Clovis Oncology, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2021 September (Form 10-Q)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. |
| |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021. | |
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☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. |
For the transition period from to .
Commission file number: 001-35347
Clovis Oncology, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 90-0475355 |
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
5500 Flatiron Parkway, Suite 100 | |
Boulder, Colorado | 80301 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
(303) 625-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act
Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common Stock par Value $0.001 per share | CLVS | The NASDAQ Global Select Market |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ◻
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | ⌧ |
| Accelerated filer | ◻ |
Non-accelerated filer | ◻ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | |
Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of October 29, 2021 was 129,979,097.
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
` | Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||||||||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | (in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||
Revenues: |
|
|
| ||||||||||
$ | 37,916 | $ | 38,772 | $ | 112,789 | $ | 121,223 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Cost of sales - product | 8,506 | 8,438 | 25,068 | 26,654 | |||||||||
Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization | 1,343 | 1,343 | 4,028 | 3,834 | |||||||||
Research and development |
|
| 46,222 |
| 62,902 |
| 144,786 |
|
| 201,000 | |||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
| 32,196 |
| 38,636 |
| 95,055 |
|
| 123,136 | |||
Acquired in-process research and development | 3,272 | — | 5,477 | — | |||||||||
Other operating expenses | 3,841 | — | 11,431 | 3,805 | |||||||||
Total expenses |
|
| 95,380 |
| 111,319 |
| 285,845 |
|
| 358,429 | |||
Operating loss |
|
| (57,464) |
| (72,547) |
| (173,056) |
|
| (237,206) | |||
Other income (expense): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Interest expense |
|
| (8,786) |
| (6,859) |
| (25,593) |
|
| (23,160) | |||
Foreign currency (loss) gain |
|
| (1,248) |
| 633 |
| (2,001) |
|
| (102) | |||
Loss on convertible senior notes conversion | — | — | — | (7,791) | |||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | — | — | (3,277) | |||||||||
Other income |
|
| 101 |
| 79 |
| 392 |
|
| 1,160 | |||
Other income (expense), net |
|
| (9,933) |
| (6,147) |
| (27,202) |
|
| (33,170) | |||
Loss before income taxes |
|
| (67,397) |
| (78,694) |
| (200,258) |
|
| (270,376) | |||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
|
| (13) |
| 18 |
| 125 |
|
| 122 | |||
Net loss |
| (67,410) | (78,676) | (200,133) |
| (270,254) | |||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |
| 415 |
|
| 254 |
| 349 |
|
| 212 |
| ||
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax |
| — |
|
| — |
| — |
|
| (6) |
| ||
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
| 415 |
|
| 254 |
| 349 |
|
| 206 |
| ||
Comprehensive loss | $ | (66,995) |
| $ | (78,422) | $ | (199,784) |
| $ | (270,048) |
| ||
Loss per basic and diluted common share: | |||||||||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per common share |
| (0.56) | (0.89) | (1.80) | (3.37) | ||||||||
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |
|
| 121,217 |
| 88,255 | 111,377 |
| 80,153 |
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
3
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except for share amounts)
September 30, | |||||||
2021 | December 31, | ||||||
|
| (Unaudited) |
| 2020 |
| ||
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 171,949 |
| $ | 240,229 |
| |
Accounts receivable, net | 25,777 | 26,511 | |||||
Inventories, net | 17,277 | 30,714 | |||||
Prepaid research and development expenses |
| 2,491 |
|
| 4,245 |
| |
Other current assets |
| 13,172 |
|
| 9,130 |
| |
Total current assets |
| 230,666 |
|
| 310,829 |
| |
Inventories | 109,100 | 104,123 | |||||
Property and equipment, net |
| 7,161 |
|
| 12,085 |
| |
Right-of-use assets, net | 20,020 | 30,438 | |||||
Intangible assets, net |
| 61,714 |
|
| 65,743 |
| |
Goodwill |
| 63,074 |
|
| 63,074 |
| |
Other assets |
| 16,262 |
|
| 19,262 |
| |
Total assets | $ | 507,997 |
| $ | 605,554 |
| |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Accounts payable | $ | 23,825 |
| $ | 26,692 |
| |
Accrued research and development expenses |
| 40,467 |
|
| 43,500 |
| |
Lease liabilities | 3,480 | 5,330 | |||||
Convertible senior notes |
| — |
|
| 64,198 |
| |
Other accrued expenses |
| 44,921 |
|
| 45,208 |
| |
Total current liabilities |
| 112,693 |
|
| 184,928 |
| |
Long-term lease liabilities - less current portion | 20,605 | 31,640 | |||||
Convertible senior notes - less current portion |
| 436,263 |
|
| 434,846 |
| |
Borrowings under financing agreement | 163,272 | 110,917 | |||||
Other long-term liabilities |
| 625 |
|
| 1,971 |
| |
Total liabilities |
| 733,458 |
|
| 764,302 |
| |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Stockholders' equity: |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 |
|
|
|
| |||
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 200,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively; 127,973,007 and 103,699,109 shares and at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively |
| 128 |
|
| 104 |
| |
Additional paid-in capital |
| 2,631,228 |
|
| 2,498,179 |
| |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
| (43,955) |
|
| (44,304) | ||
Accumulated deficit |
| (2,812,862) |
|
| (2,612,727) | ||
Total stockholders' deficit |
| (225,461) |
|
| (158,748) |
| |
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit | $ | 507,997 |
| $ | 605,554 |
|
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
4
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Accumulated |
|
|
|
| ||||||
Additional | Other | ||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | Paid-In | Comprehensive | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Capital | Income (Loss) | Deficit | Total | ||||||||||||
(in thousands, except for share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||
January 1, 2021 |
| 103,699,109 | $ | 104 | $ | 2,498,179 | $ | (44,304) | $ | (2,612,727) | $ | (158,748) | |||||
Exercise of stock options |
| 5,609 |
| — |
| 27 |
| — |
| — |
| 27 | |||||
Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | 853,239 | 1 | (1) | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| 4,039 |
| — |
| — |
| 4,039 | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (80) |
| — |
| (80) | |||||
Net loss |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (66,277) |
| (66,277) | |||||
March 31, 2021 |
| 104,557,957 | 105 | 2,502,244 | (44,384) | (2,679,004) | (221,039) | ||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
| 1,478 |
| — |
| 9 |
| — |
| — |
| 9 | |||||
Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | 193,936 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | 158,382 | — | 647 | — | — | 647 | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| 7,362 |
| — |
| — |
| 7,362 | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 14 |
| — |
| 14 | |||||
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | 13,492,231 | 13 | 72,459 | — | — | 72,472 | |||||||||||
Net loss |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (66,448) |
| (66,448) | |||||
June 30, 2021 |
| 118,403,984 | 118 | 2,582,721 | (44,370) | (2,745,452) | (206,983) | ||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — | |||||
Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | 189,047 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| 7,001 |
| — |
| — |
| 7,001 | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 415 |
| — |
| 415 | |||||
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | 9,379,976 | 9 | 41,506 | — | — | 41,515 | |||||||||||
Other financing costs | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Net loss |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (67,410) |
| (67,410) | |||||
September 30, 2021 |
| 127,973,007 | $ | 128 | $ | 2,631,228 | $ | (43,955) | $ | (2,812,862) | $ | (225,461) |
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Accumulated |
|
|
|
| ||||||
Additional | Other | ||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | Paid-In | Comprehensive | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Capital | Income (Loss) | Deficit | Total | ||||||||||||
(in thousands, except for share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||
January 1, 2020 |
| 54,956,341 | $ | 55 | $ | 2,114,068 | $ | (44,865) | $ | (2,243,515) | $ | (174,257) | |||||
Exercise of stock options |
| 759 |
| — |
| 2 |
| — |
| — |
| 2 | |||||
Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | 662,323 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| 12,961 |
| — |
| — |
| 12,961 | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (103) |
| — |
| (103) | |||||
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 78 |
| — |
| 78 | |||||
Convertible senior notes conversion | 17,877,164 | 18 | 133,640 | — | — | 133,658 | |||||||||||
Net loss |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (99,332) |
| (99,332) | |||||
March 31, 2020 |
| 73,496,587 | 73 | 2,260,671 | (44,890) | (2,342,847) | (126,993) | ||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
| 6,661 |
| — |
| (41) |
| — |
| — |
| (41) | |||||
Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | 113,461 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | 158,126 | — | 907 | — | — | 907 | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| 13,313 |
| — |
| — |
| 13,313 | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 61 |
| — |
| 61 | |||||
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (84) |
| — |
| (84) | |||||
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | 11,090,000 | 11 | 83,416 | — | — | 83,427 | |||||||||||
Convertible senior notes conversion | 3,331,870 | 4 | 24,278 | — | — | 24,282 | |||||||||||
Net loss |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (92,247) |
| (92,247) | |||||
June 30, 2020 |
| 88,196,705 | $ | 88 | $ | 2,382,544 | $ | (44,913) | $ | (2,435,094) | $ | (97,375) | |||||
Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | 112,362 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| 12,491 |
| — |
| — |
| 12,491 | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 254 |
| — |
| 254 | |||||
Other financing costs | — | — | (60) | — | — | (60) | |||||||||||
Net loss |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| (78,676) |
| (78,676) | |||||
September 30, 2020 |
| 88,309,067 | $ | 88 | $ | 2,394,975 | $ | (44,659) | $ | (2,513,770) | $ | (163,366) |
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
6
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Nine months ended September 30, |
| |||||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
|
| |||
| ||||||||
Operating activities |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Net loss |
| $ | (200,133) | $ | (270,254) |
| ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Share-based compensation expense |
|
| 18,402 |
| 38,765 |
| ||
Depreciation and amortization |
|
| 6,498 |
| 6,147 |
| ||
Amortization of premiums and discounts on available-for-sale securities |
|
| — |
| (174) |
| ||
Amortization of debt issuance costs |
|
| 1,876 |
| 2,068 |
| ||
Write-off of debt issuance costs related to convertible senior notes transactions | — | 4,344 | ||||||
Loss on convertible senior notes conversion | — | 7,791 | ||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | 3,277 | ||||||
Other | 1,300 | — | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Accounts receivable | 399 | 315 | ||||||
Inventory | 8,988 | 8,694 | ||||||
Prepaid and accrued research and development expenses |
|
| 164 |
| (8,270) |
| ||
Other operating assets and liabilities |
|
| (4,210) |
| 4,655 |
| ||
Accounts payable |
|
| (2,828) |
| (2,247) |
| ||
Other accrued expenses |
|
| 14,830 |
| 8,214 |
| ||
Net cash used in operating activities |
|
| (154,714) |
| (196,675) |
| ||
Investing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Purchases of property and equipment |
|
| (243) |
| (94) |
| ||
Purchases of available-for-sale securities |
|
| — |
| (9,962) |
| ||
Sales of available-for-sale securities | — | 144,644 | ||||||
Acquired in-process research and development - milestone payment | — | (8,000) | ||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
|
| (243) |
| 126,588 |
| ||
Financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of issuance costs | 113,988 | 246,668 | ||||||
Payment of convertible senior notes | (64,418) | (164,443) | ||||||
Proceeds from borrowings under financing agreement | 37,730 | 49,963 | ||||||
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchases |
|
| 683 |
| 868 |
| ||
Payments on finance leases | (780) | (1,092) | ||||||
Payments on other long-term liabilities | (213) | (156) | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
| 86,990 |
| 131,808 |
| ||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
|
| (313) |
| 1,148 |
| ||
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
|
| (68,280) |
| 62,869 |
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
|
| 240,229 |
| 161,833 |
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
| $ | 171,949 | $ | 224,702 |
| ||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Cash paid for interest |
| $ | 9,196 | $ | 10,200 |
| ||
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Vesting of restricted stock units |
| $ | 9,193 | $ | 6,885 |
|
See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
7
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Nature of Business
Clovis Oncology, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”, “Clovis”, “we”, “our”, “us”) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing innovative anti-cancer agents in the United States, Europe and additional international markets. We target our development programs for the treatment of specific subsets of cancer populations, and simultaneously develop, with partners, for those indications that require them, diagnostic tools intended to direct a compound in development to the population that is most likely to benefit from its use. We have and intend to continue to license or acquire rights to oncology compounds in all stages of development. In exchange for the right to develop and commercialize these compounds, we generally expect to provide the licensor with a combination of upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties on future sales. In addition, we generally expect to assume the responsibility for future drug development and commercialization costs. We currently operate in two segments. Since inception, our operations have consisted primarily of developing in-licensed compounds, evaluating new product acquisition candidates and general corporate activities and since 2016 we have also marketed and sold products.
Our marketed product Rubraca® (rucaparib), an oral small molecule inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (“PARP”), is marketed in the United States for two indications specific to recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer and also an indication specific to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”). The initial indication received approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in December 2016 and covers the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA (human genes associated with the repair of damaged DNA) mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. In April 2018, the FDA also approved Rubraca for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The approval in this second, broader and earlier-line indication on a priority review timeline was based on positive data from the phase 3 ARIEL3 clinical trial. Diagnostic testing is not required for patients to be prescribed Rubraca in this maintenance treatment indication.
In May 2020, the FDA approved Rubraca for the treatment of adult patients with mCRPC associated with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic) who have been treated previously with androgen receptor-directed therapy and a taxane-based chemotherapy and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. The FDA approved this indication under accelerated approval based on objective response rate and duration of response data from the TRITON2 clinical trial. We launched Rubraca for this indication in the U.S. following receipt of the approval. As an accelerated approval, continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. The TRITON3 clinical trial is expected to serve as the confirmatory study for Rubraca’s approval in mCRPC as well as a potential second-line label expansion. TRITON3 is a phase 3 study evaluating Rubraca versus physician’s choice of chemotherapy or second-line androgen deprivation therapy based on progression-free survival (“PFS”) in mCRPC patients with BRCA and ATM mutations. We anticipate the initial data readout from TRITON3 in the second quarter of 2022. The timing for the TRITON3 data readout is contingent upon the occurrence of the protocol-specified number of progression events.
In Europe, the European Commission granted a conditional marketing authorization in May 2018 for Rubraca as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with two or more prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, and who are unable to tolerate further platinum-based chemotherapy. In January 2019, the European Commission granted a variation to the marketing authorization to include the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. With this approval, Rubraca is now authorized in Europe for certain patients in the recurrent ovarian cancer maintenance setting regardless of their BRCA mutation status. Following successful reimbursement negotiations, Rubraca has been launched in each of Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands and Switzerland.
8
In December 2020, Rubraca met the primary study endpoint of significantly improving PFS versus chemotherapy in the ARIEL4 confirmatory study. An interim analysis of overall survival, a secondary endpoint in the study in which 51% of events had occurred in the intent-to-treat population, showed a trend toward an overall survival advantage in the chemotherapy arm, but was confounded by the high rate (64%) of per-protocol crossover to Rubraca following progression on chemotherapy. ARIEL4 study results were presented at a medical congress meeting in March 2021. ARIEL4 is a phase 3 multicenter, randomized study of Rubraca versus chemotherapy, which enrolled relapsed ovarian cancer patients with BRCA mutations (inclusive of germline and/or somatic) who had received two or more prior lines of chemotherapy. Completion of ARIEL4 is a post-marketing commitment in the U.S. and Europe.
