COMPUTER PROGRAMS & SYSTEMS INC - Annual Report: 2018 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO .
Commission file number: 000-49796
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
| Delaware | 74-3032373 | |||||||
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
| 6600 Wall Street, Mobile, Alabama | 36695 | |||||||
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||
(251) 639-8100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |||||||
| Common Stock, par value $.001 per share | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC | |||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ý | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨ | |||||||||||||||||
| Emerging Growth Company | ¨ | |||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant at June 30, 2018 was $330,156,830.
As of March 11, 2019, the registrant had outstanding 14,335,180 shares of its common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS FORM 10-K:
Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report to the extent described herein.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Item No. | Page No. | |||||||
| PART I | ||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||
| 1A. | ||||||||
| 1B. | ||||||||
| 2 | ||||||||
| 3 | ||||||||
| 4 | ||||||||
| PART II | ||||||||
| 5 | ||||||||
| 6 | ||||||||
| 7 | ||||||||
| 7A. | ||||||||
| 8 | ||||||||
| 9 | ||||||||
| 9A. | ||||||||
| 9B. | ||||||||
| PART III | ||||||||
| 10 | ||||||||
| 11 | ||||||||
| 12 | ||||||||
| 13 | ||||||||
| 14 | ||||||||
| PART IV | ||||||||
| 15 | ||||||||
| * | Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report to the extent described herein. | ||||
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements can be identified generally by the use of forward-looking terminology and words such as "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "believes," "predicts," "intends," "plans," "potential," "may," "continue," "should," "will" and words of comparable meaning. Without limiting the generality of the preceding statement, all statements in this Annual Report relating to estimated and projected earnings, margins, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates and future financial results are forward-looking statements. We caution investors that any such forward-looking statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of future performance. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Such factors may include:
•overall business and economic conditions affecting the healthcare industry, including the effects of the federal healthcare reform legislation enacted in 2010, and implementing regulations, on the businesses of our hospital customers;
•government regulation of our products and services and the healthcare and health insurance industries, including changes in healthcare policy affecting Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates and qualifying technological standards;
•changes in customer purchasing priorities, capital expenditures and demand for information technology systems;
•saturation of our target market and hospital consolidations;
•general economic conditions, including changes in the financial and credit markets that may affect the availability and cost of credit to us or our customers;
•our substantial indebtedness, and our ability to incur additional indebtedness in the future;
•our potential inability to generate sufficient cash in order to meet our debt service obligations;
•restrictions on our current and future operations because of the terms of our senior secured credit facilities;
•market risks related to interest rate changes;
•competition with companies that have greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we have;
•failure to develop new technology and products in response to market demands;
•failure of our products to function properly resulting in claims for medical and other losses;
•breaches of security and viruses in our systems resulting in customer claims against us and harm to our reputation;
•failure to maintain customer satisfaction through new product releases free of undetected errors or problems;
•failure to convince customers to migrate to current or future releases of our products;
•interruptions in our power supply and/or telecommunications capabilities, including those caused by natural disaster;
•our ability to attract and retain qualified client service and support personnel;
•failure to properly manage growth in new markets we may enter;
•misappropriation of our intellectual property rights and potential intellectual property claims and litigation against us;
•changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America;
•significant charges to earnings if our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired; and
•fluctuations in quarterly financial performance due to, among other factors, timing of customer installations.
For more information about the risks described above and other risks affecting us, see "Risk Factors" beginning on page 18 of this Annual Report. We also caution investors that the forward-looking information described herein represents our outlook only as of this date, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or developments after the date of this Annual Report.
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PART I
| ITEM 1. | BUSINESS | ||||
Overview
Computer Programs and Systems, Inc. ("we," "CPSI" or the "Company") is a leading provider of healthcare solutions and services for community hospitals, clinics and post-acute care facilities. Founded in 1979, CPSI offers our products and services through three companies - Evident, LLC ("Evident"), TruBridge, LLC ("TruBridge"), and American HealthTech, Inc. ("AHT"). These combined companies are focused on improving the health of the communities we serve, connecting communities for a better patient care experience, and improving the financial operations of our clients. The individual contributions of each of these companies towards this combined focus are as follows:
•Evident provides comprehensive acute care electronic health record ("EHR") solutions, Thrive and Centriq, and related services for community hospitals and their physician clinics.
•TruBridge focuses on providing business management, consulting, and managed information technologies ("IT") services along with its complete revenue cycle management ("RCM") solution for all care settings, regardless of their primary healthcare information solutions provider.
