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Cohen & Co Inc. - Quarter Report: 2006 June (Form 10-Q)

Form 10-Q
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


FORM 10-Q

 


 

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: June 30, 2006

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number: 001-32026

 


SUNSET FINANCIAL RESOURCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its governing instruments)

 


 

Maryland   16-1685692

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification Number)

10245 Centurion Parkway N., Suite 305

Jacksonville, Florida 32256

(Address of principal executive offices, Zip Code)

(904) 425-4575

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 


Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports and reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ¨            Accelerated filer  x            Non-accelerated filer  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

As of August 1, 2006, there were 10,513,100 shares of common stock ($0.001 par value) of Sunset Financial Resources, Inc. outstanding.

 



Table of Contents

Index

 

          Page No.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

  

        Item 1.

   Financial Statements   
   Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005    3
   Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005    4
   Consolidated Statements of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005    5
   Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2006    6
   Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005    7
   Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements    8

        Item 2.

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    20

        Item 3.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    33

        Item 4.

   Controls and Procedures    33

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

  

        Item 1.

   Legal Proceedings    33

        Item 1A.

   Risk Factors    34

        Item 2.

   Unregistered sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds    34

        Item 3.

   Defaults Upon Senior Securities    34

        Item 4.

   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    34

        Item 5.

   Other Information    34

        Item 6.

   Exhibits    34
SIGNATURES    35
EXHIBIT INDEX    36

 

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Sunset Financial Resources, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share data)

 

    

June 30,

2006

   

December 31,

2005

 
     (unaudited)        

Assets

    

Mortgage assets

    

Mortgage backed securities, available for sale

   $ 468,238     $ 942,900  

Securitized hybrid adjustable rate mortgages

     149,321       160,602  

Commercial mortgages

     17,503       29,347  
                

Total mortgage assets

     635,062       1,132,849  

Allowance for loan losses

     (6,085 )     (7,321 )
                

Net mortgage assets

     628,977       1,125,528  

Debt securities, available for sale

     49,999       —    

Cash and cash equivalents

     31,065       17,570  

Warehouse deposits

     4,500       —    

Interest receivable

     2,743       4,542  

Fixed assets, net

     361       521  

Other assets

     1,586       1,853  

Interest rate swap agreements

     12,197       12,246  
                

Total assets

   $ 731,428     $ 1,162,260  
                

Liabilities

    

Reverse repurchase agreements

   $ 565,292     $ 1,031,831  

Junior subordinated notes due to Sunset Financial Statutory Trust I

     20,619       20,619  

Trust preferred obligations

     35,000       —    

Interest rate swap agreements

     —         137  

Accrued liabilities

     1,954       2,676  
                

Total liabilities

     622,865       1,055,263  

Commitments and contingencies

    

Stockholders’ equity

    

Preferred stock, $.001 par value, authorized 50,000,000; no shares outstanding

     —         —    

Common stock, $.001 par value, authorized 100,000,000; 10,513,100 and 10,516,600 outstanding at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively

     11       11  

Additional paid in capital

     119,455       119,391  

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     11,404       (2,998 )

Accumulated deficit

     (22,307 )     (9,407 )
                

Total stockholders’ equity

     108,563       106,997  
                

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 731,428     $ 1,162,260  
                

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Sunset Financial Resources, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

    

Three Months Ended

June 30,

    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2006     2005     2006     2005  

Interest and fee income

   $ 11,433     $ 11,802     $ 24,405     $ 21,973  

Interest expense

     (8,967 )     (9,031 )     (18,728 )     (15,730 )
                                

Net interest income

     2,466       2,771       5,677       6,243  

Provision for loan losses

     (70 )     5,722       (74 )     5,798  
                                

Net interest income after provision

     2,536       (2,951 )     5,751       445  

Net gain (loss) on sales of securities

     (8,697 )     8       (8,697 )     8  

Net gain on termination of interest rate swaps

     9,616       —         9,525       —    

Impairment losses on mortgage-backed securities

     (13,518 )     —         (13,518 )     —    

Operating expenses

        

Salaries and employee benefits

     663       564       1,195       1,304  

Professional fees

     1,603       756       2,525       1,220  

External manager fees

     234       —         234       —    

Other

     684       830       1,376       1,579  
                                

Total operating expenses

     3,184       2,150       5,330       4,103  
                                

Net loss

   $ (13,247 )   $ (5,093 )   $ (12,269 )   $ (3,650 )
                                

Basic and diluted loss per share

   $ (1.26 )   $ (0.49 )   $ (1.17 )   $ (0.35 )

Weighted average basic and diluted shares

     10,481       10,475       10,478       10,465  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Sunset Financial Resources, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands)

 

    

Three Months Ended

June 30,

    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2006     2005     2006     2005  

Net loss

   $ (13,247 )   $ (5,093 )   $ (12,269 )   $ (3,650 )

Components of other comprehensive income (loss):

        

Net unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities arising during the period

     (3,676 )     5,886       (7,958 )     (2,451 )

Reclassification of realized loss on available for sale securities to earnings

     8,697       —         8,697       —    

Reclassification of impairment loss on available for sale securities to earnings

     13,518       —         13,518       —    

Net unrealized gain (loss) on hedging instruments arising during the period

     4,174       (8,280 )     10,687       (304 )

Reclassification of realized gain on termination of hedging instruments to earnings

     (9,616 )     —         (9,616 )     —    

(Accretion) amortization of net deferred (gain) loss on terminated effective hedges

     (595 )     (347 )     (926 )     714  
                                

Comprehensive income (loss)

   $ (745 )   $ (7,834 )   $ 2,133     $ (5,691 )
                                

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Sunset Financial Resources, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

 

     Common Stock   

Paid in

Capital

   

Accumulated
Other

Comprehensive

Income (Loss)

   

Accumulated

Deficit

    Total  
   Shares     Par
Value
        

Balance at January 1, 2006

   10,517     $ 11    $ 119,391     $ (2,998 )   $ (9,407 )   $ 106,997  

Share-based compensation expense under stock plans

   (1 )     —        76           76  

Costs associated with issuance of common stock

          (12 )         (12 )

Unrealized net gain on cash flow hedges

            9,671         9,671  

Unrealized net deferred gain on terminated effective cash flow hedges

            1,016         1,016  

Reclassification of realized gain on terminated hedges to earnings

            (9,616 )       (9,616 )

Accretion of net deferred gain on terminated effective cash flow hedges

            (926 )       (926 )

Unrealized net loss on available for sale securities

            (7,958 )       (7,958 )

Reclassification of realized loss on available for sale securities to earnings

            8,697         8,697  

Impairment on available for sale securities

            13,518         13,518  

Dividends declared of $0.03 per share

              (631 )     (631 )

Net loss

              (12,269 )     (12,269 )
                                             

Balance at June 30, 2006

   10,516     $ 11    $ 119,455     $ 11,404     $ (22,307 )   $ 108,563  
                                             

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Sunset Financial Resources, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

 

    

Six Months Ended

June 30,

 
     2006     2005  

Cash flows from operating activities:

    

Net loss

   $ (12,269 )   $ (3,650 )

Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash provided from operations:

    

Share-based compensation expense

     76       111  

Provision for credit losses

     (74 )     5,798  

Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets

     160       182  

Amortization of premium/discount, deferred offering and securitization costs

     817       1,476  

Amortization of net deferred hedge gain

     (926 )     (312 )

Change in value of free-standing derivative

     (33 )     —    

Net gain on termination of derivative instruments

     (9,525 )     —    

Loss on sale of available for sale securities

     8,697       —    

Impairment loss on available for sale securities

     13,518       —    

Decrease (increase) in interest receivable

     1,799       (1,597 )

Decrease (increase) in other assets

     256       (14,998 )

(Decrease) increase in accrued liabilities

     (722 )     882  
                

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     1,774       (12,108 )
                

Cash flows from investing activities:

    

Purchases of available for sale securities

     (14,999 )     (408,020 )

Principal payments on available for sale securities

     107,299       90,048  

Proceeds from sales of available for sale securities

     358,446       32,324  

Purchases/funding of loans and securitized loans

     (1,109 )     (10,079 )

Principal payments on loans

     23,225       45,123  

Funding on warehouse deposits

     (4,500 )     —    

Purchase of fixed assets

     —         (9 )
                

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     468,362       (250,613 )
                

Cash flows from financing activities:

    

Net (payments) borrowings from reverse repurchase agreements

     (466,539 )     241,163  

Net (payments) on whole loan financing facilities

     —         (9,718 )

Net proceeds from issuance of junior subordinated notes

     —         19,332  

Net proceeds from swap terminations

     10,541       1,027  

Costs associated with issuance of common stock

     (12 )     —    

Dividends paid on common stock

     (631 )     (3,981 )
                

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

     (456,641 )     247,823  
                

Net increase (decrease) in cash

     13,495       (14,898 )

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period

     17,570       25,700  
                

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period

   $ 31,065     $ 10,802  
                

Supplemental disclosure:

    

Interest paid during the period

   $ 23,373     $ 12,522  

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

    

Investment in unconsolidated subsidiary with subordinated note

   $ —       $ 619  

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Sunset Financial Resources, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 – Organization

Sunset Financial Resources, Inc. was incorporated in Maryland on October 6, 2003, and completed its initial public offering of common stock on March 17, 2004. We elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (REIT) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. We had limited operations until receiving the proceeds from our initial public offering, at which time we began executing the business strategy of investing in residential mortgage related securities and commercial bridge loans. On April 27, 2006, we announced our decision to merge with Alesco Financial Trust (Alesco), subject to stockholder approval, and to enter into a management agreement with Cohen Brothers Management, LLC (Cohen). Under the operating guidelines of the management agreement, we are redeploying our assets into investments consistent with the investment strategy of the combined company, including collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and similar securitized obligations, which are collateralized by mortgage loans and other real estate-related senior and subordinated debt securities, residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), subordinated debt financings primarily in the form of trust preferred securities issued by banks and insurance companies (TruPS), and leveraged loans to small and mid-sized companies.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted in this report on Form 10-Q pursuant to the Rules and Regulations of the SEC. In our opinion, the disclosures contained in this report are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

Accounting measurements at interim dates inherently involve greater reliance on estimates than at year end, and the results of operations for the interim periods shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the fiscal year. In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (of a normal recurring nature) necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2006, the consolidated results of our operations and comprehensive operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries.

Under our revised investment strategy, we obtain an explicit or implicit interest in other entities. In each case, we evaluate the entity to determine if the entity is a variable interest entity (VIE), and, if so, whether we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 46R, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (FIN 46R). We consolidate VIEs, including CDO and CLO entities, of which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary or non-VIEs which we control. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the variable interest holder that absorbs the majority of the variability in the expected losses or the residual returns of the VIE. When determining the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consider our aggregate explicit and implicit variable interests as a single variable interest. If our single variable interest absorbs the majority of the variability in the expected losses or the residual returns of the VIE, we are considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE. We reconsider our determination of whether an entity is a VIE and whether we are the primary beneficiary of such VIE if certain events occur.

We have determined that certain special purpose trusts formed by issuers of TruPS to issue such securities are VIEs (Trust VIEs), and that the holder of the majority of the TruPS issued by the Trust VIEs would be the primary beneficiary. In some instances, we are the primary beneficiary of the Trust VIEs because we hold, either explicitly or implicitly, the majority of the TruPS issued by the Trust VIEs. Certain TruPS issued by Trust VIEs are initially financed directly by CDOs or through our warehouse facilities. Under the warehouse agreements, we deposit cash collateral with an investment bank and bear the first dollar risk of loss, up to the collateral deposit, if an investment held under the warehouse facility is liquidated at

 

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a loss. This arrangement causes us to hold an implicit interest in the Trust VIEs that issued TruPS held by warehouse providers. The primary assets of the Trust VIEs are subordinated debentures issued by the sponsors of the Trust VIEs in exchange for the TruPS proceeds. These subordinated debentures have terms that mirror the TruPS issued by the Trust VIEs. Upon consolidation of the Trust VIEs, these subordinated debentures, which are assets of the Trust VIE, are included in our financial statements as available for sale debt securities, and the related liabilities are reflected as trust preferred obligations. Pursuant to Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 85-1, “Classifying Notes Received for Capital Stock,” subordinated debentures issued to Trust VIEs as payment for common equity securities issued by Trust VIEs, are recorded net of the common equity securities issued.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, contingent assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses as of and for the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from such estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less. The carrying amount approximates fair market value. From time to time, cash balances may be subject to restrictions, such as when balances are pledged to meet margin calls related to derivative transactions or reverse repurchase agreements.

