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CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORP - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
 (Mark one)
þ        QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019.
 ¨       TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. 
For the transition period from _____________________ to _____________________.
Commission file number 0-4604
CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Ohio
 
31-0746871
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification
No.)
 
 
 
6200 S. Gilmore Road, Fairfield, Ohio
 
45014-5141
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (513) 870-2000
N/A
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock
CINF
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 
þYes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
þYes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
þ Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Nonaccelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company
¨ Emerging growth company
¨ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):
¨Yes þ No
As of April 19, 2019, there were 163,229,828 shares of common stock outstanding.




CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2019
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Results
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 2



Part I – Financial Information
Item 1.    Financial Statements (unaudited)
 
Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Assets
 
 

 
 

Investments
 
 

 
 

Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2019—$10,734; 2018—$10,643)
 
$
11,022

 
$
10,689

Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2019—$3,381; 2018—$3,368)
 
6,571

 
5,920

Other invested assets
 
271

 
123

Total investments
 
17,864

 
16,732

Cash and cash equivalents
 
802

 
784

Investment income receivable
 
128

 
132

Finance receivable
 
72

 
71

Premiums receivable
 
1,785

 
1,644

Reinsurance recoverable
 
527

 
484

Prepaid reinsurance premiums
 
50

 
44

Deferred policy acquisition costs
 
751

 
738

Land, building and equipment, net, for company use (accumulated depreciation:
   2019—$265; 2018—$265)
 
202

 
195

Other assets
 
340

 
308

Separate accounts
 
831

 
803

Total assets
 
$
23,352

 
$
21,935

 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 

 
 

Insurance reserves
 
 

 
 

Loss and loss expense reserves
 
$
5,944

 
$
5,707

Life policy and investment contract reserves
 
2,784

 
2,779

Unearned premiums
 
2,717

 
2,516

Other liabilities
 
752

 
804

Deferred income tax
 
817

 
627

Note payable
 
32

 
32

Long-term debt and lease obligations
 
845

 
834

Separate accounts
 
831

 
803

Total liabilities
 
14,722

 
14,102

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 12)
 


 


 
 
 
 
 
Shareholders' Equity
 
 

 
 

Common stock, par value—$2 per share; (authorized: 2019 and 2018—500 million
   shares; issued: 2019 and 2018—198.3 million shares)
 
397

 
397

Paid-in capital
 
1,277

 
1,281

Retained earnings
 
8,229

 
7,625

Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
210

 
22

Treasury stock at cost (2019—35.1 million shares and 2018—35.5 million shares)
 
(1,483
)
 
(1,492
)
Total shareholders' equity
 
8,630

 
7,833

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
 
$
23,352

 
$
21,935

 
 
 
 
 
 Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 3



Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Three months ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues
 

 
 

Earned premiums
$
1,333

 
$
1,260

Investment income, net of expenses
157

 
150

Investment gains and losses, net
663

 
(191
)
Fee revenues
4

 
4

Other revenues
2

 
1

Total revenues
2,159

 
1,224

Benefits and Expenses
 

 
 

Insurance losses and contract holders' benefits
860

 
854

Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses
411

 
403

Interest expense
13

 
13

Other operating expenses
8

 
4

 Total benefits and expenses
1,292

 
1,274

Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
867

 
(50
)
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
 

 
 

Current
28

 
28

Deferred
144

 
(47
)
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes
172

 
(19
)
Net Income (Loss)
$
695

 
$
(31
)
Per Common Share
 

 
 

Net income (loss)—basic
$
4.27

 
$
(0.19
)
Net income (loss)—diluted
4.22

 
(0.19
)
 
 
 
 
Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 4



Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Net Income (Loss)
 
$
695

 
$
(31
)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 

 
 

Change in unrealized gains on investments, net of tax (benefit) of $50 and ($46),
  respectively
 
192

 
(175
)
Amortization of pension actuarial loss and prior service cost, net of tax of $0 and $0,
  respectively
 

 

Change in life deferred acquisition costs, life policy reserves and other, net of tax (benefit) of $(1) and $1, respectively
 
(4
)
 
5

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
188

 
(170
)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
$
883

 
$
(201
)
 
 
 
 
 
Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 5



Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
   Beginning of year
 
$
397

 
$
397

   Share-based awards
 

 

   End of period
 
397

 
397

 
 
 
 
 
Paid-In Capital
 
 
 
 
   Beginning of year
 
1,281

 
1,265

   Share-based awards
 
(14
)
 
(17
)
   Share-based compensation
 
9

 
9

   Other
 
1

 
1

   End of period
 
1,277

 
1,258

 
 
 
 
 
Retained Earnings
 
 
 
 
   Beginning of year
 
7,625

 
5,180

Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities as of January 1, 2018
 

 
2,503

Adjusted beginning of year
 
7,625

 
7,683

   Net income (loss)
 
695

 
(31
)
   Dividends declared (per share of $0.56 for 2019 and $0.53 for 2018)
 
(91
)
 
(87
)
   End of period
 
8,229

 
7,565

 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
   Beginning of year
 
22

 
2,788

Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities as of January 1, 2018
 

 
(2,503
)
Adjusted beginning of year
 
22

 
285

   Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
188

 
(170
)
   End of period
 
210

 
115

 
 
 
 
 
Treasury Stock
 
 
 
 
   Beginning of year
 
(1,492
)
 
(1,387
)
   Share-based awards
 
13

 
14

   Shares acquired - share repurchase authorization
 

 
(15
)
   Shares acquired - share-based compensation plans
 
(5
)
 
(2
)
   Other
 
1

 
1

   End of period
 
(1,483
)
 
(1,389
)
 
 
 
 
 
      Total Shareholders' Equity
 
$
8,630

 
$
7,946

 
 
 
 
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
Common Stock - Shares Outstanding
 
 
 
 
   Beginning of year
 
162.8

 
163.9

   Share-based awards
 
0.4

 
0.4

   Shares acquired - share repurchase authorization
 

 
(0.2
)
   End of period
 
163.2

 
164.1

 
 
 
 
 
Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 6



Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 (Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
 
 

 
 

Net income (loss)
 
$
695

 
$
(31
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
 
19

 
18

Investment gains and losses, net
 
(660
)
 
191

Share-based compensation
 
9

 
9

Interest credited to contract holders'
 
11

 
11

Deferred income tax expense
 
144

 
(47
)
Changes in:
 
 

 
 

Investment income receivable
 
4

 
10

Premiums and reinsurance receivable
 
(95
)
 
(26
)
Deferred policy acquisition costs
 
(24
)
 
(10
)
Other assets
 
(25
)
 
(8
)
Loss and loss expense reserves
 
(40
)
 
72

Life policy and investment contract reserves
 
22

 
21

Unearned premiums
 
113

 
55

Other liabilities
 
(93
)
 
(137
)
Current income tax receivable/payable
 
120

 
26

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
200

 
154

Cash Flows From Investing Activities
 
 

 
 

Sale of fixed maturities
 
1

 
5

Call or maturity of fixed maturities
 
269

 
393

Sale of equity securities
 
31

 
104

Purchase of fixed maturities
 
(289
)
 
(438
)
Purchase of equity securities
 
(26
)
 
(110
)
Investment in finance receivables
 
(8
)
 
(6
)
Collection of finance receivables
 
7

 
6

Investment in buildings and equipment
 
(5
)
 
(3
)
Change in other invested assets, net
 
(36
)
 
(5
)
Net cash used in investing activities
 
(56
)
 
(54
)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
 
 

 
 

Payment of cash dividends to shareholders
 
(85
)
 
(80
)
Shares acquired - share repurchase authorization
 

 
(15
)
Proceeds from stock options exercised
 
3

 
4

Contract holders' funds deposited
 
19

 
21

Contract holders' funds withdrawn
 
(44
)
 
(46
)
Other
 
(19
)
 
(37
)
Net cash used in financing activities
 
(126
)
 
(153
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
 
18

 
(53
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
 
784

 
657

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 
$
802

 
$
604

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
 
 

 
 

Income taxes received
 
$
94

 
$

Noncash Activities
 
 

 
 

Conversion of securities
 
$

 
$
3

Equipment acquired under capital lease obligations
 
3

 
5

Cashless exercise of stock options
 
5

 
2

Other assets and other liabilities
 
23

 
30

 
 
 
 
 
 Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 7



NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
 
NOTE 1 — Accounting Policies
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cincinnati Financial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, each of which is wholly owned. These statements are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Effective February 28, 2019, the company acquired MSP Underwriting Limited (MSP), a London-based global specialty underwriter. Refer to Note 14, Acquisition, for additional information. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements include MSP’s results for the period from February 28, 2019, through March 31, 2019. Foreign exchange rates related to MSP's operations did not have a material impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Our actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, but that is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted.
 
Our March 31, 2019, condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. We believe that we have made all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals, that are necessary for fair presentation. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for interim periods do not necessarily indicate results to be expected for the full year.

Adopted Accounting Updates
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The main provision of ASU 2016-02 requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The effective date of ASU 2016-02 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 and ASU 2018-11,Targeted Improvements to Topic 842. ASU 2018-10 makes narrow-scope amendments to certain aspects of the new leasing standard while ASU 2018-11 provides relief from costs of implementing certain aspects of the new leasing standard.

The company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019, and it did not have a material impact on our company’s consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations. The company has elected the practical expedient package for carrying forward historical lease classifications, not re-evaluating for embedded leases and not reassessing initial direct costs. The company also elected additional practical expedients to not recognize short-term leases on the balance sheet and to only combine lease and nonlease components for certain asset classes. We also elected not to restate prior periods. In support of its insurance operations, the company leases real estate properties which qualify as operating leases and also leases equipment and autos which qualify as finance leases. The lease term for real estate properties is typically five years while the term for equipment and autos is three to six years.

ASU 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. ASU 2017-08 amends guidance on the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased callable debt securities. The amendments shorten the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased callable debt securities to the earliest call date. The amendments should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings. The effective date of ASU 2017-08 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019, and it did not have a material impact on our company's consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.




Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 8



ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, which currently only includes share-based payments issued to employees, to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for the acquisition of goods and services. The effective date of ASU 2018-07 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019, and it did not have a material impact on our company's consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

Pending Accounting Updates
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 amends previous guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by adding an impairment model that allows an entity to recognize expected credit losses as an allowance rather than impairing as they are incurred. The new guidance is intended to reduce complexity of credit impairment models and result in a more timely recognition of expected credit losses. The effective date of ASU 2016-13 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The ASU has not yet been adopted. Management is currently evaluating the impact on our company's consolidated financial position, cash flows and results of operations.

ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit and income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered. The effective date of ASU 2017-04 is for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests performed in any fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The ASU has not yet been adopted; however, it is not expected to have a material impact on our company's consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

ASU 2018-12, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. ASU 2018-12 is intended to improve the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits and modify the rate used to discount future cash flows. The ASU will simplify and improve the accounting for certain market-based options or guarantees associated with deposit or account balance contracts, simplify amortization of deferred acquisition costs while improving and expanding required disclosures. The effective date of ASU 2018-12 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The ASU has not yet been adopted. Management is currently evaluating the impact on our company's consolidated financial position, cash flows and results of operations.

ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 clarifies the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of ASC 820 by adding, eliminating and modifying disclosures. The effective date of ASU 2018-13 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The ASU has not yet been adopted; however, it is not expected to have a material impact on our company's consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 9



ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Topic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. ASU 2018-14 clarifies the guidance in ASC 715 to add, remove, and clarify disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. The effective date of ASU 2018-14 is for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2020. The ASU has not yet been adopted; however, it is not expected to have a material impact on our company's consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

ASU 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. ASU 2018-15 amends ASC 350 to include implementation costs of a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract and clarifies that a customer should apply ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs should be capitalized in a cloud computing arrangement that is considered a service contract. The effective date of ASU 2018-15 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The ASU has not yet been adopted. Management is currently evaluating the impact on our company's consolidated financial position, cash flows and results of operations.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 10



NOTE 2 – Investments
The following table provides cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value for our fixed-maturity securities:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Cost or
amortized
cost
 
Gross unrealized
 
Fair value
At March 31, 2019
 
 
gains
 
losses
 
Fixed maturity securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate
 
$
5,753

 
$
160

 
$
25

 
$
5,888

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 
4,269

 
153

 
3

 
4,419

Government-sponsored enterprises
 
305

 

 
3

 
302

Commercial mortgage-backed
 
292

 
6

 
1

 
297

United States government
 
99

 
1

 

 
100

Foreign government
 
16

 

 

 
16

Total
 
$
10,734

 
$
320

 
$
32

 
$
11,022

At December 31, 2018
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed maturity securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate
 
$
5,712

 
$
85

 
$
87

 
$
5,710

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 
4,251

 
84

 
31

 
4,304

Government-sponsored enterprises
 
316

 
1

 
7

 
310

Commercial mortgage-backed
 
287

 
3

 
2

 
288

United States government
 
67

 
1

 
1

 
67

Foreign government
 
10

 

 

 
10

Total
 
$
10,643

 
$
174

 
$
128

 
$
10,689

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The net unrealized investment gains in our fixed-maturity portfolio at March 31, 2019, are primarily the result of the continued low interest rate environment that increased the fair value of our fixed-maturity portfolio. Our commercial mortgage-backed securities had an average rating of Aa1/AA at March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, Microsoft Corporation (Nasdaq:MSFT) was our largest single equity holding with a fair value of
$296 million, which was 4.6% of our publicly traded common equities portfolio and 1.7% of the total investment portfolio.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 11



The table below provides fair values and gross unrealized losses by investment category and by the duration of the securities’ continuous unrealized loss positions:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
At March 31, 2019
 
Fair
value
 
Unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
Unrealized
losses
 
Fair
value
 
Unrealized
losses
Fixed maturity securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate
 
$
343

 
$
5

 
$
685

 
$
20

 
$
1,028

 
$
25

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 
10

 

 
237

 
3

 
247

 
3

Government-sponsored enterprises
 
7

 

 
204

 
3

 
211

 
3

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
2

 

 
45

 
1

 
47

 
1

United States government
 

 

 
23

 

 
23

 

Total
 
$
362

 
$
5

 
$
1,194

 
$
27

 
$
1,556

 
$
32

At December 31, 2018
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed maturity securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate
 
$
2,082

 
$
51

 
$
501

 
$
36

 
$
2,583

 
$
87

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 
823

 
18

 
340

 
13

 
1,163

 
31

Government-sponsored enterprises
 
49

 
1

 
211

 
6

 
260

 
7

Commercial mortgage-backed
 
77

 

 
64

 
2

 
141

 
2

United States government
 

 

 
33

 
1

 
33

 
1

Total
 
$
3,031

 
$
70

 
$
1,149

 
$
58

 
$
4,180

 
$
128

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Contractual maturity dates for fixed-maturities investments were:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Amortized
cost
 
Fair
value
 
% of fair
value
At March 31, 2019
 
 
 
Maturity dates:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Due in one year or less
 
$
598

 
$
604

 
5.5
%
Due after one year through five years
 
2,977

 
3,039

 
27.6

Due after five years through ten years
 
3,656

 
3,742

 
33.9

Due after ten years
 
3,503

 
3,637

 
33.0

Total
 
$
10,734

 
$
11,022

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities when there is a right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 12



The following table provides investment income and investment gains and losses, net:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Investment income:
 
 
 
 
Interest
 
$
111

 
$
110

Dividends
 
46

 
42

Other
 
3

 
1

Total
 
160

 
153

Less investment expenses
 
3

 
3

Total
 
$
157

 
$
150

 
 
 
 
 
Investment gains and losses, net:
 
 

 
 

Equity securities:
 
 

 
 

Investment gains and losses on securities sold, net
 
$
4

 
$
3

Unrealized gains and losses on securities still held, net
 
652

 
(198
)
Subtotal
 
656

 
(195
)
Fixed maturities:
 
 

 
 

Gross realized gains
 
2

 
4

Subtotal
 
2

 
4

 
 
 
 
 
Other
 
5

 

Total
 
$
663

 
$
(191
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no fixed-maturity securities other-than-temporarily impaired. There were no credit losses on fixed-maturity securities for which a portion of other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) has been recognized in other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

At March 31, 2019, 358 fixed-maturity securities with a total unrealized loss of $27 million had been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Of that total, no fixed-maturity security had a fair value below 70% of amortized cost. At December 31, 2018, 400 fixed-maturity securities with a total unrealized loss of $58 million had been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Of that total, no fixed-maturity securities had fair values below 70% of amortized cost.
 


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 13



NOTE 3 – Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with accounting guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures, we categorized our financial instruments, based on the priority of the observable and market-based data for the valuation technique used, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices with readily available independent data in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable market inputs (Level 3). When various inputs for measurement fall within different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the lowest observable input that has a significant impact on fair value measurement is used. Our valuation techniques have not changed from those used at December 31, 2018, and ultimately management determines fair value. See our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 3, Fair Value Measurements, Page 141, for information on characteristics and valuation techniques used in determining fair value.