•AHT provides a comprehensive post-acute care EHR solution and related services for skilled nursing and assisted living facilities.
Our companies currently support approximately 1,000 acute care facilities and approximately 3,300 post-acute care facilities with a geographically diverse customer mix within the domestic community healthcare market. The Company has a limited presence in the international healthcare IT marketplace, with one client in the Caribbean nation of St. Maarten.
Our target market for our acute care solutions includes community hospitals with fewer than 200 acute care beds. Our primary focus within this defined target market is on hospitals with fewer than 100 beds, which comprise approximately 98% of our acute care hospital EHR customer base. Our target market for our TruBridge services includes community hospitals with fewer than 500 acute care beds. The target market for our post-acute care solutions consists of over 15,000 skilled nursing facilities that are either independently owned or part of a larger management group with multiple facilities. During 2018, we generated revenues of $280.4 million from the sale of our products and services.
Industry Dynamics
The healthcare industry is the largest industry in the United States economy, comprising approximately 17.9% of the U.S. gross domestic product in 2016 according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS"). CMS estimates that by fiscal 2026, total U.S. healthcare spending will reach $5.7 trillion, or 19.7% of the estimated U.S. gross domestic product.
Hospital services represents one of the largest categories of total healthcare expenditures, comprising approximately 32% of total healthcare expenditures in 2016 according to the CMS. According to the American Hospital Association’s AHA Hospital Statistics, 2019 Edition, there are approximately 3,900 community hospitals in the United States that are in our target market of hospitals with fewer than 200 beds, with approximately 2,900 of those in our primary area of focus of fewer than 100 acute care beds. In addition, there is a market of small specialty hospitals that focus on discrete medical areas such as surgery, rehabilitation and long-term acute care.
Notwithstanding the size and importance of the healthcare industry within the United States economy, the industry is constantly challenged by changing economic dynamics, increased regulation and pressure to improve the quality of healthcare. These challenges are particularly significant for the hospitals in our target market due to their more limited financial and human resources and their dependency on Medicare and Medicaid populations for a substantial portion of their revenue. However, we believe healthcare providers can successfully address these issues with the help of advanced medical information systems and our suite of complementary services. Specific examples of the challenges and opportunities facing healthcare providers include the following:
Changing Economic Dynamics. The economy of the healthcare industry, although not immune to general macroeconomic conditions, is heavily impacted by legislative and regulatory initiatives of the federal and state governments. These legislative and regulatory initiatives have a particularly significant impact on our customer base, as community hospitals typically generate a significant portion of their revenues from beneficiaries of the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Consequently, even small
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changes in these federal and state programs have a disproportionately larger effect on community hospitals as compared to larger facilities where greater portions of their revenues are typically generated from beneficiaries of private insurance programs. Medicare and Medicaid funding and reimbursements fluctuate year to year and, with the growth in healthcare costs, will continue to be scrutinized as the federal and state governments attempt to control the costs and growth of the program. The Medicaid program, which is a federal/state program managed by the individual states and dependent in part on funding from the states, also continues to experience funding issues due to the increasing cost of healthcare and limited state revenues.
Mandatory cuts in federal spending resulting from the Budget Control Act of 2011 (the "Budget Control Act") became effective in March 2013. Although Medicaid is specifically exempted from the cuts mandated by the legislation, the Budget Control Act includes a reduction of up to 2% in federal Medicare spending, which has been achieved by reduced reimbursements to healthcare providers. Additionally, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, more commonly referred to as the Affordable Care Act (the "ACA"), has put into effect a number of provisions designed to reduce Medicare and Medicaid program spending by significant amounts. As the federal government seeks in the future to further limit deficit spending due to fiscal restraints, it will likely continue to cut entitlement spending programs such as Medicare and Medicaid matching grants, which will place further cost pressures on hospitals and other healthcare providers. Furthermore, federal and state budget shortfalls could lead to potential reductions in funding for Medicare and Medicaid. Further reductions in reimbursements from Medicare and Medicaid could lead to hospitals postponing expenditures on information technology.
While legislative and regulatory initiatives are placing significant pressure on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements, our customer base of community hospitals is also likely faced with increases in demand for Medicare and Medicaid services. We expect that the demand for Medicare and Medicaid services will increase for the foreseeable future due to the growing number of people born during the post-World War II baby boom that are becoming eligible for Medicare benefits at age 65, as well as states electing to expand Medicaid coverage under the provisions of the ACA. The challenges posed by this dual-threat of increased demand for Medicare and Medicaid services and downward pressure on reimbursements are further complicated by the shift away from volume-based reimbursement towards value-based reimbursement, linking reimbursement to quality measurements and outcomes.