Warehouse Deposits and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Warehouse deposits represent amounts held as collateral by providers, typically investment banks, of warehouse facilities. During the accumulation period, the warehouse providers fund investments, and our collateral deposits bear the first dollar risk of loss, up to the collateral amount, if an investment is liquidated from the warehouse facility at a loss.

These warehouse financing arrangements are accounted for as off-balance sheet arrangements. Under the warehouse agreements, we are required to deposit cash collateral with the warehouse provider and, as a result, we bear the first dollar risk of loss up to the warehouse deposit, if (i) an investment funded through the warehouse facility becomes impaired or (ii) a CDO is not completed by the end of the warehouse period, and in either case, the warehouse provider is required to liquidate the securities at a loss. These off-balance sheet arrangements are not consolidated because our risk of loss is generally limited to the cash held as collateral by the warehouse providers. However, since we hold an implicit variable interest in certain entities funded under our warehouse facilities, we may be required to consolidate the Trust VIEs while the TruPS they issue are held on the warehouse facilities.

Prior to the completion of a CDO securitization that is collateralized by TruPS, warehouse providers acquire investments in accordance with the terms of the warehouse facilities. We receive the difference between the interest earned on the investments under the warehouse facilities and the interest charged by the warehouse providers from the dates on which the respective investments were acquired. The net difference earned from these warehouse facilities is considered a free-standing derivative and is recorded at fair value in the financial statements. Changes in fair value are reflected in earnings in the respective period.

Residential Mortgage Assets

Our residential mortgage assets consist of mortgage-backed securities and securitized mortgage loans, which are primarily hybrid adjustable-rate mortgages with an initial interest rate that is fixed for a certain period, usually three to seven years, and then adjusts annually for the remainder of the term of the loan. These assets are primarily securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by an agency of the U.S. government, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), or are non-agency AAA rated.

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” requires that investments in securities be designated as either “held-to-maturity,” “available-for-sale” or “trading” at the time of acquisition. Mortgage-backed securities are designated as available for sale and carried at fair value, with any unrealized gains or losses included in “Other comprehensive income or loss” as a component of stockholders’ equity.

Securitized mortgages include mortgage loans that have been transferred to a securitization trust. Although there has been a change in ownership structure, this transfer does not qualify as a sale, and is made at book value, since we maintain ownership interest in the trust. These assets are carried on the balance sheet at historical cost. Premiums or discounts are amortized or accreted into interest income over the lives of the securities using the effective yield method adjusted for the effects of estimated prepayments based on SFAS No. 91, “Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases – an amendment of FASB Statements No. 13, 60 and 65 and a rescission of FASB Statement No. 17”.

 

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The fair value of residential mortgage securities is generally based on market prices provided by dealers who make a market in these types of assets. If a price is not available, we estimate a price based on the dealer information provided adjusted for the specifics of the asset.

Debt Securities

We account for our investment in debt securities under SFAS 115, and designate each investment as a trading security, an available-for-sale security, or a held-to-maturity security based on our intent at the time of acquisition. Under SFAS No. 115, trading securities are recorded at their fair value each reporting period with fluctuations in fair value reported as a component of earnings. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Fair value of the investments is based primarily on quoted market prices from independent pricing sources when available for actively traded securities or discounted cash flow analyses developed by management using current interest rates and other market data for securities without an active market. Our estimate of fair value is subject to a high degree of variability based upon market conditions and our assumptions. Upon the sale of an available-for-sale security, the realized gain or loss is computed on a specific identification basis and will be recorded as a component of earnings in the respective period. Held-to-maturity investments are carried at amortized cost at each reporting period.

We account for our investments in subordinated debentures owned by Trust VIEs that we consolidate as available-for-sale securities. The subordinated debentures are classified as available-for-sale due to the ability of the investment bank financing the warehouse agreement to transfer TruPS during the warehouse period or the Company’s ability to exit the warehouse facility agreement, either of which could result in a deconsolidation event. These VIEs have no ability to sell, pledge, transfer or otherwise encumber the trust or the assets of the trust until such subordinated debenture’s maturity.

In accordance with SFAS No. 115, we account for our investments in the preference shares of CDO or CLO structures, which we are not determined to be the primary beneficiary under FIN 46R, as debt securities classified as available-for-sale. These investments represent retained interests in securitizations that can be contractually prepaid or otherwise settled in such a way that the holder may not recover substantially all of its recorded investment.

Other-than-Temporary Impairment

We use judgment in evaluating securities for other-than-temporary impairment. Generally, securities that have been in a continuous loss position may be evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment. However, other factors, such as government-sponsored agency guarantees, credit risk, the financial condition of the related entity and our ability and intent to hold investments until a forecasted recovery of fair value, are also considered in the evaluation. If we determine that an investment carried at amortized cost has sustained an other-than-temporary decline in its value, the asset is written down to its fair value by a charge to earnings, and a new cost basis is established for the investment. If a security that is available for sale sustains an other-than-temporary impairment, the identified impairment is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings, thereby establishing a new cost basis.

Allowance for Loan Losses

We provide an allowance for loan losses related to our loan portfolio. Loan loss provisions are based on an assessment of numerous factors affecting the portfolio of mortgage assets, including, but not limited to, current and projected economic conditions, delinquency status, credit losses to date on underlying mortgages, collateral values of properties securing loans and any remaining credit protection. Loan loss provision estimates are reviewed periodically and adjustments are reported in earnings when they become known. Loans are charged-off when, in the opinion of management, the balance is no longer collectable.

Commercial mortgage loans are evaluated for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 5 and 15,” when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect principal and interest according to contractual terms of the agreement. Any provisions recorded are based on cash flow analysis, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or, if the loan is collateral dependant, on the fair value of the collateral less the estimated costs to sell.

Fixed Assets

Long-lived assets to be used in the business generally consist of furniture, fixtures, computer equipment, software and leasehold improvements. These assets are depreciated or amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives, which range from two to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated life of the asset or the life of the lease.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

We borrow money through the use of reverse repurchase agreements. Under these repurchase agreements, we sell securities or securitized loans to a lender and agree to repurchase the same instruments at a predetermined price and date. Although structured as a sale and repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement operates as a financing under which we pledge assets as collateral to secure a loan which is equal in value to a specified percentage of the estimated fair value of the

 

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pledged collateral. We retain beneficial ownership of the pledged collateral. At the maturity of a repurchase agreement, we are required to repay the loan and concurrently receive back our pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of the lender, we may renew such agreement at the then prevailing financing rate. These repurchase agreements may require us to pledge additional assets to the lender in the event the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral declines.

Should a counterparty decide not to renew a repurchase agreement at maturity, we must either refinance elsewhere or be in a position to satisfy this obligation. To mitigate risk, we enter into repurchase agreements only with investment grade institutions.

Derivative Instruments

We enter into derivative financial instruments as a means of mitigating our interest rate risk on forecasted interest expense and to extend the duration of our short-term liabilities that fund our mortgage-related assets. All derivative financial instruments are carried on the balance sheet as assets or liabilities at fair value as required by SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”

Derivative financial instruments that qualify under SFAS No. 133 for hedge accounting are designated, based on the exposure being hedged, as either fair value or cash flow hedges. Fair value hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the change in fair value of an asset, liability or firm commitment. Under the fair value hedging model, gains or losses attributable to the change in fair value of the derivative instrument, as well as the gains and losses attributable to the change in fair value of the hedged item, are recognized in earnings in the period in which the change in fair value occurs.

Cash flow hedge relationships mitigate exposure to the variability of future cash flows or other forecasted transactions. Under the cash flow hedging model, the effective portion of the gain or loss related to the derivative instrument is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss related to the derivative instrument, if any, is recognized in earnings during the period of change. Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income are amortized to earnings in the period or periods during which the hedged item impacts earnings. For any derivative financial instruments not designated as fair value or cash flow hedges, gains and losses relating to the change in fair value are recognized in earnings during the period of change in fair value.

We formally document all hedging relationships between hedging instruments and the hedged item, as well as our risk management objective and strategy for entering into various hedge transactions. We perform an assessment, at inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the hedging relationship has been highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items and whether they are expected to continue to be highly effective in the future.

We utilize regression analysis comparing the change in the LIBOR floating leg of our interest rate swaps to the changes in cost of our short term borrowing program. Effectiveness is measured by an R2 of between 0.80 and 1.25. (R2 represents the strength of the relationship between two variables.) Any ineffectiveness, or over hedging, is recognized in interest expense. If an effective hedge is terminated, the resulting gain or loss is deferred and recognized over the remaining term of the hedge as a component of interest expense. If the anticipated short term borrowings being hedged are no longer expected to occur, we will discontinue hedge accounting. At June 30, 2006, all of our interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges.

We maintain warehouse financing arrangements with various investment banks that are accounted for as off-balance sheet arrangements. Prior to the completion of a CDO securitization that is collateralized by TruPS, warehouse providers acquire investments in accordance with the terms of the warehouse facilities. We receive the difference between the interest earned on the investments under the warehouse facilities and the interest charged by the warehouse providers from the dates on which the respective investments were acquired. The net difference earned from these warehouse facilities is considered a free-standing derivative and is recorded at fair value in the financial statements. Changes in fair value are reflected in earnings in the respective period.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

We account for the change in fair market value of our available for sale securities and the effective portion of the change in fair market value of derivative financial instruments in other comprehensive income.

Other comprehensive income (loss) does not include the impact of market value changes of any assets or liabilities that are carried at cost, such as securitized loans.

Revenue Recognition

Interest income on residential mortgage assets is accrued based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal amount of the underlying mortgages, unless we consider the collection of interest to be uncertain. Premiums and discounts

 

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associated with the purchase of investment securities are amortized into interest income over the lives of the securities using the effective interest yield adjusted for the effects of estimated prepayments based on SFAS No. 91. Adjustments are made using the retrospective method to the effective interest computation each reporting period based on the actual prepayment experiences to date.

Interest income on commercial mortgage loans is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount and the stated interest rate, unless we consider the collection of interest to be uncertain. Loans are evaluated for non-accrual status on an individual basis when payments in accordance with contractual terms are delinquent in excess of 60 days, or sooner if deemed appropriate. In general, when a loan is placed on nonaccrual, interest accrued during that period is reversed, and any future income is recognized on a cash basis. Loan fees are deferred and amortized over the expected life of the loan.

Interest income from investments in debt securities is recognized over the estimated life of the underlying financial instruments on a yield to maturity basis.

Accounting for Share-Based Compensation

We account for share-based compensation in accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment.” We record expenses for the estimated value of stock based awards for both employees and non-employees. These awards are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires assumptions related to stock price volatility, dividend yield, expected option life, and a risk free rate of return. Changes in the volatility of our stock, or other assumption changes, would affect the amount of expense recorded in our financial statements.

Income Taxes

We elected to be taxed as a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and have been taxed as such beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2004. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to currently distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will then be subject to federal income taxes on taxable income at regular corporate rates starting with that year and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service were to grant relief under certain statutory provisions.

We maintain taxable REIT subsidiaries which are subject to U.S. Federal, state and local income taxes. When necessary, current and deferred taxes are provided for the earnings related to our domestic taxable REIT subsidiaries.

Earnings per Share (EPS)

Earnings per share is calculated under SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential shares include stock options, restricted stock and warrants.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Our investments are concentrated in securities that pass through collections of principal and interest from underlying mortgages, and there is a risk that some borrowers on the underlying mortgages will default. However, we mitigate this credit risk by holding securities that are either guaranteed by government or government-sponsored agencies or have actual or implied AAA credit ratings. At June 30, 2006, 73.8% of our residential securities, including securitized loans, as measured by fair value, were agency-guaranteed.

We also have investments in commercial bridge loans, which are collateralized with real estate. We periodically evaluate collateral adequacy, and any shortage is reviewed for impairment. We have not entered into any new commercial loans since July 2005.