Fair Value Disclosures for Assets
The following tables illustrate the fair value hierarchy for those assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018. We do not have any liabilities carried at fair value. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2.
(Dollars in millions)
 
Quoted prices in
active markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant other
observable inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
At March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, available for sale:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate
 
$

 
$
5,887

 
$
1

 
$
5,888

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 

 
4,415

 
4

 
4,419

Government-sponsored enterprises
 

 
302

 

 
302

Commercial mortgage-backed
 

 
297

 

 
297

United States government
 
100

 

 

 
100

Foreign government
 

 
16

 

 
16

Subtotal
 
100

 
10,917

 
5

 
11,022

Common equities
 
6,381

 

 

 
6,381

Nonredeemable preferred equities
 

 
190

 

 
190

Separate accounts taxable fixed maturities
 

 
820

 

 
820

Top Hat savings plan mutual funds and common
equity (included in Other assets)
 
38

 

 

 
38

Total
 
$
6,519

 
$
11,927

 
$
5

 
$
18,451

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, available for sale:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate
 
$

 
$
5,709

 
$
1

 
$
5,710

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 

 
4,300

 
4

 
4,304

Government-sponsored enterprises
 

 
310

 

 
310

Commercial mortgage-backed
 

 
288

 

 
288

United States government
 
67

 

 

 
67

Foreign government
 

 
10

 

 
10

Subtotal
 
67

 
10,617

 
5

 
10,689

Common equities
 
5,742

 

 

 
5,742

Nonredeemable preferred equities
 

 
178

 

 
178

Separate accounts taxable fixed maturities
 

 
791

 

 
791

Top Hat savings plan mutual funds and common
  equity (included in Other assets)
 
34

 

 

 
34

Total
 
$
5,843

 
$
11,586

 
$
5

 
$
17,434

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 14



 
Each financial instrument that was deemed to have significant unobservable inputs when determining valuation is identified in the following tables by security type with a summary of changes in fair value as of March 31, 2019. Total Level 3 assets continue to be less than 1% of financial assets measured at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Assets presented in the table below were valued based primarily on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. Transfers out of Level 3 included situations where a broker quote was used without observable inputs or data that could be corroborated by our pricing vendors in the prior period and significant other observable inputs were identified in the current period. The quantitative detail of these unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably available to us.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table provides the change in Level 3 assets for the three months ended March 31:
(Dollars in millions)
Asset fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Corporate
fixed
maturities
 
States,
municipalities
and political
subdivisions
fixed maturities
 
Total
Beginning balance, January 1, 2019
 
$
1

 
$
4

 
$
5

Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
 
 
 
 

 
 

Included in net income
 

 

 

Included in other comprehensive income
 

 

 

Purchases
 

 

 

Sales
 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3
 

 

 

Transfers out of Level 3
 

 

 

Ending balance, March 31, 2019
 
$
1

 
$
4

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance, January 1, 2018
 
$
1

 
$
5

 
$
6

Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
 
 
 
 

 
 
Included in net income (loss)
 

 

 

Included in other comprehensive income (loss)
 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Purchases
 

 

 

Sales
 

 

 

Transfers into Level 3
 

 

 

Transfers out of Level 3
 

 

 

Ending balance, March 31, 2018
 
$
1

 
$
4

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

With the exception of the above tables, additional disclosures for the Level 3 category are not material and therefore not provided.

Fair Value Disclosures for Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value
 
The disclosures below are presented to provide information about the effects of current market conditions on financial instruments that are not reported at fair value in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 15



This table summarizes the book value and principal amounts of our long-term debt:
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Book value
 
Principal amount
Interest
rate
 
Year of 
issue
 
 
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
6.900
%
 
1998
 
Senior debentures, due 2028
 
$
27

 
$
27

 
$
28

 
$
28

6.920
%
 
2005
 
Senior debentures, due 2028
 
391

 
391

 
391

 
391

6.125
%
 
2004
 
Senior notes, due 2034
 
370

 
370

 
374

 
374

 

 
 
 
Total
 
$
788

 
$
788

 
$
793

 
$
793

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table shows fair values of our note payable and long-term debt:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Quoted prices in
active markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
At March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
Note payable
 
$

 
$
32

 
$

 
$
32

6.900% senior debentures, due 2028
 

 
33

 

 
33

6.920% senior debentures, due 2028
 

 
486

 

 
486

6.125% senior notes, due 2034
 

 
459

 

 
459

Total
 
$

 
$
1,010

 
$

 
$
1,010

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note payable
 
$

 
$
32

 
$

 
$
32

6.900% senior debentures, due 2028
 

 
32

 

 
32

6.920% senior debentures, due 2028
 

 
471

 

 
471

6.125% senior notes, due 2034
 

 
440

 

 
440

Total
 
$

 
$
975

 
$

 
$
975

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table shows the fair value of our life policy loans included in other invested assets and the fair values of our deferred annuities and structured settlements included in life policy and investment contract reserves:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Quoted prices in
active markets for
identical assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant other
observable inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
At March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
Life policy loans
 
$

 
$

 
$
41

 
$
41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred annuities
 

 

 
751

 
751

Structured settlements
 

 
195

 

 
195

Total
 
$

 
$
195

 
$
751

 
$
946

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life policy loans
 
$

 
$

 
$
40

 
$
40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred annuities
 

 

 
742

 
742

Structured settlements
 

 
185

 

 
185

Total
 
$

 
$
185

 
$
742

 
$
927

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding principal and interest for these life policy loans totaled $32 million and $33 million at March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 16



Recorded reserves for the deferred annuities were $776 million and $787 million at March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. Recorded reserves for the structured settlements were $154 million and $156 million at March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively.



Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 17



NOTE 4 – Property Casualty Loss and Loss Expenses
This table summarizes activity for our consolidated property casualty loss and loss expense reserves:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Gross loss and loss expense reserves, beginning of period
 
$
5,646

 
$
5,219

Less reinsurance recoverable
 
238

 
187

Net loss and loss expense reserves, beginning of period
 
5,408

 
5,032

 
 
 
 
 
  Net loss and loss expense reserves related to acquisition of MSP at February 28, 2019
 
246

 

 
 
 
 
 
Net incurred loss and loss expenses related to:
 
 

 
 

Current accident year
 
857

 
839

Prior accident years
 
(67
)
 
(48
)
Total incurred
 
790

 
791

Net paid loss and loss expenses related to:
 
 

 
 

Current accident year
 
177

 
195

Prior accident years
 
647

 
519

Total paid
 
824

 
714

Net loss and loss expense reserves, end of period
 
5,620

 
5,109

Plus reinsurance recoverable
 
266

 
184

Gross loss and loss expense reserves, end of period
 
$
5,886

 
$
5,293

 
 
 
 
 
 
We use actuarial methods, models and judgment to estimate, as of a financial statement date, the property casualty loss and loss expense reserves required to pay for and settle all outstanding insured claims, including incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims, as of that date. The actuarial estimate is subject to review and adjustment by an inter-departmental committee that includes actuarial, claims, underwriting, loss prevention and accounting management. This committee is familiar with relevant company and industry business, claims and underwriting trends, as well as general economic and legal trends that could affect future loss and loss expense payments. The amount we will actually have to pay for claims can be highly uncertain. This uncertainty, together with the size of our reserves, makes the loss and loss expense reserves our most significant estimate. The reserve for loss and loss expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets also included $58 million at March 31, 2019, and
$52 million at March 31, 2018, for certain life and health loss and loss expense reserves.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we experienced $67 million of favorable development on prior accident years, including $62 million of favorable development in commercial lines, $3 million of unfavorable development in personal lines and $2 million of favorable development in excess and surplus lines. Within commercial lines, we recognized favorable reserve development of $31 million for the commercial casualty line, $15 million for the workers' compensation line and $11 million for the commercial auto line due to reduced uncertainty of prior accident year loss and loss adjustment expense for these lines. Within personal lines, we recognized unfavorable reserve development of $11 million for the homeowner line of business due primarily to higher-than-anticipated loss development on known claims.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we experienced $48 million of favorable development on prior accident years, including $35 million of favorable development in commercial lines, $1 million of favorable development in personal lines, $10 million of favorable development in excess and surplus lines and $2 million of favorable development in our reinsurance assumed operations. This included $7 million from favorable development of catastrophe losses. Within commercial lines, we recognized favorable reserve development of
$21 million for the commercial property line, $13 million for the workers' compensation line, $2 million for the commercial auto line and $4 million for the other commercial lines due to reduced uncertainty of prior accident year loss and loss adjustment expenses for these lines. We recognized unfavorable reserve development of $5 million for the commercial casualty line. The unfavorable reserve development for commercial casualty was primarily due to an increase in case reserves for accident year 2017.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 18



NOTE 5 – Life Policy and Investment Contract Reserves
We establish the reserves for traditional life insurance policies based on expected expenses, mortality, morbidity, withdrawal rates, timing of claim presentation and investment yields, including a provision for uncertainty. Once these assumptions are established, they generally are maintained throughout the lives of the contracts. We use both our own experience and industry experience, adjusted for historical trends, in arriving at our assumptions for expected mortality, morbidity and withdrawal rates as well as for expected expenses. We base our assumptions for expected investment income on our own experience adjusted for current economic conditions.
 
We establish reserves for the company’s deferred annuity, universal life and structured settlement policies equal to the cumulative account balances, which include premium deposits plus credited interest less charges and withdrawals. Some of our universal life policies contain no-lapse guarantee provisions. For these policies, we establish a reserve in addition to the account balance, based on expected no-lapse guarantee benefits and expected policy assessments.

This table summarizes our life policy and investment contract reserves:
(Dollars in millions)
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31, 2018
Life policy reserves:
 
 
 
 
Ordinary/traditional life
 
$
1,168

 
$
1,149

Other
 
48

 
48

Subtotal
 
1,216

 
1,197

Investment contract reserves:
 
 
 
 
Deferred annuities
 
776

 
787

Universal life
 
632

 
632

Structured settlements
 
154

 
156

Other
 
6

 
7

Subtotal
 
1,568

 
1,582

Total life policy and investment contract reserves
 
$
2,784

 
$
2,779

 
 
 
 
 



Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 19



NOTE 6 – Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Expenses directly related to successfully acquired insurance policies – primarily commissions, premium taxes and underwriting costs – are deferred and amortized over the terms of the policies. We update our acquisition cost assumptions periodically to reflect actual experience, and we evaluate the costs for recoverability. The table below shows the deferred policy acquisition costs and asset reconciliation.
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,

 
2019
 
2018
Property casualty:
 
 
 
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, beginning of period
 
$
464

 
$
438

Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs
 
254

 
232

Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs
 
(233
)
 
(224
)
Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, end of period
 
$
485

 
$
446

 
 
 
 
 
Life:
 
 
 
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, beginning of period
 
$
274

 
$
232

Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs
 
16

 
13

Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs
 
(13
)
 
(10
)
Shadow deferred policy acquisition costs
 
(11
)
 
10

Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, end of period
 
$
266

 
$
245

 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated:
 
 
 
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, beginning of period
 
$
738

 
$
670

Capitalized deferred policy acquisition costs
 
270

 
245

Amortized deferred policy acquisition costs
 
(246
)
 
(234
)
Shadow deferred policy acquisition costs
 
(11
)
 
10

Deferred policy acquisition costs asset, end of period
 
$
751

 
$
691

 
 
 
 
 

No premium deficiencies were recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of income, as the sum of the anticipated loss and loss expenses, policyholder dividends and unamortized deferred acquisition expenses did not exceed the related unearned premiums and anticipated investment income.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 20



NOTE 7 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) includes changes in unrealized gains and losses on investments, changes in pension obligations and changes in life deferred acquisition costs, life policy reserves and other as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Three months ended March 31,
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
Before tax
 
Income tax
 
Net
 
 
Before tax
 
Income tax
 
Net
Investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AOCI, beginning of period
$
46

 
$
9

 
$
37

 
 
$
3,540

 
$
733

 
$
2,807

Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities as of January 1, 2018

 

 

 
 
(3,155
)
 
(652
)
 
(2,503
)
Adjusted AOCI, beginning of period
46

 
9

 
37

 
 
385

 
81

 
304

OCI before investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income
244

 
51

 
193

 
 
(217
)
 
(45
)
 
(172
)
Investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
 
(4
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
OCI
242

 
50

 
192

 
 
(221
)
 
(46
)
 
(175
)
AOCI, end of period
$
288

 
$
59

 
$
229

 
 
$
164

 
$
35

 
$
129

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AOCI, beginning of period
$
(16
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(14
)
 
 
$
(12
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(11
)
OCI excluding amortization recognized in net income

 

 

 
 

 

 

Amortization recognized in net income

 

 

 
 

 

 

OCI

 

 

 
 

 

 

AOCI, end of period
$
(16
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(14
)
 
 
$
(12
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(11
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life deferred acquisition costs, life policy reserves and other:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AOCI, beginning of period
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
 
$
(10
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(8
)
OCI before investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income

 

 

 
 
6

 
1

 
5

Investment gains and losses, net, recognized in net income
(5
)
 
(1
)
 
(4
)
 
 

 

 

OCI
(5
)
 
(1
)
 
(4
)
 
 
6

 
1

 
5

AOCI, end of period
$
(6
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(5
)
 
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of AOCI:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AOCI, beginning of period
$
29

 
$
7

 
$
22

 
 
$
3,518

 
$
730

 
$
2,788

Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities as of January 1, 2018

 

 

 
 
(3,155
)
 
(652
)
 
(2,503
)
Adjusted AOCI, beginning of period
29

 
7

 
22

 
 
363

 
78

 
285

Investments OCI
242

 
50

 
192

 
 
(221
)
 
(46
)
 
(175
)
Pension obligations OCI

 

 

 
 

 

 

Life deferred acquisition costs, life policy reserves and other OCI
(5
)
 
(1
)
 
(4
)
 
 
6

 
1

 
5

Total OCI
237

 
49

 
188

 
 
(215
)
 
(45
)
 
(170
)
AOCI, end of period
$
266

 
$
56

 
$
210

 
 
$
148

 
$
33

 
$
115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Investment gains and losses, net, and life deferred acquisition costs, life policy reserves and other investment gains and losses, net, are recorded in the investment gains and losses, net, line item in the condensed

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 21



consolidated statements of income. Amortization on pension obligations is recorded in the insurance losses and contract holders' benefits and underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of income.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 22



NOTE 8 – Reinsurance
Primary components of our property casualty reinsurance assumed operations include involuntary and voluntary assumed risks as well as contracts from our reinsurance assumed operations, known as Cincinnati Re. Primary components of our ceded reinsurance include a property per risk treaty, property excess treaty, casualty per occurrence treaty, casualty excess treaty, property catastrophe treaty and catastrophe bonds and retrocessions on our reinsurance assumed operations. Management's decisions about the appropriate level of risk retention are affected by various factors, including changes in our underwriting practices, capacity to retain risks and reinsurance market conditions.

The table below summarizes our consolidated property casualty insurance net written premiums, earned premiums and incurred loss and loss expenses:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Direct written premiums
 
$
1,335

 
$
1,247

Assumed written premiums
 
87

 
49

Ceded written premiums
 
(41
)
 
(38
)
Net written premiums
 
$
1,381

 
$
1,258

 
 
 
 
 
Direct earned premiums
 
$
1,266

 
$
1,207

Assumed earned premiums
 
43

 
33

Ceded earned premiums
 
(42
)
 
(40
)
Earned premiums
 
$
1,267

 
$
1,200

 
 
 
 
 
Direct incurred loss and loss expenses
 
$
787

 
$
781

Assumed incurred loss and loss expenses
 
25

 
16

Ceded incurred loss and loss expenses
 
(22
)
 
(6
)
Incurred loss and loss expenses
 
$
790

 
$
791

 
 
 
 
 

Our life insurance company purchases reinsurance for protection of a portion of the risks that are written. Primary components of our life reinsurance program include individual mortality coverage, aggregate catastrophe and accidental death coverage in excess of certain deductibles.

The table below summarizes our consolidated life insurance earned premiums and contract holders' benefits incurred:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Direct earned premiums
 
$
83

 
$
77

Ceded earned premiums
 
(17
)
 
(17
)
Earned premiums
 
$
66

 
$
60

 
 
 
 
 
Direct contract holders' benefits incurred
 
85

 
76

Ceded contract holders' benefits incurred
 
(15
)
 
(13
)
Contract holders' benefits incurred
 
$
70

 
$
63

 
 
 
 
 
 
The ceded benefits incurred can vary depending on the type of life insurance policy held and the year the policy was issued.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 23



NOTE 9 – Income Taxes
The differences between the 21% statutory federal income tax rate and our effective income tax rate were as follows:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Tax at statutory rate:
 
$
182

 
21.0
 %
 
$
(11
)
 
21.0
%
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Tax-exempt income from municipal bonds
 
(5
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(5
)
 
10.0

Dividend received exclusion
 
(4
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(3
)
 
6.0

Other
 
(1
)
 
(0.1
)
 

 
1.0

Provision for income taxes
 
$
172

 
19.8
 %
 
$
(19
)
 
38.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The provision for federal income taxes is based upon filing a consolidated income tax return for the company and its subsidiaries.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits
As of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, we had a gross unrecognized tax benefit of $34 million. There were no changes to this amount during the first quarter of 2019.

Acquisition of MSP
As more fully discussed in Note 1, Accounting Policies and Note 14, Acquisition, we closed on the acquisition of MSP during the first quarter of 2019. As a result of this acquisition, $59 million of net deferred tax assets were acquired or established at the acquisition date with an offsetting valuation allowance of $55 million.

Accounting guidance requires deferred tax assets to be reduced by a valuation allowance when management believes it is more likely than not that some, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. After considering all positive and negative evidence related to the MSP operations, we believe it was appropriate to set up a valuation allowance for purposes of our opening MSP balance sheet.