Beyond our labeled indications, we have a clinical development program underway to further evaluate Rubraca in a variety of solid tumor types, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, including several studies as part of our ongoing clinical collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb Company (“Bristol Myers Squibb”) to evaluate its immunotherapy OPDIVO® (nivolumab) in combination with Rubraca. We anticipate initial data of Rubraca monotherapy versus placebo from our ATHENA study in the first quarter of 2022 based on event-based projections, with results of the separate analysis of Rubraca in combination with Opdivo anticipated in the second half of 2022 based on protocol-defined assumptions. However, the actual timing of ATHENA data readouts is dependent on the occurrence of the protocol-specified number of progression events. The three anticipated data readouts, ATHENA monotherapy, ATHENA combination and TRITON3 discussed above, provide the potential to obtain approvals that reach larger patient populations in earlier lines of therapy for ovarian and prostate cancers, in which Rubraca is currently approved in later-line indications. Following availability of top-line monotherapy results from ATHENA, we plan to file an sNDA and a variation to the European MAA, and we plan to file an sNDA soon after results from TRITON3 are available, assuming, in each case, that data support such steps.
We initiated the phase 2 LODESTAR study in December 2019 to evaluate Rubraca as monotherapy treatment in patients with recurrent solid tumors associated with a deleterious mutation in homologous recombination repair genes. Based on initial results from the ongoing study, we see encouraging evidence of activity in patients with a biallelic tumor mutation of BRCA or other target genes. Importantly, for BRCA-mutated breast and pancreatic and certain other tumors types, the majority of tumors have biallelic loss. Based on these early data, we continue to evaluate the potential development timeline and regulatory path.
We hold worldwide rights to Rubraca.
Pursuant to our license and collaboration agreement with 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH (“3BP”), entered into in September 2019, we have initiated development of a peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy (“PTRT”) and imaging agent targeting fibroblast-activating protein (“FAP”). PTRT uses cancer cell-targeting peptides to deliver radiation-emitting radionuclides specifically to tumors. We have completed sufficient preclinical work to support an investigational new drug application (“IND”) for the lead candidate under our license and collaboration agreement, designated internally as FAP-2286. Accordingly, we submitted two INDs for FAP-2286 for use as imaging and treatment agents in December 2020 to support an initial phase 1 study to determine the dose, schedule and tolerability of FAP-2286 as a therapeutic agent with expansion cohorts planned in multiple tumor types as part of a global development program. The FDA cleared the two INDs and we initiated the phase 1 LuMIERE clinical study in June 2021.
We hold U.S. and global rights to FAP-2286, excluding Europe (defined to include Russia, Turkey and Israel), where 3BP retains rights. We are also collaborating with 3BP on a discovery program directed to up to three additional, undisclosed targets for targeted radionuclide therapy, to which we would have global rights for any resulting product candidates. We expect to file an IND for a second candidate from this discovery program in the second half of 2022.
Lucitanib, our product candidate currently in clinical development, is an investigational, oral, potent angiogenesis inhibitor which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“VEGFR1-3”), platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (“PDGFR α/β”) and fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“FGFR1-3”). Lucitanib inhibits the same three pathways as Lenvima® (lenvatinib), which has received an FDA approval for use in certain populations of patients with endometrial cancer in combination with Keytruda® (pembrolizumab), a PD-1 inhibitor. This, together with preclinical data for lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor that demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity compared to that of single agents, represent a scientific rationale for development of lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor, and in February 2019, lucitanib was added to our clinical collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb.
9
We hold the global (excluding China) development and commercialization rights for lucitanib.
Basis of Presentation
All financial information presented includes the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The unaudited financial statements of Clovis Oncology, Inc. included herein reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented herein. Interim results may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in audited financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (“2020 Form 10-K”) for a broader discussion of our business and the opportunities and risks inherent in such business.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and revenue and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including estimates related to revenue deductions, intangible asset impairment, clinical trial accruals and share-based compensation expense. We base our estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.
Liquidity
We have incurred significant net losses since inception and have relied on our ability to fund our operations through debt and equity financings. We expect operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for the foreseeable future. As we continue to incur losses, transition to profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of revenue from Rubraca adequate to support our cost structure. We may never achieve profitability, and unless or until we do, we will continue to need to raise additional cash.
Based on current estimates, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and liquidity available under our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial, together with current estimates for revenues generated by sales of Rubraca, will allow us to fund our operating plan through at least the next 12 months.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standards-setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements. Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) are communicated through the issuance of an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).
In August 2020, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies an issuer’s accounting for debt and equity instruments. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. We plan to adopt this guidance on January 1, 2022. We will evaluate the impact this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as the adoption date approaches.
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Revenue Recognition
We are currently approved to sell Rubraca in the United States and Europe markets. We distribute our product principally through a limited number of specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers, collectively, our customers. Our customers subsequently sell our products to patients and health care providers. Separately, we have arrangements with certain payors and other third parties that provide for government-mandated and privately-negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts.
Product Revenue
Revenue from product sales are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is when customers obtain control of our product at a point in time, typically upon delivery. We expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that we would have recognized is one year or less.
Reserves for Variable Consideration
Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (transaction price), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and which result from price concessions that include rebates, chargebacks, discounts, co-pay assistance, estimated product returns and other allowances that are offered within contracts between us and our customers, health care providers, payors and other indirect customers relating to the sales of our product. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable or a current liability. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as our historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, we adjust these estimates, which would affect product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.
Government Rebates. Rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, the Medicare coverage gap program, the Tricare health program and various European National Health Service, Sick Fund and Clawback programs. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of products to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or legal requirements with the public-sector benefit providers. These reserves are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included in accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our rebate estimates are based upon a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for the estimated payor mix. The accrual for rebates is based on the expected utilization from historical data we have accumulated since the Rubraca product launch.
GPO and Payor Rebates. We contract with various private payor organizations and group purchasing organizations (“GPO”), primarily insurance companies, pharmacy benefit managers and hospitals, for the payment of rebates with respect to utilization of our products. We estimate these rebates and record such estimates in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability.
Chargebacks. Chargebacks are discounts that occur when contracted customers, which currently consist primarily of GPOs, Public Health Service (“PHS”) organizations and federal government entities purchasing via the Federal Supply Schedule, purchase directly from our specialty distributors at a discounted price. The specialty distributor, in turn, charges back the difference between the price initially paid by the specialty distributor and the discounted price paid to the specialty distributor by the healthcare provider. These reserves are established in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and accounts receivable. The accrual for specialty distributor chargebacks is estimated based on known chargeback rates and known sales to specialty distributors adjusted for the estimated utilization by healthcare providers.
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Discounts and Fees. Our payment terms are generally 30 days. Specialty distributors and specialty pharmacies are offered various forms of consideration, including service fees and prompt pay discounts for payment within a specified period. We expect these customers will earn prompt pay discounts and therefore, we deduct the full amount of these discounts and service fees from product sales when revenue is recognized.
Co-pay assistance. Patients who have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-pay assistance. The intent of this program is to reduce the patient’s out of pocket costs. Liabilities for co-pay assistance are based on actual program participation provided by third-party administrators at month end.
Returns. Consistent with industry practice, we generally offer customers a right of return limited only to product that will expire in six months or product that is six months beyond the expiration date. To date, we have had minimal product returns and we currently do not have an accrual for product returns. We will continue to assess our estimate for product returns based on additional historical experience.
Cost of Sales – Product
Product cost of sales consists primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs as well as freight and royalties owed to our licensing partners for Rubraca sales.
Cost of Sales – Intangible Asset Amortization
Cost of sales for intangible asset amortization consists of the amortization of capitalized milestone payments made to our licensing partners upon FDA approval of Rubraca. Milestone payments are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca.
Accounts Receivable
We provide an allowance for credit losses based on experience and specifically identified risks. Accounts receivable are charged off against the allowance when we determine that recovery is unlikely and we cease collection efforts.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. Inventories include active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”), contract manufacturing costs and overhead allocations. We begin capitalizing incurred inventory related costs upon regulatory approval. Prior to regulatory approval, incurred costs for the manufacture of the drugs that could potentially be available to support the commercial launch of our products are recognized as research and development expense.
We regularly analyze our inventory levels for excess quantities and obsolescence (expiration), considering factors such as historical and anticipated future sales compared to quantities on hand and the remaining shelf-life of Rubraca. Rubraca finished goods have a shelf-life of four years from the date of manufacture. We expect to sell the finished goods prior to expiration. The API currently has a shelf-life of four years from the date of manufacture but can be retested at an immaterial cost with no expected reduction in potency, thereby extending its shelf-life as needed. We expect to consume substantially all of the API over a period of approximately seven years based on our long-range sales projections of Rubraca.
We write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value and/or inventory in excess of expected sales requirements. Expired inventory would be disposed of and the related costs would be written off as cost of product revenue. Inventories that are not expected to be consumed within 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as long-term inventories. Long-term inventories primarily consist of API.
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API is currently produced by Lonza. As the API has undergone significant manufacturing specific to its intended purpose at the point it is purchased by us, we classify the API as work-in-process inventory. In addition, we currently manufacture Rubraca finished goods with a single third-party manufacturer. The disruption or termination of the supply of API or the disruption or termination of the manufacturing of our commercial products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. API that is written off due to damage and certain costs related to our production train at Lonza are included in Other Operating Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Inventory used in clinical trials is expensed as research and development expense when it has been identified for such use.
Segment Information
We have two operating and reportable segments, U.S. and ex-U.S., based on product revenue by geographic areas. We designated our reporting segments based on the internal reporting used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), which is our Chief Executive Officer, for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of our reportable segments. The CODM allocates resources and assesses the performance of each operating segment based on product revenue by geographic areas. Accordingly, we view our business as two reportable operating segments to evaluate performance, allocate resources, set operational targets and forecast our future period financial results.
We manage our assets on a company basis, not by segments, as many of our assets are shared or commingled. Our CODM does not regularly review asset information by reportable segment. The majority of long-lived assets for both segments are located in the United States.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and include, but are not limited to, salary and benefits, share-based compensation, clinical trial activities, drug development and manufacturing, companion diagnostic development and third-party service fees, including contract research organizations and investigative sites.
Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors on their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred and are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as prepaid or accrued research and development expenses.
Our other significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2020 Form 10-K.
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (at exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:
Level 1: | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Our Level 1 assets consist of money market investments. We do not have Level 1 liabilities. |
Level 2: | Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. We do not have Level 2 assets or liabilities. |
Level 3: | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. We do not have Level 3 assets or liabilities. |
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The following table identifies our assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
|
| Balance |
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Level 3 |
| ||||
September 30, 2021 |
| ||||||||||||
Assets: |
| ||||||||||||
Money market |
| $ | 112,932 | $ | 112,932 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||
Total assets at fair value |
| $ | 112,932 | $ | 112,932 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||
December 31, 2020 |
| ||||||||||||
Assets: |
| ||||||||||||
Money market |
| $ | 147,921 | $ | 147,921 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||
Total assets at fair value |
| $ | 147,921 | $ | 147,921 | $ | — | $ | — |
There were no liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021.
Financial instruments not recorded at fair value include our convertible senior notes. At September 30, 2021, the carrying amount of the 2024 Notes (2019 Issuance) was $84.3 million, which represents the aggregate principal amount net of remaining debt issuance costs, and the fair value was $77.0 million. At September 30, 2021, the carrying amount of the 2024 Notes (2020 Issuance) was $56.7 million, which represents the aggregate principal amount net of remaining debt issuance costs, and the fair value was $51.8 million. At September 30, 2021, the carrying amount of the 2025 Notes was $295.2 million, which represents the aggregate principal amount net of remaining debt issuance costs, and the fair value was $218.7 million. The fair value was determined using Level 2 inputs based on the indicative pricing published by certain investment banks or trading levels of the convertible senior notes, which are not listed on any securities exchange or quoted on an inter-dealer automated quotation system. See Note 9, Debt for discussion of the convertible senior notes. The carrying amounts of accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities.
4. Inventories
The following table presents inventories as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | |||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 | |||
Work-in-process |
| $ | 92,532 |
| $ | 102,507 |
Finished goods, net |
| 33,845 |
| 32,330 | ||
Total inventories |
| $ | 126,377 |
| $ | 134,837 |
At September 30, 2021, we had $17.3 million of current inventory and $109.1 million of long-term inventory.
5. Other Current Assets
Other current assets were comprised of the following (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||
Prepaid insurance |
| $ | 1,919 | $ | 782 | ||
Prepaid IT | 1,090 | 753 | |||||
Prepaid variable considerations | 470 | 1,191 | |||||
Prepaid expenses - other |
|
| 4,148 |
| 2,193 | ||
Value-added tax ("VAT") receivable | 3,185 | 2,202 | |||||
Receivable - other |
|
| 2,295 |
| 1,884 | ||
Other |
|
| 65 |
| 125 | ||
Total |
| $ | 13,172 | $ | 9,130 |
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6. Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible assets related to capitalized milestones under license agreements consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | |||||
2021 |
| 2020 | ||||
Intangible asset - milestones | $ | 79,850 | $ | 79,850 | ||
Accumulated amortization |
| (18,136) |
| (14,107) | ||
Total intangible asset, net | $ | 61,714 | $ | 65,743 |
The estimated useful lives of these intangible assets are based on the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca and extend through 2031 in Europe and 2035 in the U.S.
We recorded amortization expense of $1.3 million and $4.0 million related to capitalized milestone payments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. We recorded amortization expense of $1.3 million and $3.8 million related to capitalized milestone payments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Amortization expense is included in cost of sales – intangible asset amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Estimated future amortization expense associated with intangibles is expected to be as follows (in thousands):
2021 (remaining three months) | $ | 1,343 | ||||
2022 | 5,371 | |||||
2023 | 5,371 | |||||
2024 | 5,371 | |||||
2025 | 5,371 | |||||
Thereafter | 38,887 | |||||
$ | 61,714 |
7. Other Accrued Expenses
Other accrued expenses were comprised of the following (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| |||
Accrued personnel costs | $ | 15,718 | $ | 18,334 | |||
Accrued interest payable for convertible senior notes |
| 2,609 |
| 2,991 | |||
Income tax payable | 1,359 | 907 | |||||
Accrued corporate legal fees and professional services | 182 | 459 | |||||
Accrued royalties | 5,732 | 6,617 | |||||
Accrued variable considerations | 14,904 | 11,701 | |||||
Accrued expenses - other |
| 4,417 |
| 4,199 | |||
Total | $ | 44,921 | $ | 45,208 |
8. Leases
At the inception of an arrangement, we determine whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances. Most leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets, lease liabilities and, if applicable, long-term lease liabilities. We elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of one year or less. Lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As such, we utilize the appropriate incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term at an amount equal to the lease payments in a
15
similar economic environment. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received.
The components of a lease should be split into three categories: lease components (e.g. land, building, etc.), non-lease components (e.g. common area maintenance, maintenance, consumables, etc.) and non-components (e.g. property taxes, insurance, etc.). Then the fixed and in-substance fixed contract consideration (including any related to non-components) must be allocated based on fair values assigned to the lease components and non-lease components.
Our facilities operating leases have lease components, non-lease components and non-components, which we have separated because the non-lease components and non-components have variable lease payments and are excluded from the measurement of the lease liabilities. The lease component results in a right-of-use asset being recorded on the balance sheet and amortized as lease expense on a straight-line basis to the statements of operations.