Our new target asset classes are in investments collateralized by leveraged loans to small and midsized companies, subordinated debt financings primarily in the form of trust preferred securities issued by banks and insurance companies, as well as residential and commercial mortgage related assets. At the balance sheet date, we did not have a significant concentration of credit risk within any of our new target asset classes.

We enter into reverse repurchase agreements and swap agreements with various counterparties, and also have cash deposits with financial institutions that exceed federally insured amounts. In the event the counterparties and financial

 

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institutions do not fulfill their obligations, we could be exposed to risk of loss. To mitigate this risk, we only enter into agreements with creditworthy institutions. We also look to establish netting arrangements with those counterparties providing both financing and hedging as a mechanism to mitigate credit risk. Under such an arrangement, any value captured in the hedge is applied towards satisfying expected margin calls due to a drop in the financed position’s market value.

Our securities portfolio and financing instruments are impacted by changes in interest rates. To mitigate a portion of the volatility caused by changing rates, we enter into derivative instruments, typically swaps, to hedge the portfolio.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.

Note 3 – Mortgage Assets

Mortgage-Backed Securities

At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, our mortgage-backed securities were classified as available-for-sale and carried at estimated fair value which was determined based on the average of third-party broker quotes received. During the quarter ended June 30, 2006 we sold securities with an amortized cost of $367.1 million for cash proceeds (fair value) of $358.4 million. The realized loss of $8.7 million, which was historically captured as a component of other comprehensive income, was reflected in the income statement for the period ended June 30, 2006. The cash proceeds after repayment of related financings was redeployed into our new target asset classes.

The following table presents the components of our mortgage-backed securities portfolio:

 

(in thousands)

   June 30, 2006     December 31, 2005  
   Agency
Securities
    Non Agency
Securities
    Total     Agency
Securities
    Non Agency
Securities
    Total  

Par value

   $ 459,344     $ 18,655     $ 477,999     $ 653,711     $ 297,189     $ 950,900  

Unamortized premium

     5,143       145       5,288       6,915       1,960       8,875  

Unamortized discount

     (1,040 )     —         (1,040 )     (1,687 )     (440 )     (2,127 )

Other-than-temporary impairment

     (12,855 )     (663 )     (13,518 )     —         —         —    
                                                

Amortized cost

     450,592       18,137       468,729       658,939       298,709       957,648  

Gross unrealized gains

     —         —         —         —         2       2  

Gross unrealized losses

     (491 )     —         (491 )     (10,034 )     (4,716 )     (14,750 )
                                                

Estimated fair value

   $ 450,101     $ 18,137     $ 468,238     $ 648,905     $ 293,995     $ 942,900  
                                                

Each quarter we review our securities to determine whether a decline in fair value below our amortized cost basis is other than temporary, as defined in SFAS 115. At June 30, 2006, we concluded that unrealized losses on certain of our mortgage-backed securities represented other-than-temporary impairments since we did not intend to hold these securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery in fair value. Accordingly, we reclassified impairment losses of $13.5 million on these securities from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings at June 30, 2006. In July 2006, these securities, with an amortized cost and fair value at June 30, 2006 of $464.2 million and 450.7 million, respectively, were sold.

The remaining unrealized losses at June 30, 2006, of $491,000 related to 11 agency securities with an amortized cost basis of 18.0 million. Of these remaining unrealized losses, we do not believe they represent, individually or in the aggregate as of June 30, 2006, other-than-temporary impairments. The unrealized losses are primarily a result of changes in interest rates and will not prohibit us from receiving our contractual interest and principal payments. We have the ability to hold these securities for a period necessary to recover the amortized cost and, at June 30, 2006, had not determined a timeframe, if any, for the disposition of these securities.

The following table reflects the par value of the portfolio by remaining fixed interest periods for the investment securities portfolio at June 30, 2006. The floating rate mortgage-backed securities are backed by loans indexed off one-month LIBOR and the 12-month Moving Treasury Average Index.

 

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     Agency Securities    Non-Agency Securities

Interest reset profile (in thousands)

   Par Value   

Avg. Months to

Reset

   Par
Value
  

Avg. Months to

Reset

Floating

   $ 12,938    1    $ —      —  

Less than 36 months

     18,944    19      —      —  

36 – 60 months

     370,415    40      18,655    39

61 – 84 months

     57,047    74      —      —  
                       

Total

   $ 459,344    43    $ 18,655    39
                       

Securitized Mortgage Loans

At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, our securitized residential mortgage loans were carried at historical cost, net of unamortized premium or discount and fees. The balances by original fixed period are summarized in the following table:

 

Initial Fixed Term

(in thousands)

   June 30, 2006    December 31, 2005
   Loan Balance    Premium    Book Value    Loan Balance    Premium    Book Value

3 year fixed

   $ 4,410    $ 134    $ 4,544    $ 4,893    $ 149    $ 5,042

5 year fixed

     47,830      1,333      49,163      53,550      1,492      55,042

7 year fixed (and other)

     95,033      391      95,424      99,867      446      100,313
                                         
   $ 147,273    $ 1,858    $ 149,131    $ 158,310    $ 2,087    $ 160,397

Deferred loan cost

     —        190      190      —        205      205
                                         

Total balance

   $ 147,273    $ 2,048    $ 149,321    $ 158,310    $ 2,292    $ 160,602
                                         

The fair value of the securitized mortgage loans at June 30, 2006 was $141.9 million. The difference between fair value and book value represents unrealized losses as a result of increases in interest rates, and will not prohibit us from receiving our contractual interest and principal payments.

At June 30, 2006, the average months to reset for the 3-, 5- and 7-year categories were 7, 30 and 59 months, respectively. The securitized loan portfolio as a whole had an average remaining fixed period of 46 months.

At June 30, 2006, two loans totaling $2.0 million, or 1.4% of the securitized loan balance, were 30 days past due in the residential loan portfolio, one loan for $221,000, or 0.15% of the securitized loan balance, was 180 days past due and in foreclosure, and one loan for $67,000 was in bankruptcy. At December 31, 2005, two loans totaling $600,000 (including the $221,000 loan referenced above), or 0.38% of the securitized loan balance, were 30 days past due, and one loan for $68,000 was in bankruptcy.

Commercial Mortgage Loans

Our commercial loans are carried on the balance sheet at historical cost, which, net of allowance for loan losses, approximates fair value, and are summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

Type of Property

   Interest Rate     Location    Participation    Maturity   

June 30,

2006

   

December 31,

2005

 

Resort development (Peerless)

   13 %   NC    No    Matured    $ 11,745     $ 16,647  

Cemetery/funeral home (Rightstar)

   10 %   HI    Yes    Matured      5,658       5,658  

Multi-sport facility (Coliseum)

   12 %   NJ    No    Matured      100       4,700  

Retail development

   11 %   FL    No    Paid      —         2,739  
                           
                17,503       29,744  

Deferred fees

                (—   )     (397 )
                           

Commercial mortgage balance

              $ 17,503     $ 29,347  
                           

Allowance for Loan Losses

We evaluate commercial loans for possible impairment under SFAS No. 114. The following is a discussion of each loan with a remaining principal balance at June 30, 2006:

Rightstar Cemetery/Funeral Home. We have a participation interest (approximately 20%) in a loan collateralized by cemetery/funeral home properties in Hawaii. This loan has been in default since 2004, and during the second quarter of 2005, we determined that the loan was impaired and that the loan should be reserved in full. At June 30, 2006, the loan continued to be fully impaired. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, no interest income was recorded on this loan.

 

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We continue to incur legal fees of approximately $25,000 monthly related to the collection of this loan, which are expensed as incurred. Under terms of the Intercreditor Agreement, we may also be responsible for our respective portion of future expenses related to preservation of collateral. We anticipate that future expenditures related to the preservation of collateral will not be material.

On October 7, 2005, we filed suit against the other two participating creditors in the loan, Owens Mortgage Investment Fund and Vestin Mortgage, Inc., for violation of certain provisions under the Intercreditor Agreement. The outcome of this lawsuit cannot be determined at this time.

Coliseum Sport Facility. The Coliseum loan went into default during the first quarter of 2005, a court-ordered receiver was put in place and we were allowed to market the property for sale. On November 4, 2005, we received a signed contract for sale, subject to court approval. Using the contracted price, and accounting for carrying costs, commission and other transactions costs, we concluded that the net realizable value of the collateral securing the loan was less than the carrying value of the loan, and an impairment charge of $1.2 million was required for the period ended September 30, 2005. On January 31, 2006, the collateral was sold for net proceeds of $3.5 million, which approximated our loan balance. In March 2006, $3.4 million of the proceeds was released to us. The remaining $100,000 is still under court control; however, we anticipate that this balance will be released to us following mediation procedures. Although the collateral was sold, we retained all our rights and remedies under the original note agreement against the Guarantor as it relates to the deficiency arising from the sale of the loan collateral, including interest and legal fees and are pursuing collection of this deficiency.

Peerless Resort Development. The Peerless loan, which is collateralized by a development to consist of approximately 900 residential lots, matured on June 7, 2006, at which time all outstanding principal and interest became due and payable. While the borrowers made substantial progress on reducing the principal balance by $4.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2006, they were unable to pay the loan in full at maturity, and we gave the borrowers notice of default.

At June 30, 2006, we assessed the loan for impairment and concluded that the net realizable value of the collateral securing the loan exceeded the loan balance, including accrued interest of $152,000, and no impairment charge was required. The borrowers continue to develop the property and are beginning to market the lots for sale to potential home owners. Discussions with the borrowers are ongoing regarding the status of the development and the plans for repayment of the loan balance.

In addition to a specific review of each commercial loan, we provide for loan losses by making a general assessment of the overall loan portfolio. Based on our review for the period ended June 30, 2006, we reduced the general assessment by $70,000.

Note 4 – Debt Securities

Our investment in debt securities at June 30, 2006, included the purchase, for $15.0 million, of 46% of the preferred equity, which is characterized as debt, of an entity that issues loan obligations which are collateralized by leveraged loans.

Under FIN 46R, we are required to consolidate the subordinated debentures of the Trust VIEs of which we are determined to be the primary beneficiary. We have consolidated $35.0 million of subordinated debentures issued by Trust VIE’s as of June 30, 2006.

These debt securities are classified as available for sale, and at June 30, 2006, the carrying value approximated fair value.

 

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Note 5 – Hedging

As of June 30, 2006, we had a portion of our interest rate risk hedged with interest rate swaps (designated as cash flow hedges), which also extended the duration of our short term borrowings. Total notional outstanding at June 30, 2006 was $407.1 million with a fair market value of $12.2 million maturing as follows:

 

(in thousands)

   Notional    Avg Fixed Rate  

Maturing in less than one year

   $ —      —   %

Maturing between one and two years

     30,000    4.29  

Maturing between two and three years

     10,000    4.20  

Maturing between three and five years

     367,100    4.63  
             

Total

   $ 407,100    4.59 %
             

As of June 30, 2006, no swaps were in a loss position and 10 swaps were in a gain position totaling $12.2 million. We have counterparty credit risk related to the swaps in a gain position. At June 30, 2006, our maximum net credit exposure to a single counterparty was $4.8 million. To mitigate this risk, we only enter into swap transactions with investment grade institutions. Additionally, at June 30, 2006, one counterparty had posted collateral with us with a fair value of $2.4 million.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2006, swaps with a notional balance of $536.6 million were terminated. Of these, notional of $13.0 million were terminated in the ordinary course of business at a gain of $135,000, which was deferred and will be amortized into interest expense over the remaining original term of the swap. The remaining notional of $523.6 million was terminated in conjunction with the sale of securities and repayment of reverse repurchase agreements. Since this transaction was part of our strategy to redeploy our assets into other target assets, it is probable that the forecasted transactions (variable rate interest payments) that were hedged with these swaps will not occur; therefore, the gain on the termination of these swaps of $9.6 million was recorded directly to earnings. During the quarter ended March 31, 2006, swaps with a notional balance of $117.7 million were de-designated as cash flow hedges, and subsequently terminated on March 30, 2006. At the time of de-designation, the swaps were in an unrealized gain position of $881,000, which will be accreted into interest expense over the remaining term of the swaps. From the time of de-designation through the termination of the swaps, the market value of the swaps declined by $91,000, and such loss was recorded directly to earnings.

