COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES / - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 or

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File Number: 000-23575

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

California		77-0446957
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

445 Pine Avenue, Goleta, California		93117
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(805) 692-5821

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value	CWBC	The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ YES ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ YES ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☒

Smaller reporting company ☒

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common stock of the registrant issued and outstanding of 8,759,763 as of November 1, 2022.

Table of Contents

Index			Page
Part I. Financial Information
	Item 1 – Financial Statements
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 2021	3
		Consolidated Income Statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	4
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	5
		Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	6
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	7
		Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	8
	The financial statements included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Community West Bancshares’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

	Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		31
	Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		48
	Item 4 – Controls and Procedures		49

Part II. Other Information
	Item 1 – Legal Proceedings		50
	Item 1A – Risk Factors		50
	Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		50
	Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities		50
	Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures		50
	Item 5 – Other Information		50
	Item 6 – Exhibits		51

Signatures			52

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	(unaudited)
	(in thousands, except share amounts)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks and federal funds sold	$	1,806		$	1,621
Interest-earning demand deposits in other financial institutions		49,489			206,754
Cash and cash equivalents		51,295			208,375
Investment securities - available-for-sale, at fair value; amortized cost of $58,192 at September 30, 2022 and $19,588 at December 31, 2021		57,115			19,711
Investment securities - held-to-maturity, at amortized cost; fair value of $2,452 at September 30, 2022 and $2,974 at December 31, 2021		2,596			2,815
Investment securities - measured at fair value; amortized cost of $66 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021		198			248
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost		4,533			4,441
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value		22,096			23,408

Loans held for investment		923,598			868,675
Allowance for loan losses		(11,113	)		(10,404	)
Total loans held for investment, net		912,485			858,271
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net		2,250			2,518
Premises and equipment, net		6,332			6,576
Other assets		29,378			30,689
Total assets	$	1,088,278		$	1,157,052
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing demand	$	243,100		$	209,893
Interest bearing demand		439,455			537,508
Savings		23,865			23,675
Certificates of deposit ($250,000 or more)		9,909			17,612
Other certificates of deposit		135,860			161,443
Total deposits		852,189			950,131
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		110,000			90,000
Other liabilities		16,268			15,546
Total liabilities		978,457			1,055,677

Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock — no par value, 60,000,000 shares authorized; 8,755,363 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and 8,650,166 at December 31, 2021		45,566			44,431
Retained earnings		65,009			56,852
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net		(754	)		92
Total stockholders’ equity		109,821			101,375
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,088,278		$	1,157,052

See the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements.

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COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest and dividend income:	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Loans, including fees	$	11,867	$	11,576	$	34,190	$	33,865
Investment securities and other		787		259		1,670		676
Total interest and dividend income		12,654		11,835		35,860		34,541
Interest expense:
Deposits		528		708		1,598		2,221
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		203		198		593		663
Total interest expense		731		906		2,191		2,884
Net interest income		11,923		10,929		33,669		31,657
Provision (credit) for loan losses		298		7		266		(207	)
Net interest income after provision (credit) for loan losses		11,625		10,922		33,403		31,864
Non-interest income:
Other loan fees		292		383		915		1,006
Gains from loan sales, net		49		118		245		366
Document processing fees		114		145		337		389
Service charges		114		77		295		218
Other		303		317		1,422		830
Total non-interest income		872		1,040		3,214		2,809
Non-interest expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits		4,823		4,541		14,784		13,611
Occupancy, net		1,046		802		3,064		2,361
Professional services		653		434		1,687		1,204
Data processing		302		292		919		964
Depreciation		173		191		535		594
FDIC assessment		131		127		466		339
Advertising and marketing		196		189		687		536
Other		286		284		551		780
Total non-interest expenses		7,610		6,860		22,693		20,389
Income before provision for income taxes		4,887		5,102		13,924		14,284
Provision for income taxes		1,409		1,467		3,851		4,077
Net income	$	3,478	$	3,635	$	10,073	$	10,207
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.40	$	0.42	$	1.16	$	1.19
Diluted	$	0.39	$	0.41	$	1.13	$	1.17
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		8,748		8,597		8,709		8,548
Diluted		8,915		8,777		8,883		8,699
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.075	$	0.070	$	0.220	$	0.200

See the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	3,478		$	3,635		$	10,073		$	10,207
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net:
Unrealized (loss) income on securities available-for-sale (AFS), net (tax effect of $129, $5, $355 and $44 for each respective period presented)		(307	)		(12	)		(846	)		103
Net other comprehensive (loss) income		(307	)		(12	)		(846	)		103
Comprehensive income	$	3,171		$	3,623		$	9,227		$	10,310

See the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022	Common Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Retained			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		(Loss) Income			Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands)
Balance, July 1, 2022		8,744	$	45,402	$	(447	)	$	62,187		$	107,142
Net income		—		—		—			3,478			3,478
Exercise of stock options		11		93		—			—			93
Stock based compensation		—		71		—			—			71
Dividends on common stock		—		—		—			(656	)		(656	)
Other comprehensive loss, net		—		—		(307	)		—			(307	)
Balance, September 30, 2022		8,755	$	45,566	$	(754	)	$	65,009		$	109,821

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021	Common Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Retained			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		(Loss) Income			Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands)
Balance, July 1, 2021		8,589	$	43,780	$	150		$	51,527		$	95,457
Net income		—		—		—			3,635			3,635
Exercise of stock options		27		225		—			—			225
Stock based compensation		—		63		—			—			63
Dividends on common stock		—		—		—			(601	)		(601	)
Other comprehensive loss, net		—		—		(12	)		—			(12	)
Balance, September 30, 2021		8,616	$	44,068	$	138		$	54,561		$	98,767

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022	Common Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Retained			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		(Loss) Income			Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands)
Balance, January 1, 2022		8,650	$	44,431	$	92		$	56,852		$	101,375
Net income		—		—		—			10,073			10,073
Exercise of stock options		105		920		—			—			920
Stock based compensation		—		215		—			—			215
Dividends on common stock		—		—		—			(1,916	)		(1,916	)
Other comprehensive loss, net		—		—		(846	)		—			(846	)
Balance, September 30, 2022		8,755	$	45,566	$	(754	)	$	65,009		$	109,821

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021	Common Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Retained			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		(Loss) Income		Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands)
Balance, January 1, 2021		8,473	$	42,909	$	35	$	46,063		$	89,007
Net income		—		—		—		10,207			10,207
Exercise of stock options		143		970		—		—			970
Stock based compensation		—		189		—		—			189
Dividends on common stock		—		—		—		(1,709	)		(1,709	)
Other comprehensive income, net		—		—		103		—			103
Balance, September 30, 2021		8,616	$	44,068	$	138	$	54,561		$	98,767

See the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	10,073		$	10,207
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Provision (credit) for loan losses		266			(207	)
Depreciation		535			594
Stock based compensation		215			189
Deferred income taxes		124			(299	)
Net (amortization) accretion of discounts and premiums for investment securities		(33	)		54
Gains on:
Sale of other assets acquired through foreclosure, net		(104	)		178
Sale of loans, net		(245	)		(366	)
Loans originated for sale, net of collections on loans held for sale		1,312			6,829
Changes in:
Investment securities measured at fair value		50			(68	)
Servicing assets, net		45			(110	)
Other assets		1,496			(202	)
Other liabilities		722			209
Net cash provided by operating activities		14,456			17,008
Cash flows from investing activities:
Principal pay downs and maturities of available-for-sale securities		1,791			3,189
Purchase of available-for-sale securities		(40,360	)		(6,250	)
Principal pay downs and maturities of held-to-maturity securities		217			1,657
Loan originations and principal collections, net		(54,235	)		(39,322	)
Purchase of FHLB stock		(92	)		—
Redemption of FHLB stock		—			192
Purchase of premises and equipment, net		(291	)		(97	)
Proceeds from sale of other assets acquired through foreclosure, net		372			—
Net cash used in investing activities		(92,598	)		(40,631	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net (decrease) increase in deposits		(97,942	)		165,757
Proceeds from FHLB advances		20,000			—
Repayment of FHLB advances		—			(15,000	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		920			970
Cash dividends paid on common stock		(1,916	)		(1,709	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(78,938	)		150,018
Net (decrease) increase cash and cash equivalents		(157,080	)		126,395
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		208,375			60,540
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	51,295		$	186,935
Supplemental disclosure:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	2,204		$	3,033
Income taxes		3,945			4,107
Non-cash investing and financing activity:
Transfers of loans to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net		—			136

See the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

Community West Bancshares (“CWBC”), incorporated under the laws of the state of California, is a bank holding company providing full-service banking through its wholly-owned subsidiary Community West Bank, N.A. (“CWB” or the “Bank”) which includes 445 Pine, LLC, the Bank’s wholly-owned limited liability company. Unless indicated otherwise or unless the context suggests otherwise, these entities are referred to herein collectively and on a consolidated basis as the “Company.”

Basis of Presentation

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and conform to practices within the financial services industry. The accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiary are included in these consolidated financial statements. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, have been prepared in a condensed format, and therefore do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis that is substantially consistent with the accounting principles applied to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The information furnished in these interim statements reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for each respective period presented. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations in the interim statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other quarter or for the full year. The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the fair value of securities available-for-sale. Although management believes these estimates to be reasonably accurate, actual amounts may differ. In the opinion of management, all necessary adjustments have been reflected in the financial statements during their preparation.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The reclassifications have no effect on net income, comprehensive income or stockholders’ equity as previously reported.

Loans Held For Sale

Loans which are originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value determined on an aggregate basis. Valuation adjustments, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to the lower of cost or fair value provision. Loans held for sale are mostly comprised of commercial agriculture loans guaranteed by the USDA Farm Service Agency (“FSA”) and Small Business Association (“SBA”) loans. The Company did not incur any lower of cost or fair value provision expense in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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Loans Held for Investment and Interest and Fees from Loans

Loans are recorded at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income, loan participations and amounts charged off. Unearned income includes deferred loan origination fees reduced by loan origination costs.

Interest income on loans is accrued daily using the effective interest method and recognized over the terms of the loans. Loan fees collected for the origination of loans less direct loan origination costs (net deferred loan fees) are amortized over the contractual life of the loan through interest income. If the loan has scheduled payments, the amortization of the net deferred loan fee is calculated using the interest method over the contractual life of the loan. If the loan does not have scheduled payments, such as a line of credit, the net deferred loan fee is recognized as interest income on a straight-line basis over the contractual life of the loan commitment. Commitment fees based on a percentage of a client’s unused line of credit and fees related to standby letters of credit are recognized over the commitment period.

When loans are repaid, any remaining unamortized balances of unearned fees, deferred fees and costs and premiums and discounts paid on purchased loans are accounted for through interest income.

Nonaccrual loans: For all loan types, when a borrower discontinues making payments as contractually required by the note, the Company must determine whether it is appropriate to continue to accrue interest. Generally, the Company places loans in a nonaccrual status and ceases recognizing interest income when the loan has become delinquent by more than 90 days or when management determines that the full repayment of principal and collection of interest is unlikely. The Company may decide to continue to accrue interest on certain loans more than 90 days delinquent if they are well secured by collateral and in the process of collection.

When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest accrued but uncollected is reversed against interest income in the period in which the status is changed. Subsequent payments received from the client are applied to principal and no further interest income is recognized until the principal has been paid in full or until circumstances have changed such that payments are again consistently received as contractually required. The Company occasionally recognizes income on a cash basis for non-accrual loans in which the collection of the remaining principal balance is not in doubt.

Impaired loans: A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays or payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis. When determining the possibility of impairment, management considers the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. For collateral-dependent loans, the Company uses the fair value of collateral method to measure impairment. The collateral-dependent loans that recognize impairment are charged down to the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. All other loans are measured for impairment either based on the present value of future cash flows or the loan’s observable market price.

Troubled debt restructured loan (“TDR”): A TDR is a loan for which the Company, for reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider. These concessions include but are not limited to term extensions, rate reductions and principal reductions. Forgiveness of principal is rarely granted and modifications for all classes of loans are predominately term extensions. A TDR loan is also considered impaired. Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest may no longer be disclosed as a troubled debt restructuring in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company maintains a detailed, systematic analysis and procedural discipline to determine the amount of the Allowance for Loan Losses (“ALL”). The ALL is based on estimates and is intended to be appropriate to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. This process involves deriving probable loss estimates that are based on migration analysis and historical loss rates, in addition to qualitative factors that are based on management’s judgment. The migration analysis and historical loss rate calculations are based on the annualized loss rates. Migration analysis is utilized for the Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”), Commercial, Commercial Agriculture, Small Business Administration (“SBA”), Home Equity Line of Credit (“HELOC”), Single Family Residential, and Consumer portfolios. The historical loss rate method is utilized primarily for the Manufactured Housing portfolio. The migration analysis considers the risk rating of loans that are charged off in each loan category. The following is a description of the characteristics of loan ratings. Loan ratings are reviewed as part of the Company’s normal loan monitoring process, but, at a minimum, updated on an annual basis.

