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CHAMPIONS ONCOLOGY, INC. - Quarter Report: 2022 October (Form 10-Q)


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
☑
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended October 31, 2022
Or
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                               to
 
Commission file number 001-11504 
CHAMPIONS ONCOLOGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as defined in its charter)
 
Delaware52-1401755
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
  
One University Plaza, Suite 30707601
Hackensack, New Jersey
(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices) 
 
(201) 808-8400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per shareCSBR
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None.

 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ¨
Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer þ
Smaller reporting company ☑
Emerging growth company ☐
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ
 The number of Common Shares of the Registrant outstanding as of December 9, 2022 was 13,558,650.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE - None



INDEX TO FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2022 

  
Item 1. 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
   
  
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Financial Statements
 
CHAMPIONS ONCOLOGY, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in Thousands)
October 31,
2022		April 30,
2022
 (unaudited) 
ASSETS  
Current assets:  
Cash$10,826 $9,007 
Accounts receivable, net8,948 9,513 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets834 1,144 
Total current assets20,608 19,664 
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net7,698 8,230 
Property and equipment, net7,708 7,134 
Other long-term assets15 15 
Goodwill335 335 
Total assets$36,364 $35,378 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  
Current liabilities:  
Accounts payable$4,605 $2,868 
Accrued liabilities1,670 2,414 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities 1,133 1,054 
Other current liability143 72 
Deferred revenue11,185 11,071 
Total current liabilities18,736 17,479 
Non-current operating lease liabilities 7,832 8,412 
Other non-current liabilities624 391 
Total liabilities$27,192 $26,282 
Stockholders’ equity:  
Common stock, $.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 13,558,650 shares issued and outstanding as of October 31, 2022 and April 30, 2022, respectively
14 14 
Additional paid-in capital81,475 81,064 
Accumulated deficit(72,317)(71,982)
Total stockholders’ equity9,172 9,096 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$36,364 $35,378 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CHAMPIONS ONCOLOGY, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
 
Three Months Ended
October 31,		Six Months Ended
October 31,
 2022202120222021
  
Oncology services revenue$14,281 $11,786 $28,026 $23,039 
Costs and operating expenses:    
Cost of oncology services7,443 5,609 14,495 11,005 
Research and development2,604 2,299 5,491 4,603 
Sales and marketing1,700 1,640 3,392 3,214 
General and administrative2,527 1,975 4,925 4,129 
Total costs and operating expenses14,274 11,523 28,303 22,951 
Income (loss) from operations7 263 (277)88 
Other income (loss)(9)26 (27)43 
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes(2)289 (304)131 
Provision for income taxes14 12 31 26 
Net income (loss)$(16)$277 $(335)$105 
Net (income) loss per common share outstanding    
basic$(0.00)$0.02 $(0.02)$0.01 
and diluted$(0.00)$0.02 $(0.02)$0.01 
Weighted average common shares outstanding    
basic13,528,643 13,428,508 13,521,496 13,145,930 
and diluted13,528,643 14,549,136 13,521,496 14,213,450 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CHAMPIONS ONCOLOGY, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in Thousands)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Total
Stockholders'
Equity
 SharesAmount
Balance April 30, 202213,522,441 $14 $81,064 $(71,982)$9,096 
Stock-based compensation— — 206 — 206 
Net loss— — — (319)(319)
Balance July 31, 202213,522,441 $14 $81,270 $(72,301)$8,983 
Stock-based compensation— — 119 — 119 
Issuance of common stock on exercise of stock options36,209 — 86 — 86 
Net loss— — — (16)(16)
Balance October 31, 202213,558,650 $14 $81,475 $(72,317)$9,172 
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Total
Stockholders'
Equity
 SharesAmount
Balance April 30, 202113,414,066 $13 $79,945 $(72,530)$7,428 
Stock-based compensation— — 280 — 280 
Issuance of common stock on exercise of stock options1,000 — 2 — 2 
Net loss— — — (172)(172)
Balance July 31, 202113,415,066 $13 $80,227 $(72,702)$7,538 
Stock-based compensation— — 134 — 134 
Issuance of common stock on exercise of stock options81,078 1 121 — 122 
Net income— — — 277 277 
Balance October 31, 202113,496,144 $14 $80,482 $(72,425)$8,071 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


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CHAMPIONS ONCOLOGY, INC.
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in Thousands)
Six Months Ended
October 31,
 20222021
Operating activities:  
Net income (loss)$(335)$105 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Stock-based compensation325 414 
Depreciation and amortization expense1,088 663 
Net gain on disposal of equipment— (4)
Operating lease right-of use assets542 519 
Provision for doubtful accounts130 117 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable434 (1,321)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets310 226 
Accounts payable1,737 1,506 
Accrued liabilities(743)(320)
Other current liabilities— 15 
Other non-current liabilities— 54 
Operating lease liabilities(511)(406)
Deferred revenue114 (124)
Net cash provided by operating activities3,091 1,444 
Investing activities:  
Purchase of property and equipment(1,358)(1,473)
Net cash used in investing activities(1,358)(1,473)
Financing activities:  
Proceeds from exercise of options86 123 
Net cash provided by financing activities86 123 
Increase in cash1,819 94 
Cash at beginning of period9,007 4,687 
Cash at end of period$10,826 $4,781 
(4)
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CHAMPIONS ONCOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Note 1. Organization, Use of Estimates and Basis of Presentation
 
Champions Oncology, Inc. is a technology-enabled research organization engaged in creating transformative technology solutions to be utilized in drug discovery and development. The Company's research center operates in both regulatory and non-regulatory environments and consists of a comprehensive set of computational and experimental research platforms. Its pharmacology, biomarker, and data platforms are designed to facilitate drug discovery and development at lower costs and increased speeds.
 
