Cigna Group - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission file number 1-08323

Cigna Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	82-4991898
(State or other jurisdiction	(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

900 Cottage Grove Road

Bloomfield, Connecticut 06002

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (860) 226-6000

Registrant’s facsimile number, including area code (860) 226-6741 or (215) 761-5511

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No _

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No _

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒		Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller Reporting Company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Yes _

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01	CI	New York Stock Exchange, Inc.

As of October 15, 2019, 373,425,371 shares of the issuer’s common stock were outstanding.

Cigna Corporation

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Income	1
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	2
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	50
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	69
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	69

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	69
Item 1.	A. Risk Factors	69
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	69
Item 6.	Exhibits	70
SIGNATURE		71


As used herein, “Cigna” or the “Company” refers to one or more of Cigna Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Cigna Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Income
		Unaudited				Unaudited
		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,
(In millions, except per share amounts)		2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenues
Pharmacy revenues	$	25,987	$	747	$	77,454	$	2,222
Premiums		9,935		8,994		29,709		27,005
Fees and other revenues		2,285		1,361		7,123		4,087
Net investment income		349		355		1,035		1,036
TOTAL REVENUES		38,556		11,457		115,321		34,350
Benefits and expenses
Pharmacy and other service costs		24,552		602		73,565		1,776
Medical costs and other benefit expenses		7,734		6,803		22,930		20,420
Selling, general and administrative expenses		3,413		2,872		10,096		8,454
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		734		48		2,214		99
TOTAL BENEFITS AND EXPENSES		36,433		10,325		108,805		30,749
Income from operations		2,123		1,132		6,516		3,601
Interest expense and other		(411)		(99)		(1,291)		(212)
Net realized investment gains (losses)		51		-		84		(36)
Income before income taxes		1,763		1,033		5,309		3,353
TOTAL INCOME TAXES		409		259		1,173		854
Net income		1,354		774		4,136		2,499
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		3		2		9		6
SHAREHOLDERS’ NET INCOME	$	1,351	$	772	$	4,127	$	2,493
Shareholders’ net income per share
Basic	$	3.60	$	3.18	$	10.94	$	10.28
Diluted	$	3.57	$	3.14	$	10.83	$	10.14

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

Cigna Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
		Unaudited				Unaudited
		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,
(In millions)		2019		2018		2019		2018
Shareholders’ net income	$	1,351	$	772	$	4,127	$	2,493
Shareholders’ other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on securities and derivatives		223		2		1,008		(431)
Net translation (losses) on foreign currencies		(128)		(29)		(192)		(136)
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment		12		13		37		31
Shareholders’ other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		107		(14)		853		(536)
Shareholders’ comprehensive income		1,458		758		4,980		1,957

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		3		2		8		6
Net income attributable to other noncontrolling interests		-		-		1		-
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		1		(9)		(3)		(19)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		4		(7)		6		(13)
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	1,462	$	751	$	4,986	$	1,944
The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

Cigna Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheets
	Unaudited
	As of		As of
	September 30,		December 31,
(In millions, except per share amounts)	2019		2018
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,577	$	3,855
Investments		1,371		2,045
Accounts receivable, net		11,719		10,473
Inventories		2,160		2,821
Other current assets		1,341		1,236
Total current assets		21,168		20,430
Long-term investments		28,904		26,929
Reinsurance recoverables		5,274		5,507
Deferred policy acquisition costs		2,795		2,821
Property and equipment		4,448		4,562
Goodwill		44,462		44,505
Other intangible assets		37,084		39,003
Other assets		2,379		1,630
Separate account assets		8,333		7,839
TOTAL ASSETS	$	154,847	$	153,226
Liabilities
Current insurance and contractholder liabilities	$	7,180	$	6,801
Pharmacy and service costs payable		10,857		10,702
Accounts payable		4,502		4,366
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		7,196		7,071
Short-term debt		4,712		2,955
Total current liabilities		34,447		31,895
Non-current insurance and contractholder liabilities		20,090		19,974
Deferred tax liabilities, net		9,284		9,453
Other non-current liabilities		3,919		3,470
Long-term debt		34,041		39,523
Separate account liabilities		8,333		7,839
TOTAL LIABILITIES		110,114		112,154
Contingencies — Note 16
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		34		37
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock⁽¹⁾		4		4
Additional paid-in capital		28,115		27,751
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(858)		(1,711)
Retained earnings		19,185		15,088
Less: treasury stock, at cost		(1,750)		(104)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY		44,696		41,028
Other noncontrolling interests		3		7
Total equity		44,699		41,035
Total liabilities and equity	$	154,847	$	153,226
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY PER SHARE	$	119.52	$	107.71
(1) Par value per share, $0.01; shares issued, 384 million as of September 30, 2019 and 381 million as of December 31, 2018; authorized shares; 600 million.
The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

Cigna Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity
Unaudited
Three months ended September 30, 2019
(In millions)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Shareholders’ Equity		Other Non- controlling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Non-controlling Interests
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	4	$	27,891	$	(965)	$	17,834	$	(949)	$	43,815	$	3	$	43,818	$	31
Effect of issuing stock for employee benefit plans				224						(125)		99				99
Other comprehensive income						107						107				107		1
Net income								1,351				1,351				1,351		3
Repurchase of common stock										(676)		(676)				(676)
Other transactions impacting noncontrolling interests																		(1)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	4	$	28,115	$	(858)	$	19,185	$	(1,750)	$	44,696	$	3	$	44,699	$	34

Three months ended September 30, 2018
(In millions)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Shareholders’ Equity		Other Non- controlling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Non-controlling Interests
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	74	$	2,974	$	(1,843)	$	17,722	$	(4,184)	$	14,743	$	-	$	14,743	$	39
Effect of issuing stock for employee benefit plans				11				(20)		63		54				54
Other comprehensive (loss)						(14)						(14)				(14)		(9)
Net income								772				772				772		2
Other transactions impacting noncontrolling interests																		(2)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	74	$	2,985	$	(1,857)	$	18,474	$	(4,121)	$	15,555	$	-	$	15,555	$	30

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

Cigna Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Total Equity
Unaudited
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(In millions)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Shareholders’ Equity		Other Non- controlling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Non-controlling Interests
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	4	$	27,751	$	(1,711)	$	15,088	$	(104)	$	41,028	$	7	$	41,035	$	37
Cumulative effect of adopting new lease accounting guidance (ASU 2016-02) ⁽¹⁾								(15)				(15)				(15)
Effect of issuing stock for employee benefit plans				364						(102)		262				262
Other comprehensive income (loss)						853						853				853		(3)
Net income								4,127				4,127		1		4,128		8
Common dividends declared (per share: $0.04)								(15)				(15)				(15)
Repurchase of common stock										(1,544)		(1,544)				(1,544)
Other transactions impacting noncontrolling interests												-		(5)		(5)		(8)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	4	$	28,115	$	(858)	$	19,185	$	(1,750)	$	44,696	$	3	$	44,699	$	34

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(In millions)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Shareholders’ Equity		Other Non- controlling Interests		Total Equity		Redeemable Non-controlling Interests
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	74	$	2,940	$	(1,082)	$	15,800	$	(4,021)	$	13,711	$	-	$	13,711	$	49
Cumulative effect of accounting for financial instruments and hedging ⁽²⁾						(10)		68				58				58
Reclassification adjustment related to U.S. tax reform legislation ⁽²⁾						(229)		229				-				-
Effect of issuing stock for employee benefit plans				45				(106)		175		114				114
Other comprehensive (loss)						(536)						(536)				(536)		(19)
Net income								2,493				2,493				2,493		6
Common dividends declared (per share: $0.04)								(10)				(10)				(10)
Repurchase of common stock										(275)		(275)				(275)
Other transactions impacting noncontrolling interests												-				-		(6)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	74	$	2,985	$	(1,857)	$	18,474	$	(4,121)	$	15,555	$	-	$	15,555	$	30

(1) See Note 2 for further information about the Company's adoption of new leasing guidance (ASU 2016-02).
(2) See Note 2 to the Financial Statements included in our 2018 Form 10-K for further information on the adoption of accounting standards in 2018.

The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

Cigna Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
	Unaudited
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	4,136	$	2,499
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,724		438
Realized investment (gains) losses, net		(84)		36
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense		(400)		17
Net changes in assets and liabilities, net of non-operating effects:
Accounts receivable		(1,171)		(243)
Inventories		661		84
Deferred policy acquisition costs		(162)		(195)
Reinsurance recoverable and other assets		(92)		355
Insurance liabilities		590		408
Pharmacy and service costs payable		210		9
Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities		23		177
Other, net		257		59
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES		6,692		3,644
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from investments sold:
Debt and equity securities		2,639		1,930
Investment maturities and repayments:
Debt and equity securities		1,281		1,394
Commercial mortgage loans		174		181
Other sales, maturities and repayments (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)		978		588
Investments purchased or originated:
Debt and equity securities		(3,347)		(4,461)
Commercial mortgage loans		(221)		(288)
Other (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)		(1,214)		(660)
Property and equipment purchases, net		(740)		(346)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(6)		-
Other, net		(7)		(12)
NET CASH (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(463)		(1,674)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Deposits and interest credited to contractholder deposit funds		731		816
Withdrawals and benefit payments from contractholder deposit funds		(845)		(872)
Net change in short-term debt		(479)		(109)
Repayment of long-term debt		(3,340)		(131)
Net proceeds on issuance of long-term debt		-		19,884
Repurchase of common stock		(1,540)		(310)
Issuance of common stock		101		41
Other, net		(108)		(204)
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(5,480)		19,115
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(27)		(25)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		722		21,060
Cash and cash equivalents, January 1,		3,855		2,972
Cash and cash equivalents, September 30,	$	4,577	$	24,032
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Information:
Income taxes paid, net of refunds	$	1,607	$	767
Interest paid	$	1,257	$	167


The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

CIGNA CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Note Number	Footnote	Page

Business and Capital Structure
1	Description of Business	8
2	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9
3	Accounts Receivable, Net	10
4	Mergers and Acquisitions	10
5	Earnings Per Share	11
6	Debt	12
Insurance Information
7	Insurance and Contractholder Liabilities	14
8	Reinsurance	17
Investments
9	Investments	19
10	Fair Value Measurements	24
11	Variable Interest Entities	30
12	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	31
Workforce Management and Compensation
13	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans	32
Property, Leases and Other Asset Balances
14	Leases	33
Compliance, Regulation and Contingencies
15	Income Taxes	34
16	Contingencies and Other Matters	35
17	Condensed Consolidating Financial Information	37
Results Details
18	Segment Information	46

Note 1 – Description of Business

Cigna Corporation, together with its subsidiaries (either individually or collectively referred to as “Cigna,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a global health service organization dedicated to a mission of helping those we serve improve their health, well-being and peace of mind. Our evolved strategy in support of our mission is Go Deeper, Go Local, Go Beyond using a differentiated set of pharmacy, medical, dental, disability, life and accident insurance and related products and services offered by our subsidiaries.

The majority of these products are offered through employers and other groups such as governmental and non-governmental organizations, unions and associations. Cigna also offers commercial health and dental insurance, Medicare and Medicaid products and health, life and accident insurance coverages to individuals in the United States and selected international markets. In addition to these ongoing operations, Cigna also has certain run-off operations.

As described more fully in Note 4, Cigna completed the acquisition of Express Scripts Holding Company (“Express Scripts”) on December 20, 2018. As a result, our segments have changed as described below, effective in the fourth quarter of 2018. Prior year financial data presented in this Form 10-Q has been restated to reflect this new segment presentation.

Health Services includes pharmacy benefits management, pharmacy home delivery and certain medical management services. This segment includes Express Scripts’ business from the date of acquisition with the exception of Express Scripts’ Medicare Part D business that is reported in the Government operating segment.

Integrated Medical offers a variety of medical solutions to employers and individuals.

The Commercial operating segment serves employers (also referred to as “clients”) and their employees (also referred to as “customers”) and other groups. This segment provides deeply integrated medical and specialty offerings including medical, pharmacy, dental, behavioral health and vision, health advocacy programs and other products and services to insured and self-insured clients.

The Government operating segment offers Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement and Medicare Part D plans to Medicare-eligible beneficiaries, as well as Medicaid plans. This operating segment also offers health insurance coverage to individual customers both on and off public exchanges. This segment includes the acquired Express Scripts’ Medicare Part D business.

International Markets includes supplemental health, life and accident insurance products and health care coverage in our international markets as well as health care benefits to globally mobile employees of multinational organizations.

The remainder of our business operations are reported in Group Disability and Other, consisting of the following:

Group Disability and Life provides group long-term and short-term disability, group life, accident, voluntary and specialty insurance products and related services.

Corporate-Owned Life Insurance (“COLI”) offers permanent insurance contracts sold to corporations to provide coverage on the lives of certain employees for the purpose of financing employer-paid future benefit obligations.

Run-off businesses:

Reinsurance: predominantly comprised of guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) and guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”) business effectively exited through reinsurance with Berkshire Hathaway Life Insurance Company of Nebraska (“Berkshire”) in 2013.

Settlement Annuity business in run-off.

Individual Life Insurance and Annuity and Retirement Benefits Businesses: deferred gains from the sales of these businesses.

Certain international run-off businesses

Corporate reflects amounts not allocated to operating segments, including interest expense, net investment income on investments not supporting segment and other operations, interest on uncertain tax positions, certain litigation matters, expense associated with our frozen pension plans, severance, certain enterprise-wide projects and intersegment eliminations for products and services sold between segments. Prior to 2019, compensation cost for stock options was also included in Corporate. Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, this cost is recorded by the segments.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Cigna Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. These Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The Company adopted Article 5 of Regulation S-X issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) effective December 31, 2018 in conjunction with the acquisition of Express Scripts. As a result, the Company now presents current assets and liabilities on its balance sheet. The Company reclassified realized investment gains (losses) from revenue and now reports them below income from operations with interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income, in conformity with Article 5. Prior years’ information was reclassified to conform to this new presentation.

Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements necessarily reflect management’s estimates and assumptions about medical costs, investment and receivable valuations, interest rates and other factors. Significant estimates are discussed throughout these Notes; however, actual results could differ from those estimates. The impact of a change in estimate is generally included in earnings in the period of adjustment.

These interim Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited but include all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary, in the opinion of management, for a fair statement of financial position and results of operations for the periods reported. The interim Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in the 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2018 Form 10-K”). The preparation of interim Consolidated Financial Statements necessarily relies heavily on estimates. This and certain other factors, including the seasonal nature of portions of the health care and related benefits business, as well as competitive and other market conditions, call for caution in estimating full-year results based on interim results of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The 2018 Form 10-K includes discussion of significant recent accounting pronouncements that either have impacted or may impact our financial statements in the future. The following information provides updates on recently adopted or recently issued accounting pronouncements that have occurred since the Company filed its 2018 Form 10-K.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases¸ as of January 1, 2019 (the adoption date) on a modified retrospective basis for leases in effect as of and after the adoption date. This new guidance requires balance sheet recognition of assets and liabilities arising from leases, as well as additional disclosures regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows from leases. The Company implemented a new lease system and corresponding internal controls to administer our leases and facilitate compliance with this new standard.

The Company elected the practical expedient package, allowing the Company to carry forward the assessment of 1) whether our contracts contain or are leases, 2) lease classification and 3) whether previously capitalized costs continue to qualify as initial direct costs. Upon adoption, the Company recognized new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related only to our operating leases, as finance (capital) leases were already reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The impact of adoption on the Company’s net assets and retained earnings was not material, nor was there a material impact on our Consolidated Statements of Income or Cash Flows. See Note 14 for additional disclosures about the Company’s leases.

Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted

Accounting Standard and Effective Date		Requirements and Expected Effects of New Guidance Not Yet Adopted
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13) Required as of January 1, 2020	Requires:
	•	A new approach using expected credit losses to estimate and recognize credit losses for certain financial instruments (such as mortgage loans, reinsurance recoverables and other receivables) when such instruments are first originated or acquired, compared with the incurred loss model currently used. Upon adoption, the Company will record an allowance for estimated credit losses on the balance sheet. Subsequent changes in the allowance will be reported in current period earnings.
	•	Changes in the criteria for impairment of available-for-sale debt securities
	•	Adoption using a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in retained earnings
	Expected effects:
	•	The Company is continuing to evaluate this new standard and its expected effects on our financial statements and disclosures. We will adopt the standard as of January 1, 2020.
	•	An additional allowance for future expected credit losses under the new model will be required for certain financial instruments. At this time, the amount is expected to approximate $50 million after-tax and primarily relates to reinsurance recoverables.

Note 3 - Accounts Receivable, Net

The following amounts were included within accounts receivable.

(In millions)	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Insurance customer receivables	$	2,433	$	1,888
Noninsurance customer receivables		4,891		4,988
Pharmaceutical manufacturers receivable ⁽¹⁾		3,953		3,321
Other receivables		442		276
Total accounts receivable, net	$	11,719	$	10,473

(1)Includes $330 million at September 30, 2019 and $406 million at December 31, 2018 of receivables related to noninsurance customer contracts.

These receivables are reported net of our allowances of $720 million as of September 30, 2019 and $217 million as of December 31, 2018. These allowances consisted of contractual allowances for certain rebates receivable with manufacturers, certain receivables from third-party payors and discounts and claims adjustments issued to the customers in the form of client credits as well as allowances for doubtful accounts. As part of purchase accounting, Express Scripts’ receivables were recorded at their estimated fair values with no allowances as of December 31, 2018.

Note 4 – Mergers and Acquisitions

A.Acquisition of Express Scripts

On December 20, 2018, Cigna acquired Express Scripts through a series of mergers (collectively, the “Merger”). Cigna Holding Company (formerly named Cigna Corporation and referred to as “Old Cigna”) and Express Scripts each merged with and into a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cigna. As a result of these transactions, Cigna became the parent of the combined company. Our 2018 Form 10-K includes detailed disclosures of merger consideration, purchase price allocation and intangible assets identified in this transaction. The purchase price allocation was based on management’s preliminary estimates of their fair values and may change as additional information becomes available before being finalized during the fourth quarter of 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were immaterial changes to the purchase price allocation.

B.Integration and Transaction-related Costs

The Company incurred integration and transaction costs related to Express Scripts, the terminated merger with Anthem, Inc. (“Anthem”) and other transactions of $114 million pre-tax ($88 million after-tax) for the three months and $405 million pre-tax ($311

million after-tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared with $128 million pre-tax ($108 million after-tax) for the three months and $318 million pre-tax ($267 million after-tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. These costs consisted primarily of certain projects to integrate the Company’s systems, products and services, fees for legal, advisory and other professional services, and certain employment-related costs. Costs in 2018 also included amortization of certain financing fees and interest expense on the debt issued in the third quarter of 2018 to fund the Express Scripts merger, net of investment income earned on proceeds of the debt issuance.

Note 5 – Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)

Basic and diluted earnings per share were computed as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2019						September 30, 2018
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions, except per share amounts)			Effect of						Effect of
	Basic		Dilution		Diluted		Basic		Dilution		Diluted
Shareholders’ net income	$	1,351			$	1,351	$	772			$	772
Shares:
Weighted average		374,842				374,842		242,577				242,577
Common stock equivalents				3,479		3,479				3,535		3,535
Total shares		374,842		3,479		378,321		242,577		3,535		246,112
EPS	$	3.60	$	(0.03)	$	3.57	$	3.18	$	(0.04)	$	3.14

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019						September 30, 2018
(Shares in thousands, dollars in millions, except per share amounts)			Effect of						Effect of
	Basic		Dilution		Diluted		Basic		Dilution		Diluted
Shareholders’ net income	$	4,127			$	4,127	$	2,493			$	2,493
Shares:
Weighted average		377,381				377,381		242,404				242,404
Common stock equivalents				3,710		3,710				3,343		3,343
Total shares		377,381		3,710		381,091		242,404		3,343		245,747
EPS	$	10.94	$	(0.11)	$	10.83	$	10.28	$	(0.14)	$	10.14

The following outstanding employee stock options were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect was anti-dilutive.

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
(In millions)	2019	2018	2019	2018
Anti-dilutive options	3.6	0.9	3.9	0.9

The Company held approximately 10.4 million shares of common stock in treasury at September 30, 2019, and 52.6 million as of September 30, 2018.

