Clovis Oncology, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2016 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016.

For the transition period from            to           .

Commission file number: 001-35347

Clovis Oncology, Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

(303) 625-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o    No  x

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of July 29, 2016 was 38,501,077.

CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except for share amounts)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Clovis Oncology, Inc. (the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing cancer treatments in the United States, Europe and other international markets. The Company has and intends to continue to license or acquire rights to oncology compounds in all stages of development. In exchange for the right to develop and commercialize these compounds, the Company generally expects to provide the licensor with a combination of upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties on future sales. In addition, the Company generally expects to assume the responsibility for future drug development and commercialization costs. The Company currently operates in one segment. Since inception, the Company’s operations have consisted primarily of developing in-licensed compounds, evaluating new product acquisition candidates and general corporate activities.

Basis of Presentation

All financial information presented includes the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The unaudited financial statements of Clovis Oncology, Inc. included herein reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, except for those discussed in the following footnotes, which in the opinion of management are necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Interim results may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in audited financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 for a broader discussion of our business and the opportunities and risks inherent in such business.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the Company’s previously reported results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and revenue and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including estimates related to contingent purchase consideration, the allocation of purchase consideration, intangible asset impairment, clinical trial accruals and share-based compensation expense. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Liquidity

The Company has incurred significant net losses since inception and has relied on its ability to fund its operations through debt and equity financings. Management expects operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for the foreseeable future. As the Company continues to incur losses, transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful development, approval and commercialization of its product candidates and achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure. The Company may never achieve profitability, and unless or until it does, the Company will continue to need to raise additional cash.

Management intends to fund future operations through additional private or public debt or equity offerings and may seek additional capital through arrangements with strategic partners or from other sources. Based on current estimates, management believes that existing working capital at June 30, 2016 is sufficient to meet the cash requirements to fund planned operations through at least the next 12 months, although there can be no assurance that this can, in fact, be accomplished.

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2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ASU No. 2016-09 requires all income tax effects of awards to be recognized in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The guidance also requires the presentation of excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. Amendments related to the timing of when excess tax benefits are recognized should be applied using a modified retrospective transition method. An entity may elect to apply the amendments related to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows using either a prospective transition method or a retrospective transition method. The Company is currently evaluating its planned method of adoption and the impact the standard may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. EOS Acquisition

On November 19, 2013, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common and preferred stock of Ethical Oncology Science, S.p.A. (“EOS”) (now known as Clovis Oncology Italy S.r.l.). The Company paid $11.8 million in cash and issued $173.7 million of common stock at the acquisition date and is obligated to pay additional future cash payments if certain lucitanib regulatory and sales milestones are achieved. The potential contingent milestone payments range from a zero payment, which assumes lucitanib fails to achieve any of the regulatory milestones, to approximately $193.2 million ($65.0 million and €115.0 million) if all regulatory and sales milestones are met, utilizing the translation rate at June 30, 2016.

During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a $25.5 million reduction in the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liability due to the Company’s and its development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer (see Note 4). At June 30, 2016, the contingent purchase consideration liability recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was zero due to the uncertainty of achieving any of the lucitanib regulatory milestones. At December 31, 2015, the liability for the estimated fair value of the payments recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $24.7 million.

4. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Available-for-Sale Securities

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include bank demand deposits and money market funds that invest primarily in certificate of deposits, commercial paper and U.S. government and U.S. government agency obligations.

Marketable securities are considered to be available-for-sale securities and consist of U.S. Treasury securities. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized gains and losses, amortization of premiums and discounts and interest and dividends earned are included in other income (expense) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The cost of investments for purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses is based on the specific identification method. Investments with maturities beyond one year are classified as short-term based on management’s intent to fund current operations with these securities or to make them available for current operations.

A decline in the market value of a security below its cost that is deemed to be other than temporary is charged to earnings and results in the establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Factors evaluated to determine if an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired include significant deterioration in earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality or business prospects of the issuer; adverse changes in the general market conditions in which the issuer operates; and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the security until an anticipated recovery in value occurs.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (at exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

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The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:

The following table identifies the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

There were no transfers between the Level 1 and Level 2 categories or into or out of the Level 3 category during the six months ended June 30, 2016.

The following table rolls forward the fair value of Level 3 instruments (significant unobservable inputs) (in thousands):

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The change in the fair value of Level 3 instruments is included in change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration and foreign currency gains (losses) for changes in the foreign currency translation rate on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include the Company’s in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) intangible assets, which were recorded as part of the acquisition of EOS (see Note 3 and Note 7). The fair value of the IPR&D intangible assets was established based upon discounted cash flow models using assumptions related to the timing of development, probability of development and regulatory success, sales and commercialization factors and estimated product life. As the valuation is based on significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement is classified as Level 3. IPR&D assets are evaluated for impairment at least annually or more frequently if impairment indicators exist.

During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a $104.5 million impairment charge due to the Company’s and its development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer. At June 30, 2016, the IPR&D intangible asset recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was zero.

Financial instruments not recorded at fair value include the Company’s convertible senior notes. At June 30, 2016, the carrying amount of the convertible senior notes was $287.5 million, which represents the aggregate principal amount, and the fair value was $207.7 million. The fair value was determined using Level 2 inputs based on the indicative pricing published by certain investment banks or trading levels of the Notes, which are not listed on any securities exchange or quoted on an inter-dealer automated quotation system. See Note 9 for discussion of the convertible senior notes.