The Company has three operating subsidiaries: Champions Oncology (Israel), Limited, Champions Biotechnology U.K., Limited, and Champions Oncology, S.R.L. (Italy). For the three and six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no revenues earned by these subsidiaries.
 
The Company’s foreign subsidiaries functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in earnings. The Company is subject to foreign exchange rate fluctuations in connection with the Company’s international operations.
 
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. Certain information related to the Company’s organization, significant accounting policies and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, has been condensed or omitted. The accounting policies followed in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are consistent with those followed in the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended April 30, 2022, as filed on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all material adjustments necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented and the presentations and disclosures herein are adequate when read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2022. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for a full fiscal year.
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers only those investments which are highly liquid, readily convertible to cash, and with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of October 31, 2022 and April 30, 2022 the Company had no cash equivalents.

Liquidity
 
The Company's liquidity needs have typically arisen from the funding of our research and development programs and the launch of new products, working capital requirements, and other strategic initiatives. Recently, the Company has met these cash requirements through cash on hand, working capital management, and sales of products and services. In the past, the Company has also received proceeds from certain private placements and public offerings of our securities. For the six months ended October 31, 2022, the Company had a net loss of approximately $335,000 and cash provided by operations of $3.1 million. As of October 31, 2022, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $72.3 million, working capital of $1.9 million and cash on hand of $10.8 million. The Company believes that cash on hand, together with expected net positive cash provided by operations for fiscal year 2023, are adequate to fund operations through at least 12 months from the filing of this 10-Q. However, should the Company's revenue expectations not materialize, the Company believes it has cost reduction strategies that could be implemented without disrupting the business or restructuring the Company. Should the Company be required to raise additional capital, there can be no assurance that management would be successful in raising such capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

Leases

The Company accounts for its leases under Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842, Leases. Under this guidance, arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or financing leases and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as both a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease, if applicable, or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the right-of-use asset is amortized over the lease term. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right-of-use asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term.

Earnings Per Share
 
Basic net income or loss per share is computed by dividing the net income or loss for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock plus dilutive potential common stock considered outstanding during the period. Such dilutive shares consist of incremental shares that would be issued upon exercise of the Company’s common stock options.
 
As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, all of the Company's potential common stock is considered anti-dilutive.
 
The following table reflects the total potential share-based instruments outstanding at October 31, 2022 and 2021 that could have an effect on the future computation of dilution per common share, had their effect not been anti-dilutive:
 October 31,
 20222021
Total common stock equivalents1,675,447 1,634,928 
 

Income Taxes
 
    Deferred income taxes have been provided to show the effect of temporary differences between the recognition of expenses for financial and income tax reporting purposes and between the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company assesses the
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likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recovered through tax planning strategies or from future taxable income, and to the extent that recovery is not likely or there is insufficient earnings history, a valuation allowance is established. The Company's ability to utilize net operating losses (“NOL”) carryforwards to offset future taxable income would be limited if the Company had undergone or were to undergo an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “IRC”). The Company adjusts the valuation allowance in the period management determines it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will or will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in the tax provision in the period of change. As of October 31, 2022 and April 30, 2022, the Company provided a valuation allowance for all net deferred tax assets as it is more likely than not that the assets will not be recovered based on an insufficient history of earnings.

The Company reflects tax benefits only if it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to sustain the tax position, based on its technical merits.  If a tax benefit meets this criterion, it is measured and recognized based on the largest amount of benefit that is cumulatively greater than 50% likely to be realized.  The Company recorded $181,000 of liabilities related to uncertain tax positions relative to one of its foreign operations as of October 31, 2022 and April 30, 2022.
 
The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company did not recognize interest or penalties on its consolidated statements of operations during the three or six-month periods ended October 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company does not anticipate unrecognized tax benefits will be recorded during the next 12 months.
 
The provision for income taxes for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 was $14,000 and $12,000, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 was $31,000 and $26,000, respectively. The provision is attributable to taxable income earned in Israel and/or Italy relating to transfer pricing.     