Note 6 – Debt

The outstanding amounts of debt and finance leases were as follows:

		September 30,		December 31,
(In millions)	Issuer	2019		2018
Short-term debt
Current maturities: $1,000 million, 2.25% Senior Notes	Express Scripts	$	-	$	995
Current maturities: $337 million, 7.25% Senior Notes	ESI ⁽¹⁾		-		343
Current maturities: $1,000 million, Floating Rate Notes due 2020	Cigna		998		-
Current maturities: $300 million, 5.125% Notes due 2020	Old Cigna		300		-
Current maturities: $1,750 million, 3.2% Notes due 2020	Cigna		1,748		-
Current maturities: $500 million, 4.125% Senior Notes due 2020	Medco ⁽¹⁾		503		-
Commercial paper	Old Cigna/Cigna		1,140		1,500
Other, including finance leases	Other		23		117
Total short-term debt		$	4,712	$	2,955
Long-term uncollateralized debt
Cigna debt (issued to finance acquisition)
$1,000 million, Floating Rate Notes due 2020	Cigna	$	-	$	997
$1,750 million, 3.2% Notes due 2020	Cigna		-		1,743
$1,000 million, Floating Rate Notes due 2021	Cigna		997		996
$1,250 million, 3.4% Notes due 2021	Cigna		1,246		1,245
$1,000 million, Floating Rate Term Loan due 2021	Cigna		999		2,997
$700 million, Floating Rate Notes due 2023	Cigna		698		697
$3,100 million, 3.75% Notes due 2023	Cigna		3,087		3,085
$2,200 million, 4.125% Notes due 2025	Cigna		2,188		2,187
$3,800 million, 4.375% Notes due 2028	Cigna		3,775		3,774
$2,200 million, 4.8% Notes due 2038	Cigna		2,178		2,178
$3,000 million, 4.9% Notes due 2048	Cigna		2,964		2,964
Express Scripts debt (assumed in acquisition)
$500 million, 4.125% Senior Notes due 2020	Medco ⁽¹⁾		-		506
$500 million, 2.6% Senior Notes due 2020	Express Scripts		496		493
$400 million, Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2020	Express Scripts		400		399
$500 million, 3.3% Senior Notes due 2021	Express Scripts		499		499
$1,250 million, 4.75% Senior Notes due 2021	Express Scripts		1,276		1,285
$1,000 million, 3.9% Senior Notes due 2022	Express Scripts		999		998
$500 million, 3.05% Senior Notes due 2022	Express Scripts		485		481
$1,000 million, 3% Senior Notes due 2023	Express Scripts		965		959
$1,000 million, 3.5% Senior Notes due 2024	Express Scripts		970		966
$1,500 million, 4.5% Senior Notes due 2026	Express Scripts		1,507		1,508
$1,500 million, 3.4% Senior Notes due 2027	Express Scripts		1,396		1,386
$449 million, 6.125% Senior Notes due 2041	Express Scripts		492		493
$1,500 million, 4.8% Senior Notes due 2046	Express Scripts		1,465		1,465
Old Cigna debt (pre-acquisition)
$300 million, 5.125% Notes due 2020	Old Cigna		-		298
$250 million, 4.375% Notes due 2020	Old Cigna		249		248
$78 million, 6.37% Notes due 2021	Other		78		78
$300 million, 4.5% Notes due 2021	Old Cigna		298		297
$750 million, 4% Notes due 2022	Old Cigna		747		746
$100 million, 7.65% Notes due 2023	Old Cigna		100		100
$17 million, 8.3% Notes due 2023	Old Cigna		17		17
$900 million, 3.25% Notes due 2025	Old Cigna		895		895
$600 million, 3.05% Notes due 2027	Old Cigna		595		595
$259 million, 7.875% Debentures due 2027	Old Cigna		259		259
$45 million, 8.3% Step Down Notes due 2033	Old Cigna		45		45
$191 million, 6.15% Notes due 2036	Old Cigna		190		190
$121 million, 5.875% Notes due 2041	Old Cigna		119		119
$317 million, 5.375% Notes due 2042	Old Cigna		315		315
$1,000 million, 3.875% Notes due 2047	Old Cigna		988		988
Other, including finance leases	Other		64		32
Total long-term debt		$	34,041	$	39,523
(1) Express Scripts, Inc. is identified as ESI. Medco Health Solutions, Inc. is identified as Medco.

Notes issued to fund the Express Scripts acquisition. In the third quarter of 2018, the Company issued private placement Notes with registration rights to finance the Express Scripts acquisition. Total proceeds were approximately $20.0 billion. Interest on this debt is

generally paid semi-annually except for quarterly interest payments on the floating rate notes. We completed an exchange offer to register such debt in the third quarter of 2019.

Exchange offer for legacy Notes. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company settled an exchange of approximately $12.6 billion of Notes issued by Express Scripts, Medco and Old Cigna for Notes issued by Cigna with the same interest rates and maturities and comparable other terms. The Company entered into this exchange to simplify its capital structure. Interest on this debt is generally paid semi-annually. This exchange is not reflected in the table above as it was completed subsequent to September 30, 2019. The effect of the exchange is not expected to be material to the Company’s results of operations.

Term Loan Credit Agreement. Cigna borrowed $3.0 billion under its Term Loan Credit Agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”) to finance the Merger and to pay fees and expenses of the Merger. The Term Loan Credit Agreement contains customary covenants and restrictions, including a financial covenant that Cigna’s leverage ratio may not exceed 60%. There is no remaining amount available for borrowing under this agreement. During the first nine months of 2019, the Company repaid $2.0 billion principal of the term loan.

Revolving Credit Agreement. Cigna has a Revolving Credit and Letter of Credit Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”) that matures on April 6, 2023 and is diversified among 23 banks.

Cigna can borrow up to $3.25 billion for general corporate purposes, with up to $500 million available for issuance of letters of credit, net of $21 million of letters of credit outstanding under the Revolving Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2019. The Revolving Credit Agreement also includes an option to increase the facility amount up to $500 million and an option to extend the termination date for additional one-year periods, subject to consent of the banks.

The Revolving Credit Agreement contains customary covenants and restrictions including a financial covenant that the Company’s leverage ratio may not exceed 60%.

Cigna is the borrower under the Revolving Credit Agreement and the Term Loan Credit Agreement and certain subsidiaries of Cigna may be required to guarantee these obligations under certain circumstances.

In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company entered into an additional 364-day revolving credit agreement that matures in October 2020 and is diversified among 23 banks. Pursuant to this revolving credit agreement, Cigna can borrow up to $1.0 billion for general corporate purposes. The agreement includes the option to “term out” any revolving loans that are outstanding at maturity by converting them into a term loan maturing on the one-year anniversary of conversion.

Commercial Paper. The commercial paper program had approximately $1.1 billion outstanding at September 30, 2019 at an average interest rate of 2.26%.

The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of September 30, 2019.

Note 7 – Insurance and Contractholder Liabilities

A. Account Balances – Insurance and Contractholder Liabilities

As of September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018, the Company’s insurance and contractholder liabilities were comprised of the following:

		September 30, 2019						December 31, 2018					September 30, 2018
(In millions)		Current		Non-current		Total		Current		Non-current		Total		Total
Contractholder deposit funds	$	611	$	7,178	$	7,789	$	641	$	7,365	$	8,006	$	8,069
Future policy benefits		646		9,162		9,808		740		8,981		9,721		9,652
Unpaid claims and claim expenses
Integrated Medical		3,051		10		3,061		2,678		19		2,697		2,720
Other segments		2,479		3,378		5,857		2,394		3,230		5,624		5,494
Unearned premiums		393		362		755		348		379		727		683
Total insurance and contractholder liabilities	$	7,180	$	20,090	$	27,270	$	6,801	$	19,974	$	26,775	$	26,618

Insurance and contractholder liabilities expected to be paid within one year are classified as current.

B. Unpaid Claims and Claim Expenses – Integrated Medical

This liability reflects estimates of the ultimate cost of claims that have been incurred but not reported, including expected development on reported claims, those that have been reported but not yet paid (reported claims in process), and other medical care expenses and services payable that are primarily comprised of accruals for incentives and other amounts payable to health care professionals and facilities. This liability no longer includes amounts from the international health care business now reported in International Markets following our change in segment reporting in the fourth quarter of 2018. The prior year presentation has been updated to reflect this segment change.

The total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims, including reported claims in process, was $2.8 billion at September 30, 2019 and $2.5 billion at September 30, 2018.

Activity in the unpaid claims liability for the Integrated Medical segment for the nine months ended September 30 was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018
Beginning balance	$	2,697	$	2,420
Less: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable		264		262
Beginning balance, net		2,433		2,158
Incurred costs related to:
Current year		18,169		15,831
Prior years		(159)		(158)
Total incurred		18,010		15,673
Paid costs related to:
Current year		15,555		13,593
Prior years		2,160		1,754
Total paid		17,715		15,347
Ending balance, net		2,728		2,484
Add: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable		333		236
Ending balance	$	3,061	$	2,720

Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable reflect amounts due from reinsurers and policyholders to cover incurred but not reported and pending claims for certain business for which the Company administers the plan benefits without any right of offset. See Note 8 for additional information on reinsurance.

Variances in incurred costs related to prior years’ unpaid claims and claims expenses that resulted from the differences between actual experience and the Company’s key assumptions were as follows for the nine months ended September 30:

	Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in millions)	September 30, 2019			September 30, 2018
		$	%⁽¹⁾			$	%⁽²⁾
Actual completion factors	$	87	0.4	%	$	79	0.4	%
Medical cost trend		72	0.3			70	0.4
Other		-	-			9	-
Total favorable variance	$	159	0.7	%	$	158	0.8	%

(1) Percentage of current year incurred costs as reported for the year ended December 31, 2018.
(2) Percentage of current year incurred costs as reported for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Incurred costs related to prior years in the table above, although adjusted through shareholders’ net income, do not directly correspond to an increase or decrease to shareholders’ net income. The primary reason for this difference is that decreases to prior year incurred costs pertaining to the portion of the liability established for moderately adverse conditions are not considered as impacting shareholders’ net income if they are offset by increases in the current year provision for moderately adverse conditions.

Prior year development increased shareholders’ net income by $68 million ($86 million before-tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared with $70 million ($89 million before-tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Favorable prior year development in both periods reflects lower than expected utilization of medical services.

C. Unpaid Claims and Claim Expenses – International Markets and Group Disability and Other

This liability now includes amounts from international health care following our change in segment reporting in 2018 as discussed in Note 1. The prior year presentation has been updated to reflect this segment change.

Liability balance details. The liability details for unpaid claims and claim expenses are as follows:

(In millions)	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Group Disability and Other
Group Disability and Life	$	4,887	$	4,584
Other Operations		189		179
Total Group Disability and Other		5,076		4,763
International Markets		781		731
Unpaid claims and claim expenses Group Disability and Other and International Markets	$	5,857	$	5,494

Activity in the Company’s liabilities for unpaid claims and claim expenses, excluding Other Operations, are presented in the following table. Liabilities associated with Other Operations are excluded because they pertain to obligations for long-duration insurance contracts or, if short-duration, the liabilities have been fully reinsured.

	Nine Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2018
Beginning balance	$	5,432	$	5,274
Less: Reinsurance		156		140
Beginning balance, net		5,276		5,134
Incurred claims related to:
Current year		4,205		4,046
Prior years:
Interest accretion		117		115
All other incurred		(59)		(161)
Total incurred		4,263		4,000
Paid claims related to:
Current year		2,422		2,383
Prior years		1,594		1,561
Total paid		4,016		3,944
Foreign currency		(26)		(16)
Ending balance, net		5,497		5,174
Add: Reinsurance		171		141
Ending balance	$	5,668	$	5,315

Reinsurance in the table above reflects amounts due from reinsurers related to unpaid claims liabilities. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries enter into agreements with other companies primarily to limit losses from large exposures and to permit recovery of a portion of incurred losses. See Note 8 for additional information on reinsurance.

The majority of the liability for unpaid claims and claim expenses is related to disability claims with long-tailed payouts. Interest earned on assets backing these liabilities is an integral part of pricing and reserving. Therefore, interest accreted on prior year balances is shown as a separate component of prior year incurred claims. This interest is calculated by applying the average discount rate used in determining the liability balance to the average liability balance over the period. The remaining prior year incurred claims amount primarily reflects updates to the Company’s liability estimates and variances between actual experience during the period relative to the assumptions and expectations reflected in determining the liability. Assumptions reflect the Company’s expectations over the life of the book of business and will vary from actual experience in any period, both favorably and unfavorably, with variation in resolution rates being the most significant driver for the long-term disability business. Favorable prior year incurred claims for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily reflect favorable long-term disability resolution rate experience relative to expectations reflected in the prior year reserve and favorable reserve development for life, accident and voluntary driven by lower than expected incidence. Favorable prior year incurred claims for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily reflected favorable long-term disability reserve development , including favorable reserve assumption updates driven by changes to resolution rate expectations.

Note 8 – Reinsurance

The Company’s insurance subsidiaries enter into agreements with other insurance companies to assume and cede reinsurance. Reinsurance is ceded primarily in acquisition and disposition transactions when the underwriting company is not being acquired. Reinsurance is also used to limit losses from large exposures and to permit recovery of a portion of direct or assumed losses. Reinsurance does not relieve the originating insurer of liability. Therefore, reinsured liabilities must continue to be reported along with the related reinsurance recoverables. The Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and monitors concentrations of its credit risk.

A.Reinsurance Recoverables

The majority of the Company’s reinsurance recoverables resulted from acquisition and disposition transactions in which the underwriting company was not acquired. Components of the Company’s reinsurance recoverables are presented in the following table. The table below includes $289 million as of September 30, 2019 and $297 million as of December 31, 2018 of current reinsurance recoverables that are reported in other current assets.

(Dollars in millions)			September 30,		December 31,		Collateral and Other Terms
	Line of Business	Reinsurer(s)	2019		2018		at September 30, 2019
Ongoing Operations
	Integrated Medical, International Markets, Group Disability, COLI	Various	$	498	$	464	Balances range from less than $1 million up to $66 million. Approximately 70% of the balance is from companies rated as investment grade by Standard & Poor’s.
	Total recoverables related to ongoing operations			498		464
Acquisition, disposition or runoff activities
	Individual Life and Annuity (sold in 1998)	Lincoln National Life and Lincoln Life & Annuity of New York		3,194		3,312	Both companies’ ratings were well above the level that would trigger a contractual obligation to fully secure the outstanding balance.
	GMDB (effectively exited in 2013)	Berkshire		817		893	100% secured by assets in a trust.
	Retirement Benefits Business (sold in 2004)	Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity		729		787	100% secured by assets in a trust.
	Supplemental Benefits Business (2012 acquisition)	Great American Life		244		261	100% secured by assets in a trust.
	Other	Various		81		87	100% secured by assets in a trust or other deposits.
	Total recoverables related to acquisition, disposition or runoff activities			5,065		5,340
Total reinsurance recoverables			$	5,563	$	5,804

The Company bears the risk of loss if its reinsurers and retrocessionaires do not meet or are unable to meet their reinsurance obligations to the Company. The Company reviews its reinsurance arrangements and establishes reserves against the recoverables if recovery is not considered probable.

B. Effects of Reinsurance

In the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income, premiums were reported net of amounts ceded to reinsurers and medical costs and other benefit expenses were reported net of reinsurance recoveries in the following amounts:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Total ceded premiums	$	124	$	113	$	380	$	380
Total reinsurance recoveries	$	180	$	140	$	292	$	300

C.Effective Exit of GMDB and GMIB Business

The Company entered into an agreement with Berkshire to effectively exit the GMDB and GMIB business via a reinsurance transaction in 2013. Berkshire reinsured 100% of the Company’s future claim payments in this business, net of other reinsurance arrangements existing at that time. The reinsurance agreement is subject to an overall limit with approximately $3.3 billion remaining at September 30, 2019.

GMDB is accounted for as reinsurance and GMIB assets and liabilities are reported as derivatives at fair value as discussed below. GMIB assets are reported in other current assets and other assets, and GMIB liabilities are reported in accrued expenses and other liabilities and other non-current liabilities.

GMDB

The GMDB exposure arises under annuities written by ceding companies that guarantee the benefit received at death. The Company’s exposure arises when the guaranteed minimum death benefit exceeds the fair value of the related mutual fund investments at the time of a contractholder’s death.

The following table presents the account value, net amount at risk and the number of contractholders for guarantees assumed by the Company in the event of death. The net amount at risk is the amount that the Company would have to pay if all contractholders died as of the specified date. The Company should be reimbursed in full for these payments unless the Berkshire reinsurance limit is exceeded.

	September 30,		December 31,
(Dollars in millions, excludes impact of reinsurance ceded)	2019		2018
Account value	$	8,804	$	8,402
Net amount at risk	$	1,848	$	2,466
Number of contractholders (estimated)		205,000		220,000

GMIB

The Company reinsured contracts with issuers of GMIB products. The Company’s exposure represents the excess of a contractually guaranteed amount over the level of variable annuity account values. Payment by the Company depends on the actual account value in the related underlying mutual funds and the level of interest rates when the contractholders elect to receive minimum income payments that can only occur within 30 days of a policy anniversary after the appropriate waiting period. The Company has purchased retrocessional coverage (“GMIB assets”) for these contracts including retrocessional coverage from Berkshire.

Assumptions used in fair value measurement. GMIB assets and liabilities are established using capital market assumptions and assumptions related to future annuitant behavior (including mortality, lapse, and annuity election rates). The Company classifies GMIB assets and liabilities in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy described in Note 10 because assumptions related to future annuitant behavior are largely unobservable.

The only assumption expected to impact future shareholders’ net income is non-performance risk. The non-performance risk adjustment reflects a market participant’s view of nonpayment risk by adding an additional spread to the discount rate in the calculation of both (a) the GMIB liabilities to be paid by the Company, and (b) the GMIB assets to be paid by the reinsurers, after considering collateral. The impact of non-performance risk was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

GMIB liabilities totaling $781 million as of September 30, 2019 and $706 million as of December 31, 2018 were reported in accrued expenses and other liabilities and other non-current liabilities. There were three reinsurers covering 100% of the GMIB exposures as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 as follows:

(In millions)
Line of Business	Reinsurer	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		Collateral and Other Terms at September 30, 2019
GMIB	Berkshire	$	376	$	341	100% were secured by assets in a trust.
	Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada		230		208
	Liberty Re (Bermuda) Ltd.		202		184	84% were secured by assets in a trust.
Total GMIB recoverables reported in other current assets and other assets		$	808	$	733

Amounts included in shareholders’ net income for GMIB assets and liabilities were not material for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019 or 2018.

Note 9 – Investments

Cigna’s investment portfolio consists of a broad range of investments including debt and equity securities, commercial mortgage loans, policy loans, other long-term investments, short-term investments and derivative financial instruments. The sections below provide more detail regarding our investment balances, net investment income and realized investment gains and losses. See Note 10 for information about the valuation of the Company’s investment portfolio.


		September 30, 2019						December 31, 2018
(In millions)		Current		Long-term		Total		Current		Long-term		Total
Debt securities	$	1,125	$	23,036	$	24,161	$	1,320	$	21,608	$	22,928
Equity securities		-		288		288		377		171		548
Commercial mortgage loans		21		1,865		1,886		32		1,826		1,858
Policy loans		-		1,352		1,352		-		1,423		1,423
Other long-term investments		-		2,363		2,363		-		1,901		1,901
Short-term investments		225		-		225		316		-		316
Total	$	1,371	$	28,904	$	30,275	$	2,045	$	26,929	$	28,974

A. Investment Portfolio

Debt Securities

The amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity periods for debt securities were as follows at September 30, 2019:

	Amortized		Fair
(In millions)	Cost		Value
Due in one year or less	$	1,125	$	1,132
Due after one year through five years		6,957		7,227
Due after five years through ten years		9,394		9,964
Due after ten years		4,233		5,304
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities		507		534
Total	$	22,216	$	24,161

Actual maturities of these securities could differ from their contractual maturities used in the table above. This could occur because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties.

Gross unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on debt securities by type of issuer is shown below.

	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
(In millions)	Cost		Appreciation		Depreciation		Value
September 30, 2019
Federal government and agency	$	497	$	260	$	-	$	757
State and local government		777		87		-		864
Foreign government		1,961		238		(2)		2,197
Corporate		18,474		1,370		(35)		19,809
Mortgage and other asset-backed		507		29		(2)		534
Total	$	22,216	$	1,984	$	(39)	$	24,161
Investments supporting liabilities of the Company’s run-off settlement annuity business (included in total above)⁽¹⁾	$	2,254	$	808	$	(5)	$	3,057

December 31, 2018
Federal government and agency	$	507	$	204	$	(1)	$	710
State and local government		920		66		(1)		985
Foreign government		2,214		155		(7)		2,362
Corporate		18,403		411		(453)		18,361
Mortgage and other asset-backed		506		16		(12)		510
Total	$	22,550	$	852	$	(474)	$	22,928
Investments supporting liabilities of the Company’s run-off settlement annuity business (included in total above)⁽¹⁾	$	2,264	$	479	$	(40)	$	2,703

(1) Net unrealized appreciation for these investments is excluded from accumulated other comprehensive income.

Review of declines in fair value. Management reviews debt securities with a decline in fair value from cost for impairment based on criteria that include:

length of time and severity of decline;

financial health and specific near term prospects of the issuer;

changes in the regulatory, economic or general market environment of the issuer’s industry or geographic region; and

the Company’s intent to sell or the likelihood of a required sale prior to recovery.

Management believes the unrealized depreciation below to be temporary based on this review, and therefore has not impaired these amounts. The table below summarizes debt securities with a decline in fair value from amortized cost by the length of time these securities have been in an unrealized loss position.