5. Available-for-Sale Securities

As of June 30, 2016, available-for-sale securities consisted of the following (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2015, available-for-sale securities consisted of the following (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2016, the fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months were as follows (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2016, one of the Company’s investments has been in an unrealized loss position for two months. Based upon our evaluation of all relevant factors, we believe that the decline in fair value of securities held at June 30, 2016 below cost is temporary, and we intend to retain our investment in these securities for a sufficient period of time to allow for recovery of the fair value.

As of December 31, 2015, the fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months were as follows (in thousands):

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As of June 30, 2016, the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity were (in thousands):

6. Other Current Assets

Other current assets were comprised of the following (in thousands):

7. Intangible Assets and Goodwill

IPR&D intangible assets and goodwill were established as part of the purchase accounting of EOS (see Note 3) and consisted of the following (in thousands):

During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company recorded an $89.6 million impairment charge due to the Company’s and its development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for lung cancer, as well as updates to the probability-weighted discounted cash flow assumptions for the breast cancer indication.

IPR&D intangible assets are evaluated for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if impairment indicators exist and any reduction in fair value is recorded as impairment of intangible asset on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

As part of the acquisition of EOS, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability to recognize the difference between the book and tax basis of the assets and liabilities acquired. During the first quarter of 2016, the Company updated the annual effective tax rate to reflect a reduction in the statutory rate of the foreign jurisdiction, resulting in the recognition of a $3.6 million income tax benefit.

During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recognized a $29.2 million deferred tax benefit associated with the impairment of the IPR&D intangible asset.

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8. Other Accrued Expenses

Other accrued expenses were comprised of the following (in thousands):

9. Convertible Senior Notes

On September 9, 2014, we completed a private placement of $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2.5% convertible senior notes due 2021 (the “Notes”) resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $278.3 million after deducting offering expenses. In accordance with the accounting guidance, the conversion feature did not meet the criteria for bifurcation, and the entire principal amount was recorded as a long-term liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Notes are governed by the terms of the indenture between the Company, as issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 2.5% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The Notes will mature on September 15, 2021, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased.

Holders may convert all or any portion of the Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date. Upon conversion, the holders will receive shares of our common stock at an initial conversion rate of 16.1616 shares per $1,000 in principal amount of Notes, equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $61.88 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events described in the indenture, but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or upon our issuance of a notice of redemption, we will increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert the Notes in connection with such a corporate event or during the related redemption period in certain circumstances.

On or after September 15, 2018, we may redeem the Notes, at our option, in whole or in part, if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 150% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending not more than two trading days preceding the date on which we provide written notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes.

If we undergo a fundamental change, as defined in the indenture, prior to the maturity date of the Notes, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of the Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The Notes rank senior in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes; equal in right of payment to all of our liabilities that are not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries.

In connection with the issuance of the Notes, the Company incurred $9.2 million of debt issuance costs. The debt issuance costs are presented as a deduction from convertible senior notes on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized as interest expense over the expected life of the Notes using the effective interest method. The Company determined the expected life of the debt was equal to the seven-year term of the Notes. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the balance of unamortized debt issuance costs was $7.0 million and $7.6 million, respectively.

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The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

10. Stockholders’ Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists of changes in foreign currency translation adjustments, which includes changes in a subsidiary’s functional currency, and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.

The accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are summarized as follows (in thousands):

The period change between June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was primarily due to the currency translation of the IPR&D intangible assets, goodwill and deferred income taxes associated with the acquisition of EOS (see Note 3 and Note 7).

11. Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense for all equity based programs, including stock options, restricted stock units and the employee stock purchase plan, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows (in thousands):

The Company did not recognize a tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as the Company maintains net operating loss carryforwards and has established a valuation allowance against the entire net deferred tax asset as of June 30, 2016.

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The following table summarizes the activity relating to the Company’s options to purchase common stock for the six months ended June 30, 2016:

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the pretax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $13.72 as of June 30, 2016, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders with in-the-money options exercised their options as of that date.

The following table summarizes information about our stock options as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

As of June 30, 2016, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested options, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $82.2 million and the estimated weighted-average remaining vesting period was 2.3 years.

During the first quarter of 2016, the Company issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain employees under the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan. The RSUs vest over either a two-year period or over a four-year period and are payable in shares of the Company’s common stock at the end of the vesting period. RSUs are measured based on the fair value of the underlying stock on the grant date. Shares issued on the vesting dates are net of the minimum statutory tax to be paid by the Company on behalf of its employees. As a result, the actual number of shares issued will be lower than the actual number of RSUs vested.

The following table summarizes the activity relating to the Company’s unvested RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2016:

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As of June 30, 2016, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $2.0 million and the estimated weighted-average remaining vesting period was 2.3 years.

12. License Agreements

Rucaparib

In June 2011, the Company entered into a worldwide license agreement with Pfizer Inc. to acquire exclusive development and commercialization rights to rucaparib. This drug candidate is a small molecule inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which the Company is developing for the treatment of selected solid tumors. Under the terms of the license agreement, the Company made a $7.0 million upfront payment to Pfizer. In April 2014, the Company initiated a pivotal registration study for rucaparib, which resulted in a $0.4 million milestone payment to Pfizer as required by the license agreement. This payment was recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense.