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The objective of the standard is to establish a single comprehensive revenue recognition model that is designed to create greater comparability of financial statements across industries and jurisdictions. Under this standard, companies recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

All revenue is generated from contracts with customers. The Company's arrangements are service type contracts that mainly have a duration of less than a year. The Company recognizes revenue when control of these services is transferred to the customer in an amount, referred to as the transaction price, that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled in exchange for those services. The Company determines revenue recognition utilizing the following five steps: (1) identification of the contract with a customer, (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract (promised goods or services that are distinct), (3) determination of the transaction price, (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations, and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company transfers control of the product or service for each performance obligation. The Company records revenues net of any tax assessments by governmental authorities, such as value added taxes, that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue generating transactions.

The majority of the Company's revenue arrangements are service contracts that are completed within a year or less. There are a few contracts that range in duration between 1 and 3 years. Substantially all of the Company's performance obligations, and associated revenue, are transferred to the customer over time. Most of the Company's contracts can be terminated by the customer without cause. In the event of termination, the Company's contracts provide that the customer pay the Company for services rendered through the termination date. The Company generally receives compensation based on a predetermined invoicing schedule relating to specific milestones for that contract.

Amendments to contracts are common. The Company evaluates each amendment which meets the criteria of a contract modification under ASC 606. Each modification is further evaluated to determine whether the contract modification should be accounted for as a separate contract or as a continuation of the original agreement.

The Company accounts for amendments as a separate contract as they meet the criteria under ASC 606-10-25-12.

Pharmacology Study and Other Services

The Company generally enters into contracts with customers to provide oncology services with payments based on fixed-fee arrangements. At contract inception, the Company assesses the services promised in the contracts with customers to identify
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the performance obligations in the arrangement. The Company's fixed-fee arrangements for oncology services are considered a single performance obligation because the Company provides a highly-integrated service.

The Company recognizes revenue over time using a progress-based input method since there is no single output measure that would fairly depict the transfer of control over the life of the performance obligation. Revenue is recognized for the single performance obligation over time due to the Company's right to payment for work performed to date and the performance does not create an asset with an alternative use. The Company recognizes revenue as portions of the overall performance obligation are completed as this best depicts the progress of the performance obligation.

Incremental Costs of Obtaining a Contract (Sales Commissions)

Under ASC 606, the costs of obtaining a contract can be expensed immediately, rather than capitalized and amortized, if the amortization period is one year or shorter. Sales commissions for the Company represent contract costs with a term of one year or less. Therefore, under ASC 606, the Company elected the practical expedient to expense these costs as incurred.

Variable Consideration

In some cases, contracts provide for variable consideration that is contingent upon the occurrence of uncertain future events, such as the success of the initial performance obligation. Variable consideration is estimated at the expected value or at the most likely amount depending on the type of consideration. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The estimate of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of its anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to the Company.

Trade Receivables, Unbilled Services and Deferred Revenue

In general, billings and payments are established by contractual provisions including predetermined payment schedules, which may or may not correspond to the timing of the transfer of control of the Company's services under the contract. In general, the Company's intention in its invoicing (payment terms) is to maintain cash neutrality over the life of the contract. Upfront payments, when they occur, are intended to cover certain expenses the Company incurs at the beginning of the contract. Neither the Company nor its customers view such upfront payments and contracted payment schedules as a means of financing. Unbilled services primarily arise when the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Such situations occur due to divergences between revenue recognition and the invoicing milestones which are based on predetermined payment terms.

Deferred revenue consists of unearned payments received in excess of revenue recognized. As the contracted services are subsequently performed and the associated revenue is recognized, the deferred revenue balance is reduced by the amount of the revenue recognized during the period. Deferred revenue is classified as a current liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as the Company expects to recognize the associated revenue in less than one year.

Accounting Pronouncements Being Evaluated

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses". This update requires immediate recognition of management’s estimates of current expected credit losses ("CECL"). Under the prior model, losses were recognized only as they were incurred. The new model is applicable to all financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The standard is effective for the fiscal year beginning May 1, 2023 for the Company. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this update on our consolidated financial statements and does not anticipate a significant impact.



Note 3. Accounts Receivable, Unbilled Services and Deferred Revenue
Accounts receivable and unbilled services were as follows (in thousands)
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October 31, 2022April 30, 2022
Accounts receivable$5,392 $6,037 
Unbilled services4,316 4,106 
Total accounts receivable and unbilled services9,708 10,143 
Less allowance for doubtful accounts(760)(630)
Total accounts receivable, net$8,948 $9,513 
Deferred revenue was as follows (in thousands):
October 31, 2022April 30, 2022
Deferred revenue$11,185 $11,071 
Deferred revenue is shown as a current liability on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Oncology Services Revenue
The following tables represents disaggregated revenue for the three and six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021:
Three Months Ended
October 31,		Six Months Ended October 31,
 2022202120222021
Pharmacology services$13,480 $11,143 $26,236 $21,846 
Other TOS revenue731 643 1,679 1,169 
Personalized oncology services70 — 111 24 
Total oncology services revenue$14,281 $11,786 $28,026 $23,039 
Other TOS revenue represents additional services provided to the Company's pharmaceutical and biotechnology customers, specifically flow cytometry services and software-as-a-service ("SaaS") provided via our Lumin Bioinformatics software ("Lumin").

