COHERENT CORP. - Annual Report: 2016 (Form 10-K)

United States

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016

for the transition period from                     to                     .

Commission File Number: 0-16195

II-VI INCORPORATED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 724-352-4455

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes   x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.     Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes   x    No   ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  ¨    No  x

Aggregate market value of outstanding Common Stock, no par value, held by non-affiliates of the Registrant at December 31, 2015, was approximately $1,100,264,770 based on the closing sale price reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. For purposes of this calculation only, directors and executive officers of the Registrant and their spouses are deemed to be affiliates of the Registrant.

Number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, no par value, at August 19, 2016, was 62,637,200.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement, which will be issued in connection with the 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of II-VI Incorporated, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (including certain information incorporated herein by reference) contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements can be identified as those that may predict, forecast, indicate or imply future results, performance or advancements and by forward-looking words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “believes,” “estimates” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements address, among other things, our expectations, our growth strategies, our efforts to increase bookings, sales and revenues, projections of our future profitability, results of operations, capital expenditures, our financial condition or other “forward-looking” information and include statements about revenues, earnings, spending, margins, costs or our actions, plans or strategies.

The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K involve risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results, performance or trends to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements herein or in previous disclosures. II-VI Incorporated believes that all forward-looking statements made by it have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that these expectations, beliefs or projections will actually occur or prove to be correct. Actual results could materially differ from such statements.

The following factors, among others, in some cases have affected and in the future could affect our financial performance and actual results, and could cause actual results for fiscal 2016 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or otherwise made by our management:

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The foregoing and additional risk factors are described in more detail herein under Item 1A. “Risk Factors”. In addition, we operate in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment and therefore, new risk factors can arise. It is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business nor estimate the extent to which any individual risk factor, or combination of risk factors, may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or developments, or otherwise, except as may be required by the securities laws. We caution you not to rely on them unduly.

Investors should also be aware that while II-VI Incorporated does communicate with securities analysts, from time to time, those communications are conducted in accordance with applicable securities laws. Investors should not assume that II-VI Incorporated agrees with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report.

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PART I

Introduction

II-VI Incorporated (“II-VI,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated in Pennsylvania in 1971. Our executive offices are located at 375 Saxonburg Boulevard, Saxonburg, Pennsylvania 16056. Our telephone number is 724-352-4455. Reference to “II-VI,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context requires otherwise, refers to II-VI Incorporated and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company’s name is pronounced “Two Six Incorporated.” The majority of our revenues are attributable to the sale of engineered materials and optoelectronic components and devices for industrial laser applications, optical communications products, compound semiconductor substrate-based products and consumer products. Reference to “fiscal” or “fiscal year” means our fiscal year ended June 30 for the year referenced.

The Company’s organizational structure is divided into three reporting segments for the purpose of making operational decisions and assessing financial performance: (i) II-VI Laser Solutions, (ii) II-VI Photonics, and (iii) II-VI Performance Products. These segments, and the units within the segments, are reflected in the organization chart below:

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During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, the Company completed two acquisitions:

February 1, 2016EpiWorks, Inc. (“EpiWorks”)

March 15, 2016ANADIGICS, Inc. (“ANADIGICS”)

These two acquired businesses joined the II-VI Laser Solutions segment.  See Note 2 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company’s acquisitions, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

On June 3, 2016, the Company sold the assets of ANADIGICS’s radio frequency (“RF”) business. In conjunction with the sale of the RF business, the Company renamed ANADIGICS as II-VI OptoElectronic Devices, Inc. (“OED”). See Note 2 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company’s disposition of the RF business, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Information Regarding Market Segments and Foreign Operations

Financial data regarding our revenues, results of operations, industry segments and international sales for the three years ended June 30, 2016 are set forth in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and in Note 11 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated herein by reference. We also discuss certain Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K related to our foreign operations, which are incorporated herein by reference.

General Description of Business

We develop and manufacture engineered materials, optoelectronic components and products for precision use in industrial, optical communications, military, semiconductor, consumer and life science applications. We use advanced engineered material growth technologies coupled with proprietary high-precision fabrication, micro-assembly, thin-film coating and electronic integration to enable complex optoelectronic devices and modules. Our products are deployed in applications that we believe reduce costs and improve performance and reliability in a variety of applications, including:

A key Company strategy is to develop and manufacture high performance materials that are differentiated from those produced by our competitors. We focus on providing components that are critical to the heart of our customers’ assembly lines for products serving the applications mentioned above.  

Our U.S. production and research and development operations are located in Pennsylvania, California, New Jersey, Texas, Mississippi, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Delaware, New York, Florida and Illinois and our non-U.S. production operations are based in China, Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Germany and Switzerland. We also utilize a contract manufacturer in Thailand. In addition to sales offices at most of our manufacturing sites, we have sales and marketing subsidiaries in Hong Kong, Japan, Germany, China, Switzerland, Belgium, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), Italy and South Korea. Approximately 63% of our revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 were generated from sales to customers outside of the United States (“U.S.”).

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Our Markets and Products

Our market-focused businesses are organized by technology and products. Our businesses are composed of the following primary markets:

The details of our Addressable Markets and our Key Products by Business Unit:

II-VI Laser Solutions Segment

II-VI Infrared Optics Group:

Increases in the installed worldwide base of carbon dioxide (“CO₂”) and fiber laser machines for a variety of laser processing applications have driven CO₂ laser optics component consumption. It is estimated that there are over 75,000 CO₂ laser systems currently deployed in the world. CO₂ and fiber lasers offer benefits in a wide variety of cutting, welding, drilling, ablation, cladding, heat treating and marking applications for materials such as steel alloys, non-ferrous metals, plastics, wood, paper, fiberboard, ceramics and composites.

Laser systems enable manufacturers to reduce parts cost and improve quality, as well as improve process precision, speed, throughput, flexibility, repeatability and automation. Automobile manufacturers, for example, deploy lasers both to cut body components and to weld those parts together in high-throughput production lines. Manufacturers of motorcycles, lawn mowers and garden tractors cut, trim, and weld metal parts with lasers to reduce post-processing steps and, therefore, lower overall manufacturing costs. Furniture manufacturers utilize lasers because of their easily reconfigurable, low-cost prototyping and production capabilities for customer-specified designs. In high-speed food and pharmaceutical packaging lines, laser marking is used to provide automated product, date and lot coding on containers.

In addition to being installed by original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) of laser systems in new machine builds, our optical components are purchased as replacement parts by end-users of laser machines to maintain proper system performance.

In newer and developing market segments, Silicon Carbide (“SiC”) and CVD Diamond both exhibit very high thermal conductivities for use in high-end applications in the semiconductor and optoelectronic markets.  CVD Diamond also has applications in the windows, tooling, microwave and radiation detection markets.

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The key products enabling these applications in our addressable markets include precision infrared optoelectronic components such as lenses, output couplers, windows, mirrors and scan-lenses for use in CO₂ and fiber lasers. Our precision optoelectronic components are used to control laser energy, enhance the properties of the laser beam and focus and direct laser beams to a target work surface. The optoelectronic components include both reflective and transmissive optics and are made from materials such as zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, copper, silicon, gallium arsenide (“GaAs”) and germanium. Transmissive optics used with CO₂ lasers are predominately made from zinc selenide. We believe we are the largest manufacturer of zinc selenide in the world.

II-VI HIGHYAG Division:

In many areas of material processing, laser technology has proven to be a better alternative to conventional production techniques. It has also enabled novel processing steps not previously achievable with legacy technologies. The precise cut and elegant seam are visible proof of a laser beam’s machining efficiency.

Industrial applications such as welding, drilling and cutting have driven the recent market growth of one-micron laser systems, and are demanding increased performance, lower total cost of ownership, ease of use and portability of the one-micron laser systems. One-micron laser systems require efficient and reliable tools for the most demanding automotive and machine tool industries.

The key product enabling these applications include  modular laser processing heads for fiber lasers, direct diode lasers and other one-micron laser systems. We also manufacture beam delivery systems including fiber optic cables and modular beam coupling systems.

II-VI OptoElectronic Materials & Devices Group:

II-VI Laser Enterprise Division:

We market advanced laser technology diodes for material processing, medical, cosmetic, 3-D sensing and printing applications and are exploring other new market opportunities for our high-power lasers.

In addition, we sell low-power polarization locked products for optical mouse and finger navigation applications. Our market opportunities for vertical cavity surface emitting laser (“VCSEL”) products are expanding to include optical high-speed datacom applications and high-power sensing for consumer electronics applications.

II-VI OptoElectronic Devices Division:

Current markets include consumer electronics, WiFi, Internet of Things and automotive.  The need for epitaxial semiconductor wafers is critical as devices require more power and storage capacity.  

II-VI EpiWorks:

Epitaxial compound semiconductor wafers are driving performance in many differentiated markets including consumer electronics, laser projection, data centers, tailored heating and industrial marking.  Our products are geared toward enabling higher performance photonic and RF components for consumer, communications, network and mobile applications and RF components for wireless handsets, tablets and the Internet of Things. We are a leading producer of advanced epitaxial wafers tailored for optimal performance in multiple next generation applications including LED and laser wafers used in displays and RF wafers used in smartphones.

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II-VI Suwtech Division:

The need for high-power and green laser for industrial and medical applications continues to grow as does the need for a laser cutting device capable of processing the next generation of ultra-hard materials like diamond.

II-VI Photonics Segment

II-VI Photop Group:

II-VI Optical Communications Group:

The optical communications market is being driven in part by demand for high-bandwidth communication capabilities through increasing worldwide usage of the Internet and data services, the growing number of broadband users, mobile device and cloud computing users, and the greater reliance on high-bandwidth capabilities in our daily lives. High-bandwidth communication networks are being extended closer to the end-user with fiber-to-the-home and other fiber optic networks. Mobile data traffic also is increasing as smart phones continue to proliferate with increasingly sophisticated audio, photo, video, email and Internet capabilities, as well as data connection and storage through cloud computing networks. The resulting traffic, in turn, is felt throughout the network, including the core that depends on optical technology. Our passive components, assemblies and modules are used for filtering, switching, combining and routing optical wavelengths within optical networks. Our monitoring products are used for measuring the performance of optical channels and systems.

Our 980 nm pump laser diodes are designed for use as high-power, highly reliable pump sources for EDFAs in terrestrial access, cross-connect, metro to long haul and undersea (submarine) repeater applications. Single mode high-power uncooled modules are designed for both the single channel and small form factor terrestrial market and also the stringent high reliability demands of the submarine (subsea) network market. In addition, we market EDFAs that are used to compensate for losses in optical fiber and other optical components and modules in optical transmission systems. We

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offer optical amplifiers at all levels of functionality, from simple optical modules through full circuit cards, which plug directly into our customers’ equipment racks and service the metro, regional and long-haul optical transmission markets. In some cases, we add additional switching and monitoring functionality to the base amplifier.