We lease all of our office facilities in the U.S. and Europe. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
Prior to June 30, 2021, we had a finance lease and operating lease for certain equipment at the production train at Lonza, our non-exclusive manufacturer of the Rubraca API. Pursuant to the terms of Amendment 2 discussed in Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, we derecognized the lease components recognized under the original agreement with Lonza. This includes the operating lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, finance lease liabilities and ROU assets and leasehold improvement assets and liability. The derecognition of the lease components, payment of $1.1 million to Lonza and derecognition of fixed assets related to our Lonza production train resulted in a loss of $0.3 million, which is included in other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We also evaluated the prepaid manufacturing costs for impairment and determined that there was no impairment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
The components of lease expense and related cash flows were as follows (in thousands):
|
| Three months ended September 30, | Three months ended September 30, | |||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 | ||
Lease cost |
| |||||
Finance lease cost: | ||||||
Amortization of right-of-use assets |
| $ | — | $ | 474 | |
Interest on lease liabilities |
|
| — |
| 201 | |
Operating lease cost |
|
| 1,342 |
| 1,275 | |
Short-term lease cost |
|
| 81 |
| 88 | |
Variable lease cost | 476 | 503 | ||||
Total lease cost |
| $ | 1,899 | $ | 2,541 | |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | — | $ | 201 | ||
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 1,342 | $ | 1,275 | ||
Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | — | $ | 371 |
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|
| Nine months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 | ||
Lease cost |
| |||||
Finance lease cost: | ||||||
Amortization of right-of-use assets |
| $ | 947 | $ | 1,421 | |
Interest on lease liabilities |
|
| 363 |
| 624 | |
Operating lease cost |
|
| 3,875 |
| 3,400 | |
Short-term lease cost |
|
| 241 |
| 310 | |
Variable lease cost | 1,640 | 1,573 | ||||
Total lease cost |
| $ | 7,066 | $ | 7,328 | |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | 363 | $ | 624 | ||
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 3,875 | $ | 3,400 | ||
Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | 780 | $ | 1,092 |
The weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate were as follows:
|
| September 30, 2021 |
| September 30, 2020 | |||
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | |||||||
Operating leases |
| 6.1 | 6.8 | ||||
Finance leases | N/A | 5.3 | |||||
Weighted-average discount rate |
| ||||||
Operating leases |
| 8% | 8% | ||||
Finance leases | N/A | 8% |
Future minimum commitments due under these lease agreements as of September 30, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):
Operating Leases | |||||
2021 (remaining three months) |
|
| 1,415 |
| |
2022 |
|
| 5,226 |
| |
2023 |
|
| 4,671 |
| |
2024 | 4,667 | ||||
2025 | 4,823 | ||||
Thereafter |
|
| 9,898 |
| |
Present value adjustment | (6,615) | ||||
| $ | 24,085 |
9. Debt
The following is a summary of our convertible senior notes at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (principal amount in thousands):
Principal Amount | Principal Amount | Conversion rate per $1,000 | ||||||||||
September 30, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | Interest Rate | Maturity Date | principal amount (shares) | ||||||||
2021 Notes | $ | — | $ | 64,418 |
| 2.50% | September 15, 2021 | 16.1616 | ||||
2024 Notes (2019 Issuance) |
| 85,782 |
| 85,782 |
| 4.50% | August 1, 2024 | 137.2213 | ||||
2024 Notes (2020 Issuance) | 57,500 | 57,500 | 4.50% | August 1, 2024 | 160.3334 | |||||||
2025 Notes |
| 300,000 |
| 300,000 |
| 1.25% | May 1, 2025 | 13.1278 | ||||
Total | 443,282 | 507,700 | ||||||||||
Unamortized debt issuance costs | (7,019) | (8,656) | ||||||||||
Convertible senior notes | $ | 436,263 | $ | 499,044 |
Our convertible senior notes are governed by the terms of their respective indentures between the Company, as issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Holders may convert all or any portion of the senior notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date.
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Upon conversion, the holders will receive shares of our common stock at an initial conversion rate as noted above. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events described in the indentures.
If we undergo a fundamental change, as defined in the indenture, prior to the maturity date of the senior notes, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of the senior notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the senior notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
The senior notes rank senior in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the senior notes; equal in right of payment to all of our liabilities that are not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries.
The debt issuance costs are presented as a deduction from the convertible senior notes on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized as interest expense over the expected life of the convertible senior notes using the effective interest method.
On September 15, 2021, we paid off in full the $64.4 million in principal outstanding of our 2.50% convertible senior notes.
Sixth Street Financing Agreement
On May 1, 2019, we entered into a financing agreement (the “Financing Agreement”) with certain affiliates of Sixth Street Partners, LLC (“Sixth Street”) in which we plan to borrow from Sixth Street amounts required to reimburse our actual costs and expenses incurred during each fiscal quarter (limited to agreed budgeted amounts), as such expenses are incurred, related to the ATHENA clinical trial, in an aggregate amount of up to $175 million (the amount actually borrowed, the “Borrowed Amount”). ATHENA is our largest clinical trial, with a target enrollment of 1,000 patients across more than 270 sites in at least 25 countries. The Clovis-sponsored phase 3 ATHENA study in advanced ovarian cancer is in the first-line maintenance treatment setting evaluating Rubraca plus nivolumab (PD-1 inhibitor), Rubraca, nivolumab and a placebo in newly-diagnosed patients who have completed platinum-based chemotherapy. This study initiated in the second quarter of 2018 completed enrollment during the second quarter of 2020, and top-line data readouts from the ATHENA study are anticipated in 2022, contingent upon the occurrence of the protocol-specified progression-free survival events.
We incur borrowings under the Financing Agreement on a quarterly basis, beginning with such expenses incurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and ending generally on the earliest to occur of (i) the termination of the ATHENA Trial, (ii) the date of completion of all activities under the ATHENA Trial Clinical Study Protocol, (iii) the date on which we pay the Discharge Amount (as defined in the Financing Agreement), (iv) the date of the occurrence of a change of control of us (or a sale of all or substantially all of our assets related to Rubraca) or our receipt of notice of certain breaches by us of our obligations under material in-license agreements related to Rubraca and (v) September 30, 2022.
We are obligated to repay on a quarterly basis, 30 days after the end of the quarter, beginning on the earliest to occur of (i) the termination of the ATHENA Trial, (ii) the approval by the FDA of an update to the label portion of the Rubraca new drug application (“NDA”) to include in such label the treatment of an indication resulting from the ATHENA Trial, (iii) the date on which we determine that the results of the ATHENA Trial are insufficient to achieve such an expansion of the Rubraca label to cover an indication based on the ATHENA Trial and (iv) September 30, 2022 (the “Repayment Start Date”). We expect to make the first payment by October 30, 2022, unless one of the other events occurs prior to September 30, 2022.
● | 9.75% (which rate may be increased incrementally up to approximately 10.25% in the event the Borrowed Amount exceeds $166.5 million) of the direct Rubraca net sales recorded by us and our subsidiaries worldwide and our future out-licensees in the United States, if any, during such quarter; |
● | 19.5% of any royalty payments received by us and our subsidiaries during such quarter based on the sales of Rubraca by our future out-licensees outside the United States, if any; and |
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● | 19.5% of any other amounts received by us and our subsidiaries in connection with any other commercialization arrangement for Rubraca, including any upfront and milestone payments and proceeds of infringement claims (which payments are not subject to the caps described below). |
Quarterly payments are capped at $8.5 million, unless the label portion of the Rubraca NDA is expanded by the FDA to include on such label the treatment of an indication resulting from the ATHENA Trial, in which case the quarterly payment is capped at $13.5 million. In the event the aggregate Borrowed Amount exceeds $166.5 million, such quarterly limits will be incrementally increased to a maximum of approximately $8.94 million and $14.19 million, respectively. The maximum amount required to be repaid under the agreement is two times the aggregate Borrowed Amount, which may be $350 million in the event we borrow the full $175 million under the Financing Agreement. Quarterly payments are due within 30 days after each calendar quarter. Our first quarterly payment is estimated to be due on October 30, 2022, 30 days after the Repayment Start Date.
In the event we have not made payments on or before December 30, 2025 equal to at least the Borrowed Amount, we are required to make a lump sum payment in an amount equal to such Borrowed Amount less the aggregate of all prior quarterly payments described above. All other payments are contingent on the performance of Rubraca. There is no final maturity date on the Financing Agreement.
Our obligations under the Financing Agreement are secured under a Pledge and Security agreement by a first priority security interest in all of our assets related to Rubraca, including intellectual property rights and a pledge of the equity of our wholly owned subsidiaries, Clovis Oncology UK Limited and Clovis Oncology Ireland Limited. In addition, the obligations are guaranteed by Clovis Oncology UK Limited and Clovis Oncology Ireland Limited, secured by a first priority security interest in all the assets of those subsidiaries.
Pursuant to the Financing Agreement, we have agreed to certain limitations on our operations, including limitations on making certain restricted junior payments, including payment of dividends, limitation on liens and certain limitations on the ability of our non-guarantor subsidiaries to own certain assets related to Rubraca and to incur indebtedness.
We may terminate the Financing Agreement at any time by paying the lenders an amount (the “Discharge Amount”) equal to the sum of (a) (A) (i) if such date is prior to the Repayment Start Date, 1.75 times the Borrowed Amount or (ii) if such date is after the Repayment Start Date, 2.00 times the Borrowed Amount minus (B) the aggregate amount of all quarterly payments previously paid to the lenders plus (b) all other obligations which have accrued but which have not been paid under the loan documents, including expense reimbursement.
In the event of (i) a change of control of us, we must pay the Discharge Amount to the lenders and (ii) an event of default under the Financing Agreement (which includes, among other events, breaches or defaults under or terminations of our material in-license agreements related to Rubraca and defaults under our other material indebtedness), the lenders have the right to declare the Discharge Amount to be immediately due and payable.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we have recorded $163.3 million as a long-term liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and future quarterly draws will be recorded as a long-term liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In connection with the transaction, we incurred $1.8 million of debt issuance costs. The debt issuance costs are presented as a deduction from the Sixth Street financing liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized as interest expense over the expected life of the Financing Agreement using the straight-line method. As of September 30, 2021, the balance of unamortized debt issuance costs was $1.3 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we used an effective interest rate of 13.1%, which is based on the estimate of remaining cash flows. For subsequent periods, we will use the prospective method whereby a new effective interest rate is determined based on the revised estimate of remaining cash flows. The new rate is the discount rate that equates the present value of the revised estimate of remaining cash flows with the carrying amount of the debt, and it will be used to recognize interest expense for the remaining periods. Under this method, the effective interest rate is not constant, and any change in expected cash flows is recognized prospectively as an adjustment to the effective yield.
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The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
Interest on convertible notes | $ | 2,885 | $ | 3,024 | $ | 8,814 | $ | 9,018 | |||||
Amortization of debt issuance costs |
| 616 |
| 644 |
| 1,876 |
| 2,068 | |||||
Debt issuance cost derecognized related to convertible debt transactions | — | — | — | 4,344 | |||||||||
Interest on finance lease | — | 201 | 363 | 624 | |||||||||
Interest on borrowings under financing agreement | 5,285 | 2,962 | 14,488 | 7,017 | |||||||||
Other interest | — | 28 | 52 | 89 | |||||||||
Total interest expense | $ | 8,786 | $ | 6,859 | $ | 25,593 | $ | 23,160 |
10. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by our stockholders. Subject to the preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared by our Board of Directors.
On May 17, 2021, we entered into a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and BofA Securities, Inc., as agents (the “Agents”), pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions, including directly on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or into any other existing trading market for the Shares, or sales made to or through a market maker, in block transactions or by any other method permitted by law, including negotiated transactions. Sales may be made at market prices prevailing at the time of a sale or at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. During the period between May 18, 2021 and June 9, 2021, we sold an aggregate of 13,492,231 shares of our common stock under the Distribution Agreement resulting gross proceeds of $75.0 million and net proceeds to us of $72.5 million, after deducting commissions and offering expenses, effectively closing out sales we may make pursuant to the Distribution Agreement. We have used and intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including funding of our development programs, sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca, repayment, repurchase or refinance of our debt obligations, payment of milestones pursuant to our license agreements, general and administrative expenses, acquisition or licensing of additional product candidates or businesses and working capital.
On August 16, 2021, we entered into a distribution agreement (the “August Distribution Agreement”) with the Agents, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions, including directly on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or into any other existing trading market for the shares, or sales made to or through a market maker, in block transactions or by any other method permitted by law, including privately negotiated transactions. Sales may be made at market prices prevailing at the time of a sale or at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. During the period between August 17, 2021 and September 15, 2021, we sold an aggregate of 9,379,976 shares of our common stock under the August Distribution Agreement resulting in gross proceeds of $43.0 million and net proceeds to us of $41.5 million, after deducting commissions and offering expenses. We have used and intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including funding of our development programs, sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca, repayment, repurchase or refinance of our debt obligations, payment of milestones pursuant to our license agreements, general and administrative expenses, acquisition or licensing of additional product candidates or businesses and working capital.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of changes in foreign currency translation adjustments, which includes changes in a subsidiary’s functional currency, and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.
The changes in accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are summarized for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, as follows (in thousands):
| Foreign Currency | Unrealized | Total Accumulated |
| |||||||||||||||
| Translation Adjustments | Losses | Other Comprehensive Loss |
| |||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
Balance at July 1, | $ | (44,231) | $ | (44,774) | $ | (139) | $ | (139) | $ | (44,370) | $ | (44,913) | |||||||
Other comprehensive income | 415 | 254 | — | — | 415 | 254 | |||||||||||||
Total before tax | (43,816) | (44,520) | (139) | (139) | (43,955) | (44,659) | |||||||||||||
Tax effect |
| — | — |
| — | — |
| — | — | ||||||||||
Balance at September 30, | $ | (43,816) | $ | (44,520) | $ | (139) | $ | (139) | $ | (43,955) | $ | (44,659) |
The changes in accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are summarized for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, as follows (in thousands):
| Foreign Currency | Unrealized | Total Accumulated |
| |||||||||||||||
| Translation Adjustments | Losses | Other Comprehensive Loss |
| |||||||||||||||
2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, | $ | (44,165) | $ | (44,732) | $ | (139) | $ | (133) | $ | (44,304) | $ | (44,865) | |||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 349 | 212 | — | (6) | 349 | 206 | |||||||||||||
Total before tax | (43,816) | (44,520) | (139) | (139) | (43,955) | (44,659) | |||||||||||||
Tax effect |
| — | — |
| — | — |
| — | — | ||||||||||
Balance at September 30, | $ | (43,816) | $ | (44,520) | $ | (139) | $ | (139) | $ | (43,955) | $ | (44,659) |
There were no reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
11. Share-Based Compensation
Share-based compensation expense for all equity-based programs, including stock options, restricted stock units and the employee stock purchase plan, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||||||||||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
|
| ||||
Research and development |
| $ | 3,382 | $ | 6,284 |
| $ | 9,732 | $ | 19,845 |
| |||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
| 3,619 |
| 6,207 |
|
| 8,670 |
| 18,920 |
| |||
Total share-based compensation expense |
| $ | 7,001 | $ | 12,491 |
| $ | 18,402 | $ | 38,765 |
|
We did not recognize a tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, as we maintain net operating loss carryforwards and have established a valuation allowance against the entire net deferred tax asset as of September 30, 2021.