Contract Balances
Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from revenue recognized in excess of the amounts billed to the customer for which the right to payment is subject to factors other than the passage of time. These amounts may not exceed their net realizable value. Contract assets are classified as current and included in accounts receivable. Contract liabilities consist of customer payments received in advance of performance and billings in excess of revenue recognized, net of revenue recognized from the balance at the beginning of the period and included in deferred revenue. Contract assets and liabilities are presented on the balance sheet on a net contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

Note 5. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is recorded at cost and primarily consists of laboratory equipment, computer equipment and software, capitalized software development costs, and furniture and fixtures. Depreciation and amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the various assets ranging from three to nine years. Property and equipment consisted of the following (table in thousands):
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October 31,
2022		April 30,
2022
Furniture and fixtures$246 $246 
Computer equipment and software1,967 1,667 
Capitalized software development costs1,888 1,888 
Laboratory equipment9,654 8,618 
Assets in progress507 181 
Leasehold improvements111 111 
Total property and equipment14,373 12,711 
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization(6,665)(5,577)
Property and equipment, net$7,708 $7,134 
Depreciation and amortization expense was $560,000 and $346,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding expense recorded under finance leases, was $525,000 and $346,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense was $1.1 million and $663,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense, excluding expense recorded under finance leases, was $1.0 million and $663,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

As of October 31, 2022 and April 30, 2022, property, plant and equipment included gross assets held under finance leases of $1.1 million and $713,000, respectively. Related depreciation expense was approximately $35,000 and $0 for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and approximately $64,000 and $0 for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Capitalized software development costs under a hosting arrangement

The Company accounts for the cost of computer software obtained or developed for internal use as well as the software development and implementation costs associated with a hosting arrangement ("internal-use software") that is a service contract in accordance and with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ("ASC-350"). We capitalize certain costs in the development of our internal-use software when the preliminary project stage is completed and it is probable that the project itself will be completed and the software will perform as intended. These capitalized costs include personnel and related expenses for employees and costs of third-party consultants who are directly associated with and who devote time to these internal-use software projects. Capitalization of these costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Costs incurred for significant upgrades, increased functionality, and enhancements to the Company's internal-use software solutions are also capitalized. Costs incurred for training, maintenance, and minor modifications are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software development costs are amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful economic life of three years.

The Company has capitalized development and implementation costs in accordance with accounting guidance for its Lumin platform. Lumin is the Company's oncology data-driven software program and data tool which operates as SaaS. These capitalized costs represent salaries, including direct payroll-related costs, certain software development consultant expenses and molecular sequencing programming costs incurred in the engineering and coding of the software development. Capitalized costs are classified as assets in progress during the development process until development is complete and the asset is available for sale. The initial version of the Lumin platform was launched during fiscal year 2021, at which time initial capitalization ceased and amortization commenced.

The Company continued to develop increased functionality, expand product design and usability, and add enhancements to the Lumin platform. In accordance with accounting guidance, these costs were capitalized. This developmental work did not render the initial released version to be obsolete or diminished in value but, rather, added to the base functionality of the existing platform. During the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, these capitalized costs were placed into service as the enhanced version was launched and made available for sale. The total cost of the Lumin asset placed into service and available for sale was $1.9 million. As of October 31, 2022, the carrying value of the asset net of accumulated amortization was $1.1 million. Amortization expense related to this asset was $157,000 and $40,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and, $314,000 and $81,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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Finance Lease

During fiscal year 2022, the Company recognized a finance lease for laboratory equipment. This equipment was obtained as the result of a laboratory supplies purchase commitment with costs of approximately $370,000 at inception through December 2025. Cash payments for this lease are in the form of consideration for purchasing lab supplies under a purchase commitment agreement. At the commencement of the commitment, the present value of the minimum future obligations of $370,000 was calculated based on an interest rate of 3.25%. Depreciation and amortization expense related to this finance lease was $18,000 and zero for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $36,000 and zero for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company recognized a finance lease for laboratory equipment. This equipment was obtained as the result of a laboratory supplies purchase commitment with costs of approximately $368,000 at inception through June 2027. Cash payments for this lease are in the form of consideration for purchasing lab supplies under a purchase commitment agreement. The present value of the minimum future obligations of $368,000 was calculated based on an interest rate of 3.5%. Depreciation and amortization expense related to this finance lease was $17,000 and zero for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $28,000 and zero for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.


 
Note 6. Share-Based Payments
 
Stock-based compensation expense was recognized as follows (table in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
October 31,		Six Months Ended
October 31,
 2022202120222021
General and administrative$23 $48 $146 $219 
Sales and marketing49 45 97 96 
Research and development4 8 7 14 
Cost of oncology services43 33 75 85 
Total stock-based compensation expense$119 $134 $325 $414 

The Company has in place a 2021 Equity Incentive Plan and 2010 Equity Incentive Plan ("the Plans"). In general, these plans provide for stock-based compensation to the Company’s employees, directors and non-employees. The plans also provide for limits on the aggregate number of shares that may be granted, the term of grants and the strike price of option awards.