	September 30, 2019							December 31, 2018
	Fair		Amortized		Unrealized		Number	Fair		Amortized		Unrealized		Number
(Dollars in millions)	Value		Cost		Depreciation		of Issues	Value		Cost		Depreciation		of Issues
One year or less
Investment grade	$	506	$	513	$	(7)	165	$	7,127	$	7,367	$	(240)	1,324
Below investment grade	$	254	$	258	$	(4)	470	$	1,185	$	1,240	$	(55)	1,190
More than one year
Investment grade	$	610	$	632	$	(22)	185	$	3,023	$	3,181	$	(158)	784
Below investment grade	$	174	$	180	$	(6)	111	$	249	$	270	$	(21)	245

Commercial Mortgage Loans

Mortgage loans held by the Company are made exclusively to commercial borrowers and are diversified by property type, location and borrower. Loans are generally issued at fixed rates of interest and are secured by high quality, primarily completed and substantially leased operating properties. Commercial mortgage loans are classified as either current or long-term investments based on their contractual maturities.

Credit quality. The Company regularly evaluates and monitors credit risk, beginning with the initial underwriting of a mortgage loan

and continuing throughout the investment holding period. Mortgage origination professionals employ an internal credit quality rating system designed to evaluate the relative risk of the transaction at origination that is then updated each year as part of the annual portfolio loan review. The Company evaluates and monitors credit quality on a consistent and ongoing basis, classifying each loan as a loan in good standing, potential problem loan or problem loan.

Quality ratings are based on our evaluation of a number of key inputs related to the loan, including real estate market-related factors such as rental rates and vacancies, and property-specific inputs such as growth rate assumptions and lease rollover statistics. However, the two most significant contributors to the credit quality rating are the debt service coverage and loan-to-value ratios. The debt service coverage ratio measures the amount of property cash flow available to meet annual interest and principal payments on debt, with a ratio below 1.0 indicating that there is not enough cash flow to cover the required loan payments. The loan-to-value ratio, commonly expressed as a percentage, compares the amount of the loan to the fair value of the underlying property collateralizing the loan.

The following table summarizes the credit risk profile of the Company’s commercial mortgage loan portfolio based on loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

(Dollars in millions)	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
Loan-to-Value Ratio		Carrying Value	Average Debt Service Coverage Ratio	Average Loan-to-Value Ratio		Carrying Value	Average Debt Service Coverage Ratio	Average Loan-to-Value Ratio
Below 60%	$	1,139	2.19		$	1,132	2.14
60% to 79%		638	1.91			650	1.93
80% to 100%		109	1.57			76	1.49
Total	$	1,886	2.06	58%	$	1,858	2.04	58%

The Company’s annual in-depth review of its commercial mortgage loan investments is the primary mechanism for identifying emerging risks in the portfolio. The Company’s investment professionals completed the annual in-depth review in the second quarter of 2019 that included an analysis of each underlying property’s most recent annual financial statements, rent rolls, operating plans, budgets, a physical inspection of the property and other pertinent factors. Based on historical results, current leases, lease expirations and rental conditions in each market, the Company estimated the current year and future stabilized property income and fair value for each loan.

The Company re-evaluates a loan’s credit quality between annual reviews if new property information is received or an event such as delinquency or a borrower’s request for restructure causes management to believe that the Company’s estimate of financial performance, fair value or the risk profile of the underlying property has been impacted.

Impaired commercial mortgage loans. A commercial mortgage loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not collect all amounts due per the terms of the promissory note. Impaired loans are carried at the lower of the unpaid principal balance or fair value of the underlying collateral. Writedowns are recorded in realized investment losses. Interest income on impaired mortgage loans is only recognized when a payment is received.

There were no impaired commercial mortgage loans as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Short-Term Investments and Cash Equivalents

Short-term investments and cash equivalents included the following types of issuers:

		September 30,		December 31,
(In millions)		2019		2018
Corporate securities	$	1,713	$	581
Federal government securities	$	191	$	82
Foreign government securities	$	142	$	238
Money market funds	$	176	$	1,174

B. Realized Investment Gains and Losses

The following realized gains and losses on investments exclude amounts required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business, as well as realized gains and losses attributed to the Company’s separate accounts because those gains and losses generally accrue directly to separate account policyholders.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net realized investment gains (losses), excluding investment asset write-downs	$	60	$	-	$	96	$	(13)
Write-downs on debt securities		(9)		(1)		(12)		(19)
Write-downs on other invested assets		-		1		-		(4)
Net realized investment gains (losses), before income taxes	$	51	$	-	$	84	$	(36)

Net realized investment gains, excluding investment asset write-downs, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily represent gains on the sales of real estate partnerships and debt securities. Net realized investment losses, excluding investment asset write-downs, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 represent mark-to-market losses on equity securities and non-hedge accounted foreign exchange forwards and losses on the sales of debt securities, partially offset by gains on the sales of real estate partnerships. Realized gains or losses on equity securities still held at September 30, 2019 and 2018 were not material.

The following table presents sales information for available-for-sale debt securities. Gross gains on sales and gross losses on sales exclude amounts required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Proceeds from sales	$	591	$	657	$	2,242	$	1,930
Gross gains on sales	$	18	$	5	$	41	$	23
Gross losses on sales	$	(5)	$	(4)	$	(17)	$	(33)

C. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage the characteristics of investment assets (such as duration, yield, currency and liquidity) to meet the varying demands of the related insurance and contract holder liabilities. The Company also uses derivative financial instruments to hedge the risk of changes in the net assets of certain of its foreign subsidiaries due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company has written and purchased GMIB reinsurance contracts in its run-off reinsurance business that are accounted for as freestanding derivatives as discussed in Note 8. Derivatives in the Company’s separate accounts are excluded from the following discussion because associated gains and losses generally accrue directly to separate account policyholders.

Derivative instruments used by the Company typically include foreign currency swap contracts and foreign currency forward contracts. Foreign currency swap contracts periodically exchange cash flows between two currencies for principal and interest. Foreign currency forward contracts require the Company to purchase a foreign currency in exchange for the functional currency of its operating unit at a future date, generally within three months from the contracts’ trade dates.

The Company manages the credit risk of these derivative instruments by diversifying its portfolio among approved dealers of high credit quality and through routine monitoring of credit risk exposures. Certain of the Company’s over-the-counter derivative instruments require either the Company or the counterparty to post collateral or demand immediate payment depending on the amount of the net liability position of the derivative instrument and predefined financial strength or credit rating thresholds. These collateral posting requirements vary by counterparty and amounts posted were not significant as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

Gross fair values of our derivative financial instruments are presented in Note 10. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the effects of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Financial Statements were not material, including gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into shareholders’ net income, as well as amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The following table summarizes the types and notional quantity of derivative instruments held by the Company.


		Notional Value as of
(In millions)		September 30,		December 31,
Type of Instrument	Purpose	2019		2018
Foreign currency swap contracts	Fair value hedge: To hedge the foreign exchange-related changes in fair values of certain foreign-denominated bonds. The notional value of these derivatives matches the amortized cost of the hedged bonds.	$	763	$	525
Foreign currency swap contracts	Net investment hedge: To reduce the risk of changes in net assets due to changes in foreign currency spot exchange rates for certain foreign subsidiaries that conduct their business principally in Euros. The notional value of hedging instruments matches the hedged amount of subsidiary net assets.	$	439	$	439
Foreign currency forward contracts	Economic hedge: To hedge the foreign exchange-related changes in fair values of a U.S. dollar-denominated bond portfolio to reflect the local currency for the Company’s foreign subsidiary in South Korea. The notional value of hedging instruments generally aligns with the fair value of the hedged bond portfolio.	$	407	$	309

The Company’s derivative financial instruments are presented as follows:

Fair value hedges of the foreign exchange-related changes in fair values of certain foreign-denominated bonds: Swap fair values are reported in long-term investments or other non-current liabilities. Changes in fair values attributable to foreign exchange risk of the swap contracts and the hedged bonds are reported in other realized investment gains and losses. The portion of the swap contracts’ changes in fair value excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and recognized in net investment income as swap coupon payments are accrued, offsetting the foreign-denominated coupons received on the designated bonds.

Net investment hedges of certain foreign subsidiaries that conduct their business principally in Euros: The fair values of the swap contracts are reported in other assets or other non-current liabilities. The changes in fair values of these instruments are reported in other comprehensive income, specifically in translation of foreign currencies. The portion of the change in swap fair values relating to foreign exchange spot rates will be recognized in earnings upon deconsolidation of the hedged foreign subsidiaries. The remaining changes in swap fair value are excluded from our effectiveness assessment and recognized in interest expense as swap coupon payments are accrued. The notional value of hedging instruments matches the hedged amount of subsidiary net assets.

Economic hedges for derivatives not designated as accounting hedges: Fair values of forward contracts are reported in current investments or accrued expenses and other liabilities. The changes in fair values are reported in net realized investment gains and losses.

Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements

The Company carries certain financial instruments at fair value in the financial statements including debt securities, certain equity securities, short-term investments and derivatives. Other financial instruments are measured at fair value only under certain conditions, such as when impaired.

Fair value is defined as the price at which an asset could be exchanged in an orderly transaction between market participants at the balance sheet date. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a market participant, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value have been classified based upon a hierarchy defined by GAAP. The hierarchy gives the highest ranking to fair values determined using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to fair values determined using methodologies and models with unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset’s or a liability’s classification is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to its measurement. For example, a financial asset or liability carried at fair value would be classified in Level 3 if unobservable inputs were significant to the instrument’s fair value, even though the measurement may be derived using inputs that are both observable (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable (Level 3).

The Company estimates fair values using prices from third parties or internal pricing methods. Fair value estimates received from third-party pricing services are based on reported trade activity and quoted market prices when available, and other market information that a market participant would use to estimate fair value. The internal pricing methods are performed by the Company’s investment professionals and generally involve using discounted cash flow analyses, incorporating current market inputs for similar financial instruments with comparable terms and credit quality as well as other qualitative factors. In instances where there is little or no market activity for the same or similar instruments, fair value is estimated using methods, models and assumptions that the Company believes a hypothetical market participant would use to determine a current transaction price. These valuation techniques involve some level of estimation and judgment that becomes significant with increasingly complex instruments or pricing models.

The Company is responsible for determining fair value and for assigning the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy based on the significance of unobservable inputs. The Company reviews methodologies, processes and controls of third-party pricing services and compares prices on a test basis to those obtained from other external pricing sources or internal estimates. The Company performs ongoing analyses of both prices received from third-party pricing services and those developed internally to determine that they represent appropriate estimates of fair value. The controls executed by the Company include evaluating changes in prices and monitoring for potentially stale valuations. The Company also performs sample testing of sales values to confirm the accuracy of prior fair value estimates. The minimal exceptions identified during these processes indicate that adjustments to prices are infrequent and do not significantly impact valuations. We conduct an annual on-site visit of the most significant pricing service to review their processes, methodologies and controls. This on-site review includes a walk-through of inputs for a sample of securities held across various asset types to validate the documented pricing process.

A.Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Carried at Fair Value

The following table provides information as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value. Separate account assets are also recorded at fair value on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and are reported separately in the Separate Accounts section below as gains and losses related to these assets generally accrue directly to policyholders.

(In millions)		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)				Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)				Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)				Total
		As of		As of		As of		As of		As of		As of		As of		As of
		September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
		2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Financial assets at fair value
Debt securities
	Federal government and agency	$	193	$	209	$	564	$	501	$	-	$	-	$	757	$	710
	State and local government		-		-		864		985		-		-		864		985
	Foreign government		-		-		2,169		2,356		28		6		2,197		2,362
	Corporate		-		-		19,495		18,127		314		234		19,809		18,361
	Mortgage and other asset-backed		-		-		394		372		140		138		534		510
Total debt securities			193		209		23,486		22,341		482		378		24,161		22,928
Equity securities⁽¹⁾			7		384		79		43		32		32		118		459
Short-term investments			-		-		225		316		-		-		225		316
Derivative assets			-		-		105		53		-		-		105		53
Real estate funds priced at NAV as a practical expedient⁽²⁾															213		239
Financial liabilities at fair value
Derivative liabilities		$	-	$	-	$	10	$	10	$	-	$	-	$	10	$	10
(1) Excludes certain equity securities that have no readily determinable fair value.
(2) As a practical expedient, certain real estate funds are carried at fair value based on the Company’s ownership share of the equity of the investee (Net Asset Value (“NAV“)) including changes in the fair value of its underlying investments. The funds have a quarterly redemption frequency, 45-90 day redemption notice period and $56 million in unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2019.

Level 1 Financial Assets

Inputs for instruments classified in Level 1 include unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets accessible at the measurement date. Active markets provide pricing data for trades occurring at least weekly and include exchanges and dealer markets.

Assets in Level 1 include actively-traded U.S. government bonds and exchange-listed equity securities. A relatively small portion of the Company’s investment assets are classified in this category given the narrow definition of Level 1 and the Company’s investment asset strategy to maximize investment returns.

Level 2 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Inputs for instruments classified in Level 2 include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices from those willing to trade in markets that are not active or other inputs that are market observable or can be corroborated by market data for the term of the instrument. Such other inputs include market interest rates and volatilities, spreads and yield curves. An instrument is classified in Level 2 if the Company determines that unobservable inputs are insignificant.

Debt and equity securities. Approximately 97% of the Company’s investments in debt and equity securities are classified in Level 2 including most public and private corporate debt and hybrid equity securities, federal agency and municipal bonds, non-government mortgage-backed securities and preferred stocks. Third-party pricing services and internal methods often use recent trades of securities with similar features and characteristics because many debt securities do not trade daily. Pricing models are used to determine these prices when recent trades are not available. These models calculate fair values by discounting future cash flows at estimated market interest rates. Such market rates are derived by calculating the appropriate spreads over comparable U.S. Treasury securities based on the credit quality, industry and structure of the asset. Typical inputs and assumptions to pricing models include, but are not limited to, a combination of benchmark yields, reported trades, issuer spreads, liquidity, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data and industry and economic events. For mortgage-backed securities, inputs and assumptions may also include characteristics of the issuer, collateral attributes, prepayment speeds and credit rating.

Nearly all of these instruments are valued using recent trades or pricing models. Less than 1% of the fair value of investments classified in Level 2 represents foreign bonds that are valued using a single, unadjusted market-observable input derived by averaging multiple broker-dealer quotes, consistent with local market practice.

Short-term investments are carried at fair value that approximates cost. The Company compares market prices for these securities to recorded amounts on a regular basis to validate that current carrying amounts approximate exit prices. The short-term nature of the investments and corroboration of the reported amounts over the holding period support their classification in Level 2.

Derivative assets and liabilities classified in Level 2 represent over-the-counter instruments such as foreign currency forward and swap contracts. Fair values for these instruments are determined using market observable inputs including forward currency and interest rate curves and widely published market observable indices. Credit risk related to the counterparty and the Company is considered when estimating the fair values of these derivatives. However, the Company is largely protected by collateral arrangements with counterparties and determined that no adjustments for credit risk were required as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. The nature and use of these derivative financial instruments are described in Note 9.

Level 3 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Certain inputs for instruments classified in Level 3 are unobservable (supported by little or no market activity) and significant to their resulting fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s best estimate of what hypothetical market participants would use to determine a transaction price for the asset or liability at the reporting date.

The Company classifies certain newly-issued, privately-placed, complex or illiquid securities in Level 3. Approximately 2% of debt and equity securities are priced using significant unobservable inputs and classified in this category.

Fair values of mortgage and other asset-backed securities, as well as corporate and government debt securities, are primarily determined using pricing models that incorporate the specific characteristics of each asset and related assumptions including the investment type and structure, credit quality, industry and maturity date in comparison to current market indices, spreads and liquidity of assets with similar characteristics. Inputs and assumptions for pricing may also include characteristics of the issuer, collateral attributes and prepayment speeds for mortgage and other asset-backed securities. Recent trades in the subject security or similar securities are assessed when available, and the Company may also review published research in its evaluation as well as the issuer’s financial statements.

Quantitative Information about Unobservable Inputs

The following table summarizes the fair value and significant unobservable inputs used in pricing the following debt securities that were developed directly by the Company as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The range and weighted average basis point amounts (“bps”) for liquidity and credit spreads (adjustment to discount rates) reflect the Company’s best estimates of the unobservable adjustments a market participant would make to calculate these fair values.

Corporate and government debt securities. The significant unobservable input used to value the following corporate and government debt securities is an adjustment for liquidity. An adjustment is needed to reflect current market conditions and issuer circumstances when there is limited trading activity for the security.

Mortgage and other asset-backed securities. The significant unobservable inputs used to value the following mortgage and other asset-backed securities are liquidity and weighting of credit spreads. An adjustment for liquidity is made as of the measurement date that considers current market conditions, issuer circumstances and complexity of the security structure when there is limited trading activity for the security. An adjustment to weight credit spreads is needed to value a more complex bond structure with multiple underlying collateral and no standard market valuation technique. The weighting of credit spreads is primarily based on the underlying collateral’s characteristics and their proportional cash flows supporting the bond obligations.

	Fair Value as of					Unobservable Adjustment Range (Weighted Average) as of
	September 30,		December 31,		Unobservable Input	September 30,	December 31,
(Fair value in millions )	2019		2018		September 30, 2019	2019	2018
Debt securities
Corporate and government debt securities	$	342	$	229	Liquidity	70 - 930 (280) bps	50 - 930 (230) bps
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities		140		138	Liquidity	60 - 360 (70) bps	60 - 340 (70) bps
					Weighting of credit spreads	250 - 460 (340) bps	190 - 340 (260) bps
Securities not priced by the Company ⁽¹⁾		-		11
Total Level 3 debt securities	$	482	$	378

(1) The fair values for these securities use single, unadjusted non-binding broker quotes not developed directly by the Company.

Significant increases in liquidity or credit spreads would result in lower fair value measurements while decreases in these inputs would result in higher fair value measurements. The unobservable inputs are generally not interrelated and a change in the assumption used for one unobservable input is not accompanied by a change in the other unobservable input.

Changes in Level 3 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Carried at Fair Value

The following tables summarize the changes in financial assets and financial liabilities classified in Level 3 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Gains and losses reported in these tables may include net changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs.

Debt and Equity Securities
	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018
Balance at July 1,	$	431	$	528
Total (losses) included in shareholders’ net income		(6)		-
Gains included in other comprehensive income		4		2
Gains (losses) required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities⁽¹⁾		1		(2)
Purchases, sales and settlements
Purchases		10		3
Sales		-		-
Settlements		(6)		(14)
Total purchases, sales and settlements		4		(11)
Transfers into/(out of) Level 3
Transfers into Level 3		80		24
Transfers out of Level 3		-		(73)
Total transfers into/(out of) Level 3		80		(49)
Balance at September 30,	$	514	$	468
Total (losses) included in shareholders' net income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date	$	(6)	$	(1)

(1) Amounts do not accrue to shareholders.


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018
Balance at January 1,	$	410	$	732
Total (losses) included in shareholders’ net income		(7)		(21)
Gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income		16		(8)
Gains (losses) required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities⁽¹⁾		3		(8)
Purchases, sales and settlements
Purchases		53		19
Sales		-		(11)
Settlements		(16)		(29)
Total purchases, sales and settlements		37		(21)
Transfers into/(out of) Level 3
Transfers into Level 3		113		44
Transfers out of Level 3 ⁽²⁾		(58)		(250)
Total transfers into/(out of) Level 3		55		(206)
Balance at September 30,	$	514	$	468
Total (losses) included in shareholders’ net income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date	$	(8)	$	(9)

(1) Amounts do not accrue to shareholders.
(2) Beginning in 2018, certain private equity securities are no longer carried at fair value under the policy election of ASU 2016-01 (Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities). Private equity securities of $70 million as of December 31, 2017 are included in the 2018 Transfers out of Level 3 amount.

Total gains and losses included in shareholders’ net income in the tables above are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income as realized investment gains (losses) and net investment income.

Gains and losses included in other comprehensive income in the tables above are reflected in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on securities in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Transfers into or out of the Level 3 category occur when unobservable inputs, such as the Company’s best estimate of what a market participant would use to determine a current transaction price, become more or less significant to the fair value measurement. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 during 2019 and 2018 primarily reflected changes in liquidity and credit risk estimates for certain private placement issuers across several sectors. As noted above, transfers out of Level 3 during 2018 also included $70 million of private equity securities that are no longer carried at fair value.

Separate Accounts

The investment income and fair value gains and losses of separate account assets generally accrue directly to the contractholders and, together with their deposits and withdrawals, are excluded from the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and Cash Flows. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the 2018 Form 10-K for additional policy information related to separate accounts.

Fair values of separate account assets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

(In millions)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)				Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)				Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)				Total
	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Guaranteed separate accounts (See Note 16)	$	212	$	187	$	267	$	267	$	-	$	-	$	479	$	454
Non-guaranteed separate accounts ⁽¹⁾		1,400		1,204		5,487		5,216		241		233		7,128		6,653
Subtotal	$	1,612	$	1,391	$	5,754	$	5,483	$	241	$	233		7,607		7,107
Non-guaranteed separate accounts priced at NAV as a practical expedient⁽¹⁾														726		732
Total separate account assets													$	8,333	$	7,839

(1) Non-guaranteed separate accounts included $4.0 billion as of September 30, 2019 and $3.8 billion as of December 31, 2018 in assets supporting the Company’s pension plans, including $0.2 billion classified in Level 3 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Separate account assets classified as Level 1 primarily include exchange-listed equity securities. Level 2 assets primarily include:

corporate and structured bonds valued using recent trades of similar securities or pricing models that discount future cash flows at estimated market interest rates as described above; and

actively-traded institutional and retail mutual fund investments.