To compete in the continually changing healthcare environment, providers are increasingly using technology in order to help maximize the efficiency of their business practices, to assist in enhancing patient care, and to maintain the privacy and security of patient information. Healthcare providers are placing increased demands on their information systems to accomplish these tasks. We believe that information systems must facilitate management of patient information across administrative, financial and clinical tasks. Information systems must also effectively interface with a variety of payor organizations within the increasingly complex reimbursement environment.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. In 2009, the U.S. federal government enacted the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (the "ARRA"), which included the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act ("HITECH"). HITECH authorized the EHR incentive program, which provided significant incentive funding to physicians and hospitals that can prove they have adopted and are appropriately using technology such as our EHR solutions. The level to which healthcare providers must prove they are effectively utilizing such solutions in order to qualify for these incentives is measured through an escalating criteria designated as "meaningful use." As a result of our obtaining the required certifications and our track record with our hospital customers successfully achieving meaningful use, the ARRA continues to have a positive impact on our business and the businesses of the community hospitals that comprise our target market.
Similarly, compliance with the meaningful use rules has accelerated the purchases of incremental applications by our existing clients. Consequently, our penetration rates within our existing customer base for our current menu of applications have increased significantly under the ARRA, thereby significantly narrowing the market for add-on sales to existing clients in future years. As a result of the announcement from CMS on August 2, 2018 of a final rule changing the attestation period for 2019 and 2020 to any continuous 90-day period instead of the previously-required full year attestation period, hospitals now have until October 1, 2019 to install compliant technology in order to meet the requirements of the program during 2019, compared to a deadline of January 1, 2019 under the previous rule. We believe that the stage three requirements of the meaningful use program (re-named "Promoting Interoperability" by such rule) provide a significant opportunity for add-on sales revenues through 2019.
Continued Push for Improved Patient Care. With the increased pressure to reduce medical errors and improve patient safety, driven in part by the general shift towards value-based reimbursement, hospitals are actively seeking information technology solutions for clinical decision support. This migration toward clinical decision support solutions is further supported by the ARRA. Provisions of the ARRA offered incentives for hospitals to become meaningful users of EHRs through September 2015. Hospitals and healthcare providers that did not implement and demonstrate meaningful use of EHRs by October 1, 2014 were penalized with lower Medicare payment levels after that date.
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In the face of decreasing revenue and increasing pressure to improve patient care, healthcare providers are in need of management tools and related services that (1) increase efficiency in the delivery of healthcare services, (2) reduce medical errors, (3) effectively track the cost of delivering services so that those costs can be properly managed and (4) increase the speed and rate of reimbursement. A hospital’s failure to adequately invest in a modern medical information system could result in fewer patient referrals, cost inefficiencies, lower than expected reimbursement, increased malpractice risk and possible regulatory infractions.
Despite challenging economic conditions, we believe the industry has increased and will continue to increase its adoption of information technology as a management tool, particularly as a result of the ARRA. Additionally, we believe that the industry will continue to increase its utilization of third party services that contribute to the achievement of these and other objectives necessary for success in the current environment. We believe these dynamics should allow for future revenue growth for both our information technology solutions and our complementary suite of services.
Our Solutions
Evident and AHT provide tailored IT solutions that effectively address the specific needs of small and midsize hospitals, their physician clinics, as well as skilled nursing facilities of all sizes across the U.S. Their broad offerings of software products and services collect, process, retain, and report data in the primary functional areas of these healthcare providers, from patient care to clinical processing to administration and accounting. Due to their smaller operating budgets, community hospitals have limited financial and human resources to operate manual or inefficient information systems. However, these hospitals are expected to achieve the same quality of care and regulatory compliance as larger hospitals, placing them in a particularly difficult operating environment. These pressures on the operating environments of community hospitals were increased with the passage of the ARRA in 2009 which, in addition to providing incentives to healthcare providers to achieve meaningful use of EHR, has resulted in lowered Medicare payment levels for healthcare providers that have yet to achieve meaningful use of EHR.