Note 6 – Debt

Junior Subordinated Notes

On March 15, 2005, Sunset Financial Statutory Trust I, a Delaware statutory trust (the Preferred Trust) and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, completed a private offering of $20 million of trust preferred securities. The Preferred Trust used the proceeds of the private offering, together with our $619,000 investment in the Preferred Trust common securities, to purchase $20.6 million aggregate principal amount of our Junior Subordinated Notes with terms that mirror the terms of the trust preferred securities.

The trust preferred securities and the subordinated notes bear interest at 90-day LIBOR plus 4.15% (approximately 9.11% at June 30, 2006), payable quarterly in arrears, and generally may not be redeemed prior to March 30, 2010. The maturity date of subordinated notes is March 30, 2035.

The Preferred Trust is a variable interest entity pursuant to FIN No. 46(R) because the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have adequate decision making ability over the Preferred Trust’s activities. Because our investment in the Preferred Trust’s common securities was financed directly by the Preferred Trust as a result of its loan of the proceeds to us, that investment is not considered to be an equity investment at risk pursuant to FIN No. 46(R), and we are not the primary beneficiary of the Preferred Trust. Therefore, the financial statements of the Preferred Trust are not consolidated with our financial statements, and our financial statements present the subordinated notes issued to the Preferred Trust as a liability, and the investment in the Preferred Trust as an asset. As of June 30, 2006, no event had occurred that might have a significant adverse effect on the carrying value of the our $619,000 investment in the Preferred Trust.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

We have arrangements to enter into reverse repurchase agreements with 14 financial institutions under facilities totaling $2.5 billion. Outstanding at June 30, 2006 was $565.3 million with a weighted average rate of 5.29% and a weighted average remaining maturity of 24 days. Actual maturity dates ranged from July to September 2006. Securities and securitized loans pledged as collateral on the reverse repurchase agreements had a carrying value and fair value of $610.1 million and $589.4 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2006.

 

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As of June 30, 2006, we had amounts outstanding under repurchase agreements with eight lenders with a maximum net exposure (the difference between the amount loaned to us and the estimated fair value of the security pledged by us as collateral) of $24.2 million to all eight lenders, of which 66.9% was with two counterparties.

The following table summarizes the maturities of our reverse repurchase agreements (in thousands):

 

Maturing

  

June 30,

2006

  

December 31,

2005

Overnight

   $ —      $ —  

Within 30 days

     292,820      423,860

30 to 90 days

     44,427      128,948

Over 90 days

     228,045      479,023
             

Total

   $ 565,292    $ 1,031,831
             

Note 7 – Stockholders’ Equity

During the six-months ended June 30, 2006, there were no awards of restricted stock or stock options, 9,667 shares of restricted stock vested and 3,500 shares of restricted stock were forfeited. For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2006, compensation expense of $25,000 and $76,000, respectively, was recognized related to previously issued restricted stock and stock options. For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2005, compensation expense of $35,000 and $111,000, respectively, was recognized related to previously issued restricted stock and stock options.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss at June 30, 2006 consisted of $491,000 accumulated loss related to the mark to market of available-for-sale investment securities, $12.2 million accumulated gain related to the mark to market of interest rate swaps, and $269,000 accumulated net deferred loss on terminated effective cash flow hedges.

Note 8 – Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock. A reconciliation of the basic and diluted weighted average shares is as follows:

 

      Three Months Ended
June 30,
    Six Months Ended
June 30,
 

(in thousands except per share data)

   2006     2005     2006     2005  

Net loss allocable to common stockholders

   $ (13,247 )   $ (5,093 )   $ (12,269 )   $ (3,650 )
                                

Weighted average common shares outstanding (basic)

     10,481       10,475       10,478       10,465  

Assumed shares issued under treasury stock method for stock options and restricted stock

     —         —         —         —    
                                

Adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding (diluted)

     10,481       10,475       10,478       10,465  
                                

Basic and diluted net loss per common share

   $ (1.26 )   $ (0.49 )   $ (1.17 )   $ (0.35 )

Antidilutive common stock equivalents excluded:

        

Common stock options and restricted stock

     141       272       141       272  

Common stock warrants

     233       233       233       233  

Note 9 – Income Taxes

We elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with the tax year ended December 31, 2004. In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to 90% of our REIT taxable income. For each of the first and second quarters of 2006, we declared and paid dividends of $315,000, or $0.03 per common share.

 

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The schedule below is provided to reconcile GAAP net income to estimated taxable income for the six-month period ended June 30, 2006:

 

(in thousands)

   Total  

GAAP net income

   $ (12,269 )

Charge-off against loan loss provision

     (1,166 )

Capital loss carryover

     1,166  

Impairment on securities

     13,518  

Capital loss on sale of securities

     8,697  

Capitalized transaction-related costs

     975  

Non-accrued interest income on commercial loans

     69  

Stock based compensation

     10  

Other

     71  
        

Estimated taxable income

   $ 11,071  
        

Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies

In the event our merger transaction with Alesco is consummated, compensation of $1.3 million will be due to our bankers. Additionally, compensation pursuant to the terms of certain employment and separation agreements totaling $1.7 million will be due.

In the event the merger transaction is not consummated, under certain circumstances outlined in the merger agreement we would be required to pay Alesco a break-up fee of $3.3 million.

We are a party to various legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently involved in any litigation nor to our knowledge, is any litigation threatened against us, the outcome of which would, in our judgment based on information currently available to us, have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Note 11 – Management Agreement

On April 27, 2006, we entered into a management agreement with Cohen under which Cohen assists us in the implementation of the investment strategy outlined in the agreement, subject to approval by our board of directors. The agreement is in effect until 90 days after the earlier of (i) the date on which the merger with Alesco is consummated and (ii) the date of termination of the merger agreement. Under certain circumstances in the event the merger agreement is terminated, we shall have the option, during the 90-day period following a termination event, to retain Cohen as manager. During the term of the agreement, we pay the manager a base management fee monthly in arrears, calculated as 1/12th of equity (adjusted for transaction-related expenses) multiplied by 1.5%. For the period ended June 30, 2006, fees for manager services totaled $234,000.

If the merger agreement is terminated (i) by Alesco due to our breach or failure to perform in any material respect in our representations, warranties or covenants contained in the merger agreement and we are unable to satisfy the condition by a certain date, or (ii) by either Alesco or us if the consummation of the merger shall not have occurred on or before October 31, 2006, subject to certain provisions, then we shall pay to Cohen a termination fee equal to the amount of three times the annualized base management fee.

Note 12 – Subsequent Events

Asset Redeployment

During July 2006, we sold mortgage-backed securities with a carrying value and fair value at June 30, 2006, of $464.2 million and $450.7 million, respectively, repaid $433.3 million of reverse repurchase agreements and terminated $292.1 million notional of interest rate swaps with a fair value at June 30, 2006 of $8.9 million. Upon sale of the securities, we realized a loss of $13.5 million, which was recorded as an impairment loss at June 30, 2006. Additionally, upon termination of the hedges, a gain of $8.9 million, equal to the fair value of the hedges, was realized.

The net proceeds from this series of transactions of approximately $26.3 million, combined with cash on hand, were used to purchase, for $30.0 million, the preferred equity of an entity that funds debt obligations collateralized by mortgage-related assets. The remaining carrying value and fair value of our residential mortgage-related securities after this sale was approximately $167.2 million and $159.5 million, respectively. The remaining notional of reverse repurchase agreements and interest rate swap agreements was $132.0 million and $115.0 million, respectively.

 

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Separation Agreement

On July 12, 2006, the Company and George O. Deehan entered into a Separation Agreement and General Release, pursuant to which Mr. Deehan resigned his position as our Chief Executive Officer and director, effective July 14, 2006.

Under terms of the Separation Agreement, we agreed to pay Mr. Deehan a gross amount of $550,000, less applicable taxes and lawful deductions, payable in 12 equal installments. Mr. Deehan was previously granted non-qualified stock options to purchase 5,000 shares of our common stock, with an exercise price of $9.77 per share. All these options have vested and must be exercised on or before August 13, 2006 or will be forfeited. We had also previously made two grants of shares of restricted stock to Mr. Deehan. The first grant for 2,000 shares has fully vested and, pursuant to the terms of the Separation Agreement, the other 5,000 shares fully vested as of the date of the Separation Agreement. We and Mr. Deehan agreed that neither shall have any further liabilities, rights, duties or obligations to the other party in connection with Mr. Deehan’s employment with the Company, and both the Company and Mr. Deehan released the other from any other claims, subject to certain exceptions. Compensation expense awarded under the Separation Agreement will be recorded in the financial statements in full in July 2006.

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. Historical results and trends which might appear should not be taken as indicative of future operations. Our results of operations and financial condition, as reflected in the accompanying statements and related footnotes, are subject to management’s evaluation and interpretation of business conditions, changing capital market conditions, and other factors.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in the Form 10-Q, including without limitation statements regarding the objectives of management for future operations and statements containing the words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Such forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions which may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those anticipated or implied by the forward-looking statements. These risks include our failure to successfully execute our business plan, our inability to gain access to additional financing, the limited availability of additional loan portfolios for future acquisition, our failure to maintain REIT status, the cost of capital, as well as the additional risks and uncertainties detailed in our periodic reports and registration statements filed with the SEC. We disclaim any obligation to update any such statements or publicly announce any updates or revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectation with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions, circumstances or assumptions underlying such statements.

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On a regular basis, we evaluate these estimates, including asset impairment and provision for doubtful accounts. These estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Executive Overview

We were formed as a Maryland corporation in October 2003 to acquire, on a leveraged basis, a portfolio of residential mortgage assets and commercial mortgage bridge loans (including loans that we own jointly with others) in the United States. We finance and manage a portfolio of mortgage assets that primarily consists of agency mortgage-backed and “AAA” rated securities and residential mortgage and commercial mortgage bridge loans. Our principal business objective is to generate income for distribution to our stockholders by earning a positive spread between the interest income on our assets and the interest expense (including hedge costs) on financing those assets.

In October 2005, the special committee of our board of directors engaged Banc of America Securities LLC to perform a review of our business plan and to advise the special committee regarding exploring other alternatives to maximize shareholder value. On April 27, 2006, after an extensive analysis of our strategic alternatives, we entered into a definitive agreement, subject to stockholder approval, to merge with Alesco Financial Trust (Alesco), a specialty finance REIT based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Concurrent with signing the merger agreement, we also entered into an interim management agreement with Cohen Brothers Management, LLC (Cohen), the external manager of Alesco. Under terms of this agreement, effective immediately, Cohen began assisting us in redeploying our assets into the following target asset classes, subject to oversight by our board of directors:

 

    Mortgage loans and other real estate related senior and subordinated debt, residential mortgage-backed securities, and commercial mortgage-backed securities;

 

    Subordinated debt financings originated by Cohen or third parties, primarily in the form of trust preferred securities issued by banks, bank holding companies and insurance companies, and surplus notes issued by insurance companies; and

 

    Leveraged loans made to small and mid-sized companies in a variety of industries characterized by relatively low volatility and overall leverage, including the consumer products and manufacturing industries.

 

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The redeployment of our assets began in May 2006, and will continue over the next few months as investment opportunities in these new target asset classes arise. By implementing this revised strategy, we are moving our existing assets into what we believe will be higher yielding investments, which we anticipate will provide improved financial results.

Alesco, a specialty finance REIT, completed a $111 million Rule 144A equity offering in January 2006 and, as of March 31, 2006, had approximately $2.2 billion in assets. Cohen, a leading asset management firm based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, currently has approximately $17.0 billion in assets under management, including over $7.0 billion in trust preferred securities issued by banks and insurance companies. Cohen is a market leader in trust preferred securities to these sectors, with an estimated 35% market share.

A summary of our second quarter activities follows:

 

    Entered into an interim management agreement with Cohen.

 

    Began redeploying our residential portfolio:

 

    Sold mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $358.4 million;

 

    Paid off reverse repurchase agreements with a notional of $408.3 million;

 

    Terminated interest rate swaps with a notional of $536.6 million; and

 

    Recognized a net gain on these transactions of $919,000, comprised of a loss on the sale of the securities of $8.7 million offset by a gain on the termination of swaps of $9.6 million. The losses on the securities sales and the gains on the hedge terminations were historically reflected in other comprehensive income, and were reclassified into income upon the sale and termination transactions.