The purchase price allocation to our MSP deferred tax assets and corresponding valuation allowance is subject to further post-closing adjustments based on the actual net asset value (NAV) of MSP and its subsidiaries at closing, pursuant to the procedures set forth in the sale and purchase agreement.

As a result of first quarter operations, there were immaterial changes to the MSP valuation allowance as of March 31, 2019.

As of March 31, 2019, MSP had operating loss carryforwards of $192 million which are subject to certain limitations. These MSP losses can only be utilized within the MSP group and cannot offset the income of our CFC group. Other than the MSP loss carryforwards, we had no other operating or capital loss carryforwards as of March 31, 2019.





Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 24



NOTE 10 – Net Income Per Common Share
Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. The table shows calculations for basic and diluted earnings per share:
(In millions, except per share data)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Numerator:
 
 

 
 

Net income (loss)—basic and diluted
 
$
695

 
$
(31
)
Denominator:
 
 

 
 

Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding
 
163.0

 
164.0

Effect of share-based awards:
 
 

 
 

Stock options
 
0.9

 

Nonvested shares
 
0.7

 

Diluted weighted-average shares
 
164.6

 
164.0

Earnings per share:
 
 

 
 

Basic
 
$
4.27

 
$
(0.19
)
Diluted
 
$
4.22

 
$
(0.19
)
Number of anti-dilutive share-based awards
 
0.7

 
2.8

 
 
 
 
 

The sources of dilution of our common shares are certain equity-based awards. See our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 17, Share-Based Associate Compensation Plans, Page 173, for information about share-based awards. The above table shows the number of anti-dilutive share-based awards for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. These share-based awards were not included in the computation of net income (loss) per common share (diluted) because their exercise would have anti-dilutive effects. In accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share, the assumed exercise of share-based awards in 2018 were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share.

NOTE 11 – Employee Retirement Benefits
The following summarizes the components of net periodic benefit cost for our qualified and supplemental pension plans:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Service cost
 
$
2

 
$
3

Non-service costs (benefit):
 
 
 
 
Interest cost
 
3

 
3

Expected return on plan assets
 
(5
)
 
(5
)
Amortization of actuarial loss and prior service cost
 

 

Other
 
1

 

 Total non-service benefit
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
Net periodic benefit cost
 
$
1

 
$
1

 
 
 
 
 

See our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 13, Employee Retirement Benefits, Page 166, for information on our retirement benefits. Service costs and non-service costs (benefit) are allocated in the same proportion primarily to the underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses line item with the remainder allocated to the insurance losses and contract holders' benefits line item on the condensed consolidated statements of income for both 2019 and 2018.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 25



We made matching contributions totaling $5 million and $6 million to our 401(k) and Top Hat savings plans during the first quarters of 2019 and 2018.

We made no contributions to our qualified pension plan during the first three months of 2019.

NOTE 12 – Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
In the ordinary course of conducting business, the company and its subsidiaries are named as defendants in various legal proceedings. Most of these proceedings are claims litigation involving the company's insurance subsidiaries in which the company is either defending or providing indemnity for third-party claims brought against insureds or litigating first-party coverage claims. The company accounts for such activity through the establishment of unpaid loss and loss expense reserves. We believe that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to such ordinary-course claims litigation, after consideration of provisions made for potential losses and costs of defense, is immaterial to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
 
The company and its subsidiaries also are occasionally involved in other legal and regulatory proceedings, some of which assert claims for substantial amounts. These actions include, among others, putative class actions seeking certification of a state or national class. Such proceedings have alleged, for example, breach of an alleged duty to search national databases to ascertain unreported deaths of insureds under life insurance policies. The company's insurance subsidiaries also are occasionally parties to individual actions in which extra-contractual damages, punitive damages or penalties are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith handling of insurance claims or writing unauthorized coverage or claims alleging discrimination by former or current associates.
 
On a quarterly basis, we review these outstanding matters. Under current accounting guidance, we establish accruals when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and we can reasonably estimate its potential exposure. The company accounts for such probable and estimable losses, if any, through the establishment of legal expense reserves. Based on our quarterly review, we believe that our accruals for probable and estimable losses are reasonable and that the amounts accrued do not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. However, if any one or more of these matters results in a judgment against us or settlement for an amount that is significantly greater than the amount accrued, the resulting liability could have a material effect on the company's consolidated results of operations or cash flows. Based on our most recent review, our estimate for any other matters for which the risk of loss is not probable, but more than remote, is immaterial.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 26



NOTE 13 – Segment Information
We operate primarily in two industries, property casualty insurance and life insurance. Our chief operating decision maker regularly reviews our reporting segments to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. Our reporting segments are:
Commercial lines insurance
Personal lines insurance
Excess and surplus lines insurance
Life insurance
Investments

We report as Other the noninvestment operations of the parent company and its noninsurer subsidiary, CFC Investment Company. We also report as Other the underwriting results of Cincinnati Re, our reinsurance assumed operation, and MSP, our London-based global specialty underwriter, which was acquired on February 28, 2019. See our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 18, Segment Information, Page 176, for a description of revenue, income or loss before income taxes and identifiable assets for each of the five segments.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 27



Segment information is summarized in the following table: 
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues:
 
 

 
 

Commercial lines insurance
 
 

 
 

Commercial casualty
 
$
268

 
$
265

Commercial property
 
234

 
228

Commercial auto
 
170

 
161

Workers' compensation
 
77

 
80

Other commercial
 
61

 
56

Commercial lines insurance premiums
 
810

 
790

Fee revenues
 
1

 
2

Total commercial lines insurance
 
811

 
792

 
 
 
 
 
Personal lines insurance
 
 

 
 

Personal auto
 
155

 
151

Homeowner
 
147

 
136

Other personal
 
42

 
38

Personal lines insurance premiums
 
344

 
325

Fee revenues
 
1

 
1

Total personal lines insurance
 
345

 
326

 
 
 
 
 
Excess and surplus lines insurance
 
63

 
56

Fee revenues
 
1

 

Total excess and surplus lines insurance
 
64

 
56

 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance premiums
 
66

 
60

Fee revenues
 
1

 
1

Total life insurance
 
67

 
61

 
 
 
 
 
Investments
 
 
 
 
    Investment income, net of expenses
 
157

 
150

    Investment gains and losses, net
 
663

 
(191
)
Total investment revenue
 
820

 
(41
)
 
 
 
 
 
Other
 
 
 
 
Earned premiums
 
50

 
29

Other
 
2

 
1

Total other revenues
 
52

 
30

Total revenues
 
$
2,159

 
$
1,224

 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes:
 
 

 
 

Insurance underwriting results
 
 

 
 

Commercial lines insurance
 
$
76

 
$
15

Personal lines insurance
 
(4
)
 
(9
)
Excess and surplus lines insurance
 
11

 
18

Life insurance
 
(1
)
 
2

Investments
 
796

 
(65
)
Other
 
(11
)
 
(11
)
 
 
$
867

 
$
(50
)
Identifiable assets:
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31, 2018
Property casualty insurance
 
$
3,308

 
$
3,285

Life insurance
 
1,472

 
1,424

Investments
 
17,738

 
16,741

Other
 
834

 
485

Total
 
$
23,352

 
$
21,935

 
 
 
 
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 28



NOTE 14 – Acquisition

On February 28, 2019 (closing date or acquisition date), pursuant to the agreement (the SPA) for the sale and purchase of the entire issued share capital of MSP Underwriting Limited, dated October 11, 2018, by and between the company and Münchener Rückversicherungs Gesellschaft AG (Munich Re), the company acquired from Munich Re all of the issued and outstanding share capital of MSP and its subsidiaries, including the Lloyd’s managing agent, Beaufort Underwriting Agency Limited for Syndicate 318 (the acquisition). MSP, which operates through Beaufort Underwriting Agency Limited, is a London based global specialty underwriter. The acquisition of MSP reflects progress toward our long-term objective of diversifying revenue and profitability by expanding our operations geographically and by line of business.

As aggregate consideration for the purchase of the share capital of MSP and its subsidiaries, the company paid £48 million, or $64 million, in cash to Munich Re at the closing of the acquisition. The amount paid at closing consisted of an originally estimated £102 million decreased by a NAV adjustment, calculated as the difference between the target NAV set forth in the SPA and the estimated NAV of MSP and its subsidiaries at the closing date. The purchase price is subject to further post-closing adjustments based on the actual NAV of MSP and its subsidiaries at closing, pursuant to the procedures set forth in the SPA.

The allocation of the purchase price is based on information included in MSP's financial statements at the closing date, which is subject to negotiation per the SPA. The purchase price allocation is subject to change if additional information becomes available within the measurement period, which cannot exceed 12 months from the acquisition date. The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be subject to adjustments, which may impact the amounts recorded for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as well as the goodwill.

The fair value of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and the allocation of the purchase price on the acquisition date have been summarized in the following table:

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 29



(Dollars in millions)
 
Amount
Assets
 
 
Investments and other invested assets
 
$
198

Cash and cash equivalents
 
64

Premiums receivable
 
45

Reinsurance recoverable
 
42

Other assets
 
23

Total assets acquired
 
$
372

 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
Loss and loss expense reserves
 
$
277

Unearned premiums
 
88

Other liabilities
 
24

Total liabilities assumed
 
$
389

 
 
 
Fair value of identifiable intangible assets:
 
 
Syndicate capacity - indefinite lived
 
$
31

Syndicate broker relationships - definite lived
 
12

Value of business acquired - definite lived
 
4

Internally developed technology - definite lived
 
3

Total fair value of identifiable intangible assets
 
$
50

 
 
 
Total purchase price paid
 
$
64

 
 
 
Total assets acquired (including fair value of identifiable intangible assets)
 
422

Total liabilities assumed
 
389

Fair value of net assets acquired prior to allocation of goodwill
 
33

 
 
 
Excess of purchase price paid over fair value of net assets acquired assigned to goodwill
 
$
31

 
 
 

Identifiable intangible assets and goodwill are included in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The goodwill arose as the fair value of the consideration transferred exceeded the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired at the acquisition date. The broker relationships and internally developed technology will be amortized straight-line over five and 15 years, respectively. Value of business acquired will be amortized over the remaining coverage period of the underlying insurance contracts. Goodwill and intangibles are tested for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the assets might be impaired. The company will perform its annual impairment test on goodwill and intangibles on September 30 of each year.

The financial results of MSP are included in the condensed consolidated statements of income from the acquisition date and are deemed to be immaterial.

In connection with the acquisition, the company incurred immaterial transaction related expenses.




Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 30



Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations
The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the condensed consolidated results of operations and financial position of Cincinnati Financial Corporation. It should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Unless otherwise noted, the industry data is prepared by A.M. Best Co., a leading insurance industry statistical, analytical and financial strength rating organization. Information from A.M. Best is presented on a statutory basis for insurance company regulation in the United States of America. When we provide our results on a comparable statutory basis, we label it as such; all other company data is presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP).
 
We present per share data on a diluted basis unless otherwise noted, adjusting those amounts for all stock splits and dividends. Dollar amounts are rounded to millions; calculations of percent changes are based on dollar amounts rounded to the nearest million. Certain percentage changes are identified as not meaningful (nm).
 
SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT
This is our “Safe Harbor” statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our business is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements in this report. Some of those risks and uncertainties are discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1A, Risk Factors, Page 33.
Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to:
Unusually high levels of catastrophe losses due to risk concentrations, changes in weather patterns, environmental events, terrorism incidents or other causes
Increased frequency and/or severity of claims or development of claims that are unforeseen at the time of policy issuance
Inadequate estimates, assumptions or reliance on third-party data used for critical accounting estimates
Declines in overall stock market values negatively affecting the company’s equity portfolio and book value
Prolonged low interest rate environment or other factors that limit the company’s ability to generate growth in investment income or interest rate fluctuations that result in declining values of fixed-maturity investments, including declines in accounts in which we hold bank-owned life insurance contract assets
Domestic and global events resulting in capital market or credit market uncertainty, followed by prolonged periods of economic instability or recession, that lead to:
Significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of a particular security or group of securities and impairment of the asset(s)
Significant decline in investment income due to reduced or eliminated dividend payouts from a particular security or group of securities
Significant rise in losses from surety and director and officer policies written for financial institutions or other insured entities
Our inability to integrate MSP and its subsidiaries into our on-going operations, or disruptions to our on-going operations due to such integration
Recession or other economic conditions resulting in lower demand for insurance products or increased payment delinquencies
Difficulties with technology or data security breaches, including cyberattacks, that could negatively affect our ability to conduct business; disrupt our relationships with agents, policyholders and others; cause reputational damage, mitigation expenses and data loss and expose us to liability under federal and state laws
Disruption of the insurance market caused by technology innovations such as driverless cars that could decrease consumer demand for insurance products
Delays, inadequate data developed internally or from third parties, or performance inadequacies from ongoing development and implementation of underwriting and pricing methods, including telematics and other usage-based insurance methods, or technology projects and enhancements expected to increase our pricing accuracy, underwriting profit and competitiveness
Increased competition that could result in a significant reduction in the company’s premium volume
Changing consumer insurance-buying habits and consolidation of independent insurance agencies that could alter our competitive advantages

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 31



Inability to obtain adequate ceded reinsurance on acceptable terms, amount of reinsurance coverage purchased, financial strength of reinsurers and the potential for nonpayment or delay in payment by reinsurers
Inability to defer policy acquisition costs for any business segment if pricing and loss trends would lead management to conclude that segment could not achieve sustainable profitability
Inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends consistent with current or past levels
Events or conditions that could weaken or harm the company’s relationships with its independent agencies and hamper opportunities to add new agencies, resulting in limitations on the company’s opportunities for growth, such as:
Downgrades of the company’s financial strength ratings
Concerns that doing business with the company is too difficult
Perceptions that the company’s level of service, particularly claims service, is no longer a distinguishing characteristic in the marketplace
Inability or unwillingness to nimbly develop and introduce coverage product updates and innovations that our competitors offer and consumers expect to find in the marketplace
Actions of insurance departments, state attorneys general or other regulatory agencies, including a change to a federal system of regulation from a state-based system, that:
Impose new obligations on us that increase our expenses or change the assumptions underlying our critical accounting estimates
Place the insurance industry under greater regulatory scrutiny or result in new statutes, rules and regulations
Restrict our ability to exit or reduce writings of unprofitable coverages or lines of business
Add assessments for guaranty funds, other insurance‑related assessments or mandatory reinsurance arrangements; or that impair our ability to recover such assessments through future surcharges or other rate changes
Increase our provision for federal income taxes due to changes in tax law
Increase our other expenses
Limit our ability to set fair, adequate and reasonable rates
Place us at a disadvantage in the marketplace
Restrict our ability to execute our business model, including the way we compensate agents
Adverse outcomes from litigation or administrative proceedings
Events or actions, including unauthorized intentional circumvention of controls, that reduce the company’s future ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Unforeseen departure of certain executive officers or other key employees due to retirement, health or other causes that could interrupt progress toward important strategic goals or diminish the effectiveness of certain longstanding relationships with insurance agents and others
Events, such as an epidemic, natural catastrophe or terrorism, that could hamper our ability to assemble our workforce at our headquarters location
Further, the company’s insurance businesses are subject to the effects of changing social, global, economic and regulatory environments. Public and regulatory initiatives have included efforts to adversely influence and restrict premium rates, restrict the ability to cancel policies, impose underwriting standards and expand overall regulation. The company also is subject to public and regulatory initiatives that can affect the market value for its common stock, such as measures affecting corporate financial reporting and governance. The ultimate changes and eventual effects, if any, of these initiatives are uncertain.



Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 32



CORPORATE FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
 
Net Income and Comprehensive Income Data
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Earned premiums
 
$
1,333

 
$
1,260

 
6
Investment income, net of expenses (pretax)
 
157

 
150

 
5
Investment gains and losses, net (pretax)
 
663

 
(191
)
 
nm
Total revenues
 
2,159

 
1,224

 
76
Net income (loss)
 
695

 
(31
)
 
nm
Comprehensive income (loss)
 
883

 
(201
)
 
nm
Net income (loss) per share—diluted
 
4.22

 
(0.19
)
 
nm
Cash dividends declared per share
 
0.56

 
0.53

 
6
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
 
164.6

 
164.0

 
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Total revenues rose 76% for the first quarter of 2019, compared with the first quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher earned premiums and significant net investment gains. Premium and investment revenue trends are discussed further in the respective sections of Financial Results.

Investment gains and losses are recognized on the sales of investments, on certain changes in fair values of securities even though we continue to hold the securities or as otherwise required by GAAP. We have substantial discretion in the timing of investment sales, and that timing generally is independent of the insurance underwriting process. The change in fair value of securities is also generally independent of the insurance underwriting process.
 
Net income for the first quarter of 2019, compared with first-quarter 2018, increased $726 million, including increases of $674 million in after-tax net investment gains and losses, $49 million in after-tax property casualty underwriting income and $6 million in after-tax investment income. First-quarter 2019 catastrophe losses, mostly weather related, were $17 million more after taxes and unfavorably affected both net income and property casualty underwriting income. Life insurance segment results on a pretax basis for the first quarter of 2019 decreased $3 million compared with the first quarter of 2018.

Performance by segment is discussed below in Financial Results. As discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Factors Influencing Our Future Performance, Page 53, there are several reasons that our performance during 2019 may be below our long-term targets. In that annual report, as part of Financial Results, we also discussed the full-year 2019 outlook for each reporting segment.
 
