COHU INC - Quarter Report: 2021 June (Form 10-Q)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Basis of Presentation

Our fiscal years are based on a 52- or 53-week period ending on the last Saturday in December. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 26, 2020, has been derived from our audited financial statements at that date. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 26, 2021, (also referred to as “the second quarter of fiscal 2021” and “the first six months of fiscal 2021”) and June 27, 2020, (also referred to as “the second quarter of fiscal 2020” and “the first six months of fiscal 2020”) are unaudited. However, in management’s opinion, these financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal, recurring items) necessary to provide a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Both the three- and six-month periods ended June 26, 2021 and June 27, 2020, were comprised of 13 and 26 weeks, respectively.

Our interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that should be expected for the full year. The condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect estimates and assumptions made by management at June 26, 2021 and for the six months ended June 26, 2021. For a better understanding of Cohu, Inc. and our financial statements, we recommend reading these interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 26, 2020, which are included in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the following notes to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements, Cohu, Inc. is referred to as “Cohu”, “we”, “our” and “us”.

All significant consolidated transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade accounts receivable. We invest in a variety of financial instruments and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure with any one issuer.

Our trade accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for credit losses, which is determined in accordance with the guidance provided by Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. At June 26, 2021 and December 26, 2020 our allowance for credit losses was $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Our customers include semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor test subcontractors throughout many areas of the world. While we believe that our allowance for credit losses is adequate and represents our best estimate at June 26, 2021, we will continue to monitor customer liquidity and other economic conditions, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may result in changes to our estimates regarding expected credit losses.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. Cost includes labor, material and overhead costs. Determining net realizable value of inventories involves numerous estimates and judgments including projecting average selling prices and sales volumes for future periods and costs to complete and dispose of inventory. As a result of these analyses, we record a charge to cost of sales in advance of the period when the inventory is sold when estimated net realizable values are below our costs.

Inventories by category were as follows (in thousands):

Property, Plant and Equipment

Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment, both owned and under financing lease, is calculated principally on the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of thirty to forty years for buildings, five to fifteen years for building improvements and three to ten years for machinery, equipment and software. Land is not depreciated.

Property, plant and equipment, at cost, consisted of the following (in thousands):

Cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Costs

We have capitalized certain costs associated with the implementation of our new cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) system in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, (“ASC 350”). Capitalized costs include only external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing the system and interest costs incurred, when material, while developing the system.

Unamortized capitalized cloud computing implementation costs totaled $12.9 million and $13.5 million at June 26, 2021 and December 26, 2020, respectively. These amounts are recorded within other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The change in the capitalized amount is costs capitalized in the current period, offset by amortization recorded, and an adjustment to accrued costs resulting from renegotiation of our software license that was finalized in the first quarter of 2021. We began amortizing some of these costs when our new ERP system was placed into service during the first quarter of 2020 and we continue to capitalize costs related to implementation projects that are ongoing. Implementation costs are amortized using the straight-line method over seven years and we recorded amortization expense of $0.3 million and $0.7 million during the three and six months ended June 26, 2021, respectively and amortization expense of $0.3 million and $0.5 million during the three and six months ended June 27, 2020, respectively.

Segment Information

We applied the provisions of ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, (“ASC 280”), which sets forth a management approach to segment reporting and establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products, major customers and the geographies in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. An operating segment is defined as a component that engages in business activities whose operating results are reviewed by the chief operating decision maker and for which discrete financial information is available. We have determined that our three identified operating segments are: Test Handler Group ("THG"), Semiconductor Tester Group ("STG") and Interface Solutions Group ("ISG"). Our THG, STG and ISG operating segments qualify for aggregation under ASC 280 due to similarities in their customers, their economic characteristics, and the nature of products and services provided. As a result, we report in one segment, Semiconductor Test and Inspection Equipment (“Semiconductor Test & Inspection”). Prior to the sale of our PCB Test Group ("PTG") on June 24, 2021, we reported in two segments, Semiconductor Test & Inspection and PCB Test Equipment (“PCB Test”).