The Company is responsible for all development and commercialization costs of rucaparib. When and if commercial sales of rucaparib begin, we will pay Pfizer tiered royalties on our net sales. In addition, Pfizer is eligible to receive up to $258.5 million of further payments, in aggregate, if certain development, regulatory and sales milestones are achieved, including $21.25 million associated with the first filing and approval of a New Drug Application (“NDA”) by the FDA. During the second quarter of 2016, we completed the submission of our NDA with the FDA for potential accelerated approval of rucaparib in the U.S.

Lucitanib

In connection with its acquisition of EOS (see Note 3), the Company gained rights to develop and commercialize lucitanib, an oral, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. As further described below, EOS licensed the worldwide rights, excluding China, to develop and commercialize lucitanib from Advenchen Laboratories LLC (“Advenchen”). Subsequently, rights to develop and commercialize lucitanib in markets outside the U.S. and Japan were sublicensed by EOS to Les Laboratoires Servier (“Servier”) in exchange for upfront milestone fees, royalties on sales of lucitanib in the sublicensed territories and research and development funding commitments.

In October 2008, EOS entered into an exclusive license agreement with Advenchen to develop and commercialize lucitanib on a global basis, excluding China. The Company is obligated to pay Advenchen royalties on net sales of lucitanib based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay to Advenchen 25% of any consideration, excluding royalties, received pursuant to any sublicense agreements for lucitanib, including the agreement with Servier. In the first quarter of 2014, the Company recognized acquired in-process research and development expense of $3.4 million, which represents 25% of the sublicense agreement consideration of $13.6 million received from Servier upon the end of opposition and appeal of the lucitanib patent by the European Patent Office.

In September 2012, EOS entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Servier whereby EOS sublicensed to Servier exclusive rights to develop and commercialize lucitanib in all countries outside of the U.S., Japan and China. In exchange for these rights, EOS received an upfront payment of €45.0 million and is entitled to receive additional payments upon achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial milestones up to €90.0 million in the aggregate. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive sales milestone payments if specified annual sales targets for lucitanib are met, which, in the aggregate, could total €250.0 million. The Company is also entitled to receive royalties on sales of lucitanib by Servier.

The development, regulatory and commercial milestones represent non-refundable amounts that would be paid by Servier to the Company if certain milestones are achieved in the future. These milestones, if achieved, are substantive as they relate solely to past performance, are commensurate with estimated enhancement of value associated with the achievement of each milestone as a result of the Company's performance, which are reasonable relative to the other deliverables and terms of the arrangement, and are unrelated to the delivery of any further elements under the arrangement.

The Company and Servier are developing lucitanib pursuant to a development plan agreed to between the parties. Servier is responsible for all of the initial global development costs under the agreed upon plan up to €80.0 million. Cumulative global development costs, if any, in excess of €80.0 million will be shared equally between the Company and Servier. Based on current estimates, we expect that Servier’s €80.0 million funding commitment will be fulfilled in early 2017, and thereafter, we will share with Servier in future development costs pursuant to a mutually agreed upon global development plan. Reimbursements are recorded as a reduction to research and development expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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The Company recorded a $2.7 million and $3.2 million receivable at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, for the reimbursable development costs incurred under the global development plan, which is included in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ending June 30, 2016 and 2015, we incurred $2.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively, in research and development costs and recorded reductions in research and development expense of $2.8 million and $3.9 million, respectively, for reimbursable development costs due from Servier. For the six months ending June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, we incurred $6.2 million and $7.8 million, respectively, in research and development costs and recorded reductions in research and development expense of $6.4 million and $6.6 million, respectively, for reimbursable development costs due from Servier.

Rociletinib

In May 2010, we entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement with Avila Therapeutics, Inc. (now Celgene Avilomics Research, Inc., part of Celgene Corporation (“Celgene”)) to discover, develop and commercialize a covalent inhibitor of mutant forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene product. Rociletinib was identified as the lead inhibitor candidate under the license agreement. We are responsible for all non-clinical, clinical, regulatory and other activities necessary to develop and commercialize rociletinib.

We made an upfront payment of $2.0 million upon execution of the license agreement, a $4.0 million milestone payment in the first quarter of 2012 upon acceptance by the FDA of our Investigational New Drug application for rociletinib and a $5.0 million milestone payment in the first quarter of 2014 upon initiation of the Phase II study for rociletinib. In the third quarter of 2015, we made milestone payments totaling $12.0 million upon acceptance of the NDA and Marketing Authorization Application (“MAA”) for rociletinib by the FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”), respectively. We recognized all payments as acquired in-process research and development expense.

During the second quarter of 2016, the Company received a Complete Response Letter (“CRL”) from the FDA for the rociletinib NDA. The FDA issues a CRL to indicate that their review of an application is complete and that the application is not ready for approval. In anticipation of receiving the CRL, the Company terminated enrollment in all ongoing sponsored clinical studies, although it continues to provide drug to patients whose clinicians recommend continuing rociletinib therapy. In addition, the Company withdrew its MAA for rociletinib on file with the EMA. The Company is continuing analyses of rociletinib data to determine whether certain populations of patients may represent an opportunity for a partner committed to investing in further clinical development.