II-VI Performance Products Segment

II-VI Optical Systems:

We provide several key assemblies and optical components such as windows, domes, laser rods and optics and related sub-assemblies to military, semiconductor, medical, and life sciences markets for UV, VIS, and IR applications in night vision, targeting, navigation, missile warning, and Homeland Security Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance systems.

Infrared windows and window assemblies for navigational and targeting systems are deployed on fixed and rotary-wing aircraft, such as the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, F-16 fighter jet, Apache Attack Helicopter, unmanned platforms such as the Predator and Reaper Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (“UAV”) and ground vehicles such as the Abrams M-1 Tank and Bradley Fighting Vehicle.

Additionally, multiple fighter jets, including the F-16, are equipped with large area sapphire windows, as a key component for the aircraft, providing advanced targeting and imaging systems. Our ability to grow large sapphire materials and manufacture these materials into large area sapphire windows has played a key role in our ability to provide an even larger suite of sapphire panels, which are a key component of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Electro Optical Targeting System.

Infrared domes are used on missiles with infrared guidance systems ranging from small, man-portable designs to larger designs mounted on helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft and ground vehicles. High-precision domes are an integral component of a missile’s targeting system, providing efficient tactical capability, while serving as a protective cover to its internal components.

The Company also offers precision optical engineering and manufacturing, with particular efficiency in designing to customer end-item specifications, assisting with co-engineering designs, and designing for manufacturability. The high precision optical components and assemblies programs include Deep Impact Comet Flyby HRI & MRI, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Hellfire II Missile Optics, missile launch detection sensor optical assembly, and High Altitude Observatory telescopes among others. In addition to imaging, many of these systems employ laser designation and range-finding capabilities supported by our YAG material growth and competency in short wave infrared and visible optics. Turreted systems and mounted targeting pods employ these capabilities in addition to hand-held soldier systems. Rotary and fixed-wing platforms also use missile warning systems to protect against shoulder fired man-portable missiles. Our competencies in material growth for UV crystals and our optical assembly capabilities provide significant support to these missile warning systems. A key attribute to several of these systems is the ability to filter electro-magnetic interference using micro-fine conductive mesh patterns. This technology is also applied to non-optical applications for absorbing and transmitting energy from the surfaces of aircraft and missiles.

II-VI Marlow:

TEMs are solid-state semiconductor devices that act as small heat pumps to cool, heat and temperature stabilize a wide range of materials, components and systems. Conversely, the principles underlying thermoelectrics allow TEMs to be used as a source of power when subjected to temperature differences. TEMs are more reliable than alternative cooling solutions that require moving parts and provide more precise temperature control solutions than competing technologies.

TEMs also have many other advantages which have spurred their adoption in a variety of industries and applications including defense and space applications that involve IR cooled and uncooled night vision technologies and thermal reference sources that are deployed in state-of-the-art weapons, as well as cooling high-powered lasers used for range-finding target designation by military personnel. TEMs also allow for temperature stabilization of telecommunication lasers that generate and amplify optical signals for fiber optics systems.

Thermoelectric-based solutions appear in a variety of medical applications including instrumentation and analytical applications such as DNA replication, blood analyzers and medical laser equipment.

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The industrial, commercial and consumer markets provide a variety of niche applications ranging from desktop refrigerators and wine coolers to personal comfort technology, semiconductor processes and test equipment. In addition, power generation applications are expanding into fields such as waste heat recovery, heat scavenging and co-generation.

II-VI M Cubed:

Metal matrix composites (“MMC”) and reaction bonded ceramics products are found in applications requiring precision, lightweight, strength, hardness and matched coefficient of thermal expansion. Each market has its own unique requirements and applications that drive material selection. This is especially true in semiconductor tool applications that require advanced materials to meet the need for increased tolerance, enhanced thermal stability, faster wafer transfer speeds, increased yields and reduced stage settling times.

The semiconductor markets employ SiC for wafer chucks, light-wave scanning stages and high temperature, corrosion resistant wafer support systems. Cooled SiC mirrors are used in the illumination systems of lithography tools.

The industrial market uses a variety of ceramic materials for applications requiring chemical inertness or high temperature tolerance such as in flat panel display manufacturing equipment, and refractory components.

The defense market uses MMCs for protective body armor as well as protection for ground, air and naval resources.

II-VI Advanced Materials:

SiC is a wide bandgap semiconductor material that offers high-temperature, high-power and high-frequency capabilities as a substrate for applications at the high-performance end of the defense, telecommunication and industrial markets. SiC has a high number of intrinsic physical and electronic advantages over competing semiconductor materials such as silicon and GaAs. For example, the high thermal conductivity of SiC enables SiC-based devices to operate at high-power levels and still dissipate the excess heat generated. II-VI Advanced Materials supplies base SiC substrates into this market.

SiC-based structures are being developed and deployed for the manufacture of a wide variety of microwave and power switching devices. High-power, high-frequency SiC-based microwave devices are used in next generation wireless switching telecommunication applications and in both commercial and military radar applications.

SiC-based, high-power, high-speed devices improve the performance, efficiency and reliability of electrical power transmission and distribution systems (“smart grid”). They also provide power conditioning and switching in power supplies and motor controls in a wide variety of applications including aircraft, hybrid vehicles, industrial, communications and green energy applications.

Both SiC and CVD Diamond materials are being utilized in optical and electronic applications requiring high thermal conductivity for advanced thermal management. CVD Diamond also has applications in the semiconductor equipment, including: extreme ultraviolet (“EUV”) lithography, windows, tooling, microwave and radiation detection markets.

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Our Strategy

Our strategy is to grow businesses with world-class engineered material capabilities to advance our current customers’ strategies, penetrate new markets through innovative technologies and platforms, and enable new applications in large and growing markets.

A substantial portion of our business is based on sales orders with market leaders, which enable our forward planning and production efficiencies. We intend to continue capitalizing and executing on this proven model, participating effectively in the growth of the markets discussed above, and continuing our focus on operational excellence as we execute business strategies in the areas of:

Research, Development and Engineering

During the current fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, the Company continued to identify, invest in and focus our research and development on new products across the Company in an effort to accelerate our organic growth.  This approach is managed under a disciplined innovation program that we refer to as the “II-VI Phase Gate Process”.

Our research and development program includes internally and externally funded research and development expenditures targeting an overall annual investment of between 7 and 9 percent of product revenues. From time to time, the ratio of externally funded contract activity to internally funded contract activity varies due to the unevenness of government funded research programs and changes in the focus of our internally funded research programs. We are committed to having the right mix of internally and externally funded research that ties closely to our long-term strategic objectives. The Company continues to believe that externally funded research and development will decrease in the near term due to governmental budget constraints.

We devote significant resources to research, development and engineering programs directed at the continuous improvement of our existing products and processes and to the timely development of new technologies, materials and products. We believe that our research, development and engineering activities are essential to establish and maintain a leadership position in each of the markets we serve. As of June 30, 2016, we employed 892 people in research, development and engineering functions, 535 of who are engineers or scientists. In addition, certain manufacturing personnel support or participate in our research and development efforts on an ongoing basis. We believe this interaction between the development and manufacturing functions enhances the direction of our projects and design for manufacturing, reducing costs and accelerating technology transfers.

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During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, we focused our research and development investments in the following areas:

The development of our products and manufacturing processes is largely based on proprietary technical know-how and expertise. We rely on a combination of contract provisions, trade secret laws, invention disclosures and patents to protect our proprietary rights. We have entered into selective intellectual property licensing agreements. When faced with potential infringement of our proprietary information, we have in the past and will continue to assert and vigorously protect our intellectual property rights.

Internally funded research and development expenditures were $60.4 million, $51.3 million and $42.5 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For these same periods, externally funded research and development expenditures were $8.7 million, $9.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively.

Marketing and Sales

We market our products through a direct sales force and through representatives and distributors around the world. Our market strategy is focused on understanding our customers’ requirements and building market awareness and acceptance of our products. New products are continually being produced and introduced to our new and established customers in all markets.

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The Company has undertaken an initiative to centralize the worldwide marketing and sales functions across the Company’s business units. Sales offices have been strategically established to best serve and distribute products to our worldwide customer base. There is significant cooperation, coordination and synergies among our business units that capitalize on the most efficient and appropriate marketing channels to address diverse applications within our markets.

Our sales forces develop effective communications with our OEM and end-user customers worldwide. Products are actively marketed through targeted mailings, telemarketing, select advertising and attendance at trade shows and customer partnerships. Our sales force includes a highly-trained team of application engineers to assist customers in designing, testing and qualifying our parts as key components of our customers’ systems. As of June 30, 2016, we employed 262 individuals in sales, marketing and support.

We do business with a number of customers in the defense industry, who in turn generally contract with a governmental entity, typically a U.S. governmental agency. Most governmental programs are subject to funding approval and can be modified or terminated without warning by a legislative or administrative body. For further information regarding our exposure to government markets, see the discussion set forth in Item 1A – Risk Factors of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Manufacturing Technology and Processes

As noted in the “Our Strategy” section, many of the products we produce depend on our ability to manufacture and refine technically challenging materials and components. The ability to produce, process and refine these complex materials and to control their quality and yields is an expertise of the Company that is critical to the performance of our customers’ instruments and systems. In the markets we serve, there are a limited number of suppliers of many of the components we manufacture and there are very few industry-standard products.

Our network of worldwide manufacturing sites allows us to manufacture our products in regions that provide cost-effective advantages and proximity to our customers. We employ numerous advanced manufacturing technologies and systems at our manufacturing facilities. These include automated Computer Numeric Control optical fabrication, high throughput thin-film coaters, micro-precision metrology and custom-engineered automated furnace controls for crystal growth processes. Manufacturing products for use across the electro-magnetic spectrum requires the capability to repeatedly produce products with high yields to atomic tolerances. We embody a technology and quality mindset that gives our customers the confidence to utilize our products on a just-in-time basis straight into the heart of their production lines.

Export and Import Compliance

We are required to comply with various export/import control and economic sanction laws, including:

Foreign governments have also implemented similar export and import control regulations, which may affect our operations or transactions subject to their jurisdiction. For additional discussions regarding our import and export compliance, see the discussion set forth in Item 1A – Risk Factors of this Annual Report Form on Form 10-K.

Sources of Supply

The major raw materials we use include zinc, selenium, zinc selenide, zinc sulfide, hydrogen selenide, hydrogen sulfide, tellurium, yttrium oxide, aluminum oxide, iridium, platinum, bismuth, silicon, thorium fluoride, antimony, carbon, gallium arsenide, copper, germanium, molybdenum, quartz, optical glass, diamond, and other materials. Excluding our own production, there are more than two external suppliers for all of the above materials except for zinc sulfide, hydrogen selenide and thorium fluoride, for which there is only one proven source of supply outside of the Company’s capabilities, and zinc selenide, for which there are no other proven external

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sources of supply. For many materials, we have entered into purchase arrangements which provide discounts for annual volume purchases in excess of specified amounts.