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles, Other Intangible Assets and Long-lived Assets

We evaluate goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are solely comprised of in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), for impairment annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment by first comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting unit or, in the case of in-process research and development, to the fair value of the asset. If the fair value is determined to be less than the book value, a second step is performed to compute the amount of impairment as the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and its carrying value, not to exceed the carrying value of goodwill. We estimated the fair values of our reporting units primarily using the income approach valuation methodology that includes the discounted cash flow method, taking into consideration the market approach and certain market multiples as a validation of the values derived using the discounted cash flow methodology. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on our best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on customer forecasts, industry trade organization data and general economic conditions. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors.

We conduct our annual impairment test as of October 1st of each year, and have determined there was no impairment as of October 1, 2020 as the estimated fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded their carrying values on that date. Other events and changes in circumstances may also require goodwill to be tested for impairment between annual measurement dates. See Note 2, “Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets” for additional information on our interim assessments during 2021.

Long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, impairment losses are only recorded if the asset’s carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted, probability-weighted future cash flows. We measure the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value.

Product Warranty

Product warranty costs are accrued in the period sales are recognized. Our products are generally sold with standard warranty periods, which differ by product, ranging from 12- to 36-months. Parts and labor are typically covered under the terms of the warranty agreement. Our warranty expense accruals are based on historical and estimated costs by product and configuration. From time-to-time we offer customers extended warranties beyond the standard warranty period. In those situations, the revenue relating to the extended warranty is deferred at its estimated relative standalone selling price and recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period. Costs associated with our extended warranty contracts are expensed as incurred.

Restructuring Costs

We record restructuring activities including costs for one-time termination benefits in accordance with ASC Topic 420 (“ASC 420”), Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. The timing of recognition for severance costs accounted for under ASC 420 depends on whether employees are required to render service until they are terminated in order to receive the termination benefits. If employees are required to render service until they are terminated in order to receive the termination benefits, a liability is recognized ratably over the future service period. Otherwise, a liability is recognized when management has committed to a restructuring plan and has communicated those actions to employees. Employee termination benefits covered by existing benefit arrangements are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 712, Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits. These costs are recognized when management has committed to a restructuring plan and the severance costs are probable and estimable. See Note 4, “Restructuring Charges” for additional information.

Debt Issuance Costs

We capitalized costs related to the issuance of debt. Debt issuance costs directly related to our Term Loan Credit Facility are presented within noncurrent liabilities as a reduction of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amortization of such costs is recognized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the respective debt issue. Amortization related to deferred debt issuance costs and original discount costs was $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 26, 2021, respectively. Amortization related to deferred debt issuance costs and original discount costs was $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three and six months ended June 27, 2020, respectively.

Foreign Remeasurement and Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries that use the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency are re-measured using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, except for nonmonetary assets, such as inventories and property, plant and equipment, which are re-measured using historical exchange rates. Revenues and costs are re-measured using average exchange rates for the period, except for costs related to those balance sheet items that are re-measured using historical exchange rates. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized as incurred. During the three and six months ended June 26, 2021, we recognized foreign exchange losses of $25,000 and $0.3 million, respectively, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three and six months ended June 27, 2020, we recognized foreign exchange losses of $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Certain of our foreign subsidiaries have designated the local currency as their functional currency and, as a result, their assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date, while revenue and expenses are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments resulting from the translation of the financial statements are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts

We operate and sell our products in various global markets. As a result, we are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into foreign currency forward contracts with a financial institution to hedge against future movements in foreign exchange rates that affect certain existing U.S. Dollar denominated assets and liabilities at our subsidiaries whose functional currency is the local currency. Under this program, our strategy is to have increases or decreases in our foreign currency exposures mitigated by gains or losses on the foreign currency forward contracts in order to mitigate the risks and volatility associated with foreign currency transaction gains or losses.

We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. For accounting purposes, our foreign currency forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and, accordingly, we record the fair value of these contracts as of the end of our reporting period in our condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded within foreign transaction gain (loss) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for both realized and unrealized gains and losses. See Note 7, “Derivative Financial Instruments” for additional information.

Share-Based Compensation

We measure and recognize all share-based compensation under the fair value method. Our estimate of share-based compensation expense requires a number of complex and subjective assumptions including our stock price volatility, employee exercise patterns (expected life of the options) and related tax effects. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards represent our best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made are reasonable and appropriate, changes in assumptions could materially impact our reported financial results.