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Stock Options
The following table summarizes the activity relating to our options to purchase common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
|
|
|
| Weighted |
|
| |||||
Weighted | Average | Aggregate |
| ||||||||
Average | Remaining | Intrinsic |
| ||||||||
Number of | Exercise | Contractual | Value |
| |||||||
Options | Price | Term (Years) | (Thousands) |
| |||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 |
| 6,502,169 | $ | 37.78 |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Granted |
| 1,168,969 | 5.99 |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Exercised |
| (7,087) | 4.98 |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Forfeited |
| (475,089) | 34.73 |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Outstanding at September 30, 2021 |
| 7,188,962 | $ | 32.85 |
| 5.7 | $ | 72 |
| ||
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2021 |
| 7,018,539 | $ | 33.45 |
| 5.6 | $ | 70 |
| ||
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2021 |
| 5,408,602 | $ | 40.45 |
| 4.6 | $ | 31 |
|
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the pretax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $4.46 as of September 30, 2021, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders with in-the-money options exercised their options as of that date.
The following table summarizes information about our stock options as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||||
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share |
| $ | 4.09 |
| $ | 4.88 |
| $ | 4.75 |
| $ | 5.83 |
|
Intrinsic value of options exercised |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 15 |
| $ | 91 |
|
Cash received from stock option exercises |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 35 |
| $ | 74 |
|
As of September 30, 2021, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested options, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $11.4 million and the estimated weighted-average remaining vesting period was 1.5 years.
Restricted Stock
The following table summarizes the activity relating to our unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
|
|
|
| |||
Weighted |
| |||||
Average |
| |||||
Number of | Grant Date |
| ||||
Units | Fair Value |
| ||||
Unvested at December 31, 2020 |
| 2,964,297 | $ | 14.36 |
| |
Granted |
| 2,657,653 |
| 6.21 |
| |
Vested |
| (1,236,222) |
| 16.77 |
| |
Forfeited |
| (424,079) |
| 8.64 |
| |
Unvested at September 30, 2021 |
| 3,961,649 | $ | 8.75 |
| |
Expected to vest after September 30, 2021 |
| 3,467,733 | $ | 8.94 |
|
As of September 30, 2021, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $30.6 million and the estimated weighted-average remaining vesting period was 2.1 years.
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12. License Agreements
Rucaparib
In June 2011, we entered into a license agreement with Pfizer, Inc. (“Pfizer”) to obtain the exclusive global rights to develop and commercialize Rubraca. The exclusive rights are exclusive even as to Pfizer and include the right to grant sublicenses. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, we made a $7.0 million upfront payment to Pfizer and are required to make additional payments to Pfizer for the achievement of certain development and regulatory and sales milestones and royalties on sales as required by the license agreement. Prior to the FDA approval of Rubraca, we made milestone payments of $1.4 million, which were recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense.
During 2016 through 2020, we paid Pfizer a total of $82.5 million in milestone payments related to FDA and European Commission approvals received for Rubraca. These milestone payments were recognized as intangible assets and are amortized over the estimated remaining useful life of Rubraca.
We are obligated under the license agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize Rubraca and we are responsible for all ongoing development and commercialization costs for Rubraca. We are required to make regulatory milestone payments to Pfizer of up to an additional $8.0 million in aggregate if specified clinical study objectives and regulatory filings, acceptances and approvals are achieved. In addition, we are obligated to make sales milestone payments to Pfizer if specified annual sales targets for Rubraca are met, which relate to annual sales targets of $250.0 million and above, which, in the aggregate, could amount to total milestone payments of $170.0 million, and tiered royalty payments at a mid-teen percentage rate on net sales, with standard provisions for royalty offsets to the extent we need to obtain any rights from third parties to commercialize Rubraca.
The license agreement with Pfizer will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty and sublicense revenue obligations to Pfizer, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the license agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Pfizer can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to Rubraca and an obligation to assign or license to Pfizer any intellectual property rights or other rights we may have in Rubraca, including our regulatory filings, regulatory approvals, patents and trademarks for Rubraca.
In April 2012, we entered into a license agreement with AstraZeneca to acquire exclusive rights associated with Rubraca under a family of patents and patent applications that claim methods of treating patients with PARP inhibitors in certain indications. The license enables the development and commercialization of Rubraca for the uses claimed by these patents. AstraZeneca also receives royalties on net sales of Rubraca.
FAP-2286 and the Radionuclide Therapy Development Program
In September 2019, we entered into a global license and collaboration agreement with 3BP to develop and commercialize a PTRT and imaging agent targeting FAP. The lead candidate, designated internally as FAP-2286, is being developed pursuant to a global development plan agreed to by the parties. We are responsible for the costs of all preclinical and clinical development activities described in the plan, including the costs for a limited number of 3BP full-time equivalents and external costs incurred during the preclinical development phase of the collaboration. Upon the signing of the license and collaboration agreement in September 2019, we made a $9.4 million upfront payment to 3BP, which we recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense.
Pursuant to the terms of the FAP agreement, we are required to make additional payments to 3BP for annual technology access fees and upon the achievement of certain development and regulatory milestone events (or on certain dates, whichever occur earlier). We are also obligated to pay 3BP single- to low-double-digit royalties on net sales of the FAP-targeted therapeutic product and imaging agent, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, 3BP is entitled to receive 34% of any consideration, excluding royalties on the therapeutic product, pursuant to any sublicenses we may grant.
We are obligated under the license and collaboration agreement to use diligent efforts to develop FAP-2286 and commercialize a FAP-targeted therapeutic product and imaging agent, and we are responsible for all commercialization costs in our territory. The agreement with 3BP will remain in effect until the expiration of our royalty obligations to
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3BP, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, 3BP can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights. 3BP also has the right to terminate the agreement under certain circumstances in connection with our change of control in which the acquiring party retains a product competitive with the FAP-targeted therapeutic product or, in the event marketing authorization has not yet been obtained, does not agree to the then-current global development plan.
We submitted two INDs for FAP-2286 for use as imaging and treatment agents in December 2020 to support an initial phase 1 study to determine the dose and tolerability of FAP-2286 as a therapeutic agent with expansion cohorts planned in multiple tumor types as part of a global development program. In April 2021, we made a milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement of $2.2 million as a result of the FDA’s acceptance of the IND for the treatment agent. In September 2021, we made a $3.3 million milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement.
In February 2020, we finalized the terms of a drug discovery collaboration agreement with 3BP to identify up to three additional, undisclosed targets for peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy, to which we will obtain global rights for any resulting product candidates. We are responsible for the costs of all preclinical and clinical development activities conducted under the discovery program, including the costs for a limited number of 3BP full-time equivalents and external costs incurred during the discovery and preclinical development phase for each collaboration target. The discovery collaboration agreement was effective December 31, 2019, for which we incurred a $2.1 million technology access fee, which we accrued and recognized as a research and development expense.
Pursuant to the terms of the discovery collaboration agreement, we are required to make additional payments to 3BP for annual technology access fees and upon the achievement of certain development and regulatory milestone events (or on certain dates, whichever occur earlier). We are also obligated to pay 3BP a 6% royalty on net sales of License Products (as defined in the agreement), based on the volume of quarterly net sales achieved.
We are obligated under the discovery collaboration agreement to use diligent efforts to develop and commercialize the product candidates, if any, that result from the discovery program, and we are responsible for all clinical development and commercialization costs. The agreement with 3BP will remain in effect until the expiration of our royalty obligations to 3BP, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, 3BP can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights.
Lucitanib
On November 19, 2013, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of EOS pursuant to the terms set forth in that certain Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2013 (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, EOS, its shareholders (the “Sellers”) and Sofinnova Capital V FCPR, acting in its capacity as the Sellers’ representative. Following the acquisition, EOS became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, in addition to the initial purchase price paid at the time of the closing of the acquisition and other license fees due to Advenchen described below, we will also be obligated to pay to the Sellers a milestone payment of $65.0 million upon obtaining the first NDA approval from the FDA with respect to lucitanib.
In October 2008, Ethical Oncology Science, S.p.A. (“EOS”) (now known as Clovis Oncology Italy Srl) entered into an exclusive license agreement with Advenchen Laboratories LLC (“Advenchen”) to develop and commercialize lucitanib on a global basis, excluding China.
We are obligated to pay Advenchen tiered royalties at percentage rates in the mid-single digits on net sales of lucitanib, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, after giving effect to the first and second amendments to the license agreement, we are required to pay to Advenchen 25% of any consideration, excluding royalties, we receive from sublicensees, in lieu of the milestone obligations set forth in the agreement. We are obligated under the agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize at least one product containing lucitanib, and we are also responsible for all remaining development and commercialization costs for lucitanib.
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The license agreement with Advenchen will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty obligations to Advenchen, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Advenchen can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to lucitanib.
13. Net Loss Per Common Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding using the treasury-stock method for the stock options and RSUs and the if-converted method for the convertible senior notes. As a result of our net losses for the periods presented, all potentially dilutive common share equivalents were considered anti-dilutive and were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share.
The shares outstanding at the end of the respective periods presented in the table below were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share due to their anti-dilutive effect (in thousands):
Three and nine months ended September 30, | |||||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
|
Common shares under stock incentive plans |
| 4,070 |
| 3,570 | |
Convertible senior notes | 24,928 | 25,648 | |||
Total potential dilutive shares |
| 28,998 |
| 29,218 |
14. Commitments and Contingencies
Royalty and License Fee Commitments
We have entered into certain license agreements, as identified in Note 12, License Agreements, with third parties that include the payment of development and regulatory milestones, as well as royalty payments, upon the achievement of pre-established development, regulatory and commercial targets. Our payment obligation related to these license agreements is contingent upon the successful development, regulatory approval and commercialization of the licensed products. Due to the nature of these arrangements, the future potential payments are inherently uncertain, and accordingly, we only recognize payment obligations which are probable and estimable as of the balance sheet date.
Manufacture and Services Agreement Commitments
On October 3, 2016, we entered into a Manufacturing and Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) with a non-exclusive third-party supplier for the production of the active ingredient for Rubraca. Under the terms of the Agreement, we will provide the third-party supplier a rolling forecast for the supply of the active ingredient in Rubraca that will be updated by us on a quarterly basis. We are obligated to order material sufficient to satisfy an initial quantity specified in a forecast. In addition, the third-party supplier has constructed, in its existing facility, a production train that will manufacture the Rubraca active ingredient. We made scheduled capital program fee payments toward capital equipment and other costs associated with the construction of the production train. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2018, once the facility was operational, we were obligated to pay a fixed facility fee each quarter for the duration of the Agreement, which expires on December 31, 2025, unless extended by mutual consent of the parties. As of September 30, 2021, $45.6 million of purchase commitments remain under the Agreement.
At the time we entered into the Agreement, we evaluated the Agreement as a whole and bifurcated into lease and non-lease components, which consisted of an operating lease of warehouse space, financial lease of equipment, purchase of leasehold improvements and prepaid manufacturing costs based upon the relative fair values of each of the deliverables. During October 2018, the production train was placed into service and we recorded the various components of the Agreement.
On June 16, 2021, we entered into amendment no. 2 of the Agreement with Lonza (“Amendment 2”). Pursuant to the terms of Amendment 2, we are paying Lonza $1.1 million to repurpose the production train so that Lonza will be able to use the facility to manufacture other products for third parties in addition to API for Clovis. Lonza is
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guaranteeing a minimum percentage usage of this production train for third parties and Lonza would reduce our fixed facility fee starting in 2023 based on this minimum percentage usage. If Lonza is able to utilize greater than the minimum guaranteed percentage, it will increase the reduction to our fixed facility fee. We evaluated Amendment 2 and determined that we no longer have a lease with Lonza at June 30, 2021 because Amendment 2 modified the terms of the Agreement in that Lonza will use a portion of the production train for third parties. The Agreement no longer conveys the right to direct the use of the identified asset and Clovis no longer has the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefit from the asset. As a result, the arrangement is no longer in scope of ASC 842, “Leases”, resulting in the derecognition of the lease components recognized under the original agreement. This includes the operating lease liabilities and ROU assets, finance lease liabilities and ROU assets and leasehold improvement assets and liability. The derecognition of the lease components, payment of $1.1 million to Lonza and derecognition of fixed assets related to our Lonza production train resulted in a loss of $0.3 million, which is included in other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We also evaluated the prepaid manufacturing costs for impairment and determined that there was no impairment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Legal Proceedings
We and certain of our officers were named as defendants in several lawsuits, as described below. We cannot reasonably predict the outcome of these legal proceedings, nor can we estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, if any, that may result. An adverse outcome in these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
Rociletinib-Related Litigation
In March 2017, two putative shareholders of the Company, Macalinao and McKenry (“ Plaintiffs”), filed shareholder derivative complaints against certain directors and officers of the Company in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. On May 4, 2017, the Macalinao and McKenry actions were consolidated for all purposes in a single proceeding under the caption In re Clovis Oncology, Inc. Derivative Litigation, Case No. 2017-0222 (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”).
On May 18, 2017, Plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Verified Shareholder Derivative Complaint (the “Consolidated Derivative Complaint”). The Consolidated Derivative Complaint generally alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties owed to the Company by allegedly causing or allowing misrepresentations of the Company’s business operations and prospects, failing to ensure that the TIGER-X clinical trial for rociletinib was being conducted in accordance with applicable rules, regulations and protocols, and engaging in insider trading. The Consolidated Derivative Complaint sought, among other things, an award of money damages.
On July 31, 2017, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Consolidated Derivative Complaint. Plaintiffs filed an opposition to the motion to dismiss on August 31, 2017, and the defendants filed a reply in further support of the motion to dismiss on September 26, 2017.
While the motion to dismiss remained pending, on November 19, 2018, Plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file a supplemental consolidated complaint, and on November 20, 2018, the Court granted that motion. On November 27, 2018, Plaintiffs filed their supplemental complaint (the “Supplemental Derivative Complaint”), which adds allegations concerning the Company’s, Mr. Mahaffy’s and Mr. Mast’s settlements with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Pursuant to a briefing schedule entered by the Court, the defendants filed a supplemental motion to dismiss the Supplemental Derivative Complaint on February 6, 2019; Plaintiffs filed an opposition brief on February 22, 2019; and the defendants filed a reply brief on March 5, 2019. The Court held oral arguments on the defendants’ motions to dismiss on June 19, 2019. At the oral arguments, the Court ordered the parties to submit supplemental letter briefs on the motion to dismiss.
On October 1, 2019, Vice Chancellor Joseph R. Slights III of the Delaware Chancery Court, issued a Memorandum Opinion granting in part and denying in part defendants’ motions to dismiss. The Supplemental Derivative Complaint was dismissed as to Plaintiffs’ derivative claims for unjust enrichment and insider trading. The Court allowed Plaintiffs’ remaining derivative claim for breach of fiduciary duty to proceed. Defendants filed an answer to the Supplemental Derivative Complaint on December 27, 2019.