The continued high-quality of and access to these materials is critical to the stability and predictability of our manufacturing yields. We test materials at the onset of the production process. Additional research and capital investment may be needed to better define future starting material specifications. We have not experienced significant production delays due to shortages of materials. However, we do occasionally experience problems associated with vendor-supplied materials not meeting contract specifications for quality or purity. As discussed in greater detail in Item 1A – Risk Factors, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, significant failure of our suppliers to deliver sufficient quantities of necessary high-quality materials on a timely basis could have a materially adverse effect on our results of our operations.

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Customers

The main groups of customers by segments are as follows:

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Competition

We believe we are a global leader in many of our product families. We compete on the basis of the highly engineered nature of our products, quality, delivery time, technical support and pricing. We believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors and that our vertical integration, manufacturing facilities and equipment, experienced technical and manufacturing employees and worldwide marketing and distribution channels provide us with competitive advantages. The main groups of our competitors are as follows:

In addition to competitors who manufacture products similar to those we produce, there are other technologies and products available that may compete with our technologies and products.

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Bookings and Backlog

We define our bookings as customer orders received that are expected to be converted to revenues over the next twelve months. For long-term customer orders, to address the inherent uncertainty of orders that extend far into the future, the Company records only those orders which are expected to be converted into revenues within twelve months from the end of the reporting period. Bookings are adjusted if changes in customer demands or production schedules move a delivery beyond twelve months. For the year ended June 30, 2016, our bookings were approximately $875 million compared to bookings of approximately $762 million for the year ended June 30, 2015.

We define our backlog as bookings that have not been converted to revenues by the end of the reporting period. As of June 30, 2016, our backlog was approximately $290 million, compared to approximately $242 million at June 30, 2015.

Employees

As of June 30, 2016, we employed approximately 8,927 persons worldwide. Of these employees, approximately 892 were engaged in research, development and engineering, approximately 7,131 in direct production (of which approximately 858 are employees of Photop in China who work under contract manufacturing arrangements for customers of the Company) and the remaining balance of the Company’s employees work in sales and marketing, administration, finance and support services. Our production staff includes highly skilled optical craftsmen. We have a long-standing practice of encouraging active employee participation in areas of operations management. We believe our relations with our employees are good. We reward our employees with incentive compensation based on achievement of performance goals. There are approximately 124 employees located in the United States and the Philippines who are covered under collective bargaining agreements. The Company’s collective bargaining agreement in the Philippines expired in June 2016 and we are in the ordinary course of re-negotiating this agreement. The collective bargaining agreement covering certain U.S. based employees expires in January of 2021.

Trade Secrets, Patents and Trademarks

We rely on a combination of trade secrets, proprietary know-how, invention disclosures, patents and contractual provisions to help us develop and maintain our competitive position with respect to our products and manufacturing processes. We aggressively pursue process and product patents in certain areas of our businesses. We have entered into selective intellectual property licensing agreements.  When faced with potential infringement of our proprietary information, we have in the past and will continue to assert and vigorously protect our intellectual property rights.  We have confidentiality and noncompetition agreements with certain personnel. We require that all U.S. employees sign a confidentiality and noncompetition agreement upon their commencement of employment with us.

The processes and specialized equipment utilized in crystal growth, infrared materials fabrication and infrared optical coatings as developed by us are complex and difficult to duplicate. However, there can be no assurance that others will not develop or patent similar technology or that all aspects of our proprietary technology will be protected. Others have obtained patents covering a variety of infrared optical configurations and processes, and others could obtain patents covering technology similar to our technology. We may be required to obtain licenses under such patents, and there can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain such licenses, if required, on commercially reasonable terms, or that claims regarding rights to technology will not be asserted which may adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, our research and development contracts with agencies of the U.S. Government present a risk that project-specific technology could be disclosed to competitors as contract reporting requirements are fulfilled.

Availability of Information

Our Internet address is www.ii-vi.com. Information contained on our website is not part of, and should not be construed as being incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We post the following reports on our website as soon as reasonably practical after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”): our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports or statements filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. In addition, we post our proxy statements on Schedule 14A related to our annual shareholders’ meetings as well as reports filed by our directors, officers and ten-percent beneficial owners pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, all filings are available via the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). We also make our corporate governance documents available on our website, including the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, governance guidelines and the charters for various board committees. All such documents are located on the Investors page of our website and are available free of charge.

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We caution our investors that our performance is subject to risks and uncertainties. The following material risk factors may cause our future results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statement. You should carefully consider these factors, as well as the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K when evaluating an investment in our securities.

Our Future Success Depends on Continued International Sales

Sales to customers in countries other than the U.S. accounted for approximately 63%, 63% and 65% of revenues during the years ended June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. We anticipate that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. If we do not realize such international sales or if our international sales decrease substantially, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and/or financial condition.

Our Competitive Position Depends on Our Ability to Develop New Products and Processes

To meet our strategic objectives, we must develop, manufacture and market new products and continue to update our existing products and processes to keep pace with market developments to address increasingly sophisticated customer requirements. Our success in developing and selling new and enhanced products and processes depends upon a variety of factors including strategic product selection, efficient completion of product design and development, timely implementation of manufacturing and assembly processes, effective sales and marketing, and successful product performance in the market.

The introduction by our competitors of products or processes using new developments better or faster than ours could render our efforts underway obsolete or unmarketable.  We intend to continue to make significant investments in research and development to achieve our goals.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop and introduce new products or enhancements to our existing products and processes in a manner which satisfies customer needs or achieves market acceptance. The failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our ability to grow our business and maintain our competitive position.  

Investments in Future Markets of Potential Significant Growth May Not Result in Expected Returns

We previously announced an investment program with the goal of gaining a greater share of end markets using semiconductor lasers, especially those used for 3D sensing.  We cannot guarantee that our investments in capital and capabilities will be sufficient.  The potential market may not materialize on the timeline anticipated or at all.  We cannot be sure of the end market price.  Our technology could fail to fulfill, completely or at all, our target customers’ finalized specifications.  We cannot guarantee the end market customers’ acceptance of our technology. Further, we may be unable to fulfill the terms of our contracts with our target customers, which could result in penalties of a material nature, including consequential damages, loss of market share and loss of reputation.

We May Fail to Accurately Estimate Our Customers’ Demand

We make significant decisions based on our estimates of customer requirements.  We use our estimates to determine the levels of business we seek and accept, production schedules, personnel needs and other resource requirements.

Customers may require rapid increases in production on short notice.  We may not be able to purchase sufficient supplies or allocate sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet such increases in demand. Rapid customer ramp up and significant increases in demand may strain our resources or negatively affect our margins.  Inability to satisfy customer demand in a timely manner may harm our reputation, reduce our other opportunities, damage our relationships with customers, reduce revenue growth, and/or incur contractual penalties.

Alternatively, downturns in the industries in which we compete may cause our customers to significantly reduce their demand.  With respect to orders we initiate with our suppliers prior to a downturn to address our customer’s demand, certain suppliers may have required non-cancelable purchase commitments or advance payments, from us, and those obligations and commitments could reduce our ability to adjust our inventory or expense levels to declining market demands. Unexpected decline in customer demands can result in excess or obsolete inventory and result in additional charges.  Because certain of our sales, research and development and internal manufacturing overhead expenses are relatively fixed, a reduction in customer demand may decrease our gross margins and operating income.   

Global Economic Downturns May Adversely Affect Our Business, Operating Results and Financial Condition

Current and future conditions in the global economy have an inherent degree of uncertainty. As a result, it is difficult to estimate the level of growth or contraction for the global economy as a whole. It is even more difficult to estimate growth or contraction in various parts, sectors and regions of the economy, including industrial, military, optical communications, telecommunications, semiconductor, and medical and life science markets in which we participate. All aspects of our company forecast depend on estimates of growth or

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contraction in the markets we serve.  Thus, prevailing global economic uncertainties render estimates of future income and expenditures very difficult to make.

Global economic downturns may affect industries in which our customers operate. These changes could include decreases in the rate of consumption or use of our customers’ products. Such conditions could have a material adverse effect on demand for our customers’ products, and in turn, on demand for our products.

Adverse changes may occur in the future as a result of declining or flat global or regional economic conditions, fluctuations in currency and commodity prices, wavering confidence, capital expenditure reductions, unemployment, decline in stock markets, contraction of credit availability or other factors affecting economic conditions. For example, factors that may affect our operating results include disruption in the credit and financial markets in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere, adverse effects of ongoing stagnation in the European economy, slowdown in the Chinese economy, reductions or limited growth in consumer spending or consumer credit, and other adverse economic conditions that may be specific to the Internet, e-commerce and payments industries.

These changes may negatively affect sales of products and increase exposure to losses from bad debt and commodity prices, the cost and availability of financing, and costs associated with manufacturing and distributing products. Any economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our Global Operations are Complex to Manage

We manufacture products in the United States, China, Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Germany, and Switzerland, and through contract manufacturers in Thailand and China.  We also maintain direct sales offices in Hong Kong, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, the U.K., Belgium, China, Singapore, Italy and South Korea.  Our operations vary by location, are influenced by local customs, languages and work practices as well as different weather conditions, management styles, differences in education from country to country and the  inability of management to always act in a timely manner. In addition, different issues may arise in different countries at the same time, further hampering the management’s ability to respond. Inability to respond to issues in our global operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We Have Entered into Supply Agreements which Commit Us to Supply Products on Specified Terms

We have supply agreements with some customers which require us to supply products and to allocate sufficient capacity to make these products.  We have also agreed to pricing schedules and methodologies which could result in penalties if we fail to meet development, supply and quality commitments.  Failure to do so may cause us to be unable to generate the amount of revenue or the level of profitability we expect from these arrangements.  Our ability to realize a profit under some of these agreements will be subject to the level of customer demand, the cost of maintaining facilities and manufacturing capacity, and supply chain capability.

If we fail to fulfill our commitments under these supply agreements our business, after using all remedies available, financial conditions and results of operations may suffer a material adverse effect.

We Depend on Highly Complex Manufacturing Processes That Require Products from Limited Sources of Supply

Our operations are dependent upon a supply chain of difficult-to-make or difficult-to-refine products and materials.  Some of our product inflow is subject to yield from growth or fabrication operations, and thus the quantities we may receive are not consistently predictable.  Customers may also change the specification for a product that our suppliers cannot meet.