Reported share-based compensation is classified, in our condensed consolidated financial statements, as follows (in thousands):

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted income (loss) per share includes the dilutive effect of common shares potentially issuable upon the exercise of stock options, vesting of outstanding restricted stock and performance stock units and issuance of stock under our employee stock purchase plan using the treasury stock method. In loss periods, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the per share computations due to their anti-dilutive effect. For purposes of computing diluted income (loss) per share, stock options with exercise prices that exceed the average fair market value of our common stock for the period are excluded. For the three and six months ended June 26, 2021, stock options and awards to issue approximately 240,000 and 120,000 shares of common stock were excluded from the computation, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 27, 2020, stock options and awards to issue approximately 286,000 and 172,000 shares of common stock were excluded from the computation, respectively.

The following table reconciles the denominators used in computing basic and diluted income (loss) per share (in thousands):

Cohu has utilized the “control number” concept in the computation of diluted earnings per share to determine whether potential common stock instruments are dilutive. The control number used is income from continuing operations. The control number concept requires that the same number of potentially dilutive securities applied in computing diluted earnings per share from continuing operations be applied to all other categories of income or loss, regardless of their anti-dilutive effect on such categories.

Leases

We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right of use (“ROU”) assets, current other accrued liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, other current accrued liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the adoption date or the commencement date for leases entered into after the adoption date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rates for the remaining lease terms based on the information available at the adoption date or commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.

The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made, lease incentives, favorable and unfavorable lease terms recognized in business acquisitions and excludes initial direct costs incurred and variable lease payments. Variable lease payments include estimated payments that are subject to reconciliations throughout the lease term, increases or decreases in the contractual rent payments, as a result of changes in indices or interest rates and tax payments that are based on prevailing rates. Our lease terms may include renewal options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. In addition, we include purchase option amounts in our calculations when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. Rent expense for minimum payments under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term.

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet but recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component and include both in our calculation of the ROU assets and lease liabilities.

We sublease certain leased assets to third parties, mainly as a result of unused space in our facilities. None of our subleases contain extension options. Variable lease payments in our subleases include tax payments that are based on prevailing rates. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Revenue Recognition

Our net sales are derived from the sale of products and services and are adjusted for estimated returns and allowances, which historically have been insignificant. We recognize revenue when the obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of our systems, non-system products or services. In circumstances where control is not transferred until destination or acceptance, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur.

Revenue for established products that have previously satisfied a customer’s acceptance requirements is generally recognized upon shipment. In cases where a prior history of customer acceptance cannot be demonstrated or from sales where customer payment dates are not determinable and in the case of new products, revenue and cost of sales are deferred until customer acceptance has been received. Our post-shipment obligations typically include installation and standard warranties. The relative standalone selling price of installation related revenue is recognized in the period the installation is performed. Service revenue is recognized over time as we transfer control to our customer for the related contract or upon completion of the services if they are short-term in nature. Spares, contactor and kit revenue is generally recognized upon shipment.

Certain of our equipment sales have multiple performance obligations. These arrangements involve the delivery or performance of multiple performance obligations, and transfer of control of performance obligations may occur at different points in time or over different periods of time. For arrangements containing multiple performance obligations, the revenue relating to the undelivered performance obligation is deferred using the relative standalone selling price method utilizing estimated sales prices until satisfaction of the deferred performance obligation.

Unsatisfied performance obligations primarily represent contracts for products with future delivery dates. At June 26, 2021, we had $8.0 million of revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) for contracts with original expected durations of over one year. As allowed under ASC 606, we have opted to not disclose unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with original expected durations of less than one year.

We generally sell our equipment with a product warranty. The product warranty provides assurance to customers that delivered products are as specified in the contract (an “assurance-type warranty”). Therefore, we account for such product warranties under ASC 460, Guarantees (“ASC 460”), and not as a separate performance obligation.