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On December 17, 2019, the parties participated in a mediation, which did not result in a settlement. On December 22, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors formed a Special Litigation Committee (the “SLC”) to conduct an investigation of the claims asserted in the Supplemental Derivative Complaint. On February 18, 2020, the SLC moved to stay all proceedings in the Consolidated Derivative Action pending completion of its investigation. Plaintiffs filed their opposition to the motion to stay on March 3, 2020 and the SLC filed its reply on March 13, 2020. On May 12, 2020, after hearing oral argument, Vice Chancellor Slights granted the SLC’s motion to stay proceedings until September 18, 2020 so that the SLC may complete its investigation. On September 11, 2020, Vice Chancellor Slights granted the parties’ request to extend the stay until October 31, 2020, to allow the SLC further time to complete its investigation. On October 26, 2020, Vice Chancellor Slights granted the parties’ request to further extend the stay until November 15, 2020. On November 13, 2020, Vice Chancellor Slights granted the parties’ request to further extend the stay until December 15, 2020.
On December 16, 2020, the SLC filed a report (the “SLC Report”) containing the findings of its investigation. The SLC Report concludes that the claims asserted in the Consolidated Derivative Action lack merit. Specifically, the SLC Report finds that the defendants did not breach their fiduciary duties in connection with the Company’s TIGER-X clinical trial. Accordingly, on the same date that the SLC Report was filed, the SLC filed a motion to terminate the Consolidated Derivative Action in Delaware Chancery Court. A briefing schedule on the motion to terminate has not yet been set.
On March 26, 2021, in response to discovery requests from Plaintiffs, the SLC filed a motion for a protective order seeking to preclude discovery into the merits of the claims investigated by the SLC. On March 29, 2021, the Company joined the SLC’s motion for a protective order. Pursuant to a scheduling stipulation entered by the Court on April 5, 2021, Plaintiffs filed an opposition to the motion for a protective order on April 16, 2021, and the SLC filed its reply on April 30, 2021. On August 10, 2021, Vice Chancellor Slights granted the parties’ request to cancel oral argument on the SLC’s motion for a protective order, pursuant to the parties’ representation that they had reached an agreement on that motion.
While the motion to terminate the action remains pending before Vice Chancellor Slights, the Company does not believe this litigation will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.
European Patent Opposition
Two European patents in the rucaparib camsylate salt/polymorph patent family (European Patent 2534153 and its divisional European Patent 3150610) were opposed. In particular, opposition notices against European Patent 2534153 were filed by two parties on June 20, 2017. During an oral hearing that took place on December 4, 2018, the European Patent Office’s Opposition Division maintained European Patent 2534153 in amended and narrowed form with claims to certain crystalline forms of rucaparib camsylate, including, but not limited to, rucaparib S-camsylate Form A, the crystalline form in Rubraca. Clovis and one opponent, Hexal AG, appealed the written decision of the European Opposition Division and filed reply appeal briefs in early November 2019. An opposition against European Patent 3150610 was filed by Generics (UK) Limited on April 30, 2020 on grounds similar to those raised in the opposition notices against European Patent 2534153, which grounds are common in such proceedings. Moreover, these grounds of opposition, as well as documents based on which lack of patentability has been alleged, were considered by the European Patent Office during the examination stage, and the claims were deemed to comply with the applicable law when granting the patent. Clovis responded to the opposition notice in European Patent 3150610 on January 8, 2021, amending the claims to be directed to the use of rucaparib maleate in a method of inhibiting PARP activity or treating cancer. A preliminary opinion and summons to oral proceedings were issued on January 26, 2021. The oral hearing is scheduled for November 18, 2021. The preliminary opinion provides a non-binding indication of the Opposition Division’s initial view based on the documents that have thus far been submitted, which agrees with our positions on a number of grounds of opposition and agrees with an objection made by the opponent, but only with respect to some of the claims. As part of the opposition proceedings, we have the opportunity to submit further arguments and pursue alternative claims in the form of auxiliary requests. While the ultimate results of patent challenges can be difficult to predict, it is our view that a number of factors support patentability, and we believe a successful challenge of all claims would be difficult.
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15. Segment Information
The following table presents information about our reportable segments for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
|
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. |
| Ex-U.S. |
| Total |
| U.S. |
| Ex-U.S. |
| Total |
| |||||||
$ | 28,699 | $ | 9,217 | $ | 37,916 | $ | 33,824 | $ | 4,948 | $ | 38,772 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Cost of sales - product |
| 5,488 |
| 3,018 |
| 8,506 |
| 6,711 |
| 1,727 |
| 8,438 | |||||||
Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization |
| 620 |
| 723 |
| 1,343 |
| 620 |
| 723 |
| 1,343 | |||||||
Research and development |
|
| 44,309 |
| 1,913 |
| 46,222 |
| 60,905 |
| 1,997 |
| 62,902 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
| 26,685 |
| 5,511 |
| 32,196 |
| 33,088 |
| 5,548 |
| 38,636 | ||||||
Acquired in-process research and development | 3,272 | — | 3,272 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 3,841 | — | 3,841 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
Total expenses |
|
| 84,215 |
|
| 11,165 |
|
| 95,380 |
|
| 101,324 |
|
| 9,995 |
|
| 111,319 |
|
Operating loss |
| $ | (55,516) | $ | (1,948) | (57,464) | $ | (67,500) | $ | (5,047) | (72,547) | ||||||||
Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (8,786) | (6,859) | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency (loss) gain | (1,248) | 633 | |||||||||||||||||
Other income | 101 | 79 | |||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net | (9,933) | (6,147) | |||||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (67,397) | (78,694) | |||||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (13) | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (67,410) | $ | (78,676) |
The following table presents information about our reportable segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
|
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| U.S. |
| Ex-U.S. |
| Total |
| U.S. |
| Ex-U.S. |
| Total |
| |||||||
$ | 88,080 | $ | 24,709 | $ | 112,789 | $ | 109,846 | $ | 11,377 | $ | 121,223 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Cost of sales - product |
| 17,047 |
| 8,021 |
| 25,068 |
| 22,288 |
| 4,366 |
| 26,654 | |||||||
Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization |
| 1,860 |
| 2,168 |
| 4,028 |
| 1,666 |
| 2,168 |
| 3,834 | |||||||
Research and development |
|
| 138,913 |
| 5,873 |
| 144,786 |
| 195,054 |
| 5,946 |
| 201,000 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
| 77,357 |
| 17,698 |
| 95,055 |
| 105,211 |
| 17,925 |
| 123,136 | ||||||
Acquired in-process research and development | 5,477 | — | 5,477 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 11,431 | — | 11,431 | 3,805 | — | 3,805 | |||||||||||||
Total expenses |
|
| 252,085 |
|
| 33,760 |
|
| 285,845 |
|
| 328,024 |
|
| 30,405 |
|
| 358,429 |
|
Operating loss |
| $ | (164,005) | $ | (9,051) | (173,056) | $ | (218,178) | $ | (19,028) | (237,206) | ||||||||
Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (25,593) | (23,160) | |||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency loss | (2,001) | (102) | |||||||||||||||||
Loss on convertible senior notes conversion | — | (7,791) | |||||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | (3,277) | |||||||||||||||||
Other income | 392 | 1,160 | |||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net | (27,202) | (33,170) | |||||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (200,258) | (270,376) | |||||||||||||||||
Income tax benefit | 125 | 122 | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (200,133) | $ | (270,254) |
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Forward-Looking Information
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the information incorporated herein by reference includes statements that are, or may be deemed, “forward-looking statements.” In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “approximately” or, in each case, their negative or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. They appear in a number of places throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and include statements
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regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things, the market acceptance and commercial viability of our approved product, the development and performance of our sales and marketing capabilities, the performance of our clinical trial partners, third party manufacturers and our diagnostic partners, our ongoing and planned non-clinical studies and clinical trials, the timing of and our ability to make regulatory filings and obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates, including our ability to confirm clinical benefit and safety of our approved product through confirmatory trials and other post-marketing requirements, the degree of clinical utility of our products, particularly in specific patient populations, expectations regarding clinical trial data, expectations regarding sales of our products, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth and strategies, the industry in which we operate, including our competition and the trends that may affect the industry or us.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events, competitive dynamics and industry change and depend on the economic circumstances that may or may not occur in the future or may occur on longer or shorter timelines than anticipated. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity and the development of the industry in which we operate may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained herein.
Any forward-looking statements that we make in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
You should also read carefully the factors described in the “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as supplemented by the risk factors set forth herein, as updated from time to time in our subsequent SEC filings, to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and our website.
Clovis Oncology®, the Clovis logo and Rubraca® are trademarks of Clovis Oncology, Inc. in the United States and in other selected countries. All other brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this report to “Clovis,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Clovis Oncology, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing innovative anti-cancer agents in the United States, Europe and additional international markets. We target our development programs for the treatment of specific subsets of cancer populations, and simultaneously develop, with partners, for those indications that require them, diagnostic tools intended to direct a compound in development to the population that is most likely to benefit from its use.
Our marketed product Rubraca, an oral small molecule inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (“PARP”), is marketed in the United States for two indications specific to recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer and also an indication specific to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”). The initial indication received approval from the FDA in December 2016 and covers the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA (human genes associated with the repair of damaged DNA) mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. In April 2018, the FDA also approved Rubraca for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The approval in this second, broader and earlier-line indication on a priority review timeline was based on positive data from the phase 3 ARIEL3 clinical trial. Diagnostic testing is not required for patients to be prescribed Rubraca in this maintenance treatment indication.
In May 2020, the FDA approved Rubraca for the treatment of adult patients with mCRPC associated with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic) who have been treated previously with androgen receptor-directed therapy and a taxane-based chemotherapy and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. The FDA approved this indication under accelerated approval based on objective response rate
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and duration of response data from the TRITON2 clinical trial. We launched Rubraca for this indication in the U.S. following receipt of the approval. As an accelerated approval, continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. The TRITON3 clinical trial is expected to serve as the confirmatory study for Rubraca’s approval in mCRPC as well as a potential second-line label expansion. TRITON3 is a phase 3 study evaluating Rubraca versus physician’s choice of chemotherapy or second-line androgen deprivation therapy based on PFS in mCRPC patients with BRCA and ATM mutations. We anticipate the initial data readout from TRITON3 in the second quarter of 2022. The timing for the TRITON3 data readout is contingent upon the occurrence of the protocol-specified number of progression events.
In Europe, the European Commission granted a conditional marketing authorization in May 2018 for Rubraca as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with two or more prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, and who are unable to tolerate further platinum-based chemotherapy. In January 2019, the European Commission granted a variation to the marketing authorization to include the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. With this approval, Rubraca is now authorized in Europe for certain patients in the recurrent ovarian cancer maintenance setting regardless of their BRCA mutation status. Following successful reimbursement negotiations, Rubraca has been launched in each of Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands and Switzerland.
In December 2020, Rubraca met the primary study endpoint of significantly improving PFS versus chemotherapy in the ARIEL4 confirmatory study. An interim analysis of overall survival, a secondary endpoint in the study in which 51% of events had occurred in the intent-to-treat population, showed a trend toward an overall survival advantage in the chemotherapy arm, but was confounded by the high rate (64%) of per-protocol crossover to Rubraca following progression on chemotherapy. ARIEL4 study results were presented at a medical congress meeting in March 2021. ARIEL4 is a phase 3 multicenter, randomized study of Rubraca versus chemotherapy, which enrolled relapsed ovarian cancer patients with BRCA mutations (inclusive of germline and/or somatic) who had received two or more prior lines of chemotherapy. Completion of ARIEL4 is a post-marketing commitment in the U.S. and Europe.
Beyond our labeled indications, we have a clinical development program underway to further evaluate Rubraca in a variety of solid tumor types, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, including several studies as part of our ongoing clinical collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb Company (“Bristol Myers Squibb”) to evaluate its immunotherapy OPDIVO® (nivolumab) in combination with Rubraca. We anticipate initial data of Rubraca monotherapy versus placebo from our ATHENA study in the first quarter of 2022 based on event-based projections, with results of the separate analysis of Rubraca in combination with Opdivo anticipated in the second half of 2022 based on protocol-defined assumptions. However, the actual timing of ATHENA data readouts is dependent on the occurrence of the protocol-specified number of progression events. The three anticipated data readouts, ATHENA monotherapy, ATHENA combination and TRITON3 discussed above, provide the potential to obtain approvals that reach larger patient populations in earlier lines of therapy for ovarian and prostate cancers, in which Rubraca is currently approved in later-line indications. Following availability of top-line monotherapy results from ATHENA, we plan to file an sNDA and a variation to the European MAA, and we plan to file an sNDA soon after results from TRITON3 are available, assuming, in each case, that data support such steps.
We initiated the phase 2 LODESTAR study in December 2019 to evaluate Rubraca as monotherapy treatment in patients with recurrent solid tumors associated with a deleterious mutation in homologous recombination repair genes. Based on initial results from the ongoing study, we see encouraging evidence of activity in patients with a biallelic tumor mutation of BRCA or other target genes. Importantly, for BRCA-mutated breast and pancreatic and certain other tumors types, the majority of tumors have biallelic loss. Based on these early data, we continue to evaluate the potential development timeline and regulatory path.
We hold worldwide rights to Rubraca. December 19, 2020, was the earliest date that an abbreviated new drug application (“ANDA”) could have been filed for Rubraca. Since that time, generic entities have been permitted to file an ANDA for rucaparib with a Paragraph IV certification asserting that one or more patents listed in the Orange Book for Rubraca are either not infringed, invalid, or not enforceable. We have not received any Paragraph IV certification notice letters, and to our knowledge, no ANDA filings for rucaparib have been made to date. In March 2021, the FDA issued revised draft product-specific guidance for industry on rucaparib camsylate that replaces the guidance previously issued in February 2018. Because rucaparib camsylate is considered a cytotoxic drug, the published FDA guidance requires any
30
party seeking approval for a generic form of rucaparib to file a Bio-IND and recommends showing bioequivalence in “female patients with a deleterious BRCA mutation associated with advanced cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies and are receiving a regimen of rucaparib camsylate.” The guidance sets forth additional criteria, including the demonstration of bioequivalence to a 90 percent confidence interval. Demonstrating bioequivalence with Rubraca would only be an initial step in the ANDA approval process. In a potential ANDA litigation, a generic challenger would also need to successfully challenge or design around Orange Book listed patents, some of which do not expire until 2035.
Pursuant to our license and collaboration agreement with 3BP, entered into in September 2019, we have initiated development of a peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy (“PTRT”) and imaging agent targeting fibroblast-activating protein (“FAP”). PTRT uses cancer cell-targeting peptides to deliver radiation-emitting radionuclides specifically to tumors. We have completed sufficient preclinical work to support an IND for the lead candidate under our license and collaboration agreement, designated internally as FAP-2286. Accordingly, we submitted two INDs for FAP-2286 for use as imaging and treatment agents in December 2020 to support an initial phase 1 study to determine the dose, schedule and tolerability of FAP-2286 as a therapeutic agent with expansion cohorts planned in multiple tumor types as part of a global development program. The FDA cleared the two INDs and we initiated the phase 1 LuMIERE clinical study in June 2021. LuMIERE is a phase 1/2 study of 177Lu-FAP-2286 is evaluating the compound in patients with advanced solid tumors. FAP-2286 labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga-FAP-2286) will be utilized to identify tumors that contain FAP for treatment in this study.