We also make products for which the Company is one of the world’s largest suppliers.  We use high-quality, optical grade zinc selenide (ZnSe) in the production of many of our IR optical products. We are the leading producer of ZnSe for our internal use and for external sale. The production of ZnSe is a complex process requiring a highly controlled environment. A number of factors, including defective or contaminated materials, could adversely affect our ability to achieve acceptable manufacturing yields of high quality ZnSe. No proven external sources of ZnSe are currently available. Lack of adequate availability of high quality ZnSe could have a material adverse effect upon our business. There can be no assurance that we will not experience manufacturing yield inefficiencies which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We produce Hydrogen Selenide gas which is used in our production of ZnSe. There are risks inherent in the production and handling of such material. Our lack of proper handling of Hydrogen Selenide could require us to curtail our production of Hydrogen Selenide. Hydrogen Selenide is available from only one outside source whose quantities and quality may be limited. The cost of purchasing such material is greater than the cost of internal production. As a result, the purchase of a substantial portion of such material from the outside source would increase our ZnSe production costs. Our potential inability to internally produce Hydrogen Selenide could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

In addition, we produce and use other high purity and relatively uncommon materials and compounds to manufacture our products including, but not limited to, Zinc Sulfide (ZnS), Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG), Yttrium Lithium Fluoride (YLF), Calcium Fluoride (CaF₂), Germanium (Ge), Selenium (Se), Telluride (Te), Bismuth Telluride (Bi₂Te₃) and Silicon

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Carbide (SiC). A significant failure of our internal production processes or our suppliers to deliver sufficient quantities of these necessary materials on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our Global Operations Are Subject to Complex Legal and Regulatory Requirements

We manufacture products in the United States, China, Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Germany, and Switzerland, and through contract manufacturers in Thailand and China.  We also maintain direct sales offices in Hong Kong, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, the U.K., Belgium, China, Singapore, Italy and South Korea.  Operations outside of the U.S. are subject to many legal and regulatory requirements, some of which are not aligned with others.  These include tariffs, quotas, taxes and other market barriers, restrictions on the export or import of technology, potentially limited intellectual property protection, customs import and export requirements, anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions, foreign investment rules and regulations, data privacy requirements, anti-competition laws, employment and labor laws, pensions and social insurance,  and environmental health, and safety laws and regulations.

Compliance with these laws and regulations can be onerous and expensive, and requirements differ among jurisdictions.  New laws, changes in existing laws and abrogation of local regulations by national laws result in significant uncertainties in how they will be interpreted and enforced. Failure to comply with any of these foreign laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We May Encounter Substantial Competition

We may encounter substantial competition from other companies in the same market, including established companies with significant resources. Some of our competitors may have financial, technical, marketing or other capabilities that are more extensive than ours.  They may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and other competitive pressures. We may not be able to compete successfully against our present or future competitors.  Our failure to effectively compete could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our Competitive Position May Require Significant Investments in Strategic Acquisitions

We continuously monitor the marketplace for strategic opportunities, and our business strategy includes expanding our product lines and markets through both internal product development and acquisitions.  Consequently, we expect to continue to consider strategic acquisition of businesses, products or technologies complementary to our business.  This may require significant investments of management time and financial resources.  If market demand is outside our organic capabilities, if a strategic acquisition is required and we cannot identify one or execute on it, and/or if the financial investments do not result in a significant return on investment or the ability to serve our credit facility covenants due to inability to integrate the business, retain staff, or work with the customers, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Declines in the Operating Performance of One of Our Business Segments Could Result in an Impairment of the Segment’s Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

As of June 30, 2016, we had goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets of approximately $233.8 million and $14.1 million, respectively, on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we test our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or when an indication of possible impairment exists, to determine whether the carrying value of our assets is still supported by the fair value of the underlying business. To the extent that it is not, we are required to record an impairment charge to reduce the asset to fair value. A decline in the operating performance of any of our business segments could result in an impairment charge which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

There Are Limitations on the Protection of Our Intellectual Property

We rely on a combination of trade secret, patent, copyright and trademark laws combined with employee confidentiality, noncompetition and nondisclosure agreements to protect our intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of our technology or intellectual property. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that third-parties will not assert infringement claims against us in the future.

Asserting our intellectual property rights or defending against third-party claims could involve substantial expense.  In the event a third-party were successful in a claim that one of our processes infringed its proprietary rights, we could be required to pay substantial damages or royalties, or spend substantial amounts in order to obtain a license or modify processes so that they no longer infringe such proprietary rights.  Any such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

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We Are Subject to Governmental Import and Export Regulations

We are subject to the passage of and changes in the interpretation of regulation by U.S. government entities at the federal, state and local levels and non-U.S. agencies, including, but not limited to, the following:

Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could result in civil and criminal, monetary and non-monetary penalties, disruptions to our business, limitations on our ability to import and export products and services and damage to our reputation.

We Have Agreements with Government Entities

Our agreements relating to the sale of products to government entities may be subject to termination, reduction or modification in the event of changes in government requirements, reductions in federal spending and other factors. We are also subject to investigation and audit for compliance with the requirements of government contracts, including procurement integrity, export control, employment practices, the accuracy of records and the recording of costs.  Failure to comply with these requirements might result in suspension of these contracts and suspension or debarment from government contracting or subcontracting.

We Use and Generate Hazardous Substances that Are Subject to Stringent Environmental Regulations

Hazardous substances used or generated in our research and manufacturing facilities are subject to stringent environmental regulation. We believe that our handling of such substances is in material compliance with applicable local, state and federal environmental, safety and health regulations at each operating location. We invest substantially in proper protective equipment, process controls and specialized training to minimize risks to employees, surrounding communities and the environment that could result from the presence and handling of such hazardous substances. We regularly conduct employee physical examinations and workplace monitoring regarding such substances. When exposure problems or potential exposure problems have been uncovered, corrective actions have been implemented and re-occurrence has been minimal or non-existent.

We have in place an emergency response plan with respect to our generation and use of the hazardous substance Hydrogen Selenide. Special attention has been given to all procedures pertaining to this gaseous material to minimize the chances of its accidental release into the atmosphere.

With respect to the manufacturing, use, storage and disposal of the low-level radioactive material Thorium Fluoride, our facilities and procedures have been inspected and licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Thorium-bearing by-products are collected and shipped as solid waste to a government-approved low-level radioactive waste disposal site in Clive, Utah.

The generation, use, collection, storage and disposal of all other hazardous by-products, such as suspended solids containing heavy metals or airborne particulates, are believed by us to be in material compliance with regulations. We believe that we have obtained all of the permits and licenses required for operation of our business.

We do not carry environmental impairment insurance. And, although we do not know of any material environmental, safety or health problems in our properties or processes, there can be no assurance that problems will not develop in the future which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We May Be Adversely Affected by Climate Change Regulations

In many of the countries in which we operate, government bodies are increasingly enacting legislation and regulations in response to potential impacts of climate change. These laws and regulations may be mandatory. They have the potential to impact our operations directly or indirectly as a result of required compliance by our customers or our supply chain. Inconsistency of regulations may also affect the costs of compliance with such laws and regulations. Assessments of the potential impact of future climate change legislation, regulation and international treaties and accords are uncertain, given the wide scope of potential regulatory change in countries in which we operate.

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We may incur increased capital expenditures resulting from required compliance with revised or new legislation or regulations, added costs to purchase or lower profits from sales of our products, allowances or credits under a “cap and trade” system, increased insurance premiums and deductibles as new actuarial tables are developed to reshape coverage, a change in competitive position relative to industry peers, and changes to profit or loss arising from increased or decreased demand for goods produced by us and indirectly, from changes in costs of goods sold.

Data Breach Incidents and Breakdown of Information and Communication Technologies Could Disrupt our Operations and Impact Our Financial Results

In the course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property both proprietary and of our customers, as well as proprietary business information. We could be subject to service outages or breaches of security systems which may result in disruption, unauthorized access, misappropriation, or corruption of this information. Security breaches of our network or data including physical or electronic break-ins, vendor service outages, computer viruses, attacks by hackers or similar breaches can create system disruptions, shutdowns, or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Although we have not experienced an incident, if we are unable to prevent such security or privacy breaches, our operations would be disrupted or we could suffer legal claims, loss of reputation, financial loss, property damage, or regulatory penalties because of lost or misappropriated information.

Some Systems That Use our Products Are Complex in Design and May Contain Defects that Are Not Detected Until Deployed Which Could Increase Our Costs and Reduce Our Revenues

Some systems that use our products are inherently complex in design and require ongoing maintenance. Our customers may discover defects in our products after the products have been fully deployed and operated under peak stress conditions. In addition, some of our products are combined with products from other vendors which may contain defects. Should problems occur, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. If we are unable to correct defects or other problems, we could experience, among other things loss of customers, increased costs of product returns and warranty expenses, damage to our brand reputation, failure to attract new customers or achieve market acceptance, diversion of development and engineering resources, or legal action by our customers.

The occurrence of any one or more of the foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Significant Defense Spending Cuts and/or Reductions in Defense Programs Could Adversely Impact Our Business

Specific to the military business within our II-VI Laser Solutions and II-VI Performance Products segments, sales to customers in the defense industry totaled approximately 12% of revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016. These customers generally contract with a governmental entity, typically a U.S. governmental agency. Future reductions in defense spending could result from the current or future economic or political environment.  For example, the ongoing sequestration of the defense budget could result in reductions in demand for defense-related products that we produce. Further, changes to existing defense procurement laws and regulations could adversely affect our results of operations.  Most governmental programs are subject to funding approval and can be modified or terminated with no warning upon the determination of a legislative or administrative body. The loss of or failure to obtain certain contracts or the loss of a major government customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Changes in Tax Rates, Tax Liabilities or Tax Accounting Rules Could Affect Future Results

As a global company, we are subject to taxation in the U.S. and various other countries and jurisdictions. As such, we must exercise a level of judgment in determining our worldwide tax liabilities. Our future tax rates could be affected by changes in the composition of earnings in countries with differing tax rates or changes in tax laws. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings may have a significantly adverse impact on our effective tax rate. For example, proposals for fundamental U.S. international tax reform, if enacted, could have a significant adverse impact on our effective tax rate. In addition, we are subject to regular examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of favorable or unfavorable outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that any final determination will not be materially different than the treatment reflected in our historical income tax provision and accruals, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operation or financial condition.

Our Success Depends on Our Ability to Retain Key Personnel

We are highly dependent upon the experience and continuing services of certain scientists, engineers, production and management personnel. Competition for the services of these personnel is intense.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain or

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attract the personnel necessary for our success. The loss of the services of our key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Natural Disasters or Other Global or Regional Catastrophic Events Could Disrupt Our Operations and Adversely Affect Our Results

We may be exposed to business interruptions due to catastrophe, natural disaster, pandemic, terrorism or acts of war that are beyond our control. Disruptions to our facilities or systems, or to those of our key suppliers, could also interrupt operational processes and adversely impact our ability to manufacture our products and provide services and support to our customers. As a result, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

A Significant Portion of Our Business is Dependent on Cyclical Industries

Our business is significantly dependent on the demand for products produced by end-users of industrial lasers and optical communication products. Many of these end-users are in industries that have historically experienced a highly cyclical demand for their products. As a result, demand for our products is subject to these cyclical fluctuations. Fluctuations in demand could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Increases in Commodity Prices May Adversely Affect Our Results of Operations and Financial Condition

We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including the effects of increases in commodity prices. Our businesses purchase, produce and sell high purity selenium and other raw materials based upon quoted market prices from minor metal exchanges. The negative impact from increases in commodity prices may not be recovered through our product sales which could have a material adverse effect on our net earnings and financial condition.