The transaction price reflects our expectations about the consideration we will be entitled to receive from the customer and may include fixed or variable amounts. Fixed consideration primarily includes sales to customers that are known as of the end of the reporting period. Variable consideration includes sales in which the amount of consideration that we will receive is unknown as of the end of a reporting period. Such consideration primarily includes sales made to certain customers with cumulative tier volume discounts offered. Variable consideration arrangements are rare; however, when they occur, we estimate variable consideration as the expected value to which we expect to be entitled. Included in the transaction price estimate are amounts in which it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration that does not meet revenue recognition criteria is deferred. 

Our contracts are typically less than one year in duration and we have elected to use the practical expedient available in ASC 606 to expense cost to obtain contracts as they are incurred because they would be amortized over less than one year.

Accounts receivable represents our unconditional right to receive consideration from our customer. Payments terms do not exceed one year from the invoice date and therefore do not include a significant financing component. To date, there have been no material impairment losses on accounts receivable. There were no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet in any of the periods presented.

On shipments where sales are not recognized, gross profit is generally recorded as deferred profit in our condensed consolidated balance sheet representing the difference between the receivable recorded and the inventory shipped. At June 26, 2021, we had deferred revenue totaling approximately $36.2 million, current deferred profit of $17.5 million and deferred profit expected to be recognized after one year included in noncurrent other accrued liabilities of $6.4 million. At December 26, 2020, we had deferred revenue totaling approximately $17.1 million, current deferred profit of $8.7 million and deferred profit expected to be recognized after one year included in noncurrent other accrued liabilities of $6.7 million.

Net sales of our reportable segments, by type, are as follows (in thousands):

Revenue by geographic area based upon product shipment destination (in thousands):

A small number of customers historically have been responsible for a significant portion of our net sales. Significant customer concentration information, by reportable segment, is as follows:

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Our accumulated other comprehensive loss balance totaled approximately $14.2 million and $4.3 million at June 26, 2021 and December 26, 2020, respectively, and was attributed to all non-owner changes in stockholders’ equity and consists of, on an after-tax basis where applicable, foreign currency adjustments resulting from the translation of certain of our subsidiary accounts where the functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar and adjustments related to postretirement benefits. Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive loss during the first six months of fiscal 2021 and 2020 were not significant.

Retiree Medical Benefits

We provide post-retirement health benefits to certain retired executives, one director (who is a former executive) and their eligible dependents under a noncontributory plan. These benefits are no longer offered to any other retired Cohu employees. The net periodic benefit cost incurred during the first six months of fiscal 2021 and 2020 was not significant.

Business Divestitures and Discontinued Operations

On June 24, 2021, we completed the sale of our PCB Test Equipment (“PCB Test”) business, which represented our PCB Test segment. As part of the transaction we also sold certain intellectual property held by our Semiconductor Test & Inspection segment that is utilized by the PCB Test business. In February 2020, we divested our fixtures services business. Our decision to sell these non-core businesses and assets resulted from management’s determination that that they were not a fit within the core business of our organization which is delivering leading-edge solutions for the manufacturing of semiconductors through back-end semiconductor equipment and services.

Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts herein relate to continuing operations. For financial statement purposes, only the results of operations of our fixtures services business have been segregated from those of continuing operations and have been presented in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations for all periods presented. See Note 12, “Business Divestiture and Discontinued Operations” for additional information on these transactions and financial statement presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no material changes in recently issued or adopted accounting standards from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2020.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Changes in the carrying value of goodwill during the year ended December 26, 2020, and the six-month period ended June 26, 2021, by segment, were as follows (in thousands):

Purchased intangible assets, subject to amortization are as follows (in thousands):

The table above excludes $1.9 million and $7.8 million of IPR&D, at June 26, 2021 and December 26, 2020, respectively, which has an indefinite life and is subject to impairment or future amortization as developed technology when the projects are completed. During the six months ended June 26, 2021, we completed certain projects previously included in IPR&D and transferred $5.6 million to developed technology. Changes in the carrying values of purchased intangible assets presented above are a result of the impact of fluctuation in currency exchange rates.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was approximately $9.0 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 and $18.3 million in the first six months of fiscal 2021. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was approximately $9.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and $19.1 million in the first six months of fiscal 2020.