The board of directors is committed to rewarding shareholders directly through cash dividends and through share repurchase authorizations. Through 2018, the company had increased the annual cash dividend rate for 58 consecutive years, a record we believe is matched by only seven other publicly traded companies. In February 2019, the board of directors increased the regular quarterly dividend to 56 cents per share, setting the stage for our 59th consecutive year of increasing cash dividends. During the first three months of 2019, cash dividends declared by the company increased 6% compared with the same period of 2018. Our board regularly evaluates relevant factors in decisions related to dividends and share repurchases. The 2019 dividend increase reflected our strong earnings performance and signaled management’s and the board’s positive outlook and confidence in our outstanding capital, liquidity and financial flexibility.

As disclosed in Item 1, Note 14 – Acquisition, we completed our transaction to acquire MSP Underwriting Limited (MSP), a London-based global specialty underwriter for Lloyd's Syndicate 318, on February 28, 2019. The $64 million paid at the closing represented a multiple of 1.9 times the $33 million of MSP's net identifiable assets acquired, subject to additional post-closing adjustments. We expect the transaction to contribute to future earnings and book value growth as we believe it should provide opportunities to support business produced by our independent agencies in new geographies and lines of business.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 33



Balance Sheet Data and Performance Measures
(Dollars in millions, except share data)
 
At March 31,
 
At December 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Total investments
 
$
17,864

 
$
16,732

Total assets
 
23,352

 
21,935

Short-term debt
 
32

 
32

Long-term debt
 
788

 
788

Shareholders' equity
 
8,630

 
7,833

Book value per share
 
52.88

 
48.10

Debt-to-total-capital ratio
 
8.7
%
 
9.5
%
 
 
 
 
 

Total assets at March 31, 2019, increased 6% compared with year-end 2018, and included a 6% increase in total investments that reflected a combination of net purchases and higher fair values for many securities in our portfolio. Shareholders’ equity increased 10%, and book value per share also increased 10% during the first three months of 2019. Our debt-to-total-capital ratio (capital is the sum of debt plus shareholders’ equity) decreased compared with year-end 2018.

Our value creation ratio is our primary performance metric. That ratio was 11.1% for the first three months of 2019, more than the same period in 2018 primarily due to a higher amount of overall net gains from our investment portfolio. The $4.78 increase in book value per share during the first three months of 2019 contributed 9.9 percentage points to the value creation ratio, while dividends declared at $0.56 per share contributed 1.2 points. Value creation ratios for comparable periods by major components and in total, along with calculations from per-share amounts, are shown in the tables below.
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Value creation ratio major components:
 
 

 
 

Net income before investment gains
 
2.2
 %
 
1.5
 %
Change in fixed-maturity securities, realized and unrealized gains
 
2.5

 
(2.1
)
Change in equity securities, investment gains
 
6.6

 
(1.9
)
Other
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.2
)
     Value creation ratio
 
11.1
 %
 
(2.7
)%
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 34



(Dollars are per share)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Value creation ratio:
 
 

 
 

End of period book value*
 
$
52.88

 
$
48.42

Less beginning of period book value
 
48.10

 
50.29

Change in book value
 
4.78

 
(1.87
)
Dividend declared to shareholders
 
0.56

 
0.53

Total value creation
 
$
5.34

 
$
(1.34
)
 
 
 
 
 
Value creation ratio from change in book value**
 
9.9
%
 
(3.7
)%
Value creation ratio from dividends declared to shareholders***
 
1.2

 
1.0

Value creation ratio
 
11.1
%
 
(2.7
)%
 
 
 
 
 
    * Book value per share is calculated by dividing end of period total shareholders' equity by end of period shares outstanding
 
 
  ** Change in book value divided by the beginning of period book value
 
 
*** Dividend declared to shareholders divided by beginning of period book value
 
 


DRIVERS OF LONG-TERM VALUE CREATION
Operating through The Cincinnati Insurance Company, Cincinnati Financial Corporation is one of the 25 largest property casualty insurers in the nation, based on 2018 net written premiums for approximately 2,000 U.S. stock and mutual insurer groups. We market our insurance products through a select group of independent insurance agencies as discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Our Business and Our Strategy, Page 5. At March 31, 2019, we actively marketed through agencies located in 43 states. We maintain a long-term perspective that guides us in addressing immediate challenges or opportunities while focusing on the major decisions that best position our company for success through all market cycles.

To measure our long-term progress in creating shareholder value, our value creation ratio is our primary financial performance target. As discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Executive Summary, Page 49, management believes this measure is a meaningful indicator of our long-term progress in creating shareholder value and has three primary performance drivers:

Premium growth – We believe our agency relationships and initiatives can lead to a property casualty written premium growth rate over any five-year period that exceeds the industry average. For the first three months of 2019, our consolidated property casualty net written premium year-over-year growth was 10%. As of February 2019, A.M. Best projected the industry's full-year 2019 written premium growth at approximately 4%. For the five-year period 2014 through 2018, our growth rate slightly exceeded that of the industry. The industry's growth rate excludes its mortgage and financial guaranty lines of business.
Combined ratio – We believe our underwriting philosophy and initiatives can generate a GAAP combined ratio over any five-year period that is consistently within the range of 95% to 100%. For the first three months of 2019, our GAAP combined ratio was 93.0% and our statutory combined ratio was 91.5%, both including 5.6 percentage points of current accident year catastrophe losses mostly offset by 5.3 percentage points of favorable loss reserve development on prior accident years. As of February 2019, A.M. Best projected the industry's full-year 2019 statutory combined ratio at approximately 101%, including approximately 5 percentage points of catastrophe losses and a favorable effect of approximately 1.5 percentage points of loss reserve development on prior accident years. The industry's ratio again excludes its mortgage and financial guaranty lines of business.
Investment contribution – We believe our investment philosophy and initiatives can drive investment income growth and lead to a total return on our equity investment portfolio over a five-year period that exceeds the five-year return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. For the first three months of 2019, pretax investment income was $157 million, up 5% compared with the same period in 2018. We believe our investment portfolio mix provides an appropriate balance of income stability and growth with capital appreciation potential.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 35



Highlights of Our Strategy and Supporting Initiatives
Management has worked to identify a strategy that can lead to long-term success, with concurrence by the board of directors. Our strategy is intended to position us to compete successfully in the markets we have targeted while appropriately managing risk. Further description of our long-term, proven strategy can be found in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Our Business and Our Strategy, Page 5. We believe successful implementation of initiatives that support our strategy will help us better serve our agent customers and reduce volatility in our financial results while we also grow earnings and book value over the long term, successfully navigating challenging economic, market or industry pricing cycles.

Manage insurance profitability – Implementation of these initiatives is intended to enhance underwriting expertise and knowledge, thereby increasing our ability to manage our business while also gaining efficiency. Better profit margins can arise from additional information and more focused action on underperforming product lines, plus pricing capabilities we are expanding through the use of technology and analytics. In addition to enhancing company efficiency, improving internal processes also supports the ability of the independent agencies that represent us to grow profitably by allowing them to serve clients faster and to more efficiently manage agency expenses.
We continue to enhance our property casualty underwriting expertise and to effectively and efficiently underwrite individual policies and process transactions. Ongoing initiatives supporting this work include expanding our pricing and segmentation capabilities through experience and use of predictive analytics and additional data. Our segmentation efforts emphasize identification and retention of insurance policies we believe have relatively stronger pricing, while seeking more aggressive renewal terms and conditions on policies we believe have relatively weaker pricing. In 2019, we continue to improve underwriting and rate adequacy for our commercial auto and personal auto lines of business. Our commercial auto policies that renewed during the first three months of 2019 experienced an estimated average price increase at percentages in the high-single-digit range, and our personal auto policies that renewed during that period also averaged an estimated price increase at percentages in the high-single-digit range.
Drive premium growth – Implementation of these initiatives is intended to further penetrate each market we serve through our independent agencies. Strategies aimed at specific market opportunities, along with service enhancements, can help our agents grow and increase our share of their business. Premium growth initiatives also include expansion of Cincinnati ReSM, our reinsurance assumed operation, and successful integration of MSP. Diversified growth also may reduce variability of losses from weather-related catastrophes.
We continue to appoint new agencies to develop additional points of distribution. In 2019, we are planning approximately 100 appointments of independent agencies that offer most or all of our property casualty insurance products. During the first three months of 2019, we appointed 22 new agencies that meet that criteria.
We also plan to appoint additional agencies that focus on high net worth personal lines clients. In 2019, we are targeting the appointment of approximately 80 agencies that market only personal lines products for us. During the first three months of 2019, we appointed 24 new agencies that meet that criteria.
As of March 31, 2019, a total of 1,761 agency relationships market our property casualty insurance products from 2,376 reporting locations. The totals do not include Lloyd's brokers or coverholders that source business for MSP.
We also continue to grow premiums through the disciplined expansion of Cincinnati Re and the acquisition of MSP. During the first three months of 2019, Cincinnati Re contributed $38 million of growth in consolidated property casualty insurance net written premiums while MSP contributed $21 million. We also believe MSP over time will provide opportunities to support business produced by our independent agencies in new geographies and lines of business.
 
Financial Strength
An important part of our long-term strategy is financial strength, which is described in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Our Business and Our Strategy, Financial Strength, Page 8. One aspect of our financial strength is prudent use of reinsurance ceded to help manage financial performance variability due to catastrophe loss experience. A description of how we use reinsurance ceded is included in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Liquidity and Capital Resources, 2019 Reinsurance Ceded Programs, Page 105. Another aspect of our financial strength is our investment portfolio, which remains well-diversified as discussed in this quarterly report in Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. Our strong parent-company liquidity and financial strength increase our flexibility to maintain a cash dividend through all periods and to continue to invest in and expand our insurance operations.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
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At March 31, 2019, we held $2.751 billion of our cash and invested assets at the parent-company level, of which $2.477 billion, or 90.0%, was invested in common stocks, and $166 million, or 6.0%, was cash or cash equivalents. Our debt-to-total-capital ratio was 8.7% at March 31, 2019. Another important indicator of financial strength is our ratio of property casualty net written premiums to statutory surplus, which was 1.0-to-1 for the 12 months ended March 31, 2019, matching year-end 2018.

Financial strength ratings assigned to us by independent rating firms also are important. In addition to rating our parent company’s senior debt, four firms award insurer financial strength ratings to one or more of our insurance subsidiary companies based on their quantitative and qualitative analyses. These ratings primarily assess an insurer’s ability to meet financial obligations to policyholders and do not necessarily address all of the matters that may be important to investors. Ratings are under continuous review and subject to change or withdrawal at any time by the rating agency. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating; please see each rating agency's website for its most recent report on our ratings.

At April 23, 2019, our insurance subsidiaries continued to be highly rated.
Insurer Financial Strength Ratings
Rating
agency
Standard market property casualty insurance subsidiaries
Life insurance
 subsidiary
Excess and surplus lines insurance subsidiary
Outlook
 
 
 
Rating
tier
 
 
Rating
tier
 
 
Rating
tier
 
A.M. Best Co.
 ambest.com
A+
Superior
2 of 16
A
Excellent
3 of 16
A+
Superior
2 of 16
Stable/ Positive/ Stable
Fitch Ratings
 fitchratings.com
A+
Strong
5 of 21
A+
Strong
5 of 21
-
-
-
Stable
Moody's Investors  Service
 moodys.com
A1
Good
5 of 21
-
-
-
-
-
-
Stable
S&P Global  Ratings
 spratings.com
A+
Strong
5 of 21
A+
Strong
5 of 21
-
-
-
Stable
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 37



CONSOLIDATED PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE HIGHLIGHTS
Consolidated property casualty insurance results include premiums and expenses for our standard market insurance segments (commercial lines and personal lines), our excess and surplus lines segment, our reinsurance assumed operations and our London-based global specialty underwriter known as MSP.
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Earned premiums
 
$
1,267

 
$
1,200

 
6

Fee revenues
 
3

 
3

 
0

Total revenues
 
1,270

 
1,203

 
6

Loss and loss expenses from:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Current accident year before catastrophe losses
 
786

 
779

 
1

Current accident year catastrophe losses
 
71

 
60

 
18

Prior accident years before catastrophe losses
 
(70
)
 
(41
)
 
(71
)
Prior accident years catastrophe losses
 
3

 
(7
)
 
nm

Loss and loss expenses
 
790

 
791

 
0

Underwriting expenses
 
389

 
383

 
2

Underwriting profit
 
$
91

 
$
29

 
214

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratios as a percent of earned premiums:
 
 

 
 

 
Pt. Change
    Current accident year before catastrophe losses
 
62.0
 %
 
64.9
 %
 
(2.9
)
    Current accident year catastrophe losses
 
5.6

 
5.0

 
0.6

    Prior accident years before catastrophe losses
 
(5.5
)
 
(3.3
)
 
(2.2
)
    Prior accident years catastrophe losses
 
0.2

 
(0.6
)
 
0.8

Loss and loss expenses
 
62.3

 
66.0

 
(3.7
)
Underwriting expenses
 
30.7

 
31.9

 
(1.2
)
Combined ratio
 
93.0
 %
 
97.9
 %
 
(4.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
 
93.0
 %
 
97.9
 %
 
(4.9
)
Contribution from catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development
 
0.3

 
1.1

 
(0.8
)
Combined ratio before catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development
 
92.7
 %
 
96.8
 %
 
(4.1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our consolidated property casualty insurance operations generated an underwriting profit of $91 million for the first quarter of 2019. The improvement of $62 million, compared with the same period of 2018, was partially offset by an increase of $21 million in losses from weather-related natural catastrophes. Weather-related losses not identified as part of designated catastrophe events for the property casualty industry, typically referred to as noncatastrophe weather losses, decreased by $26 million in the first three months of 2019, offsetting the increase in catastrophe losses. We believe future property casualty underwriting results will continue to benefit from price increases and our ongoing initiatives to improve pricing precision and loss experience related to claims and loss control practices.
For all property casualty lines of business in aggregate, excluding MSP reserves as of the February 28, 2019, acquisition date, net loss and loss expense reserves at March 31, 2019, were $34 million lower than at year-end 2018, including an increase of $47 million for the incurred but not reported (IBNR) portion. The $34 million reserve decrease lowered year-end 2018 net loss and loss expense reserves by less than 1%.

We measure and analyze property casualty underwriting results primarily by the combined ratio and its component ratios. The GAAP-basis combined ratio is the percentage of incurred losses plus all expenses per each earned premium dollar – the lower the ratio, the better the performance. An underwriting profit results when the combined ratio is below 100%. A combined ratio above 100% indicates that an insurance company’s losses and expenses exceeded premiums.

Our consolidated property casualty combined ratio for the first quarter of 2019 decreased by 4.9 percentage points, compared with the same period of 2018, despite an increase of 1.4 points from higher catastrophe losses and loss

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 38



expenses. The increase from catastrophe loss effects was offset by a decrease of 2.5 points from lower noncatastrophe weather-related losses.
 
The combined ratio can be affected significantly by natural catastrophe losses and other large losses as discussed in detail below. The combined ratio can also be affected by updated estimates of loss and loss expense reserves established for claims that occurred in prior periods, referred to as prior accident years. Net favorable development on prior accident year reserves, including reserves for catastrophe losses, benefited the combined ratio by 5.3 percentage points in the first three months of 2019, compared with 3.9 percentage points in the same period of 2018. Net favorable development is discussed in further detail in Financial Results by property casualty insurance segment.
 
The ratio for current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses improved in the first three months of 2019. That 62.0% ratio decreased 2.9 percentage points compared with the 64.9% accident year 2018 ratio measured as of March 31, 2018, including a decrease of 1.1 points in the ratio for large losses of $1 million or more per claim, discussed below. The effects of lower first-quarter 2019 noncatastrophe weather-related losses contributed approximately 2 points to the overall decrease in the current accident year ratio.
 
The underwriting expense ratio for the first three months of 2019 decreased, compared with the same period of 2018, reflecting a higher than average expense ratio for the first quarter 2018 due to a lower amount of deferred acquisition costs. The current year period reflects a ratio generally in line with our longer-term historical average, as well as ongoing expense management efforts and higher earned premiums.

Consolidated Property Casualty Insurance Premiums
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,

 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Agency renewal written premiums
 
$
1,130

 
$
1,083

 
4

Agency new business written premiums
 
181

 
159

 
14

Other written premiums
 
70

 
16

 
338

Net written premiums
 
1,381

 
1,258

 
10

Unearned premium change
 
(114
)
 
(58
)
 
(97
)
Earned premiums
 
$
1,267

 
$
1,200

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The trends in net written premiums and earned premiums summarized in the table above include the effects of price increases. Price change trends that heavily influence renewal written premium increases or decreases, along with other premium growth drivers for 2019, are discussed in more detail by segment below in Financial Results.
 
Consolidated property casualty net written premiums for the three months ended March 31, 2019, grew $123 million compared with the same period of 2018. Our premium growth initiatives from prior years have provided an ongoing favorable effect on growth during the current year, particularly as newer agency relationships mature over time.

Consolidated property casualty agency new business written premiums increased by $22 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018. The increase was produced by our commercial lines and excess and surplus lines insurance segments. New agency appointments during 2018 and 2019 produced a $10 million increase in standard lines new business for the first three months of 2019 compared with the same period of 2018. As we appoint new agencies that choose to move accounts to us, we report these accounts as new business. While this business is new to us, in many cases it is not new to the agent. We believe these seasoned accounts tend to be priced more accurately than business that may be less familiar to our agent upon obtaining it from a competing agent.