We believe that our acute care IT solutions meet these challenges facing community hospitals by providing fully integrated, enterprise-wide and ARRA-certified medical information systems and services that are compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ("HIPAA"). Further, through our wholly-owned subsidiary, TruBridge, we offer business management, consulting and managed IT services, along with its full RCM solution, that allow our acute and post-acute care clients to outsource all or just a portion of their business office function. Consulting and other services help clients avoid some of the fixed costs of a business office and leverage our expertise and resources in helping them identify their IT objectives, define the best way to meet those requirements and manage the resulting projects and associated technologies. As a result, we are capable of providing a single-source solution to healthcare organizations, making us a partner in their initiatives to improve operations and medical care.
As a key component to providing complete solutions, we maintain strong partnerships with our clients through a variety of two-way communication channels, including our support teams, role-based user groups, client councils, client work groups, our annual National Client Conference and other organized events and venues that foster insightful and meaningful communication. By listening to our clients and staying abreast of market trends, we strive to provide the right healthcare solutions at the right time to help meet the specific business needs of acute and post-acute care organizations. Our business has continued to grow because we have successfully provided fully integrated, enterprise-wide information systems that allow community hospitals, their physician clinics and skilled nursing facilities to improve operating effectiveness, reduce costs and improve the quality of patient care.
In January 2013, we formed TruBridge as a wholly-owned subsidiary focusing exclusively on providing business management, consulting and managed IT services to community healthcare organizations. While our traditional client base for these services has been those community healthcare organizations who have selected CPSI as their single-source healthcare information solutions provider, the formation of TruBridge has allowed for an improved focus of our marketing and service delivery resources and has assisted us in expanding the client base for these service offerings to all community healthcare organizations, regardless of their primary healthcare information solutions provider.
In April 2015, we announced the formation of Evident, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CPSI. Evident provides EHR solutions previously sold under the CPSI name as well as an expanded range of offerings specifically targeting community healthcare organizations. Our objectives with the creation of Evident are to further differentiate our system and support offerings in our core target market, broaden the positioning of our EHR solution and offer a new range of solutions to address current and upcoming needs of community healthcare providers. With the formation of Evident came the introduction of our EHR solution under the name Thrive.
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January 2016 marked an important milestone for CPSI, as we announced the completion of our acquisition of Healthland Holding Inc. ("HHI"), the first major acquisition in the Company's history. The acquisition of HHI and its wholly-owned subsidiaries:
•has strengthened our position in providing healthcare information systems to community healthcare organizations through the addition of Healthland Inc.'s flagship EHR solution, Centriq, now marketed under the Evident logo;
•introduced CPSI to the post-acute care market through the addition of AHT; and
•expanded the products and capabilities of TruBridge through the addition of the Rycan Technologies, Inc. suite of RCM products, now marketed under the TruBridge logo.
Strategy
Our objective is to increase the market share of our TruBridge services, aggressively pursue competitive and vulnerable EHR replacement opportunities, and differentiate our products and services on a client experience basis that enables us to sell a broader set of services into a loyal base of clients that are our advocates. The healthcare industry is in the midst of transitioning to value-based reimbursement, care coordination and interoperability. Our strategy is to position our services and solutions with community healthcare providers so that they are able to respond to these changes positively by enabling them to improve community health and connect providers and patients within the community and with other communities, while improving financial operations. We intend to leverage several strengths to accomplish this goal.
Market Share/Scale
Our acute care EHR solutions and services are used by approximately 1,000 facilities which represents approximately 19% of all inpatient acute care community hospitals nationally and approximately 26% of the market of community hospitals with fewer than 200 beds. Our post-acute care EHR solutions and services are used by approximately 3,300 skilled nursing facilities, which represents an approximately 22% market share. We believe the size of our client base and scale of our development and client support resources is a positive factor for community healthcare providers looking for a long term partner with a proven track record in meeting the unique needs of community healthcare.
EHR Solutions Across the Care Continuum
Our EHR solutions address the entire continuum of care, with systems that address the three primary care settings: ambulatory care, inpatient acute care and post-acute care. This enables providers to coordinate patient care across the major settings where care is delivered. New payment models in both the government and private payer sectors are focused on payment for delivering quality outcomes and keeping patients well while still delivering financial efficiencies. These financial efficiencies are realized through the elimination of duplicate tests performed in different care settings, as well as providing timely access to clinical information from other care settings, when making diagnostic decisions. Having integrated solutions across the care continuum facilitates this process for providers and healthcare organizations.