2021 Equity Incentive Plan
As part of the 2021 Annual Shareholders Meeting, shareholders approved the adoption of the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Equity Plan”). The purpose of the 2021 Equity Plan is to grant (i) Non-statutory Stock Options; (ii) Incentive Stock Options; (iii) Restricted Stock Awards; and/or (iv) Stock Appreciation Rights (collectively, stock-based compensation) to its employees, directors and non-employees. Total stock awards under the 2021 Equity Plan shall not exceed 2 million shares of common stock. Options and Stock Appreciation Rights expire no later than ten years from the date of grant and the awards vest as determined by the Board of Directors. Options and Stock Appreciation Rights have a strike price not less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock subject to the option or right at the date of grant. As of October 31, 2022, approximately 1.7 million shares were left to issue under this plan.

2010 Equity Incentive Plan
On February 18, 2011, shareholders owning a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company executed a written consent approving the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (“2010 Equity Plan”). The purpose of the 2010 Equity Plan is to grant (i) Non-statutory Stock Options; (ii) Restricted Stock Awards; and (iii) Stock Appreciation Rights (collectively, stock-based compensation) to its employees, directors and non-employees. Total stock awards under the 2010 Equity Plan shall not exceed 30 million shares of common stock. Options and Stock Appreciation Rights expire no later than ten years from the date of grant and the awards vest as determined by the Board of Directors. Options and Stock Appreciation Rights have a strike price not less
14

than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock subject to the option or right at the date of grant. After February 2021, no more shares were available to be issued from this plan.

Stock Option Grants
 
There were no options granted during the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021. Black-Scholes assumptions used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
 
Six Months Ended
October 31,
 20222021
Expected term in years
6
6
Risk-free interest rates
2.87%
0.82%
Volatility
62.58%
65.94%-66.21%
Dividend yield—%—%
 
The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 was $4.50 and $5.33, respectively.

The Company’s stock options activity for the six months ended October 31, 2022 was as follows:
 
Directors
and
Employees		Non-
Employees		TotalWeighted
Average
Exercise
Price		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (Years)		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding, April 30, 20221,617,324 40,915 1,658,239 $4.51 4.9$6,131,000 
Granted80,500 — 80,500 7.57 9.7
Exercised(36,209)— (36,209)3.21 
Forfeited(9,125)— (9,125)7.94   
Canceled(13,374)— (13,374)3.74 
Expired— (4,584)(4,584)5.40   
Outstanding, October 31, 20221,639,116 36,331 1,675,447 4.67 4.8$4,989,000 
Vested and expected to vest as of October 31, 20221,639,116 36,331 1,675,447 4.67 4.8$4,989,000 
Exercisable as of October 31, 20221,363,447 — 1,363,447 4.18 4.1$4,788,000 




Note 7. Leases
Operating Leases 
The Company currently leases certain office equipment and its office and laboratory facilities under non-cancelable operating leases. Rent expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term from the lease commencement date through the scheduled expiration date. Rent expense totaled $466,000 and $467,000 for the three months
15

ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $934,000 and $932,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company considers its facilities adequate for its current operational needs.

The Company leases the following facilities:
 
•One University Plaza, Suite 307, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601, which, since November 2011, serves as the Company’s corporate headquarters. The lease was renewed during fiscal year 2022 and expires in November 2026. The Company recognized $21,000 and $24,000 of rent expense relative to this lease for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $42,000 and $47,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
•1330 Piccard Drive Suite 025, Rockville, MD 20850, which consists of laboratory and office space where the Company conducts operations related to its primary service offerings. The Company executed this lease (the "Original Premises") on January 11, 2017. The operating commencement date was August 11, 2017. This lease was originally set to expire in August 2028.
◦On March 30, 2020, the Company executed the first amendment to this lease to expand the existing premises at 1330 Piccard Drive, Suite 025 ("Expansion Premises") to add on Suites 050 and 104. This amendment also extended the current lease term by six months. The Expansion Premises operating lease commencement date was June 1, 2020 and, under the amendment, both leases expire February 28, 2029.
◦In accordance with ASC 842, "Leases", the Company evaluated the first amendment and also performed a reassessment of the existing lease for Suite 025 to determine the impact of the six-month term extension. As a result of this assessment, the Company recognized an additional operating ROU asset and related operating lease liability for Suite 025 of $118,000 and $125,000, respectively, as well as an incremental net rent expense of $8,000 during the three months ended July 31, 2020 related to fiscal year 2021.
◦Upon the Expansion Premises operating lease commencement date (June 1, 2020), the Company recognized an operating ROU asset and related operating lease liability for Suites 050 and 104 of $3.8 million, each, respectively.
◦On December 22, 2020, the Company executed the second amendment to this lease to expand the existing premises at 1330 Piccard Drive, Suites 025, 050, and 104 ("Additional Expansion Premises") to add on Suite 201. The Additional Expansion Premises operating lease commencement date is April 1, 2021 and, under the second amendment, reaffirms that all three leases expire February 28, 2029. Upon the Additional Expansion Premises operating lease commencement date (April 1, 2021), the Company also recognized an operating ROU asset and related operating lease liability for Suite 201 of $3.3 million, each, respectively.
◦For the leases related to the premises at Piccard Drive, the Company recognized $422,000 in rent expense for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $844,000 and $850,000 in rent expense for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
•VIA LEONE XIII, 14, Milan, Italy, which consists of laboratory and office space where the Company conducts operations related to its flow cytometry service offerings. The Company executed the lease for its laboratory space in June 2021, and commenced occupancy during the three months ended October 31, 2021. This lease expires May 2023. The Company executed a lease for its office space on October 1, 2021. This lease was set to expire September 2027.
◦The Company recognized an operating ROU asset and related operating lease liability for the lab and office space of $205,000 each, respectively.
◦The Company recognized rent expense associated with these leases of $23,000 and $21,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $48,000 and $34,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
◦The Company executed a new lease for office and laboratory space in November 2022. This new agreement has an effective date of November 1, 2022 and is set to expire October 31, 2028.