The following table is a summary of our borrowings (in thousands):

Credit Agreement

On October 1, 2018, we entered into a Credit Agreement providing for a $350.0 million Credit Facility and borrowed the full amount to finance a portion of the Xcerra acquisition. Loans under the Credit Facility amortize in equal quarterly installments of 0.25% of the original principal amount, with the balance payable at maturity. All outstanding principal and interest in respect of the Credit Facility must be repaid on or before October 1, 2025. The loans under the Term Loan Credit Facility bear interest, at Cohu’s option in terms of the time-based interest period, at a floating annual rate equal to the selected LIBOR interest period plus a margin of 3.00%. At June 26, 2021, the outstanding loan balance, net of discount and deferred financing costs, was $200.6 million and $101.4 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 26, 2020, the outstanding loan balance, net of discount and deferred financing costs, was $301.1 million and $2.4 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 26, 2021, the fair value of the debt was $203.3 million. The measurement of the fair value of debt is based on the average of the bid and ask trading quotes as of June 26, 2021 and is considered a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the lender may accelerate the payment terms upon the occurrence of certain events of default set forth therein, which include: the failure of Cohu to make timely payments of amounts due under the Credit Agreement, the failure of Cohu to adhere to the representations and covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement, the failure to provide notice of any event that causes a material adverse effect or to provide other required notices, upon the event that related collateral agreements become ineffective, upon the event that certain legal judgments are entered against Cohu, the insolvency of Cohu, or upon the change of control of Cohu. As of June 26, 2021, we believe no such events of default have occurred.

During the first half of 2021, we repurchased $100.0 million in principal of our Term Loan Credit Facility for $100.0 million in cash. This resulted in a loss of $1.8 million reflected in other expense in our condensed consolidated statement of operations and a corresponding $1.8 million reduction in debt discounts and deferred financing costs in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. After the repurchase, approximately $204.0 million in principal of the Term Loan Facility remains outstanding as of June 26, 2021. Utilizing a portion of the gross proceeds from the divestment of our PCB Test business, we prepaid $100.0 million of our Term Loan Credit Facility on June 30, 2021. As a result of this prepayment occurring during the third fiscal quarter of 2021, $100.0 million has been classified as current installments of long-term debt as of June 26, 2021.

Kita Term Loans

Our wholly owned Kita subsidiary has outstanding term loans from a series of Japanese financial institutions primarily related to the expansion of Kita’s facility in Osaka, Japan. The loans are collateralized by the facility and land, carry interest rates ranging from 0.05% to 0.44%, and expire at various dates through 2034. At June 26, 2021, the outstanding loan balance was $3.3 million and $0.3 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At December 26, 2020, the outstanding loan balance was $3.6 million and $0.3 million of the outstanding balance is presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the debt approximates the carrying value at June 26, 2021.

The term loans are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.

Construction Loans

In July 2019 and June 2020, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries located in Germany entered into a series of construction loans (“Loan Facilities”) with a German financial institution providing it with total borrowings of up to €10.1 million. The Loan Facilities have terms of 10 years and 15 years. The Loan Facilities are being utilized to finance the expansion of our facility in Kolbermoor, Germany, enabling us to combine the operations of multiple subsidiaries in one location as part of our previously announced strategic restructuring program. The Loan Facilities are secured by the land and the existing building on the site and bear interest at agreed upon rates based on the facility amounts as discussed below.

In August 2019, the initial €3.4 million was drawn under the first facility, which is payable over 10 years at a fixed annual interest rate of 0.8%. Interest only payments are required to be made each quarter starting in September 2019 with principal and interest payments due each quarter starting in the month of December 2021. Principal repayments will be made over 8 years starting at the end of December 2021.

As of March 2021, the full €5.2 million was drawn under the second facility, which is payable over 15 years at an annual interest rate of 1.05%, which is fixed until April 2027. Interest only payments are required to be made each month starting in December 2019 with principal and interest payments due each month starting in the month of May 2020. Principal repayments will be made over 15 years starting at the end of May 2020.

As of June 26, 2021, we have drawn €0.4 million under the third facility, which is payable over 10 years at an annual interest rate of 1.2%, which is fixed until May 2030. Interest payments are required to be made each month starting in March 2021 with principal and interest payments due each month starting in the month of May 2021. Principal repayments will be made over 10 years starting at the end of May 2021.