 

    Planned for additional asset redeployment during the third quarter:

 

    Identified mortgage-backed securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $464.2 million and $450.7 million, respectively, for sale in July. Because we had these securities identified for sale at June 30, 2006, and therefore would not be able to hold the securities for a time sufficient to recover the unrealized losses, under SFAS 115, any unrealized losses on these securities as of June 30, 2006, were considered to be other-than-temporary in nature, and the securities were therefore considered impaired. Accordingly, while the losses were not realized until July 2006, under SFAS 115 we were required to reclassify the impairment charge of $13.5 million from other comprehensive income to the income statement for the period ending June 30, 2006;

 

    Identified reverse repurchase agreement with a notional of $433.3 for repayment in July; and

 

    Identified swaps with a notional of $292.1 million and a fair value of $8.9 million for termination in July. While in economic terms the gain on the termination of the swaps in July offset some of the loss incurred on the sale of the securities in July, as stated above, the loss on the securities was recognized as an impairment in the income statement for the period ended June 30, 2006, while the gain on the termination of the swaps will be reflected in the third quarter income statement.

 

    The combined impact of our asset redeployment process through this July transaction, including securities sales and swap terminations, has resulted in a net loss of $3.7 million. This net amount represents the difference between the amortized cost and fair value of the securities sold, combined with the fair value of the interest rate swaps at the date of termination, which, prior to sale and termination, were reflected as mark-to-market adjustments in other comprehensive income.

 

    Entered into investments as outlined in the interim management agreement:

 

    Deposited $4.5 million on a warehouse line of credit, which funds investments in trust preferred securities; and

 

    Purchased, for $15.0 million, 46% of the preferred equity of an entity that issues loan obligations which are collateralized by leveraged loans.

 

    Reduced the principal balance of our commercial mortgage loans by $4.0 million.

During the first quarter of 2006, the Federal Reserve continued its tightening by raising the short term borrowing rate (the Federal Funds Target Rate) to 5.25%. On June 30, 2004, the Federal Reserve began a series of Federal Funds Target

 

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Rate increases, which have resulted in the Federal Funds Target Rate increasing from 1.00% at June 30, 2004, to 5.25% at June 30, 2006. The following table presents various rate increases during the first quarter of 2006:

 

Instrument

  

Second-Quarter

Increase

   

Rate at

June 30, 2006

 

LIBOR

   0.50 %   5.33 %

On-the run 2-year Treasury Note

   0.33 %   5.15 %

On-the run 5-year Treasury Note

   0.28 %   5.09 %

On-the run 10-year Treasury Note

   0.29 %   5.14 %

The yields on our portfolio of mortgage-backed securities are affected by movements in both short and long term rates. Conversely, our reverse repurchase agreement debt carries interest rates that are set based on short-term interest rates only (the short end of the yield curve). As the effect of Federal Reserve actions are reflected in higher LIBOR rates, our funding costs increase as our repurchase agreements mature and are renewed at the then current rates. This has resulted in a tightening of the net interest spread on our residential portfolio. However, our use of interest rate swaps effectively converts a portion of our floating rate debt to fixed rate, thereby limiting our exposure to rising rates, and allowing us to maintain or improve our spreads. Additionally, prepayment speeds for our second quarter were 18 CPR, up from 17 CPR for the first quarter, but down from 22 CPR during the fourth quarter of 2005.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and contingencies as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We evaluate our judgments, estimates and assumptions on an on-going basis. We base our estimates on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these critical accounting policies and estimates with the audit committee of the board of directors. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant estimates, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Classification of Investment Securities

Our investments in mortgage-backed and debt securities are classified as available-for-sale securities, which are carried on the balance sheet at their fair value. The classification of the securities as available-for-sale results in changes in fair value being recorded as adjustments to accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, which is a component of stockholders’ equity, rather than immediately through earnings. If available-for-sale securities were classified as trading securities, we could experience substantially greater volatility in income or loss from period to period.

We account for our investments in subordinated debentures owned by Trust VIEs that we consolidate as available-for-sale securities. These VIEs have no ability to sell, pledge, transfer or otherwise encumber the trust or the assets of the trust until such subordinated debenture’s maturity.

In accordance with SFAS No. 115, we account for our investments in the preference shares of CDO or CLO structures, which we are not determined to be the primary beneficiary under FIN 46R, as debt securities classified as available-for-sale. These investments represent retained interests in securitizations that can be contractually prepaid or otherwise settled in such a way that the holder may not recover substantially all of its recorded investment.

Valuation of Mortgage and Debt Securities

Our mortgage-backed securities have fair values determined by management based on the average of third-party broker quotes received. Because the price estimates may vary to some degree between sources, we must make certain judgments and assumptions about the appropriate price to use to calculate the fair values for financial reporting purposes. Different judgments and assumptions could result in different presentations of value.

Fair value of investments in debt securities is based primarily on quoted market prices from independent pricing sources when available for actively traded securities or discounted cash flow analyses developed by management using current interest rates and other market data for securities without an active market. The estimate of fair value is subject to a high degree of variability based upon market conditions and other assumptions.

When the fair value of an available-for-sale security is less than amortized cost, we consider whether there is an other-than-temporary impairment in the value of the security. We consider several factors when evaluating securities for an other-than-temporary impairment, including the length of time and extent to which the market value has been less than the amortized cost, current market conditions and the continued intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. If we determine an other-than-temporary impairment exists, the cost basis of the security is written down to the then-current fair value, and the unrealized loss is recorded as a reduction of current earnings. The determination of other-than-temporary impairment is a subjective process, requiring the use of judgments and assumptions; therefore, different judgments and assumptions could affect the timing of loss realization.

 

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Allowance for Loan Losses

Our mortgage assets consist of mortgage-backed securities, residential loans and commercial mortgage bridge loans. Due to the credit quality of our mortgage-backed securities, which are issued or guaranteed by an agency of the government, typically Fannie Mae, or are non-agency AAA rated, we do not establish a loss reserve on these securities. In establishing our allowance for loan loss policy on our securitized loan portfolio, we utilize publicly available information regarding losses realized on similar types of assets. In addition, our commercial mortgages are evaluated individually for impairment. Any loan past due in excess of 60 days is evaluated, but other loans may be included in this analysis based on specific facts and circumstances. All impaired loans are evaluated in accordance with SFAS No. 114, which requires that impaired loans be evaluated based on a discounted cash flow analysis, or, if the loan is considered collateral dependent, on the fair value of the collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Any specific allowance is established as a component of the allowance for loan losses. The ultimate net realizable value of the collateral securing our mortgage loans may impact any actual losses incurred.

Revenue Recognition

Interest income on residential mortgage assets is accrued based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal amount of the underlying mortgages, unless management considers the collection of interest to be uncertain. Premiums and discounts associated with the purchase of investment securities are amortized into interest income over the lives of the securities using the effective interest yield adjusted for the effects of estimated prepayments based on SFAS No. 91. Adjustments are made using the retrospective method to the effective interest computation each reporting period based on the actual prepayment experiences to date. Changes in the rate of future prepayment streams would affect the recognition of income related to the amortization of premiums and discounts.

Interest income on commercial mortgage loans is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount and the stated interest rate, unless we consider the collection of interest to be uncertain. Loans are evaluated for non-accrual status on an individual basis when delinquent in excess of 60 days, or sooner if deemed appropriate.

Interest income from investments in debt securities is recognized over the estimated life of the underlying financial instruments on a yield-to-maturity basis.

Accounting for Equity-Based Compensation

We account for stock based awards in accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 (revised), “Share-Based Payment”. We record expenses for the estimated value of stock based awards for both employees and non-employees. These awards are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model requires assumptions related to stock price volatility, dividend yield, expected option life, and a risk free rate of return. Changes in the volatility of our stock, or other assumption changes, would affect the amount of expense recorded on stock based awards.

Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

We enter into derivative financial instruments as a means of mitigating our interest rate risk on forecasted interest expense. All derivative financial instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, are carried on the balance sheet as assets or liabilities at fair value as required by SFAS No. 133.

We formally document all hedging relationships between hedging instruments and the hedged item, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for entering into various hedge transactions. We perform an assessment, at inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the hedging relationship has been highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items and whether they are expected to continue to be highly effective in the future. Any ineffectiveness, or over hedging, is recognized in interest expense. If we decided not to designate the interest rate swaps as hedges and to monitor their effectiveness as hedges, changes in the fair values of these instruments would be recorded in our statement of operations, potentially resulting in increased volatility in our earnings. Additionally, to the extent that we hedge more or less of our floating rate debt, there would be an effect on interest expense.

For additional information on accounting policies see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”

Financial Condition

Net assets (total assets less liabilities) were $108.6 million at June 30, 2006, down $1.0 million from March 31, 2006 and up $1.6 million from December 31, 2005. During the quarter ended June 30, 2006, we began redeploying our residential mortgage assets into new asset classes as outlined in our management agreement. Mortgage assets with a fair value of $358.4 million were sold, and the net cash proceeds after repayment of associated reverse repurchase agreements, were invested in

 

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new assets classes. Total assets at June 30, 2006, were $731.4 million, and were comprised of residential mortgage-related assets, commercial bridge loans and investments in new target assets, including a warehouse line for issuance of TruPS and a preferred equity investment in a CLO entity.

Residential Mortgage Assets

At June 30, 2006, our residential assets were comprised of $468.2 million of mortgage backed available for sale securities and $149.3 million remaining balance of purchased loans that were securitized in 2004 and carried at amortized cost.

The mortgage backed securities portfolio consists of AAA rated securities and agency securities that are issued or guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. government. Other characteristics of these securities at June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are outlined in the following table:

 

      June 30, 2006     December 31, 2005  

(in thousands)

   Agency
Securities
    Non Agency
Securities
    Total     Agency
Securities
    Non Agency
Securities
    Total  

Par value

   $ 459,344     $ 18,655     $ 477,999     $ 653,711     $ 297,189     $ 950,900  

Unamortized premium

     5,143       145       5,288       6,915       1,960       8,875  

Unamortized discount

     (1,040 )     —         (1,040 )     (1,687 )     (440 )     (2,127 )

Other-than-temporary impairment

     (12,855 )     (663 )     (13,518 )     —         —         —    
                                                

Amortized cost

     450,592       18,137       468,729       658,939       298,709       957,648  

Gross unrealized gains

     —         —         —         —         2       2  

Gross unrealized losses

     (491 )     —         (491 )     (10,034 )     (4,716 )     (14,750 )
                                                

Estimated fair value

   $ 450,101     $ 18,137     $ 468,238     $ 648,905     $ 293,995     $ 942,900  
                                                

At June 30, 2006, the agency securities had a weighted average coupon of 4.68% with an average of 43 months to reset, and the non-agency securities had a weighted average coupon of 4.70% with an average of 39 months to reset.

Each quarter we review our securities to determine whether a decline in fair value below our amortized cost basis is other than temporary, as defined in SFAS 115. At June 30, 2006, we concluded that unrealized losses on certain of our mortgage-backed securities represented other-than-temporary impairments since we did not intend to hold these securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery in fair value. Accordingly, we reclassified impairment losses of $13.5 million on these securities from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings at June 30, 2006. In July 2006, these securities, with an amortized cost and fair value at June 30, 2006 of $464.2 million and 450.7 million, respectively, were sold.

The remaining unrealized losses at June 30, 2006, of $491,000 related to 11 agency securities with an amortized cost basis of 18.0 million. Of these remaining unrealized losses, we do not believe they represent, individually or in the aggregate as of June 30, 2006, other-than-temporary impairments. The unrealized losses are primarily a result of changes in interest rates and will not prohibit us from receiving our contractual interest and principal payments. We have the ability to hold these securities for a period necessary to recover the amortized cost and, at June 30, 2006, had not determined a timeframe, if any, for the disposition of these securities.