Net written premiums for Cincinnati Re, included in other written premiums, increased $38 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018. Cincinnati Re assumes risks through reinsurance treaties and in some cases cedes part of the risk and related premiums to one or more unaffiliated reinsurance companies through transactions known as retrocessions. For the first three months of 2019, earned premiums for Cincinnati Re totaled $40 million, compared with $29 million earned in the same period a year ago.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 39



 
Other written premiums also include premiums ceded to reinsurers as part of our reinsurance ceded program and premiums written through MSP, acquired on February 28, 2019. An increase in ceded premiums reduced net written premiums by $3 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018. MSP contributed $21 million to 2019 net written premiums and $11 million to earned premiums.
 
Catastrophe losses and loss expenses typically have a material effect on property casualty results and can vary significantly from period to period. Losses from natural catastrophes contributed 5.8 percentage points to the combined ratio in the first quarter of 2019, compared with 4.4 percentage points in the same period of 2018. Some of those losses were applicable to annual loss deductible provisions of our collateralized reinsurance funded through catastrophe bonds. For our collateralized reinsurance arrangement that became effective in January 2017, we can recover catastrophe bond funds if aggregate losses, after the $8 million per occurrence deductible, exceed $190 million during an annual coverage period. There were no events between January 1 and March 31, 2019, that met the requirements for recovery, such as occurrences within the specific geographic locations included in the severe convective storm portion of our coverage, after our per occurrence deductible.

For our property catastrophe occurrence and aggregate excess of loss treaty that became effective July 1, 2018, we can recover: catastrophe loss amounts up to $50 million in excess of net $125 million per occurrence for combined business written on a direct basis and by Cincinnati Re; $25 million in excess of $32 million for the aggregation of Cincinnati Re catastrophe occurrences subject to certain deductibles; $50 million in excess of $10 million for business written on a direct basis for the loss perils of earthquake, brushfire and wildfire in certain western states; or various combinations of occurrences with coverage up to the $50 million aggregate limit. The aggregate limit is $25 million if covered losses pertain only to Cincinnati Re. The aggregate recovery from reinsurers providing this coverage totaled $14 million for incurred losses for the first quarter of 2019, after considering all applicable deductibles, due to adverse reserve development in our personal lines insurance segment from a California wildfire event that occurred during 2018, exhausting the $50 million aggregate limit. The 2018 aggregate recovery from reinsurers providing this coverage totaled $36 million for incurred losses, which was applied to two California wildfire events.

The following table shows consolidated property casualty insurance catastrophe losses and loss expenses incurred, net of reinsurance, as well as the effect of loss development on prior period catastrophe events. We individually list declared catastrophe events for which our incurred losses reached or exceeded $10 million.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 40



Consolidated Property Casualty Insurance Catastrophe Losses and Loss Expenses Incurred
(Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
 
Comm.
 
Pers.
 
E&S
 
 
 
 

Dates
Region
 
lines
 
lines
 
lines
 
Other
 
Total
2019
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Jan. 29-Feb. 1
Midwest, Northeast

$
14

 
$
11

 
$

 
$

 
$
25

Feb. 23-26
Midwest, Northeast, South

11

 
12

 

 

 
23

Mar. 12-17
Midwest, Northeast, West, South

4

 
7

 

 

 
11

All other 2019 catastrophes

4

 
8

 

 

 
12

Development on 2018 and prior catastrophes

(6
)
 
8

 

 
1

 
3

Calendar year incurred total

$
27

 
$
46

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
74


 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Jan. 8-10
West

$

 
$
11

 
$

 
$

 
$
11

Mar. 1-3
Northeast, South

6

 
6

 

 

 
12

Mar. 18-21
South

17

 
5

 
1

 

 
23

All other 2018 catastrophes

7

 
7

 

 

 
14

Development on 2017 and prior catastrophes

(7
)
 

 

 

 
(7
)
Calendar year incurred total

$
23

 
$
29

 
$
1

 
$

 
$
53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The following table includes data for losses incurred of $1 million or more per claim, net of reinsurance.
 
Consolidated Property Casualty Insurance Losses Incurred by Size
(Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Current accident year losses greater than $5 million
 
$

 
$
15

 
nm

Current accident year losses $1 million - $5 million
 
37

 
32

 
16

Large loss prior accident year reserve development
 
16

 
34

 
(53
)
Total large losses incurred
 
53

 
81

 
(35
)
Losses incurred but not reported
 
47

 
10

 
nm

Other losses excluding catastrophe losses
 
493

 
520

 
(5
)
Catastrophe losses
 
69

 
51

 
35

Total losses incurred
 
$
662

 
$
662

 
0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratios as a percent of earned premiums:
 
 
 
 
 
Pt. Change
Current accident year losses greater than $5 million
 
%
 
1.3
%
 
(1.3
)
Current accident year losses $1 million - $5 million
 
2.9

 
2.7

 
0.2

Large loss prior accident year reserve development
 
1.2

 
2.8

 
(1.6
)
Total large loss ratio
 
4.1

 
6.8

 
(2.7
)
Losses incurred but not reported
 
3.7

 
0.8

 
2.9

Other losses excluding catastrophe losses
 
38.9

 
43.4

 
(4.5
)
Catastrophe losses
 
5.5

 
4.2

 
1.3

Total loss ratio
 
52.2
%
 
55.2
%
 
(3.0
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We believe the inherent variability of aggregate loss experience for our portfolio of larger policies is greater than that of our portfolio of smaller policies, and we continue to monitor the variability in addition to general

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 41



inflationary trends in loss costs. Our analysis continues to indicate no unexpected concentration of large losses and case reserve increases by risk category, geographic region, policy inception, agency or field marketing territory. The first-quarter 2019 property casualty total large losses incurred of $53 million, net of reinsurance, were lower than the $83 million quarterly average during full-year 2018 and lower than the $81 million experienced for the first quarter of 2018. The ratio for these large losses was 2.7 percentage points lower compared with last year’s first quarter. We believe results for the three-month periods largely reflected normal fluctuations in loss patterns and normal variability in large case reserves for claims above $1 million. Losses by size are discussed in further detail in results of operations by property casualty insurance segment.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 42



FINANCIAL RESULTS
Consolidated results reflect the operating results of each of our five segments along with the parent company, Cincinnati Re, MSP and other activities reported as “Other.” The five segments are:
Commercial lines insurance
Personal lines insurance
Excess and surplus lines insurance
Life insurance
Investments


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 43



COMMERCIAL LINES INSURANCE RESULTS
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,

 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Earned premiums
 
$
810

 
$
790

 
3

Fee revenues
 
1

 
2

 
(50
)
Total revenues
 
811

 
792

 
2

Loss and loss expenses from:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Current accident year before catastrophe losses
 
510

 
524

 
(3
)
Current accident year catastrophe losses
 
33

 
30

 
10

Prior accident years before catastrophe losses
 
(56
)
 
(28
)
 
(100
)
Prior accident years catastrophe losses
 
(6
)
 
(7
)
 
14

Loss and loss expenses
 
481

 
519

 
(7
)
Underwriting expenses
 
254

 
258

 
(2
)
Underwriting profit
 
$
76

 
$
15

 
407

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratios as a percent of earned premiums:
 
 
 
 
 
Pt. Change
Current accident year before catastrophe losses
 
63.0
 %
 
66.2
 %
 
(3.2
)
Current accident year catastrophe losses
 
4.1

 
3.8

 
0.3

Prior accident years before catastrophe losses
 
(6.9
)
 
(3.5
)
 
(3.4
)
Prior accident years catastrophe losses
 
(0.8
)
 
(0.9
)
 
0.1

Loss and loss expenses
 
59.4

 
65.6

 
(6.2
)
Underwriting expenses
 
31.4

 
32.7

 
(1.3
)
Combined ratio
 
90.8
 %
 
98.3
 %
 
(7.5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
 
90.8
 %
 
98.3
 %
 
(7.5
)
Contribution from catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development
 
(3.6
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(3.0
)
Combined ratio before catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development
 
94.4
 %
 
98.9
 %
 
(4.5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview
Performance highlights for the commercial lines segment include:
Premiums – Earned premiums and net written premiums for the commercial lines segment grew during the first three months of 2019, in part due to renewal written premium growth that continued to include higher average pricing. Net written premiums increased during the first quarter of 2019, compared with the same period a year ago, following targeted underwriting actions in selected states that significantly slowed growth during 2018. The table below analyzes the primary components of premiums. We continue to use predictive analytics tools to improve pricing precision and segmentation while leveraging our local relationships with agents through the efforts of our teams that work closely with them. We seek to maintain appropriate pricing discipline for both new and renewal business as our agents and underwriters assess account quality to make careful decisions on a case-by-case basis whether to write or renew a policy.
Agency renewal written premiums increased by 4% during the first three months of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018. During the first quarter of 2019, our overall standard commercial lines policies averaged estimated renewal price increases at percentages in the low-single-digit range, similar to the fourth quarter of 2018. We continue to segment commercial lines policies, emphasizing identification and retention of policies we believe have relatively stronger pricing. Conversely, we have been seeking stricter renewal terms and conditions on policies we believe have relatively weaker pricing, thus retaining fewer of those policies. We measure average changes in commercial lines renewal pricing as the percentage rate of change in renewal premium for the new policy period compared with the premium for the expiring policy period, assuming no change in the level of insured exposures or policy coverage between those periods for the respective policies.
Our average overall commercial lines renewal pricing change includes the impact of flat pricing for certain coverages within package policies written for a three-year term that were in force but did not expire during the

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
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period being measured. Therefore, our reported change in average commercial lines renewal pricing reflects a blend of three-year policies that did not expire and other policies that did expire during the measurement period. For commercial lines policies that did expire and were then renewed during the first quarter of 2019, we estimate that our average percentage price increase for commercial auto continued in the high-single-digit range. The estimated average percentage price change for our commercial property line of business was an increase in the mid-single-digit range and for commercial casualty it was an increase in the low-single-digit range. The estimated average percentage price change for workers’ compensation was a decrease in the mid-single-digit range.
Renewal premiums for certain policies, primarily our commercial casualty and workers’ compensation lines of business, include the results of policy audits that adjust initial premium amounts based on differences between estimated and actual sales or payroll related to a specific policy. Audits completed during the first three months of 2019 contributed $17 million to net written premiums.
New business written premiums for commercial lines increased $16 million during the first three months of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018. The increase reflected growth for each major line of business except workers' compensation, which decreased by approximately $1 million. Trend analysis for year-over-year comparisons of individual quarters is more difficult to assess for commercial lines new business written premiums, due to inherent variability. That variability is often driven by larger policies with annual premiums greater than $100,000.
Other written premiums include premiums ceded to reinsurers as part of our reinsurance ceded program. For our commercial lines insurance segment, an increase in ceded premiums reduced net written premiums by less than $1 million for the first three months of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018.

Commercial Lines Insurance Premiums
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Agency renewal written premiums
 
 
$
799

 
$
771

 
4

Agency new business written premiums
 
 
120

 
104

 
15

Other written premiums
 
 
(23
)
 
(21
)
 
(10
)
Net written premiums
 
 
896

 
854

 
5

Unearned premium change
 
 
(86
)
 
(64
)
 
(34
)
Earned premiums
 
 
$
810

 
$
790

 
3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio – The commercial lines combined ratio improved by 7.5 percentage points for the first quarter of 2019, compared with the same period a year ago, despite a ratio increase of 0.4 points in losses from natural catastrophes. The improvement included a higher level of favorable reserve development on prior accident years in addition to better loss experience for the current accident year.
The commercial lines ratio for current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses improved in the first three months of 2019. That 63.0% ratio decreased 3.2 percentage points compared with the 66.2% accident year 2018 ratio measured as of March 31, 2018, including a decrease of 1.5 percentage points in the ratio for large losses of $1 million or more per claim, discussed below.
Catastrophe losses and loss expenses accounted for 3.3 percentage points of the combined ratio for the first three months of 2019, compared with 2.9 percentage points for the same period a year ago. Through 2018, the 10-year annual average for that catastrophe measure for the commercial lines segment was 5.4 percentage points, and the five-year annual average was 5.1 percentage points. The three-month 2019 ratio for noncatastrophe weather-related losses, at 3.5%, was 3.0 percentage points better than the same period a year ago.
The net effect of reserve development on prior accident years during the first three months of 2019 was favorable for commercial lines overall by $62 million, compared with $35 million for the same period in 2018. For the first three months of 2019, our commercial casualty and workers' compensation lines of business were the largest contributors to the total commercial lines net favorable reserve development on prior accident years, representing approximately three-fourths of the total. The net favorable reserve development recognized during the first three months of 2019 for our commercial lines insurance segment was largely for accident years 2016 through 2018 and was primarily due to lower-than-anticipated loss emergence on known claims. Reserve

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 45



estimates are inherently uncertain as described in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates, Property Casualty Insurance Loss and Loss Expense Reserves, Page 54.
The commercial lines underwriting expense ratio for the first three months of 2019 decreased, compared with the same period a year ago reflecting a higher than average expense ratio for the first quarter 2018 due to a lower amount of deferred acquisition costs. The current year period reflects a ratio generally in line with our longer-term historical average, as well as ongoing expense management efforts and higher earned premiums.

Commercial Lines Insurance Losses Incurred by Size
(Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance)
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Current accident year losses greater than $5 million
 
 
$

 
$
15

 
nm

Current accident year losses $1 million - $5 million
 
 
26

 
22

 
18

Large loss prior accident year reserve development
 
 
13

 
29

 
(55
)
Total large losses incurred
 
 
39

 
66

 
(41
)
Losses incurred but not reported
 
 
43

 
16

 
169

Other losses excluding catastrophe losses
 
 
286

 
325

 
(12
)
Catastrophe losses
 
 
25

 
22

 
14

Total losses incurred
 
 
$
393

 
$
429

 
(8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratios as a percent of earned premiums:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pt. Change
Current accident year losses greater than $5 million
 
 
%
 
1.9
%
 
(1.9
)
Current accident year losses $1 million - $5 million
 
 
3.3

 
2.9

 
0.4

Large loss prior accident year reserve development
 
 
1.6

 
3.6

 
(2.0
)
Total large loss ratio
 
 
4.9

 
8.4

 
(3.5
)
Losses incurred but not reported
 
 
5.4

 
2.1

 
3.3

Other losses excluding catastrophe losses
 
 
35.1

 
41.1

 
(6.0
)
Catastrophe losses
 
 
3.1

 
2.8

 
0.3

Total loss ratio
 
 
48.5
%
 
54.4
%
 
(5.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

We continue to monitor new losses and case reserve increases greater than $1 million for trends in factors such as initial reserve levels, loss cost inflation and claim settlement expenses. Our analysis continues to indicate no unexpected concentration of these large losses and case reserve increases by risk category, geographic region, policy inception, agency or field marketing territory. The first-quarter 2019 commercial lines total large losses incurred of $39 million, net of reinsurance, were lower than the quarterly average of $71 million during full-year 2018 and the $66 million total large losses incurred for the first quarter of 2018. The decease in commercial
lines large losses for the first three months of 2019 was largely due to our commercial casualty and commercial property lines of business. The first-quarter 2019 ratio for commercial lines total large losses was 3.5 percentage points lower compared with last year’s first-quarter ratio. We believe results for the three-month periods largely reflected normal fluctuations in loss patterns and normal variability in large case reserves for claims above $1 million.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 46



PERSONAL LINES INSURANCE RESULTS
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Earned premiums
 
$
344

 
$
325

 
6

Fee revenues
 
1

 
1

 
0

Total revenues
 
345

 
326

 
6

Loss and loss expenses from:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Current accident year before catastrophe losses
 
209

 
210

 
0

Current accident year catastrophe losses
 
38

 
29

 
31

Prior accident years before catastrophe losses
 
(5
)
 
(1
)
 
(400
)
Prior accident years catastrophe losses
 
8

 

 
nm

Loss and loss expenses
 
250

 
238

 
5

Underwriting expenses
 
99

 
97

 
2

Underwriting loss
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(9
)
 
56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratios as a percent of earned premiums:
 
 
 
 
 
Pt. Change
Current accident year before catastrophe losses
 
60.6
 %
 
64.5
 %
 
(3.9
)
Current accident year catastrophe losses
 
10.9

 
9.0

 
1.9

Prior accident years before catastrophe losses
 
(1.4
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(1.3
)
Prior accident years catastrophe losses
 
2.4

 
(0.1
)
 
2.5

Loss and loss expenses
 
72.5

 
73.3

 
(0.8
)
Underwriting expenses
 
28.8

 
29.9

 
(1.1
)
Combined ratio
 
101.3
 %
 
103.2
 %
 
(1.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
 
101.3
 %
 
103.2
 %
 
(1.9
)
Contribution from catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development
 
11.9

 
8.8

 
3.1

Combined ratio before catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development
 
89.4
 %
 
94.4
 %
 
(5.0
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Overview
Performance highlights for the personal lines segment include:
Premiums – Personal lines earned premiums and net written premiums continued to grow during the first quarter of 2019, largely due to increases in agency renewal written premiums reflecting higher average pricing. Personal lines net written premiums from high net worth policies totaled approximately $77 million for the first three months of 2019, compared with $64 million for the same period of 2018. The table below analyzes the primary components of premiums.
Agency renewal written premiums increased 7% for the first three months of 2019, largely due to rate increases in selected states. We estimate that premium rates for our personal auto line of business increased at average percentages in the high-single-digit range during the first three months of 2019. For our homeowner line of business, we estimate that premium rates for the first three months of 2019 increased at average percentages in the mid-single-digit range. For both our personal auto and homeowner lines of business, some individual policies experienced lower or higher rate changes based on each risk's specific characteristics and enhanced pricing precision enabled by predictive models.
Personal lines new business written premiums for the first quarter of 2019 decreased $4 million, reflecting pricing discipline particularly in selected states, compared with the same period of 2018.
Other written premiums include premiums ceded to reinsurers as part of our reinsurance ceded program. For our personal lines insurance segment, an increase in ceded premiums reduced net written premiums by less than $1 million for the first three months of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018.
We continue to implement strategies discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Strategic Initiatives, Page 14, to enhance our responsiveness to marketplace changes and to help achieve our long-term

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 47



objectives for personal lines growth and profitability. These strategies include initiatives to more profitably underwrite personal auto policies.
 