Regulations Related to Conflict Minerals Could Adversely Impact Our Business

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act contain provisions to improve transparency and accountability concerning the supply of gold, columbite-tantalite (coltan), cassiterite and wolframite, including their derivatives, which are limited to tantalum, tin and tungsten, known as “conflict minerals,” originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and adjoining countries (collectively known as the "covered countries"). Pursuant to these rules, the SEC has adopted certain annual disclosure and reporting requirements for those companies that use conflict minerals in their products, regardless of whether such minerals were mined from the covered countries, compliance with which began in 2014. We could incur significant costs associated with complying with these disclosure requirements, including costs related to our due diligence efforts to determine the sources of any conflict minerals used in our products. These rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply and pricing of materials we use in our products, particularly if there are only a limited number of suppliers offering conflict minerals that are from recycled or scrap sources, cannot be traced to a country of origin other than the covered countries, or cannot be traced to a source within the covered countries that does not finance or benefit armed groups in those countries. We cannot be sure that we will be able to obtain products from such suppliers in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices. Also, we may face reputational challenges if we determine that certain of our products contain conflict minerals originating from the covered countries and we cannot definitively determine whether the conflict minerals financed or otherwise benefited armed groups, or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins of all of the conflict minerals used in our products through the due diligence procedures we implement.

The Market Price of Our Common Stock Can Be Highly Volatile

Factors that could cause fluctuation in our stock price include, among other things, general economic and market conditions, actual or anticipated variations in operating results, changes in financial estimates by securities analysts, our inability to meet or exceed securities analysts’ estimates or expectations, conditions or trends in the industries in which our products are purchased, announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, divestitures, joint ventures or other strategic initiatives, capital commitments, additions or departures of key personnel and sales of our Common Stock.

Many of these factors are beyond our control. However, these factors could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline, regardless of our actual operating performance.

Provisions in Our Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws May Limit the Price that Investors May be Willing to Pay in the Future for Shares of Our Common Stock

Our Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws contain provisions that could make us a less attractive target for a hostile takeover and could make more difficult or discourage a merger proposal, a tender offer or a proxy contest. Such provisions include:

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In addition, the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law contains provisions that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company. All of these provisions may limit the price that investors may be willing to pay for shares of our Common Stock.

Because We Do Not Currently Intend to Pay Dividends, Shareholders Will Benefit From an Investment in our Common Stock Only if it Appreciates in Value

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our Common Stock, and do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.  We currently anticipate that we will retain any future earnings to support operations and to finance the development of our business. As a result, the success of an investment in our Common Stock will depend entirely upon future appreciation in its value. There is no guarantee that our Common Stock will maintain its value or appreciate in value.  

None.

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Information regarding our principal U.S. properties at June 30, 2016 is set forth below:

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Information regarding our principal foreign properties at June 30, 2016 is set forth below:

The square footage listed for each of the above properties represents facility square footage, except in the case of the Philippines location, which includes land.

The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in various claims and lawsuits incidental to its business. The resolution of each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties, and it is possible that these matters may be resolved unfavorably to the Company. Management believes, after consulting with legal counsel, that the ultimate liabilities, if any, resulting from such legal proceedings will not materially affect the Company’s financial condition, liquidity or results of operation.

Not applicable.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

The executive officers of the Company and their respective ages and positions as of June 30, 2016 are set forth below. Each executive officer listed has been appointed by the Board of Directors to serve until removed or until such person’s successor is appointed and qualified.

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Francis J. Kramer  joined II-VI in 1983, served as its President from 1985 to 2014, its Chief Executive Officer since 2007, and its Chairman and CEO from 2014 to 2016. Mr. Kramer will retire as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer effective September 1, 2016 and will serve as the Company’s Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mr. Kramer holds a B.S. degree in Industrial Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh and an M.S. degree in Industrial Administration from Purdue University. Mr. Kramer has served as director of Barnes Group Inc., a publicly traded aerospace and industrial manufacturing company (NYSE: B), since 2012. Mr. Kramer provides our Board and the Company with guidance on our growth strategy, in particular on the profitable and sustainable execution of the strategy to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. He contributes considerable business development experience, having completed 20 acquisitions in 20 years adding nearly $700 million of revenue and significant operations experience, relevant to our vertical integration strategy and globalization.

Vincent D. Mattera, Jr. joined II-VI in 2004, and was recently named the Company’s Chief Executive Officer effective September 1, 2016. Dr. Mattera has been serving in the role of President since 2014 and Chief Operating Office since 2013. Prior to that time, he served in several executive capacities. Dr. Mattera joined II-VI following a 20 year career at Agere Systems, Lucent Technologies, and AT&T Bell Laboratories. Dr. Mattera previously served as a non-employee director of the Company from 2000 through 2002. Dr. Mattera holds B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Chemistry from the University of Rhode Island and Brown University, respectively.

Mary Jane Raymond has been Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company since March 2014. Previously, Ms. Raymond was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Hudson Global, Inc. (NASDAQ: HSON) from 2005 to 2013. Ms. Raymond was the Chief Risk Officer and Vice President and Corporate Controller at Dun and Bradstreet, Inc. from 2002 to 2005. Additionally, she was the Vice President, Merger Integration at Lucent Technologies, Inc. from 1997 to 2002 and held several management positions at Cummins Engine Company from 1988 to 1997. Ms. Raymond holds a B.A. degree in Public Management from St. Joseph’s University, and an MBA from Stanford University.

Gary A. Kapusta joined II-VI in February 2016 serving as Chief Operating Officer. Prior to his employment with the Company, Mr. Kapusta served in various roles at Coca-Cola, including as President & Chief Executive Officer, Coca-Cola Bottlers’ Sales & Services L.L.C., President, Customer Business Solutions and Vice President, Procurement Transformation, Coca-Cola Refreshments. He joined Coca-Cola following a 19 year career at Agere Systems, Lucent Technologies, and AT&T.  Mr. Kapusta graduated from University of Pittsburgh with B.S. and M.S. degrees in Industrial Engineering and an M.B.A from Lehigh University.  

Giovanni Barbarossa joined II-VI in 2012 and has been the President, Laser Solutions Segment since 2014 and the Chief Technology Officer since 2012. Dr. Barbarossa was employed at Avanex Corporation from 2000 through 2009, serving in various executive positions in product development and general management, ultimately serving as President and Chief Executive Officer. When Avanex merged with Bookham Technology, forming Oclaro, Dr. Barbarossa became a member of the Board of Directors of Oclaro and served as such from 2009 to 2011. Previously, he had management responsibilities at British Telecom, AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, and Hewlett-Packard. Dr. Barbarossa graduated from the University of Bari, Italy with a B.S. in Electrical Engineering and a Ph.D. in Photonics from the University of Glasgow, U.K.

David G. Wagner has been employed by the Company since 2008 and has been the Vice President, Human Resources since 2011 Prior to his employment with the Company, Mr. Wagner was employed with Owens Corning (NYSE: OC) from 1985-2008, serving in various human resource management positions, ultimately becoming the Vice President, Human Resources for Owens Corning’s global sales forces. Mr. Wagner graduated with a B.S. degree in Human Resources Management from Juniata College in 1985.   

Walter R. Bashaw II has been engaged by the Company since December 2015 to act as its Interim General Counsel.  Mr. Bashaw is also a Managing Shareholder and Director of the law firm of Sherrard, German & Kelly, P.C. in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he has practiced law since 1993.  His role as Interim General Counsel to the Company is pursuant to a secondment arrangement between the Company and the Sherrard, German & Kelly, P.C. law firm.  Mr. Bashaw graduated from Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in Logistics and a J.D. from the University of Pittsburgh College of Law.

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PART II

The Company’s Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “IIVI.” The following table sets forth the range of high and low trading prices per share of the Company’s Common Stock for the fiscal periods indicated, as reported by NASDAQ.

On August 19, 2016, the last reported sale price for the Company’s Common Stock was $21.67 per share. As of such date, there were approximately 1,236 holders of record of our Common Stock. The Company historically has not paid cash dividends and does not presently anticipate paying cash dividends in the future.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

In August 2014, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase up to $50.0 million of its Common Stock. The repurchase program calls for shares to be purchased in the open market or in private transactions from time to time. Shares purchased by the Company are retained as treasury stock and available for general corporate purposes. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 the Company purchased 380,538 shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the repurchase program for approximately $6.3 million. Since inception of the Plan, the Company has repurchased 1,316,587 shares of its Common Stock for approximately $19.0 million.

The following table provides information with respect to purchases of the Company’s equity securities during the quarter ended June 30, 2016.

The information incorporated by reference in Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K from our 2016 Proxy Statement under the heading “Equity Compensation Plan Information” is hereby also incorporated by reference into this Item 5.

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PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The following graph compares cumulative total shareholder return on the Company’s Common Stock with the cumulative total shareholder return of the Nasdaq Composite Index and with a peer group of companies constructed by the Company for the period from June 30, 2011, through June 30, 2016. The Company’s peer group includes Cabot Microelectronics Corporation, Franklin Electric Co., Inc., MKS Instruments, Inc., Rofin-Sinar Technologies, Inc. and Silicon Laboratories.

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Five-Year Financial Summary

The following selected financial data for the five fiscal years presented are derived from the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements as adjusted to reflect the II-VI Performance Metals tellurium product line as a discontinued operation. All periods presented have been adjusted to present this product line on a discontinued operations basis. The data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are also identified by words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects” or similar expressions. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including those potential risks set forth in Item 1A, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Overview

The Company generates revenues, earnings and cash flows from developing, manufacturing and marketing engineered materials and optoelectronic components and devices for precision use in industrial, optical communications, military, semiconductor, medical and life science, and consumer applications. We also generate revenue, earnings and cash flows from government funded research and development contracts relating to the development and manufacture of new technologies, materials and products.

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Our customer base includes OEMs, laser end-users, system integrators of high-power lasers, manufacturers of equipment and devices for the industrial, optical communications, military, semiconductor, medical and life science markets, consumer, U.S. government prime contractors, various U.S. Government agencies and thermoelectric integrators.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations requires the Company’s management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in its Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Note 1 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies and accounting methods used in the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Management believes the Company’s critical accounting estimates are those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, warranty reserves, inventory valuation, business combinations, valuation of long-lived assets including acquired intangibles and goodwill, accrual of bonus and profit sharing estimates, accrual of income tax liability estimates and accounting for share-based compensation. Management believes these estimates to be critical because they are both important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, and they require management to make judgments and estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.

Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee has reviewed the related disclosure. In addition, there are other items within our financial statements that require estimation, but are not deemed critical as described above. Changes in estimates used in these and other items could have a material impact on the financial statements.

Revenues for product shipments are realizable when we have persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement, the product has been shipped or delivered, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Title and risk of loss passes from the Company to its customer at the time of shipment in most cases, with the exception of certain customers for whom customer’s title does not pass and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the product at its physical location.

The Company’s revenue recognition policy is consistently applied across the Company’s segments, product lines and geographical locations. Further for the periods covered herein, we did not have post shipment obligations such as training or installation, customer acceptance provisions, credits and discounts, rebates and price protection or other similar privileges. Our distributors and agents are not granted price protection. Our distributors and agents, who comprise less than 10% of consolidated revenue, have no additional product return rights beyond the right to return defective products covered by our warranty policy. We believe our revenue recognition practices are consistent with Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 104 and that we have adequately considered the requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605 Revenue Recognition. Revenues generated from transactions other than product shipments are contract-related and have historically accounted for less than 2% of the Company’s consolidated revenues.

The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and believes the collection of revenues, net of this reserve, is reasonably assured. The allowance for doubtful accounts is an estimate for potential non-collection of accounts receivable based on historical experience. The Company did not experience a non-collection of accounts receivable materially affecting its financial condition or results of operations as of and for each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, causing an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional provisions for bad debts could be required in future periods. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts reserve estimates have historically been proven to be materially correct based upon actual charges incurred.

The Company records a warranty reserve as a charge against earnings based on a historical percentage of revenues utilizing actual returns over a period that approximates historical warranty experience. If actual returns in the future are not consistent with the historical data used to calculate these estimates, additional warranty reserves could be required. The Company’s warranty reserve estimates have historically been proven to be materially correct based upon actual charges incurred.

The Company records an inventory reserve as a charge against earnings for all products on hand for more than twelve to twenty-four months, depending on the products that have not been sold to customers or cannot be further manufactured for sale to alternative customers. An additional reserve is recorded for products on hand that are in excess of product sold to customers over the same periods noted above. If actual market conditions are less favorable than projected, additional inventory reserves may be required. The Company’s inventory reserve estimates have historically been proven to be materially correct based upon actual write-offs incurred.

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The Company accounts for business acquisitions by establishing the acquisition-date fair value as the measurement for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Certain provisions of U.S. GAAP prescribe, among other things, the determination of acquisition-date fair value of consideration paid in a business combination (including contingent consideration) and the exclusion of transaction and acquisition-related restructuring costs from acquisition accounting.

The Company tests goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets on an annual basis for impairment or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets might be impaired. Other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The determination of the estimated useful lives of other intangible assets and whether goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles are impaired requires us to make judgments based upon long-term projections of future performance. Estimates of fair value are based on our projection of revenues, operating costs and cash flows of each reporting unit considering historical and anticipated results and general economic and market conditions. The fair values of the reporting units are determined using a discounted cash flow analysis based on historical and projected financial information as well as market analysis. The annual goodwill impairment analysis considers the financial projections of the reporting unit based on our most recently completed long-term strategic planning processes and also considers the current financial performance compared to our prior projections of the reporting unit. Changes in our internal structuring, financial performance, judgments and projections could result in an impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets.

The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment of goodwill prior to completing the two-step process described above to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill and other intangible assets. If the Company concludes that this is the case, it must perform the two-step process. Otherwise, the Company will forego the two-step process and does not need to perform any further testing.

As a result of the purchase price allocations from our acquisitions, and due to our decentralized structure, our goodwill is included in multiple reporting units which are the same as the Company’s operating segments. Due to the cyclical nature of our business, and the other factors described in the section on Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the profitability of our individual reporting units may periodically suffer from downturns in customer demand, operational challenges and other factors. These factors may have a relatively more pronounced impact on the individual reporting units as compared to the Company as a whole, and might adversely affect the fair value of the individual reporting units. If material adverse conditions occur that impact one or more of our reporting units, our determination of future fair value may not support the carrying amount of one or more of our reporting units, and the related goodwill would need to be impaired.

Based upon our annual quantitative goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment tests, the Company did not record any impairments of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016.

The Company records certain bonus and profit sharing estimates as a charge against earnings. These estimates are adjusted to actual based on final results of operations achieved during the fiscal year. Certain partial bonus amounts are paid quarterly based on interim company performance, and the remainder is paid after the fiscal year end. Other bonuses are paid annually.

The Company prepares and files tax returns based on its interpretation of tax laws and regulations and records estimates based on these judgments and interpretations. In the normal course of business, the Company’s tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities, which may result in future tax, interest and penalty assessments by these authorities. Inherent uncertainties exist in estimates of many tax positions due to changes in tax law resulting from legislation, regulation and/or as concluded through the various jurisdictions’ tax court systems. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted for changes in facts and circumstances. For example, adjustments could result from significant amendments to existing tax law and the issuance of regulations or interpretations by the taxing authorities, new information obtained during a tax examination, or resolution of an examination. The Company believes that its estimates for uncertain tax positions are appropriate and sufficient to pay assessments that may result from examinations of its tax returns. The Company recognizes both accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

The Company has recorded valuation allowances against certain of its deferred tax assets, primarily those that have been generated from net operating losses in certain foreign taxing jurisdictions and acquired U.S. carryforwards. The Company adopted an accounting policy to apply acquired deferred tax liabilities to pre-existing deferred tax assets before evaluating the need for a valuation allowance for acquired deferred tax assets. During fiscal year 2016, the Company recorded a $36.2 million valuation allowance as part of its purchase accounting. In evaluating whether the Company would more likely than not recover these deferred tax assets, it has not assumed any future taxable income or tax planning strategies in the jurisdictions associated with these carry-forwards where history does not support such an assumption. Implementation of tax planning strategies to recover these deferred tax assets or future income

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generation in these jurisdictions could lead to the reversal of these valuation allowances and a reduction of income tax expense. During fiscal year 2016, $8.5 million of a valuation allowance impacted income tax expense.

The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grantees, which generally equals the vesting period. The Company utilized the Black-Scholes valuation model for estimating the fair value of share-based equity expense using assumptions such as the risk-free interest rate, expected stock price volatility, expected stock option life and expected dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the average U.S. Treasury Note rate during the period, which approximates the rate in effect at the time of grant related to the expected life of the options. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s Common Stock over the period commensurate with the expected life of the options. The expected life calculation is based on the observed time to post-vesting exercise and/or forfeitures of options by our employees. The dividend yield is zero, based on the fact the Company has never paid cash dividends and has no current intention to pay cash dividends in the future.

Fiscal Year 2016 Compared to Fiscal Year 2015

The Company aligns its organizational structure into the following three reporting segments for the purpose of making operational decisions and assessing financial performance: (i) II-VI Laser Solutions, (ii) II-VI Photonics, and (iii) II-VI Performance Products. The Company is reporting financial information (revenue through operating income) for these reporting segments in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table sets forth bookings and select items from our Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the years ended June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015 ($ in millions except per share information):

Executive Summary

Net earnings for fiscal year 2016 were $65.5 million ($1.04 per-share diluted), compared to $66.0 million ($1.05 per-share diluted) for the same period last fiscal year. The acquisitions of EpiWorks and ANADIGICS contributed approximately $13.9 million in revenues but were dilutive to earnings. Including the operating losses of these two acquisitions, as well as acquisition related expenses and one-time severance expenses, the negative impact of these acquisitions to the Company’s results of operations during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 was $20.2 million, or $0.32 per share diluted. Offsetting the losses from the recent acquisitions were strong financial results experienced by the Company’s II-VI Photonics segment. This segment realized revenue increases of over 25% during the current fiscal year compared to last fiscal year which drove stronger earnings from the incremental margins realized. The revenue increase for this segment was driven by broad-based demand across the whole spectrum of optical communication markets, including data center infrastructure build-outs, China broadband initiatives and continued expansion of undersea network deployment. The current year operating results included increased income tax expense as the Company recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $8.5 million or $0.14 per share diluted on certain U.S. based deferred income tax assets.

Consolidated

Bookings. Bookings are defined as customer orders received that are expected to be converted to revenues over the next twelve months. For long-term customer orders, the Company does not include in bookings the portion of the customer order that is beyond

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twelve months, due to the inherent uncertainty of such an order that far out in the future.  Bookings for the year ended June 30, 2016 increased 15% to $875.3 million, compared to $761.7 million for the same period last fiscal year. All of the Company’s operating segments experienced stronger booking volumes compared to last year. The increase in bookings was primarily lead by II-VI Photonics which realized increased bookings of $89.3 million or 32% over the prior fiscal year. This segment has continued to experience strong orders from the China broadband buildout program as well as increased demand for 100G metro deployments in the United States and continued demand for products that serve the data center expansion. 

Revenues. Revenues for the year ended June 30, 2016 increased 11% to $827.2 million, compared to $742.0 million for the prior fiscal year. The increase in revenues for the year ended June 30, 2016 was driven by optical and data communication markets continuing to undergo a cycle of investment and expansion. The Company’s II-VI Photonics segment has capitalized on these markets dynamics and realized increased revenues of $65.1 million for the current fiscal year compared to last fiscal year.   

Gross margin. Gross margin for the year ended June 30, 2016 was $312.8 million, or 37.8%, of total revenues, compared to $271.6 million, or 36.6%, of total revenues for the same period last fiscal year.  The improvement in gross margin for the year ended June 30, 2016 compared to last fiscal year was primarily driven by incremental margins realized on the Company’s higher revenue levels as well as product mix at II-VI Photonics towards higher margin products relating to 980 nm pumps and undersea network deployments. The inclusion of the recent acquisitions did not have a material impact to the current year’s gross margin but going forward, the Company’s anticipates the margin to be impacted somewhat by the lower margin profile that each of EpiWorks and ANADIGICS historically has realized.

Internal research and development. Company-funded internal research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 were $60.4 million, or 7.3% of revenues, compared to $51.3 million, or 6.9% of revenues, last fiscal year.  The increase in internal research and development expense is the result of the Company’s continued investments in the development of the technology required to fabricate VCSELs in large volume for future applications as well as new product introductions across the Company’s business units. The Company anticipates the internal research and development expenses as a percentage of revenues to continue to increase as the Company continues to invest in its growth strategy around high-volume VCSELs platform.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the year ended June 30, 2016 were $160.6 million, or 19.4% of revenues, compared to $143.5 million, or 19.3% of revenues, last fiscal year. The increase in SG&A expense in relative dollars was primarily due to the current year acquisitions’ transaction expenses and severance totaling approximately $11.3 million. The remaining increase in relative dollars was to support a higher revenue base in the current fiscal year.   