At June 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, our residential mortgage loans, including securitized loans, consisted primarily of hybrid adjustable rate mortgages and were carried on the balance sheet at historical cost less premium amortization. The loan balances by original fixed period are summarized in the following table:

 

Initial Fixed Term

(in thousands)

   June 30, 2006    December 31, 2005
   Loan Balance    Premium    Book Value    Loan Balance    Premium    Book Value

3 year fixed

   $ 4,410    $ 134    $ 4,544    $ 4,893    $ 149    $ 5,042

5 year fixed

     47,830      1,333      49,163      53,550      1,492      55,042

7 year fixed (and other)

     95,033      391      95,424      99,867      446      100,313
                                         
   $ 147,273    $ 1,858    $ 149,131    $ 158,310    $ 2,087    $ 160,397

Deferred loan cost

     —        190      190      —        205      205
                                         

Total balance

   $ 147,273    $ 2,048    $ 149,321    $ 158,310    $ 2,292    $ 160,602
                                         

 

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The fair value of the securitized mortgage loans at June 30, 2006 was $141.9 million. The difference between fair value and book value represents unrealized losses as a result of increases in interest rates, and will not prohibit us from receiving our contractual interest and principal payments.

At June 30, 2006, the residential mortgage loans had a weighted average coupon of 4.57% with an average of 46 months to reset. Additionally, at June 30, 2006, two loans totaling $2.0 million, or 1.4% of the securitized loan balance, were 30 days past due in the residential loan portfolio, one loan for $221,000, or 0.15% of the securitized loan balance, was 180 days past due and in foreclosure, and one loan for $67,000 was in bankruptcy.

Commercial Assets

In addition to the residential loans, we have a portfolio of commercial mortgage bridge loans. These loans are carried at par, less unamortized deferred fees. The following table outlines the relevant characteristics of the commercial loans:

 

Type of Property

   Interest Rate     Location    Participation    Maturity   

June 30,

2006

   

December 31,

2005

 

Resort development (Peerless)

   13 %   NC    No    Matured    $ 11,745     $ 16,647  

Cemetery/funeral home (Rightstar)

   10 %   HI    Yes    Matured      5,658       5,658  

Multi-sport facility (Coliseum)

   12 %   NJ    No    Matured      100       4,700  

Retail development

   11 %   FL    No    Paid      —         2,739  
                           
                17,503       29,744  

Deferred fees

                (—   )     (397 )
                           

Commercial mortgage balance

              $ 17,503     $ 29,347  
                           

We evaluate commercial loans for possible impairment under SFAS No. 114. The following is a discussion of each loan with a remaining principal balance at June 30, 2006:

Rightstar Cemetery/Funeral Home. We have a participation interest (approximately 20%) in a loan collateralized by cemetery/funeral home properties in Hawaii. This loan has been in default since 2004, and during the second quarter of 2005, we determined that the loan was impaired and that the loan should be reserved in full. At June 30, 2006, the loan continued to be fully impaired. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, no interest income was recorded on this loan.

We continue to incur legal fees of approximately $25,000 monthly related to the collection of this loan, which are expensed as incurred. Under terms of the Intercreditor Agreement, we may also be responsible for our respective portion of future expenses related to preservation of collateral. We anticipate that future expenditures related to the preservation of collateral will not be material.

On October 7, 2005, we filed suit against the other two participating creditors in the loan, Owens Mortgage Investment Fund and Vestin Mortgage, Inc., for violation of certain provisions under the Intercreditor Agreement. The outcome of this lawsuit cannot be determined at this time.

Coliseum Sport Facility. The Coliseum loan went into default during the first quarter of 2005, a court-ordered receiver was put in place and we were allowed to market the property for sale. On November 4, 2005, we received a signed contract for sale, subject to court approval. Using the contracted price, and accounting for carrying costs, commission and other transactions costs, we concluded that the net realizable value of the collateral securing the loan was less than the carrying value of the loan, and an impairment charge of $1.2 million was required for the period ended September 30, 2005. On January 31, 2006, the collateral was sold for net proceeds of $3.5 million, which approximated our loan balance. In March 2006, $3.4 million of the proceeds was released to us. The remaining $100,000 is still under court control; however, we anticipate that this balance will be released to us following mediation procedures. Although the collateral was sold, we retained all our rights and remedies under the original note agreement against the Guarantor as it relates to the deficiency arising from the sale of the loan collateral, including interest and legal fees and are pursuing collection of this deficiency.

Peerless Resort Development. The Peerless loan, which is collateralized by a development to consist of approximately 900 residential lots, matured on June 7, 2006, at which time all outstanding principal and interest became due and payable. While the borrowers made substantial progress on reducing the principal balance by $4.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2006, they were unable to pay the loan in full at maturity, and we gave the borrowers notice of default.

At June 30, 2006, we assessed the loan for impairment and concluded that the net realizable value of the collateral securing the loan exceeded the loan balance, including accrued interest of $152,000, and no impairment charge was required. The borrowers continue to develop the property and are beginning to market the lots for sale to potential home owners. Discussions with the borrowers are ongoing regarding the status of the development and the plans for repayment of the loan balance.

 

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Allowance for Loan Losses

In addition to a specific review of each commercial loan as discussed above, we provide for loan losses by making a general assessment of the securitized loan portfolio, taking into consideration any delinquencies or bankruptcies on the underlying mortgages, as well as industry statistics on similar pools of loans. The overall provision rate and the related allowance are evaluated on a quarterly basis to insure that, in our opinion, the allowance is adequate for losses in the portfolio. A provision for loan losses is not recorded for mortgage-backed securities, which are generally rated AAA or are agency secured. These securities are carried on the balance sheet at market value and any impairment that would be deemed to be other-than-temporary would be recorded as a direct write-down of the asset. Based on our review for the period ended June 30, 2006, we reduced our general assessment by $70,000, which resulted in a remaining allowance for loan losses of $6.1 million at June 30, 2006.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

On June 30, 2006, we had $31.1 million in cash and cash equivalents. This included both interest bearing and non-interest bearing bank balances. These balances, along with the leverage available through our counterparties on our fully-paid securities, provided us with total liquidity of $50.1 million. At June 30, 2006, none of the cash or cash equivalents was pledged to support margin calls on derivatives or reverse repurchase agreements.

Debt Securities

As a part of our redeployment efforts during the current quarter, we used cash of $15.0 million to purchase 46% of the preferred equity of an entity that issues loan obligations which are collateralized by leveraged loans. At June 30, 2006, this CLO entity had collateral of $350.0 million. For the period ended June 30, 2006, we recorded dividend income on these securities of $78,000.

Also included as debt securities are subordinated debentures of the Trust VIEs of which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. At June 30, 2006, we consolidated $35.0 million of subordinated debentures issued by Trust VIEs, and recorded a corresponding trust preferred obligation.

Liabilities

Securities and securitized loans are financed through the use of reverse repurchase agreements. We had lines with 14 financial institutions as of June 30, 2006 totaling $2.5 billion. We had borrowings with eight institutions totaling $565.3 million in reverse repurchase agreements outstanding with an average rate of 5.29% and an average remaining maturity of 24 days.

Our borrowings generally have a shorter maturity than our assets which creates an interest rate mismatch. We use derivative instruments to extend the interest rate characteristics of our borrowings. As of June 30, 2006, we had 10 fixed-pay interest rate swaps with a notional balance of $407.1 million outstanding. These swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges of our forecasted borrowings.

The fair market value of swaps is recorded on the balance sheet as a hedging asset or liability. All of the swaps were in a gain position, and were reflected as assets at June 30, 2006.

The maturity characteristics and average rate by maturity characteristic are shown in the following table:

 

(in thousands)

   Notional    Avg Fixed Rate  

Maturing in less than one year

   $ —      —   %

Maturing between one and two years

     30,000    4.29  

Maturing between two and three years

     10,000    4.20  

Maturing between three and five years

     367,100    4.63  
             

Total

   $ 407,100    4.59 %
             

On March 15, 2005, we completed a private offering of $20 million of trust preferred securities through the Preferred Trust. The Preferred Trust used the proceeds of the private offering, together with our $619,000 investment in the Preferred Trust common securities, to purchase $20.6 million aggregate principal amount of our subordinated notes with terms that parallel the terms of the trust preferred securities.

The trust preferred securities and the Subordinated Notes bear interest at 90-day LIBOR plus 4.15% (approximately 9.11% at June 30, 2006) and generally may not be redeemed prior to March 30, 2010.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We enter into agreements with investment banks to provide warehouse facilities for the purpose of funding investments during an accumulation period. When the warehouse funding reaches an agreed upon accumulation amount, the collateral (TruPS) is securitized and transferred to a CDO entity. To open the warehouse line, we deposit an amount on the line that bears the first dollar risk of loss, up to our deposit amount, if an investment is liquidated from the warehouse facility at a loss. Because our risk of loss is limited to the cash held as collateral by the warehouse providers, we do not consolidate the balance funded on the warehouse line. However, since we hold an implicit variable interest in certain entities funded under our warehouse facilities, we may be required to consolidate the Trust VIEs while the TruPS they issue are held on the warehouse facilities. At June 30, 2006, we had warehouse deposits totaling $4.5 million with one warehouse provider.

 

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2006 to the three months ended June 30, 2005

For the three months ended June 30, 2006, net loss was $13.2 million, as compared to a net loss of $5.1 million for the prior year quarter. Components of this quarter’s loss included:

 

    A $13.5 million other-than-temporary impairment charge that was reclassified from other comprehensive income to earnings. The impairment represents the difference between market value and amortized cost on certain of our residential mortgage-backed securities, and such difference was historically presented as a component of other comprehensive income. However, at June 30, 2006, we had the intent to sell these securities during July 2006, and would not therefore be able to hold these securities for a time to recover the loss in value.

 

    An $8.7 million loss on the sale of securities with an amortized cost of $367.1 million. These securities were sold for cash proceeds of $358.4 million in connection with the redeployment of our mortgage-backed assets into new asset classes. The loss represents the difference between amortized cost and fair value, and, prior to sale, was reflected as a component of other comprehensive income.

 

    A $9.6 million gain on the termination of interest rate swap agreements with a notional balance of $523.6 million. The gain on the hedge terminations represents the market value of the swap agreements at the time of termination. Prior to termination, changes in the market value of swaps designated as cash flow hedges were reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Net interest income for the current quarter was $2.5 million, a decrease of $305,000 as compared to the same quarter in the preceding year. This reduction was due to a loss of $369,000, or 3.1%, in interest income as a result of a $186.5 million decrease in our average earning assets, offset by a $64,000 decrease in interest expense. The average yield on our interest earning assets less the average cost on our interest bearing liabilities (known as interest spread) increased from 67 basis points for the quarter ended June 30, 2005, to 90 basis points for the current quarter. Annualized net interest margin on average interest earning assets for the quarter was 1.1%, unchanged from the quarter ended March 31, 2006, and up slightly from 1.0% for the quarter ended June 31, 2005.

Operating expenses for the quarter totaled $3.2 million as compared to $2.2 million in the same quarter last year. This increase was almost entirely due to merger-related expenses, including legal, accounting, tax and banking fees, of approximately $1.3 million that were expensed during the quarter. While we are the acquiring entity from a legal and SEC registrant perspective, pursuant to SFAS 141, we are deemed to be the acquired entity for accounting purposes. Accordingly, costs we incur related to the merger transaction must be expensed as incurred.

The significant components of the quarter-over-quarter increase were as follows:

 

    An $847,000 increase in professional fees comprised generally of (i) a $280,000 increase in legal expense related to merger-related activities and stockholder activist activities; (ii) a $91,000 increase in audit and tax expense related to the merger and filing the proxy statement; and (iii) a $477,000 increase in other professional fees, comprised primarily of $500,000 in banking fees.

 

    A $99,000 increase in salaries and employee benefits due primarily to the accrual of expense related to a retention program put in place to encourage employees to stay with the Company through the consummation of the merger. To the extent employees leave prior to the consummation of the merger or being released from their responsibilities, the respective portion of this expense would be reversed. A portion of this increase in salaries expense was offset by the elimination of one executive officer position in August 2005.

 

    A $234,000 expense for fees to Cohen under the external management agreement entered into on April 27, 2006.

 

    A $146,000 decrease in other operating expenses due primarily to the lack of non-legal collection costs on commercial loans.

 

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Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2006 to the six months ended June 30, 2005

For the six months ended June 30, 2006, net loss was $12.3 million, as compared to a net loss of $3.7 million for the prior year quarter. Of the current year loss, $13.5 million related to an other-than-temporary loss taken on the mortgage-backed securities portfolio. The securities on which this loss was taken were sold in July 2006. In connection with the redeployment of our mortgage-backed assets into new asset classes, we sold securities during the period with a carrying value of approximately $367.1 million and terminated interest rate swaps with a notional balance of $523.6 million. See further discussion of these transactions contained in the three-month presentation above.