Solutions and Services to Address Value-Based Reimbursement
With the continued emphasis on value-based reimbursement models, data analytics has become a critical tool for community healthcare providers to enable them to shift from reactive to proactive care delivery. We currently offer business intelligence as the first facet of a three-phase approach to analytics solutions, which we plan to expand to include predictive and prescriptive analytics. Because of the complexity inherent in data analytics, we will provide services to healthcare providers to assist them with certain aspects of data modeling and data analysis.
Interoperability
We currently provide integration across our ambulatory and inpatient EHR solutions. This integration was expanded to encompass our post-acute care EHR product in 2016. In addition, as a founding member of the CommonWell Health Alliance, we enable healthcare organizations to identify, confirm and link patient encounters across the CommonWell network. This translates into patient data that is not only shareable within communities but across communities as well.
Focus on the Financial Health of Community Healthcare Providers
Given the ongoing transition to value-based reimbursement models, community healthcare providers are under more financial pressure than ever before. Our accounts receivable management services incorporate proven workflow and processes as well as industry leading revenue cycle management tools. A new aspect of many current payment models is an increasing
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shift of the financial burden to the patient. Community hospitals typically underperform in private pay collections because of the nature of community healthcare but cannot afford to forego the patient portion of contributions. Through our private pay services, providers can bring in much needed private pay receipts without alienating the local community.
Our operational expertise and technology tools provide proven results in improving claim acceptance rates, accelerating payments from third party payers and increasing private pay collections. We also differentiate our services by working to maintain employment in the community by hiring local employees to continue their role under our services program.
Explore Additional Revenue Streams that Complement Existing Markets, Solutions and Services
In the EHR space, we are selling our ambulatory EHR solutions on a standalone basis with a focus on communities that already have one of our EHR solutions installed in an acute care setting. Also, we are actively pursuing expansion of our inpatient EHR product into the Canadian market through our own direct efforts and collaboration with key Canadian technology providers. In the United States EHR market, we are targeting other types of providers who have lagged behind inpatient acute care in EHR adoption such as ambulatory surgery centers, behavioral health facilities and inpatient psychiatric hospitals. In the post-acute care market, we are now providing an EHR solution for assisted living facilities in conjunction with our own post-acute care EHR for skilled nursing operators. In the services business we will continue to look for opportunities to add or increase services resulting from changing market dynamics, availability of technology or operational expertise, or changes in regulatory requirements.
In an effort to expand revenue streams outside our traditional models, we have partnered with Caravan Health to form the CPSI ACOs powered by Caravan Health. Accountable Care Organizations ("ACOs") are groups of healthcare providers who come together voluntarily to give coordinated high quality care to Medicare patients. ACOs are seeing increased popularity in the United States healthcare market due to the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 ("MACRA"). MACRA is a quality payment model adopted in 2015 to replace the Sustainable Growth Rate model for paying physicians for treating Medicare patients. Under MACRA, providers are required over time to move to Advance Alternative Payment Models that measure quality and savings and then reimburse providers on those factors based on how they compare on a percentage basis with other providers nationally. Caravan Health has an industry leading track record in establishing successful ACOs that participate in the Medicare Shared Savings Program. CPSI has partnered with Caravan to establish ACOs specific to community providers. CPSI also partners with Caravan to provide services to the ACOs at a reduced rate in return for a percentage share of the savings that are returned to the providers through their successful participation in the Medicare Shared Savings Program. Not only does this represent a potential on-going income stream to CPSI, but it also contributes to the overall financial health of the healthcare providers in the community.
Our Products and Services
Acute Care Software Systems
Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Evident, we offer healthcare information technology solutions specifically designed to cater to the specific needs of community hospital organizations under the software solution platforms Thrive and Centriq.
Thrive
With the formation of Evident in 2015 came the introduction of our EHR solution under the name Thrive, previously sold under the CPSI name, through which we offer a full array of software applications designed to streamline the flow of information to the primary functional areas of community hospitals using one fully integrated system. We intend to continue to enhance our existing software applications and develop new applications as required by evolving industry standards and the changing needs of our clients. Pursuant to our client support agreements, we provide our clients with software enhancements and upgrades periodically on a when-and-if-available basis. See "Support and Maintenance Services." These enhancements enable each client, regardless of its original installation date, to have the benefit of the most advanced Evident products available. Evident's software applications within Thrive:
•provide automated processes that improve clinical workflow and support clinical decision-making;
•allow healthcare providers to efficiently input and easily access the most current patient medical data in order to improve quality of care and patient safety;
•integrate clinical, financial and patient information to promote efficient use of time and resources, while eliminating dependence on paper medical records;
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•provide tools that permit healthcare organizations to analyze past performance, model new plans for the future and measure and monitor the effectiveness of those plans;
•provide for rapid and cost-effective implementation, whether through the installation of an in-house system or through our Software as a Service ("SaaS") services; and
•increase the flow of information by replacing centralized data over which there is limited control with broad-based, secure access by clinical and administrative personnel to data relevant to their functional areas.