Interest and other, net. Interest and other, net for the year ended June 30, 2016 was expense of $1.9 million compared to income of $2.3 million last fiscal year.  Included in interest and other, net for the year ended June 30, 2016 were earnings on the Company’s equity interest in Guangdong Fuxin Electronic Technology (“Fuxin”), interest expense on borrowings, interest income on excess cash reserves, and unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s deferred compensation plan and foreign currency gains and losses. The current fiscal year expense of $1.9 million includes $3.1 million of interest expense on the Company’s outstanding borrowings offset by $1.2 million of interest income on the Company’s excess cash reserves. The prior year’s income of $2.3 million primarily included a one-time settlement gain of $7.7 million related to certain payment obligations from prior year acquisitions offset by foreign currency losses of $2.2 million and $2.0 million impairment charge on certain tradenames in the II-VI Photonics segment.

Income taxes. The Company’s year-to-date effective income tax rate at June 30, 2016 was 27.3%, compared to an effective tax rate of 16.6% last fiscal year. The variation between the Company’s effective tax rate from continuing operations and the U.S. statutory rate of 35% was primarily due to the Company’s foreign operations, which are subject to income taxes at lower statutory rates. The higher effective tax rate during the current fiscal year is due to an $8.5 million valuation allowance against certain U.S. based deferred tax assets.

Segment Reporting

Bookings, revenues and operating income for each of the Company’s reportable segments are discussed below. Operating income differs from income from operations in that operating income excludes certain operational expenses included in other expense (income) – net as reported. Management believes operating income to be a useful measure for investors, as it reflects the results of segment performance over which management has direct control and is used by management in its evaluation of segment performance. See “Note 11. Segment and Geographic Reporting,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on the Company’s reportable segments and for the reconciliation of operating income to net earnings, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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II-VI Laser Solutions ($ in millions)

The Company’s II-VI Laser Solutions segment includes the combined operations of II-VI Infrared Optics, II-VI HIGHYAG, II-VI Laser Enterprise, II-VI Suwtech and, II-VI LaserTech, II-VI OptoElectronic Devices Division, and II-VI EpiWorks. The Company acquired II-VI EpiWorks on February 1, 2016 and II-VI OptoElectronic Devices Division, formerly known as ANADIGICS, on March 15, 2016.

Bookings for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 for II-VI Laser Solutions increased 7% to $306.0 million, compared to $284.8 million last fiscal year. Included in the current year’s bookings amounts was $14.3 million of bookings attributed to the current year acquisitions.  Exclusive of this amount, bookings increased approximately $6.9 million driven by demand for one-micron components for the industrial materials processing market as well higher aftermarket demand for the segment’s CO₂ laser optics.  

Revenues for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 for II-VI Laser Solutions increased 5% to $303.0 million, compared to revenues of $287.9 million last fiscal year. Included in the current year’s revenue amount was $13.9 million of revenue attributed to the current year acquisitions.  Exclusive of this amount, revenues were consistent with that of the prior fiscal year levels.  

Operating income for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016 for II-VI Laser Solutions decreased 34% to $36.2 million, compared to $55.0 million last fiscal year. The decrease in operating income compared to last fiscal year was primarily due to the inclusion of the operating results of the current year acquisitions.  Operating income was also negatively impacted by acquisition related transaction and severance expenses of $11.3 million.

II-VI Photonics ($ in millions)

The Company’s II-VI Photonics segment includes the combined operations of II-VI Photop and II-VI Optical Communications.

Bookings for the year ended June 30, 2016 for II-VI Photonics increased 32% to $372.2 million, compared to $282.9 million for the prior fiscal year. The increase in bookings was the result of market demand from the China broadband build-out, 100G metro deployments in the United States and undersea 980 nanometer pumps and high performance optical amplifiers.

Revenues for the year ended June 30, 2016 for II-VI Photonics increased 25% to $325.9 million, compared to $260.8 million for last fiscal year. The increase in revenues compared to last fiscal year was mainly attributable to increased customer demand for optical components and modules for the new deployment of CATV optical networks, the continued strength of the China broadband program by the government to extend the fiber to the home deployment, 4G wireless deployment, and accelerated 5G wireless development.

Operating income for the year ended June 30, 2016 for II-VI Photonics increased 425% to $37.8 million, compared to an operating income of $7.2 million last fiscal year.  The increase in operating income was primarily due to incremental margins realized on the higher revenue levels as well as product mix to higher margin products including 980 nm pumps and optical amplifiers.  

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II-VI Performance Products ($ in millions)

The Company’s II-VI Performance Products segment includes the business units of II-VI Marlow, II-VI M Cubed, II-VI Advanced Materials, II-VI Optical Systems and II-VI Performance Metals.

Bookings for the year ended June 30, 2016 for II-VI Performance Products increased 2% to $197.1 million, compared to $194.0 million for last fiscal year. The moderate increase in bookings during the current fiscal year was driven by increased demand of silicon carbide substrates used in RF applications.  

Revenues for the year ended June 30, 2016 for II-VI Performance Products increased 3% to $198.3 million, compared to $193.3 million for last fiscal year. The increase in revenues during the current fiscal year was due to increased shipments of military and personal comfort related products. 

Operating income for the year ended June 30, 2016 for II-VI Performance Products increased 22% to $17.8 million, compared to $14.6 million for last fiscal year. The increase in operating income from the prior fiscal year is a combination of higher revenue levels as well a shift in product mix to higher margin products primarily serving the segment’s military markets. 

Fiscal Year 2015 Compared to Fiscal Year 2014

The following table sets forth bookings and select items from our Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014. ($ millions, except per share information):

Consolidated

Bookings. Bookings for the year ended June 30, 2015 increased 10% to $761.7 million, compared to $691.3 million for the 2014 fiscal year. The increase in bookings was mostly attributable to a full year of bookings from the acquisitions of II-VI Laser Enterprise and II-VI Network Solutions. In addition, the II-VI HIGHYAG business within the II-VI Laser Solutions segment recorded increased bookings for fiber beam delivery systems and laser processing heads used in automotive manufacturing.

Revenues. Revenues for the year ended June 30, 2015 increased 9% to $742.0 million, compared to $683.3 million for fiscal year June 30, 2014. The increase in revenues was mostly attributable to a full year of revenues from the acquisitions of II-VI Laser Enterprise and II-VI Network Solutions. In addition, increased revenues at II-VI HIGHYAG from the automotive markets as well as

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higher revenues at II-VI Photonics driven by increased demand across a variety of products, such as optical components and modules required by global cable television operators for their broadband initiatives and ongoing investments drove this increase. Somewhat offsetting these higher revenue levels was a decrease in shipment volumes at the Company’s military related businesses, driven primarily by reduced U.S. defense spending.

Gross margin. Gross margin as a percentage of revenues for the year ended June 30, 2015 was 36.6%, compared to 33.2% for fiscal year June 30, 2014. The increase in gross margin during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015 was primarily the result of the incremental margin realized on the 9% revenue increase during this period and the elimination of unprofitable product lines. In addition, as noted above, the Company begun to realize synergies and operational improvements in connection with its fiscal year 2014 acquisitions, which resulted in higher margin levels. Gross margin for fiscal year 2014 was negatively impacted by a one-time purchase accounting fair market inventory adjustment of $4.1 million relating to the fiscal year 2014 acquisitions as well as product lines with lower margins.

Internal research and development. Company-funded internal research and development expenses for the year ended June 30, 2015 were $51.3 million, or 6.9% of revenues, compared to $42.5 million, or 6.2% of revenues, for fiscal year June 30, 2014. The increase in research and development expense as a percentage of revenues in fiscal year 2015 was due to a full year of internal research and development from businesses acquired in prior fiscal years, which invest in higher levels of research and development activity to support their ongoing product development of fiber and direct diode laser components, fiber optical amplifiers and micro-optics.

Selling, general and administrative. SG&A expenses for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015 were $143.5 million, or 19.3% of revenues, compared to $137.7 million, or 20.2% of revenues, for fiscal year June 30, 2014. In relative dollar amounts, the increase in SG&A expenses was the result of increased expenses incurred to support an overall revenue base increase from the prior fiscal year. The Company experienced leverage improvement with respect to SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenues through synergies, cost savings and restructuring programs undertaken during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015.

Interest and other, net. Interest and other, net for the year ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was income of $2.3 million compared to expense of $0.8 million for the prior fiscal year. Other income of $2.3 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2015 was primarily the result of a one-time settlement income of $7.7 million (pre-tax, $7.1 million after tax) related to certain payment obligations from the prior fiscal year acquisitions offset by foreign currency losses of $2.2 million due to weakened foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar and a $2.0 million impairment recorded during the fiscal year 2015 for the write-off of certain tradenames in the II-VI Photonics segment. Included in interest and other, net for the year ended June 30, 2015 were earnings from the Company’s equity investment in Fuxin, interest expense on borrowings, interest income on excess cash reserves, unrealized gains on the Company sponsored deferred compensation plan, foreign currency gains and losses.   

Income taxes. The Company’s year-to-date effective income tax rate at June 30, 2015 was 16.6%, compared to an effective tax rate of 16.0% in fiscal year 2014. The variation between the Company’s effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 35% was primarily due to the Company’s foreign operations, which are subject to income taxes at lower statutory rates. The year-to-date effective tax rate between the two fiscal years was consistent.

II-VI Laser Solutions ($ in millions)

Bookings for the year ended June 30, 2015 for II-VI Laser Solutions increased 8% to $284.8 million, compared to $262.8 million for fiscal year June 30, 2014. The increase in bookings was due in part to higher order levels at II-VI HIGHYAG, which continued to grow its product offerings into the one-micron fiber laser market, for fiber beam delivery systems and for laser processing heads used in automotive manufacturing. In addition, the II-VI Laser Solutions segment recorded a full year of bookings from the acquisition of II-VI Laser Enterprise, which experienced increased demand for products in the direct diode and fiber laser components markets.

Revenues for the year ended June 30, 2015 for II-VI Laser Solutions increased 13% to $287.9 million, compared to $254.4 million for fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. The increase in revenues was the result of increased shipment volumes of the segment’s fiber beam delivery systems and laser process heads from II-VI HIGHYAG as well as a full year of revenues from the acquisition of II-VI Laser Enterprise.

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Operating income for the year ended June 30, 2015 for II-VI Laser Solutions increased 124% to $55.0 million, compared to $24.5 million for fiscal year June 30, 2014. The increase in segment earnings was the result of higher revenues as well as gross margin improvements from II-VI Laser Enterprise, as this business unit begun to realize certain operational efficiencies and acquisition related synergies. Operating income for fiscal year 2014 was negatively impacted by transaction expenses of $3.9 million, $2.5 million of purchase accounting relating to the fair market inventory adjustment and $2.0 million of restructuring efforts at II-VI Laser Enterprise.