We are obligated to pay royalties on net sales of rociletinib based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. The Company is required to pay up to an additional aggregate of $98.0 million in development and regulatory milestone payments if certain clinical study objectives and regulatory filings, acceptances and approvals are achieved. In addition, the Company is required to pay up to an aggregate of $120.0 million in sales milestone payments if certain annual sales targets are achieved.

13. Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding using the treasury-stock method for the stock options and RSUs and the if-converted method for the Notes. As a result of our net losses for the periods presented, all potentially dilutive common share equivalents were considered anti-dilutive and were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share.

The shares outstanding at the end of the respective periods presented in the table below were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share due to their anti-dilutive effect (in thousands):

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14. Commitments and Contingencies

Royalty and License Fee Commitments

The Company has entered into certain license agreements, as identified in Note 12, with third parties that include the payment of development and regulatory milestones, as well as royalty payments, upon the achievement of pre-established development, regulatory and commercial targets. The Company’s payment obligation related to these license agreements is contingent upon the successful development, regulatory approval and commercialization of the licensed products. Due to the nature of these arrangements, the future potential payments are inherently uncertain, and accordingly, no amounts have been recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Development and Manufacturing Agreement Commitments

In February 2013, the Company entered into a development and manufacturing agreement with a third-party supplier for the production of the active ingredient for rucaparib. Under the Development and Manufacturing Agreement, the Company will provide the third-party supplier a rolling 24-month forecast that will be updated by the Company on a quarterly basis. The Company is obligated to order the quantity specified in the first 12 months of any forecast. As of June 30, 2016, $16.5 million of purchase commitments exist under this agreement.

Legal Proceedings

The Company and certain of its officers and directors were named as defendants in several lawsuits, as described below. We cannot reasonably predict the outcome of these legal proceedings, nor can we estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, if any, that may result. An adverse outcome in these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

On November 19, 2015, Steve Kimbro, a purported shareholder of Clovis, filed a purported class action complaint (the “Kimbro Complaint”) against Clovis and certain of its officers in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The Kimbro Complaint purports to be asserted on behalf of a class of persons who purchased Clovis stock between October 31, 2013 and November 15, 2015. The Kimbro Complaint generally alleges that Clovis and certain of its officers violated federal securities laws by making allegedly false and misleading statements regarding the progress toward FDA approval and the potential for market success of rociletinib. The Kimbro Complaint seeks unspecified damages.

Also on November 19, 2015, a second purported shareholder class action complaint was filed by Sonny P. Medina, another purported Clovis shareholder, containing similar allegations to those set forth in the Kimbro Complaint, also in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado (the “Medina Complaint”). The Medina Complaint purports to be asserted on behalf of a class of persons who purchased Clovis stock between May 20, 2014 and November 13, 2015. On November 20, 2015, a third complaint was filed by John Moran in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (the “Moran Complaint”). The Moran Complaint contains similar allegations to those asserted in the Kimbro and Medina Complaints and purports to be asserted on behalf of a plaintiff class who purchased Clovis stock between October 31, 2013 and November 13, 2015.

On December 14, 2015, Ralph P. Rocco, a fourth purported shareholder of Clovis, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado (the “Rocco Complaint”). The Rocco Complaint contains similar allegations to those set forth in the previous complaints and purports to be asserted on behalf of a plaintiff class who purchased Clovis stock between October 31, 2013 and November 15, 2015.

On January 19, 2016, a number of motions were filed in both the District of Colorado and the Northern District of California seeking to consolidate the shareholder class actions into one matter and for appointment of a lead plaintiff. All lead plaintiff movants other than M. Arkin (1999) LTD and Arkin Communications LTD (the “Arkin Plaintiffs”) subsequently filed notices of non-opposition to the Arkin Plaintiffs’ application.

On February 2, 2016, the Arkin Plaintiffs filed a motion to transfer the Moran Complaint to the District of Colorado (the “Motion to Transfer”). Also on February 2, 2016, the defendants filed a statement in the Northern District of California supporting the consolidation of all actions in a single court, the District of Colorado. On February 3, 2016, the Northern District of California court denied without prejudice the lead plaintiff motions filed in that court pending a decision on the Motion to Transfer.

On February 16, 2016, the defendants filed a memorandum in support of the Motion to Transfer, and plaintiff Moran filed a notice of non-opposition to the Motion to Transfer. On February 17, 2016, the Northern District of California court granted the Motion to Transfer.

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On February 18, 2016, the Medina court issued an opinion and order addressing the various motions for consolidation and appointment of lead plaintiff and lead counsel in the District of Colorado actions. By this ruling, the court consolidated the Medina, Kimbro and Rocco actions into a single proceeding. The court also appointed the Arkin Plaintiffs as the lead plaintiffs and Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossman as lead counsel for the putative class.

On April 1, 2016, the Arkin Plaintiffs and the defendants filed a stipulated motion to set the schedule for the filing of a consolidated complaint in the Medina, Kimbro and Rocco actions (the “Consolidated Complaint”) and the responses thereto, including the defendants’ motion to dismiss the Consolidated Complaint (the “Motion to Dismiss”), and to stay discovery and related proceedings until the District of Colorado issues a decision on the Motion to Dismiss. The stipulated motion was entered by the District of Colorado on April 4, 2016. Subject to further agreed-upon extensions by the parties, the Arkin Plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Complaint on May 6, 2016.