At June 26, 2021 and December 26, 2020, total outstanding borrowings under the Loan Facilities was $10.3 million and $9.9 million with $0.8 million and $0.4 million of the total outstanding balance being presented as current installments of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets based on contractual due dates, respectively. The loans are denominated in Euros and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates. The fair value of the debt approximates the carrying value at June 26, 2021.

Lines of Credit

Our wholly owned Kita subsidiary has outstanding revolving credit facilities with various financial institutions in Japan. The credit facilities renew monthly and provide Kita with access to working capital totaling up to $8.7 million. At June 26, 2021, total borrowings outstanding under the revolving lines of credit were $3.2 million. As these credit facility agreements renew monthly, they have been included in short-term borrowings in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The revolving lines of credit are denominated in Japanese Yen and, as a result, amounts disclosed herein will fluctuate because of changes in currency exchange rates.

Our wholly owned Ismeca subsidiary has one available line of credit which provides it with borrowings of up to a total of 2.0 million Swiss Francs, a portion of which is reserved for tax guarantees. At June 26, 2021 and December 26, 2020 no amounts were outstanding under this line of credit.

Subsequent to the acquisition of Xcerra on October 1, 2018, during the fourth quarter of 2018, we began a strategic restructuring program designed to reposition our organization and improve our cost structure as part of our targeted integration plan regarding the recently acquired Xcerra (“Integration Program”). As part of the Integration Program we consolidated our global handler and contactor manufacturing operations and closed our manufacturing operations in Penang, Malaysia and Fontana, California in 2019.

In the second quarter of 2019, we entered into a social plan (“Plan”) with the German labor organization representing certain of the employees of our wholly owned subsidiary, Multitest elektronische Systeme GmbH, as part of our Integration Program. During the fourth quarter of 2020 we implemented a voluntary program and termination agreements with certain employees of our wholly owned subsidiary, Cohu GmbH. These programs will collectively reduce headcount, enable us to consolidate the facilities of our multiple operations located near Kolbermoor and Rosenheim, Germany, as well as transition certain manufacturing to other lower cost regions. The facility consolidations and reduction in force programs are being implemented as part of a comprehensive review of our operations and are intended to streamline and reduce our operating cost structure and capitalize on acquisition synergies.

As a result of the activities described above, we recognized total pretax charges of $2.1 million and $2.7 million for the first six months ended June 26, 2021 and June 27, 2020, respectively, that are within the scope of ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”). All costs of the Integration Program were, and are expected to be, incurred by our Semiconductor Test & Inspection segment.

Costs associated with restructuring activities are presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations as restructuring charges, except for certain costs associated with inventory charges related to the decision to end manufacturing of certain of Xcerra’s semiconductor test handler products, which are classified within cost of sales. Other restructuring costs include expenses for professional fees associated with employee severance, impairments of fixed assets and building close expenses.

The following table summarizes the activity within the restructuring related accounts for the Integration Program during the first six months ended June 26, 2021 and June 27, 2020 (in thousands):

At June 26, 2021, our total accrual for restructuring related items is reflected within current liabilities of our condensed consolidated balance sheets as these amounts are expected to be paid out within a year. The estimated costs associated with the employee severance and facility consolidation actions will be paid predominantly in cash.

Our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments consisted primarily of cash and other investment grade securities. We do not hold investment securities for trading purposes. All short-term investments in debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value. Investment securities are exposed to market risk due to changes in interest rates and credit risk and we monitor credit risk and attempt to mitigate exposure by making high-quality investments and through investment diversification.

We assess whether unrealized loss positions on available-for-sale debt securities are due to credit-related factors. The credit-related portion of unrealized losses, and any subsequent improvements, are recorded in earnings through an allowance account. Unrealized gains and losses that are not due to credit-related factors are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Factors that could indicate an impairment exists include, but are not limited to earnings performance, changes in credit rating or adverse changes in the regulatory or economic environment of the asset. Gross realized gains and losses on sales of short-term investments are included in interest income. Realized gains and losses for the periods presented were not significant.