At the recent AACR-NCI-EORTC conference in October 2021, we presented nonclinical data that confirmed the high expression levels of FAP across multiple solid tumor types screened using immunohistochemistry. High FAP expression, as defined in the study, was observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, salivary gland, mesothelioma, colon, bladder, sarcoma, squamous non–small cell lung, squamous head and neck cancers, as well as in cancers of unknown primary. In these tumor types, high FAP expression was detected in both primary and metastatic tumor samples and was independent of tumor stage or grade. The analysis also demonstrated that in most tumor types, FAP expression was predominantly localized to CAFs, surrounding the tumor cells, and integrated into the tumor microenvironment. In addition, in cancers of mesenchymal origin including sarcoma and mesothelioma, FAP expression was observed in tumor cells in addition to CAFs. These data support the investigation of FAP-2286 in multiple tumor types in the planned Phase Two expansion cohorts of LuMIERE.
The phase 1 portion of the LuMIERE study is a dose escalation study with each of five dose cohorts being enrolled sequentially with a 6-week safety follow-up period after the last patient in each cohort has enrolled to ensure it’s safe to move to the next dose cohort. The phase 1 portion continues to enroll patients, and the second dose cohort is anticipated to begin enrolling in the fourth quarter of 2021. Once the phase 1 evaluation of safety of the FAP-targeting investigational therapeutic agent and identification of the recommended phase 2 dose is determined, phase 2 expansion cohorts are planned in multiple tumor types and anticipated to initiate in 2022.
Identification of the tumor types for exploration in phase 2 development is a considerable focus of ours, as the high levels of FAP expression observed in multiple tumor types makes selecting a number of tumor types in such expansion cohorts difficult. We believe we will have the opportunity to evaluate a minimum of seven tumor types in a single protocol pan-tumor study with predetermined stopping and accelerating enrollment criteria in each of these tumor types. We believe FAP-2286 provides us with the potential to seek accelerated approvals in multiple tumor types.
While we are focused clinically on FAP-2286 monotherapy development in our ongoing LuMIERE study, pre-clinically we are evaluating a number of FAP-2286 drug combinations. Cancer Discovery and Journal of Immunology have reported nonclinical studies demonstrating that FAP-expressing CAFs exert a potent immunosuppressive activity that can promote tumor progression and, according to Molecular Cancer, can confer resistance to immune-based therapies such as PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. We are currently evaluating the efficacy and mechanism-of-action of FAP-2286 and a PD-1 monoclonal antibody in syngeneic mouse tumor models.
In addition, a number of publications, including Scientific Reports, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics and Frontiers in Pharmacology, report non-clinical support for the combination of targeted radiotherapy with PARP inhibitors to augment efficacy. Radiotherapies work by causing DNA damage via radioactive emission, and if this damage is not repaired, the cell will eventually die. These nonclinical studies also report that inhibition of PARP may augment efficacy in combination with multiple TRT agents. Based on this, we are currently preclinically evaluating the combination of FAP-2286 with our PARP inhibitor, Rubraca, in tumor models.
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Lastly, Scientific Reports, Clinical Oncology and the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging present data showing that radiation is known to synergize with a number of agents that are currently approved as the standard-of-care in specific cancer indications. For example, Nuclear Medicine and Biology reports that gemcitabine, used as a first line chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer and other carcinomas, is a well-known radiosensitizer and could have utility in combination with FAP-2286. We are currently performing a high throughput screen of approved oncology drugs in combination with radiation to identify additional potential combinations for FAP-2286 development.
During 2022, we also anticipate the first presentation of phase 1 data from LuMIERE at a medical oncology and nuclear medicine-focused meetings and the launch of our combination study program to explore FAP-2286 in combination with other oncology compounds, and in 2023, a potential IND filing of FAP-2286 linked to a FAP-targeted alpha-emitter PTRT.
We hold U.S. and global rights to FAP-2286, excluding Europe (defined to include Russia, Turkey and Israel), where 3BP retains rights. In addition to our planned studies, the University of California San Francisco is sponsoring a separate, investigator-initiated, imaging-only study with gallium-68 labeled FAP-2286 (NCT04621435) to evaluate FAP expression in seven tumor types; their study is currently enrolling. We are also collaborating with 3BP on a discovery program directed to up to three additional, undisclosed targets for targeted radionuclide therapy, to which we would have global rights for any resulting product candidates. We expect to file an IND for a second candidate from this discovery program, in the second half of 2022.
In addition, Clovis and ITM Isotope Technologies Munich SE recently announced the signing of a clinical supply agreement that provides Clovis with ITM’s therapeutic radioisotope no-carrier-added lutetium-177 (n.c.a. 177Lu), EndolucinBeta®, for use in the clinical development of FAP-2286 for the next five years.
Lucitanib, our product candidate currently in clinical development, is an investigational, oral, potent angiogenesis inhibitor which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“VEGFR1-3”), platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (“PDGFR α/β”) and fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“FGFR1-3”). Lucitanib inhibits the same three pathways as Lenvima® (lenvatinib), which has received an FDA approval for use in certain populations of patients with endometrial cancer in combination with Keytruda® (pembrolizumab), a PD-1 inhibitor. This, together with preclinical data for lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor that demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity compared to that of single agents, represent a scientific rationale for development of lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor, and in February 2019, lucitanib was added to our clinical collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb. The phase 1b/2 LIO-1 study is evaluating the combination of lucitanib and Opdivo in gynecologic cancers. Interim data from the non-clear cell ovarian cancer expansion cohort was presented at ASCO 2021 and the initial efficacy data does not support further development in non-clear cell ovarian cancer. The remaining three cohorts, which include non-clear cell endometrial, cervical and clear-cell ovarian and endometrial cancers, showed sufficient responses in stage one of each of the cohorts to advance to stage 2. Enrollment continues in the cervical cohort, and we are evaluating potential paths forward. We plan to present these data at future medical meetings.
We hold the global (excluding China) development and commercialization rights for lucitanib.
We have three key strategies on which we remain focused: first, we seek to drive Rubraca revenue growth; second, we intend to grow our targeted radionuclide therapy program, which includes the LuMIERE phase 1/2 clinical study of FAP-2286, which is the first peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy targeting FAP and is now enrolling; and third, we seek to achieve long-term financial stability.
We commenced operations in April 2009. To date, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to identifying and in-licensing product candidates, performing development activities with respect to those product candidates and the general and administrative support of these operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we have generated $112.8 million and $121.2 million, respectively, in product revenue related to sales of Rubraca.
We have never been profitable and, as of September 30, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $2,812.9 million. We incurred net losses of $200.1 million and $270.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We had cash and cash equivalents totaling $171.9 million at September 30, 2021.
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License Agreements
Rucaparib
In June 2011, we entered into a license agreement with Pfizer to obtain the exclusive global rights to develop and commercialize Rubraca. The exclusive rights are exclusive even as to Pfizer and include the right to grant sublicenses. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, we made a $7.0 million upfront payment to Pfizer and are required to make additional payments to Pfizer for the achievement of certain development and regulatory and sales milestones and royalties on sales as required by the license agreement. Prior to the FDA approval of Rubraca, we made milestone payments of $1.4 million, which were recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense.
During 2016 through 2020, we paid Pfizer a total of $82.5 million in milestone payments related to FDA and European Commission approvals received for Rubraca. These milestone payments were recognized as intangible assets and are amortized over the estimated remaining useful life of Rubraca.
We are obligated under the license agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize Rubraca and we are responsible for all ongoing development and commercialization costs for Rubraca. We are required to make regulatory milestone payments to Pfizer of up to an additional $8.0 million in aggregate if specified clinical study objectives and regulatory filings, acceptances and approvals are achieved. In addition, we are obligated to make sales milestone payments to Pfizer if specified annual sales targets for Rubraca are met, which relate to annual sales targets of $250.0 million and above, which, in the aggregate, could amount to total milestone payments of $170.0 million, and tiered royalty payments at a mid-teen percentage rate on net sales, with standard provisions for royalty offsets to the extent we need to obtain any rights from third parties to commercialize Rubraca.
The license agreement with Pfizer will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty and sublicense revenue obligations to Pfizer, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the license agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Pfizer can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to Rubraca and an obligation to assign or license to Pfizer any intellectual property rights or other rights we may have in Rubraca, including our regulatory filings, regulatory approvals, patents and trademarks for Rubraca.
In April 2012, we entered into a license agreement with AstraZeneca to acquire exclusive rights associated with Rubraca under a family of patents and patent applications that claim methods of treating patients with PARP inhibitors in certain indications. The license enables the development and commercialization of Rubraca for the uses claimed by these patents. AstraZeneca also receives royalties on net sales of Rubraca.
FAP-2286 and the Radionuclide Therapy Development Program
In September 2019, we entered into a global license and collaboration agreement with 3BP to develop and commercialize a PTRT and imaging agent targeting FAP. The lead candidate, designated internally as FAP-2286, is being developed pursuant to a global development plan agreed to by the parties. We are responsible for the costs of all preclinical and clinical development activities described in the plan, including the costs for a limited number of 3BP full-time equivalents and external costs incurred during the preclinical development phase of the collaboration. Upon the signing of the license and collaboration agreement in September 2019, we made a $9.4 million upfront payment to 3BP, which we recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense.
Pursuant to the terms of the FAP agreement, we are required to make additional payments to 3BP for annual technology access fees and upon the achievement of certain development and regulatory milestone events (or on certain dates, whichever occur earlier). We are also obligated to pay 3BP single- to low-double-digit royalties on net sales of the FAP-targeted therapeutic product and imaging agent, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, 3BP is entitled to receive 34% of any consideration, excluding royalties on the therapeutic product, pursuant to any sublicenses we may grant.
We are obligated under the license and collaboration agreement to use diligent efforts to develop FAP-2286 and commercialize a FAP-targeted therapeutic product and imaging agent, and we are responsible for all commercialization costs in our territory. The agreement with 3BP will remain in effect until the expiration of our royalty obligations to 3BP, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, 3BP can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights. 3BP also has the right to terminate the
33
agreement under certain circumstances in connection with our change of control in which the acquiring party retains a product competitive with the FAP-targeted therapeutic product or, in the event marketing authorization has not yet been obtained, does not agree to the then-current global development plan.
We submitted two INDs for FAP-2286 for use as imaging and treatment agents in December 2020 to support an initial phase 1 study to determine the dose and tolerability of FAP-2286 as a therapeutic agent with expansion cohorts planned in multiple tumor types as part of a global development program. In April 2021, we made a milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement of $2.2 million as a result of the FDA’s acceptance of the IND for the treatment agent. In September 2021, we made a $3.3 million milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement.
In February 2020, we finalized the terms of a drug discovery collaboration agreement with 3BP to identify up to three additional, undisclosed targets for peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy, to which we will obtain global rights for any resulting product candidates. We are responsible for the costs of all preclinical and clinical development activities conducted under the discovery program, including the costs for a limited number of 3BP full-time equivalents and external costs incurred during the discovery and preclinical development phase for each collaboration target. The discovery collaboration agreement was effective December 31, 2019, for which we incurred a $2.1 million technology access fee, which we accrued and recognized as a research and development expense.
Pursuant to the terms of the discovery collaboration agreement, we are required to make additional payments to 3BP for annual technology access fees and upon the achievement of certain development and regulatory milestone events (or on certain dates, whichever occur earlier). We are also obligated to pay 3BP a 6% royalty on net sales of License Products (as defined in the agreement), based on the volume of quarterly net sales achieved.
We are obligated under the discovery collaboration agreement to use diligent efforts to develop and commercialize the product candidates, if any, that result from the discovery program, and we are responsible for all clinical development and commercialization costs. The agreement with 3BP will remain in effect until the expiration of our royalty obligations to 3BP, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, 3BP can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights.
Lucitanib
On November 19, 2013, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of EOS pursuant to the terms set forth in that certain Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2013 (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, EOS, its shareholders (the “Sellers”) and Sofinnova Capital V FCPR, acting in its capacity as the Sellers’ representative. Following the acquisition, EOS became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, in addition to the initial purchase price paid at the time of the closing of the acquisition and other license fees due to Advenchen described below, we will also be obligated to pay to the Sellers a milestone payment of $65.0 million upon obtaining the first NDA approval from the FDA with respect to lucitanib.
In October 2008, Ethical Oncology Science, S.p.A. (“EOS”) (now known as Clovis Oncology Italy Srl) entered into an exclusive license agreement with Advenchen Laboratories LLC (“Advenchen”) to develop and commercialize lucitanib on a global basis, excluding China.
We are obligated to pay Advenchen tiered royalties at percentage rates in the mid-single digits on net sales of lucitanib, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, after giving effect to the first and second amendments to the license agreement, we are required to pay to Advenchen 25% of any consideration, excluding royalties, we receive from sublicensees, in lieu of the milestone obligations set forth in the agreement. We are obligated under the agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize at least one product containing lucitanib, and we are also responsible for all remaining development and commercialization costs for lucitanib.
The license agreement with Advenchen will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty obligations to Advenchen, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Advenchen can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to lucitanib.
34
Financial Operations Overview
Revenue
Product revenue is derived from sales of our product, Rubraca, in the United States and Europe. We distribute our product principally through a limited number of specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers, collectively, our customers. Our customers subsequently sell our products to patients and healthcare providers. Separately, we have arrangements with certain payors and other third parties that provide for government-mandated and privately-negotiated rebates, chargebacks and other discounts. Revenue is recorded net of estimated rebates, chargebacks, discounts and other deductions as well as estimated product returns (collectively, “variable considerations”). Revenue from product sales are recognized when customers obtain control of our product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customers. For further discussion of our revenue recognition policy, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Polices in the Revenue Recognition section.
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded product revenue of $37.9 million and $112.8 million, respectively related to sales of Rubraca. Our ability to generate revenue and become profitable depends upon our ability to successfully commercialize products. Any inability on our part to successfully commercialize Rubraca in the United States, Europe and any foreign territories where it may be approved, or any significant delay in such approvals, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to execute upon our business strategy and, ultimately, to generate sufficient revenues from Rubraca to reach or maintain profitability or sustain our anticipated levels of operations.
We supply commercially labeled Rubraca free of charge to eligible patients who qualify due to financial need through our patient assistance program and the majority of these patients are on Medicare. This product is distributed through a separate vendor who administers the program on our behalf. It is not distributed through our specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy network. This product is neither included in the transaction price nor the variable considerations to arrive at product revenue. Manufacturing costs associated with this free product is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the supply of this free drug was approximately 16% of the overall commercial supply or the equivalent of $16.6 million in commercial value.
Our ability to generate product revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 continued to be negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to fewer diagnoses and fewer patients going to in-person office visits as oncology practices and patients continue to adapt to the impact of the virus. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our U.S. and European sales forces have had physical access to hospitals, clinics, doctors and pharmacies curtailed and/or have been limited. Our European launches occurred in an environment in which our field-based personnel have not been allowed to visit hospitals since as early as late February 2020. Similarly, we launched Rubraca for prostate cancer in the U.S beginning in May 2020, but our physical access to hospital, clinics, doctors and pharmacies has been limited.
Cost of Sales – Product
Product cost of sales consists primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs as well as freight and royalties owed to our licensing partners for Rubraca sales.
Cost of Sales – Intangible Asset Amortization
Cost of sales for intangible asset amortization consists of the amortization of capitalized milestone payments made to our licensing partners upon FDA approval of Rubraca. Milestone payments are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for the development of our product candidates and companion diagnostics, which include:
● | license fees and milestone payments related to the acquisition of in-licensed products, which are reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as acquired in-process research and development; |
● | employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and share-based compensation expense; |
35
● | expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations (“CROs”) and investigative sites that conduct our clinical trials; |
● | the cost of acquiring, developing and manufacturing clinical trial materials; |
● | costs associated with non-clinical activities and regulatory operations; |
● | market research and disease education; and |
● | activities associated with the development of companion diagnostics for our product candidates. |
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. License fees and milestone payments related to in-licensed products and technology are expensed if it is determined that they have no alternative future use. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials and manufacturing of clinical supply, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors. Our research and development expenses decreased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same periods in the prior year. We expect research and development costs to be lower in the full year 2021 compared to 2020.