Substantially Risk Free – These borrowers have virtually no probability of default or loss given default and present no identifiable or potential adverse risk to the Company. Documented repayment is either backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government or secured by cash collateral of the principal borrowed. The collateral must be in the possession of the Company and free from potential claim. In addition, these credits will conform in all aspects to established loan policies and procedures, laws, rules, and regulations.

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Nominal Risk – This rating is for the highest quality borrowers with nominal probability of default or loss given default from the transaction. Typically, this is a borrower with a well-established record of financial performance, a strong equity position, abundant liquidity, and excellent debt service ability. The Borrower’s financial outlook is stable due to a broad range of operations or products and is able to weather an economic downturn without significant impact to liquidity or net worth. Typically, this borrower will be publicly owned or have access to public debt or equity, all investment grade. In addition, these credits will conform in all aspects to established loan policies and procedures, laws, rules, and regulations.

Pass/Watch – The loans in the four remaining pass categories range from minimal risk to moderate risk to acceptable risk to Watch risk rating. Loans rated in the first three categories are acceptable loans, appropriately underwritten, bearing an ordinary risk of loss to the Company. Loans in the minimal and moderate risk categories are loans to quality borrowers with financial statements presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment. In the case of individuals, borrowers with this rating are quality borrowers demonstrating a reasonable level of secure income, a net worth adequate to support the loan and presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment. Loans rated Watch indicate that although the borrower meets the criteria for a rating of acceptable risk or better, the credit possesses an identified and elevated risk level that should be resolved in a short period of time. Technical risks include, but are not limited to, inadequate or improperly executed documentation, which may be material, serious delays in the submission of financial reporting or covenant violations that are not indicative of a protracted trend.

Special Mention - A Special Mention loan has potential weaknesses that require management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard - A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize full collection of amounts due. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the borrower’s deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans.

Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable loans is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Losses are taken in the period in which they are considered uncollectible.

The Company’s ALL is maintained at a level believed appropriate by management to absorb known and inherent probable losses on existing loans. The allowance is charged for losses when management believes that full recovery on the loan is unlikely. The following is the Company’s policy regarding charging off loans.

Commercial, CRE (which includes SBA 504, Land, and Construction) and SBA 7 (a) Loans

Charge-offs on these loan categories are taken as soon as all or a portion of any loan balance is deemed to be uncollectible. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Generally, loan balances are charged-down to the fair value of the collateral, if, based on a current assessment of the value, an apparent deficiency exists. In the event there is no perceived equity, the loan is charged-off in full. Unsecured loans which are delinquent over 90 days are, without clear support, also charged-off in full.

Single Family Real Estate, HELOC’s and Manufactured Housing Loans

Residential mortgages secured by one-to-four family residential properties, HELOC and manufactured housing loans in which principal or interest is due and unpaid for 90 days, are evaluated for impairment. Loan balances are charged-off to the fair value of the property, less estimated selling costs, if, based on a current appraisal or valuation, an apparent deficiency exists. In the event there is no perceived equity, the loan is generally fully charged-off.

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Consumer Loans

Consumer loans are charged-off or charged-down to net recoverable value before becoming 120 days or five payments delinquent.

The ALL calculation for the different loan portfolios is as follows:

•

Commercial Real Estate, Commercial, Commercial Agriculture, SBA, HELOC, Single Family Residential, and Consumer – Migration analysis combined with risk rating is used to determine the required ALL for all non-impaired loans. In addition, the migration results are adjusted based upon qualitative factors that affect the specific portfolio category. Reserves on impaired loans are determined based upon the individual characteristics of the loan.

•

Manufactured Housing – The ALL is calculated on the basis of loss history and risk rating, which is primarily a function of delinquency. In addition, the loss results are adjusted based upon qualitative factors that affect this specific portfolio.

The Company evaluates and individually assesses for impairment loans either on nonaccrual, considered a TDR or when other conditions exist which lead management to review for possible impairment. Measurement of impairment on impaired loans is determined on a loan-by-loan basis and in total establishes a specific reserve for impaired loans. The amount of impairment is determined by comparing the recorded investment in each loan with its value measured by one of three methods:

•

The expected future cash flows are estimated and then discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate.

•

The value of the underlying collateral net of selling costs. Selling costs are estimated based on industry standards, the Company’s actual experience or actual costs incurred as appropriate. When evaluating real estate collateral, the Company typically uses appraisals or valuations, no more than twelve months old at time of evaluation. When evaluating non-real estate collateral securing the loan, the Company will use financial statements prepared by an accountant or appraisals no more than twelve months old at time of evaluation. Additionally, for both real estate and non-real estate collateral, the Company may use other sources to determine value as deemed appropriate.

•

The loan’s observable market price.

Interest income is not recognized on impaired loans except for limited circumstances in which a loan, although impaired, continues to perform in accordance with the loan contract and the borrower provides financial information to support maintaining the loan on accrual.

The Company determines the appropriate ALL on a monthly basis. Any differences between estimated and actual observed losses from the prior month are reflected in the current period in determining the appropriate ALL determination and adjusted as deemed necessary. The review of the appropriateness of the allowance takes into consideration such factors as concentrations of credit, changes in the growth, size, and composition of the loan portfolio, overall and individual portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, collateral, guarantees and economic and environmental conditions that may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay and/or the value of the underlying collateral. Additional factors considered include geographic location of borrowers, changes in the Company’s product-specific credit policy and lending staff experience. These estimates depend on the outcome of future events and, therefore, contain inherent uncertainties.

Another component of the ALL considers qualitative factors related to non-impaired loans. The qualitative portion of the allowance on each of the loan pools is based on changes in any of the following factors:

•

Concentrations of credit

•

Trends in volume, maturity, and composition of loans

•

Volume and trend in delinquency, nonaccrual, and classified assets

•

Economic conditions

•

Policy and procedures or underwriting standards

•

Staff experience and ability

•

Value of underlying collateral

•

Competition, legal, or regulatory environment

•

Results of outside exams and quality of loan review and Board oversight

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Off-Balance Sheet and Credit Exposure

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they are funded. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. Losses would be experienced when the Company is contractually obligated to make a payment under these instruments and must seek repayment from the borrower, which may not be as financially sound in the current period as they were when the commitment was originally made. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a client as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Company enters into credit arrangements that generally provide for the termination of advances in the event of a covenant violation or other event of default. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each client’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. The commitments are collateralized by the same types of assets used as loan collateral.

As with outstanding loans, the Company applies qualitative factors to its off-balance sheet obligations in determining an estimate of losses inherent in these contractual obligations. The estimate for loan losses on off-balance sheet instruments is included within other liabilities and the charge to income that establishes this liability is included in other expense on the consolidated income statement.

Other Assets Acquired Through Foreclosure, Net

Other assets acquired through foreclosure are recorded at fair value at the time of foreclosure less estimated costs to sell. Any excess of loan balance over the fair value less estimated costs to sell of the other assets is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses. Any excess of the fair value less estimated costs to sell over the loan balance is recorded as a loan loss recovery to the extent of the loan loss previously charged-off against the allowance for loan losses; and, if greater, recorded as a gain on foreclosed assets. Subsequent to the legal ownership date, the Company periodically obtains a new valuation, and the asset is carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Operating expenses or income, and gains or losses on disposition of such properties, are recorded in current operations.

Income Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method, which recognizes an asset or liability representing the tax effects of future deductible or taxable amounts that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. Due to tax regulations, certain items of income and expense are recognized in different periods for tax return purposes than for financial statement reporting. These items represent “temporary differences.” Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax effect of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. Any interest or penalties assessed by the taxing authorities are classified in the financial statements as income tax expense. Deferred tax assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Management evaluates the Company’s deferred tax asset for recoverability using a consistent approach, which considers the relative impact of negative and positive evidence, including the Company’s historical profitability and projections of future taxable income. The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and record a charge to income if management determines, based on available evidence at the time the determination is made, that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized.

The Company is subject to the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 prescribes a more likely than not threshold for the financial statement recognition of uncertain tax positions. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates income tax accruals in accordance with ASC 740 guidance on uncertain tax positions.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share includes the effect of all dilutive potential common shares for the period. Potentially dilutive common shares include outstanding stock options.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance codified within ASU-2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which amends the guidance for recognizing credit losses from an “incurred loss” methodology that delays recognition of credit losses until it is probable a loss has been incurred to an expected credit loss methodology. The guidance requires the use of the modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which the guidance is adopted. The standard is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2023. The Company has formed a subcommittee of its allowance for loan losses committee which is currently evaluating the impact of the amended guidance. In addition, the Company has analyzed its historical data and is running parallel calculations under different methods in order to refine its final methodology.

In March 2020, the FASB issued updated guidance codified within ASU-2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” which provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. In response to the risk of cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), regulators in several jurisdictions around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable, or transaction based and less susceptible to manipulation. The Company has limited exposure to LIBOR. The amendments in ASU 2020-04 were effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2022. The adoption of this standard is not anticipated to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”). ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty that assess whether a modification has created a new loan. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. For entities that have not yet adopted ASC 326, the amendments in the ASU are effective when the requirements of ASC 326 are effective (which is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years). The impact of ASU 2022-02 should be applied prospectively, or, for the recognition and measurement of TDRs, with a modified retrospective transition method. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, however the required disclosures will be added to the consolidated financial statements when the standard is adopted on January 1, 2023.

2.	INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities are as follows:

	September 30, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)			Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	4,445	$	35	$	—		$	4,480
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”)		4,567		4		(101	)		4,470
U.S. Treasury securities		39,930		—		(135	)		39,795
Corporate debt securities		9,250		—		(880	)		8,370
Total	$	58,192	$	39	$	(1,116	)	$	57,115

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)	$	2,596	$	6	$	(150	)	$	2,452
Total	$	2,596	$	6	$	(150	)	$	2,452

Securities measured at fair value
Equity securities: Farmer Mac class A stock	$	66	$	132	$	—		$	198
Total	$	66	$	132	$	—		$	198

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	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)			Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	5,476	$	32	$	—		$	5,508
U.S. government agency CMO		4,862		31		(10	)		4,883
Corporate debt securities		9,250		102		(32	)		9,320
Total	$	19,588	$	165	$	(42	)	$	19,711

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. government agency MBS	$	2,815	$	159	$	—		$	2,974
Total	$	2,815	$	159	$	—		$	2,974

Securities measured at fair value
Equity securities: Farmer Mac class A stock	$	66	$	182	$	—		$	248
Total	$	66	$	182	$	—		$	248

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, securities with carrying values of $51.2 million and $13.2 million, respectively, were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) as collateral for current and future advances.

The maturity periods and weighted average yields of investment securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at the period ends indicated were as follows:

	September 30, 2022
	Less than One Year					One to Five Years				Five to Ten Years					Over Ten Years					Total
	Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield
Securities available-for-sale	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	—		—		$	—		—	$	533		2.09	%	$	3,947		2.92	%	$	4,480		2.82	%
U.S. government agency CMO		—		—			—		—		—		—			4,470		3.40	%		4,470		3.40	%
U.S. Treasury securities		39,795		1.61	%		—		—		—		—			—		—			39,795		1.61	%
Corporate debt securities		—		—			—		—		8,370		3.74	%		—		—			8,370		3.74	%
Total	$	39,795		1.61	%	$	—		—	$	8,903		3.64	%	$	8,417		3.17	%	$	57,115		2.16	%

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. government agency MBS	$	—		—		$	—		—	$	751		3.60	%	$	1,845		3.39	%	$	2,596		3.45	%
Total	$	—		—		$	—		—	$	751		3.60	%	$	1,845		3.39	%	$	2,596		3.45	%

	December 31, 2021
	Less than One Year				One to Five Years					Five to Ten Years					Over Ten Years				Total
	Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield
Securities available-for-sale	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	—		—	$	661		0.59	%	$	4,847		1.30	%	$	—		—	$	5,508		1.16	%
U.S. government agency CMO		—		—		3,905		0.50	%		978		0.83	%		—		—		4,883		0.60	%
Corporate debt securities		—		—		9,320		3.70	%		—		—			—		—		9,320		3.70	%
Total	$	—		—	$	13,886		2.70	%	$	5,825		1.20	%	$	—		—	$	19,711		2.20	%

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. government agency MBS	$	—		—	$	2,065		2.90	%	$	750		3.58	%	$	—		—	$	2,815		3.06	%
Total	$	—		—	$	2,065		2.90	%	$	750		3.58	%	$	—		—	$	2,815		3.06	%

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The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities maturities as of the periods presented are as shown below:

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
Due in less than one year	$	39,930	$	39,795	$	—	$	—
After one year through five years		—		—		13,786		13,886
After five years through ten years		9,781		8,903		5,802		5,825
After ten years		8,481		8,417		—		—
Total	$	58,192	$	57,115	$	19,588	$	19,711

Securities held-to-maturity
Due in less than one year	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
After one year through five years		—		—		2,065		2,137
After five years through ten years		751		707		750		837
After ten years		1,845		1,745		—		—
Total	$	2,596	$	2,452	$	2,815	$	2,974

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers or issuers have the right to prepay or call the investment securities. Changes in interest rates may also impact prepayments.