Personal Lines Insurance Premiums
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Agency renewal written premiums
 
$
282

 
$
264

 
7

Agency new business written premiums
 
35

 
39

 
(10
)
Other written premiums
 
(8
)
 
(6
)
 
(33
)
Net written premiums
 
309

 
297

 
4

Unearned premium change
 
35

 
28

 
25

Earned premiums
 
$
344

 
$
325

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio – Our personal lines combined ratio improved slightly for the first three months of 2019, compared with the same period a year ago. The improvement was primarily due to better experience in the ratio for current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses that offset a ratio for weather-related natural catastrophe losses and loss expenses that was 4.4 percentage points worse.
The personal lines ratio for current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses improved in the first three months of 2019. That 60.6% ratio decreased 3.9 percentage points compared with the 64.5% accident year 2018 ratio measured as of March 31, 2018, including a decrease of 0.1 percentage point in the ratio for large losses of $1 million or more per claim, discussed below.
Catastrophe losses and loss expenses accounted for 13.3 percentage points of the combined ratio for the first three months of 2019, compared with 8.9 percentage points for the same period of last year. Through 2018, the 10-year annual average catastrophe loss ratio for the personal lines segment was 10.9 percentage points, and the five-year annual average was 8.9 percentage points. The ratio for noncatastrophe weather-related losses for the first three months of 2019, at 6.2%, was 1.2 percentage points better than the same period a year ago.
In addition to the average rate increases discussed above, we continue to refine our pricing to better match premiums to the risk of loss on individual policies. Improved pricing precision and broad-based rate increases are expected to help position the combined ratio at a profitable level over the long term. In addition, greater geographic diversification is expected to reduce the volatility of homeowner loss ratios attributable to weather-related catastrophe losses over time.
Our homeowner line of business, representing 42% of our 2018 personal lines earned premiums, was the only major line in this segment with a three-month 2019 total loss and loss expense ratio before catastrophe losses significantly higher than we desired, although it improved compared with the prior-year period. Its catastrophe loss experience has been elevated in recent quarters, largely due to wildfire losses that have affected much of the property casualty industry. In recent quarters our homeowner policies have experienced average renewal price increases at percentages near the high end of the mid-single-digit range. We believe rate increases and other actions to improve pricing precision and reduce loss costs will improve future profitability.
The net effect of reserve development on prior accident years during the first three months of 2019 was unfavorable for personal lines overall by $3 million, compared with favorable net reserve development of $1 million for the same period of 2018. Our homeowner line of business was the largest contributor to the 2018 total personal lines net unfavorable reserve development on prior accident years, partially offset by net favorable reserve development for our personal auto and other personal lines of business. The net unfavorable reserve development was primarily due to higher-than-anticipated loss emergence on known claims. Reserve estimates are inherently uncertain as described in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates, Property Casualty Insurance Loss and Loss Expense Reserves, Page 54.
The underwriting expense ratio decreased for the first three months of 2019, compared with the same period a year ago, reflecting a higher than average expense ratio for the first quarter 2018 due to a lower amount of deferred acquisition costs. The current year period reflects a ratio generally in line with our longer-term historical average, as well as ongoing expense management efforts and higher earned premiums.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 48



Personal Lines Insurance Losses Incurred by Size
(Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Current accident year losses greater than $5 million
 
$

 
$

 
nm

Current accident year losses $1 million - $5 million
 
10

 
10

 

Large loss prior accident year reserve development
 
2

 
5

 
(60
)
Total large losses incurred
 
12

 
15

 
(20
)
Losses incurred but not reported
 
4

 
(1
)
 
nm

Other losses excluding catastrophe losses
 
163

 
167

 
(2
)
Catastrophe losses
 
45

 
29

 
55

Total losses incurred
 
$
224

 
$
210

 
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratios as a percent of earned premiums:
 
 
 
 
 
Pt. Change
Current accident year losses greater than $5 million
 
%
 
 %
 
0.0

Current accident year losses $1 million - $5 million
 
2.8

 
2.9

 
(0.1
)
Large loss prior accident year reserve development
 
0.6

 
1.7

 
(1.1
)
Total large loss ratio
 
3.4

 
4.6

 
(1.2
)
Losses incurred but not reported
 
1.0

 
(0.4
)
 
1.4

Other losses excluding catastrophe losses
 
47.4

 
51.6

 
(4.2
)
Catastrophe losses
 
13.1

 
8.8

 
4.3

Total loss ratio
 
64.9
%
 
64.6
 %
 
0.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

We continue to monitor new losses and case reserve increases greater than $1 million for trends in factors such as initial reserve levels, loss cost inflation and claim settlement expenses. Our analysis continues to indicate no unexpected concentration of these large losses and case reserve increases by risk category, geographic region, policy inception, agency or field marketing territory. In the first quarter of 2019, the personal lines total large loss ratio, net of reinsurance, was 1.2 percentage points lower than last year’s first quarter. The decrease in personal lines large losses for the first three months of 2019 occurred primarily for our homeowner line of business. We believe results for the three-month periods largely reflected normal fluctuations in loss patterns and normal variability in large case reserves for claims above $1 million.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 49



EXCESS AND SURPLUS LINES INSURANCE RESULTS
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Earned premiums
 
$
63

 
$
56

 
13

Fee revenues
 
1

 

 
nm

Total revenues
 
64

 
56

 
14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss and loss expenses from:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Current accident year before catastrophe losses
 
35

 
30

 
17

Current accident year catastrophe losses
 

 
1

 
(100
)
Prior accident years before catastrophe losses
 
(2
)
 
(10
)
 
80

Prior accident years catastrophe losses
 

 

 
0

Loss and loss expenses
 
33

 
21

 
57

Underwriting expenses
 
20

 
17

 
18

Underwriting profit
 
$
11

 
$
18

 
(39
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratios as a percent of earned premiums:
 
 
 
 
 
Pt. Change
Current accident year before catastrophe losses
 
55.5
 %
 
54.6
 %
 
0.9

Current accident year catastrophe losses
 
0.3

 
1.8

 
(1.5
)
Prior accident years before catastrophe losses
 
(4.2
)
 
(17.2
)
 
13.0

Prior accident years catastrophe losses
 
(0.1
)
 
0.1

 
(0.2
)
Loss and loss expenses
 
51.5

 
39.3

 
12.2

Underwriting expenses
 
32.0

 
29.5

 
2.5

Combined ratio
 
83.5
 %
 
68.8
 %
 
14.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
 
83.5
 %
 
68.8
 %
 
14.7

Contribution from catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development
 
(4.0
)
 
(15.3
)
 
11.3

Combined ratio before catastrophe losses and prior years reserve development
 
87.5
 %
 
84.1
 %
 
3.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview
Performance highlights for the excess and surplus lines segment include:
Premiums – Excess and surplus lines net written premiums continued to grow during the first quarter of 2019, primarily due to an increase in new business written premiums. For the first three months of 2019, excess and surplus lines policy renewals experienced estimated average price increases at percentages in the low-single-digit range. We measure average changes in excess and surplus lines renewal pricing as the percentage rate of change in renewal premium for the new policy period compared with the premium for the expiring policy period, assuming no change in the level of insured exposures or policy coverage between those periods for respective policies.
New business written premiums produced by agencies increased by $10 million for the first quarter of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018. We believe the unusually large increase is a reflection of more opportunities in the marketplace for insurance companies to obtain higher premium rates, plus our additional marketing efforts. Some of what we report as new business came from accounts that were not new to our agents. We believe our agents’ seasoned accounts tend to be priced more accurately than business that may be less familiar to them.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 50



Excess and Surplus Lines Insurance Premiums
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Agency renewal written premiums
 
$
49

 
$
48

 
2

Agency new business written premiums
 
26

 
16

 
63

Other written premiums
 
(4
)
 
(3
)
 
(33
)
Net written premiums
 
71

 
61

 
16

Unearned premium change
 
(8
)
 
(5
)
 
(60
)
Earned premiums
 
$
63

 
$
56

 
13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio – The excess and surplus lines combined ratio increased by 14.7 percentage points for the first three months of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018. The increase was primarily due to less favorable reserve development on prior accident years.
The excess and surplus lines ratio for current accident year loss and loss expenses before catastrophe losses rose in the first three months of 2019. That 55.5% ratio increased 0.9 percentage points compared with the 54.6% accident year 2018 ratio measured as of March 31, 2018, including an increase of 1.6 percentage points in the ratio for large losses of $1 million or more per claim, discussed below.
Excess and surplus lines net favorable reserve development on prior accident years, as a ratio to earned premiums, was 4.3% for the first three months of 2019, compared with 17.1% for the same period of 2018. The net favorable reserve development recognized during the first three months of 2019 was primarily attributable to accident year 2018. The favorable reserve development was due primarily to lower-than-anticipated loss emergence on known claims. Reserve estimates are inherently uncertain as described in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates, Property Casualty Insurance Loss and Loss Expense Reserves, Page 54.
The excess and surplus lines underwriting expense ratio for the first quarter of 2019 increased, compared with the same period of 2018, primarily due to higher internal expense allocations that offset higher earned premiums and ongoing expense management efforts.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 51



Excess and Surplus Lines Insurance Losses Incurred by Size
(Dollars in millions, net of reinsurance)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Current accident year losses greater than $5 million
 
$

 
$

 
nm

Current accident year losses $1 million - $5 million
 
1

 

 
nm

Large loss prior accident year reserve development
 
1

 

 
nm

Total large losses incurred
 
2

 

 
nm

Losses incurred but not reported
 

 
(5
)
 
nm

Other losses excluding catastrophe losses
 
19

 
14

 
36

Catastrophe losses
 

 
1

 
nm

Total losses incurred
 
$
21

 
$
10

 
110

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratios as a percent of earned premiums:
 
 
 
 
 
Pt. Change
Current accident year losses greater than $5 million
 
%
 
 %
 
0.0

Current accident year losses $1 million - $5 million
 
1.6

 

 
1.6

Large loss prior accident year reserve development
 
1.2

 
(0.4
)
 
1.6

Total large loss ratio
 
2.8

 
(0.4
)
 
3.2

Losses incurred but not reported
 
0.8

 
(9.0
)
 
9.8

Other losses excluding catastrophe losses
 
29.1

 
26.4

 
2.7

Catastrophe losses
 
0.2

 
1.8

 
(1.6
)
Total loss ratio
 
32.9
%
 
18.8
 %
 
14.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We continue to monitor new losses and case reserve increases greater than $1 million for trends in factors such as initial reserve levels, loss cost inflation and claim settlement expenses. Our analysis continues to indicate no unexpected concentration of these large losses and case reserve increases by risk category, geographic region, policy inception, agency or field marketing territory. In the first quarter of 2019, the excess and surplus lines total ratio for large losses, net of reinsurance, was 3.2 percentage points higher than last year’s first quarter. We believe results for the three-month period largely reflected normal fluctuations in loss patterns and normal variability in large case reserves for claims above $1 million.
 


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 52



LIFE INSURANCE RESULTS
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Earned premiums
 
$
66

 
$
60

 
10
Fee revenues
 
1

 
1

 
0
Total revenues
 
67

 
61

 
10
Contract holders' benefits incurred
 
70

 
63

 
11
Investment interest credited to contract holders'
 
(24
)
 
(24
)
 
0
Underwriting expenses incurred
 
22

 
20

 
10
Total benefits and expenses
 
68

 
59

 
15
Life insurance segment profit (loss)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
2

 
nm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Overview
Performance highlights for the life insurance segment include:
Revenues – Revenues increased for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared with the same period a year ago, primarily due to higher earned premiums from term life insurance, our largest life insurance product line.
Net in-force life insurance policy face amounts increased to $67.304 billion at March 31, 2019, from $66.142 billion at year-end 2018.
Fixed annuity deposits received for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were $7 million, matching the same period of 2018. Fixed annuity deposits have a minimal impact to earned premiums because deposits received are initially recorded as liabilities. Profit is earned over time by way of interest-rate spreads. We do not write variable or equity-indexed annuities.
 
Life Insurance Premiums
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,

 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Term life insurance
 
$
45

 
$
41

 
10
Universal life insurance
 
10

 
9

 
11
Other life insurance and annuity products
 
11

 
10

 
10
Net earned premiums
 
$
66

 
$
60

 
10
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profitability – Our life insurance segment typically reports a small profit or loss on a GAAP basis because profits from investment income spreads are included in our investment segment results. We include only investment income credited to contract holders (including interest assumed in life insurance policy reserve calculations) in our life insurance segment results. A loss of $1 million for our life insurance segment in the first three months of 2019, compared with a gain of $2 million for the same period of 2018, was primarily due to less favorable effects from the unlocking of actuarial assumptions.
Life insurance segment benefits and expenses consist principally of contract holders’ (policyholders’) benefits incurred related to traditional life and interest-sensitive products and operating expenses incurred, net of deferred acquisition costs. Total benefits increased in the first three months of 2019. Life policy and investment contract reserves increased with continued growth in net in-force life insurance policy face amounts. Mortality results increased, compared with the same period of 2018, and were slightly higher than our 2019 projections.
Underwriting expenses for the first three months of 2019 increased compared with the same period a year ago. For the first three months of 2019, unlocking of interest rate and other actuarial assumptions decreased the amount of expenses deferred to future periods, increasing underwriting expenses. For the first three months of 2018, unlocking of interest rate and other assumptions had an immaterial impact on the amount of expenses deferred to future periods.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 53



We recognize that assets under management, capital appreciation and investment income are integral to evaluating the success of the life insurance segment because of the long duration of life products. On a basis that includes investment income and investment gains or losses from life-insurance-related invested assets, the life insurance company reported net income of $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared with net income of $13 million for the same period of 2018. The life insurance company portfolio had net after-tax investment losses of $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared with less than $1 million of net after-tax investment gains for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

INVESTMENTS RESULTS
 
Overview
The investments segment contributes investment income and investment gains and losses to results of operations. Investments traditionally are our primary source of pretax and after-tax profits.
 
Investment Income
Pretax investment income increased 5% for the first quarter of 2019, compared with the same period of 2018. Interest income increased by $1 million as net purchases of fixed-maturity securities offset the continuing effects of the low interest rate environment. Higher dividend income reflected rising dividend rates and net purchases of equity securities in recent quarters.

Investments Results
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,

 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Total investment income, net of expenses
 
$
157

 
$
150

 
5
Investment interest credited to contract holders'
 
(24
)
 
(24
)
 
0
Investment gains and losses, net
 
663

 
(191
)
 
nm
Investments profit, pretax
 
$
796

 
$
(65
)
 
nm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

We continue to position our portfolio considering both the challenges presented by the current low interest rate environment and the risks presented by potential future inflation. As bonds in our generally laddered portfolio mature or are called over the near term, we will be challenged to replace their current yield. The table below shows the average pretax yield-to-amortized cost associated with expected principal redemptions for our fixed-maturity portfolio. The expected principal redemptions are based on par amounts and include dated maturities, calls and prefunded municipal bonds that we expect will be called during each respective time period.
(Dollars in millions)
% Yield
 
Principal redemptions
At March 31, 2019
 
Fixed-maturity pretax yield profile:
 
 
 
Expected to mature during the remainder of 2019
5.50
 
$
439

Expected to mature during 2020
4.62
 
670

Expected to mature during 2021
4.34
 
987

Average yield and total expected maturities from the remainder of 2019 through 2021
4.68
 
$
2,096

 
 
 
 


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 54



The table below shows the average pretax yield-to-amortized cost for fixed-maturity securities acquired during the periods indicated. The average yield for total fixed-maturity securities acquired during the first three months of 2019 was higher than the 4.20% average yield-to-amortized cost of the fixed-maturity securities portfolio at the end of 2018. Our fixed-maturity portfolio's average yield of 4.15% for the first three months of 2019, from the investment income table below, was lower than that yield for the year-end 2018 fixed-maturities portfolio.
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Average pretax yield-to-amortized cost on new fixed-maturities:
 
 
 
 
Acquired taxable fixed-maturities
 
4.99
%
 
4.11
%
Acquired tax-exempt fixed-maturities
 
3.52

 
3.32

Average total fixed-maturities acquired
 
4.79

 
4.02

 
 
 
 
 

While our bond portfolio more than covers our insurance reserve liabilities, we believe our diversified common stock portfolio of mainly blue chip, dividend-paying companies represents one of our best investment opportunities for the long term. We discussed our portfolio strategies in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Investments Segment, Page 26, and Item 7, Investments Outlook, Page 91. We discuss risks related to our investment income and our fixed-maturity and equity investment portfolios in this quarterly report Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

The table below provides details about investment income. Average yields in this table are based on the average invested asset and cash amounts indicated in the table, using fixed-maturity securities valued at amortized cost and all other securities at fair value.
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Investment income:
 
 

 
 

 
 
Interest
 
$
111

 
$
110

 
1
Dividends
 
46

 
42

 
10
Other
 
3

 
1

 
200
Less investment expenses
 
3

 
3

 
0
Investment income, pretax
 
157

 
150

 
5
Less income taxes
 
24

 
23

 
4
Total investment income, after-tax
 
$
133

 
$
127

 
5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment returns:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average invested assets plus cash and cash equivalents
 
$
17,924

 
$
17,242

 
 
Average yield pretax
 
3.50
%
 
3.48
%
 
 
Average yield after-tax
 
2.97

 
2.95

 
 
Effective tax rate
 
15.5

 
15.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-maturity returns:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average amortized cost
 
$
10,689

 
$
10,339

 
 
Average yield pretax
 
4.15
%
 
4.26
%
 
 
Average yield after-tax
 
3.46

 
3.56

 
 
Effective tax rate
 
16.7

 
16.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 55



Total Investment Gains and Losses
Investment gains and losses are recognized on the sales of investments, for certain changes in fair values of securities even though we continue to hold the securities or as otherwise required by GAAP. The change in fair value for equity securities still held are included in investment gains and losses and also in net income. The change in unrealized gains or losses for fixed-maturity securities are included as a component of other comprehensive income (OCI). Accounting requirements for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) charges for the fixed-maturity portfolio are disclosed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Page 128.
 