We did not see material disruption to our clinical trials as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. However, we may see disruption during the remainder of 2021 and during 2022. For example, new patient recruitment in certain clinical studies may be affected and the conduct of clinical trials may vary by geography as some regions are more adversely affected. Additionally, we may slow or delay enrollment in certain trials to manage expenses.
The following table identifies research and development costs on a program-specific basis for our products under development. Personnel-related costs, depreciation and share-based compensation are not allocated to specific programs, as they are deployed across multiple projects under development and, as such, are separately classified as personnel and other expenses in the table below (in thousands):
| Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||||||||
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| |||||
| (in thousands) |
| |||||||||||
Rucaparib Expenses | |||||||||||||
Research and development |
| $ | 22,946 | $ | 38,672 |
| $ | 74,423 | $ | 126,329 | |||
Rucaparib Total |
| 22,946 |
| 38,672 |
| 74,423 |
| 126,329 | |||||
FAP Expenses | |||||||||||||
Research and development | 2,471 | 2,182 | 7,044 | 5,026 | |||||||||
Acquired in-process research and development | 3,272 | — | 5,477 | — | |||||||||
FAP Total |
| 5,743 |
| 2,182 |
| 12,521 |
| 5,026 | |||||
Lucitanib Expenses | |||||||||||||
Research and development |
| 2,498 |
| 1,774 |
| 7,567 |
| 4,605 | |||||
Lucitanib Total |
| 2,498 |
| 1,774 |
| 7,567 |
| 4,605 | |||||
Rociletinib Expenses | |||||||||||||
Research and development | (80) | (334) | (145) | (1,134) | |||||||||
Rociletinib Total |
| (80) |
| (334) |
| (145) |
| (1,134) | |||||
Personnel and other expenses |
| 18,387 |
| 20,608 |
| 55,897 |
| 66,174 | |||||
Total | $ | 49,494 | $ | 62,902 | $ | 150,263 | $ | 201,000 |
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive, commercial, finance, legal, investor relations, human resources and information technology functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facilities expenses, communication expenses, information technology costs, corporate insurance and professional fees for legal, consulting and accounting services. With the FDA approval of Rubraca on December 19, 2016, all sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our U.S. and European sales forces have had physical access to hospitals, clinics, doctors and pharmacies curtailed and/or have been limited, which have decreased sales and marketing expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated a preference by oncology practices for more digital programming, including digital, peer-to-peer interactions and reduced in-person
36
promotion. In order to meet these changing preferences, we adopted a hybrid commercial strategy combining increased digital promotion activities, greater online resources and more peer-to-peer interactions with reduced and more targeted in-person promotion. New tools and performance indicators based on this hybrid approach were rolled out during the fourth quarter of 2020. We adopted this strategy in order to better reach customers in the way they want to be reached with the goal of returning to growth, especially as the ongoing impact of COVID-19 is reduced. The adoption of this strategy also contributed to decreased sales and marketing expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to the reduction in size of our U.S. commercial organization by approximately 45 employees during the fourth quarter of 2020.
Acquired In-Process Research and Development Expenses
Acquired in-process research and development expenses consist of upfront payments to acquire a new drug compound, as well as subsequent milestone payments. Acquired in-process research and development payments are immediately expensed provided that the drug has not achieved regulatory approval for marketing and, absent obtaining such approval, has no alternative future use. Once regulatory approval is received, payments to acquire rights, and the related milestone payments, are capitalized and the amortization of such assets recorded to intangible asset amortization cost of sales.
Other Income and Expense
Other income and expense is primarily comprised of foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions with CROs, investigative sites and contract manufacturers where payments are made in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Other expense also includes interest expense recognized related to our convertible senior notes.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, revenue and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue, intangible asset impairment, clinical trial accruals and share-based compensation expense. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
For a description of our critical accounting policies, please see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. There have not been any material changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2020.
New Accounting Standards
From time to time, the FASB or other standards-setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements. Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification are communicated through the issuance of an Accounting Standards Update. Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted in the future, is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.
To understand the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted, please review the information provided in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
37
Results of Operations
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||
|
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. |
| ex-U.S. |
| Total |
| U.S. |
| ex-U.S. |
| Total | |||||||
Transaction price | $ | 35,763 | $ | 16,174 | $ | 51,937 | $ | 41,851 | $ | 9,917 | $ | 51,768 | ||||||
Sales deductions: | ||||||||||||||||||
Government rebates and chargebacks | (4,093) | (6,146) | (10,239) | (4,980) | (4,593) | (9,573) | ||||||||||||
Discounts and fees | (2,971) | (811) | (3,782) | (3,047) | (376) | (3,423) | ||||||||||||
Total sales deductions | (7,064) | (6,957) | (14,021) | (8,027) | (4,969) | (12,996) | ||||||||||||
Product revenue | 28,699 | 9,217 | 37,916 | 33,824 | 4,948 | 38,772 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
External cost of sales - product |
| 5,488 |
| 3,018 |
| 8,506 |
| 6,711 |
| 1,727 |
| 8,438 | ||||||
Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization |
| 620 |
| 723 |
| 1,343 |
| 620 |
| 723 |
| 1,343 | ||||||
Research and development |
|
| 44,309 |
| 1,913 |
| 46,222 |
| 60,905 |
| 1,997 |
| 62,902 | |||||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
| 26,685 |
| 5,511 |
| 32,196 |
| 33,088 |
| 5,548 |
| 38,636 | |||||
Acquired in-process research and development | 3,272 | — | 3,272 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 3,841 | — | 3,841 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Total expenses |
|
| 84,215 |
|
| 11,165 |
|
| 95,380 |
|
| 101,324 |
|
| 9,995 |
|
| 111,319 |
Operating loss |
| $ | (55,516) | $ | (1,948) | (57,464) | $ | (67,500) | $ | (5,047) | (72,547) | |||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (8,786) | (6,859) | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency (loss) gain | (1,248) | 633 | ||||||||||||||||
Other income | 101 | 79 | ||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net | (9,933) | (6,147) | ||||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (67,397) | (78,694) | ||||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (13) | 18 | ||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (67,410) | $ | (78,676) |
Product revenue. Total product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to fewer diagnoses and fewer patient starts in the U.S., primarily caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as there have been fewer patients going to in-person office visits as oncology practices and patients continue to adapt to the impact of the virus.
U.S. product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 decreased $5.1 million compared to the same period in the prior year while ex-U.S. product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased $4.3 million compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in ex-U.S. product revenue is due to Rubraca being launched in countries in Europe throughout 2019 and 2020.
Product revenue is recorded net of variable considerations comprised of rebates, chargebacks and other discounts. Product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $28.7 million in the United States and $9.2 million outside of the United States. Total variable considerations remained relatively consistent during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 at 27.0% and 25.1% of the transaction price, respectively.
External cost of sales – product. Product cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2021 remained consistent during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year. Product cost of sales primarily relate to manufacturing, freight and royalties costs associated with Rubraca sales in the period.
U.S. product cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2021 decreased $1.2 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the decrease in product revenue.
Ex-U.S. product cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased $1.3 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the increase in product revenue.
Cost of sales – intangible asset amortization. In the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we recognized cost of sales of $1.3 million associated with the amortization of capitalized milestone payments related to the approvals of Rubraca by the FDA and the European Commission.
38
Research and development expenses. Except for activities related to medical research and disease education, research and development expenses are attributable to our U.S. segment. Research and development expenses decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to lower research and development costs for Rubraca. The decrease related to our TRITON2 study for prostate cancer, our ATHENA and SEASTAR studies for ovarian cancer, manufacturing costs, molecular diagnostic costs and personnel costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a $5.1 million decrease in personnel costs and share-based compensation expense due to the reduction in size of our U.S. commercial organization by approximately 45 employees during the fourth quarter of 2020. In addition, we had a $1.3 million decrease in legal expenses. The total decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses mostly related to our U.S. segment while our ex-U.S. selling, general and administrative expenses remained consistent during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year.
Acquired in-process research and development. In September 2021, we made a $3.3 million milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement.
Other operating expenses. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized other operating expenses related to our production train at Lonza. We expect these expenses to remain consistent during the remainder of 2021 due to our fixed facility fee each quarter since we expect to have sufficient inventory and do not plan to produce inventory at Lonza during the remainder of 2021.
Interest expense. Interest expense increased during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to interest expense under our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial.
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Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||
|
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. |
| ex-U.S. |
| Total |
| U.S. |
| ex-U.S. |
| Total | |||||||
Transaction price | $ | 111,257 | $ | 43,413 | $ | 154,670 | $ | 133,592 | $ | 22,635 | $ | 156,227 | ||||||
Sales deductions: | ||||||||||||||||||
Government rebates and chargebacks | (13,930) | (16,514) | (30,444) | (14,322) | (10,469) | (24,791) | ||||||||||||
Discounts and fees | (9,247) | (2,190) | (11,437) | (9,424) | (789) | (10,213) | ||||||||||||
Total sales deductions | (23,177) | (18,704) | (41,881) | (23,746) | (11,258) | (35,004) | ||||||||||||
Product revenue | 88,080 | 24,709 | 112,789 | 109,846 | 11,377 | 121,223 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Cost of sales - product |
| 17,047 |
| 8,021 |
| 25,068 |
| 22,288 |
| 4,366 |
| 26,654 | ||||||
Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization |
| 1,860 |
| 2,168 |
| 4,028 |
| 1,666 |
| 2,168 |
| 3,834 | ||||||
Research and development |
|
| 138,913 |
| 5,873 |
| 144,786 |
| 195,054 |
| 5,946 |
| 201,000 | |||||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
| 77,357 |
| 17,698 |
| 95,055 |
| 105,211 |
| 17,925 |
| 123,136 | |||||
Acquired in-process research and development | 5,477 | — | 5,477 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 11,431 | — | 11,431 | 3,805 | — | 3,805 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses |
|
| 252,085 |
|
| 33,760 |
|
| 285,845 |
|
| 328,024 |
|
| 30,405 |
|
| 358,429 |
Operating loss |
| (164,005) | (9,051) | (173,056) | (218,178) | (19,028) | (237,206) | |||||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (25,593) | (23,160) | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency loss | (2,001) | (102) | ||||||||||||||||
Loss on convertible senior notes conversion | — | (7,791) | ||||||||||||||||
Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | (3,277) | ||||||||||||||||
Other income | 392 | 1,160 | ||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net | (27,202) | (33,170) | ||||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (200,258) | (270,376) | ||||||||||||||||
Income tax benefit | 125 | 122 | ||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (200,133) | $ | (270,254) |
Product revenue. Total product revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to fewer diagnoses and fewer patient starts in the U.S., primarily caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as there have been fewer patients going to in-person office visits as oncology practices and patients continue to adapt to the impact of the virus.
U.S. product revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 decreased $21.8 million compared to the same period in the prior year while ex-U.S. product revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased $13.3 million compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in ex-U.S. product revenue is due to Rubraca being launched in countries in Europe throughout 2019 and 2020.
Product revenue is recorded net of variable considerations comprised of rebates, chargebacks and other discounts. Product revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $88.1 million in the United States and $24.7 million outside of the United States. Total variable considerations represented 27.1% and 22.4% of the transaction price recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in variable considerations is primarily due to the European National Health Service rebates related to our sales in Europe and the PHS/340B discounts related to our sales in the U.S. Countries in Europe contract larger government rebates and discounts compared to the U.S. contributing to the overall increase in variable considerations. As sales in Europe increase in percentage terms compared to the U.S., variable considerations will also increase. The PHS discount related to our U.S. sales has increased as a result of expanding 340B Drug Program purchases by covered entities.
Cost of sales – product. Product cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 decreased primarily due to the decrease in product revenue. Product cost of sales primarily relate to manufacturing, freight and royalties costs associated with Rubraca sales in the period.
U.S. product cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 decreased $5.2 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the decrease in product revenue.
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Ex-U.S. product cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased $3.7 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the increase in product revenue.
Cost of sales – intangible asset amortization. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we recognized cost of sales of $4.0 million and $3.8 million, respectively, associated with the amortization of capitalized milestone payments related to the approvals of Rubraca by the FDA and the European Commission.
Research and development expenses. Except for activities related to medical research and disease education, research and development expenses are attributable to our U.S. segment. Research and development expenses decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to lower research and development costs for Rubraca. The decrease related to our TRITON studies for prostate cancer, our ARIEL and ATHENA studies for ovarian cancer, manufacturing costs, molecular diagnostic costs and personnel costs. These decreases were partially offset by increased costs related to FAP and lucitanib.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a $22.5 million decrease in marketing costs, personnel costs and share-based compensation expense primarily due to the reduction in size of our U.S. commercial organization by approximately 45 employees during the fourth quarter of 2020. In addition, we had a $4.6 million decrease in legal expenses. The total decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses mostly related to our U.S. segment while our ex-U.S. selling, general and administrative expenses remained relatively consistent during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year.
Acquired in-process research and development. In April 2021, we made a milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement of $2.2 million as a result of the FDA’s acceptance of the IND for the treatment agent. In September 2021, we made a $3.3 million milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement.
Other operating expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we recognized other operating expenses related to our production train at Lonza. We expect these expenses to remain consistent during the remainder of 2021 due to our fixed facility fee each quarter since we expect to have sufficient inventory and do not plan to produce inventory at Lonza during the remainder of 2021.
As discussed in Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, we amended this agreement in June 2021, resulting in the derecognition of the lease components recognized under the original agreement. The derecognition of the lease components, payment of $1.1 million to Lonza and derecognition of fixed assets related to our Lonza production train resulted in a loss of $0.3 million, which is included in other operating expenses. Lonza is guaranteeing a minimum percentage usage of this production train for third parties and Lonza would reduce our fixed facility fee starting in 2023 based on this minimum percentage usage. If Lonza is able to utilize greater than the minimum guaranteed percentage, it will increase the reduction to our fixed facility fee.
Interest expense. Interest expense increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year. The $7.5 million increase in interest expense under our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial was partially offset by the write off of $4.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to our convertible senior notes transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Loss on convertible senior notes conversion. In January 2020, we completed a registered direct offering of an aggregate 17,777,679 shares of our common stock at a price of $9.25 per share to a limited number of holders of our 2024 Notes. We used the proceeds of the share offering to repurchase from such holders an aggregate of $123.4 million principal amount of 2024 Notes in privately negotiated transactions. In addition, we paid customary fees and expenses in connection with the transactions. This transaction resulted in a loss of $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Loss on extinguishment of debt. In April 2020, we entered into a privately negotiated exchange agreement with a Holder of our 2021 Notes, pursuant to which we issued to such Holder of the 2021 Notes approximately $36.1 million in Additional 2024 Notes of our currently outstanding 2024 Notes in exchange for approximately $32.8 million in aggregate principal of 2021 Notes held by such Holder, which resulted in a $3.3 million loss on extinguishment of debt.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
To date, we have principally funded our operations using the net proceeds from public offerings of our common stock, convertible senior notes offerings and our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial. At September 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $171.9 million.