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, securities that are in an unrealized loss position and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position are summarized as follows:

	September 30, 2022
	Less Than Twelve Months					More Than Twelve Months					Total
	Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency CMO	$	(87	)	$	3,122	$	(14	)	$	640	$	(101	)	$	3,762
U.S. Treasury securities		(135	)		39,795		—			—		(135	)		39,795
Corporate debt securities		(724	)		7,026		(156	)		1,344		(880	)		8,370
Total	$	(946	)	$	49,943	$	(170	)	$	1,984	$	(1,116	)	$	51,927

Securities held-to-maturity
U.S. government agency MBS	$	(150	)	$	2,116	$	—		$	—	$	(150	)	$	2,116
Total	$	(150	)	$	2,116	$	—		$	—	$	(150	)	$	2,116

	December 31, 2021
	Less Than Twelve Months					More Than Twelve Months					Total
	Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale	(in thousands)
U.S. government agency CMO	$	—		$	—	$	(10	)	$	977	$	(10	)	$	977
Corporate debt securities		(32	)		2,968		—			—		(32	)		2,968
Total	$	(32	)	$	2,968	$	(10	)	$	977	$	(42	)	$	3,945

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 39 and 4 securities, respectively, in an unrealized loss position. Declines in the fair value of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities below their cost that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers, among other things: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and (iii) the Company’s intent to sell an impaired security and if it is not more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized basis.

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The unrealized losses are primarily due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date, repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, management believes the impairments detailed in the table above are temporary and no other-than-temporary impairment loss has been realized in the Company’s consolidated income statements.

3.	LOANS HELD FOR SALE AND LOANS SERVICED FOR OTHERS

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $5.3 million and $6.3 million of SBA loans included in loans held for sale, respectively. The Company’s agricultural lending program includes loans for agricultural land, agricultural operational lines, and agricultural term loans for crops, equipment, and livestock. The primary products are supported by guarantees issued from the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), USDA Farm Service Agency (“FSA”), and the USDA Business and Industry loan program. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $16.8 million and $17.1 million of USDA loans included in loans held for sale, respectively.

The unpaid balance of loan serviced for others as of the periods presented are as shown below:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
SBA	$	2,112	$	2,709
USDA, FSA, and USDA Business and Industry		735		745
Farmer Mac		154,006		142,677
Total loans serviced for others	$	156,853	$	146,131

4.	LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT

The composition of the Company’s loans held for investment loan portfolio follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	309,989		$	297,363
Commercial real estate		544,373			480,801
Commercial		54,042			55,287
SBA		3,468			23,659
HELOC		3,373			3,579
Single family real estate		8,981			8,749
Consumer		323			109
Gross loans held for investment		924,549			869,547
Deferred fees, net		(920	)		(838	)
Discount on SBA loans		(31	)		(34	)
Loans held for investment		923,598			868,675
Allowance for loan losses		(11,113	)		(10,404	)
Loans held for investment, net	$	912,485		$	858,271

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The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due held for investment loans by class of loans:

	September 30, 2022
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Over 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual		Total		Recorded Investment Over 90 Days and Accruing
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	309,468	$	389	$	47	$	—	$	436	$	85	$	309,989	$	—
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		486,802		1,173		—		—		1,173		—		487,975		—
SBA 504 1st trust deed		13,107		—		—		—		—		—		13,107		—
Land		12,433		—		—		—		—		—		12,433		—
Construction		30,858		—		—		—		—		—		30,858		—
Commercial		53,960		82		—		—		82		—		54,042		—
SBA		2,703		—		765		—		765		—		3,468		—
HELOC		3,373		—		—		—		—		—		3,373		—
Single family real estate		8,827		—		—		—		—		154		8,981		—
Consumer		323		—		—		—		—		—		323		—
Total	$	921,854	$	1,644	$	812	$	—	$	2,456	$	239	$	924,549	$	—

	December 31, 2021
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Over 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual		Total		Recorded Investment Over 90 Days and Accruing
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	296,715	$	342	$	—	$	—	$	342	$	306	$	297,363	$	—
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		431,062		—		—		—		—		—		431,062		—
SBA 504 1st trust deed		16,961		—		—		—		—		—		16,961		—
Land		7,185		—		—		—		—		—		7,185		—
Construction		25,593		—		—		—		—		—		25,593		—
Commercial		55,287		—		—		—		—		—		55,287		—
SBA		23,296		223		139		—		362		1		23,659		—
HELOC		3,579		—		—		—		—		—		3,579		—
Single family real estate		8,491		—		—		—		—		258		8,749		—
Consumer		109		—		—		—		—		—		109		—
Total	$	868,278	$	565	$	139	$	—	$	704	$	565	$	869,547	$	—

The accrual of interest is discontinued when substantial doubt exists as to collectability of the loan; generally, at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent. Any unpaid but accrued interest is reversed from interest income at that time. Thereafter, interest income is no longer recognized on the loan. Interest income may be recognized on impaired loans to the extent they are not past due by 90 days. Interest on nonaccrual loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Foregone interest on nonaccrual and TDR loans for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, was $9 thousand and $35 thousand, respectively. Foregone interest on nonaccrual and TDR loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, was $32 thousand and $122 thousand, respectively.

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Allowance for Loan Losses

The following tables summarize the changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio type:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	Manufactured Housing			Commercial Real Estate		Commercial			SBA			HELOC			Single Family Real Estate			Consumer		Total
2022	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	3,976		$	6,120	$	594		$	23		$	37		$	115		$	1	$	10,866
Charge-offs		—			—		—			(182	)		—			—			—		(182	)
Recoveries		88			20		13			4			6			—			—		131
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		88			20		13			(178	)		6			—			—		(51	)
Provision (credit) for loan losses		(77	)		182		24			174			(6	)		—			1		298
Ending balance	$	3,987		$	6,322	$	631		$	19		$	37		$	115		$	2	$	11,113

2021
Beginning balance	$	2,630		$	6,328	$	1,020		$	114		$	25		$	122		$	1	$	10,240
Charge-offs		—			—		—			—			—			—			—		—
Recoveries		4			20		10			1			1			—			—		36
Net recoveries		4			20		10			1			1			—			—		36
Provision (credit) for loan losses		(25	)		149		(15	)		(87	)		(2	)		(13	)		—		7
Ending balance	$	2,609		$	6,497	$	1,015		$	28		$	24		$	109		$	1	$	10,283

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Manufactured Housing			Commercial Real Estate			Commercial			SBA			HELOC			Single Family Real Estate		Consumer			Total
2022	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	2,606		$	6,729		$	923		$	22		$	18		$	105	$	1		$	10,404
Charge-offs		—			—			—			(182	)		—			—		—			(182	)
Recoveries		123			60			183			246			12			—		1			625
Net recoveries		123			60			183			64			12			—		1			443
Provision (credit) for loan losses		1,258			(467	)		(475	)		(67	)		7			10		—			266
Ending balance	$	3,987		$	6,322		$	631		$	19		$	37		$	115	$	2		$	11,113

2021
Beginning balance	$	2,612		$	5,950		$	1,379		$	118		$	25		$	108	$	2		$	10,194
Charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Recoveries		155			60			30			46			4			1		—			296
Net recoveries		155			60			30			46			4			1		—			296
Provision (credit) for loan losses		(158	)		487			(394	)		(136	)		(5	)		—		(1	)		(207	)
Ending balance	$	2,609		$	6,497		$	1,015		$	28		$	24		$	109	$	1		$	10,283

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had reserves for credit losses on undisbursed loans of $96 thousand and $94 thousand, respectively, which were included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

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The following tables present impairment method information related to loans and allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segment:

	Manufactured Housing		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial		SBA		HELOC		Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total Loans
Loans Held for Investment as of September 30, 2022:	(in thousands)
Recorded Investment:
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	3,058	$	212	$	72	$	43	$	—	$	213	$	—	$	3,598
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		1,120		—		1,331		18		—		153		—		2,622
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		4,178		212		1,403		61		—		366		—		6,220
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		305,811		544,161		52,639		3,407		3,373		8,615		323		918,329
Total loans held for investment	$	309,989	$	544,373	$	54,042	$	3,468	$	3,373	$	8,981	$	323	$	924,549
Unpaid Principal Balance
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	3,058	$	212	$	72	$	43	$	—	$	213	$	—	$	3,598
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		1,120		—		1,331		18		—		153		—		2,622
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		4,178		212		1,403		61		—		366		—		6,220
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		305,811		544,161		52,639		3,407		3,373		8,615		323		918,329
Total loans held for investment	$	309,989	$	544,373	$	54,042	$	3,468	$	3,373	$	8,981	$	323	$	924,549
Related Allowance for Loan Losses
Loans individually evaluated for impairment		166		17		1		1		—		9		—		194
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		3,821		6,305		630		18		37		106		2		10,919
Total allowance for loan losses	$	3,987	$	6,322	$	631	$	19	$	37	$	115	$	2	$	11,113

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	Manufactured Housing		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial		SBA		HELOC		Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total Loans
Loans Held for Investment as of December 31, 2021:	(in thousands)
Recorded Investment:
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	3,563	$	220	$	85	$	194	$	—	$	425	$	—	$	4,487
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		1,358		1,402		1,505		226		—		258		—		4,749
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		4,921		1,622		1,590		420		—		683		—		9,236
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		292,442		479,179		53,697		23,239		3,579		8,066		109		860,311
Total loans held for investment	$	297,363	$	480,801	$	55,287	$	23,659	$	3,579	$	8,749	$	109	$	869,547
Unpaid Principal Balance
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	3,563	$	220	$	85	$	194	$	—	$	683	$	—	$	4,745
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		1,358		1,402		1,505		226		—		—		—		4,491
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		4,921		1,622		1,590		420		—		683		—		9,236
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		292,442		479,179		53,697		23,239		3,579		8,066		109		860,311
Total loans held for investment	$	297,363	$	480,801	$	55,287	$	23,659	$	3,579	$	8,749	$	109	$	869,547
Related Allowance for Loan Losses
Loans individually evaluated for impairment		210		17		—		1		—		12		—		240
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		2,396		6,712		923		21		18		93		1		10,164
Total allowance for loan losses	$	2,606	$	6,729	$	923	$	22	$	18	$	105	$	1	$	10,404

Included in impaired loans were $0.3 million of loans guaranteed by government agencies at December 31, 2021. There were no impaired loans guaranteed by government agencies at September 30, 2022.

A valuation allowance is established for an impaired loan when the fair value of the loan is less than the recorded investment. In certain cases, portions of impaired loans are charged-off to realizable value instead of establishing a valuation allowance and are included, when applicable in the table below as “Impaired loans without specific valuation allowance under ASC 310.” The valuation allowance disclosed above is included in the allowance for loan losses reported in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The following tables summarize average investment in impaired loans by class of loans and the related interest income recognized:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022				2021
	Average Investment in Impaired Loans		Interest Income		Average Investment in Impaired Loans		Interest Income
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	4,198	$	88	$	4,961	$	95
Commercial real estate: SBA 504 1st trust deed		213		4		1,533		4
Commercial		1,423		24		1,622		24
SBA		85		7		593		4
Single family real estate		488		6		1,512		10
Total	$	6,407	$	129	$	10,221	$	137

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022				2021
	Average Investment in Impaired Loans		Interest Income		Average Investment in Impaired Loans		Interest Income
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	4,503	$	261	$	5,683	$	277
Commercial real estate: SBA 504 1st trust deed		525		12		1,615		48
Commercial		1,489		67		1,645		78
SBA		164		19		480		11
Single family real estate		577		19		1,913		91
Total	$	7,258	$	378	$	11,336	$	505

The Company is not committed to lend additional funds on these impaired loans.

The Company utilizes an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem loans. Under the Company’s risk rating system, the Company rates loans with potential problems as “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss”. For a detailed discussion on these risk classifications see “Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Loan Losses”. Risk ratings are updated as part of our normal loan monitoring process, at a minimum, annually.