The Consolidated Complaint names as defendants the Company and certain of its current and former officers (the “Clovis Defendants”), certain underwriters (the “Underwriter Defendants”) for a Company follow-on offering conducted in July 2015 (the “July 2015 Offering”) and certain Company venture capital investors (the “Venture Capital Defendants”). The Consolidated Complaint alleges that defendants violated particular sections of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). The purported misrepresentations and omissions concern allegedly misleading statements about rociletinib. The putative class action is purportedly brought on behalf of investors who purchased the Company’s securities between May 31, 2014 and April 7, 2016 (with respect to the Exchange Act claims) and investors who purchased the Company’s securities pursuant or traceable to the July 2015 Offering (with respect to the Securities Act claims). The Consolidated Complaint seeks unspecified compensatory and recessionary damages.

On May 23, 2016, the Medina, Kimbro, Rocco and Moran actions were consolidated for all purposes in a single proceeding in the District of Colorado.

The Clovis Defendants, along with the Underwriter Defendants and the Venture Capital Defendants, filed a Motion to Dismiss on July 27, 2016; the Arkin Plaintiff’s opposition is due on September 23, 2016; and the defendants’ replies are due on October 14, 2016.

The Clovis Defendants intend to vigorously defend against the allegations contained in the Kimbro, Medina, Moran and Rocco Complaints, but there can be no assurance that the defense will be successful.

On December 30, 2015, Jamie McCall, a purported shareholder of Clovis, filed a shareholder derivative complaint (the “McCall Complaint”) against certain officers and directors of Clovis in the Colorado District Court, County of Boulder. The McCall Complaint generally alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties owed to Clovis by participating in misrepresentation of the Company’s business operations and prospects. The McCall Complaint also alleged claims for abuse of control, gross mismanagement and unjust enrichment. The McCall Complaint sought, among other things, an award of money damages, declaratory and injunctive relief concerning the alleged fiduciary breaches and other forms of equitable relief. On March 17, 2016, the plaintiff filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of the McCall Complaint and the action was terminated by the Court.

On January 22, 2016, the Electrical Workers Local #357 Pension and Health & Welfare Trusts, a purported shareholder of Clovis, filed a purported class action complaint (the “Electrical Workers Complaint”) against Clovis and certain of its officers, directors, investors and underwriters in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Mateo. The Electrical Workers Complaint purports to be asserted on behalf of a class of persons who purchased stock in Clovis’ July 8, 2015 follow-on offering. The Electrical Workers Complaint generally alleges that the defendants violated the Securities Act because the offering documents for the July 8, 2015 follow-on offering contained allegedly false and misleading statements regarding the progress toward FDA approval and the potential for market success of rociletinib. The Electrical Workers Complaint seeks unspecified damages.

On February 25, 2016, the defendants removed the case to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California and thereafter moved to transfer the case to the District of Colorado (“Motion to Transfer”). On March 2, 2016, the plaintiff filed a motion to remand the case to San Mateo County Superior Court (“Motion to Remand”). Following briefing on the Motion to Transfer and the Motion to Remand, the Northern District of California held a hearing on April 18, 2016 concerning the Motion to Remand, at the conclusion of which the court granted to the Motion to Remand. On May 5, 2016, the Northern District of California issued a written decision and order granting the Motion to Remand the case to the Superior Court, County of San Mateo and denying the Motion to Transfer as moot.

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While the case was pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, the parties entered into a stipulation extending the defendants’ time to respond to the Electrical Workers Complaint for 30 days following the filing of an amended complaint by plaintiff or the designation by plaintiff of the Electrical Workers Complaint as the operative complaint.  Following remand, Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Mateo so-ordered the stipulation on June 22, 2016.

On June 30, 2016, the Electrical Workers Plaintiffs filed an amended Complaint (the “Amended Complaint”). The Amended Complaint names as defendants the Company and certain of its current and former officers and directors, certain underwriters for the July 2015 Offering and certain Company venture capital investors. The Amended Complaint purports to assert claims under the Securities Act based upon alleged misstatements in Clovis’ offering documents for the July 2015 Offering. The Amended Complaint includes new allegations about the Company’s rociletinib disclosures. The Amended Complaint seeks unspecified damages.

On July 28, 2016, the court ordered the following briefing schedule: defendants’ motion to stay the Electrical Workers action pending resolution of the Medina, Kimbro, Moran and Rocco actions in the District of Colorado (“Motion to Stay”) and demurrer to the Amended Complaint are due on August 15, 2016; plaintiff’s oppositions are due on August 31, 2016; and the defendants’ reply briefs are due on September 15, 2016. A hearing on both motions is scheduled for September 23, 2016. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations contained in the Electrical Workers Amended Complaint, but there can be no assurance that the defense will be successful.

On February 19, 2016, Maris Sanchez, a purported shareholder of Clovis, filed a shareholder derivative complaint (the “Sanchez Complaint”) against certain officers and directors of Clovis in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The Sanchez Complaint generally alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties owed to Clovis by participating in misrepresentation of the Company’s business operations and prospects. The Sanchez Complaint also alleged claims for abuse of control and gross mismanagement. The Sanchez Complaint sought, among other things, an award of money damages. On March 11, 2016, the plaintiff filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of the Sanchez Complaint without prejudice. On March 14, 2016, the Sanchez action was terminated by the District of Colorado.