The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
|
| Nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||
|
| 2021 |
| 2020 |
| ||
|
|
| |||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
| $ | (154,714) | $ | (196,675) |
| |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
|
| (243) |
| 126,588 |
| |
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
| 86,990 |
| 131,808 |
| |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
|
| (313) |
| 1,148 |
| |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
| $ | (68,280) | $ | 62,869 |
|
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was lower during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a lower net loss adjusted for non-cash items and changes in components of working capital.
Investing Activities
There were no significant investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 while net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included sales of available-for-sale securities of $144.6 million, partially offset by purchases of available-for-sale securities of $10.0 million and a milestone payment of $8.0 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included $114.0 million net proceeds resulting from our “at the market” offerings that occurred during May, June, August and September 2021 and $37.7 million proceeds from borrowings under our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial, partially offset by a $64.4 million payment of our 2.50% convertible senior notes.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included proceeds of $246.7 million from the issuance of common stock, partially offset by a $164.4 million payment of our 2024 Notes. In addition, we had $50.0 million proceeds from borrowings under our financing agreement.
On May 17, 2021, we entered into a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and BofA Securities, Inc., as agents (the “Agents”), pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions, including directly on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or into any other existing trading market for the shares, or sales made to or through a market maker, in block transactions or by any other method permitted by law, including negotiated transactions. Sales may be made at market prices prevailing at the time of a sale or at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. During the period between May 18, 2021 and June 9, 2021, we sold an aggregate of 13,492,231 shares of our common stock under the Distribution Agreement resulting in gross proceeds of $75.0 million and net proceeds to us of $72.5 million, after deducting commissions and offering expenses, effectively closing out sales we may make pursuant to the Distribution Agreement.
The issuance and sale of the shares under the Distribution Agreement were be made pursuant to our effective registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 25, 2021 (File No. 333-253485) as amended by pre-effective Amendment No. 1 thereto filed with the SEC on May 5, 2021. The offering is described in the Company’s prospectus dated May 7, 2021, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement dated May 17, 2021, as filed with the SEC on May 17, 2021. We have used and intend to use the
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net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including funding of our development programs, sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca, repayment, repurchase or refinance of our debt obligations, payment of milestones pursuant to our license agreements, general and administrative expenses, acquisition or licensing of additional product candidates or businesses and working capital.
On August 16, 2021, we entered into a distribution agreement (the “August Distribution Agreement”) with the Agents, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions, including directly on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or into any other existing trading market for the shares, or sales made to or through a market maker, in block transactions or by any other method permitted by law, including privately negotiated transactions. Sales may be made at market prices prevailing at the time of a sale or at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. During the period between August 17, 2021 and September 15, 2021, we sold an aggregate of 9,379,976 shares of our common stock under the August Distribution Agreement resulting in gross proceeds of $43.0 million and net proceeds to us of $41.5 million, after deducting commissions and offering expenses.
The issuance and sale of the shares under the August Distribution Agreement will be made pursuant to our effective registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2021 (File No. 333-253485) as amended by pre-effective Amendment No. 1 thereto filed with the SEC on May 5, 2021. The offering is described in the Company’s prospectus dated May 7, 2021, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement dated August 16, 2021, as filed with the SEC on August 16, 2021. We have used and intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including funding of our development programs, sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca, repayment, repurchase or refinance of our debt obligations, payment of milestones pursuant to our license agreements, general and administrative expenses, acquisition or licensing of additional product candidates or businesses and working capital.
Operating Capital Requirements
In the United States, Rubraca is approved by the FDA for two indications for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. Rubraca is also approved by the FDA for prostate cancer. In Europe, Rubraca is approved by the European Commission for two indications for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. We expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, as we commercialize Rubraca and expand our selling, general and administrative functions to support the growth in our commercial organization.
As of September 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $171.9 million and total current liabilities of $112.7 million.
Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, it is difficult to estimate the exact amounts of our working capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including but not limited to:
● | revenues from the sale of our Rubraca product; |
● | the number and characteristics of the product candidates, companion diagnostics and indications we pursue; |
● | the achievement of various development, regulatory and commercial milestones resulting in required payments to partners pursuant to the terms of our license agreements; |
● | the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing our product candidates and related companion diagnostics and conducting clinical and non-clinical trials; |
● | the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for our product candidates and companion diagnostics; |
● | the cost of commercialization activities, including marketing and distribution costs; |
● | the cost of manufacturing any of our product candidates we successfully commercialize; |
● | the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims, including litigation costs and outcome of such litigation; and |
● | the timing, receipt and amount of sales, if any, of our product candidates. |
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Based on current estimates, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and liquidity available under our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial, together with current estimates for revenues generated by sales of Rubraca, will allow us to fund our operating plan through at least the next 12 months.
We have incurred significant net losses since inception and have relied on our ability to fund our operations through debt and equity financings. We expect operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for the foreseeable future even with Rubraca now generating revenues. Our Rubraca revenues have not been consistent in prior quarters, mainly as a result of the impact of COVID-19 and competition from other products on the market, including the impact on second-line maintenance that may result from an increase in first-line maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer, which has made forecasting revenues difficult. In addition to other factors, future Rubraca revenues will depend, in part, on the timing and extent of any recovery from the impacts of COVID-19, with any such recovery to take several quarters to have a meaningful impact on our financial results. Until we can generate a sufficient amount of Rubraca revenues to finance our cash requirements, which we don’t expect in the foreseeable future and which we may never do in sufficient amounts, we expect to finance our operating plan through a combination of public or private equity or debt offerings, collaborations, strategic alliances and other similar licensing arrangements. In order to continue to raise capital through the sale of our equity securities beyond the shares already reserved for issuance under our “at the market” offerings, we will need our stockholders, at our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to consider again and to approve a proposal to amend to our certificate of incorporation to increase the number of shares of common stock we are authorized to issue. We cannot be certain that our stockholders will approve such a proposal. We also cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. In the near term, we believe there is adequate flexibility within our operating plan, particularly with managing our expenses, to adjust to variations in our expected Rubraca revenues and the availability and timing of potential sources of financings.
As we continue to incur losses, transition to profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of revenue from Rubraca adequate to support our cost structure. We may never achieve profitability, and unless or until we do, we will continue to need to raise additional cash.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
Our ability to generate product revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily due to the ongoing effect the pandemic has had on oncology treatment and practice, and in particular, in ovarian cancer, resulting in fewer diagnoses and fewer patients going to in-person office visits in the U.S. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our U.S. and European sales forces have had physical access to hospitals, clinics, doctors and pharmacies curtailed and/or have been limited. Our European launches occurred in an environment in which our field-based personnel were not allowed to visit hospitals beginning as early as late February 2020. Similarly, we launched Rubraca for prostate cancer in the U.S beginning in May 2020, but our physical access to hospital, clinics, doctors and pharmacies remains limited. It is difficult to discern or predict any trend in new patient starts due to the unpredictability of the COVID-19 situation and the changing competitive landscape.
This curtailment of and/or limited physical access has decreased sales and marketing expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and may extend through the remainder of 2021 and during 2022. In addition, due to increased travel restrictions, quarantines, “work-at-home” and “shelter-in-place” orders and extended shutdown of certain non-essential business in the United States, and European and Asia-Pacific countries, in-person conferences and meetings requiring travel will decrease, resulting in a decrease of our selling, general and administrative expenses. We believe that we have sufficient supply of Rubraca and our product candidates to continue our commercial and clinical operations as planned.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated a preference by oncology practices for more digital programming, including digital, peer-to-peer interactions and reduced in-person promotion. In order to meet these changing preferences, we adopted a hybrid commercial strategy combining increased digital promotion activities, greater online resources and more peer-to-peer interactions with reduced and more targeted in-person promotion. New tools and performance indicators based on this hybrid approach were rolled out during the fourth quarter of 2020. We adopted this strategy in order to better reach customers in the way they want to be reached with the goal of returning to growth, especially as the ongoing impact of COVID-19 is reduced.
We did not see material disruption to our clinical trials as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. However, we may see disruption during the remainder of 2021 and during 2022.
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For example, new patient recruitment in certain clinical studies may be affected and the conduct of clinical trials may vary by geography as some regions are more adversely affected. Additionally, we may slow or delay enrollment in certain trials to manage expenses.
On March 18, 2020, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (“FFCR Act”), and on March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act were each enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The FFCR Act and the CARES Act contain numerous income tax provisions, such as relaxing limitations on the deductibility of interest and the use of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. On March 11, 2021, President Biden signed an additional coronavirus relief package entitled the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“ARPA”), which included, among other things, provisions relating to stimulus payments to some Americans, extension of several CARES Act relief programs, expansion of the child tax credit, funding for vaccinations and other COVID-19 related assistance programs. The CARES Act, FFCR Act, and the ARPA have not had a material impact on the Company; however, we will continue to examine the impacts that these Acts, as well as any future economic relief legislation, may have on our business.
The trading prices for our common stock and of other biopharmaceutical companies have been highly volatile as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. As a result of this volatility and uncertainties regarding future impact of COVID-19 on our business and operations, we may face difficulties raising capital or may only be able to raise capital on unfavorable terms.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
For a discussion of our contractual obligations, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For further information regarding our contractual obligations and commitments, see Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of September 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $171.9 million, consisting of bank demand deposits, money market funds and U.S. treasury securities. The primary objectives of our investment policy are to preserve principal and maintain proper liquidity to meet operating needs. Our investment policy specifies credit quality standards for our investments and limits the amount of credit exposure to any single issue, issuer or type of investment. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because our investments are in short-term securities. Due to the short-term duration of our investment portfolio and the low risk profile of our investments, an immediate 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair value of our portfolio.
We contract with contract research organizations, investigative sites and contract manufacturers globally where payments are made in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In addition, on October 3, 2016, we entered into a Manufacturing and Services Agreement with a Lonza, a Swiss company, for the long-term manufacture and supply of the API for Rubraca. Under the terms of this agreement, payments for the supply of the active ingredient in Rubraca as well as scheduled capital program fee payment toward capital equipment and other costs associated with the construction of a production train were made in Swiss Francs. Once the production train became operational in October 2018, we were obligated to pay a fixed facility fee each quarter for the duration of the agreement, which expires on December 31, 2025. As discussed in Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, we amended this agreement in June 2021, resulting in the derecognition of the lease components recognized under the original agreement. The derecognition of the lease components, payment of $1.1 million to Lonza and derecognition of fixed assets related to our Lonza production train resulted in a loss of $0.3 million, which is included in other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
As of September 30, 2021, $45.6 million of purchase commitments exist under the Manufacturing and Services Agreement, which includes the fixed facility fee noted above, and we are required to remit amounts due in Swiss Francs. Due to other variables that may exist, it is difficult to quantify the impact of a particular change in exchange rates. However, we estimate that if the value of the US dollar was to strengthen by 10% compared to the value of Swiss Franc as of September 30, 2021, it would decrease the total US dollar purchase commitment under the Manufacturing and
45
Services Agreement by $9.4 million. Similarly, a 10% weakening of the US dollar compared to the Swiss franc would decrease the total US dollar purchase commitment by $1.3 million.
While we periodically hold foreign currencies, primarily Euro, Swiss Franc and Pound Sterling, we do not use other financial instruments to hedge our foreign exchange risk. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately 4% and 3%, respectively, of our total liabilities were denominated in currencies other than the functional currency.
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objective. With the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management performed an evaluation as of September 30, 2021 of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies.
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
Our business faces significant risks and uncertainties. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and you should carefully consider them. Accordingly, in evaluating our business, we encourage you to consider the risk factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, in addition to other information contained in or incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other public filings with the SEC. Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
There were no material changes to the risk factors included in our previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
None.
ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES |
None.
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES |
Not Applicable.
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS |
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit | |
Number | Exhibit Description |
3.1(5) | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Clovis Oncology, Inc. |
3.2(19) | |
3.3(5) | |
3.4(22) | Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Clovis Oncology, Inc. |
4.1(3) | |
4.2(7) | |
47
4.3(14) | |
4.4(14) | |
4.5(20) | |
4.6(21) | |
4.7(25) | |
10.1*(4) | License Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2011, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Pfizer Inc. |
10.2+(1) | |
10.3+(4) | |
10.4+(29) | Clovis Oncology, Inc. Amended and Restated 2020 Stock Incentive Plan. |
10.5+(1) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement. |
10.6+(4) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement. |
10.7+(23) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan Option Agreement. |
10.8+(23) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. |
10.9+(3) | |
10.10+(3) | |
10.11+(1) | |
10.12+(1) | |
10.13+(1) | |
10.14+(1) | |
10.15+(1) | |
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10.16+(1) | |
10.17+(1) | |
10.18(24) | |
10.19+(1) | |
10.20+(15) | Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended. |
10.21+(4) | |
10.22+(2) | |
10.23+(2) | |
10.24(6) | |
10.25*(6) | |
10.26+(10) | |
10.27+(17) | |
10.28+(8) | |
10.29+(13) | |
10.30*(9) | |
10.31+(11) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan RSU Agreement. |
10.32*(11) | |
10.33*(12) |
49
10.34+(16) | |
10.35+(16) | |
10.36+(17) | Employment Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2017, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Paul Gross. |
10.37+(17) | |
10.38(18) | |
10.39(18) | |
10.40#(26) | |
10.41+(27) | |
10.42+(27) | |
10.43+(28) | |
10.44+(29) | |
21.1 | |
31.1 | |
31.2 | |
32.1 | |
32.2 | |
50
101 | The following materials from Clovis Oncology, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2021 formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (“iXBRL”): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |
(1) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-175080) on June 23, 2011. |
(2) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on June 14, 2013. |
(3) | Filed as an exhibit with Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-175080) on August 31, 2011. |
(4) | Filed as an exhibit with Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-175080) on October 31, 2011. |
(5) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on March 15, 2012. |
(6) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on November 19, 2013. |
(7) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on September 9, 2014. |
(8) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on April 1, 2016. |
(9) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on November 4, 2016. |
(10) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 29, 2016. |
(11) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 23, 2017. |
(12) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 4, 2017. |
(13) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on July 7, 2017. |
(14) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on April 19, 2018. |
(15) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 10-Q on August 2, 2018. |
(16) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on October 12, 2018. |
(17) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 28, 2019. |
(18) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on May 2, 2019. |
(19) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on June 6, 2019. |
(20) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on August 13, 2019. |
(21) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 26, 2020. |
(22) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on April 16, 2020. |
(23) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on June 4, 2020. |
(24) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on November 5, 2020. |
(25) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on November 17, 2020. |
(26) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35347) on February 25, 2021. |
(27) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 10-Q on May 5, 2021. |
(28) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on July 13, 2021. |
(29) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 10-Q on August 4, 2021. |
+ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.
* Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to portions of this exhibit, which portions have been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
# Confidential portions of this Exhibit were redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K and Clovis
Oncology, Inc. agrees to furnish supplementary to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of any redacted information or omitted schedule and/or exhibit upon request.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: November 3, 2021 | CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. | ||
| By: |
| /s/ PATRICK J. MAHAFFY |
| Patrick J. Mahaffy | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| By: |
| /s/ DANIEL W. MUEHL |
| Daniel W. Muehl | ||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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