Separate account assets classified in Level 3 primarily support Cigna’s pension plans and include commercial mortgage loans as well as certain newly-issued, privately-placed, complex, or illiquid securities that are priced using methods discussed above.Activity, including transfers into and out of Level 3, was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Separate account investments in securities partnerships, real estate, and hedge funds are generally valued based on the separate account’s ownership share of the equity of the investee (NAV as a practical expedient) including changes in the fair values of its underlying investments. Substantially all of these assets support the Cigna Pension Plans. The following table provides additional information on these investments.

						Unfunded
						Commitments	Redemption Frequency
	Fair Value as of					as of	(if currently	Redemption Notice
(In millions)	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019	eligible)	Period
Securities partnerships	$	500	$	477	$	349	Not applicable	Not applicable
Real estate funds		222		237		-	Quarterly	30 - 90 days
Hedge funds		4		18		-	Up to annually, varying by fund	30 - 90 days
Total	$	726	$	732	$	349

As of September 30, 2019, the Company does not have plans to sell any of these assets at less than fair value. These investments are structured to satisfy longer-term investment objectives. Securities partnerships are contractually unredeemable, and the underlying investment assets are expected to be liquidated by the investees within ten years after inception.

B.Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value under Certain Conditions

Some financial assets and liabilities are not carried at fair value each reporting period, but may be measured using fair value only under certain conditions such as investments when they become impaired, including investment real estate and commercial mortgage loans, and certain equity securities with no readily determinable fair value. Equity securities with no readily determinable fair value are also measured at fair value when there are observable price changes from orderly transactions with the same issuer. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were immaterial gains relating to price changes for equity securities with no readily determinable fair value and no impaired investments written down to their fair values. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were immaterial realized investment losses resulting from impairments on these assets, and no price changes for the equity securities with no readily determinable fair value. Carrying values represented less than 1% of total investments for both 2019 and 2018.

C.Fair Value Disclosures for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The following table includes the Company’s financial instruments not recorded at fair value that are subject to fair value disclosure requirements at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. In addition to universal life products and finance leases, financial instruments that are carried in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements at amounts that approximate fair value are excluded from the following table.

			September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
(In millions)	Classification in Fair Value Hierarchy		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
Commercial mortgage loans	Level 3	$	1,938	$	1,886	$	1,832	$	1,858
Long-term debt, including current maturities, excluding finance leases	Level 2	$	40,103	$	37,526	$	40,819	$	40,829

Fair values of off-balance sheet financial instruments were not material as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Note 11 – Variable Interest Entities

When the Company becomes involved with a variable interest entity and when there is a change in the Company’s involvement with an entity, the Company must determine if it is the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the entity. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary if it has the power to direct the entity’s most significant economic activities and has the right to receive benefits or obligation to absorb losses that could be significant to the entity. The Company evaluates the following criteria:

the structure and purpose of the entity;

the risks and rewards created by, and shared through, the entity; and

the Company’s ability to direct its activities, receive its benefits and absorb its losses relative to the other parties involved with the entity including its sponsors, equity holders, guarantors, creditors and servicers.

The Company determined it was not a primary beneficiary in any material variable interest entities as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. The Company’s involvement in variable interest entities for which it is not the primary beneficiary is described below.

Securities limited partnerships and real estate limited partnerships. The Company owns interests in securities limited partnerships and real estate limited partnerships that are defined as variable interest entities. These partnerships invest in the equity or mezzanine debt of privately-held companies and real estate properties. General partners unaffiliated with the Company control decisions that most significantly impact the partnership’s operations and the limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from these entities of $3.5 billion across approximately 140 limited partnerships as of September 30, 2019 includes $1.8 billion reported in long-term investments and commitments to contribute an additional $1.7 billion. The Company’s noncontrolling interest in each of these limited partnerships is generally less than 15% of the partnership ownership interests.

Other asset-backed and corporate securities. In the normal course of its investing activities, the Company also makes passive investments in certain asset-backed and corporate securities that are issued by variable interest entities whose sponsors or issuers are unaffiliated with the Company. The Company receives fixed-rate cash flows from these investments and the maximum potential exposure to loss is limited to the carrying amount of $0.6 billion as of September 30, 2019 that is reported in debt securities. The Company’s combined ownership interests are insignificant relative to the total principal amounts issued by these entities.

The Company is involved with various other variable interest entities with immaterial carrying values and maximum exposures to loss.

The Company has not provided, and does not intend to provide, financial support to any of the above entities that it is not contractually required to provide. The Company performs ongoing qualitative analyses of its involvement with these variable interest entities to determine if consolidation is required.

Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”)

AOCI includes the Company’s share from entities accounted for using the equity method. AOCI excludes amounts required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business and a portion of deferred acquisition costs associated with the corporate-owned life insurance business. Generally, tax effects in AOCI are established at the currently enacted tax rate and reclassified to net income in the same period that the related pre-tax AOCI reclassifications are recognized. Changes in the components of AOCI were as follows:

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,
(In millions)		2019		2018		2019		2018
Securities and Derivatives
Beginning balance	$	803	$	(50)	$	18	$	328
Reclassification adjustment to retained earnings related to U.S. tax reform legislation⁽¹⁾		-		-		-		65
Reclassification adjustment to retained earnings related to new financial instruments guidance⁽¹⁾		-		-		-		(4)
Reclassification adjustment from retained earnings related to new hedging guidance⁽¹⁾		-		-		-		(6)
Adjusted beginning balance		803		(50)		18		383
Appreciation (depreciation) on securities and derivatives		298		4		1,305		(567)
Tax (expense) benefit		(68)		(1)		(284)		115
Net appreciation (depreciation) on securities and derivatives		230		3		1,021		(452)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in shareholders’ net income (net realized investment (gains) losses)		(10)		(1)		(17)		27
Tax (expense)		3		-		4		(6)
Net losses (gains) reclassified from AOCI to net income		(7)		(1)		(13)		21
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		223		2		1,008		(431)
Ending balance	$	1,026	$	(48)	$	1,026	$	(48)

Translation of foreign currencies
Beginning balance	$	(285)	$	(176)	$	(221)	$	(65)
Reclassification adjustment to retained earnings related to U.S. tax reform legislation⁽¹⁾		-		-		-		(4)
Adjusted beginning balance		(285)		(176)		(221)		(69)
Translation of foreign currencies		(125)		(31)		(188)		(136)
Tax (expense) benefit		(3)		2		(4)		-
Net translation of foreign currencies		(128)		(29)		(192)		(136)
Ending balance	$	(413)	$	(205)	$	(413)	$	(205)

Postretirement benefits liability
Beginning balance	$	(1,483)	$	(1,617)	$	(1,508)	$	(1,345)
Reclassification adjustment to retained earnings related to U.S. tax reform legislation⁽¹⁾		-		-		-		(290)
Adjusted beginning balance		(1,483)		(1,617)		(1,508)		(1,635)
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior service costs (interest expense and other)		16		19		47		53
Reclassification adjustment for settlement (interest expense and other)		-		-		10		-
Tax benefit (expense)		(3)		(6)		(12)		(13)
Net adjustments reclassified from AOCI to net income		13		13		45		40
Valuation update		(1)		-		(9)		(12)
Tax (expense) benefit		-		-		1		3
Net change due to valuation update		(1)		-		(8)		(9)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		12		13		37		31
Ending balance	$	(1,471)	$	(1,604)	$	(1,471)	$	(1,604)

(1) See Note 2 in Cigna’s 2018 Form 10-K for further information about the Company’s adoption of new accounting standards in 2018.

Note 13 – Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

A.About our Plans

Pension plans. Future benefit accruals for the Company’s domestic defined benefit pension plans are frozen. The Company also has foreign pension and other postretirement benefit plans that are immaterial to our results of operations, liquidity and financial position.

Other postretirement benefit plans. The Company’s postretirement medical plan was frozen in 2013. The Company also offers certain postretirement life insurance benefits through various plans.

B.Cost of Our Plans

Net pension and other postretirement benefits cost was as follows:

	Pension Benefits								Other Postretirement Benefits
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				September 30,				September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Service cost	$	-	$	-	$	1	$	1	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Interest cost		49		42		146		126		2		2		6		6
Expected long-term return on plan assets		(61)		(64)		(184)		(192)		-		-		-		-
Amortization of:
Net loss from past experience		17		19		49		54		-		1		-		1
Prior service cost		-		-		-		-		(1)		(1)		(2)		(2)
Litigation settlement - plan amendment		-		-		142		-		-		-		-		-
Settlement loss		-		-		10		-		-		-		-		-
Net (benefit) cost	$	5	$	(3)	$	164	$	(11)	$	1	$	2	$	4	$	5

As further discussed in Note 16, Old Cigna and the Cigna Pension Plan (the “Plan”) are defendants in a class action lawsuit related to the Plan’s conversion of certain employees from an annuity to a cash balance benefit in 1997. In the first quarter of 2019, the Plan implemented the court order described in Note 16 resulting in an increase to the pension liability of $142 million. The Company reversed a litigation reserve for this matter in the same amount resulting in no impact on net income.

Pension and other postretirement benefits expense, including reversal of the litigation reserve discussed above, is reported in “interest expense and other” in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company made immaterial contributions to the domestic qualified pension plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. No contributions to these plans are expected for the remainder of 2019.

Note 14 – Leases

As discussed in Note 2, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases, as of January 1, 2019. As permitted by the standard, the Company did not restate its Consolidated Financial Statements for periods prior to the adoption date and the required disclosures presented below are prospective from the date of adoption forward. The Company’s operating leases are primarily for office space and certain computer and other equipment, and have terms ranging from one month to 18 years.

Accounting policy. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease and its lease classification (operating or finance) at inception. Beginning in the first quarter of 2019, both operating and finance leases result in (1) a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset that represents our right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and (2) a lease liability that represents our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are reflected in the following lines in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet:

	ROU Asset	Current Lease Liability	Non-Current Lease Liability
Operating lease	Other assets	Accrued expenses and other liabilities (current)	Other liabilities (non-current)
Finance lease	Property and equipment	Short-term debt	Long-term debt

These lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, so the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU asset also includes any lease pre-payments made and excludes lease incentives for operating leases. The Company’s expected life of a lease may include options to extend or terminate a lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components that are accounted for as a single lease component. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and represent amounts that are not fixed in nature, such as maintenance and other services provided by the lessor, and are not tied to an index or rate.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
(In millions)		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Operating lease costs	$	45	$	139
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of ROU assets		6		20
Interest on lease liabilities		-		2
Total finance lease costs		6		22
Variable lease costs		13		36
Total lease costs	$	64	$	197

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

		Nine Months Ended
(In millions)		September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	126
Operating cash outflows from finance leases	$	2
Financing cash outflows from finance leases	$	17

ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	70
Finance leases	$	60

Operating and finance lease ROU assets and lease liabilities were as follows at the balance sheet date:

(In millions)		September 30, 2019
Operating leases:
Operating lease ROU assets	$	565

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	162
Other non-current liabilities		495
Total operating lease liabilities	$	657

Finance leases:
Property and equipment, gross	$	105
Accumulated depreciation		(17)
Property and equipment, net	$	88

Short-term debt	$	23
Long-term debt		64
Total finance lease liabilities	$	87

As of September 30, 2019, the weighted average remaining lease term was 5 years for operating leases and 5 years for finance leases, and the weighted average discount rate was 3.92% for operating leases and 3.84% for finance leases.

Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 were as follows:

(In millions)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2019	$	47	$	9
2020		177		25
2021		149		17
2022		129		16
2023		88		8
Thereafter		137		22
Total lease payments		727		97
Less: imputed interest		70		10
Total	$	657	$	87

Disclosures regarding minimum lease payments under previous lease accounting guidance can be found in the Company’s 2018 Form 10-K.

Note 15 – Income Taxes

A.Income Tax Expense

The 22.1% effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was lower than the 25.5% rate for the same period in 2018. The decline was primarily due to suspension of the non-deductible health insurance industry tax and incremental state tax benefits.

B.Uncertain Tax Positions and Other Tax Matters

The net changes in uncertain tax positions for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were immaterial.

Note 16 – Contingencies and Other Matters

The Company, through its subsidiaries, is contingently liable for various guarantees provided in the ordinary course of business.

A.Financial Guarantees: Retiree and Life Insurance Benefits

The Company guarantees that separate account assets will be sufficient to pay certain life insurance or retiree benefits. For the majority of these benefits, the sponsoring employers are primarily responsible for ensuring that assets are sufficient to pay these benefits and are required to maintain assets that exceed a certain percentage of benefit obligations. If employers fail to do so, the Company or an affiliate of the buyer of the retirement benefits business (Prudential Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company or “Prudential”) has the right to redirect the management of the related assets to provide for benefit payments. As of September 30, 2019, employers maintained assets that exceeded the benefit obligations under these arrangements of approximately $455 million. These guarantees are generally provided by the Company with minimal reinsurance from third parties. An additional liability is established if management believes that the Company will be required to make payments under the guarantees; there were no additional liabilities required for these guarantees, net of reinsurance, as of September 30, 2019. Separate account assets supporting these guarantees are classified in Levels 1 and 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy (see Note 10).

The Company does not expect that these financial guarantees will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.

B.Certain Other Guarantees

The Company had indemnification obligations as of September 30, 2019 in connection with acquisition and disposition transactions. These indemnification obligations are triggered by the breach of representations or covenants provided by the Company, such as representations for the presentation of financial statements, the filing of tax returns, compliance with law or the identification of outstanding litigation. These obligations are typically subject to various time limitations, defined by the contract or by operation of law, such as statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum potential amount due is subject to contractual limitations based on a percentage of the transaction purchase price, while in other cases limitations are not specified or applicable. The Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under these obligations because not all amounts due under these indemnification obligations are subject to limitation. There were no liabilities for these indemnification obligations as of September 30, 2019.

C.Guaranty Fund Assessments

The Company operates in a regulatory environment that may require its participation in assessments under state insurance guaranty association laws. The Company’s exposure to assessments for certain obligations of insolvent insurance companies to policyholders and claimants is based on its share of business written in the relevant jurisdictions.

There were no material impacts related to existing or new guaranty fund assessments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

D. Legal and Regulatory Matters

The Company is routinely involved in numerous claims, lawsuits, regulatory inquiries and audits, government investigations, including under the federal False Claims Act and state false claims acts initiated by a government investigating body or by a qui tam relator’s filing of a complaint under court seal, and other legal matters arising, for the most part, in the ordinary course of managing a global health service business. Additionally, the Company has received and is cooperating with subpoenas or similar processes from various governmental agencies requesting information, all arising in the normal course of its business. Disputed tax matters arising from audits by the Internal Revenue Service or other state and foreign jurisdictions, including those resulting in litigation, are accounted for under GAAP guidance for uncertain tax positions. Further information on income tax matters can be found in Note 15.

Pending litigation and legal or regulatory matters that the Company has identified with a reasonably possible material loss are described below. When litigation and regulatory matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and estimable, the Company accrues the estimated loss by a charge to shareholders’ net income. The estimated loss is the Company’s best estimate of the probable loss at the time or an amount within a range of estimated losses reflecting the most likely outcome or the minimum amount of the range (if no amount is better than any other estimated amount in the range). For material pending litigation and legal or regulatory matters discussed below, the Company provides disclosure in the aggregate of accruals and range of loss, or a statement that such information cannot be estimated. In light of the uncertainties involved in these matters, there is no assurance that their ultimate resolution will not exceed the amounts currently accrued by the Company. The Company’s accruals for the matters discussed below under “Litigation Matters,” as well as litigation related to certain of the Company’s claim operating practices and disputes

around reimbursement rates to providers, are immaterial. Due to numerous uncertain factors presented in these cases, it is not possible to estimate an aggregate range of loss (if any) for these matters at this time. An adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or liquidity for any particular period. The outcomes of lawsuits are inherently unpredictable, and we may be unsuccessful in these ongoing litigation matters or any future claims or litigation.

Litigation Matters

Amara cash balance pension plan litigation. In December 2001, Janice Amara filed a class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut against Cigna Corporation (now Old Cigna) and the Plan on behalf of herself and other similarly situated Plan participants affected by the 1998 conversion to a cash balance formula. The plaintiffs allege various violations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), including that the Plan’s cash balance formula discriminates against older employees; that the conversion resulted in a wear-away period (when the pre-conversion accrued benefit exceeded the post-conversion benefit); and that the Plan communications contained inaccurate or inadequate disclosures about these conditions.

In 2008, the District Court (1) affirmed the Company’s right to convert to a cash balance plan prospectively beginning in 1998; (2) found for plaintiffs on the disclosure claim only; and (3) required the Company to pay pre-1998 benefits under the pre-conversion traditional annuity formula and post-1997 benefits under the post-conversion cash balance formula. From 2008 through 2015, this case has undergone a series of court proceedings that resulted in the original District Court Order being largely upheld. In 2015, the Company submitted to the District Court its proposed method for calculating the additional pension benefits due to class members and plaintiffs responded in August 2015.

Since then, there has been continued litigation regarding the calculation of benefits, attorneys’ fees, and the administration of the remedy payments. On November 29, 2018, the Court ordered the Pension Plan to pay attorneys’ and incentive fees of $32 million, and to pay any past due lump sums and back benefits within 90 days of the Order. The attorneys’ fees were paid as ordered in December 2018. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company amended the Plan, notified class participants of their increased benefits and commenced remedy benefit payments out of the Plan, including the past due lump sums and back benefits. See Note 13 for additional information.

In April 2019, plaintiffs challenged certain aspects of the methodology used to calculate and pay benefits. In August 2019, the Court denied plaintiffs’ challenge in all but one minor respect which did not result in a material change to the pension obligation. The plaintiffs have filed a motion for reconsideration. If such motion is granted by the Court, the Company and the Plan will continue to vigorously oppose it.

Cigna Litigation with Anthem. In February 2017, the Company delivered a notice to Anthem terminating the 2015 merger agreement, and notifying Anthem that it must pay the Company the $1.85 billion reverse termination fee pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement. Also in February 2017, the Company filed suit against Anthem in the Delaware Court of Chancery (the “Chancery Court”) seeking declaratory judgments that the Company’s termination of the merger agreement was valid and that Anthem was not permitted to extend the termination date. The complaint also sought payment of the reverse termination fee and additional damages in an amount exceeding $13 billion, including the lost premium value to the Company’s shareholders caused by Anthem’s willful breaches of the merger agreement. Anthem has countersued, alleging its own claims for damages.

On February 15, 2017, the Chancery Court granted Anthem’s motion for a temporary restraining order and temporarily enjoined the Company from terminating the merger agreement. In May 2017, the Chancery Court denied Anthem’s motion for a preliminary injunction to enjoin Cigna from terminating the merger agreement but stayed its ruling pending Anthem’s determination as to whether to seek an appeal. Anthem subsequently notified Cigna and the Chancery Court that it did not intend to appeal the Chancery Court’s decision. As a result, the merger agreement was terminated.

The litigation between the parties remains pending. A trial was held during the first quarter of 2019. Oral arguments on post-trial briefs have been scheduled for November 2019 and we expect the judge to issue a decision in the first quarter of 2020. We believe in the merits of our claims and dispute Anthem’s claims, and we intend to vigorously defend ourselves and pursue our claims.

Express Scripts Litigation with Anthem. In March 2016, Anthem filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging various breach of contract claims against Express Scripts relating to the parties’ rights and obligations under the periodic pricing review section of the pharmacy benefit management agreement between the parties including allegations that Express Scripts failed to negotiate new pricing concessions in good faith, as well as various alleged service issues. Anthem also requested that the court enter declaratory judgment that Express Scripts is required to provide Anthem competitive benchmark pricing, that Anthem can terminate the agreement, and that Express Scripts is required to provide Anthem with post-termination services at competitive benchmark pricing for one year following any termination by Anthem. Anthem claims it is entitled to $13 billion in additional pricing concessions over the remaining term of the agreement, as well as $1.8 billion for one year following any contract termination by Anthem and $150 million in damages for service issues (“Anthem’s Allegations”). On April 19, 2016, in response to Anthem’s complaint, Express Scripts filed its answer denying Anthem’s Allegations in their entirety and asserting affirmative defenses and counterclaims against Anthem. The court subsequently granted Anthem’s motion to dismiss two of six counts of Express Scripts’ amended counterclaims. The current scheduling order runs through the completion of summary judgment briefing in September 2020. There is no tentative trial date. We believe in the merits of our claims and dispute Anthem’s claims, and we intend to vigorously defend ourselves and pursue our claims.

Regulatory Matters

Civil Investigative Demand. The U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is conducting an industry-wide investigation of Medicare Advantage organizations’ risk adjustment practices under Medicare Parts C and D including medical chart reviews and health exams. The Company is currently responding to information requests (civil investigative demands) received from the DOJ (U.S. Attorney’s Offices for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and the Southern District of New York). We will continue to cooperate with the DOJ’s investigation.