Net interest income for the current six-month period was $5.7 million, a reduction of $566,000 as compared to the same period in the preceding year. While interest income increased $2.4 million year-over-year due to an increase of approximately 49 basis points in yield on earning assets, interest expense increase $3.0 million due to an approximate 53 basis point increase in financing costs. The average yield on our interest earning assets less the average cost on our interest bearing liabilities (known as interest spread) decreased from 86 basis points for the six months ended June 30, 2005, to 82 basis points for the current year-to-date period.

Operating expenses for the six month period ended June 30, 2006 totaled $5.3 million as compared to $4.1 million in the same period last year. As discussed above, we incurred merger-related expenses, including legal, accounting, tax and banking fees, during the period of approximately $1.3 million that were expensed pursuant to SFAS 141.

The significant components of the $1.2 million year-over-year increase were as follows:

 

    A $1.3 million increase in professional fees comprised generally of (i) a $535,000 increase in legal expenses related to merger-related activities, stockholder activist activities and commercial loan collection efforts; (ii) a $604,000 increased in other professional fees comprised primarily of $500,000 in banking fees and expenses and internal audit costs related to finalizing year-end Sarbanes-Oxley efforts; and (iii) a $169,000 increase in audit and tax fees due to costs related to the filing of the merger proxy and the costs related to finalizing year-end Sarbanes-Oxley efforts.

 

    A $234,000 expense for fees to Cohen under the external management agreement entered into on April 27, 2006.

 

    A $109,000 decrease in salaries and employee benefits due primarily to (i) the elimination of one executive officer position in August 2006, (ii) no bonus expense for the current year, and (iii) no relocation expense for the current year. These decreases were offset in part by the accrual of expense related to a retention program put in place to entice employees to stay with the Company through the consummation of the merger. The to extent employees leave prior to the consummation of the merger or being released of their responsibilities, the respective portion of this expense would be reversed; and

 

    A $203,000 decrease in other operating expenses related primarily to a reduction in directors and officers liability insurance and the lack of collection-related (non-legal) costs on commercial loans.

The following tables present average earning assets and their respective yields, along with the average borrowings and their respective costs for each of the last eight quarters (in thousands):

 

Quarter Ended:

  

Average

Residential

Assets

  

Average

Commercial

Assets (1)

  

Average Total

Interest Earning

Assets (3)

  

Average

Repurchase

Agreements

  

Average Subordinated

Notes

Borrowing (2)

  

Average Total

Interest Bearing

Liabilities

Jun. 30, 2006

   $ 890,902    $ 19,351    $ 928,026    $ 860,712    $ 20,000    $ 880,712

Mar. 31, 2006

     1,078,055      26,988      1,116,155      1,001,399      20,000      1,022,018

Dec. 31, 2005

     1,079,736      29,550      1,119,736      1,003,271      20,000      1,023,890

Sept. 30, 2005

     1,046,413      32,355      1,093,332      967,436      20,000      987,436

Jun. 30, 2005

     1,074,277      28,850      1,114,511      992,197      20,000      1,012,197

Mar. 31, 2005

     878,454      44,457      933,880      814,864      3,556      823,171

Dec. 31, 2004

     754,493      52,839      815,065      691,943      —        701,938

Sept. 30, 2004

     476,388      42,003      535,385      422,445      —        422,786

 

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Quarter Ended:

  

Income on

Residential

Assets

  

Income on

Commercial

Assets

  

Total Income

on Earning

Assets (3)

  

Interest on

Repurchase

Agreements

  

Interest on

Derivative

Agreements

   

Interest on

Subordinated

Notes (2)

  

Total Expense

on Interest

Bearing

Liabilities

Jun. 30, 2006

   $ 10,405    $ 703    $ 11,433    $ 10,860    $ (2,359 )   $ 466    $ 8,967

Mar. 31, 2006

     12,046      808      12,972      11,372      (1,960 )     440      9,852

Dec. 31, 2005

     11,474      873      12,438      10,474      (1,020 )     423      9,877

Sept. 30, 2005

     10,946      906      11,945      8,693      22       396      9,181

Jun. 30, 2005

     11,039      692      11,802      7,611      900       362      9,031

Mar. 31, 2005

     9,112      975      10,171      5,270      1,155       64      6,699

Dec. 31, 2004

     8,066      1,026      9,142      3,691      1,381       —        5,347

Sept. 30, 2004

     4,842      1,081      5,989      1,676      1,280       —        3,118

 

Quarter Ended:

  

Yield on

Residential

Assets

   

Yield on

Commercial

Assets

   

Total Yield

on Interest

Earning

Assets

   

Cost on

Repurchase

Agreements

   

Cost/Income on

Derivative

Agreements

   

Cost on

Trust

Preferred

   

Total Cost

on Interest

Bearing

Liabilities

 

Jun. 30, 2006

   4.67 %   14.37 %   4.93 %   4.99 %   (1.08 %)   9.22 %   4.03 %

Mar. 31, 2006

   4.47 %   11.97 %   4.65 %   4.54 %   (0.78 %)   8.79 %   3.86 %

Dec. 31, 2005

   4.22 %   11.72 %   4.41 %   4.14 %   (0.40 %)   8.15 %   3.83 %

Sept. 30, 2005

   4.15 %   11.11 %   4.33 %   3.57 %   0.01 %   7.86 %   3.69 %

Jun. 30, 2005

   4.12 %   9.62 %   4.25 %   3.08 %   0.36 %   7.26 %   3.58 %

Mar. 31, 2005

   4.21 %   8.89 %   4.42 %   2.62 %   0.57 %   7.30 %   3.30 %

Dec. 31, 2004

   4.25 %   7.72 %   4.46 %   2.12 %   0.79 %   —       3.03 %

Sept. 30, 2004

   4.04 %   10.24 %   4.45 %   1.58 %   1.21 %   —       2.93 %

(1) No adjustment has been made to the average balances for nonaccrual loans.
(2) Information on the junior subordinated notes is shown net of amounts related to the investment in common stock of the Preferred Trust.
(3) Includes investments entered into under the interim management agreement, including the warehouse line of credit and debt securities, the majority of which were purchased late in the quarter ended June 30, 2006; earnings related to these investments were approximately $127,000 for the current quarter.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We are organized as a mortgage REIT to invest in assets deemed suitable by our board of directors, and to distribute to stockholders, in the form of cash distributions, a substantial portion of our net cash flow generated from our investment activities. We manage liquidity to ensure that we have the continuing ability to maintain cash flows that are adequate to fund operations on a timely and cost-effective basis. On June 30, 2006, we had cash and cash equivalents of $31.1 million and fully-paid (unleveraged) mortgage-backed securities with a market value of $20.7 million. Cash, combined with the leverage available through our counterparties on certain of our fully-paid securities, provided us with total liquidity of $50.1 million.

Our primary cash requirements over the next 12 months are expected to be for the payment of dividends, including the special merger-related dividend of $0.50 in the event the merger is consummated, payment of merger-related expenses, including banking fees and severance cost, purchases of investments, repayments on reverse repurchase agreements and interest payments on financing arrangements. Additionally, in the event the merger is consummated, we will purchase up to $25.0 of outstanding common stock in a tender offer. Under terms of the merger agreement with Alesco, until the merger is either consummated or terminated, we are restricted from declaring dividends of more than $0.03 per quarter, excluding the provision allowing the special $0.50 dividend. Accordingly, cash required for dividends through the date of the merger are estimated to be $5.6 million; however, this amount is not intended to be an estimate of total dividends needed to meet the 90% dividend requirement under REIT rules. We intend to maintain our REIT status and intend to satisfy the dividend requirement to distribute at least 90% of taxable income. An estimate of the dividends required to be declared to satisfy the 90% provision cannot be made at this time. As provided under the terms of the management agreement, we are redeploying our assets into new asset classes. Cash to invest in the new asset classes will be provided from monthly prepayments from, and sales of, our securities portfolio, terminations of interest rate swap agreements and collections on our commercial portfolio.

Because we borrow money under reverse repurchase agreements based on the fair value of our assets, and because changes in interest rates can negatively impact the valuation of our assets, our borrowing ability under these agreements may be limited and lenders may initiate margin calls in the event interest rates change or the value of our assets declines for other reasons. At June 30, 2006, we had no additional securities posted as collateral to cover margin calls on reverse repurchase agreements.

 

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External disruptions to credit markets might also impair access to additional liquidity and, therefore, we might be required to sell certain assets in order to maintain liquidity. If required, such sales might be at prices lower than the carrying value of the assets, which would result in losses. At June 30, 2006, the fair value of our mortgage-backed securities was $468.2 million, which was less than the amortized cost basis due to net unrealized losses in the portfolio of $14.0 million. We have determined that $13.5 million of the unrealized losses are other-than-temporary impairments and have recorded an impairment at June 30, 2006. We have determined that the remaining $491,000 of unrealized losses are temporary impairments due to changes in market interest rates and, based upon review of credit ratings, delinquency data and other information, are not reflective of credit deterioration. At June 30, 2006, since we had the ability to hold the assets until recovery, the losses are not considered to be other than temporary impairments. In addition, we have the ability to terminate our hedges for liquidity purposes. At June 30, 2006, we had 10 swaps in a gain position totaling $12.2 million.

For the period ended June 30, 2006, we had adequate liquidity to meet our requirements for normal recurring operating expenses, as well as dividend payments, interest payments and refinancings, and we believe our operations, including our ability to leverage our securities portfolio, will continue to provide sufficient liquidity to meet our future cash requirements.

Operating Activities

We generated cash from operations during the six months ended June 30, 2006, of $1.8 million. This was primarily the result of changes in working capital components combined with net income generated by operations prior to the impact of gains realized on the termination of interest rate swap agreements, losses realized on the sale of residential mortgage securities, and impairments taken on securities selected for disposal during July 2006.

Investing Activities

We generated $468.4 million from investing activities during the period from the sale of a portion of our residential mortgage portfolio for $358.4 million, coupled with principal payments on our securities and loans of $130.5 million. We used $15.0 million of the proceeds generated from investing activities to invest in 46% of the preferred equity of an entity that issues loan obligations which are collateralized by leveraged loans.

Financing Activities

We used $456.6 million in cash for financing activities during the period. As of June 30, 2006, we had reverse repurchase lines with 14 financial institutions with a total capacity of $2.5 billion. We used cash from sales of and principal payments on our securities portfolio to reduce borrowings under these agreements by $466.5 million during the period to an outstanding balance of $565.3 million at June 30, 2006. We also used cash of $631,000 during the six-month period to pay dividends of $0.06 per common share to our stockholders. In addition to these uses, we received $10.5 million from the termination of interest rate swaps during the period.

Market Risks

As a financial institution that has only invested in U.S.-dollar denominated instruments, primarily residential mortgage instruments, and has only borrowed money in the domestic market, we are not subject to foreign currency exchange or commodity price risk, but rather our market risk exposure is limited primarily to interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is defined as the sensitivity of our current and future earnings to interest rate volatility, variability of spread relationships, the difference in re-pricing intervals between our assets and liabilities and the effect that interest rates may have on our cash flows, especially hybrid ARM portfolio prepayments. Interest rate risk impacts our interest income, interest expense and the market value on a large portion of our assets and liabilities.

As we redeploy our assets into new target investments, our primary market risk continues to be exposure to interest rates, as well as credit risk, on our investments in debt instruments, TruPS and debt securities. These new interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities typically will be held for long-term investment and not held for sale purposes. Our intent in structuring CDO and CLO transactions and other securitizations will be to limit interest rate risk by our financing strategy to match the terms of our investment assets with the terms of our liabilities and, to the extent necessary, through the use of hedging instruments.

We will seek to manage our credit risk through the underwriting and credit analysis processes that are performed by our manager in advance of acquiring an investment. The TruPS, leverage loans, mortgage-backed securities and other investments that we expect to consider for future CDO and CLO transactions and other securitizations will be subjected to a comprehensive credit analysis process and require the approval of Cohen’s and our credit committees for that asset class prior to funding.