The table below summarizes total investment gains and losses, before taxes.
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Investment gains and losses:
 
 
 
 
Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
Investment gains and losses on securities sold, net
 
$
4

 
$
3

Unrealized gains and losses on securities still held, net
 
652

 
(198
)
Subtotal
 
656

 
(195
)
Fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
Gross realized gains
 
2

 
4

Other
 
5

 

Total investment gains and losses reported in net income
 
663

 
(191
)
Change in unrealized investment gains and losses:
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
 
242

 
(221
)
Total unrealized investment gains and losses reported in OCI
 
242

 
(221
)
Total
 
$
905

 
$
(412
)
 
 
 
 
 

Of the 3,746 fixed-maturity securities in the portfolio, no securities were trading below 70% of amortized cost at March 31, 2019. Our asset impairment committee regularly monitors the portfolio, including a quarterly review of the entire portfolio for potential OTTI charges. We believe that if liquidity in the markets were to significantly deteriorate or economic conditions were to significantly weaken, we could experience declines in portfolio values and possibly additional OTTI charges.

We had no OTTI charges for either the first three months of 2019 or the first three months of 2018.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER
We report as Other the noninvestment operations of the parent company and a noninsurance subsidiary, CFC Investment Company. We also report as Other the underwriting results of Cincinnati Re, our reinsurance assumed operation, and MSP, which was acquired on February 28, 2019. Underwriting results in the table below for Cincinnati Re and MSP include earned premiums, loss and loss expenses and underwriting expenses.

Total revenues for the first three months of 2019 for our Other operations increased, compared with the same period of 2018, primarily due to earned premiums from Cincinnati Re and MSP, which each increased by $11 million. Total expenses for Other increased for the first three months of 2019, primarily due to more losses and loss expenses from Cincinnati Re.

Other loss in the table below represents losses before income taxes. For both periods shown, Other loss resulted largely from interest expense from debt of the parent company.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 56



(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Interest and fees on loans and leases
 
$
2

 
$
1

 
100
Earned premiums
 
50

 
29

 
72
Total revenues
 
52

 
30

 
73
Interest expense
 
13

 
13

 
0
Loss and loss expenses
 
26

 
13

 
100
Underwriting expenses
 
16

 
11

 
45
Operating expenses
 
8

 
4

 
100
Total expenses
 
63

 
41

 
54
Other loss
 
$
(11
)
 
$
(11
)
 
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TAXES
We had $172 million of income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared with an income tax benefit of $19 million for the same period of 2018. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was 19.8% compared with 38.0% for the same period last year. The change in our effective tax rate between years was primarily due to a large net investment gain included in income for 2019 versus a net investment loss included in income for the prior-year period.  

Historically, we have pursued a strategy of investing some portion of cash flow in tax-advantaged fixed-maturity and equity securities to minimize our overall tax liability and maximize after-tax earnings. See Tax-Exempt Fixed Maturities in this quarterly report Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for further discussion on municipal bond purchases in our fixed-maturity investment portfolio. For our property casualty insurance subsidiaries, approximately 75% of interest from tax-advantaged fixed-maturity investments and approximately 40% of dividends from qualified equities are exempt from federal tax after applying proration from the 1986 Tax Reform Act. Our noninsurance companies own an immaterial amount of tax-advantaged fixed-maturity investments. For our noninsurance companies, the dividend received deduction exempts 50% of dividends from qualified equities. Our life insurance company does not own tax-advantaged fixed-maturity investments or equities subject to the dividend received deduction. Details about our effective tax rate are in this quarterly report Item 1, Note 9 – Income Taxes.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 57



LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
At March 31, 2019, shareholders’ equity was $8.630 billion, compared with $7.833 billion at December 31, 2018. Total debt was $820 million at March 31, 2019, unchanged from December 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, cash and cash equivalents totaled $802 million, compared with $784 million at December 31, 2018.

SOURCES OF LIQUIDITY
 
Subsidiary Dividends
Our lead insurance subsidiary declared dividends of $200 million to the parent company in the first three months of 2019, compared with $100 million for the same period of 2018. For full-year 2018, subsidiary dividends declared totaled $500 million. State of Ohio regulatory requirements restrict the dividends our insurance subsidiary can pay. For full-year 2019, total dividends that our insurance subsidiary could pay to our parent company without regulatory approval are approximately $626 million. We do not expect MSP to pay a dividend to the parent company during 2019.
 
Investing Activities
Investment income is a source of liquidity for both the parent company and its insurance subsidiary. We continue to focus on portfolio strategies to balance near-term income generation and long-term book value growth.
 
Parent company obligations can be funded with income on investments held at the parent-company level or through sales of securities in that portfolio, although our investment philosophy seeks to compound cash flows over the long term. These sources of capital can help minimize subsidiary dividends to the parent company, protecting insurance subsidiary capital.

For a discussion of our historic investment strategy, portfolio allocation and quality, see our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1, Investments Segment, Page 26.
 
Insurance Underwriting
Our property casualty and life insurance underwriting operations provide liquidity because we generally receive premiums before paying losses under the policies purchased with those premiums. After satisfying our cash requirements, we use excess cash flows for investment, increasing future investment income.
 
Historically, cash receipts from property casualty and life insurance premiums, along with investment income, have been more than sufficient to pay claims, operating expenses and dividends to the parent company.
 
The table below shows a summary of operating cash flow for property casualty insurance (direct method):
(Dollars in millions)
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
% Change
Premiums collected
 
$
1,349

 
$
1,269

 
6

Loss and loss expenses paid
 
(824
)
 
(714
)
 
(15
)
Commissions and other underwriting expenses paid
 
(514
)
 
(519
)
 
1

Cash flow from underwriting
 
11

 
36

 
(69
)
Investment income received
 
113

 
108

 
5

Cash flow from operations
 
$
124

 
$
144

 
(14
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collected premiums for property casualty insurance rose $80 million during the first three months of 2019, compared with the same period in 2018. Loss and loss expenses paid for the 2019 period increased $110 million. Commissions and other underwriting expenses paid decreased $5 million, primarily due to higher commissions paid to agencies, reflecting the increase in collected premiums.
 
We discuss our future obligations for claims payments and for underwriting expenses in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Contractual Obligations, Page 97, and Other Commitments also on Page 97.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 58



Capital Resources
At March 31, 2019, our debt-to-total-capital ratio was 8.7%, with $788 million in long-term debt and $32 million in borrowing on our revolving short-term line of credit. That line of credit had a $32 million balance at December 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, $268 million was available for future cash management needs as part of the general provisions of the line of credit agreement, with another $300 million available as part of an accordion feature. Based on our capital requirements at March 31, 2019, during the remainder of the year we do not anticipate a material increase in debt levels exceeding the available line of credit amount. As a result, we expect changes in our debt-to-total-capital ratio to continue to be largely a function of the contribution of unrealized investment gains or losses to shareholders’ equity. As part of our MSP acquisition, on February 25, 2019, we entered into an unsecured letter of credit agreement in the amount of $238 million to provide a portion of the capital needed to support its obligations at Lloyd’s.
 
We provide details of our three long-term notes in this quarterly report Item 1, Note 3 – Fair Value Measurements. None of the notes are encumbered by rating triggers.
 
Four independent ratings firms award insurer financial strength ratings to our property casualty insurance companies and three firms rate our life insurance company. Those firms made no changes to our parent company debt ratings during the first three months of 2019. Our debt ratings are discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Liquidity and Capital Resources, Other Sources of Liquidity, Page 95.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not use any special-purpose financing vehicles or have any undisclosed off-balance sheet arrangements (as that term is defined in applicable SEC rules) that are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on the company’s financial condition, results of operation, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. Similarly, the company holds no fair-value contracts for which a lack of marketplace quotations would necessitate the use of fair-value techniques.
 
USES OF LIQUIDITY
Our parent company and insurance subsidiary have contractual obligations and other commitments. In addition, one of our primary uses of cash is to enhance shareholder return.
 
Contractual Obligations
We estimated our future contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018, in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Contractual Obligations, Page 97. There have been no material changes to our estimates of future contractual obligations since our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Other Commitments
In addition to our contractual obligations, we have other property casualty operational commitments.
Commissions – Commissions paid were $350 million in the first three months of 2019. Commission payments generally track with written premiums, except for annual profit-sharing commissions typically paid during the first quarter of the year.
Other underwriting expenses – Many of our underwriting expenses are not contractual obligations, but reflect the ongoing expenses of our business. Noncommission underwriting expenses paid were $164 million in the first three months of 2019.
Technology costs – In addition to contractual obligations for hardware and software, we anticipate capitalizing up to $7 million in spending for key technology initiatives in 2019. Capitalized development costs related to key technology initiatives were $2 million in the first three months of 2019. These activities are conducted at our discretion, and we have no material contractual obligations for activities planned as part of these projects.
Funds at Lloyd's – From time to time, we may be required to meet certain cash funding requirements on behalf of MSP.  In March, 2019, we paid $35 million to Lloyd’s. 

There were no contributions to our qualified pension plan during the first three months of 2019.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 59



Investing Activities
After fulfilling operating requirements, we invest cash flows from underwriting, investment and other corporate activities in fixed-maturity and equity securities on an ongoing basis to help achieve our portfolio objectives. We discuss our investment strategy and certain portfolio attributes in this quarterly report Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
 
Uses of Capital
Uses of cash to enhance shareholder return include dividends to shareholders. In February 2019, the board of directors declared regular quarterly cash dividends of 56 cents per share for an indicated annual rate of $2.24 per share. During the first three months of 2019, we used $85 million to pay cash dividends to shareholders.

PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE LOSS AND LOSS EXPENSE RESERVES
For the business lines in the commercial and personal lines insurance segments, and in total for the excess and surplus lines insurance segment and other property casualty insurance operations, the following table details gross reserves among case, IBNR (incurred but not reported) and loss expense reserves, net of salvage and subrogation reserves. Reserving practices are discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Property Casualty Insurance Loss and Loss Expense Obligations and Reserves, Page 98.
 
Total gross reserves at March 31, 2019, increased $240 million compared with December 31, 2018. Case loss reserves for losses increased $124 million, IBNR loss reserves increased by $119 million and loss expense reserves decreased by $3 million. The total gross increase was driven by the inclusion of reserves for recently-acquired MSP.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 60



Property Casualty Gross Reserves
(Dollars in millions)
 
Loss reserves
 
Loss expense reserves
 
Total gross reserves
 
 
 
 
Case reserves
 
IBNR reserves
 
 
 
Percent of total
At March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial lines insurance:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial casualty
 
$
918

 
$
660

 
$
606

 
$
2,184

 
37.1
%
Commercial property
 
248

 
32

 
60

 
340

 
5.8

Commercial auto
 
392

 
164

 
135

 
691

 
11.7

Workers' compensation
 
385

 
541

 
93

 
1,019

 
17.3

Other commercial
 
101

 
7

 
72

 
180

 
3.1

Subtotal
 
2,044

 
1,404

 
966

 
4,414

 
75.0

Personal lines insurance:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Personal auto
 
228

 
60

 
73

 
361

 
6.1

Homeowner
 
164

 
24

 
34

 
222

 
3.8

Other personal
 
49

 
57

 
5

 
111

 
1.9

Subtotal
 
441

 
141

 
112

 
694

 
11.8

Excess and surplus lines insurance
 
119

 
96

 
88

 
303

 
5.1

Cincinnati Re
 
46

 
162

 
2

 
210

 
3.6

MSP
 
198

 
65

 
2

 
265

 
4.5

Total
 
$
2,848

 
$
1,868

 
$
1,170

 
$
5,886

 
100.0
%
At December 31, 2018
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial lines insurance:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Commercial casualty
 
$
981

 
$
647

 
$
604

 
$
2,232

 
39.5
%
Commercial property
 
270

 
12

 
60

 
342

 
6.1

Commercial auto
 
402

 
152

 
141

 
695

 
12.3

Workers' compensation
 
384

 
542

 
92

 
1,018

 
18.0

Other commercial
 
99

 
7

 
73

 
179

 
3.2

Subtotal
 
2,136

 
1,360

 
970

 
4,466

 
79.1

Personal lines insurance:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Personal auto
 
240

 
50

 
72

 
362

 
6.3

Homeowner
 
152

 
9

 
40

 
201

 
3.6

Other personal
 
46

 
65

 
5

 
116

 
2.1

Subtotal
 
438

 
124

 
117

 
679

 
12.0

Excess and surplus lines insurance
 
118

 
96

 
84

 
298

 
5.3

Cincinnati Re
 
32

 
169

 
2

 
203

 
3.6

Total
 
$
2,724

 
$
1,749

 
$
1,173

 
$
5,646

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LIFE POLICY AND INVESTMENT CONTRACT RESERVES
Gross life policy and investment contract reserves were $2.784 billion at March 31, 2019, compared with $2.779 billion at year-end 2018, reflecting continued growth in life insurance policies in force. We discuss our life insurance reserving practices in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Life Insurance Policyholder Obligations and Reserves, Page 104.

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 61



OTHER MATTERS
 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our significant accounting policies are discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Page 128, and updated in this quarterly report Item 1, Note 1, Accounting Policies.
 
In conjunction with those discussions, in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis in the 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, management reviewed the estimates and assumptions used to develop reported amounts related to the most significant policies. Management discussed the development and selection of those accounting estimates with the audit committee of the board of directors.
 
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our greatest exposure to market risk is through our investment portfolio. Market risk is the potential for a decrease in securities’ fair value resulting from broad yet uncontrollable forces such as: inflation, economic growth or recession, interest rates, world political conditions or other widespread unpredictable events. It is comprised of many individual risks that, when combined, create a macroeconomic impact.
 
Our view of potential risks and our sensitivity to such risks is discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, Page 113.
 
The fair value of our investment portfolio was $17.593 billion at March 31, 2019, up $984 million from year-end 2018, including a $333 million increase in the fixed-maturity portfolio and a $651 million increase in the equity portfolio.
(Dollars in millions)
At March 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
 
Cost or 
amortized cost
Percent 
of total
 
Fair value
Percent 
of total
 
Cost or 
amortized cost
Percent 
of total
 
Fair value
Percent 
of total
Taxable fixed maturities
$
7,009

49.7
%
 
$
7,167

40.7
%
 
$
6,920

49.4
%
 
$
6,926

41.7
%
Tax-exempt fixed maturities
3,725

26.4

 
3,855

21.9

 
3,723

26.6

 
3,763

22.6

Common equity securities
3,208

22.7

 
6,381

36.3

 
3,195

22.8

 
5,742

34.6

Nonredeemable preferred
  equity securities
173

1.2

 
190

1.1

 
173

1.2

 
178

1.1

Total
$
14,115

100.0
%
 
$
17,593

100.0
%
 
$
14,011

100.0
%
 
$
16,609

100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2019, our consolidated investment portfolio included $5 million of assets for which values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require significant management judgment (Level 3 assets). This represented less than 1% of investment portfolio assets measured at fair value. See Item 1, Note 3, Fair Value Measurements, for additional discussion of our valuation techniques. We have generally obtained and evaluated two nonbinding quotes from brokers; then, our investment professionals determined our best estimate of fair value. These investments include private placements, small issues and various thinly traded securities.
 