Disability claims regulatory matter. The Company is subject to an agreement with the Departments of Insurance for Maine, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Connecticut and California (together, the “Lead States”), originally entered into in 2013, that relates to the Company’s long-term disability claims handling practices. The agreement provides for enhanced procedures related to documentation and disposition. Cigna has cooperated fully with the Lead States and we believe we have addressed the requirements of the agreement. The Lead States initiated a re-examination of our practices. Accordingly, the Company may be subject to additional costs, penalties and requests to change its business practices that could negatively impact future earnings for this business.

Note 17 – Condensed Consolidating Financial Information

Effective upon closing of the Merger on December 20, 2018 (see Note 4 for further information) the senior notes issued by Cigna, Old Cigna, Express Scripts, ESI and Medco became jointly and severally and fully and unconditionally (subject to certain customary release provisions, including sale, exchange, transfer or liquidation of the guarantor subsidiary) guaranteed by Cigna, Old Cigna, Express Scripts, ESI and Medco, as applicable. All of the guarantor subsidiaries are 100% owned by Cigna. Details of these debt obligations are presented in Note 6. The following condensed consolidating financial information has been prepared in accordance with the requirements as prescribed by the SEC in Regulation S-X. The condensed consolidating financial information presented below is not indicative of what the financial position, results of operations or cash flows would have been had each of the entities operated as an independent company during the periods for various reasons, including, but not limited to, intercompany transactions and integration of systems.

In the fourth quarter of 2019, as a result of the settlement of an exchange of subsidiary notes for Cigna notes (see Note 6 for further information), certain guarantees of obligations under the notes were released pursuant to the terms of such indebtedness. The release of these guarantees is not reflected in the condensed consolidated financial information below as it occurred subsequent to September 30, 2019.

The condensed consolidating financial information is presented separately for:

(i)Cigna (the Parent Company), guarantor, the issuer of certain guaranteed obligations;

(ii)Old Cigna (former Parent Company), guarantor, the issuer of additional guaranteed obligations;

(iii)Express Scripts, guarantor, the issuer of additional guaranteed obligations;

(iv)ESI, guarantor, the issuer of additional guaranteed obligations through June 15, 2019;

(v)Medco, guarantor through June 15, 2019, the issuer of additional guaranteed obligations;

(vi)Non-guarantor subsidiaries, on a combined basis;

(vii)Consolidating entries and eliminations representing adjustments to (a) eliminate intercompany transactions between or among Cigna, Old Cigna, Express Scripts, ESI, Medco and the non-guarantor subsidiaries, (b) eliminate the investments in our subsidiaries and (c) record consolidating entries; and

(viii)Cigna and subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

(In millions)	Cigna		Old Cigna		Express Scripts Holding Company		Express Scripts, Inc.		Medco Health Solutions, Inc.		Non-Guarantors		Eliminations and Consolidation Adjustments		Consolidated
Revenues
Pharmacy revenues	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	18,726	$	3,165	$	14,328	$	(10,232)	$	25,987
Premiums		-		-		-		-		-		9,935		-		9,935
Fees and other revenues		-		-		-		224		40		7,516		(5,495)		2,285
Net investment income (loss)		-		-		(15)		3		3		358		-		349
Total revenues		-		-		(15)		18,953		3,208		32,137		(15,727)		38,556
Benefits and expenses
Pharmacy and other service costs		-		-		-		17,421		3,004		18,768		(14,641)		24,552
Medical costs and other benefit expenses		-		-		-		1		-		7,728		5		7,734
Selling, general and administrative expenses		-		74		29		991		120		3,290		(1,091)		3,413
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		-		-		-		573		82		79		-		734
Total benefits and expenses		-		74		29		18,986		3,206		29,865		(15,727)		36,433
Income (loss) from operations		-		(74)		(44)		(33)		2		2,272		-		2,123
Interest and other expense		(229)		(57)		(115)		-		(5)		(5)		-		(411)
Intercompany interest income (expense)		(28)		(14)		153		(58)		(38)		(15)		-		-
Net realized investment gains		-		-		-		-		-		51		-		51
Income (loss) before income taxes		(257)		(145)		(6)		(91)		(41)		2,303		-		1,763
Total income tax (benefit) expense		(60)		(21)		(1)		(25)		(14)		530		-		409
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries		(197)		(124)		(5)		(66)		(27)		1,773		-		1,354
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries		1,548		1,083		594		574		115		-		(3,914)		-
Net income		1,351		959		589		508		88		1,773		(3,914)		1,354
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		-		-		-		-		3		-		3
Shareholders' net income	$	1,351	$	959	$	589	$	508	$	88	$	1,770	$	(3,914)	$	1,351
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		107		108		(1)		(1)		-		80		(186)		107
Shareholders' comprehensive income	$	1,458	$	1,067	$	588	$	507	$	88	$	1,850	$	(4,100)	$	1,458

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

(In millions)	Cigna		Old Cigna		Express Scripts Holding Company		Express Scripts, Inc.		Medco Health Solutions, Inc.		Non-Guarantors		Eliminations and Consolidation Adjustments		Consolidated
Revenues
Pharmacy revenues	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	747	$	-	$	747
Premiums		-		-		-		-		-		8,994		-		8,994
Fees and other revenues		-		-		-		-		-		1,361		-		1,361
Net investment income		13		1		-		-		-		341		-		355
Total revenues		13		1		-		-		-		11,443		-		11,457
Benefits and expenses
Pharmacy and other service costs		-		-		-		-		-		602		-		602
Medical costs and other benefit expenses		-		-		-		-		-		6,803		-		6,803
Selling, general and administrative expenses		-		126		-		-		-		2,746		-		2,872
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		-		-		-		-		-		48		-		48
Total benefits and expenses		-		126		-		-		-		10,199		-		10,325
Income (loss) from operations		13		(125)		-		-		-		1,244		-		1,132
Interest and other expense		(33)		(64)		-		-		-		(2)		-		(99)
Intercompany interest income (expense)		-		(16)		-		-		-		16		-		-
Net realized investment (losses)		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Income (loss) before income taxes		(20)		(205)		-		-		-		1,258		-		1,033
Total income tax (benefit) expense		(4)		(35)		-		-		-		298		-		259
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries		(16)		(170)		-		-		-		960		-		774
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries		788		958		-		-		-		-		(1,746)		-
Net income		772		788		-		-		-		960		(1,746)		774
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		-		-		-		-		2		-		2
Shareholders' net income	$	772	$	788	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	958	$	(1,746)	$	772
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax		(14)		(14)		-		-		-		(25)		39		(14)
Shareholders' comprehensive income	$	758	$	774	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	933	$	(1,707)	$	758

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

(In millions)	Cigna		Old Cigna		Express Scripts Holding Company		Express Scripts, Inc.		Medco Health Solutions, Inc.		Non-Guarantors		Eliminations and Consolidation Adjustments		Consolidated
Revenues
Pharmacy revenues	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	55,326	$	10,219	$	43,246	$	(31,337)	$	77,454
Premiums		-		-		-		-		-		29,709		-		29,709
Fees and other revenues		-		-		-		639		133		15,034		(8,683)		7,123
Net investment income (loss)		(8)		-		27		10		8		998		-		1,035
Total revenues		(8)		-		27		55,975		10,360		88,987		(40,020)		115,321
Benefits and expenses
Pharmacy and other service costs		-		-		-		51,444		9,670		49,388		(36,937)		73,565
Medical costs and other benefit expenses		-		-		-		1		-		22,960		(31)		22,930
Selling, general and administrative expenses		(99)		234		72		2,750		438		9,753		(3,052)		10,096
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		-		-		-		1,724		247		243		-		2,214
Total benefits and expenses		(99)		234		72		55,919		10,355		82,344		(40,020)		108,805
Income (loss) from operations		91		(234)		(45)		56		5		6,643		-		6,516
Interest and other expense		(695)		(197)		(361)		(7)		(19)		(12)		-		(1,291)
Intercompany interest income (expense)		(93)		(25)		399		(181)		(115)		15		-		-
Net realized investment gains		-		-		-		-		-		84		-		84
Income (loss) before income taxes		(697)		(456)		(7)		(132)		(129)		6,730		-		5,309
Total income tax (benefit) expense		(166)		(88)		(1)		(46)		(80)		1,554		-		1,173
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries		(531)		(368)		(6)		(86)		(49)		5,176		-		4,136
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries		4,658		3,304		1,728		1,549		294		-		(11,533)		-
Net income		4,127		2,936		1,722		1,463		245		5,176		(11,533)		4,136
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		-		-		-		-		9		-		9
Shareholders' net income	$	4,127	$	2,936	$	1,722	$	1,463	$	245	$	5,167	$	(11,533)	$	4,127
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		853		851		2		2		-		800		(1,655)		853
Shareholders' comprehensive income	$	4,980	$	3,787	$	1,724	$	1,465	$	245	$	5,967	$	(13,188)	$	4,980

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income
	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(In millions)	Cigna		Old Cigna		Express Scripts Holding Company		Express Scripts, Inc.		Medco Health Solutions, Inc.		Non-Guarantors		Eliminations and Consolidation Adjustments		Consolidated
Revenues
Pharmacy revenues	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	2,222	$	-	$	2,222
Premiums		-		-		-		-		-		27,005		-		27,005
Fees and other revenues		-		-		-		-		-		4,087		-		4,087
Net investment income		13		1		-		-		-		1,022		-		1,036
Total revenues		13		1		-		-		-		34,336		-		34,350
Benefits and expenses
Pharmacy and other service costs		-		-		-		-		-		1,776		-		1,776
Medical costs and other benefit expenses		-		-		-		-		-		20,420		-		20,420
Selling, general and administrative expenses		-		361		-		-		-		8,093		-		8,454
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		-		-		-		-		-		99		-		99
Total benefits and expenses		-		361		-		-		-		30,388		-		30,749
Income (loss) from operations		13		(360)		-		-		-		3,948		-		3,601
Interest and other income (expense)		(33)		(191)		-		-		-		12		-		(212)
Intercompany interest income (expense)		-		(50)		-		-		-		50		-		-
Net realized investment (losses)		-		-		-		-		-		(36)		-		(36)
Income (loss) before income taxes		(20)		(601)		-		-		-		3,974		-		3,353
Total income tax (benefit) expense		(4)		(102)		-		-		-		960		-		854
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries		(16)		(499)		-		-		-		3,014		-		2,499
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries		2,509		3,008		-		-		-		-		(5,517)		-
Net income		2,493		2,509		-		-		-		3,014		(5,517)		2,499
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		-		-		-		-		6		-		6
Shareholders' net income	$	2,493	$	2,509	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	3,008	$	(5,517)	$	2,493
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax		(536)		(536)		-		-		-		(572)		1,108		(536)
Shareholders' comprehensive income	$	1,957	$	1,973	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	2,436	$	(4,409)	$	1,957

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
	As of September 30, 2019
(In millions)	Cigna		Old Cigna		Express Scripts Holding Company		Express Scripts, Inc.		Medco Health Solutions, Inc.		Non-Guarantors		Eliminations and Consolidation Adjustments		Consolidated
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	-	$	-	$	430	$	16	$	-	$	4,131	$	-	$	4,577
Investments		5		-		402		-		-		964		-		1,371
Accounts receivable, net		-		(2)		-		2,711		592		8,418		-		11,719
Inventories		-		-		-		-		-		2,160		-		2,160
Other current assets		4		210		2		287		24		814		-		1,341
Total current assets		9		208		834		3,014		616		16,487		-		21,168
Long-term investments		-		10		-		-		-		28,894		-		28,904
Reinsurance recoverables		-		-		-		-		-		5,274		-		5,274
Deferred policy acquisition costs		-		-		-		-		-		2,795		-		2,795
Property and equipment		-		-		-		2,298		-		2,150		-		4,448
Investments in subsidiaries		72,654		29,680		53,871		18,693		8,385		-		(183,283)		-
Intercompany receivables, net		134		2,950		-		10,171		2,367		26,096		(41,718)		-
Goodwill		-		-		30,988		-		-		13,474		-		44,462
Other intangible assets		-		-		8,400		17,544		6,793		4,347		-		37,084
Other assets		27		221		-		144		86		2,108		(207)		2,379
Separate account assets		-		-		-		-		-		8,333		-		8,333
TOTAL ASSETS	$	72,824	$	33,069	$	94,093	$	51,864	$	18,247	$	109,958	$	(225,208)	$	154,847
Liabilities
Current insurance and contractholder liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	7,180	$	-	$	7,180
Pharmacy and service costs payable		-		-		-		8,731		1,355		771		-		10,857
Accounts payable		26		-		-		662		3		3,811		-		4,502
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		316		410		69		1,600		185		4,616		-		7,196
Short-term debt		3,885		300		-		13		503		11		-		4,712
Total current liabilities		4,227		710		69		11,006		2,046		16,389		-		34,447
Non-current insurance and contractholder liabilities		-		-		-		-		-		20,090		-		20,090
Deferred tax liabilities, net		-		-		2,001		4,652		1,637		1,201		(207)		9,284
Other non-current liabilities		-		697		-		598		246		2,378		-		3,919
Intercompany payables, net		5,766		4,512		30,754		-		-		686		(41,718)		-
Long-term debt		18,135		4,816		10,949		36		-		105		-		34,041
Separate account liabilities		-		-		-		-		-		8,333		-		8,333
TOTAL LIABILITIES		28,128		10,735		43,773		16,292		3,929		49,182		(41,925)		110,114
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		-		-		-		-		-		34		-		34
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY		44,696		22,334		50,320		35,572		14,318		60,739		(183,283)		44,696
Noncontrolling interests		-		-		-		-		-		3		-		3
TOTAL EQUITY		44,696		22,334		50,320		35,572		14,318		60,742		(183,283)		44,699
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	72,824	$	33,069	$	94,093	$	51,864	$	18,247	$	109,958	$	(225,208)	$	154,847

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
	As of December 31, 2018
(In millions)	Cigna		Old Cigna		Express Scripts Holding Company		Express Scripts, Inc.		Medco Health Solutions, Inc.		Non-Guarantors		Eliminations and Consolidation Adjustments		Consolidated
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	243	$	-	$	633	$	43	$	-	$	2,936	$	-	$	3,855
Investments		-		-		-		-		-		2,045		-		2,045
Accounts receivable, net		-		-		-		4,206		748		5,519		-		10,473
Inventories		-		-		-		-		-		2,821		-		2,821
Other current assets		14		59		-		310		-		1,063		(210)		1,236
Total current assets		257		59		633		4,559		748		14,384		(210)		20,430
Long-term investments		-		10		-		-		-		26,919		-		26,929
Reinsurance recoverables		-		-		-		-		-		5,507		-		5,507
Deferred policy acquisition costs		-		-		-		-		-		2,821		-		2,821
Property and equipment		-		-		-		2,432		-		2,130		-		4,562
Investments in subsidiaries		68,969		27,544		52,035		17,115		8,117		-		(173,780)		-
Intercompany receivables, net		-		4,505		-		7,425		2,335		24,882		(39,147)		-
Goodwill		-		-		31,049		-		-		13,456		-		44,505
Other intangible assets		-		-		8,400		18,962		7,040		4,601		-		39,003
Other assets		48		198		-		68		74		1,488		(246)		1,630
Separate account assets		-		-		-		-		-		7,839		-		7,839
TOTAL ASSETS	$	69,274	$	32,316	$	92,117	$	50,561	$	18,314	$	104,027	$	(213,383)	$	153,226
Liabilities
Current insurance and contractholder liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	6,801	$	-	$	6,801
Pharmacy and service costs payable		-		-		-		8,422		1,579		701		-		10,702
Accounts payable		22		-		-		834		4		3,506		-		4,366
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		396		182		129		1,387		189		4,998		(210)		7,071
Short-term debt		-		1,500		995		353		-		107		-		2,955
Total current liabilities		418		1,682		1,124		10,996		1,772		16,113		(210)		31,895
Non-current insurance and contractholder liabilities		-		-		-		-		-		19,974		-		19,974
Deferred tax liabilities, net		-		-		2,001		5,012		1,685		1,001		(246)		9,453
Other non-current liabilities		-		685		-		497		290		1,998		-		3,470
Intercompany payables, net		4,965		4,361		29,569		-		-		252		(39,147)		-
Long-term debt		22,863		5,110		10,932		24		506		88		-		39,523
Separate account liabilities		-		-		-		-		-		7,839		-		7,839
TOTAL LIABILITIES		28,246		11,838		43,626		16,529		4,253		47,265		(39,603)		112,154
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		-		-		-		-		-		37		-		37
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY		41,028		20,478		48,491		34,032		14,061		56,718		(173,780)		41,028
Noncontrolling interest		-		-		-		-		-		7		-		7
TOTAL EQUITY		41,028		20,478		48,491		34,032		14,061		56,725		(173,780)		41,035
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY	$	69,274	$	32,316	$	92,117	$	50,561	$	18,314	$	104,027	$	(213,383)	$	153,226

Condensed Consolidating Cash Flow Statements
	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(In millions)	Cigna		Old Cigna		Express Scripts Holding Company		Express Scripts, Inc.		Medco Health Solutions, Inc.		Non-Guarantors		Eliminations and Consolidation Adjustments		Consolidated
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	$	1,256	$	2,259	$	72	$	4,087	$	43	$	2,930	$	(3,955)	$	6,692
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net change in amounts due to (from) affiliates		-		1,695		(2,698)		-		-		537		466		-
Proceeds from investments sold:
Debt securities and equity securities		-		-		-		-		-		2,639		-		2,639
Investment maturities and repayments:
Debt securities and equity securities		-		-		-		-		-		1,281		-		1,281
Commercial mortgage loans		-		-		-		-		-		174		-		174
Other sales, maturities and repayments (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)		-		-		-		-		-		978		-		978
Investments purchased or originated:
Debt securities and equity securities		-		-		-		-		-		(3,347)		-		(3,347)
Commercial mortgage loans		-		-		-		-		-		(221)		-		(221)
Other (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)		(5)		-		(402)		-		-		(807)		-		(1,214)
Property and equipment purchases, net		-		-		-		(232)		-		(508)		-		(740)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		-		-		-		-		-		(6)		-		(6)
Other, net		-		-		-		-		-		(7)		-		(7)
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(5)		1,695		(3,100)		(232)		-		713		466		(463)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net change in amounts due to (from) affiliates		903		(537)		3,825		(3,537)		(43)		(145)		(466)		-
Intercompany dividends paid		-		(1,917)		-		-		-		(2,038)		3,955		-
Deposits and interest credited to contractholder deposit funds		-		-		-		-		-		731		-		731
Withdrawals and benefit payments from contractholder deposit funds		-		-		-		-		-		(845)		-		(845)
Net change in short-term debt		1,140		(1,500)		-		(8)		-		(111)		-		(479)
Repayment of long-term debt		(2,003)		-		(1,000)		(337)		-		-		-		(3,340)
Repurchase of common stock		(1,540)		-		-		-		-		-		-		(1,540)
Issuance of common stock		101		-		-		-		-		-		-		101
Other, net		(95)		-		-		-		-		(13)		-		(108)
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(1,494)		(3,954)		2,825		(3,882)		(43)		(2,421)		3,489		(5,480)
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		-		-		-		-		-		(27)		-		(27)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(243)		-		(203)		(27)		-		1,195		-		722
Cash and cash equivalents, January 1, 2019		243		-		633		43		-		2,936		-		3,855
Cash and cash equivalents, September 30, 2019	$	-	$	-	$	430	$	16	$	-	$	4,131	$	-	$	4,577

Condensed Consolidating Cash Flow Statements
	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(In millions)	Cigna		Old Cigna		Express Scripts Holding Company		Express Scripts, Inc.		Medco Health Solutions, Inc.		Non-Guarantors		Eliminations and Consolidation Adjustments		Consolidated
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	$	5	$	1,113	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	3,900	$	(1,374)	$	3,644
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net change in amounts due (from) to affiliates		-		(275)		-		-		-		428		(153)		-
Proceeds from investments sold:
Debt securities and equity securities		-		-		-		-		-		1,930		-		1,930
Investment maturities and repayments:
Debt securities and equity securities		-		-		-		-		-		1,394		-		1,394
Commercial mortgage loans		-		-		-		-		-		181		-		181
Other sales, maturities and repayments (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)		-		53		-		-		-		535		-		588
Investments purchased or originated:
Debt securities and equity securities		-		-		-		-		-		(4,461)		-		(4,461)
Commercial mortgage loans		-		-		-		-		-		(288)		-		(288)
Other (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)		-		-		-		-		-		(660)		-		(660)
Property and equipment purchases, net		-		-		-		-		-		(346)		-		(346)
Other, net		-		-		-		-		-		(12)		-		(12)
NET CASH (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES		-		(222)		-		-		-		(1,299)		(153)		(1,674)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net change in amounts due (from) to affiliates		-		(428)		-		-		-		275		153		-
Intercompany dividends paid		-		-		-		-		-		(1,374)		1,374		-
Deposits and interest credited to contractholder deposit funds		-		-		-		-		-		816		-		816
Withdrawals and benefit payments from contractholder deposit funds		-		-		-		-		-		(872)		-		(872)
Net change in short-term debt		-		(5)		-		-		-		(104)		-		(109)
Repayment of long-term debt		-		(131)		-		-		-		-		-		(131)
Net proceeds on issuance of long-term debt		19,884		-		-		-		-		-		-		19,884
Repurchase of common stock		-		(310)		-		-		-		-		-		(310)
Issuance of common stock		-		41		-		-		-		-		-		41
Other, net		-		(67)		-		-		-		(137)		-		(204)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES		19,884		(900)		-		-		-		(1,396)		1,527		19,115
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		-		-		-		-		-		(25)		-		(25)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		19,889		(9)		-		-		-		1,180		-		21,060
Cash and cash equivalents, January 1, 2018		-		9		-		-		-		2,963		-		2,972
Cash and cash equivalents, September 30, 2018	$	19,889	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	4,143	$	-	$	24,032

Note 18 – Segment Information

See Note 1 for a description of our segments that changed effective with the fourth quarter of 2018. Prior year segment information reported in this Form 10-Q was adjusted to reflect these changes. In addition, effective with the first quarter of 2019, the Company began allocating compensation cost for stock options to the segments. Prior year segment information was not restated for this change. A description of our basis for reporting segment operating results is outlined below. Intersegment transactions primarily reflect pharmacy sales to insured customers of the Integrated Medical segment. These and other transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

The Company uses “pre-tax adjusted income from operations” and “adjusted revenues” as its principal financial measures of segment operating performance because management believes they best reflect the underlying results of business operations and permit analysis of trends in underlying revenue, expenses and profitability. Pre-tax adjusted income from operations is defined as income before taxes excluding realized investment results, amortization of acquired intangible assets, results of transitioning clients Anthem and Coventry Health Care, Inc. (the “transitioning clients”) and special items. Income or expense amounts that are excluded from adjusted income from operations because they are not indicative of underlying performance or the responsibility of operating segment management include:

Realized investment gains (losses) including changes in market values of certain financial instruments between balance sheet dates, as well as gains and losses associated with invested asset sales

Amortization of acquired intangible assets because these relate to costs incurred for acquisitions

Results of transitioning clients because those results are not indicative of ongoing results

Special items, if any, that management believes are not representative of the underlying results of operations due to the nature or size of these matters. Further context about these items is provided in the footnotes listed in the table below.