The Company has received requests for information from governmental agencies relating to the Company’s regulatory update announcement in November 2015 that the FDA requested additional clinical data on the efficacy and safety of rociletinib. The Company is cooperating with the inquiries.

The Company received a letter dated May 31, 2016 from an alleged owner of the Company’s common stock, which purports to set forth a demand for inspection of certain of the Company’s books and records pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 220 (the “Demand Letter”). The Demand Letter was purportedly made for the purpose of investigating alleged misconduct at the Company relating to rociletinib. On June 24, 2016, the Company submitted a response to the Demand Letter. The Company believes that the Demand Letter fails to establish an entitlement to any of the requested documents, but there can be no assurance about the likelihood of an adverse outcome.

15. Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated events up to the filing date of these interim financial statements and determined that no subsequent activity required disclosure.

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Forward-Looking Information

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the information incorporated herein by reference includes statements that are, or may be deemed, “forward-looking statements.” In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “approximately” or, in each case, their negative or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. They appear in a number of places throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things, our ongoing and planned non-clinical studies and clinical trials, the timing of and our ability to make regulatory filings and obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates, the degree of clinical utility of our products, particularly in specific patient populations, expectations regarding clinical trial data, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth and strategies, the industry in which we operate and the trends that may affect the industry or us.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events, competitive dynamics and industry change and depend on the economic circumstances that may or may not occur in the future or may occur on longer or shorter timelines than anticipated. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity and the development of the industry in which we operate may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained herein.

Any forward-looking statements that we make in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

You should also read carefully the factors described in the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our other reports filed with the SEC and on our website.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing cancer treatments in the United States, Europe and other international markets. Our product development programs generally target specific subsets of cancer, and we seek to simultaneously develop, with partners, companion diagnostics that direct our product candidates to the patients most likely to benefit from their use. We are currently developing two product candidates:

We hold global development and commercialization rights for rucaparib. For lucitanib, we hold development and commercialization rights in the U.S. and Japan and have sublicensed rights to Europe and rest of world markets, excluding China, to Les Laboratoires Servier (“Servier”).

In addition, we have a third product candidate, rociletinib, an oral mutant-selective inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (“EGFR”). During the second quarter of 2016, the Company received a Complete Response Letter (“CRL”) from the FDA for the rociletinib NDA, which was submitted during the third quarter of 2015. The FDA issues a CRL to indicate that their review of an application is complete and that the application is not ready for approval. In anticipation of receiving the CRL, the Company terminated enrollment in all ongoing sponsored clinical studies, although it continues to provide drug to patients whose clinicians recommend continuing rociletinib therapy. In addition, the Company withdrew its Marketing Authorization Application (“MAA”) for rociletinib on file with the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”). The Company is continuing analyses of rociletinib data to determine whether certain populations of patients may represent an opportunity for a partner committed to investing in further clinical development. We hold global development and commercialization rights for rociletinib.

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To date, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to identifying and in-licensing product candidates, performing development activities with respect to those product candidates and the general and administrative support of these operations. To date, we have generated $13.6 million in license and milestone revenue, but have generated no product revenues. We have principally funded our operations using the net proceeds from the sale of convertible preferred stock, the issuance of convertible promissory notes, public offerings of our common stock and our convertible senior notes offering.

We have never been profitable and, as of June 30, 2016, we had an accumulated deficit of $994.6 million. We expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, as we advance our product candidates through clinical development to seek regulatory approval and, if approved, commercialize such product candidates. Based on our current estimates, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities as of June 30, 2016 will allow us to fund activities through at least the next 12 months. We expect to finance future cash needs through a combination of public or private equity or debt offerings, collaborations, strategic alliances or other similar licensing arrangements. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may never do so.

Product License Agreements

Rucaparib

In June 2011, we entered into a license agreement with Pfizer Inc. to acquire exclusive global development and commercialization rights to rucaparib. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, we made a $7.0 million upfront payment to Pfizer. In April 2014, the Company initiated a pivotal registration study for rucaparib, which resulted in a $0.4 million milestone payment to Pfizer as required by the license agreement. This payment was recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense.

We are responsible for all development and commercialization costs of rucaparib. When and if commercial sales of rucaparib begin, we will pay Pfizer tiered royalties on our net sales. In addition, Pfizer is eligible to receive up to $258.5 million of further payments, in aggregate, if certain development, regulatory and sales milestones are achieved, including $21.25 million associated with the first filing and approval of an NDA by the FDA.

Lucitanib

On November 19, 2013, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Ethical Oncology Science, S.p.A. (“EOS”) (now known as Clovis Oncology Italy S.r.l.) and gained rights to develop and commercialize lucitanib, an oral, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. As further described below, EOS licensed the worldwide rights, excluding China, to develop and commercialize lucitanib from Advenchen Laboratories LLC (“Advenchen”). Subsequently, rights to develop and commercialize lucitanib in markets outside the U.S. and Japan were sublicensed by EOS to Servier in exchange for upfront milestone fees, royalties on sales of lucitanib in the sublicensed territories and research and development funding commitments.