In addition to our investment portfolio, the total investments amount reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets includes Other invested assets. Other invested assets included $33 million of life policy loans, $143 million in Lloyd's deposits, $68 million of private equity investments and $27 million of real estate through direct property ownership and development projects in the United States at March 31, 2019.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 62



FIXED-MATURITY SECURITIES INVESTMENTS
By maintaining a well-diversified fixed-maturity portfolio, we attempt to reduce overall risk. We invest new money in the bond market on a regular basis, targeting what we believe to be optimal risk-adjusted, after-tax yields. Risk, in this context, includes interest rate, call, reinvestment rate, credit and liquidity risk. We do not make a concerted effort to alter duration on a portfolio basis in response to anticipated movements in interest rates. By regularly investing in the bond market, we build a broad, diversified portfolio that we believe mitigates the impact of adverse economic factors.

In the first three months of 2019, the increase in fair value of our fixed-maturity portfolio reflected both net purchases of securities and an increase in net unrealized gains, primarily due to a decrease in interest rates and a narrowing of corporate credit spreads. At March 31, 2019, our fixed-maturity portfolio with an average rating of A2/A was valued at 102.7% of its amortized cost, compared with 100.4% at December 31, 2018.
 
At March 31, 2019, our investment-grade and noninvestment-grade fixed-maturity securities represented 86.8% and 2.5% of the portfolio, respectively. The remaining 10.7% represented fixed-maturity securities that were not rated by Moody's or S&P Global Ratings.

Attributes of the fixed-maturity portfolio include:
 
 
At March 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
Weighted average yield-to-amortized cost
 
4.16
%
 
4.20
%
Weighted average maturity
 
7.6
yrs
 
7.6
yrs
Effective duration
 
5.1
yrs
 
5.2
yrs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We discuss maturities of our fixed-maturity portfolio in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 2, Investments, Page 137, and in this quarterly report Item 2, Investments Results.
 


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 63



TAXABLE FIXED MATURITIES
Our taxable fixed-maturity portfolio, with a fair value of $7.167 billion at March 31, 2019, included:
(Dollars in millions)
 
At March 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
Investment-grade corporate
 
$
5,623

 
$
5,464

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 
564

 
541

Government sponsored enterprises
 
302

 
310

Commercial mortgage backed securities
 
297

 
288

Nonivestment-grade corporate
 
265

 
246

United States government
 
100

 
67

Foreign government
 
16

 
10

Total
 
$
7,167

 
$
6,926

 
 
 
 
 
 
Our strategy is to buy, and typically hold, fixed-maturity investments to maturity, but we monitor credit profiles and fair value movements when determining holding periods for individual securities. With the exception of United States agency issues that include government-sponsored enterprises, no individual issuer’s securities accounted for more than 1.3% of the taxable fixed-maturity portfolio at March 31, 2019. Our investment-grade corporate bonds had an average rating of Baa2 by Moody’s or BBB by S&P Global Ratings and represented 78.5% of the taxable fixed-maturity portfolio’s fair value at March 31, 2019, compared with 78.9% at year-end 2018.
 
The heaviest concentration in our investment-grade corporate bond portfolio, based on fair value at
March 31, 2019, was the financial sector. It represented 47.0% of our investment-grade corporate bond portfolio, compared with 47.1% at year-end 2018. No other sector exceeded 10% of our investment-grade corporate bond portfolio.

Our taxable fixed-maturity portfolio at March 31, 2019, included $297 million of commercial mortgage-backed securities with an average rating of Aa1/AA.
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 64



TAX-EXEMPT FIXED MATURITIES
At March 31, 2019, we had $3.855 billion of tax-exempt fixed-maturity securities with an average rating of Aa2/AA by Moody’s and S&P Global Ratings. We traditionally have purchased municipal bonds focusing on general obligation and essential services issues, such as water, waste disposal or others. The portfolio is well diversified among approximately 1,450 municipal bond issuers. No single municipal issuer accounted for more than 0.6% of the tax-exempt fixed-maturity portfolio at March 31, 2019.

INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Because of our strong surplus, long-term investment horizon and ability to hold most fixed-maturity investments until maturity, we believe the company is adequately positioned if interest rates were to rise. Although the fair values of our existing holdings may suffer, a higher rate environment would provide the opportunity to invest cash flow in higher-yielding securities, while reducing the likelihood of untimely redemptions of currently callable securities. While higher interest rates would be expected to continue to increase the number of fixed-maturity holdings trading below 100% of amortized cost, we believe lower fixed-maturity security values due solely to interest rate changes would not signal a decline in credit quality. We continue to manage the portfolio with an eye toward both meeting current income needs and managing interest rate risk.
 
Our dynamic financial planning model uses analytical tools to assess market risks. As part of this model, the effective duration of the fixed-maturity portfolio is continually monitored by our investment department to evaluate the theoretical impact of interest rate movements.
 
The table below summarizes the effect of hypothetical changes in interest rates on the fair value of the fixed-maturity portfolio:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Effect from interest rate change in basis points
 
 
-200
 
 -100
 
-
 
100
 
200
At March 31, 2019
 
$
12,117

 
$
11,570

 
$
11,022

 
$
10,451

 
$
9,894

At December 31, 2018
 
$
11,793

 
$
11,245

 
$
10,689

 
$
10,121

 
$
9,576

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The effective duration of the fixed-maturity portfolio as of March 31, 2019, was 5.1 years, down from 5.2 years at year-end 2018. The above table is a theoretical presentation showing that an instantaneous, parallel shift in the yield curve of 100 basis points could produce an approximately 5.1% change in the fair value of the fixed-maturity portfolio. Generally speaking, the higher a bond is rated, the more directly correlated movements in its fair value are to changes in the general level of interest rates, exclusive of call features. The fair values of average- to lower-rated corporate bonds are additionally influenced by the expansion or contraction of credit spreads.
 
In our dynamic financial planning model, the selected interest rate change of 100 to 200 basis points represents our view of a shift in rates that is quite possible over a one-year period. The rates modeled should not be considered a prediction of future events as interest rates may be much more volatile in the future. The analysis is not intended to provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in rates on our results or financial condition, nor does it take into account any actions that we might take to reduce exposure to such risks.



Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 65



EQUITY INVESTMENTS
Our equity investments, with a fair value totaling $6.571 billion at March 31, 2019, included $6.381 billion of common stock securities of companies generally with strong indications of paying and growing their dividends. Other criteria we evaluate include increasing sales and earnings, proven management and a favorable outlook. We believe our equity investment style is an appropriate long-term strategy. While our long-term financial position would be affected by prolonged changes in the market valuation of our investments, we believe our strong surplus position and cash flow provide a cushion against short-term fluctuations in valuation. Continued payment of cash dividends by the issuers of our common equity holdings can provide a floor to their valuation.

The table below summarizes the effect of hypothetical changes in market prices on fair value of our equity portfolio.
(Dollars in millions)
Effect from market price change in percent
 
 
-30%
 
-20%
 
-10%
 
 
10%
 
20%
 
30%
At March 31, 2019
 
$
4,600

 
$
5,257

 
$
5,914

 
$
6,571

 
$
7,228

 
$
7,885

 
$
8,542

At December 31, 2018
 
$
4,144

 
$
4,736

 
$
5,328

 
$
5,920

 
$
6,512

 
$
7,104

 
$
7,696

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

At March 31, 2019, Microsoft Corporation (Nasdaq:MSFT) was our largest single common stock holding with a fair value of $296 million, or 4.6% of our publicly traded common stock portfolio and 1.7% of the total investment portfolio. Thirty-five holdings among nine different sectors each had a fair value greater than $100 million.
 
Common Stock Portfolio Industry Sector Distribution
 
Percent of common stock portfolio
 
At March 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
 
Cincinnati
 Financial
 
S&P 500 Industry
Weightings
 
Cincinnati
Financial
 
S&P 500 Industry
Weightings
Sector:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Information technology
22.5
%
 
21.2
%
 
20.9
%
 
20.1
%
Financial
14.3

 
12.7

 
15.6

 
13.3

Healthcare
13.4

 
14.6

 
14.9

 
15.6

Industrials
13.2

 
9.5

 
12.5

 
9.2

Consumer discretionary
10.8

 
10.2

 
10.5

 
10.0

Energy
7.0

 
5.4

 
6.7

 
5.3

Consumer staples
5.9

 
7.3

 
5.6

 
7.4

Materials
4.7

 
2.6

 
4.9

 
2.7

Telecomm services
3.2

 
10.1

 
3.5

 
10.1

Utilities
2.6

 
3.3

 
2.7

 
3.3

Real Estate
2.4

 
3.1

 
2.2

 
3.0

Total
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 66



UNREALIZED INVESTMENT GAINS AND LOSSES
At March 31, 2019, unrealized investment gains before taxes for the fixed-maturity portfolio totaled
$320 million and unrealized investment losses amounted to $32 million before taxes.
 
The $288 million net unrealized gain position in our fixed-maturity portfolio at March 31, 2019, increased in the first three months of 2019, primarily due to a decrease in interest rates and a narrowing of corporate credit spreads. The net gain position for our current fixed-maturity holdings will naturally decline over time as individual securities mature. In addition, changes in interest rates can cause rapid, significant changes in fair values of fixed-maturity securities and the net gain position, as discussed in Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

For federal income tax purposes, taxes on gains from appreciated investments generally are not due until securities are sold. We believe that the appreciated value of equity securities, compared with the cost of securities that is generally used as a tax basis, is a useful measure to help evaluate how fair value can change over time. On this basis, the net unrealized investment gains at March 31, 2019, consisted of a net gain position in our equity portfolio of $3.190 billion. Events or factors such as economic growth or recession can affect the fair value and unrealized investment gains of our equity securities. The five largest holdings in our common stock portfolio were Microsoft Corporation (Nasdaq:MSFT), Apple Inc. (Nasdaq:AAPL), JP Morgan Chase & Co. (NYSE:JPM), Cisco Systems (Nasdaq:SCO) and BlackRock Inc. (NYSE:BLK), which had a combined fair value of $1.182 billion.

Unrealized Investment Losses
We expect the number of fixed-maturity securities trading below amortized cost to fluctuate as interest rates rise or fall and credit spreads expand or contract due to prevailing economic conditions. Further, amortized costs for some securities are revised through OTTI recognized in prior periods. At March 31, 2019, 426 of the 3,746 fixed-maturity securities we owned had fair values below amortized cost, compared with 1,262 of the 3,606 securities we owned at year-end 2018. The 426 holdings with fair values below cost or amortized cost at March 31, 2019, represented 18.2% of the fair value of our fixed-maturity investment portfolio and $32 million in unrealized losses.
420 of the 426 holdings had fair value between 90% and 100% of amortized cost at March 31, 2019. These primarily consist of securities whose current valuation is largely the result of interest rate factors. The fair value of these 420 securities was $1.542 billion, and they accounted for $29 million in unrealized losses.
6 of the 426 fixed-maturity holdings had fair value between 70% and 90% of amortized cost at March 31, 2019. We believe the six fixed-maturity securities will continue to pay interest and ultimately pay principal upon maturity. The issuers of these six securities have strong cash flow to service their debt and meet their contractual obligation to make principal payments. The fair value of these securities was $14 million, and they accounted for $3 million in unrealized losses.
There were no fixed-maturity securities with a fair value below 70% of amortized cost at March 31, 2019.


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The table below reviews fair values and unrealized losses by investment category and by the overall duration of the securities’ continuous unrealized loss position.
(Dollars in millions)
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
 
 
Fair
 
Unrealized
 
Fair
 
Unrealized
 
Fair
 
Unrealized
At March 31, 2019
 
value
 
losses
 
value
 
losses
 
value
 
losses
Fixed maturity securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate
 
$
343

 
$
5

 
$
685

 
$
20

 
$
1,028

 
$
25

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 
10

 

 
237

 
3

 
247

 
3

Government-sponsored enterprises
 
7

 

 
204

 
3

 
211

 
3

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
2

 

 
45

 
1

 
47

 
1

United States government
 

 

 
23

 

 
23

 

Total
 
$
362

 
$
5

 
$
1,194

 
$
27

 
$
1,556

 
$
32

At December 31, 2018
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed maturity securities:
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Corporate
 
$
2,082

 
$
51

 
$
501

 
$
36

 
$
2,583

 
$
87

States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 
823

 
18

 
340

 
13

 
1,163

 
31

Government-sponsored enterprises
 
49

 
1

 
211

 
6

 
260

 
7

Commercial mortgage-backed
 
77

 

 
64

 
2

 
141

 
2

United States government
 

 

 
33

 
1

 
33

 
1

Total
 
$
3,031

 
$
70

 
$
1,149

 
$
58

 
$
4,180

 
$
128

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2019, 358 fixed-maturity securities with a total unrealized loss of $27 million had been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Of that total, no fixed-maturity securities had a fair value below 70% of amortized cost; six fixed-maturity securities with a fair value of $14 million had a fair value from 70% to less than 90% of amortized cost and accounted for $3 million in unrealized losses; and 352 fixed-maturity securities with a fair value of $1.180 billion had fair values from 90% to less than 100% of amortized cost and accounted for $24 million in unrealized losses.

At March 31, 2019, applying our invested asset impairment policy, we determined that the total of $27 million, for securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more in the table above, was not other-than-temporarily impaired.

During the first three months of 2019, no securities were written down through an impairment charge. Similarly, OTTI resulted in no noncash charges for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
 
During full-year 2018, we wrote down one security and recorded $5 million in OTTI charges. At December 31, 2018, 400 fixed-maturity investments with a total unrealized loss of $58 million had been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Of that total, no fixed-maturity investments had fair values below 70% of amortized cost.


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The following table summarizes the investment portfolio by severity of decline:
(Dollars in millions)
 
Number
of issues
 
Cost or 
amortized
cost
 
Fair value
 
Gross 
unrealized 
gain (loss)
 
Gross investment income
At March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost
 

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost
 
333

 
1,401

 
1,372

 
(29
)
 
13

Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost
 
1,409

 
5,608

 
5,795

 
187

 
66

Investment income on securities sold in current year
 

 

 

 

 
2

Total
 
1,742

 
7,009

 
7,167

 
158

 
81

Tax-exempt fixed maturities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost
 

 

 

 

 

Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost
 
93

 
187

 
184

 
(3
)
 
1

Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost
 
1,911

 
3,538

 
3,671

 
133

 
29

Investment income on securities sold in current year
 

 

 

 

 

Total
 
2,004

 
3,725

 
3,855

 
130

 
30

Fixed-maturities summary:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fair valued below 70% of cost or amortized cost
 

 

 

 

 

Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of cost or amortized cost
 
426

 
1,588

 
1,556

 
(32
)
 
14

Fair valued at 100% and above of cost or amortized cost
 
3,320

 
9,146

 
9,466

 
320

 
95

Investment income on securities sold in current year
 

 

 

 

 
2

Total
 
3,746

 
$
10,734

 
$
11,022

 
$
288

 
$
111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2018
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed-maturities summary:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fair valued below 70% of cost or amortized cost
 

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of cost or amortized cost
 
1,262

 
4,308

 
4,180

 
(128
)
 
147

Fair valued at 100% and above of cost or amortized cost
 
2,344

 
6,335

 
6,509

 
174

 
269

Investment income on securities sold in current year
 

 

 

 

 
28

Total
 
3,606

 
$
10,643

 
$
10,689

 
$
46

 
$
444

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates, Asset Impairment, Page 58.

Item 4.        Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures – The company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)).
 
Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. The company’s management, with the participation of the company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2019. Based upon that evaluation, the company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the design and operation of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures provided reasonable assurance that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure:
that information required to be disclosed in the company’s reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and
that such information is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting – During the three months ended March 31, 2019, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. On February 28, 2019, we completed the acquisition of MSP. MSP's existing disclosure controls and procedures supported our financial reporting as of March 31, 2019. In conducting our evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, we have elected to exclude MSP from our evaluation as permitted under SEC rules. We are currently in the process of evaluating and integrating MSP's internal controls over financial reporting with ours. We expect to complete this integration by December 31, 2019.
 
Part II – Other Information
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
Neither the company nor any of our subsidiaries are involved in any litigation believed to be material other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to the nature of our business.
 
Item 1A.    Risk Factors
Our risk factors have not changed materially since they were described in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 22, 2019, and are incorporated herein by reference, except we no longer have risks or uncertainties associated with the timely or successful completion of the acquisition of MSP Underwriting Limited. This transaction was completed as reported on Form 8-K filed February 28, 2019.


Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 70



Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
We did not sell any of our shares that were not registered under the Securities Act during the first three months of 2019. Our repurchase program was expanded on October 22, 2007, to increase our repurchase authorization to approximately 13 million shares. Our repurchase program does not have an expiration date. On January 26, 2018, an additional 15 million shares were authorized, resulting in 15,476,785 shares available for purchase under our programs at March 31, 2019.
Period
 
Total number
 of shares
 purchased
 
Average
 price paid
 per share
 
Total number of shares 
purchased as part of
publicly announced
plans or programs
 
Maximum number of
shares that may yet be
purchased under the
plans or programs
January 1-31, 2019
 

 
$

 

 
15,476,785

February 1-28, 2019
 

 

 

 
15,476,785

March 1-31, 2019
 

 

 

 
15,476,785

Totals
 

 

 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 71



Item 6.    Exhibits
Exhibit No.
 
Exhibit Description
3.1
 
3.2
 
10.1
 
10.2
 
10.3
 
31A
 
31B
 
32
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 

Cincinnati Financial Corporation First-Quarter 2019 10-Q
Page 72



SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Date: April 24, 2019
 
/S/ Michael J. Sewell
Michael J. Sewell, CPA
Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President and Treasurer
(Principal Accounting Officer)


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