Adjusted revenues is defined as revenues excluding: 1) revenue contributions from transitioning clients; 2) the Company’s share of certain realized investment results of its joint ventures reported in the International Markets segment using the equity method of accounting; and 3) special items, if any.

The following tables present the special items recorded by the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

	Three Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2019				September 30, 2018
Description of Special Item Charges (Benefits) and Financial Statement Line Item(s)		After-tax		Before-tax		After-tax		Before-tax
Integration and transaction-related costs (See Note 4)	$	88	$	114	$	108	$	128
Charges (benefits) associated with litigation matters ⁽¹⁾		(23)		(30)		35		45
Charges (benefits) associated with U.S. Tax Reform		-		-		(5)		2
Total impact from special items	$	65	$	84	$	138	$	175

	Nine Months Ended
(In millions)	September 30, 2019				September 30, 2018
Description of Special Item Charges (Benefits) and Financial Statement Line Item(s)		After-tax		Before-tax		After-tax		Before-tax
Integration and transaction-related costs (See Note 4)	$	311	$	405	$	267	$	318
Charges associated with litigation matters ^{(1) (2)}		41		51		35		45
Charges (benefits) associated with U.S. Tax Reform		-		-		(5)		2
Total impact from special items	$	352	$	456	$	297	$	365

⁽¹⁾ See Note 16 for additional information.
⁽²⁾The Company recorded a charge in the second quarter of 2019 related to the sale of a subsidiary and is appealing.

Summarized segment financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30 was as follows:

(In millions)	Health Services		Integrated Medical		International Markets		Group Disability and Other		Corporate and Eliminations		Total
Three months ended September 30, 2019
Revenues from external customers⁽¹⁾	$	27,084	$	8,648	$	1,368	$	1,107	$	-	$	38,207
Inter-segment revenues		499		376		-		7		(882)		-
Net investment income		15		124		39		170		1		349
Total revenues		27,598		9,148		1,407		1,284		(881)		38,556
Revenue contributions from transitioning clients		(2,718)		-		-		-		-		(2,718)
Net realized investment results from certain equity method investments⁽²⁾		-		-		(5)		-		-		(5)
Adjusted revenues	$	24,880	$	9,148	$	1,402	$	1,284	$	(881)	$	35,833
Income (loss) before taxes	$	965	$	1,011	$	184	$	159	$	(556)	$	1,763
Pre-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations
Adjustment for transitioning clients		(274)		-		-		-		-		(274)
(Income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		-		(4)		-		-		(4)
Net realized investment (gains) losses⁽²⁾		-		(43)		5		(18)		-		(56)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		708		15		9		2		-		734
Special items
Integrated and transaction-related costs		-		-		-		-		114		114
Charges associated with litigation matters		-		(30)		-		-		-		(30)
Pre-tax adjusted income (loss) from operations	$	1,399	$	953	$	194	$	143	$	(442)	$	2,247



(In millions)	Health Services		Integrated Medical		International Markets		Group Disability and Other		Corporate and Eliminations		Total
Three months ended September 30, 2018
Revenues from external customers⁽¹⁾	$	828	$	7,907	$	1,285	$	1,082	$	-	$	11,102
Inter-segment revenues		279		150		-		4		(433)		-
Net investment income		2		117		40		176		20		355
Total revenues		1,109		8,174		1,325		1,262		(413)		11,457
Net realized investment results from certain equity method investments⁽²⁾		-		-		1		-		-		1
Special items reported in transaction-related costs		-		-		-		-		(13)		(13)
Adjusted revenues	$	1,109	$	8,174	$	1,326	$	1,262	$	(426)	$	11,445
Income (loss) before taxes	$	67	$	848	$	194	$	135	$	(211)	$	1,033
Pre-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations
(Income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		-		(3)		-		-		(3)
Net realized investment (gains) losses		-		(3)		(1)		5		-		1
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		-		42		5		1		-		48
Special items
Integrated and transaction-related costs		-		-		-		-		128		128
Charges associated with litigation matters		-		45		-		-		-		45
Charges associated with U.S. tax reform		-		-		-		2		-		2
Pre-tax adjusted income (loss) from operations	$	67	$	932	$	195	$	143	$	(83)	$	1,254

(1) Includes the Company’s share of the earnings of its joint ventures reported in the International Markets segment using the equity method of accounting.
(2) Includes the Company’s share of certain realized investment gains (losses) of its joint ventures reported in the International Markets segment using the equity method of accounting.

(In millions)		Health Services	Integrated Medical		International Markets		Group Disability and Other		Corporate and Eliminations		Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Revenues from external customers⁽¹⁾	$	80,618	$	26,226	$	4,095	$	3,347	$	-	$	114,286
Inter-segment revenues		1,869		727		-		21		(2,617)		-
Net investment income (loss)		47		358		117		521		(8)		1,035
Total revenues		82,534		27,311		4,212		3,889		(2,625)		115,321
Revenue contributions from transitioning clients		(11,657)		-		-		-		-		(11,657)
Net realized investment results from certain equity method investments ⁽²⁾		-		-		(27)		-		-		(27)
Adjusted revenues	$	70,877	$	27,311	$	4,185	$	3,889	$	(2,625)	$	103,637
Income (loss) before taxes	$	3,015	$	3,157	$	601	$	407	$	(1,871)	$	5,309
Pre-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations
Adjustment for transitioning clients		(1,589)		-		-		-		-		(1,589)
(Income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1)		-		(12)		-		-		(13)
Net realized investment (gains)⁽²⁾		-		(65)		(10)		(36)		-		(111)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		2,130		51		28		5		-		2,214
Special items
Integration and transaction-related costs		-		-		-		-		405		405
Charges associated with litigation matters		-		(30)		-		-		81		51
Pre-tax adjusted income (loss) from operations	$	3,555	$	3,113	$	607	$	376	$	(1,385)	$	6,266

(In millions)		Health Services	Integrated Medical		International Markets		Group Disability and Other		Corporate and Eliminations		Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Revenues from external customers⁽¹⁾	$	2,447	$	23,725	$	3,875	$	3,267	$	-	$	33,314
Inter-segment revenues		841		421		-		10		(1,272)		-
Net investment income		5		348		113		538		32		1,036
Total revenues		3,293		24,494		3,988		3,815		(1,240)		34,350
Net realized investment results from certain equity method investments ⁽²⁾		-		-		23		-		-		23
Special items reported in transaction-related costs		-		-		-		-		(13)		(13)
Adjusted revenues	$	3,293	$	24,494	$	4,011	$	3,815	$	(1,253)	$	34,360
Income (loss) before taxes	$	227	$	2,720	$	580	$	400	$	(574)	$	3,353
Pre-tax adjustments to reconcile to adjusted income from operations
(Income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		-		-		(10)		-		-		(10)
Net realized investment losses ⁽²⁾		-		12		32		14		1		59
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		-		82		13		4		-		99
Special items
Integration and transaction-related costs		-		-		-		-		318		318
Charges associated with litigation matters		-		45		-		-		-		45
Charges associated with U.S. tax reform		-		-		-		2		-		2
Pre-tax adjusted income (loss) from operations	$	227	$	2,859	$	615	$	420	$	(255)	$	3,866

(1) Includes the Company’s share of the earnings of its joint ventures reported in the International Markets segment using the equity method of accounting.
(2) Includes the Company’s share of certain realized investment gains (losses) of its joint ventures reported in the International Markets segment using the equity method of accounting.

Revenue from external customers includes pharmacy revenues, premiums and fees and other revenues. The following table presents these revenues by product, premium and service type for the three and nine months ended September 30:

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
(In millions)	2019			2018		2019		2018
Products (Pharmacy revenues) (ASC 606)
Home delivery and specialty revenues	$	11,837	$		747	$	35,893	$	2,222
Network revenues		12,923			-		37,954		-
Other		1,227			-		3,607		-
Total pharmacy revenues		25,987			747		77,454		2,222
Insurance premiums (ASC 944)
Integrated Medical premiums
Commercial
Risk		3,174			2,697		9,278		7,951
Stop loss		1,085			1,010		3,221		2,983
Other		260			260		779		777
Government
Medicare Advantage		1,562			1,455		4,779		4,414
Medicare Part D		404			157		1,329		574
Other		1,059			1,114		3,137		3,355
Total Integrated Medical premiums		7,544			6,693		22,523		20,054
International Markets premiums		1,309			1,245		3,914		3,767
Domestic disability, life and accident premiums		1,049			1,006		3,165		3,013
Other premiums		33			50		107		171
Total premiums		9,935			8,994		29,709		27,005
Services (ASC 606)
Fees		2,249			1,350		7,015		4,064
Other external revenues		36			11		108		23
Total services		2,285			1,361		7,123		4,087
Total revenues from external customers	$	38,207		$	11,102	$	114,286	$	33,314

The Health Services segment may provide certain financial and performance guarantees in its pharmacy benefit management contracts including a minimum level of discounts a client may receive, generic utilization rates and various service levels. Clients may be entitled to receive performance penalties if we fail to meet guarantees. Actual performance is compared to the guarantee for each measure throughout the period and the Company defers revenue for any estimated payouts within accrued expenses and other liabilities (current). These estimates are adjusted at the end of the guarantee period. Historically, adjustments to original estimates have not been material. The deferred revenue balance was $ 973 million as of September 30, 2019 and $895 million as of December 31, 2018.

The Company’s Health Services segment reported revenues as follows from Anthem and the Department of Defense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Amounts presented below reflect the percentage of consolidated revenues. The Company did not report revenue from these two customers in periods before the Merger.

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
Anthem	10%
Department of Defense	8%

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

	PAGE
Executive Overview	52
Liquidity and Capital Resources	57
Critical Accounting Estimates	60
Segment Reporting	60
Health Services	61
Integrated Medical	63
International Markets	64
Group Disability and Other	65
Corporate	66
Investment Assets	66

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide information to assist you in better understanding and evaluating our financial condition as of September 30, 2019 compared with December 31, 2018 and our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same periods last year. We encourage you to read this MD&A in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“2018 Form 10-K”), in particular the “Risk Factors” contained in Part I, Item 1A of that form.

Unless otherwise indicated, financial information in the MD&A is presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2018 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies and Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Form 10-Q for updates to those accounting policies resulting from adopting new accounting guidance. The preparation of interim consolidated financial statements necessarily relies heavily on estimates. This and certain other factors, such as the seasonal nature of portions of the health care and related pharmacy and other benefits businesses, as well as competitive and other market conditions, call for caution in estimating full-year results based on interim results of operations. In some of our financial tables in this MD&A, we present either percentage changes or “N/M” when those changes are so large as to become not meaningful. Changes in percentages are expressed in basis points (“bps”).

In this MD&A, our consolidated measures “adjusted income from operations,” earnings per share on that same basis, and “adjusted revenues” are not determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be viewed as substitutes for the most directly comparable GAAP measures of “shareholders’ net income,” “earnings per share” and “total revenues.” We also use pre-tax adjusted income from operations and adjusted revenues to measure the results of our segments.

We use adjusted income from operations as our principal financial measure of operating performance because management believes it best reflects the underlying results of our business operations and permits analysis of trends in underlying revenue, expenses and profitability. We define adjusted income from operations as shareholders’ net income (or income before taxes for the segment metric) excluding realized investment gains and losses, amortization of acquired intangible assets, results of Anthem, Inc. and Coventry Health Care Inc. (“Coventry”) (collectively, the “transitioning clients”) (see the “Key Transactions and Developments” section of the MD&A for further discussion of transitioning clients) and special items. Cigna’s share of certain realized investment results of its joint ventures reported in the International Markets segment using the equity method of accounting are also excluded. Income or expense amounts excluded from adjusted income from operations because they are not indicative of underlying performance or the responsibility of operating segment management include:

Realized investment gains (losses) including changes in market values of certain financial instruments between balance sheet dates, as well as gains and losses associated with invested asset sales.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets because these relate to costs incurred for acquisitions.

Results of transitioning clients because those results are not indicative of ongoing results.

Special items, if any, that management believes are not representative of the underlying results of operations due to the nature or size of these matters. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for descriptions of special items.

Adjusted revenues is defined as total revenues excluding the following adjustments: revenue contributions from transitioning clients, special items and Cigna’s share of certain realized investment results of its joint ventures reported in the International Markets segment using the equity method of accounting.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on Cigna’s current expectations and projections about future trends, events and uncertainties. These statements are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements may include, among others, statements concerning future financial or operating performance, including our ability to deliver affordable, personalized and innovative solutions for our customers and clients; future growth, business strategy, strategic or operational initiatives; economic, regulatory or competitive environments, particularly with respect to the pace and extent of change in these areas; financing or capital deployment plans and amounts available for future deployment; our prospects for growth in the coming years; the merger (“Merger”) with Express Scripts Holding Company; and other statements regarding Cigna’s future beliefs, expectations, plans, intentions, financial condition or performance. You may identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “may,” “should,” “will” or other words or expressions of similar meaning, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: our ability to achieve our financial, strategic and operational plans or initiatives; our ability to predict and manage medical and pharmacy costs and price effectively; our ability to adapt to changes or trends in an evolving and rapidly changing industry; our ability to effectively differentiate our products and services from those of our competitors and maintain or increase market share; our ability to develop and maintain good relationships with physicians, hospitals, other health care providers and pharmaceutical manufacturers; changes in drug pricing; the impact of modifications to our operations and processes; our ability to identify potential strategic acquisitions or transactions and realize the expected benefits (including anticipated synergies) of such transactions in full or within the anticipated time frame, including with respect to the Merger, as well as our ability to integrate operations, resources and systems; the substantial level of government regulation over our business and the potential effects of new laws or regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations; the outcome of litigation, regulatory audits, investigations, actions and/or guaranty fund assessments; uncertainties surrounding participation in government-sponsored programs such as Medicare; the effectiveness and security of our information technology and other business systems; the impact of our debt service obligations on the availability of funds for other business purposes; unfavorable industry, economic or political conditions, including foreign currency movements; acts of war, terrorism, natural disasters or pandemics; as well as more specific risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors and Part II, Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our 2018 Form 10-K and as described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements that speak only as of the date they are made, are not guarantees of future performance or results, and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict or quantify. Cigna undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

As described more fully in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on December 20, 2018, we completed the acquisition of Express Scripts Holding Company (“Express Scripts”) and changed our segments effective in the fourth quarter of 2018. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our segments. As described further in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we adopted Article 5 of Regulation S-X issued by the SEC effective December 31, 2018. Prior year information presented in this Form 10-Q was restated to reflect these changes. In addition, as discussed in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, effective in the first quarter of 2019, compensation cost for stock options is now recorded by our segments. Prior year segment information has not been restated for this change. Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 included the results of Express Scripts’ business, whereas results for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflected only Cigna’s stand-alone historical results. Unless otherwise specified, the commentary provided below describes our results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same periods in 2018.

Summarized below are certain key measures of our performance by segment for the three months and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

Financial highlights by segment
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)		2019		2018	% Change			2019		2018	% Change
Revenues
Adjusted revenues by segment
Health Services	$	24,880	$	1,109	N/M		$	70,877	$	3,293	N/M
Integrated Medical		9,148		8,174	12	%		27,311		24,494	12	%
International Markets		1,402		1,326	6			4,185		4,011	4
Group Disability and Other		1,284		1,262	2			3,889		3,815	2
Corporate, including eliminations		(881)		(426)	(107)			(2,625)		(1,253)	(109)
Adjusted revenues		35,833		11,445	213			103,637		34,360	202
Revenue contributions from transitioning clients		2,718		-	N/M			11,657		-	N/M
Net realized investment results from certain equity method investments		5		(1)	N/M			27		(23)	N/M
Special items reported in transaction-related costs		-		13	N/M			-		13	N/M
Total revenues	$	38,556	$	11,457	237	%	$	115,321	$	34,350	236	%
Shareholders’ net income	$	1,351	$	772	75	%	$	4,127	$	2,493	66	%
Adjusted income from operations	$	1,718	$	945	82	%	$	4,856	$	2,910	67	%
Earnings per share (diluted)
Shareholders’ net income	$	3.57	$	3.14	14	%	$	10.83	$	10.14	7	%
Adjusted income from operations	$	4.54	$	3.84	18	%	$	12.74	$	11.84	8	%
Pre-tax adjusted income from operations by segment
Health Services	$	1,399	$	67	N/M		$	3,555	$	227	N/M
Integrated Medical		953		932	2	%		3,113		2,859	9	%
International Markets		194		195	(1)			607		615	(1)
Group Disability and Other		143		143	-			376		420	(10)
Corporate, including eliminations		(442)		(83)	N/M			(1,385)		(255)	N/M
Consolidated pre-tax adjusted income from operations		2,247		1,254	79			6,266		3,866	62
Adjustment for transitioning clients		274		-	N/M			1,589		-	N/M
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests		4		3	33			13		10	30
Realized investment gains (losses)		56		(1)	N/M			111		(59)	N/M
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		(734)		(48)	N/M			(2,214)		(99)	N/M
Special items		(84)		(175)	52			(456)		(365)	(25)
Income before income taxes	$	1,763	$	1,033	71	%	$	5,309	$	3,353	58	%

For further analysis and explanation of each segment’s results, see the “Segment Reporting” section of this MD&A beginning on page 60.

Consolidated Results of Operations (GAAP basis)
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,							September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018		% Change			2019		2018	% Change
Pharmacy revenues	$	25,987	$	747	N/M		$	77,454	$	2,222	N/M
Premiums		9,935		8,994	10	%		29,709		27,005	10	%
Fees and other revenues		2,285		1,361	68			7,123		4,087	74
Net investment income		349		355	(2)			1,035		1,036	-
Total revenues		38,556		11,457	237			115,321		34,350	236
Pharmacy and other service costs		24,552		602	N/M			73,565		1,776	N/M
Medical costs and other benefit expenses		7,734		6,803	14			22,930		20,420	12
Selling, general and administrative expenses		3,413		2,872	19			10,096		8,454	19
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		734		48	N/M			2,214		99	N/M
Total benefits and expenses		36,433		10,325	253			108,805		30,749	254
Income from operations		2,123		1,132	88			6,516		3,601	81
Interest expense and other		(411)		(99)	N/M			(1,291)		(212)	N/M
Net realized investment gains (losses)		51		-	N/M			84		(36)	N/M
Income before income taxes		1,763		1,033	71			5,309		3,353	58
Income taxes		409		259	58			1,173		854	37
Net income		1,354		774	75			4,136		2,499	66
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		3		2	50			9		6	50
Shareholders’ net income	$	1,351	$	772	75	%	$	4,127	$	2,493	66	%
Consolidated effective tax rate		23.2%		25.1%	190	bps		22.1%		25.5%	340	bps
Medical customers (in thousands)
Integrated Medical								15,495		15,301	1	%
International Markets								1,576		1,558	1
Total								17,071		16,859	1	%

Reconciliation of Shareholders’ Net Income to Adjusted Income from Operations
	$ in millions								Diluted Earnings Per Share
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018			2019		2018		2019		2018		2019		2018
Shareholders’ net income	$	1,351	$	772	$	4,127	$	2,493	$	3.57	$	3.14	$	10.83	$	10.14
After-tax adjustments required to reconcile to adjusted income from operations
- Adjustment for transitioning clients		(207)		-		(1,217)		-		(0.55)		-		(3.19)		-
- Net realized investment (gains) losses		(49)		(1)		(100)		46		(0.13)		-		(0.26)		0.19
- Amortization of acquired intangible assets		558		36		1,694		74		1.47		0.15		4.43		0.30
Special items
- Integration and transaction-related costs		88		108		311		267		0.24		0.43		0.82		1.09
- Charges (benefits) associated with litigation matters		(23)		35		41		35		(0.06)		0.14		0.11		0.14
- Charges (benefits) associated with U.S. tax reform		-		(5)		-		(5)		-		(0.02)		-		(0.02)
Total special items		65		138		352		297		0.18		0.55		0.93		1.21
Adjusted income from operations	$	1,718	$	945	$	4,856	$	2,910	$	4.54	$	3.84	$	12.74	$	11.84

Commentary: Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 versus the same periods in 2018

Unless indicated otherwise, the commentary presented below, and in the segment discussions that follow, applies to both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same periods in 2018.