In October 2008, EOS entered into an exclusive license agreement with Advenchen to develop and commercialize lucitanib on a global basis, excluding China. The Company is obligated to pay Advenchen royalties on net sales of lucitanib, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay to Advenchen 25% of any consideration, excluding royalties, received pursuant to any sublicense agreements for lucitanib, including the agreement with Servier. In the first quarter of 2014, the Company recognized acquired in-process research and development expense of $3.4 million, which represents 25% of the sublicense agreement consideration of $13.6 million received from Servier upon the end of opposition and appeal of the lucitanib patent by the European Patent Office.

In September 2012, EOS entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Servier whereby EOS sublicensed to Servier exclusive rights to develop and commercialize lucitanib in all countries outside of the U.S., Japan and China. In exchange for these rights, EOS received an upfront payment of €45.0 million. We are entitled to receive additional payments upon achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial milestones up to an additional €90.0 million in the aggregate. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive sales milestone payments if specified annual sales targets for lucitanib are met, which, in the aggregate, could total €250.0 million. The Company is also entitled to receive royalties on net sales of lucitanib by Servier.

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The Company and Servier are developing lucitanib pursuant to a development plan agreed to between the parties. Servier is responsible for the initial €80.0 million in global development costs under the agreed upon plan. Cumulative global development costs in excess of €80.0 million, if any, will be shared equally between the Company and Servier. Based on current estimates, we expect that Servier’s €80.0 million funding commitment will be fulfilled in early 2017, and thereafter, we will share with Servier in future development costs pursuant to a mutually agreed upon global development plan. During the second quarter of 2016, the Company and Servier agreed to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer. The Company and Servier are continuing to evaluate what, if any, further development of lucitanib will be pursued.

Rociletinib

In May 2010, we entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement with Avila Therapeutics, Inc. (now Celgene Avilomics Research, Inc., part of Celgene Corporation (“Celgene”)) to discover, develop and commercialize a covalent inhibitor of mutant forms of the EGFR gene product. Rociletinib was identified as the lead inhibitor candidate under the license agreement. We are responsible for all non-clinical, clinical, regulatory and other activities necessary to develop and commercialize rociletinib.

We made an upfront payment of $2.0 million upon execution of the license agreement, a $4.0 million milestone payment in the first quarter of 2012 upon acceptance by the FDA of our Investigational New Drug application for rociletinib and a $5.0 million milestone payment in the first quarter of 2014 upon the initiation of the Phase II study for rociletinib. In the third quarter of 2015, we made milestone payments totaling $12.0 million upon acceptance of the NDA and MAA for rociletinib by the FDA and EMA, respectively. We recognized all payments as acquired in-process research and development expense.

We are obligated to pay royalties on net sales of rociletinib based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. The Company is required to pay up to an additional aggregate of $98.0 million in development and regulatory milestone payments if certain clinical study objectives and regulatory filings, acceptances and approvals are achieved. In addition, the Company is required to pay up to an aggregate of $120.0 million in sales milestone payments if certain annual sales targets are achieved.

Financial Operations Overview

Revenue

To date, we have generated $13.6 million in license and milestone revenue related to our collaboration and license agreement with Servier. In the future, we may generate revenue from the sales of product candidates that are under development by the Company, as well as from milestone payments or royalties pursuant to our sublicense agreement with Servier. If we fail to successfully complete the regulatory review and development of our product candidates and, together with our partners, companion diagnostics or obtain regulatory approval for them, our ability to generate future revenue and our results of operations and financial position will be adversely affected.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for the development of our product candidates and companion diagnostics, which include:

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Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. License fees and milestone payments related to in-licensed products and technology are expensed if it is determined that they have no alternative future use. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials and manufacturing of clinical supply, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors.

Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later stage clinical trials. We expect research and development expenses in 2016 to increase over 2015.

The following table identifies research and development and acquired in-process research and development costs on a program-specific basis for our products under development. Personnel-related costs, depreciation and share-based compensation are not allocated to specific programs, as they are deployed across multiple projects under development and, as such, are separately classified as personnel and other expenses in the table below.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive, finance, legal, investor relations, human resources and information technology functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facilities expenses, communication expenses, information technology costs, corporate insurance and professional fees for legal, consulting and accounting services.

Effective May 9, 2016, at Mr. Mahaffy’s request, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved his waiver of any annual base salary in excess of $1.00, plus the cost of the employee portion of any premiums to be paid pursuant to any health and welfare benefit plans maintained by the Company and any tax withholdings related to health and welfare benefits. Such waiver shall continue in effect until the earliest to occur of (i) the Company entering into a definitive agreement with respect to a transaction that if consummated would constitute a Change in Control (as defined in his Employment Agreement) or the public announcement of a proposal or transaction that if consummated would constitute a Change of Control, (ii) approval by the FDA to commercially distribute, sell or market rucaparib, and (iii) termination of his employment by the Company without Just Cause or by Mr. Mahaffy for Good Reason (each as defined in his Employment Agreement).

Acquired In-Process Research and Development Expenses

Acquired in-process research and development expenses consist of upfront payments to acquire a new drug compound, as well as subsequent milestone payments. Acquired in-process research and development payments are immediately expensed provided that the drug has not achieved regulatory approval for marketing and, absent obtaining such, approval, has no alternative future use.