Investments that we have classified as short-term, by security type, are as follows (in thousands):

Effective maturities of short-term investments are as follows (in thousands):

Accounting standards pertaining to fair value measurements establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. When available, we use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of our investments, and they are included in Level 1. When quoted market prices are unobservable, we use quotes from independent pricing vendors based on recent trading activity and other relevant information, and they are included in Level 2.

The following table summarizes, by major security type, our financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

Our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (“2005 Plan”) is a broad-based, long-term retention program intended to attract, motivate, and retain talented employees as well as align stockholder and employee interests. Awards that may be granted under the program include, but are not limited to, non-qualified and incentive stock options, restricted stock units, and performance stock units. We settle employee stock option exercises, employee stock purchase plan purchases, and the vesting of restricted stock units, and performance stock units with newly issued common shares. At June 26, 2021, there were 1,396,231 shares available for future equity grants under the 2005 Plan.

Stock Options

Stock options may be granted to employees, consultants and non-employee directors to purchase a fixed number of shares of our common stock. The exercise prices of options granted are at least equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the dates of grant and options vest and become exercisable in annual increments that range from one to four years from the date of grant. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan have a maximum contractual term of ten years. In the first six months of fiscal 2021 we did not grant any stock options and we issued 214,193 shares of our common stock on the exercise of options that were granted previously.

At June 26, 2021, we had 48,442 stock options exercisable and outstanding. These options had a weighted-average exercise price of $9.67 per share, an aggregate intrinsic value of approximately $1.2 million and the weighted average remaining contractual term was approximately 1.5 years.

Restricted Stock Units

We grant restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain employees, consultants and directors. RSUs vest in annual increments that range from one to four years from the date of grant. Prior to vesting, RSUs do not have dividend equivalent rights, do not have voting rights and the shares underlying the RSUs are not considered issued and outstanding. New shares of our common stock will be issued on the date the RSUs vest net of the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements to be paid by us on behalf of our employees. As a result, the actual number of shares issued will be fewer than the actual number of RSUs outstanding at June 26, 2021.

In the first six months of fiscal 2021 we awarded 235,302 RSUs, we issued 495,525 shares of our common stock on vesting of previously granted awards and 31,117 shares were forfeited. At June 26, 2021, we had 1,122,822 RSUs outstanding with an aggregate intrinsic value of approximately $39.0 million and the weighted average remaining vesting period was approximately 1.4 years.

Performance Stock Units

We also grant performance stock units (“PSUs”) to senior executives as a part of our long-term equity compensation program. The number of shares of common stock that will ultimately be issued to settle PSUs granted ranges from 0% to 200% of the number granted and is determined based on certain performance criteria over a three-year measurement period. The performance criteria for the PSUs are based on a combination of our annualized Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) for the performance period and the relative performance of our TSR compared with the annualized TSR of certain peer companies or index for the performance period. PSUs granted vest 100% on the third anniversary of their grant, assuming achievement of the applicable performance criteria.

We estimated the fair value of the PSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the explicit service period. New shares of our common stock will be issued on the date the PSUs vest net of the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements to be paid by us on behalf of our employees.

In the first six months of fiscal 2021, we awarded 92,719 PSUs, we issued 124,688 shares of our common stock on vesting of previously granted awards and 8,976 shares were forfeited. At June 26, 2021, we had 384,490 PSUs outstanding with an aggregate intrinsic value of approximately $13.4 million and the weighted average remaining vesting period was approximately 1.6 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Cohu, Inc. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) provides for the issuance of shares of our common stock. Under the ESPP, eligible employees may purchase shares of Cohu common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85 percent of the lower of the fair market value of Cohu common stock at the beginning or end of each 6-month purchase period, subject to certain limits. During the first six months of fiscal 2021, 94,688 shares of our common stock were sold to our employees under the ESPP leaving 574,016 shares available for future issuance.

Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts

We operate and sell our products in various global markets and, as a result, we are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. In the fourth quarter of 2020, we began utilizing foreign currency forward contracts to offset future movements in foreign exchange rates that affect certain existing foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. Under this program, our strategy is to have increases or decreases in our foreign currency exposures mitigated by gains or losses on the foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate the risks and volatility associated with foreign currency transaction gains or losses.