Earnings and Revenue

Shareholders’ net income increased, primarily driven by the earnings contribution from Express Scripts and improved results in the Integrated Medical segment partially offset by interest expense on debt issued to finance the Express Scripts acquisition. Earnings per share also increased, but at a significantly lower rate, reflecting dilution caused by shares issued in connection with the Express Scripts acquisition.

Adjusted income from operations increased, reflecting earnings from Express Scripts’ pharmacy benefits and medical management businesses reported in the Health Services segment and improved results in Integrated Medical. These favorable results were partially offset by higher interest expense reported in Corporate from debt issued to finance the acquisition and assumed from Express Scripts. Adjusted income from operations per share also increased, but at a significantly lower rate, reflecting dilution caused by shares issued in connection with the Express Scripts acquisition.

Medical customers increased, primarily attributable to growth in the Select and Middle Market segments, partially offset by a decline in National Accounts.

Revenue growth largely reflects the addition of Express Scripts and, to a lesser extent, business growth in the Integrated Medical segment. Detailed revenue items are discussed further below.

oPharmacy revenues in 2019 reflect the Express Scripts pharmacy benefit management business. See the Health Services Segment section of this MD&A for further discussion of pharmacy revenues.

oPremiums were higher, primarily resulting from: 1) customer growth across all segments, predominantly Integrated Medical, 2) rate increases in Integrated Medical reflecting underlying medical cost trends; and 3) a contribution from Express Scripts’ Medicare Part D business.

oFees and other revenues. The increases were primarily driven by contributions from Express Scripts’ medical management business reported in the Health Services segment. To a lesser extent, higher fees in our Integrated Medical segment primarily driven by growth in our specialty businesses contributed to the increases.

oNet investment income was essentially flat, as lower yields were substantially offset by higher average assets.

Other Components of Consolidated Results of Operations

Pharmacy and other service costs. In 2019, this amount is largely comprised of Express Scripts’ pharmacy benefits and medical management businesses reported in the Health Services segment. In 2018, Cigna’s home delivery business comprised the entire amount.

Medical costs and other benefit expenses increased, largely attributable to medical cost inflation in Integrated Medical, customer growth in the insured business and the addition of Express Scripts’ Medicare Part D business.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased, primarily due to the addition of Express Scripts and, to a lesser extent, volume-related expenses in Integrated Medical. These increases were partially offset by suspension of the health insurance industry tax in 2019.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets in 2019 primarily reflects the impact of the Express Scripts acquisition. See Note 3 in the Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2018 Form 10-K for additional information on the intangible assets identified in the Express Scripts acquisition.

Interest expense and other increased significantly, primarily due to interest incurred on debt issued in the third quarter of 2018 to finance the Express Scripts acquisition along with Express Scripts’ debt assumed upon closing of the acquisition.

Realized investment gains (losses). We reported realized investment gains for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared with no gain or loss for the three months and losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The improvements largely result from gains on sales of real estate joint ventures in the third quarter of 2019, higher gains on sales of debt securities and favorable market value adjustments on equity securities.

The consolidated effective tax rate declined, primarily due to suspension of the nondeductible health insurance industry tax in 2019 and, for the nine months, recognition of incremental state tax benefits in the second quarter of 2019.

Key Transactions and Business Developments

Merger with Express Scripts

As discussed in more detail in our 2018 Form 10-K, Cigna acquired Express Scripts on December 20, 2018 in a cash and stock transaction valued at $52.8 billion. The “Liquidity” section of this MD&A provides further discussion of the impact of the acquisition on our liquidity and capital resources.

We continue to incur costs related to this transaction. These costs are being reported in “integration and transaction-related costs” as a special item and excluded from adjusted income from operations. The results of the Express Scripts’ business were included in Cigna’s consolidated financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, whereas the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflected only Cigna’s stand-alone historical results.

On January 30, 2019, Anthem exercised its early termination right and terminated their pharmacy benefit management services agreement with us, effective March 1, 2019. There is a twelve-month transition period ending March 1, 2020. The transition of Anthem’s customers is expected to occur at various dates, as informed by Anthem’s technology platform migration schedule. We will focus on an effective transition of this relationship and related services over Anthem’s accelerated timeline. We exclude the results of Express Scripts’ contract with Anthem (and also Coventry) from our non-GAAP reporting metrics “adjusted revenues” and “adjusted income from operations” and refer to these clients as “transitioning clients.”

Industry Developments and Other Matters Affecting Our Health Services and Integrated Medical Segments

Our 2018 Form 10-K provides a detailed description of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) provisions and other legislative initiatives that impact our health care and pharmacy services businesses, including regulations issued by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) and the Departments of the Treasury and Health and Human Services (“HHS”). The health care and pharmacy services businesses continue to operate in a dynamic environment, and the laws and regulations applicable to these businesses, including the ACA, continue to be subject to legislative, regulatory and judicial challenges. The table presented below provides an update on the impact of these items and other matters affecting our Integrated Medical and Health Services segments as of September 30, 2019.

Item

Description

Medicare Advantage

Medicare Star Quality Ratings (“Star Ratings”): CMS uses a Star Rating system to measure how well Medicare Advantage (“MA”) plans perform, scoring how well plans perform in several categories, including quality of care and customer service. Star Ratings range from one to five stars. CMS recognizes plans with Star Ratings of four stars or greater with quality bonus payments and the ability to offer enhanced benefits. Approximately 73% of our MA customers are in a four star or greater plan for bonus payments to be received in 2019. We expect this percentage to increase to 77% for bonus payments to be received in 2020 and 85% for bonus payments to be received in 2021.

Risk Adjustment: As discussed in the “Regulation” and “Risk Factors” sections of our 2018 Form 10-K, our MA business is subject to reviews, including risk adjustment data validation (“RADV”) audits by CMS and the Office of the Inspector General (“OIG”). We expect that CMS, OIG and other federal agencies will continue to closely scrutinize components of the Medicare program.

The “Regulation” and “Health Care Industry Developments and Other Matters Affecting Our Integrated Medical and Health Services Segments” sections of our 2018 Form 10-K also discuss a proposed rule issued by CMS in 2018 that included, among other things, extrapolation of the error rate related to RADV audit findings without applying the adjustment for underlying fee-for-service data errors as currently contemplated by CMS’s RADV audit methodology. If adopted in its current form, the rule could have a detrimental impact to all MA insurers and affect the ability of plans to deliver high quality health care for the population served. The Company, along with other MA organizations and additional interested parties, submitted comments to CMS on the proposed rule as part of the notice-and-comment rulemaking process. The comment period concluded on August 28, 2019. It is uncertain if CMS will finalize the rule as proposed. Preliminary data validation for CMS contract years 2011 through 2013 audits has been completed and the Company does not expect the impact of the rule, if adopted as proposed, to be material to the Company’s results of operations for these contract years. Data validation for the CMS contract year 2014 audit is in process. As a result, the Company cannot estimate the potential impact of adoption of the proposed rule for contract year 2014 at this time.

In addition, the Company is subject to OIG RADV audits that are in process. The U.S. Department of Justice also is currently conducting an industry-wide investigation of risk adjustment data submission practices and business processes, as described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item	Description
Health Insurance Industry Tax	Health Insurance Industry Tax: Federal legislation suspended the health insurance industry tax for 2019 and our premium rates for 2019 reflect this suspension. We recorded $94 million for the three months and $279 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Under current legislation, the industry tax will return in 2020 and is expected to approximate $460 million. The return of the industry tax in 2020 is contemplated in our premium rates and benefits for the affected products.
Public Health Exchanges	Market Participation: In 2019, we are offering individual coverage on the public health insurance exchanges in Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. For 2020, we are expanding individual exchange offerings into Kansas, Utah and Florida, as well as new counties in Tennessee and Virginia.
Public Health Exchanges	Cost Sharing Reduction Subsidies: The ACA provides for cost sharing reductions that offset the amount that qualifying customers pay for deductibles, copayments and coinsurance. The federal government stopped funding insurers for the cost sharing reduction subsidies in 2017. Certain insurers have sued the federal government for failure to pay cost sharing reduction subsidies and the matter remains unresolved. To date, judges in six of those actions have ruled in favor of the insurers, three of which are presently under appeal. We will continue to monitor developments. Our premium rates for the 2019 plan year reflected a lack of government funding for cost sharing reduction subsidies. We followed a similar approach for 2020 premium rates.

Risk Mitigation Programs – Individual ACA Business

See the MD&A in our 2018 Form 10-K for background around legal actions related to the risk corridor and risk adjustment programs. During the second quarter of 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to review the unfavorable lower court rulings in the risk corridor cases. We continue to carry an allowance for the balance of our risk corridor receivables of $109 million. No other significant updates occurred in the third quarter of 2019 related to these risk corridor and risk adjustment legal matters.

In April 2019, CMS published the final Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for the 2020 plan year that clarified the 2017 benefit year RADV program. CMS released the 2017 benefit year data validation error rates in May and published the preliminary RADV transfers in August 2019. Based on the information currently available, we adjusted our risk adjustment balance to reflect the expected outcome of the RADV program.

The following table presents our balances associated with the risk adjustment program as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, inclusive of the RADV adjustments recorded in 2019.

	Net Receivable (Payable) Balance
		September 30,		December 31,
(In millions)		2019		2018
Risk Adjustment
Receivables⁽¹⁾	$	57	$	32
Payables⁽²⁾		(174)		(187)
Total risk adjustment balance	$	(117)	$	(155)

(1) Receivables, net of allowances, are reported in accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) Payables are reported in accrued expenses and other liabilities (current) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Charges for the ongoing risk adjustment program and RADV audit adjustments were $18 million pre-tax ($14 million after-tax) for the three months and $134 million pre-tax ($103 million after-tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with $48 million pre-tax ($38 million after-tax) and $143 million ($113 million after-tax) for the same periods in 2018.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

We maintain liquidity at two levels: the subsidiary level and the parent company level.

Liquidity requirements at the subsidiary level generally consist of:

medical costs, pharmacy and other benefit payments;

expense requirements, primarily for employee compensation and benefits, information technology and facilities costs; and

income taxes.

Our subsidiaries normally meet their operating requirements by:

maintaining appropriate levels of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments;

using cash flows from operating activities;

matching investment durations to those estimated for the related insurance and contractholder liabilities;

selling investments; and

borrowing from affiliates, subject to applicable regulatory limits.

Liquidity requirements at the parent company level generally consist of:

debt service and dividend payments to shareholders;

lending to subsidiaries as needed; and

pension plan funding.

The parent company normally meets its liquidity requirements by:

maintaining appropriate levels of cash and various types of marketable investments;

collecting dividends from its subsidiaries;

using proceeds from issuing debt and common stock; and

borrowing from its subsidiaries, subject to applicable regulatory limits.

Dividends from our insurance, Health Maintenance Organization (“HMO”) and foreign subsidiaries are subject to regulatory restrictions. Because most of Express Scripts’ subsidiaries are not subject to regulatory restrictions on paying dividends, Express Scripts’ operations provide significantly increased financial flexibility to Cigna.

Cash flows for the nine months ended September 30 were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2019		2018
Operating activities	$	6,692	$	3,644
Investing activities	$	(463)	$	(1,674)
Financing activities	$	(5,480)	$	19,115

The following discussion explains variances in the various categories of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018.

Operating activities

Cash flows from operating activities consist principally of cash receipts and disbursements for pharmacy revenues and costs, premiums, fees, investment income, taxes, benefit costs and other expenses.

Cash flows from operating activities increased, primarily driven by higher net income adjusted for depreciation and amortization and reduction in inventories. These increases were partially offset by the timing of accounts receivable collections and higher income tax payments.

Investing and Financing activities

Cash used in investing activities decreased, primarily due to higher proceeds from investment sales coupled with lower investment purchases.

Cash flows from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 included $19.9 billion of proceeds from long-term debt issued to fund the Express Scripts acquisition. Excluding this item, cash used in financing activities increased in 2019, primarily due to higher repayments of long-term debt and share repurchases.

We maintain a share repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors. Under this program, we may repurchase shares from time to time, depending on market conditions and alternate uses of capital. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors including price, general business and market conditions and alternate uses of capital. The share repurchase program may be effected through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we repurchased 9.3 million shares for approximately $1.5 billion. In October 2019, the Board increased repurchase authority by an additional $1.0 billion. From October 1, 2019 through October 30, 2019 we repurchased 1.5 million shares for approximately $240 million. Share repurchase authority was $1.2 billion as of October 30, 2019.

Capital Resources

Our capital resources (primarily cash flows from operating activities and proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities) provide protection for policyholders, furnish the financial strength to underwrite insurance risks and facilitate continued business growth.

Our acquisition of Express Scripts increased our debt and shareholders’ equity in 2018 as follows:

Stock. Express Scripts’ shareholders received 0.2434 of a share of common stock of Cigna for every one share of Express Scripts’ common stock. Cigna issued 137.6 million additional shares to Express Scripts’ shareholders.

Debt. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further description of the debt issued to finance the acquisition.

Assumption of Express Scripts’ Senior Notes. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further description of the notes assumed in the acquisition of Express Scripts.

At September 30, 2019, our debt-to-capitalization ratio was 46.4%, a decline from 50.9% at December 31, 2018. We expect to deleverage to the upper 30s by the end of 2020 using cash flows from operating activities.

In 2018, Cigna entered into a new Revolving Credit Agreement and Term Loan Credit Agreement in financing the Express Scripts acquisition. Cigna had $21 million of letters of credit outstanding under the Revolving Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2019. In the fourth quarter of 2019, Cigna entered into an additional 364-day revolving credit agreement that matures in October 2020. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our revolving credit agreements and the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

Management, guided by regulatory requirements and rating agency capital guidelines, determines the amount of capital resources that we maintain. Management allocates resources to new long-term business commitments when returns, considering the risks, look promising and when the resources available to support existing business are adequate.

We prioritize our use of capital resources to:

provide the capital necessary to support growth and maintain or improve the financial strength ratings of subsidiaries and to fund pension obligations;

consider acquisitions that are strategically and economically advantageous; and

return capital to investors primarily through share repurchases.

We continue to maintain a capital management strategy to retain overseas a significant portion of the earnings from our foreign operations. These undistributed earnings are deployed outside of the United States predominantly in support of the liquidity and regulatory capital requirements of our foreign operations as well as to support growth initiatives overseas. This strategy does not materially limit our ability to meet our liquidity and capital needs in the United States.

Liquidity and Capital Resources Outlook

We maintain sufficient liquidity to meet our cash needs through our cash and cash equivalents balances, cash flows from operations, commercial paper program, credit agreements, and the issuance of long-term debt. As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $4.8 billion in cash and short-term investments, approximately $1.1 billion of which was held by the parent company or nonregulated subsidiaries. We actively monitor our debt obligations and engage in issuance or redemption activities as needed in accordance with our capital management strategy. During the fourth quarter of 2019, we settled a debt exchange that generated additional near-term liquidity through the recognition of current tax losses that will reverse over the remaining life of the debt. A description of our outstanding debt, including further discussion of the debt exchange completed in the fourth quarter of 2019, can be found in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

During the first quarter of 2019, our unfunded pension liability increased by approximately $140 million due to the settlement of the Amara litigation, as described more fully in Notes 13 and 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, our pension liability will be re-measured at December 31, 2019 using updated pension assets and valuation assumptions, including discount rates. As of September 30, 2019, discount rates had declined approximately 110 basis points since December 31, 2018. If year-end discount rates and pension assets were to remain at the levels as of September 30, 2019, our pension liability would increase by approximately $300 million, resulting in an after-tax charge to accumulated other comprehensive income of approximately $240 million. However, we cannot predict the actual amount of the year-end adjustment as it will depend on discount rates activity and investment performance during the fourth quarter of 2019. Our required contributions for 2019 under the Pension Protection Act of 2006 remain unchanged and were immaterial. We currently expect 2020 required contributions to be immaterial. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our pension plans.

Our cash projections may not be realized and the demand for funds could exceed available cash if our ongoing businesses experience unexpected shortfalls in earnings or we experience material adverse effects from one or more risks or uncertainties described more fully in the Risk Factors section of our 2018 Form 10-K. Though we believe we have adequate sources of liquidity, significant disruption or volatility in the capital and credit markets could affect our ability to access those markets for additional borrowings or

increase costs. In addition to the sources of liquidity discussed above, the parent company can borrow an additional $1.1 billion from its insurance subsidiaries without additional state approval.

Guarantees and Contractual Obligations

We are contingently liable for various contractual obligations entered into in the ordinary course of business. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of various guarantees.

We have updated the long-term debt and purchase obligations as of September 30, 2019 previously provided in our 2018 Form 10-K.

		Less than 1	1-3	4-5	After 5
(In millions, on an undiscounted basis)	Total	year⁽¹⁾	years	years	years
On-Balance Sheet
Long-term debt ⁽¹⁾	50,190	368	9,287	9,397	31,138
Off-Balance Sheet
Purchase obligations	2,989	830	1,484	558	117

(1) Amounts reflect cash obligations for the remainder of 2019 and do not include amounts related to current maturities of long-term debt. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our long-term debt.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if:

it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made; and

changes in the estimate or different estimates that could have been selected could have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

Management has discussed how critical accounting estimates are developed and selected with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and the Audit Committee has reviewed the disclosures presented in our 2018 Form 10-K. We regularly evaluate items that may impact critical accounting estimates. Our most critical accounting estimates, as well as the effect of hypothetical changes in material assumptions used to develop each estimate, are described in the 2018 Form 10-K. As of September 30, 2019, there were no significant changes to the critical accounting estimates from what was reported in our 2018 Form 10-K.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Our annual evaluations of goodwill and other intangible assets for impairments were completed during the third quarter of 2019. These evaluations were performed at the reporting unit level, based on discounted cash flow analyses or market data. The estimated fair value of each of our reporting units exceeded their carrying values by sufficient margins.

Management believes the current assumptions used to estimate amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience significantly differs from the assumptions used in estimating amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, and in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on liquidity and our financial condition.

SEGMENT REPORTING

The following section of this MD&A discusses the results of each of our segments. As a result of the Express Scripts acquisition, during the fourth quarter of 2018, we changed our segment reporting to reflect the new management and business reporting structure of the combined company. Prior year segment information presented in this Form 10-Q was restated to conform to the new segment presentation. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our segments.

In segment discussions, we present adjusted revenues and “pre-tax adjusted income from operations,” defined as income before taxes excluding realized investment gains (losses), amortization of acquired intangible assets, results of transitioning clients and special items. Ratios presented in this segment discussion exclude the same items as pre-tax adjusted income from operations. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of these metrics and a reconciliation of income before income taxes

to pre-tax adjusted income from operations, as well as a reconciliation of total revenues to adjusted revenues. Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements also explains two additional items that are important in understanding our segment results: 1) segment revenues include both external revenues and sales between segments that are eliminated in Corporate; and 2) beginning in the first quarter of 2019, compensation cost for stock options is recorded by the segments. Prior year segment information was not restated for the change in stock option reporting.

In these segment discussions, we also present “pre-tax adjusted margin,” defined as adjusted income from operations before taxes divided by adjusted revenues.

See the MD&A Executive Overview beginning on page 52 for summarized financial results of each of our segments.

Health Services Segment

The Health Services segment includes the pharmacy benefit management, pharmacy home delivery and certain medical management services. This segment includes Express Scripts’ business from the December 20, 2018 date of acquisition except for Express Scripts’ Medicare Part D business that is reported in the Government operating segment. This segment also includes Cigna’s legacy mail order pharmacy business. Due to the timing of the acquisition, results of operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 did not include results from the Express Scripts’ business. The main driver of period over period increases in the financial information presented below is the inclusion of results from the Express Scripts’ business in 2019. As described in the introduction to Segment Reporting on page 60, performance of the Health Services segment is measured using pre-tax adjusted income from operations.

The key factors that impact Health Services revenues and costs of revenues are volume, mix and price. These key factors are discussed further below. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2018 Form 10-K for additional information on revenue and cost recognition policies for this segment.

As our clients’ claim volumes increase or decrease, our resulting revenues and cost of revenues correspondingly increase or decrease. Our gross profit could also increase or decrease as a result of changes in purchasing discounts.