II-VI Photonics ($ in millions)

Bookings for the year ended June 30, 2015 for II-VI Photonics increased 28% to $282.9 million, compared to $220.2 million for fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. The increase in bookings was due to increased demand for a variety of the segment’s products, such as optical components and modules driven by broadband initiatives, development of next generation wireless networks and increased bandwidth trends in the data center and cloud applications. In addition, the segment recorded a full year of bookings from the acquisition of II-VI Network Solutions.

Revenues for the year ended June 30, 2015 for II-VI Photonics increased 20% to $260.8 million, compared to $216.5 million for fiscal year ended June 30, 2014. The increase in revenues was due to increased customer demand for optical filters, optical components and assemblies, pump lasers and fiber amplifier modules that serve multiple markets. In addition, the segment recorded a full year of revenues from the acquisition of II-VI Network Solutions.

Operating (loss) income for the year ended June 30, 2015 for II-VI Photonics increased 7,300% to $7.2 million, compared to an operating loss of $0.1 million for fiscal year June 30, 2014. The improvement in operating income was attributed primarily to incremental margin realized on increased revenues, and favorable product mix towards higher margin products, operational efficiencies and the absence of certain one-time purchase accounting fair market inventory adjustments that occurred in fiscal 2014, offset by $4.5 million of restructuring expenses to “right-size” its business in fiscal 2015. During fiscal year 2014, one-time fair market inventory purchase accounting adjustments totaled $1.6 million.

II-VI Performance Products ($ in millions)

Bookings for the year ended June 30, 2015 for II-VI Performance Products decreased 7% to $194.0 million, compared to $208.3 million for fiscal year June 30, 2014. The decrease in bookings related to lower order volumes of military-related products as a result of the decline in overall defense spending and funding constraints specific to certain U.S. military programs, as well as softness in the semiconductor capital equipment market. The decrease in bookings was somewhat offset by increased demand for SiC substrates addressing high-power high-frequency semiconductor devices.

Revenues for the year ended June 30, 2015 for II-VI Performance Products decreased 9% to $193.3 million, compared to $212.4 million for fiscal year June 30, 2014. The decrease in revenues was due to lower shipment volumes of military related products from lower overall defense spending as well as lower shipments to customers in the semiconductor capital equipment markets. The decrease in revenues was somewhat offset by higher revenues from the segment’s SiC substrates.

Operating income for the year ended June 30, 2015 for II-VI Performance Products was $14.6 million, compared to $22.1 million for fiscal year June 30, 2014. The decrease in operating income was a result of lower revenues during the current fiscal year as well as restructuring charges of $1.1 million relating to the consolidation of the Company’s military-related businesses.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Historically, our primary sources of cash have been provided through operations and long-term borrowings. Other sources of cash include proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and sales of equity investments and businesses. Our historical uses of cash have been for capital expenditures, investments in research and development, business acquisitions, payments of principal and interest on outstanding debt obligations and purchases of treasury stock. Supplemental information pertaining to our sources and uses of cash is presented as follows:

Sources (uses) of Cash (millions):

Net cash provided by operating activities:

Net cash provided by operating activities was $123.0 million and $129.4 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease in cash flows from operating activities in fiscal year 2016 compared to the prior fiscal year was mostly due to higher working capital requirements to accommodate the Company’s current increased business activities.  

Net cash provided by operating activities was $129.4 million and $95.5 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The increase in cash flows from operating activities in fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 was the result of an increase in the Company’s net earnings by $27.5 million, or 72%, compared to fiscal year 2014.

Net cash used in investing activities:

Net cash used in investing activities was $135.2 million and $52.2 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended June 30, 2016 consisted of $122.2 million paid for purchases of businesses, net of cash acquired, capital expenditures of $58.2 million offset by cash received for the sale of the RF business in the amount of $45.0 million. Net cash used in investing activities for fiscal year 2015 consisted entirely of capital expenditures.

Net cash used in investing activities was $52.2 million and $206.8 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended June 30, 2015 consisted of $52.3 million paid for capital expenditures of which $13.4 million represented the purchase of the II-VI HIGHYAG manufacturing facility in Berlin, Germany which was previously accounted for as a capital lease. The majority of net cash used in investing activities for fiscal year 2014 consisted of $93.1 million for the acquisition of II-VI Laser Enterprise and $84.6 million net cash for the acquisition of II-VI Network Solutions. In addition, the Company paid $29.2 million for capital expenditures in fiscal year 2014.

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities:

Net cash provided by financing activities was $61.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2016 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $76.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2015.  During fiscal year 2016, the Company borrowed a total of $125.2 million to finance its current year acquisitions and repaid $65.7 million on its outstanding long-term borrowings. In addition, the Company repurchased $6.3 million of treasury shares under the Company’s current share repurchase program, paid $1.4 million in satisfaction of minimum tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted and performance share awards and received $9.7 million of cash from the exercises of stock options.

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Company Credit Facilities

The Company’s Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Facility), which was in effect through the period covered by this report, provided for a revolving credit facility of $225 million, as well as a $100 million term loan (“the Term Loan”). The Term Loan was being re-paid in consecutive quarterly principal payments on the first business day of each January, April, July and October, with the first payment having commenced on October 1, 2013, as follows: (i) twenty consecutive quarterly installments of $5.0 million and (ii) a final installment of all remaining principal due and payable on the maturity date of September 10, 2018. Amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility were due and payable on the maturity date. The Credit Facility was unsecured, but was guaranteed by each existing and subsequently acquired or organized wholly-owned domestic subsidiary of the Company. The Company had the option to request an increase to the size of the revolving credit facility in an aggregate additional amount not to exceed $100 million. The Credit Facility had a five-year term through September 10, 2018 and had an interest rate of either a Base Rate Option or a Euro-Rate Option, plus an Applicable Margin, as defined in the agreement governing the Credit Facility. If the Base Rate option was selected for a borrowing, the Applicable Margin would have been 0.00% to 0.075% and if the Euro-Rate Option was selected for a borrowing, the Applicable Margin would have been 0.75% to 1.75%. The Applicable Margin was based on the Company’s ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA. Additionally, the Credit facility was subject to certain covenants, including those relating to minimum interest coverage and maximum leverage ratios. As of June 30, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Facility.

In conjunction with the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Credit Facility, the Company incurred approximately $1.0 million of deferred financing costs which were being amortized over the term of the agreement. As a result of the overall increase in borrowing capacity, existing deferred financing costs at the time of the amendment of $0.5 million were also being amortized over the term of the Credit Facility.

The Company’s yen denominated line of credit is a 500 million Yen ($4.9 million) facility. The Yen line of credit was extended in September 2015 through August 2020 on substantially the same terms. The interest rate equal to LIBOR, as defined in the loan agreement, plus 0.625% to 1.50%. At June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company had 300 million yen outstanding under the line of credit. Additionally, the facility is subject to certain covenants, including those relating to minimum interest coverage and maximum leverage ratios. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had $2.9 million outstanding and was in compliance with all financial covenants under its Yen facility.

The Company had aggregate availability of $37.7 million and $116.6 million under its lines of credit as of June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2015, respectively. The amounts available under the Company’s lines of credit are reduced by outstanding letters of credit. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, total outstanding letters of credit supported by the Credit Facility were $1.2 million and $1.5 million respectively. The weighted average interest rate of total borrowings was 1.6% and 1.8% for the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

In August 2014, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase up to $50.0 million of its Common Stock. The repurchase program has no expiration date and provides for shares to be purchased in the open market or in private transactions from time to time. Shares purchased by the Company are retained as treasury stock and are available for general corporate purposes. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, the Company purchased 380,538 shares of its Common Stock for $6.3 million under this repurchase program. Since inception of the repurchase program the Company has repurchased 1,316,587 shares of its Common Stock for approximately $19.0 million.

Our cash position, borrowing capacity and debt obligations are as follows (in millions):

On July 28, 2016, subsequent to fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, the Company entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Facility (the “Amended Credit Facility”). The Amended Credit Facility provides for a revolving credit facility of $325 million (increased from $225 million), as well as a $100 million term loan, which mature on July 27, 2021. The term loan is to be re-paid in quarterly principal payments of $5.0 million commencing in October 2016, with any remaining principal due on the maturity date. The Amended Credit Facility is unsecured, but is guaranteed by each of the Company’s existing or subsequently acquired or organized wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries. The Company may request an increase to the size of the Amended Credit Facility in an aggregate additional amount not to exceed $100 million. Amounts outstanding under the Amended Credit Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.00%-2.25% based on the Company’s ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA.

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The Amended Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants for credit facilities of this type, including limitations on the Company and its subsidiaries with respect to indebtedness, liens, investments, distributions, mergers and acquisitions, disposition of assets, repurchases of the Company’s common stock and transactions with affiliates. The covenants permit the Company to use proceeds of the Amended Credit Facility for the repayment of existing indebtedness, permitted acquisitions, working capital and capital expenditures and other lawful corporate purposes. The Amended Credit Facility also contains financial covenants that require the Company to maintain a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of 4.0 and a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.25. In conjunction with the new credit facility, the Company incurred $1.4 million of deferred financing costs which will be amortized over the term of the new facility.

The Company believes cash flow from operations, existing cash reserves and additional available borrowing capacity from its new credit facility will be sufficient to fund its working capital needs, capital expenditures and internal and external growth for fiscal year 2017. The Company’s cash and cash equivalent balances are generated and held in numerous locations throughout the world, including amounts held outside the U.S. As of June 30, 2016, the Company held approximately $177 million of cash and cash equivalents outside of the U.S. Cash balances held outside the United States could be repatriated to the U.S., but, under current law, would potentially be subject to U.S. federal income taxes, less applicable foreign tax credits. The Company has not recorded deferred income taxes related to the majority of its undistributed earnings outside of the U.S., as the majority of the earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are indefinitely reinvested.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements include the operating lease obligations and the purchase obligations disclosed in the contractual obligations table below as well as letters of credit as discussed in Note 6 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company enters into these off-balance sheet arrangements to acquire goods and services used in its business.

Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

Pension obligations are not included in the table above. The Company expects defined benefit plan employer contributions to be $2.5 million in 2017. Estimated funding obligations are determined by asset performance, workforce and retiree demographics, tax and employment laws and other actuarial assumptions which may change the annual funding obligations. The funded status of our defined benefit plans is disclosed in Note 14 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The gross unrecognized income tax benefits at June 30, 2016, which are excluded from the above table, were $5.6 million. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate the amount by which the liability will increase or decrease over time; however, at this time, the Company does not expect a significant payment related to these obligations within the next fiscal year.