ROU assets and lease liabilities related to our current operating leases are as follows (in thousands):
October 31, 2022April 30, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
$7,698 $8,230 
Current portion of operating lease liabilities
1,133 1,054 
Non-current portion of operating lease liabilities7,832 8,412 

As of October 31, 2022, the weighted average remaining operating lease term and the weighted average discount rate were 6.18 years and 5.73%, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments due each fiscal year as follows (in thousands):
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Remainder of 2023$1,395 
20242,847 
20252,888 
20262,937 
20272,903 
Thereafter5,243 
 Total undiscounted liabilities18,213 
Less: Imputed interest(9,248)
Present value of minimum lease payments$8,965 

Refer to Note 5, Property and Equipment, for information on financing leases.


 
Note 8. Related Party Transactions
 
Related party transactions include transactions between the Company and its shareholders, management, or affiliates.  The following transactions were in the normal course of operations and were measured and recorded at the exchange amount, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the parties.
 
Consulting Services
 
During the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid an affiliate of a board member $9,000 and $9,000, respectively, for consulting services unrelated to his duty as a board member. During the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid the same affiliate of a board member $18,000 and $18,000, respectively, for consulting services unrelated to his duty as a board member.

During the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid an affiliate of another board member $0 and $2,150, respectively, for consulting services unrelated to their duties as a board member. During the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid the same affiliate of a board member $0 and $5,000 respectively, for consulting services unrelated to their duties as a board member. As of October 31, 2022, $0 was due to these related parties. 

Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies
 
Legal Matters
 
The Company is not currently party to any legal matters to its knowledge. The Company is not aware of any other matters that would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Registration Payment Arrangements
The Company has entered into an Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement in connection with the March 2015 Private Placement. This Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement contains provisions that may call for the Company to pay penalties in certain circumstances. This registration payment arrangement primarily relates to the Company’s ability to file a registration statement within a particular time period, have a registration statement declared effective within a particular time period and to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement for a particular time period. The Company has not accrued any liquidated damages associated with the Amended and Restated Registration Right Agreement as the Company has filed the required registration statement and anticipates continued compliance with the agreement.

Royalties

The Company contracts with third-party vendors to license tumor samples for development into PDX models and use in our TOS business. These types of arrangements have an upfront fee ranging from nil to $30,000 per tumor sample depending on the successful growth of the tumor model and ability to develop them into a sellable product. The upfront costs are expensed as incurred. In addition, under certain agreements, for a limited period of time, the Company is subject to royalty payments if the licensed tumor models are used for sale in our TOS business, ranging from 2% to 20% of the contract price after recouping certain initiation costs. Some of these arrangements also set forth an annual minimum royalty due regardless of tumor models
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used for sale. For the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we have recognized approximately $32,000 and $147,000, respectively, in expense related to these royalty arrangements. For the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we have recognized approximately $108,000 and $199,000 in expense related to these royalty arrangements, respectively.
 


Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
The following discussion of our historical results of operations and our liquidity and capital resources should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes that appear elsewhere in this report and our most recent annual report for the year ended April 30, 2022, as filed on Form 10-K.
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements,” which include information relating to future events, future financial performance, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation, and availability of resources. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding: proposed new programs; expectations that regulatory developments or other matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity; statements concerning projections, predictions, expectations, estimates, or forecasts as to our business, financial and operational results, and future economic performance; and statements of management’s goals and objectives and other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. Words such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates” and similar expressions, as well as statements in future tense, identify forward-looking statements.
 
Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements.
 
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements are made. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those described in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022, as updated in our subsequent reports filed with the SEC, including any updates found in Part II, Item 1A of this or other reports on Form 10-Q, if any. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions, or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.