The mix of claims generally considers the type of drug and distribution method used for dispensing and fulfilling. As our mix of drugs changes, our resulting pharmacy revenues and cost of revenues correspondingly may increase or decrease. The primary driver of fluctuations within our mix of claims is the generic fill rate. Generally, higher generic fill rates reduce revenues, as generic drugs are typically priced lower than the branded drugs they replace. However, as ingredient cost paid to pharmacies on generic drugs is incrementally lower than the price charged to our clients, higher generic fill rates generally have a favorable impact on our gross profit. The home delivery generic fill rate is currently lower than the network generic fill rate as fewer generic substitutions are available among maintenance medications (such as therapies for chronic conditions) commonly dispensed from home delivery pharmacies as compared to acute medications that are primarily dispensed by pharmacies in our retail networks.

Our client contract pricing is impacted by our ability to negotiate supply chain contracts for pharmacy network, pharmaceutical and wholesaler purchasing, and manufacturer rebates. As we seek to improve the effectiveness of our integrated solutions for the benefit of our clients, we are continuously innovating and optimizing the supply chain. Inflation also impacts our pricing because most of our contracts provide that we bill clients and pay pharmacies based on a generally recognized price index for pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the rate of inflation for prescription drugs and our efforts to manage this inflation for our clients can affect our revenues and cost of revenues.

In this MD&A, we present revenues and gross profit “excluding transitioning clients” in addition to those metrics including transitioning clients. Pre-tax adjusted income from operations and pre-tax adjusted margin exclude contributions from transitioning clients. See the “Key Transactions and Developments” section on page 55 of this MD&A for further discussion of transitioning clients and why we present this information.

Results of Operations

Financial Summary	Three Months Ended September 30,					Change Favorable		Nine Months Ended September 30,					Change Favorable
(In millions)	2019		2018			(Unfavorable)		2019		2018			(Unfavorable)
Total revenues	$	27,598	$	1,109		N/M	%	$	82,534	$	3,293		N/M	%
Less: revenue contributions from transitioning clients		(2,718)		-		N/M	%		(11,657)		-		N/M	%
Adjusted revenues	$	24,880	$	1,109		N/M	%	$	70,877	$	3,293		N/M	%
Gross profit	$	2,192	$	90		N/M	%	$	6,631	$	291		N/M	%
Gross profit excluding transitioning clients	$	1,880	$	90		N/M	%	$	4,887	$	291		N/M	%
Pre-tax adjusted income from operations	$	1,399	$	67		N/M	%	$	3,555	$	227		N/M	%
Pre-tax adjusted margin		5.6	%	6.0	%	(40)	bps		5.0	%	6.9	%	(190)	bps

		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars and adjusted scripts in millions)		2019		2019
Selected Financial Information⁽¹⁾
Pharmacy revenue by distribution channel
Network revenues	$	10,911	$	29,937
Home delivery and specialty revenues		11,650		34,198
Other revenues		1,228		3,608
Total pharmacy revenues	$	23,789	$	67,743
Pharmacy script volume
Adjusted network scripts⁽²⁾		242		687
Adjusted home delivery and specialty scripts⁽²⁾		70		211
Total adjusted scripts⁽²⁾		312		898
Generic fill rate
Network		87.1%		87.5%
Home delivery		84.2%		84.2%
Overall generic fill rate		86.7%		87.1%

(1)Amounts exclude contributions from transitioning clients.

(2)Non-specialty network scripts filled through 90-day programs and home delivery scripts are multiplied by three. All other network and specialty scripts are counted as one script.

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 versus Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

This segment includes Express Scripts’ business from the date of acquisition by the Company on December 20, 2018 with the exception of Express Scripts’ Medicare Part D business that is reported in the Government operating segment. In the third quarter of 2019, Integrated Medical’s Commercial customers transitioned to Express Scripts’ retail pharmacy network. Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflect only Cigna’s legacy mail order pharmacy business.

The main driver of period over period increases in the financial information was the results from the Express Scripts’ business in 2019. The Health Services segment reflects strong performance, including customer growth, adjusted pharmacy scripts volume, specialty pharmacy care and management of supply chain.

Integrated Medical Segment

The Integrated Medical segment includes the businesses previously reported in “Global Health Care” except as follows: 1) international health care products are now reported in the International Markets segment; 2) mail order pharmacy business is now reported in the Health Services segment; and 3) Medicare supplement business previously reported in “Global Supplemental Benefits” is now reported in Integrated Medical.

The business section of our 2018 Form 10-K (see the “Integrated Medical” section beginning on page 3) describes the various products and funding solutions offered by this segment, including the various revenue sources. As described in the introduction to Segment Reporting on page 60, performance of the Integrated Medical segment is measured using pre-tax adjusted income from operations. Key factors affecting profitability for this segment include:

customer growth;

revenues from integrated specialty products, including pharmacy services, sold to clients and customers across all funding solutions;

percentage of Medicare Advantage customers in plans eligible for quality bonus payments;

benefit expenses as a percentage of premiums (medical care ratio or “MCR”) for our insured commercial and government businesses; and

selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of adjusted revenues (expense ratio).

Results of Operations

Financial Summary	Three Months Ended September 30,					Change Favorable		Nine Months Ended September 30,					Change Favorable
(In millions)	2019		2018			(Unfavorable)		2019		2018			(Unfavorable)
Adjusted revenues	$	9,148	$	8,174		12	%	$	27,311	$	24,494		12	%
Pre-tax adjusted income from operations	$	953	$	932		2	%	$	3,113	$	2,859		9	%
Adjusted pre-tax margin		10.4	%	11.4	%	(100)	bps		11.4	%	11.7	%	(30)	bps
Medical care ratio		80.5	%	78.3	%	(220)	bps		80.3	%	78.3	%	(200)	bps
Expense ratio		23.2	%	24.5	%	130	bps		22.3	%	24.2	%	190	bps

								As of September 30,
(In thousands)								2019		2018			% Change
Integrated Medical Customers
Commercial risk									2,078		1,880		11	%
Government									1,374		1,402		(2)	%
Total risk									3,452		3,282		5	%
Service									12,043		12,019		-	%
Total									15,495		15,301		1	%

								As of		As of
(In millions)								September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018			% Change
Unpaid claims and claim expenses – Integrated Medical								$	3,061	$	2,697		13	%

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 versus Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Adjusted revenues. The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same periods in 2018 reflect higher revenues in both our Commercial and Government operating segments. The increase in the Commercial segment reflects customer growth in our risk business as well as higher premium rates due to underlying medical cost trend. The increase in the Government segment reflects the addition of Express Scripts’ Medicare Part D business.

Pre-tax adjusted income from operations. The increases for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same periods in 2018 reflect strong ongoing performance in our Commercial segment, including increased contributions from our commercial risk business and specialty products, partially offset by lower margins in our Individual business.

Medical care ratio. As expected, the medical care ratio increased for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018, primarily reflecting an additional business day in third quarter 2019 as compared to 2018, the pricing impact of

the suspension of the health insurance industry tax in 2019, as well as a higher Individual business loss ratio. As expected, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018, the medical care ratio increased reflecting the pricing impact of the suspension of the health insurance industry tax in 2019, business mix related to the addition of Express Scripts’ Medicare Part D business, as well as a higher Individual business loss ratio.

Expense ratio. The expense ratio decreased for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same periods in 2018, primarily reflecting higher risk revenues and the suspension of the health insurance industry tax in 2019.

Other Items Affecting Integrated Medical Results

Unpaid Claims and Claim Expenses

Our unpaid claims and claim expenses liability was higher as of September 30, 2019 compared with December 31, 2018, primarily due to seasonality in our stop loss products, as well as customer growth.

Medical Customers

Our medical customer base was higher at September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018, primarily reflecting growth in our Select and Middle Market segments partially offset by lower membership in our National Accounts segment.

A medical customer is defined as a person meeting any one of the following criteria:

is covered under a medical insurance policy, managed care arrangement or service agreement issued by us;

has access to our provider network for covered services under their medical plan; or

has medical claims that are administered by us.

International Markets Segment

The International Markets segment includes supplemental health, life and accident business previously reported in the “Global Supplemental Benefits” segment, except for our Medicare Supplement business that is now reported in the Integrated Medical segment and certain international businesses in run-off that are now reported in Group Disability and Other. International Markets also includes health care products previously reported in the former “Global Health Care” segment.

As described in the introduction to Segment Reporting on page 60, performance of the International Markets segment is measured using pre-tax adjusted income from operations. Key factors affecting pre-tax adjusted income from operations for this segment are:

premium growth, including new business and customer retention;

benefit expenses as a percentage of premiums (loss ratio);

selling, general and administrative expense and acquisition expense as a percentage of revenues (expense ratio and acquisition cost ratio); and

the impact of foreign currency movements.

Results of Operations

Financial Summary	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change Favorable			Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change Favorable
(In millions)	2019		2018		(Unfavorable)			2019		2018		(Unfavorable)
Adjusted revenues	$	1,402	$	1,326		6	%	$	4,185	$	4,011		4	%
Pre-tax adjusted income from operations	$	194	$	195		(1)	%	$	607	$	615		(1)	%
Pre-tax adjusted margin		13.8	%	14.7	%	(90)	bps		14.5	%	15.3	%	(80)	bps
Loss ratio		57.6	%	57.1	%	(50)	bps		56.8	%	56.7	%	(10)	bps
Acquisition cost ratio		13.0	%	12.7	%	(30)	bps		13.0	%	12.8	%	(20)	bps
Expense ratio (excluding acquisition costs)		19.0	%	18.7	%	(30)	bps		19.0	%	18.3	%	(70)	bps

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 versus Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Adjusted revenues increased mainly due to business growth in Europe, the Middle East and South Korea and the acquisition of OnePath Life in New Zealand in the fourth quarter of 2018. These increases are partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency movements.

Pre-tax adjusted income from operations decreased due to unfavorable foreign currency movements along with higher benefit, acquisition and operating expenses, partially offset by the acquisition of OnePath Life and business growth in China.

The segment’s loss ratio was less favorable due to higher claims in Asia, largely offset by reserve updates.

The acquisition cost ratio increased due to higher amortization in South Korea. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, higher acquisition expense in Taiwan also contributed to the increase, partially offset by the acquisition of OnePath Life.

The increase in the expense ratio (excluding acquisition costs) was driven by strategic investments for long-term growth and integration of OnePath Life.

Other Items Affecting International Markets Results

South Korea is the single largest geographic market for our International Markets segment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, South Korea generated 37% of the segment’s adjusted revenues and 61% of the segment’s pre-tax adjusted income from operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our International Markets segment operations in South Korea represented 2% of our consolidated adjusted revenues and 6% of consolidated pre-tax adjusted income from operations.

Group Disability and Other

Group Disability and Other includes the results of the business previously reported in the “Group Disability and Life” segment and “Other Operations” comprising the corporate-owned life insurance (“COLI”) business along with run-off of the following businesses: 1) reinsurance; 2) settlement annuity; and 3) the sold individual life insurance and annuity and retirement benefits businesses. In addition, certain international run-off business previously reported in the “Global Supplemental Benefits” segment is now reported in Group Disability and Other.

As described in the introduction of Segment Reporting on page 60, performance of Group Disability and Other is measured using pre-tax adjusted income from operations. Key factors affecting pre-tax adjusted income from operations are:

premium growth, including new business and customer retention;

net investment income;

benefit expenses as a percentage of premiums (loss ratio); and

selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of revenues excluding net investment income (expense ratio).

Results of Operations

Financial Summary	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change Favorable			Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change Favorable
(In millions)	2019		2018		(Unfavorable)			2019		2018		(Unfavorable)
Adjusted revenues	$	1,284	$	1,262		2	%	$	3,889	$	3,815		2	%
Pre-tax adjusted income from operations	$	143	$	143		-	%	$	376	$	420		(10)	%
Pre-tax adjusted margin		11.1	%	11.3	%	(20)	bps		9.7	%	11.0	%	(130)	bps

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 versus Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Adjusted revenues increased, due to business growth in the group disability, life and voluntary businesses, partially offset by the continued run-off of international business and lower investment income.

Pre-tax adjusted income from operations and margin is flat for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018, the decrease is a result of unfavorable disability claims experience.

Corporate

Corporate reflects amounts not allocated to operating segments, including net interest expense (defined as interest on corporate debt less net investment income on investments not supporting segment and other operations), certain litigation matters, expense associated with our frozen pension plans, charitable contributions, severance, certain overhead and project costs and intersegment eliminations for products and services sold between segments. As discussed in the introduction to Segment Reporting on page 60, beginning in the first quarter of 2019, compensation cost for stock options is now recorded by the segments. Prior year results for Corporate were not restated to reflect this change.

Financial Summary	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change Favorable (Unfavorable)	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
(In millions)	2019		2018			2019		2018
Pre-tax adjusted loss from operations	$	(442)	$	(83)	N/M	$	(1,385)	$	(255)	N/M

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 versus Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Pre-tax adjusted loss from operations was higher, reflecting interest expense on debt issued in the third quarter of 2018 to finance the Express Scripts acquisition and debt assumed from Express Scripts.

INVESTMENT ASSETS

The following table presents our investment asset portfolio excluding separate account assets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Additional information regarding our investment assets is included in Notes 9, 10, 11 and 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

	September 30,		December 31,
(In millions)	2019		2018
Debt securities	$	24,161	$	22,928
Equity securities		288		548
Commercial mortgage loans		1,886		1,858
Policy loans		1,352		1,423
Other long-term investments		2,363		1,901
Short-term investments		225		316
Total	$	30,275	$	28,974

Debt Securities

Investments in debt securities include publicly-traded and privately-placed bonds, mortgage and other asset-backed securities and preferred stocks redeemable by the investor. These investments are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value on our balance sheet. Additional information regarding valuation methodologies, key inputs and controls is included in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. More detailed information about debt securities by type of issuer and maturity dates is included in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table reflects our portfolio of debt securities by type of issuer as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

	September 30,		December 31,
(In millions)	2019		2018
Federal government and agency	$	757	$	710
State and local government		864		985
Foreign government		2,197		2,362
Corporate		19,809		18,361
Mortgage and other asset-backed		534		510
Total	$	24,161	$	22,928

Our debt securities portfolio increased during the nine months of 2019 reflecting increased valuations due to decreases in market yields, partially offset by net sales and maturities. As of September 30, 2019, $21.7 billion, or 90% of the debt securities in our investment portfolio were investment grade (Baa and above, or equivalent) and the remaining $2.4 billion were below investment grade. The majority of the bonds that are below investment grade are rated at the higher end of the non-investment grade spectrum.

These quality characteristics have not materially changed from the prior year and are consistent with our investment strategy. Investments in debt securities are diversified by issuer, geography and industry as appropriate.

Foreign government obligations are concentrated in Asia, primarily South Korea, consistent with our risk management practice and local regulatory requirements of our international business operations. Corporate debt securities include private placement assets of $7.4 billion. These investments are generally less marketable than publicly-traded bonds; however yields on these investments tend to be higher than yields on publicly-traded bonds with comparable credit risk. We perform a credit analysis of each issuer and require financial and other covenants that allow us to monitor issuers for deteriorating financial strength and pursue remedial actions, if warranted.

In addition to amounts classified as debt securities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, we participate in an insurance joint venture in China with a 50% ownership interest. This entity had an investment portfolio of approximately $7.4 billion supporting its business that is primarily invested in Chinese corporate and government debt securities. We account for this joint venture on the equity method of accounting and report it in other assets. There were no investments with a material unrealized loss as of September 30, 2019.

Commercial Mortgage Loans

Our commercial mortgage loans are fixed rate loans, diversified by property type, location and borrower. Loans are secured by high quality commercial properties and are generally made at less than 70% of the property’s value at origination of the loan. Property value, debt service coverage, quality, building tenancy and stability of cash flows are all important financial underwriting considerations. We hold no direct residential mortgage loans and do not originate or service securitized mortgage loans.

Commercial real estate capital markets remain very active for well-leased, quality commercial real estate located in strong institutional investment markets. The vast majority of properties securing the mortgages in our mortgage loan portfolio possess these characteristics.

As of September 30, 2019, the $1.9 billion commercial mortgage loan portfolio consisted of approximately 65 loans that are generally in good standing. Given the quality and diversity of the underlying real estate, positive debt service coverage and significant borrower cash investment generally ranging between 30 and 40%, we remain confident that borrowers will continue to perform as expected under their contract terms.

Other Long-term Investments

Other long-term investments of $ 2.4 billion as of September 30, 2019 included investments in securities limited partnerships and real estate limited partnerships as well as direct investments in real estate joint ventures. These entities typically invest in mezzanine debt or equity of privately-held companies (securities partnerships) and equity real estate. Given our subordinate position in the capital structure of these underlying entities, we assume a higher level of risk for higher expected returns. To mitigate risk, these investments are diversified across approximately 150 separate partnerships and approximately 75 general partners who manage one or more of these partnerships. Also, the underlying investments are diversified by industry sector or property type and geographic region. No single partnership investment exceeded 5% of our securities and real estate partnership portfolio.

Problem and Potential Problem Investments

“Problem” bonds and commercial mortgage loans are either delinquent by 60 days or more or have been restructured as to terms, including concessions by us for modification of interest rate, principal payment or maturity date. “Potential problem” bonds and commercial mortgage loans are considered current (no payment is more than 59 days past due), but management believes they have certain characteristics that increase the likelihood that they may become problems.

The amount of problem or potential problem investments as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was not material.

Investment Outlook

Public equity markets rebounded during the first nine months of 2019, reflecting the continued strength of the U.S. economy. However, concerns related to trade and tariffs continue to contribute to financial market volatility. We continue to closely monitor global macroeconomic conditions and trends, including uncertainty caused by the United Kingdom’s process of exiting the European Union, and their potential impact on our investment portfolio. We expect continued volatility in certain sectors, such as retail, energy and natural gas. Future realized and unrealized investment results will be driven largely by market conditions that exist when a transaction occurs or at the reporting date. These future conditions are not reasonably predictable; however, we believe that the vast majority of our investments will continue to perform under their contractual terms. Based on our strategy to match the duration of

invested assets to the duration of insurance and contractholder liabilities, we expect to hold a significant portion of these assets for the long term. Although future impairment losses resulting from interest rate movements and credit deterioration due to both investment-specific and the global economic uncertainties discussed above remain possible, we do not expect these losses to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or liquidity.

MARKET RISK

Financial Instruments

Our assets and liabilities include certain financial instruments subject to the risk of potential losses from adverse changes in market rates and prices. Our primary market risk exposures are interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk. We encourage you to read this in conjunction with “Market Risk – Financial Instruments” included in the MD&A section of our 2018 Form 10-K. As of September 30, 2019, there were no material changes in our risk exposures from those reported in our 2018 Form 10-K.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Information responsive to this item is contained under the caption “Market Risk” in Item 2 above, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Based on an evaluation of the effectiveness of Cigna’s disclosure controls and procedures conducted under the supervision and with the participation of Cigna’s management, Cigna’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, Cigna’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Cigna in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to Cigna’s management, including Cigna’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

On December 20, 2018, Cigna acquired Express Scripts (see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). As of September 30, 2019, management is in the process of evaluating and integrating the internal controls of the acquired Express Scripts business into the Company’s existing operations. Other than the controls enhanced or implemented to integrate the Express Scripts business, there have been no changes in Cigna’s internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Cigna’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information contained under “Litigation Matters” and “Regulatory Matters” in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

For information regarding factors that could affect the Company's results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, see the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table provides information about Cigna’s share repurchase activity for the quarter ended September 30, 2019:

	Total # of shares purchased⁽¹⁾	Average price paid per share		Total # of shares purchased as part of publicly announced program⁽²⁾	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased as part of publicly announced program⁽³⁾
Period	Total # of shares purchased⁽¹⁾	Average price paid per share
July 1-31, 2019	1,167,011	$	168.59	1,163,539	$	882,347,156
August 1-31, 2019	1,559,862	$	159.49	1,556,008	$	634,190,125
September 1-30, 2019	1,474,597	$	157.64	1,469,461	$	402,544,473
Total	4,201,470	$	161.37	4,189,008		N/A

(1) Represents shares tendered by employees under the Company’s equity compensation plans as follows: 1) payment of taxes on vesting of restricted stock (grants and units) and strategic performance shares and 2) payment of the exercise price and taxes for certain stock options exercised. Employees tendered 3,472 shares in July, 3,854 shares in August and 5,136 shares in September 2019.

(2) Additionally, the Company maintains a share repurchase program, authorized by the Board of Directors. Under this program, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time, depending on market conditions and alternate uses of capital. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including price, general business and market conditions and alternate uses of capital. The share repurchase program may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans, open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, each in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. In October 2019, the Board increased repurchase authority by an additional $1.0 billion. From October 1, 2019 through October 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 1.5 million shares for approximately $240 million, leaving repurchase authority at $1.2 billion as of October 30, 2019.

(3) Approximate dollar value of shares is as of the last date of the applicable month.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Number	Description	Method of Filing
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	Filed herewith.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	Filed herewith.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350	Furnished herewith.
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Cigna Corporation pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350	Furnished herewith.
101	Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cigna Corporation for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 formatted in inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Total Equity; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow; and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	Filed herewith.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)	Filed herewith.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: October 31, 2019

	CIGNA CORPORATION

	By:	/s/ Eric P. Palmer
	Eric P. Palmer
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial Officer)