We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. For accounting purposes, our foreign currency forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and, accordingly, we record the fair value of these contracts as of the end of our reporting period in our condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded within foreign transaction gain (loss) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for both realized and unrealized gains and losses. The cash flows associated with the foreign currency forward contracts are reported in net cash provided by operating activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The fair value of our foreign exchange derivative contracts was determined based on current foreign currency exchange rates and forward points. All our foreign exchange derivative contracts outstanding at June 26, 2021 will mature during the third quarter of fiscal 2021.

The following table provides information about our foreign currency forward contracts outstanding as of June 26, 2021 (in thousands):

Our foreign currency contracts are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as they are valued using pricing models that utilize observable market inputs. The fair values of foreign currency contracts outstanding at June 26, 2021 were immaterial.

The location and amount of gains (losses) related to non-designated derivative instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in thousands):

On March 8, 2021, we closed an underwritten public offering of 4,950,000 shares of our common stock at $41.00 per share. As part of the transaction, the underwriters were also granted a 30-day option to purchase up to an aggregate of 742,500 additional shares of common stock to cover over-allotments which was exercised in full on March 11, 2021. The offering, and the follow-on option to sell additional shares, resulted in net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, of approximately $223.1 million. All of the shares were sold pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement previously filed with the SEC.

For the three and six months ended June 26, 2021, we used the estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year in computing our tax provision. The ETR on income from continuing operations for the three and six months ended June 26, 2021 was 15.7% and 14.8%, respectively, and reflects a partial release of our domestic valuation allowance on deferred tax assets to offset tax liabilities on current year earnings, and an excess benefit relating to stock-based compensation. For the three and six months ended June 27, 2020, we determined that a reliable estimate of the annual ETR could not be made, since relatively small changes in our projected income produce a significant variation in our ETR, and instead used the actual ETR for the year-to-date period to calculate our tax provision. The ETR on loss from continuing operations for the three and six months ended June 27, 2020 was (3.0)% and 3.7%, respectively, and primarily reflected the lack of a tax benefit on our domestic losses as a result of our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, and non-deductible expenses relating to stock-based compensation.

We conduct business globally and as a result, Cohu or one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the US and various state and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, we are subject to examinations by taxing authorities throughout the world and are currently under examination in Germany, Malaysia and Philippines. We believe our financial statement accruals for income taxes are appropriate.

In accordance with the disclosure requirements as described in ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, we have classified unrecognized tax benefits as non-current income tax liabilities, or a reduction in non-current deferred tax assets, unless expected to be paid within one year. Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. There were no material changes to our unrecognized tax benefits and interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits during the three and six months ended June 26, 2021. There were no material changes to our unrecognized tax benefits and interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits during the three and six months ended June 27, 2020.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was signed into law in March 2020. The CARES Act lifts certain deduction limitations originally imposed by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (2017 Tax Act). Corporate taxpayers may carryback net operating losses (NOLs) originating during 2018 through 2020 for up to five years, which was not previously allowed under the 2017 Tax Act. The CARES Act also eliminates the 80% of taxable income limitations by allowing corporate entities to fully utilize NOL carryforwards to offset taxable income in 2018, 2019 or 2020. Taxpayers may generally deduct interest up to the sum of 50% of adjusted taxable income plus business interest income (30% limit under the 2017 Tax Act) for tax years beginning January 1, 2019 and 2020. The CARES Act allows taxpayers with alternative minimum tax credits to claim a refund in 2020 for the entire amount of the credits instead of recovering the credits through refunds over a period of years, as originally enacted by the 2017 Tax Act.

In addition, the CARES Act raises the corporate charitable deduction limit to 25% of taxable income and makes qualified improvement property generally eligible for 15-year cost-recovery and 100% bonus depreciation. The enactment of the CARES Act did not result in any material adjustments to our income tax provision for the three and six-month period ended June 26, 2021, or to our net deferred tax assets as of June 26, 2021.

The summary below presents our reportable segments, Semiconductor Test & Inspection and PCB Test, for the three- and six-month periods ended June 26, 2021 and June 27, 2020. Subsequent to the sale of our PCB Test business on June 24, 2021, we have one reportable segment, Semiconductor Test & Inspection.

Financial information by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):