Overview and Recent Developments
We are a technology-enabled research organization engaged in creating transformative technology solutions to be utilized in drug discovery and development. Our research center consists of a comprehensive set of computational and experimental research platforms. Our pharmacology, biomarker, and data platforms are designed to facilitate drug discovery and development at lower costs and increased speeds. We perform studies which we believe may predict the efficacy of experimental oncology drugs or approved drugs as stand-alone therapies or in combination with other drugs and can stimulate the results of human clinical trials. These studies include in vivo studies that rely on implanting multiple tumors from our TumorBank in mice and testing the therapy of interest on these tumors. Studies may also include bioinformatics analysis that reveal the differences in the genetic signatures of the tumors that responded to a therapy as compared to the tumors that did not respond. Additionally, we provide computational or experimental support to identify novel therapeutic targets, select appropriate patient populations for clinical evaluation, identify potential therapeutic combination strategies, and develop biomarker hypothesis of sensitivity or resistance. These studies include the use of our in vivo, ex vivo, analytical and computational platforms.

We are engaged in the development and sale of advanced technology solutions and products to personalize the development and use of oncology drugs through our Translational Oncology Solutions ("TOS"). This technology ranges from computational-based discovery platforms, unique oncology software solutions, and innovative and proprietary experimental tools such as in vivo, ex vivo and biomarker platforms. Utilizing our TumorGraft Technology Platform ("The Platform"), a comprehensive
18

Bank of unique, well characterized models, we provide select services to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies seeking personalized approaches to drug development. By performing studies to predict the efficacy of oncology drugs, our Platform facilitates drug discovery with lower costs and increased speed of drug development as well as increased adoption of existing drugs.

As part of our growth strategy, we launched Lumin Bioinformatics ("Lumin"), an oncology data-driven software program. Our Lumin software contains comprehensive information derived from our research services and clinical studies. Lumin leverages our large Datacenter coupled with analytics and artificial intelligence to provide a robust tool for computational cancer research. It is the combination of the Datacenter and the analytics that create a unique foundation for Lumin. Insights developed using Lumin can provide the basis for biomarker hypotheses, reveal potential mechanisms of therapeutic resistance, and guide the direction of additional preclinical evaluations.

Our drug discovery and development business leverages the computational and experimental capabilities within our platforms. Our discovery strategy utilizes our rich and unique Datacenter, coupled with artificial intelligence and other advanced computational analytics, to identify novel therapeutic targets. We then employ the use of our proprietary experimental platforms to rapidly validate these targets for further drug development efforts.

We have a rich pipeline of targets at various stages of discovery and validation, with a select group that has progressed to therapeutic development. Our commercial strategy for the validated targets and therapeutics established from this business is wide-ranging and still being developed. It will depend on many factors, and will be specific for each target or therapeutic area identified. Any expenses associated with this part of our business are research and development and are expensed as incurred.

We regularly evaluate strategic options to create additional value from our drug discovery business, which may include, but are not limited to, potential spin-out transactions or capital raises.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our liquidity needs have typically arisen from the funding of our research and development programs and the launch of new products, working capital requirements, and other strategic initiatives. Recently, we have met these cash requirements through cash, working capital management, and sales of products and services. In the past, we have also received proceeds from certain private placements and public offerings of our securities. For the six months ended October 31, 2022, the Company had a net loss of approximately $335,000 and cash provided by operations of $3.1 million. As of October 31, 2022, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $72.3 million, working capital of $1.9 million, and cash of $10.8 million. We believe that our cash on hand, together with expected positive cash flows from operations for fiscal year 2023, are adequate to fund operations through at least 12 months from the filing of this 10-Q. However, should our revenue expectations not materialize, we believe we have cost reduction strategies that could be implemented without disrupting the business or restructuring the Company. Should the Company be required to raise additional capital, there can be no assurance that management would be successful in raising such capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
 
Operating Results
 
The following table summarizes our operating results for the periods presented below (dollars in thousands):
 
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 For the Three Months Ended October 31,
2022% of
Revenue		2021% of
Revenue
%
Change
     
Oncology services revenue$14,281 100.0 %$11,786 100.0 %21.2 %
Costs and operating expenses:    
Cost of oncology services7,443 52.2 5,609 47.6 32.7 
Research and development2,604 18.2 2,299 19.5 13.3 
Sales and marketing1,700 11.9 1,640 13.9 3.7 
General and administrative2,527 17.7 1,975 16.8 27.9 
Total costs and operating expenses14,274 100.0 11,523 97.8 23.9 
Income from operations$7 — %$263 2.2 %(97.3)%
 For the Six months ended October 31,
2022% of
Revenue		2021% of
Revenue
%
Change
     
Oncology services revenue$28,026 100.0 %$23,039 100.0 %21.6 %
Costs and operating expenses:   
Cost of oncology services14,495 51.7 11,005 47.8 31.7 
Research and development5,491 19.6 4,603 20.0 19.3 
Sales and marketing3,392 12.1 3,214 14.0 5.5 
General and administrative4,925 17.6 4,129 17.9 19.3 
Total costs and operating expenses28,303 101.0 22,951 99.6 23.3 
Income (loss) from operations$(277)(1.0)$88 0.4 %(414.8)%

Oncology Services Revenue
 
Oncology services revenue, which is primarily derived from pharmacology studies, was $14.3 million and $11.8 million for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, an increase of $2.5 million or 21.2%. Oncology services revenue was $28.0 million and $23.0 million for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, an increase of $5.0 million or 21.6%. The increase in revenue was primarily due to continued demand for our services and platform expansion leading to larger in-vivo and ex-vivo pharmacology studies.