 

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Effects of Changes in Interest Rates

Changes in interest rates will impact our mortgage-related portfolio in various ways. We are currently invested primarily in hybrid ARM assets, which have an initial fixed rate period ranging from 36 to 84 months. A description of the different types of interest rate risk and their impact on our portfolio is provided below:

Yield curve risk: To the extent that our assets are financed with shorter duration liabilities, rising short-term interest rates may temporarily negatively affect our earnings, and, conversely, falling short-term interest rates may temporarily increase our earnings. This may occur as our borrowings react to changes in interest rates sooner than our hybrid ARM assets because the weighted average next re-pricing dates of the borrowings may be shorter time periods than that of the hybrid ARM assets. We use plain vanilla swaps to extend the duration of our liabilities to the expected duration of our assets. We typically pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate to offset the floating nature of our reverse repurchase agreements. Interest rate swaps thus have the effect of converting our variable-rate debt into fixed-rate debt over the life of the swap agreements. We have selected interest rate swaps such that the combined Effective Duration of our borrowings and interest rate swaps closely matches the Effective Duration of the Hybrid ARM assets, the difference being the Effective Duration Gap. We operate under an Effective Duration Gap limit of 1 year (or -1 year as the case may be) and have targeted a zero Effective Duration Gap during the first six months of 2006.

Prepayment risk: Interest rate changes also affect our net return, both positively and negatively, given their impact on the level of prepayments experienced. In a declining rate environment (all else being equal), prepayments on mortgage-related assets tend to accelerate. This could potentially result in having to redeploy the additional funds at lower yield levels, weighting more heavily the amount of our fixed rate financings, and accelerating any remaining unamortized premiums paid. Conversely, in a rising rate environment (all else being equal), prepayments tend to decelerate. This could potentially result in having fewer funds to redeploy at higher yield levels, weighting more heavily the amount of our floating rate financings, and extending any remaining unamortized premiums paid.

Re-pricing risk: At times, the notional amount on our swaps may not match the amount of outstanding repurchase agreements. This results in a portion of our short term liabilities being exposed to rises in interest rates. As short term interest rates rise, the portion of our short term debt not covered by swaps will increase our overall debt costs, squeezing margins. Conversely, if short term rates fall, overall debt costs will decrease, widening margins. We actively manage this gap and minimize the impact of rising rates using longer term repurchase agreements and by purchasing floating rate assets whose coupons reset with rising short term rates. As of June 30, 2006, we had $565.3 million in reverse repurchase agreements and $407.1 million in notional of pay-fixed swaps, and also had $12.9 million in floating rate assets.

Extension risk: As interest rates rise, the average lives of our assets increase. In order to maintain the targeted Effective Duration Gap it may become necessary to use additional pay-fixed swaps in a rising rate environment. These additional interest rate swaps would reduce the net interest margin.

Cap risk: We invest in hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities, which are based on mortgages that are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate caps and floors, which limit the amount by which a hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed security’s interest yield may change during any given period after the fixed period has expired. However, our borrowing costs pursuant to our repurchase agreements will not be subject to similar restrictions. Hence, in a period of increasing interest rates, interest rate costs on our borrowings could increase without limitation by caps, while the interest-rate yields on our hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities would effectively be limited by caps. This problem will be magnified to the extent we acquire adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities that are not based on mortgages which are fully indexed. Further, the underlying mortgages may be subject to periodic payment caps that result in some portion of the interest being deferred and added to the principal outstanding. This could result in the receipt of less cash income on our adjustable-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities than we need in order to pay the interest cost on our related borrowings. These factors could lower our net interest income or cause a net loss during periods of rising interest rates, which would negatively impact our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. We currently mitigate this risk through the use of interest rate swaps. We also have chosen to invest primarily in hybrid adjustable-rate securities backed by loans with initial caps at reset that are 5% or 6% higher than the rate during the fixed period which further limits the inherent cap risk.

Spread risk: The use of interest rate swaps to lengthen the maturities of our short term liabilities also has an effect on the fair value of the portfolio. To the extent that interest rates rise, the value of the hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage backed securities will decline. This decline may be offset for the most part by gains in the value of the pay-fixed interest rate swaps. However, if yields of hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities move to a greater extent than treasury or swap rates – a phenomenon known as “spread widening” – the fair value of the securities will decline more than the gain on the corresponding hedges, resulting in a decline in the overall fair value of the portfolio. Conversely, if spreads tighten, the portfolio will experience a fair value gain. We view spread risk as inherent in owning a portfolio of mortgage assets and do not attempt to hedge this risk explicitly.

 

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Risk to Investment opportunities: During a rising interest rate environment, there may be less total loan origination and refinance activity. At the same time, a rising interest rate environment may result in a larger percentage of hybrid ARM products being originated, mitigating the impact of lower overall loan origination and refinance activity. Conversely, during a declining interest rate environment, consumers, in general, may favor fixed rate mortgage products, but there may be above average loan origination and refinancing volume in the industry such that even a small percentage of hybrid ARM product volume may result in sufficient investment opportunities. Additionally, a flat yield curve may be an adverse environment for hybrid ARM production because there may be little incentive for a consumer to choose an ARM product over a 30 year fixed-rate mortgage loan and, conversely, in a steep yield curve environment, ARM production may enjoy an above average advantage over 30 year fixed-rate mortgage loans, increasing our investment opportunities. The availability and fluctuations in the volume of hybrid ARM loans being originated can also affect their yield to us as an investment opportunity. During periods of time when there is a shortage of ARM products, their yield as an investment may decline due to market forces and conversely, when there is an above average supply of ARM products, their yield to us as an investment may improve due to the same market forces.

The most important measure we use in measuring interest rate risk is the Effective Duration Gap, which reflects the combined Effective Duration of our borrowings and interest rate swaps and the Effective Duration of our Hybrid ARM assets. While modified duration measures the price sensitivity of a bond to movements in interest rates, effective duration captures both the movement in interest rates and the fact that cash flows to a mortgage related security are altered when interest rates move. Accordingly, when the contract interest rate on a mortgage loan is substantially above prevailing interest rates in the market, the effective duration of securities collateralized by such loans can be quite low because of expected prepayments. Conversely, in a period of rising rates, when the contract rate is below prevailing rates, the effective duration increases, reflecting expectations for lower prepayments.

The Effective Duration measure is calculated by a third party provider utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation of 200 to 500 interest rate scenarios. At June 30, 2006, our Effective Duration Gap was -0.11 years. The effective duration of mortgage assets changes as interest rates change, because the cash flows of the mortgage securities we own are dependent on the realized path of interest rates. In general, as interest rates decline, the effective duration of our mortgage assets decline and vice versa. Because models do not always capture market forces, particularly those driven by technical rather than fundamental forces, in our opinion, duration of between plus or minus 0.15 approximates zero duration. In addition to Effective Duration, we monitor the Effective Convexity, which is the rate of change of duration for a given change in interest rates, as well as several sensitivity measures around points in the yield curve called Key Rate Duration measures. As of June 30, 2006, the Effective Convexity Gap of the portfolio was -0.38 years.

In addition to our Effective Duration Gap, we monitor the projected market value of our interest sensitive assets and liabilities. We calculate the fair market value in a variety of scenarios, some of which are the instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve of plus or minus 50 and 100 basis points. We assume that mortgage spreads in these scenarios are unchanged from that in the base case (interest rates unchanged).

The following table reflects the expected market value changes of these assets for the parallel shifts in the yield curve as a percent of equity and as a percent of the fair market value of our interest earning assets as of June 30, 2006.

 

Instantaneous parallel shift in yield curve

  

Change in Net Assets

(in thousands)

   

Change as a

% of Equity

   

Change as a% of

Fair Value of Assets

 

-100 basis points

   $ (2,087 )   (1.92 )%   (0.31 )%

-50 basis points

     (652 )   (0.60 )   (0.10 )

+50 basis points

     50     0.05     0.01  

+100 basis points

     (415 )   (0.38 )   (0.06 )

Other Matters

The Internal Revenue Code requires that at least 75% of our total assets must be Qualified REIT Assets, as defined by the Code. The Code also requires that we meet, on an annual basis, a defined 75% source of income test and a 95% source of income test. We calculated that we were in compliance with each of these quarterly requirements as of June 30, 2006. We also met all REIT requirements regarding the ownership of our common stock and the distributions of our net income. Therefore, as of June 30, 2006, we believe that we continue to qualify as a REIT under the provisions of the Code.

We intend to conduct our business so as not to become regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. If we were to become regulated as an investment company, our use of leverage would be

 

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substantially reduced. The Investment Company Act exempts entities that are “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate” (Qualifying Interests). Under current interpretation of the staff of the SEC, in order to qualify for this exemption, we must maintain at least 55% of our assets directly in Qualifying Interests. In addition, unless certain mortgage securities represent all the certificates issued with respect to an underlying pool of mortgages, such mortgage securities may be treated as securities separate from the underlying mortgage loans and, thus, may not be considered Qualifying Interests for purposes of the 55% requirement. Based on our calculations we believe that we are in compliance with this requirement as of June 30, 2006.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The information called for by Item 3 is incorporated by reference from the information in Part I, Item 2 under the caption “Market Risks.”

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify our financial reports and to other members of senior management and the board of directors. Under the supervision, and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act)) as of June 30, 2006. Based on that evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at June 30, 2006, to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

On April 27, 2006, we entered into and began operating under an Interim Management Agreement with Cohen Brothers Management, LLC. Under the guidelines of this agreement we have changed our investment strategy and, as of June 30, 2006, have begun redeploying our mortgage-backed securities into investments consistent with those of Alesco Financial Trust. The internal control over financial reporting related to these new investments and interim management agreement were not considered in our December 31, 2005 year-end assessment of internal control and are currently being evaluated for effectiveness. In addition, since December 31, 2005, certain employees have resigned from the Company, and their respective responsibilities have been reassigned to remaining employees or to contract employees.

The change in investment strategy and the loss of personnel that occurred during the three-months ended June 30, 2006 are considered to be material changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act), and have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

On October 7, 2005, we filed a lawsuit against Owens Mortgage Investment Fund and Vestin Mortgage, Inc. for violation of certain provisions under the Intercreditor Agreement related to our commercial mortgage loan on cemetery/funeral home properties in Hawaii. We are requesting declaratory judgment that certain actions taken by Defendants constitute a breach of the Intercreditor Agreement, including the sale by Owen of its interest in the loan to Vestin, and that payments made by Vestin to Owen for accrued interest should be allocated and distributed to all parties pro rata. The outcome of this suit is unknown at this time.

In March 2005, we filed suit against Redevelopment Group V, a Pennsylvania limited liability company, for collection of a $4.7 million loan receivable. On January 31, 2006, the property collateralizing the loan was sold in a court-supervised transaction for $3.5 million. In March 2006, the court released $3.4 million of the proceeds to us, and we anticipate receiving the remaining $100,000 in the coming months. Although the collateral underlying the note has been sold, we retained all of our rights and remedies under the original note agreement against the Guarantor as it relates to the deficiency arising from the sale of the loan collateral and non-performance by the borrower, including default interest, legal and other collection costs, and are pursuing collection. The outcome of such suit is unknown at this time.

On July 6, 2005, Redevelopment Group V filed a countersuit against us, which we intend to defend vigorously.

 

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

The risk factors contained in the section entitled “Risk Factors” from our registration statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-135020), filed with the SEC on June 14, 2006, as amended, are attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

None.

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6. Exhibits

(a) Exhibits – see “Exhibit Index”

 

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

  Sunset Financial Resources, Inc.
Dated: August 9, 2006   By:  

/s/ Stacy M. Riffe

    Stacy M. Riffe
    Chief Executive Officer

 

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Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit No.    
2.1*   Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of July 20, 2006, by and among Alesco Financial Trust, Jaguar Acquisition, Inc. and Sunset Financial Resources, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K filed by us on July 26, 2006)
3(i).1*   Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to the Form S-11 filed by us on February 6, 2004)
3(ii).2*   Amended Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K filed by us on October 11, 2005)
4.1*   Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 4 to the Form S-11 filed by us on March 11, 2004)
10.1*   Interim Management Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2006, by and between Sunset Financial Resources, Inc. and Cohen Brothers Management, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed by us on May 2, 2006)
31.1**   Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Act Rules 13A-14 and 15D-14
32.1***   Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer)
99.1**   Risk Factors

* incorporated by reference
** filed herewith
*** furnished herewith

 

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