The following tables present gross loans by risk rating:

	September 30, 2022
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	308,897	$	—	$	1,092	$	—	$	309,989
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		478,397		225		8,084		—		486,706
SBA 504 1st trust deed		12,632		—		475		—		13,107
Land		12,433		—		—		—		12,433
Construction		30,858		—		—		—		30,858
Commercial		47,439		2,787		2,670		—		52,896
SBA		839		—		—		—		839
HELOC		3,373		—		—		—		3,373
Single family real estate		8,823		—		158		—		8,981
Consumer		323		—		—		—		323
Total, net		904,014		3,012		12,479		—		919,505
Government guaranteed loans		4,384		—		660		—		5,044
Total	$	908,398	$	3,012	$	13,139	$	—	$	924,549

	December 31, 2021
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	295,810	$	—	$	1,553	$	—	$	297,363
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		415,471		3,043		11,255		—		429,769
SBA 504 1st trust deed		14,646		—		2,315		—		16,961
Land		7,185		—		—		—		7,185
Construction		25,593		—		—		—		25,593
Commercial		50,372		26		2,265		—		52,663
SBA		1,891		—		114		—		2,005
HELOC		3,579		—		—		—		3,579
Single family real estate		8,487		—		262		—		8,749
Consumer		109		—		—		—		109
Total, net		823,143		3,069		17,764	$	—		843,976
Government guaranteed loans		23,610		—		1,961		—		25,571
Total	$	846,753	$	3,069	$	19,725	$	—	$	869,547

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There were no loans classified as “Loss” at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Troubled Debt Restructured Loan (TDR)

A TDR is a loan on which the Bank, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Bank would not otherwise consider. The loan terms that have been modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation include, but are not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, extensions, deferrals, renewals, and rewrites. The majority of the Bank’s modifications are extensions in terms or deferral of payments which result in no lost principal or interest followed by reductions in interest rates or accrued interest. A TDR is also considered impaired. Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest may no longer be disclosed as a troubled debt restructuring in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.

The total carrying amount of loans that were classified as TDRs at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $6.3 million and $8.6 million, respectively. TDRs that were performing according to their modified terms as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $6.2 million and $8.4 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there was one new TDR loan with a balance of $122 thousand. This TDR had an immaterial impact on the allowance and provision for loan losses for the quarter and year-to-date periods. There were no new TDR loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

A TDR loan is deemed to have a payment default when the borrower fails to make two consecutive payments or the collateral is transferred to repossessed assets. The Company had no TDR loans with payment defaults for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021.

At September 30, 2022 there were no material loan commitments outstanding on TDR loans.

5.	OTHER ASSETS ACQUIRED THROUGH FORECLOSURE

Other assets acquired through foreclosure consist primarily of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure. Properties or other assets (primarily manufactured housing) are reported at fair value at the time of foreclosure less estimated costs to sell. Costs relating to development or improvement of the assets are capitalized to the extent that they are deemed to be recoverable and increase the value of the property; otherwise those costs are expensed. Costs related to holding the assets are charged to expense. The balance of other assets acquired through foreclosure at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is primarily attributable to a single commercial agricultural relationship.

The following table summarizes the changes in other assets acquired through foreclosure:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	2,250	$	2,572	$	2,518		$	2,614
Additions		—		—		—			136
Proceeds from dispositions		—		—		(372	)		—
Gain (loss) on sales, net		—		—		104			(178	)
Balance, end of period	$	2,250	$	2,572	$	2,250		$	2,572

6.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities. FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) established a framework for measuring fair value using a three-level valuation hierarchy for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. ASC 820 maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would consider in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs, as follows:

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•

Level 1— Observable quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

•

Level 2— Observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, matrix pricing or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable, either directly or indirectly in the market.

•

Level 3— Model-based techniques where significant assumptions are not observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The availability of observable inputs varies based on the nature of the specific financial instrument. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021. The estimated fair value amounts for September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 have been measured as of period-end, and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the reporting date may be different than the amounts reported at the period-end.

This information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only required for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

Due to the wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimate, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies or banks may not be meaningful.

The following tables summarize the fair value of assets measured on a recurring basis:

	Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
September 30, 2022	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value
Assets:	(in thousands)
Investment securities measured at fair value	$	198	$	—	$	—	$	198
Investment securities available-for-sale
U.S. government agency notes		—		4,480		—		4,480
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations		—		4,470		—		4,470
U.S. Treasury securities		—		39,795		—		39,795
Corporate debt securities		—		8,370		—		8,370
Interest only strips		—		—		9		9
Servicing assets		—		—		34		34
Total	$	198	$	57,115	$	43	$	57,356

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	Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
December 31, 2021	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Fair Value
Assets:	(in thousands)
Investment securities measured at fair value	$	248	$	—	$	—	$	248
Investment securities available-for-sale
U.S. government agency notes		—		5,508		—		5,508
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations		—		4,883		—		4,883
Corporate debt securities		—		9,320		—		9,320
Interest only strips		—		—		15		15
Servicing assets		—		—		1,600		1,600
Total	$	248	$	19,711	$	1,615	$	21,574

The change in Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis included in income was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021		2022			2021
Servicing Assets:	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	36			35	$	44		$	43
Additions		—			—		—			—
Amortization		—			—		—			—
Valuation adjustments		(2	)		9		(10	)		1
Balance, end of period	$	34			44	$	34		$	44

Market valuations of our investment securities which are classified as Level 2 are provided by an independent third party. The fair values are determined by using several sources for valuing fixed income securities. Their techniques include pricing models that vary based on the type of asset being valued and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. In accordance with the fair value hierarchy, the market valuation sources include observable market inputs and are therefore considered Level 2 inputs for purposes of determining the fair values.

On certain SBA loan sales, the Company retained interest only strip assets (“I/O strips”) which represent the present value of excess net cash flows generated by the difference between (a) interest at the stated rate paid by borrowers and (b) the sum of (i) pass-through interest paid to third-party investors and (ii) contractual servicing fees. I/O strips are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value is determined on a quarterly basis through a discounted cash flow analysis prepared by an independent third-party using industry prepayment speeds. I/O strip valuation adjustments are recorded as additions or offsets to loan servicing income.

For certain servicing assets, the Company had elected to use the amortization method for the treatment of servicing assets and had measured for impairment on a periodic basis through a discounted cash flow analysis prepared by an independent third-party using industry prepayment speeds and discount rates. In connection with the sale of certain SBA and USDA loans, the Company recorded servicing assets and elected to measure those assets at fair value in accordance with ASC 825-10. Significant assumptions in the valuation of servicing assets include estimated loan repayment rates, the discount rate, and servicing costs, among others. Servicing assets are classified as Level 3 measurements due to the use of significant unobservable inputs, as well as significant management judgment and estimation.

The Company also has assets that under certain conditions are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets include loans held for sale, assets acquired through foreclosure, and certain loans that are considered impaired per generally accepted accounting principles.

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The following summarizes the fair value measurements of assets measured on a non-recurring basis:

			Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Active Markets for Similar Assets (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
September 30, 2022:
Impaired loans	$	3,404	$	—	$	3,404	$	—
Other assets acquired through foreclosure		2,250		—		2,250		—
Total	$	5,654	$	—	$	5,654	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Active Markets for Similar Assets (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
December 31, 2021:
Impaired loans	$	3,785	$	—	$	3,785	$	—
Other assets acquired through foreclosure		2,518		—		2,518		—
Total	$	6,303	$	—	$	6,303	$	—

The Company records certain loans at fair value on a non-recurring basis. When a loan is considered impaired an allowance for a loan loss is established. The fair value measurement and disclosure requirement applies to loans measured for impairment using the practical expedients method permitted by accounting guidance for impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured at an observable market price, if available, or at the fair value of the loan’s collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. The fair value of the loan’s collateral is determined by appraisals or independent valuation. When the fair value of the loan’s collateral is based on an observable market price or current appraised value, the appraisals may contain a wide range of values and accordingly, the Company classifies the fair value of the impaired loans as a non-recurring valuation within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. For loans in which impairment is determined based on the net present value of cash flows, the Company classifies these as a non-recurring valuation within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Other assets acquired through foreclosure are carried at the lower of book value or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is based upon independent market prices obtained from certified appraisers or the current listing price, if lower. When the fair value of the collateral is based on a current appraised value, the Company reports the fair value of the foreclosed collateral as non-recurring Level 2. When a current appraised value is not available or if management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired, the Company reports the foreclosed collateral as non-recurring Level 3.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

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The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

	September 30, 2022
	Carrying		Fair Value
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	51,295	$	51,295	$	—	$	—	$	51,295
FHLB and FRB stock		4,533		—		4,533		—		4,533
Investment securities - available-for-sale		57,115		—		57,115		—		57,115
Investment securities - held-to-maturity		2,596		—		2,452		—		2,452
Investment securities - measured at fair value		198		198		—		—		198
Loans, net and loans held for sale		934,581		—		894,582		3,404		897,986
Accrued interest receivable		5,328		—		5,328		—		5,328
Servicing assets		1,555		—		—		2,635		2,635
Interest only strips		9		—		—		9		9
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		852,189		—		847,583		—		847,583
FHLB advances		110,000		—		102,609		—		102,609
Accrued interest payable		45		—		45		—		45

	December 31, 2021
	Carrying		Fair Value
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	208,375	$	208,375	$	—	$	—	$	208,375
FHLB and FRB stock		4,441		—		4,441		—		4,441
Investment securities - available-for-sale		19,711		—		19,711		—		19,711
Investment securities - held-to-maturity		2,815		—		2,974		—		2,974
Investment securities - measured at fair value		248		248		—		—		248
Loans, net and loans held for sale		881,679		—		870,868		5,452		876,320
Accrued interest receivable		5,841		—		5,841		—		5,841
Servicing assets		1,600		—		—		2,254		2,254
Interest only strips		15		—		—		15		15
Financial liabilities:
Deposits		950,131		—		948,648		—		948,648
FHLB advances		90,000		—		88,409		—		88,409
Accrued interest payable		58		—		58		—		58

7.	BORROWINGS

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances – The Company through the Bank has a blanket lien credit line with the FHLB. FHLB advances are collateralized in the aggregate by CWB’s eligible loans and securities. Total FHLB advances were $110.0 million at September 30, 2022, with interest rates ranging from 0.76% to 3.18%. Total FHLB advances were $90.0 million at December 31, 2021, with interest rates ranging from 0.76% to 0.95%. The Company also had $29.0 million of letters of credit with FHLB at September 30, 2022 to secure public funds. At September 30, 2022, CWB had pledged to the FHLB $51.2 million of securities and $237.2 million of loans. At September 30, 2022, CWB had $36.4 million available for additional borrowing. At December 31, 2021, CWB had pledged to the FHLB $13.2 million of securities and $286.6 million of loans. Total FHLB interest expense was $203 thousand and $593 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and was $198 thousand and $663 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

The following table presents the contractual maturities by year of FHLB advances as of September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

Within one year	$	20,000
After one through two years		—
After two through three years		90,000
Total	$	110,000

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Federal Reserve Bank – The Company has established a credit line with the FRB. Advances are collateralized in the aggregate by eligible loans for up to 28 days. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $260.2 million and $259.5 million, respectively, of loans pledged to the FRB. There were no outstanding FRB advances as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Available borrowing capacity was $88.9 million and $119.0 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Federal Funds Purchased Lines – The Company has federal funds borrowing lines at correspondent banks totaling $20.0 million. There were no amounts outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Line of Credit - In September of 2021, the Company entered into an unsecured line of credit agreement for up to $5.0 million at Prime + 0.25%. The Company must maintain a compensating deposit with the lender of $1.0 million. In addition, the Company must maintain a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.65 to 1, a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 7.0%, a minimum total risked based capital ratio of 10.0% and a maximum net non-accrual ratio of not more than 3%. The line of credit matured in September 2022 and the Company renewed the line of credit for an additional one-year term and increased the amount available to $10.0 million with no other changes to the financial terms or covenants. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no outstanding balances on the revolving line of credit.

8.	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The following table summarizes the changes in other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	Unrealized holding gains (losses) on AFS						Unrealized holding gains (losses) on AFS
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	(447	)	$	150		$	92		$	35
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications		(307	)		(12	)		(846	)		103
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income		—			—			—			—
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income		(307	)		(12	)		(846	)		103
Ending Balance	$	(754	)	$	138		$	(754	)	$	138

Common Stock

On February 28, 2019, the Board of Directors increased the common stock repurchase program to $4.5 million and extended the repurchase program until August 31, 2023. Under this program the Company has repurchased 350,189 common stock shares for $3.0 million at an average price of $8.71 per share. There were no repurchased shares of common stock under this program during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company declared and paid common stock dividends of $0.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company declared and paid common stock dividends of $0.6 and $1.7 million, respectively.