Cost of Oncology Services
 
Cost of oncology services for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 were $7.4 million and $5.6 million, respectively, an increase of $1.8 million or 32.7%.  Cost of oncology services for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 were $14.5 million and $11.0 million, respectively, an increase of $3.5 million or 31.7%. The increase in cost of oncology services was primarily from compensation, mice and supply expenses for pharmacology studies and compensation expense for our SaaS platform. For the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, total gross margins were 47.9% and 52.4%, respectively. For the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, total gross margins were 48.3% and 52.2%, respectively. For the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, gross margins for pharmacology services were 50.5% and 53.1%, respectively. For the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, gross margins for pharmacology services were 51.1% and 52.8%, respectively. The lower pharmacology margins resulted from an increase in up-front study related expenses in advance of the revenue recognition. Additionally, Lumin related depreciation and amortization expense during the three and six months ended October 31, 2022 was higher compared to the three and six months ended October 31, 2021, contributing to the total margin decline.

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 Research and Development
 
Research and development expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 were $2.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $305,000 or 13.3%. Research and development expenses for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 were $5.5 million and $4.6 million, respectively, an increase of approximately $888,000 or 19.3%. The increase for the three and six-month periods was mainly due to compensation and lab supply expense related to the investment in our therapeutic drug discovery platform.
 
Sales and Marketing
 
Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 were $1.7 million and $1.6 million, respectively, an increase of $60,000, or 3.7%. Sales and marketing expenses for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 were $3.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively, an increase of 178,000, or 5.5%. The increase for both periods was mainly due to compensation expense.

General and Administrative
 
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 were $2.5 million and $2.0 million, an increase of $552,000, or 27.9%. General and administrative expenses for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 were $4.9 million and $4.1 million, an increase of $800,000, or 19.3%. General and administrative expenses are primarily comprised of compensation, insurance, professional fees, IT, and depreciation and amortization expenses. The increase for the three and six-month period was mainly due to an increase in compensation and IT related expenses to support the overall infrastructure growth of the Company. Additionally, bad debt expense increased during the three and six-month periods ended October 31, 2022, compared to the three and six-month periods ended October 31, 2021.

 
Cash Flows
 
The following discussion relates to the major components of our cash flows:
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
Net cash provided by operating activities was $3.1 million compared to net cash provided by operations of $1.4 million for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The cash provided by operating activities during the current period was primarily due to positive operating results excluding non-cash expenses combined with increases in accounts receivable collections and accounts payable balances in the ordinary course of business.
 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
Net cash used in investing activities was $1.4 million and $1.5 million for the six months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The cash used in investing activities was primarily for the investment in additional lab and computer equipment.
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
 
Net cash provided by financing activities was $86,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2022 compared to cash provided by financing activities of $123,000 for the six months ended October 31, 2021. The decrease in cash provided by financing is related to decrease in stock option exercise activity.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
 
The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP in the United States requires management to apply methodologies and make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates of the Company include, among other things, accounts receivable realization, revenue recognition (replacement of licensed tumors), valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, valuation of goodwill, and stock compensation and warrant assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s critical accounting policies are summarized in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on July 22, 2022.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For detailed information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements and the expected impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements, see Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Report on Form 10-Q.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Financing
 
We have no off-balance sheet debt or similar obligations.  We have no transactions or obligations with related parties that are not disclosed, consolidated into or reflected in our reported results of operations or financial position.  We do not guarantee any third-party debt.
 
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
It is management’s responsibility to establish and maintain “disclosure controls and procedures” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the relationship between the benefit of desired controls and procedures and the cost of implementing new controls and procedures.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2022. Based on that assessment, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of October 31, 2022 at the reasonable assurance level in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Further, management concluded that our consolidated financial statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates, and for the periods presented, in conformity with U.S. GAAP.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
None.
 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

    As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item; however, the discussion of our business and operations should be read together with the Risk Factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 22, 2022. Such risks and uncertainties have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, strategies or prospects in a material and adverse manner.




 
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
 
None.
 
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
None.
 
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 5. Other Information
 
None.
23

Item 6. Exhibits
  
No. Exhibit
31.1*
31.2*
32.1** 
101.INS* iXBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH* iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL* iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF* iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB* iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE* iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
* filed herewith
** furnished herewith
24

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
  
 CHAMPIONS ONCOLOGY, INC.
 (Registrant)
  
Date: December 13, 2022By:/s/ Ronnie Morris
  Ronnie Morris
  Chief Executive Officer
  (principal executive officer)
   
Date: December 13, 2022By:/s/ David Miller
  David Miller
  Chief Financial Officer
  (principal financial and accounting officer)

25