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Impairment of Intangible Asset

In connection with the acquisition of EOS, we recorded intangible assets to reflect the fair value of acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) as of the acquisition date. The fair value was established based upon discounted cash flow models using assumptions related to the timing of development, probability of development and regulatory success, sales and commercialization factors and estimated product life. During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a $104.5 million impairment charge due to the Company’s and its development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer. At June 30, 2016, the IPR&D intangible asset recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was zero.

The IPR&D intangible assets are treated as indefinite-lived intangible assets and are not amortized. IPR&D intangible assets are evaluated for impairment at least annually or more frequently if impairment indicators exist and any reduction in fair value is recorded as impairment of intangible asset on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Purchase Consideration

In connection with the acquisition of EOS, we also recorded a purchase consideration liability equal to the estimated fair value of future payments that are contingent upon the achievement of various regulatory and sales milestones. Subsequent to the acquisition date, we re-measure contingent consideration arrangements at fair value each reporting period and record changes in fair value to change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration and foreign currency gains (losses) for changes in the foreign currency translation rate on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in fair value are primarily attributed to new information about the likelihood of achieving such milestones and the passage of time. In the absence of new information, changes to fair value reflect only the passage of time as we progress towards the achievement of future milestones. During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a $25.5 million reduction in the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liability due to the Company’s and its development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer. At June 30, 2016, the contingent purchase consideration liability recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was zero due to the uncertainty of achieving any of the lucitanib regulatory milestones.

Other Income and Expense

Other income and expense is primarily comprised of foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions with contract research organizations, investigational sites and contract manufacturers where payments are made in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In addition, a significant portion of the contingent purchase consideration liability will be settled in Euro-denominated payments if certain future milestones are achieved and is subject to fluctuations in foreign currency rates. Other expense also includes interest expense recognized related to the Company’s convertible senior notes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and revenue and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to contingent purchase consideration, the allocation of purchase consideration, intangible asset impairment, clinical trial accruals and share-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

For a description of our critical accounting policies, please see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. There have not been any material changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2015.

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Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ASU No. 2016-09 requires all income tax effects of awards to be recognized in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The guidance also requires the presentation of excess tax benefits as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows rather than as a financing activity. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. Amendments related to the timing of when excess tax benefits are recognized should be applied using a modified retrospective transition method. An entity may elect to apply the amendments related to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows using either a prospective transition method or a retrospective transition method. The Company is currently evaluating its planned method of adoption and the impact the standard may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the three months ended June 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased during the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to increased development activities for the rucaparib program and higher salaries, share-based compensation and other personnel-related costs, partially offset by lower expenses related to the rociletinib program.

Clinical trial costs for rucaparib were $5.2 million higher than the same quarter in the prior year primarily due to higher enrollment in the ARIEL2 and ARIEL3 studies in ovarian cancer. Market research, disease education and other commercial product planning activities were $4.2 million higher than the same quarter in the prior year due to the preparation for the potential regulatory approval and commercial launch of rucaparib. In addition, clinical supply and related manufacturing development costs were $2.1 million higher than the second quarter of 2015, as we increased production to support the expanded clinical studies.

Salaries, share-based compensation expense and other personnel-related costs were $9.3 million higher in the second quarter of 2016 driven by increased headcount to support our expanded development and commercial planning activities. During the third quarter of 2015, we completed the hiring of our U.S. sales and marketing and medical affairs organizations in preparation for the potential regulatory approval and commercial launch of rucaparib.

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Clinical trial costs for rociletinib were $9.8 million lower than the second quarter in 2015 primarily due to the completion of patient enrollment for the TIGER-1, TIGER-2 and TIGER-X studies in non-small cell lung cancer. This decrease was partially offset by higher clinical trial costs for the TIGER-3 study, which began enrolling patients during the second quarter of 2015. Market research, disease education and other commercial product planning activities were $3.7 million lower than the same quarter in the prior year. The Company incurred higher costs during the second quarter of 2015 due to the preparation for the potential regulatory approval and commercial launch of rociletinib. In addition, clinical supply and related manufacturing development costs were $1.2 million lower than the second quarter in 2015 driven by timing of production to support our clinical studies.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased during the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to $1.7 million higher legal expense and $0.3 million higher personnel costs.

Impairment of Intangible Asset. During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a $104.5 million impairment charge to the IPR&D intangible asset relating to our lucitanib product candidate. This reduction in the estimated fair value of lucitanib was the result of the Company’s and its development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Purchase Consideration. Change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration totaled ($25.5) million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to $0.8 million for the same period in the prior year. During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recorded a $25.5 million reduction in the fair value of the contingent purchase consideration liability due to the Company’s and its development partner’s decision to discontinue the development of lucitanib for breast cancer.

Other Income (Expense), net. Other expense decreased during the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the same period in the prior year. During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recognized $0.2 million of foreign currency gains compared with $1.1 million of foreign currency losses during the same period in 2015. The change in the foreign currency gains and losses was driven by fluctuations in the foreign currency rate utilized to translate our Euro-denominated contingent purchase consideration liability into U.S. dollars.

Income Tax Benefit (Expense). During the second quarter of 2016, the Company recognized a $29.2 million deferred tax benefit associated with the impairment of the IPR&D intangible asset.

Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

The following table summarizes the results of our operations for the six months ended June 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):