On October 28, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a $0.075 per share dividend payable on November 30, 2022, to stockholders of record on November 14, 2022.

9.	CAPITAL REQUIREMENT

CWB is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements could trigger certain mandatory or discretionary actions that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s business and financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, CWB must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

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In 2019, the federal banking agencies jointly issued a final rule, which provides for an additional optional, simplified measure of capital adequacy, the community bank leverage ratio framework. Under this framework, the Bank would choose the option of using the community bank leverage ratio (CBLR). A CBLR bank may opt out of the framework at any time, without restriction, by reverting to the generally applicable risk-based capital rules. As of the fourth quarter 2021, the Company rescinded its CBLR election.

The following tables illustrate the Bank’s regulatory ratios and the Federal Reserve’s current adequacy guidelines as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

	Total Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Tier 1 Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Common Equity Tier 1 (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital (To Average Assets)
September 30, 2022
CWB’s actual regulatory ratios		12.46	%		11.30	%		11.30	%		9.83	%
Minimum capital requirements		8.00	%		6.00	%		4.50	%		4.00	%
Well-capitalized requirements		10.00	%		8.00	%		6.50	%		N/A

	Total Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Tier 1 Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Common Equity Tier 1 (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital (To Average Assets)
December 31, 2021
CWB’s actual regulatory ratios		12.19	%		11.02	%		11.02	%		8.56	%
Minimum capital requirements		8.00	%		6.00	%		4.50	%		4.00	%
Well-capitalized requirements		10.00	%		8.00	%		6.50	%		N/A

There are no conditions or events since September 30, 2022 that management believes have changed the Company’s or the Bank’s risk-based capital category.

10.	REVENUE RECOGNITION

ASC 606 requires recognition of revenue at an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. The majority of the Company’s revenue is from sources outside of the scope of ASC 606. Revenue from service charges and fees and interchange fees on credit and debit cards are within the scope of ASC 606.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts consist of monthly service fees, check orders, account analysis fees, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for monthly service fees and account analysis fees is generally satisfied, and the related income recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit related fees are largely transactional based and, therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related income recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

Exchange Fees and Other Service Charges

Exchange fees and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, merchant services income, ATM fees and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa or MasterCard. Merchant services income is primarily fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM, or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Other service charges include fees from processing wire transfers, cashier’s checks, and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for exchange and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.

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The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for periods indicated.

Non-interest income	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
In-scope of Topic 606:	(in thousands)
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	87	$	59	$	225	$	171
Exchange fees and other service charges		129		125		379		345
Non-interest income (in-scope of ASC 606)		216		184		604		516
Non-interest income (out-of-scope of ASC 606)		656		856		2,610		2,293
Total	$	872	$	1,040	$	3,214	$	2,809

Contract Balances

A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s non-interest income streams are largely based on transactional activity. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and income is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any signficant contract balances.

Contract Acquisition Costs

In connection with the adoption of ASC 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained. The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of ASC 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.

11.

LEASES

The Company has operating leases for office space. The Company’s office leases are typically for terms of between 2 and 10 years. Rents usually increase annually in accordance with defined rent steps or based on current year consumer price index adjustments. When renewal options exist, the Company generally does not deem them to be reasonably certain to be exercised, and therefore the amounts are not recognized as part of the lease liability nor the right-of-use asset until after exercise of the renewal option. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the balance of the right-of-use assets was $5.4 million and $5.1 million, respectively, and the balance of lease liabilities were $5.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively. The right-of-use assets are included in other assets and the lease liabilities are included in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021
Lease cost:	(in thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	1,008		$	1,000
Sublease income		—			—
Total lease cost	$	1,008		$	1,000

Other information:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	999		$	1,068
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases	7.21 years			8.93 years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases		3.25	%		3.22	%

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Future minimum operating lease payments for the years shown are as follows (in thousands):

2022	$	252
2023		1,014
2024		1,026
2025		976
2026		876
Thereafter		2,011
Total future minimum lease payments	$	6,155
Less remaining imputed interest		685
Total lease liabilities	$	5,470

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ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion is designed to provide insight into management’s assessment of significant trends related to the Company's consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital resources and interest rate sensitivity. It should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report.

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 (this “Form 10-Q”) contains certain forward-looking statements about the Company and the Bank that are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for “forward-looking statements” provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are not historical or current facts, including statements about future financial and operational results, expectations, or intentions are forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect management's current views of future events and operations. These forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to the Company as of the date of this Form 10-Q. It is important to note that these forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve and are subject to significant risks, contingencies, and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control including, but not limited to, risks from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; wars and international conflicts including the current military actions involving the Russian Federation and Ukraine; the strength of the United States economy in general and of the local economies in which we conduct operations; the effect of, and changes in, trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including changes in interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; inflation, including the rising costs of oil and gas; supply chain interruptions; weather, natural disasters, climate change; increased unemployment; deterioration in credit quality of our loan portfolio and/or the value of the collateral securing the repayment of those loans; reduction in the value of our investment securities; the costs and effects of litigation and of adverse outcomes of such litigation; the cost and ability to attract and retain key employees; a breach of our operational or security systems, policies or procedures including cyber-attacks on us or third party vendors or service providers; regulatory or legal developments; United States tax policies, including our effective income tax rate; and our ability to implement and execute our business plan and strategy and expand our operations as provided therein. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth or implied in the forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors including the risk factors contained in documents filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are available in the “Investor Relations” section of our website, https://www.communitywest.com/sec-filings/documents. The Company is under no obligation (and expressly disclaims any obligation) to update or alter such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q involve substantial risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond the control of the Company and may cause our actual results to differ significantly from historical results and those expressed in any forward-looking statement. Risks and uncertainties include those set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the following factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those presented:

•

general economic conditions, either nationally or locally in some or all areas in which business is conducted, or conditions in the real estate or securities markets or the banking industry which could affect liquidity in the capital markets, the volume of loan origination, deposit flows, real estate values, the levels of non-interest income and the amount of loan losses;

•

COVID-19 pandemic and measures to prevent its spread may continue to have an effect on our business;

•

changes in existing loan portfolio composition and credit quality, and changes in loan loss requirements;

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•

legislative or regulatory changes which may adversely affect the Company’s business;

•

the water shortage in certain areas of California and its impact on the economy;

•

the Company’s success in implementing its new business initiatives, including expanding its product line, adding new branches, and successfully building its brand image;

•

changes in interest rates which may reduce or increase net interest margin and net interest income;

•

increases in competitive pressure among financial institutions or non-financial institutions;

•

technological changes which may be more difficult to implement or more expensive than anticipated;

•

changes in borrowing facilities, capital markets and investment opportunities which may adversely affect the business;

•

changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines which may cause conditions to be perceived differently;

•

litigation or other matters before regulatory agencies, whether currently existing or commencing in the future, which may delay the occurrence or non-occurrence of events longer than anticipated;

•

the occurrence or non-occurrence of events longer than anticipated;

•

the ability to originate loans with attractive terms and acceptable credit quality;

•

the ability to attract and retain key members of management;

•

the ability to realize cost efficiencies;

•

a failure or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure;

•

a return of recessionary conditions could result in increases in our level of non-performing loans and/or reduce demand for our products and services;

•

loss of key personnel;

•

sources of liquidity;

•

possible impact by the transition from Libor as a reference rate; and,

•

risks related to natural disasters, terrorist attacks, threats of war or actual war and health epidemics may impact our operations, revenues, costs, and stock price.

For additional information regarding risks that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and in item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report.

Financial Overview and Highlights

Community West Bancshares (“CWBC”) incorporated under the laws of the state of California, is a bank holding company headquartered in Goleta, California providing full-service banking and lending through its wholly-owned subsidiary Community West Bank (“CWB” or the “Bank”), which has seven California branch banking offices in Goleta, Ventura, Santa Maria, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Oxnard, and Paso Robles and one wholly owned subsidiary, 445 Pine LLC which was formed to hold certain repossessed property. These entities are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”.

COVID-19 Update

Although the COVID-19 pandemic continues to persist, we believe that the pandemic has not adversely affected our primary objective of providing our clients with financial services they need to conduct their operations and that we have been able to successfully navigate the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic to date. The future trajectory of COVID-19 cases and timing of when the virus will be fully controlled or abated remain uncertain. We cannot predict the potential future impact that COVID-19 may have on our operations and financial performance.

Financial Result Highlights for the Third Quarter of 2022

The significant factors impacting the Company’s third quarter earnings performance were:

•

Net income was $3.5 million, or $0.39 per diluted share in the third quarter of 2022, compared to $3.6 million, or $0.41 per diluted share in the third quarter of 2021.

•

Net interest income increased to $11.9 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to $10.9 million in the third quarter of 2021.

•

A provision for loan losses of $298 thousand was recorded for the third quarter of 2022, compared to a provision for loan losses of $7 thousand for the third quarter of 2021.

•

Net interest margin was 4.39% for the third quarter of 2022, compared to 3.97% for the third quarter of 2021.

•

Return on average assets was 1.25% for the third quarter of 2022 compared to 1.28% for the third quarter of 2021.

•

Return on average equity was 12.65% for the third quarter of 2022 compared to 14.77% for the third quarter 2021.

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•

Loans, net increased $54.9 million to $923.6 million at September 30, 2022, compared to $868.7 million at December 31, 2021.

•

Total assets decreased by $68.8 million at September 30, 2022 to $1.09 billion compared to $1.16 billion at December 31, 2021.

•

Total demand deposits decreased $64.7 million to $706.4 million at September 30, 2022, compared to $771.1 million at December 31, 2021. However, during the same period non-interest bearing demand deposits increased by $33.2 million to $243.1 million.

•

Book value per common share increased to $12.54 at September 30, 2022, compared to $11.72 at December 31, 2021.

•

Net non-accrual loans were $239 thousand at September 30, 2022, compared to $565 thousand at December 31, 2021.

The impact to the Company from these items, and others of both a positive and negative nature, will be discussed in more detail as they pertain to the Company’s overall comparative performance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 throughout the analysis sections of this report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company's significant accounting policies conform with generally accepted accounting Principles ("GAAP") and are described in "Note 1 of the Notes to Financial Statements section in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K" for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. In applying those accounting policies, management of the Company is required to exercise judgment in determining many of the methodologies, assumptions and estimates to be utilized. Certain of the critical accounting estimates are more dependent on such judgement and in some cases may contribute to volatility in the Company's reported financial performance should the assumptions and estimates used change over time due to changes in circumstances. The more significant areas in which management of the Company applies critical assumptions and estimates include the following:

The Company maintains an allowance for loan losses ("ALL") at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for known or probable incurred losses in the portfolio at the consolidated balance sheet date. The determination of ALL requires estimates and assumptions in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements that can be particularly susceptible to significant change. The Company has implemented and adheres to an internal loan review system and loss allowance methodology designed to provide for the detection of problem loans and maintenance of an adequate allowance to cover loan losses. Management’s determination of the adequacy of ALL is based on an evaluation of the composition of the portfolio, actual loss experience, industry charge-off experience on loans, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors in the areas in which the Company’s lending activities are based. These factors may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay and the value of the underlying collateral. The allowance is calculated by applying loss factors to loans held for investment according to loan type and loan credit classification. The loss factors are evaluated on a quarterly basis and established based primarily upon the Bank’s historical loss experience. Various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s ALL. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of management. In the opinion of management, and in accordance with the credit loss allowance methodology, the present allowance is considered adequate to absorb estimable and probable incurred credit losses. Additions and reductions to the allowance are reflected in current operations. Charge-offs to the allowance are made when specific loans (or portions thereof) are considered uncollectible or are transferred to other assets acquired through foreclosure and the fair value of the property is less than the loan’s recorded investment. Recoveries are credited to the allowance.

Although management uses the best information available to make these estimates, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary due to economic, operating, regulatory and other conditions that may be beyond the Company’s control. Changes in the circumstances considered when determining management's estimates and assumptions could result in changes in those estimates and assumptions, which could result in adjustment of the allowance for loan losses in future periods. A discussion of facts and circumstances considered by management in determining the allowance for loan losses is included in "Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 4 - Loans Held for Investment" in our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

A summary of our results of operations and financial condition and select metrics is included in the following table:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Net income	$	3,478		$	3,635		$	10,073		$	10,207
Basic earnings per share	$	0.40		$	0.42		$	1.16		$	1.19
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.39		$	0.41		$	1.13		$	1.17
Net interest margin		4.39	%		3.97	%		4.09	%		4.13	%
Return on average assets		1.25	%		1.28	%		1.19	%		1.29	%
Return on average stockholders' equity		12.65	%		14.77	%		12.66	%		14.49	%

The following table sets forth a summary financial overview for the comparable three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase			Nine Months Ended September 30,					Increase
	2022		2021		(Decrease)			2022		2021			(Decrease)
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Consolidated Income Statement Data:
Interest and dividend income	$	12,654	$	11,835	$	819		$	35,860	$	34,541		$	1,319
Interest expense		731		906		(175	)		2,191		2,884			(693	)
Net interest income		11,923		10,929		994			33,669		31,657			2,012
Provision (credit) for loan losses		298		7		291			266		(207	)		473
Net interest income after provision (credit) for loan losses		11,625		10,922		703			33,403		31,864			1,539
Non-interest income		872		1,040		(168	)		3,214		2,809			405
Non-interest expenses		7,610		6,860		750			22,693		20,389			2,304
Income before provision for income taxes		4,887		5,102		(215	)		13,924		14,284			(360	)
Provision for income taxes		1,409		1,467		(58	)		3,851		4,077			(226	)
Net income	$	3,478	$	3,635	$	(157	)	$	10,073	$	10,207		$	(134	)
Earnings per share - basic	$	0.40	$	0.42	$	(0.02	)	$	1.16	$	1.19		$	(0.03	)
Earnings per share - diluted	$	0.39	$	0.41	$	(0.02	)	$	1.13	$	1.17		$	(0.04	)

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Interest Rates and Differentials

The following table illustrates average yields on interest earning assets and average rates on interest bearing liabilities for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022								2021
	Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Cost⁽²⁾			Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Cost⁽²⁾
Interest Earning Assets	(in thousands)
Federal funds sold and interest earning deposits	$	76,265		$	401		2.09	%	$	182,182		$	73		0.16	%
Investment securities		65,148			386		2.35	%		27,552			186		2.68	%
Loans ⁽¹⁾		935,169			11,867		5.03	%		882,058			11,576		5.21	%
Total interest earning assets		1,076,582			12,654		4.66	%		1,091,792			11,835		4.30	%
Nonearning Assets
Cash and due from banks		2,177								2,162
Allowance for loan losses		(11,031	)							(10,174	)
Other assets		38,022								39,818
Total Assets	$	1,105,750							$	1,123,598
Interest Bearing Liabilities
Interest bearing demand deposits		465,317			325		0.28	%		499,301			411		0.33	%
Savings deposits		25,133			14		0.22	%		21,335			18		0.33	%
Time deposits		151,130			189		0.50	%		188,512			279		0.59	%
Total interest bearing deposits		641,580			528		0.33	%		709,148			708		0.40	%
FHLB advances		90,764			203		0.89	%		90,000			198		0.87	%
Total interest bearing liabilities		732,344			731		0.40	%		799,148			906		0.45	%
Non-interest Bearing Liabilities
Non-interest bearing demand deposits		248,538								211,017
Other liabilities		15,789								15,797
Stockholders' equity		109,079								97,636
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	1,105,750							$	1,123,598
Net interest income and margin ⁽³⁾				$	11,923		4.39	%				$	10,929		3.97	%
Net interest spread ⁽⁴⁾							4.26	%							3.85	%
Total cost of funds (including the effect of non-interest bearing demand deposits) ⁽⁵⁾							0.30	%							0.36	%

(1)	Includes nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale.

(2)	Annualized.

(3)	Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average interest earning assets.

(4)	Net interest spread represents average yield earned on interest earning assets less the average rate paid on interest bearing liabilities.

(5)	Total cost of funds (including the effect of non-interest bearing demand deposits) is calculated by dividing total interest expense by the sum of total interest bearing liabilities and non-interest bearing demand deposits.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022								2021
	Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Cost⁽²⁾			Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Cost⁽²⁾
Interest Earning Assets	(in thousands)
Federal funds sold and interest earning deposits	$	143,455		$	812		0.76	%	$	115,265		$	146		0.17	%
Investment securities		45,903			858		2.50	%		26,792			530		2.64	%
Loans ⁽¹⁾		912,414			34,190		5.01	%		883,280			33,865		5.13	%
Total interest earning assets		1,101,772			35,860		4.35	%		1,025,337			34,541		4.50	%
Nonearning Assets
Cash and due from banks		2,177								2,148
Allowance for loan losses		(10,805	)							(10,221	)
Other assets		38,195								39,904
Total Assets	$	1,131,339							$	1,057,168
Interest Bearing Liabilities
Interest bearing demand deposits		493,332			917		0.25	%		449,019			1,359		0.40	%
Savings deposits		24,827			47		0.25	%		20,244			58		0.38	%
Time deposits		163,666			634		0.52	%		182,267			804		0.59	%
Total interest bearing deposits		681,825			1,598		0.31	%		651,530			2,221		0.46	%
FHLB advances		90,257			593		0.88	%		95,806			663		0.93	%
Total interest bearing liabilities		772,082			2,191		0.38	%		747,336			2,884		0.52	%
Non-interest Bearing Liabilities
Non-interest bearing demand deposits		236,531								199,861
Other liabilities		16,352								15,822
Stockholders' equity		106,374								94,149
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	1,131,339							$	1,057,168
Net interest income and margin ⁽³⁾				$	33,669		4.09	%				$	31,657		4.13	%
Net interest spread ⁽⁴⁾							3.97	%							3.98	%
Total cost of funds (including the effect of non-interest bearing demand deposits) ⁽⁵⁾							0.29	%							0.41	%

(1)	Includes nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale.

(2)	Annualized.

(3)	Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average interest earning assets.

(4)	Net interest spread represents average yield earned on interest earning assets less the average rate paid on interest bearing liabilities.

(5)	Total cost of funds (including the effect of non-interest bearing demand deposits) is calculated by dividing total interest expense by the sum of total interest bearing liabilities and non-interest bearing demand deposits.

The table below sets forth the relative impact on net interest income of changes in the volume of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities and changes in rates earned and paid by the Company on such assets and liabilities. For purposes of this table, nonaccrual loans have been included in the average loan balances.

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus 2021									Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 versus 2021
	Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in ⁽¹⁾									Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in ⁽¹⁾
	Volume			Rate			Total			Volume			Rate			Total
	(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Interest income:
Federal funds sold and interest earning deposits	$	(249	)	$	577		$	328		$	134		$	532		$	666
Investment securities		248			(48	)		200			374			(46	)		328
Loans, net		699			(408	)		291			1,122			(797	)		325
Total interest income		698			121			819			1,630			(311	)		1,319

Interest expense:
Interest bearing demand deposits		(25	)		(61	)		(86	)		87			(529	)		(442	)
Savings deposits		2			(6	)		(4	)		10			(21	)		(11	)
Time deposits		(52	)		(38	)		(90	)		(77	)		(93	)		(170	)
FHLB advances		1			4			5			(36	)		(34	)		(70	)
Total interest expense		(74	)		(101	)		(175	)		(16	)		(677	)		(693	)
Net increase	$	772		$	222		$	994		$	1,646		$	366		$	2,012

(1)

Changes due to both volume and rate have been allocated proportionately between changes in volume and rate.

Comparison of interest income, interest expense and net interest margin

The Company’s primary source of revenue is interest income. Interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $12.7 million and $35.9 million, respectively, compared to $11.8 million and $34.5 million for three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Total interest income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was positively impacted by an increase in the average outstanding balance of total loans as well as the purchase of $40.0 million of additional U.S. Treasury securities classified as available for sale during the second quarter. Interest income was also positively impacted by increases of 1.93% and 0.59% in the yield received on federal funds sold and interest earning deposits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. These effects were partially offset by a decrease in the rates earned on outstanding loans, in part due to lower accretion of deferred fees related to PPP loans. The Company recognized $29 thousand and $0.6 million of income in interest and net fees related to PPP loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $1.1 million and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The annualized yield on interest-earning assets for the third quarter 2022 was 4.66% compared to 4.30% for the third quarter of 2021. The annualized yield on interest-earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 4.35% compared to 4.50% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Interest expense for the third quarter and year-to-date periods ending September 30, 2022 was $0.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively. These amounts represented decreases of $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, when compared to the comparable periods in 2021. The decreases in interest expense compared to the prior year periods was primarily due to a decrease in the rates paid on deposit accounts. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the cost of interest bearing deposits was 0.33% and 0.31%, respectively, compared to 0.40% and 0.46% during the comparable periods in prior years. The decreases in rates reflect the Company's disciplined approach to deposit pricing.

The cost of borrowings was 0.89% and 0.87% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increased cost of borrowings was the result of new and repricing advances from the FHLB during the period at higher rates. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the cost of borrowings was 0.88% and 0.93%, respectively. The decrease in the cost of funds between the year to date periods was due to the maturity of advances with a higher interest rate, which were replaced by lower-costing advances.

Including the impact of non-interest bearing deposits, the total cost of funds was 0.30% for the third quarter 2022 compared to 0.36% for the third quarter of 2021. Year-to-date total cost of funds for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 0.29% compared to 0.41% for the first nine months of 2021.

The net impact of the changes in yields on interest earning assets and the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities was an increase in the interest margin for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to 4.39% compared to 3.97% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The net impact of the changes in yields on interest earning assets and the rates paid on interest bearing liabilities was a decrease in the interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to 4.09% compared to 4.13% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

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Provision for loan losses

The provision (or credit) for loan losses in each period is reflected as a charge against earnings in that period. The provision for loan losses is equal to the amount required to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level that is adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The provision for loan losses was $298 thousand and $7 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in the provision for loan losses expense for the third quarter 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021 was primarily due to an increase in the outstanding balance of loans and the increase in net charge offs during the period. The Company’s allowance was 1.20% of loans held for investment at September 30, 2022 compared to 1.20% at December 31, 2021.

The provision (credit) for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $266 thousand compared to $(207) thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The change during the periods was primarily due to an increase in the outstanding balance of loans and the increase in net charge offs during the period.

The following schedule summarizes the provision, charge-offs, and recoveries by loan category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	Manufactured Housing			Commercial Real Estate		Commercial			SBA			HELOC			Single Family Real Estate			Consumer		Total
2022	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	3,976		$	6,120	$	594		$	23		$	37		$	115		$	1	$	10,866
Charge-offs		—			—		—			(182	)		—			—			—		(182	)
Recoveries		88			20		13			4			6			—			—		131
Net recoveries		88			20		13			(178	)		6			—			—		(51	)
Provision (credit)		(77	)		182		24			174			(6	)		—			1		298
Ending balance	$	3,987		$	6,322	$	631		$	19		$	37		$	115		$	2	$	11,113

2021
Beginning balance	$	2,630		$	6,328	$	1,020		$	114		$	25		$	122		$	1	$	10,240
Charge-offs		—			—		—			—			—			—			—		—
Recoveries		4			20		10			1			1			—			—		36
Net recoveries		4			20		10			1			1			—			—		36
Provision (credit)		(25	)		149		(15	)		(87	)		(2	)		(13	)		—		7
Ending balance	$	2,609		$	6,497	$	1,015		$	28		$	24		$	109		$	1	$	10,283

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Manufactured Housing			Commercial Real Estate			Commercial			SBA			HELOC			Single Family Real Estate		Consumer			Total
2022	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	2,606		$	6,729		$	923		$	22		$	18		$	105	$	1		$	10,404
Charge-offs		—			—			—			(182	)		—			—		—			(182	)
Recoveries		123			60			183			246			12			—		1			625
Net recoveries		123			60			183			64			12			—		1			443
Provision (credit)		1,258			(467	)		(475	)		(67	)		7			10		—			266
Ending balance	$	3,987		$	6,322		$	631		$	19		$	37		$	115	$	2		$	11,113

2021
Beginning balance	$	2,612		$	5,950		$	1,379		$	118		$	25		$	108	$	2		$	10,194
Charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Recoveries		155			60			30			46			4			1		—			296
Net recoveries		155			60			30			46			4			1		—			296
Provision (credit)		(158	)		487			(394	)		(136	)		(5	)		—		(1	)		(207	)
Ending balance	$	2,609		$	6,497		$	1,015		$	28		$	24		$	109	$	1		$	10,283

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The percentage of nonaccrual loans to the total loan portfolio has decreased to 0.03% as of September 30, 2022 from 0.06% at December 31, 2021.

The allowance for loan losses compared to nonaccrual loans has increased to 4,650% as of September 30, 2022 from 1,841% as of December 31, 2021. Total past due loans increased to $2.5 million as of September 30, 2022 from $0.7 million as of December 31, 2021. The majority of the increase in past due loans during the period between December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022 is in the 30-59 days past due bucket. During this same period, the balance of loans that were graded as special mention, substandard, or doubtful decreased by $6.6 million and nonaccrual loans decreased by $0.3 million.

Non-Interest Income

The Company earned non-interest income primarily through fees related to services provided to loan and deposit customers.

The following table summarizes the Company's non-interest income for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase			Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase
	2022		2021		(Decrease)			2022		2021		(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Other loan fees	$	292	$	383	$	(91	)	$	915	$	1,006	$	(91	)
Gains from loan sales, net		49		118		(69	)		245		366		(121	)
Document processing fees		114		145		(31	)		337		389		(52	)
Service charges		114		77		37			295		218		77
Other		303		317		(14	)		1,422		830		592
Total non-interest income	$	872	$	1,040	$	(168	)	$	3,214	$	2,809	$	405

Total non-interest income decreased by $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. Other loan fees decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2022 due to lower fee income related to the origination of Farmer Mac loans. In addition, the decrease in other income between the periods was a result of lower gains from loan sales during the period as a result of a lower volume of loans sold compared to the same period in the prior year. Total non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $3.2 million, an increase of $0.4 million compared to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to the recognition of $0.5 million of proceeds from a bank owned life insurance policy and a $104 thousand gain on sale of other assets acquired through foreclosure that was recognized in other income during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Non-Interest Expenses

The following table summarizes the Company's non-interest expenses for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase			Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase
	2022		2021		(Decrease)			2022		2021		(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	4,823	$	4,541	$	282		$	14,784	$	13,611	$	1,173
Occupancy, net		1,046		802		244			3,064		2,361		703
Professional services		653		434		219			1,687		1,204		483
Data processing		302		292		10			919		964		(45	)
Depreciation		173		191		(18	)		535		594		(59	)
FDIC assessment		131		127		4			466		339		127
Advertising and marketing		196		189		7			687		536		151
Other		286		284		2			551		780		(229	)
Total non-interest expenses	$	7,610	$	6,860	$	750		$	22,693	$	20,389	$	2,304

Total non-interest expenses increased by $0.8 million and $2.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2021. The increase in non-interest expenses for the periods presented is primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expenses, and professional services. Salaries and employee benefits increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to increased pressure on wages and benefits as a result of increased inflation and low unemployment. Occupancy costs and professional services also increased during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 due to increased costs associated with contracted services and expenses related to the Company's strategic outsourcing of many of its information technology department services and functions.

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During the year-to-date period ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded other expenses of $0.6 million compared to other expenses of $0.8 million for the-year-to-date period ended September 30, 2021. The three and nine month periods in 2022 were impacted by recaptured loan collection and legal expenses of $132 thousand and $1.1 million, respectively, received from the settlement of a long-standing lawsuit with a former borrower. This expense recapture was partially offset by a decrease in the deferral of loan origination costs of $522 thousand associated with lower new loan origination volume in the current period.

Income Taxes

Income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively, compared to $1.5 million and $4.1 million in the same periods during 2021. The combined state and federal effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were 28.8% and 28.8%, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were 27.7% and 28.5%, respectively. The lower effective tax rate for the year-to-date period in 2022 was the result of the fact that the income recorded from the proceeds from a bank owned life insurance policy in the first quarter of 2022 was non-taxable to the Company.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax basis including operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Net deferred tax assets of $4.6 million and $4.4 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, are reported in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

Accounting standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires that companies assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. Management evaluates the Company’s deferred tax assets for recoverability using a consistent approach which considers the relative impact of negative and positive evidence, including the Company’s historical profitability and projections of future taxable income. The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and record a charge to income if management determines, based on available evidence at the time the determination is made, that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. There was no valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

ASC 740 also prescribes a more likely than not threshold for the financial statement recognition of uncertain tax positions. ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. On a quarterly basis, the Company undergoes a process to evaluate whether income tax accruals are in accordance with ASC 740 guidance on uncertain tax positions. There were no uncertain tax positions at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS

Total assets decreased $68.8 million to $1.1 billion at September 30, 2022 from $1.2 billion at December 31, 2021. The decrease in total assets was mainly due to a decrease of $157.1 million in cash and cash equivalents that were used to pay down higher cost interest bearing deposits. However, partially offsetting this decrease, net loans held for investment increased by $54.2 million as of September 30, 2022. The majority of the increase in loans held for investment was a result of an increase in commercial real estate loans of $63.6 million and manufactured housing loans of $12.6 million, partially offset by a decrease of $20.2 million in SBA loans primarily due to SBA forgiveness and payoff of PPP loans.

Total liabilities decreased $77.2 million to $978.5 million at September 30, 2022 from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2021, mostly due to a decrease in deposits of $97.9 million. Interest bearing demand deposits decreased by $98.1 million and total certificates of deposits decreased by $33.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in non-interest bearing demand deposits of $33.2 million during the same time period.

Total stockholders’ equity increased $8.4 million to $109.8 million at September 30, 2022 from $101.4 million at December 31, 2021. The $10.1 million increase in retained earnings from net income was partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease as a result of dividends paid on common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Book value per common share was $12.54 at September 30, 2022 compared to $11.72 at December 31, 2021.

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Selected Balance Sheet Accounts

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		Increase (Decrease)			Percent Increase (Decrease)
	(dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	51,295	$	208,375	$	(157,080	)		(75.4	)%
Investment securities available-for-sale		57,115		19,711		37,404			189.8	%
Investment securities held-to-maturity		2,596		2,815		(219	)		(7.8	)%
Loans held for sale		22,096		23,408		(1,312	)		(5.6	)%
Loans held for investment, net		912,485		858,271		54,214			6.3	%
Total assets		1,088,278		1,157,052		(68,774	)		(5.9	)%
Total deposits		852,189		950,131		(97,942	)		(10.3	)%
FHLB advances		110,000		90,000		20,000			22.2	%
Total stockholder's equity		109,821		101,375		8,446			8.3	%

The table below summarizes the distribution of the Company’s loans held for investment at the end of each of the periods indicated.

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	309,989		$	297,363
Commercial real estate		544,373			480,801
Commercial		54,042			55,287
SBA		3,468			23,659
HELOC		3,373			3,579
Single family real estate		8,981			8,749
Consumer		323			109
Gross loans held for investment		924,549			869,547
Deferred costs, net		(920	)		(838	)
Discount on SBA loans		(31	)		(34	)
Loans held for investment		923,598			868,675
Allowance for loan losses		(11,113	)		(10,404	)
Loans held for investment, net	$	912,485		$	858,271

The Company had $22.1 million of loans held for sale at September 30, 2022 compared to $23.4 million at December 31, 2021. Loans held for sale at September 30, 2022 consisted of $5.3 million SBA loans and $16.8 million commercial agriculture FSA guaranteed loans. Loans held for sale at December 31, 2021, were $6.3 million SBA loans and $17.1 million commercial agriculture FSA guaranteed loans.

Concentrations of Lending Activities

The Company’s lending activities are primarily driven by the customers served in the market areas where the Company has branch offices in the Central Coast of California. The Company monitors concentrations within selected categories such as geography and product. The Company originates manufactured housing, commercial, SBA, construction, real estate, and consumer loans to customers through branch offices located in the Company’s primary markets. The Company’s business is concentrated in these areas and the loan portfolio includes significant credit exposure to the manufactured housing and commercial real estate markets of these areas. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, manufactured housing loans comprised 33.5% and 34.2%, respectively, of total loans. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, commercial real estate loans accounted for approximately 58.9% and 55.3% of total loans, respectively. Approximately 27.0% and 28.9% of these commercial real estate loans were owner-occupied at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Substantially all of these loans are secured by first liens with average loan to value ratios at origination of 50.9% and 53.8% at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company was within internally established concentration policy limits at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Asset Quality

For all banks and bank holding companies, asset quality plays a significant role in the overall financial condition of the institution and results of operations. The Company measures asset quality in terms of nonaccrual loans as a percentage of gross loans, and net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans. Net charge-offs are calculated as the difference between charged-off loans and recovery payments received on previously charged-off loans.

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	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans (net of government guaranteed portion)	$	239		$	565
Troubled debt restructured loans, gross		6,317			8,565
Nonaccrual loans (net of government guaranteed portion) to gross loans		0.03	%		0.06	%
Net charge-offs (recoveries) (annualized) to average loans		(0.06	)%		(0.04	)%
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans (net of government guaranteed portion)		4,650	%		1,841	%
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans		1.20	%		1.20	%

The following table reflects the recorded investment in certain types of loans at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Loans 30 through 89 days past due with interest accruing	$	2,456	$	704
Loans 90 days or more past due with interest accruing	$	—	$	—

Impaired loans

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays or payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis. When determining the possibility of impairment, management considers the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. For collateral-dependent loans, the Company uses the fair value of collateral method to measure impairment. All other loans are measured for impairment based on the present value of future cash flows. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for all loans in the portfolio.

A loan is considered a TDR when concessions have been made to the borrower and the borrower is in financial difficulty. These concessions include but are not limited to term extensions, rate reductions and principal reductions. Forgiveness of principal is rarely granted and modifications for all classes of loans are predominantly term extensions. TDR loans are also considered impaired.

The following schedule summarizes impaired loans and specific reserves by loan class as of the periods indicated:

	Manufactured Housing		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial		SBA		HELOC		Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total Loans
Impaired Loans as of September 30, 2022:	(in thousands)
Recorded Investment:
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	3,058	$	212	$	72	$	43	$	—	$	213	$	—	$	3,598
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		1,120		—		1,331		18		—		153		—		2,622
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		4,178		212		1,403		61		—		366		—		6,220

Related allowance for impaired loans		166		17		1		1		—		9		—		194
Total impaired loans, net	$	4,012	$	195	$	1,402	$	60	$	—	$	357	$	—	$	6,026

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	Manufactured Housing		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial		SBA		HELOC		Single Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total Loans
Impaired Loans as of December 31, 2021:	(in thousands)
Recorded Investment:
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded	$	3,563	$	220	$	85	$	194	$	—	$	425	$	—	$	4,487
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded		1,358		1,402		1,505		226		—		258		—		4,749
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment		4,921		1,622		1,590		420		—		683		—		9,236

Related allowance for impaired loans		210		17		—		1		—		12		—		240
Total impaired loans, net	$	4,711	$	1,605	$	1,590	$	419	$	—	$	671	$	—	$	8,996

Total impaired loans decreased $3.0 million as of September 30, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021. This decrease was primarily in impaired commercial real estate and manufactured housing categories, which decreased by $1.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes nonaccrual loans by loan segment:

	At September 30, 2022								At December 31, 2021
	Nonaccrual Balance		%			Percent of Total Loans			Nonaccrual Balance		%			Percent of Total Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Manufactured housing	$	85		35.56	%		0.01	%	$	306		54.16	%		0.03	%
SBA		—		0.00	%		0.00	%		1		0.18	%		0.00	%
Single family real estate		154		64.44	%		0.02	%		258		45.66	%		0.03	%
Total nonaccrual loans	$	239		100.00	%		0.03	%	$	565		100.00	%		0.06	%

Nonaccrual loans decreased $0.3 million, or 58.0%, from $0.6 million at December 31, 2021 to $0.2 million at September 30, 2022.

CWB or the SBA repurchases the guaranteed portion of SBA loans from investors when those loans become past due 120 days. After the foreclosure and collection process is complete, the SBA reimburses CWB for this principal balance. Therefore, although these balances do not earn interest during this period, they generally do not result in a loss of principal to CWB.

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Allowance For Loan Losses

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan type. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Allowance for loan losses:							(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	10,866		$	10,240		$	10,404		$	10,194
Provision (credit) charged to operating expenses:
Manufactured housing		(77	)		(25	)		1,258			(158	)
Commercial real estate		182			149			(467	)		487
Commercial		24			(15	)		(475	)		(394	)
SBA		174			(87	)		(67	)		(136	)
HELOC		(6	)		(2	)		7			(5	)
Single family real estate		—			(13	)		10			—
Consumer		1			—			—			(1	)
Total Provision (credit)		298			7			266			(207	)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off:
Manufactured housing		88			4			123			155
Commercial real estate		20			20			60			60
Commercial		13			10			183			30
SBA		4			1			246			46
HELOC		6			1			12			4
Single family real estate		—			—			—			1
Consumer		—			—			1			—
Total recoveries		131			36			625			296
Loans charged-off:
Manufactured housing		—			—			—			—
Commercial real estate		—			—			—			—
Commercial		—			—			—			—
SBA		182			—			182			—
HELOC		—			—			—			—
Single family real estate		—			—			—			—
Consumer		—			—			—			—
Total charged-off		182			—			182			—
Net charge-offs (recoveries)		51			(36	)		(443	)		(296	)
Balance at end of period	$	11,113		$	10,283		$	11,113		$	10,283

Investment Securities

The investment securities portfolio of the Company is utilized as collateral for borrowings, required collateral for public deposits and to manage liquidity, capital, and interest rate risk.

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The carrying value of investment securities was as follows:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(in thousands)
Securities available for sale (at fair value)
U.S. government agency notes	$	4,480	$	5,508
U.S. government agency CMO		4,470		4,883
U.S. Treasury securities		39,795		-
Corporate debt securities		8,370		9,320
Total securities available for sale		57,115		19,711

Securities held to maturity (at amortized cost): US government agency MBS		2,596		2,815
Equity securities (at fair value): Farmer Mac class A stock		198		248
Total investment securities	$	59,909	$	22,774

Other Assets Acquired Through Foreclosure

The following table represents the changes in other assets acquired through foreclosure:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022			2021
	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	2,250	$	2,572	$	2,518		$	2,614
Additions		—		—		—			136
Proceeds from dispositions		—		—		(372	)		—
Gain (loss) on sales, net		—		—		104			(178	)
Balance, end of period	$	2,250	$	2,572	$	2,250		$	2,572

Other assets acquired through foreclosure consist primarily of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure. Properties or other assets (primarily manufactured housing) are classified as other real estate owned and other repossessed assets and are reported at fair value at the time of foreclosure less estimated costs to sell. Costs relating to development or improvement of the assets are capitalized to the extent that they are deemed to be recoverable and increase the value of the property; otherwise those costs are expensed. Costs related to holding the assets are charged to expense. The Company did not have any valuation allowances against foreclosed assets as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Deposits

The following table provides the balance and percentage change in the Company’s deposits:

	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		Increase (Decrease)			Percent Increase (Decrease)
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	243,100	$	209,893	$	33,207			15.8	%
Interest bearing demand deposits		439,455		537,508		(98,053	)		(18.2	)%
Savings		23,865		23,675		190			0.8	%
Certificates of deposit ($250,000 or more)		9,909		17,612		(7,703	)		(43.7	)%
Other certificates of deposit		135,860		161,443		(25,583	)		(15.8	)%
Total deposits	$	852,189	$	950,131	$	(97,942	)		(10.3	)%

Total deposits decreased to $852.2 million at September 30, 2022 from $950.1 million at December 31, 2021. This decrease was primarily from a decrease in interest bearing demand deposits and certificates of deposit. These decreases were largely the result of depositors that moved their accounts to institutions that were advertising higher rates on these types of accounts. Decreases in these categories were partially offset by an increase in non-interest bearing demand deposits.

Deposits are the primary source of funding the Company’s asset growth. In addition, the Bank is a member of Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) and Insured Cash Sweep ("ICS"). CDARS and ICS provide a mechanism for obtaining FDIC insurance for large deposits. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $73.9 million and $109.3 million, respectively, of CDARS and ICS deposits.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity for a bank is the ongoing ability to fund asset growth and business operations, to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals and meet contractual obligations through unconstrained access to funding at reasonable market rates. Liquidity management involves forecasting funding requirements and maintaining sufficient capacity to meet the needs and accommodate fluctuations in asset and liability levels due to changes in our business operations or unanticipated events.

The ability to have readily available funds sufficient to repay fully maturing liabilities is of primary importance to depositors, creditors and regulators. CWB's available liquidity is represented by cash and amounts due from banks, federal funds sold and non-pledged marketable securities. CWB manages its liquidity risk through operating, investing and financing activities. Liquidity requirements can also be met through short-term borrowings or the disposition of short-term assets. In order to ensure funds are available when necessary, on at least a quarterly basis CWB projects the amount of funds that will be required.

The Company has established policies as well as analytical tools to manage liquidity. Proper liquidity management ensures that sufficient funds are available to meet normal operating demands in addition to unexpected customer demand for funds, such as high levels of deposit withdrawals or increased loan demand, in a timely and cost-effective manner. CWB’s liquidity management is viewed from a long-term and short-term perspective, as well as from an asset and liability perspective. Management monitors liquidity through regular reviews of maturity profiles, funding sources and loan and deposit forecasts to minimize funding risk. The Bank has asset/liability committees (“ALCO”) at the Board and Bank management level to review asset/liability management and liquidity issues.

The Company through CWB has a blanket lien credit line with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”). FHLB advances are collateralized in the aggregate by CWB’s eligible loans and securities. Total FHLB fixed rate advances were $110.0 million at September 30, 2022 and $90.0 million at December 31, 2021. The Company also had $29.0 million of letters of credit with FHLB at September 30, 2022 to secure public funds. At September 30, 2022, CWB had pledged to the FHLB $51.2 million of securities and $237.2 million of loans. At September 30, 2022, based on the amounts of loans and securities pledged, CWB had $36.4 million available for additional borrowing. At December 31, 2021, CWB had pledged to the FHLB securities with a carrying value of $13.2 million and $286.6 million of loans.

CWB has established a credit line with the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”). There were no outstanding FRB advances as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were $260.2 million and $259.5 million of loans pledged to the FRB. CWB had $88.9 million and $119.0 million in borrowing capacity as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Company has federal funds purchased lines at correspondent banks with a total borrowing capacity of $20.0 million. There were no borrowings outstanding under these agreements as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The Company continues to face strong competition for core deposits. The liquidity ratio of the Company was 12.0% and 21.7% at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company’s liquidity ratio fluctuates in conjunction with loan funding demands. The liquidity ratio consists of the sum of cash and due from banks, deposits in other financial institutions, available-for-sale investments, federal funds sold, and loans held for sale, divided by total assets.

As a legal entity, separate and distinct from the Bank, CWBC must rely on its own resources for its liquidity. CWBC’s routine funding requirements primarily consisted of certain operating expenses, common stock dividends and interest payments on the other borrowings. CWBC obtains funding to meet its obligations from dividends collected from CWB and fees charged for services provided to CWB and has the capability to issue equity and debt securities. Federal banking laws and regulatory requirements regulate the amount of dividends that may be paid by a banking subsidiary without prior approval. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, CWBC declared and paid dividends of $0.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively. On October 28, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.075 per share dividend payable on November 30, 2022, to stockholders of record on November 14, 2022. The Company anticipates that it will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends in the future, although there can be no assurance that payment of such dividends will continue or that they will not be reduced.

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CWBC has a $10.0 million revolving line of credit. The Company must maintain a compensating deposit account with the lender of $1 million. In addition, the Company must maintain a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.65 to one, a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 7.0%, a minimum total risked based capital ratio of 10.0% and a maximum net non-accrual ratio of not more than 3.0%. At September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the line of credit balance was zero. The Company was in compliance with all of the required debt covenants at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Our material cash requirements may include funding existing loan commitments, funding equity investments, withdrawal/maturity of existing deposits, repayment of borrowings, operating lease payments, and expenditures necessary to maintain current operations.

The Company enters into contractual obligations in the normal course of business as a source of funds for its asset growth and to meet required capital needs. The following schedule summarizes maturities and principal payments due on our contractual obligations excluding interest:

	At September 30, 2022
	Less than 1 year		More than 1 year		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Time deposits	$	19,812	$	125,957	$	145,769
FHLB advances		20,000		90,000		110,000
Operating lease obligations		1,013		5,143		6,155
Total	$	40,825	$	221,100	$	261,924

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into various transactions to meet financing needs of our customers, which, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. These transactions include off-balance sheet commitments, including commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. The following table presents a summary of the Company's commitments to extend credit by expiration period.

	At September 30, 2022
	Less than 1 year		More than 1 year		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Loan commitments to extend credit	$	49,720		54,364	$	104,084
Standby letters of credit		-		-		-
Total	$	49,720		54,364	$	104,084

Capital Resources

Maintaining capital strength continues to be a long-term objective for the Company. Capital is necessary to sustain growth, provide protection against unanticipated declines in asset values, and to safeguard depositor funds. Capital is also a source of funds for loan demand and enables the Company to effectively manage its assets and liabilities. The Company has the capacity to issue 60,000,000 shares of common stock of which 8,755,363 have been issued at September 30, 2022. Conversely, the Company may decide to repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock, depending on the market price and other relevant factors. CWB is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements could trigger certain mandatory or discretionary actions that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company's business and financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, CWB must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgements by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

In 2019, the federal banking agencies jointly issued a final rule, which provides for an additional optional, simplified measure of capital adequacy, the community bank leverage ratio framework. Under this framework, the bank would choose the option of using the community bank leverage ratio (CBLR). A CBLR bank may opt out of the framework at any time, without restriction, by reverting to the generally applicable risk-based capital rules. As of the fourth quarter 2021, the Company rescinded its CBLR election.

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The following tables illustrate the Bank’s regulatory ratios and the Federal Reserve’s current adequacy guidelines as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

	Total Capital (To Risk-Weighted Assets)			Tier 1 Capital (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Common Equity Tier 1 (To Risk- Weighted Assets)			Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital (To Average Assets)
September 30, 2022
CWB's actual regulatory ratios		12.46	%		11.30	%		11.30	%		9.83	%
Minimum capital requirements		8.00	%		6.00	%		4.50	%		4.00	%
Well-capitalized requirements		10.00	%		8.00	%		6.50	%		N/A

December 31, 2021
CWB's actual regulatory ratios		12.19	%		11.02	%		11.02	%		8.56	%
Minimum capital requirements		8.00	%		6.00	%		4.50	%		4.00	%
Well-capitalized requirements		10.00	%		8.00	%		6.50	%		N/A

There are no conditions or events since September 30, 2022 that management believes have changed the Company’s or the Bank’s risk-based capital category. The Company is closely monitoring capital levels in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential impact of its effect upon earnings.

Supervision and Regulation

Banking is a complex, highly regulated industry. The primary goals of the regulatory scheme are to maintain a safe and sound banking system, protect depositors and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (“FDIC”) insurance fund, and facilitate the conduct of sound monetary policy. In furtherance of these goals, Congress and the states have created several largely autonomous regulatory agencies and enacted numerous laws that govern banks, bank holding companies and the financial services industry. Consequently, the growth and earnings performance of the Company can be affected not only by management decisions and general economic conditions, but also by the requirements of applicable state and federal statutes, regulations, and the policies of various governmental regulatory authorities, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and FDIC.

The system of supervision and regulation applicable to financial services businesses governs most aspects of the business of CWBC and CWB, including: (i) the scope of permissible business; (ii) investments; (iii) reserves that must be maintained against deposits; (iv) capital levels that must be maintained; (v) the nature and amount of collateral that may be taken to secure loans; (vi) the establishment of new branches; (vii) mergers and consolidations with other financial institutions; and (viii) the payment of dividends.

Laws or regulations are enacted which may have the effect of increasing the cost of doing business, limiting, or expanding the scope of permissible activities, or changing the competitive balance between banks and other financial and non-financial institutions. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations of banks and bank holding companies are frequently made in Congress and by various bank and other regulatory agencies. Future changes in the laws, regulations or policies that impact the Company cannot necessarily be predicted, but they may have a material effect on the Company’s business and earnings.

For a detailed discussion of the regulatory scheme governing the Company and CWB, please see the discussion in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 under the caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Supervision and Regulation."

ITEM 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures about market risk are set forth in Item 7A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. There has been no material change in these disclosures as previously disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K. For further discussion of interest rate risk, see Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity - Interest Rate Risk.”

The Company expects to see continued volatility in the economic markets and government responses to inflation, rising interest rates, the threat of a pending recession in the U.S. economy, and the Russian Federation invasion of Ukraine. These changing conditions and governmental responses could have impacts on the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated income statements of the Company.

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ITEM 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s management, which includes the Company's Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information relating to the Company (including its consolidated subsidiary) required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.

Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving an entity’s disclosure objectives. The likelihood of achieving such objectives is affected by limitations inherent in disclosure controls and procedures. These include the fact that human judgment in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns in internal control can occur because of human failures such as simple errors or mistakes or intentional circumvention of the established process.

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated whether there was any change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 and determined that there was no change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is involved in various other litigation matters of a routine nature that are being handled and defended in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. In the opinion of management, based in part on consultation with legal counsel, the resolution of these litigation matters is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves various risks which are particular to our Company, our industry, and our market area. Several risk factors that may have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition are discussed in Item 1A of Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. There has been no material change in the Company’s risk factors as previously disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K.

ITEM 2.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The Company made no repurchases of its common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 and there was approximately $1.4 million that may yet be purchased under the Company's repurchase program.

ITEM 3.

DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.

OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6.

EXHIBITS

The following Exhibits are filed herewith.

Exhibit Number

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended, and 18 U.S.C. 1350.

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

This certification is furnished to, but shall not be deemed filed, with the Commission. This certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. 1350.

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES

(Registrant)

Date: November 10, 2022

BY:

/s/ Richard Pimentel

	Richard Pimentel
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

	On Behalf of Registrant and as a Duly Authorized Officer
	and as Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

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