Due to the integrated nature of Thrive, our software applications are not marketed as distinct products and our sales force attempts to sell all applications to each client as a single product. New clients must purchase from us the core applications of patient management and financial accounting and all hardware necessary to run these applications. In addition to the core applications, clients may also purchase one or more of our clinical, patient care and enterprise applications. Over two-thirds of our Thrive clients have purchased a combination of applications that meet their enterprise-wide information technology needs.
Our software applications within Thrive are grouped for support purposes according to the following general functional categories described below, including the software applications in each of these categories:
•Patient Management. Our patient management software enables a hospital to identify a patient at any point in the healthcare delivery system and to collect and maintain patient information throughout the entire process of patient care on an enterprise-wide basis. Thrive's single database structure permits authorized hospital personnel to simultaneously access appropriate portions of a patient’s record from any point on the system. Our patient management software applications include: Registration, Patient Accounting, Health Information Management, Patient Index, Enterprise Wide Scheduling, Contract Management, and Quality Improvement.
•Financial Accounting. Our financial accounting software provides a variety of business office applications designed to efficiently track and coordinate information needed for managerial decision-making. Our financial accounting software applications include: Executive Information System, General Ledger, Accounts Payable, Payroll/Personnel, Time and Attendance, Electronic Direct Deposits, Human Resources, Budgeting, Fixed Assets, and Materials Management.
•Clinical. Our clinical software automates record keeping and reporting for many clinical functions including laboratory, radiology, physical therapy, respiratory care and pharmacy. These products eliminate tedious paperwork, calculations and written documentation while allowing for easy retrieval of patient data and statistics. Our clinical software applications include: Laboratory Information Systems, Laboratory Instrument Interfaces, Radiology Information Systems, ImageLink Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), Physical Therapy and Respiratory Care, and Pharmacy.
•Patient Care. Our patient care applications allow hospitals to create computerized "patient files" in place of the traditional paper file systems. This software enables physicians, nurses and other hospital staff to improve the quality of patient care through increased access to patient information, assistance with projected care requirements and feedback regarding patient needs. Our software also addresses current safety initiatives in the healthcare industry such as the transition from written prescriptions and physician orders to computerized physician order entry. Our patient care software applications include: Order Entry/Results Reporting, Point-of-Care System, Patient Acuity, ChartLink®, Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE), Medication Verification, Resident Assessment Instruments, Thrive Provider EHR, Outreach Client Access, Electronic Forms, Physician Documentation, and Emergency Department System.
•Enterprise Applications. We provide software applications that support the products described above and are useful to all areas of the hospital. These applications include: ad hoc reporting, automatic batch and real-time system backups, an integrated fax system, archival data repository, document scanning and Microsoft Office integration, and an Application Portal. The Application Portal allows clients to access our applications remotely via Microsoft Internet Explorer and the Internet without requiring the loading of any additional client software on the accessing PC. User information and data accessed is secured with HIPAA compliant 128 bit cipher strength Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption. Remote access using the Application Portal results in no discernible difference to the user in software functionality.
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Centriq
During 2018, the products and services formerly offered under the Healthland logo, including Centriq and Classic, were brought into the Evident product family. The Centriq platform was brought to market in 2011 and is designed to be an intuitive user interface that is easy for clinicians to use and attractive to both patients and clinicians. Additionally, as a web-based platform, users are able to connect to the system from any device that is connected to the Internet. Ease of use combined with Centriq’s ability to centralize data from various care areas provide the end user with a powerful tool to view past and present patient information with ease. Key Centriq capabilities include:
•Computerized Practitioner Order Entry ("CPOE"). The cornerstone of inpatient EHR systems, CPOE promotes user adoption by including medication interaction alerts, access to relevant laboratory results, duplicate order checking, customizable order sets and protocols, and order templates containing pre-populated screens.
•Clinical Documentation. This system securely enables a patient’s caregivers to view the vital signs, intake-output values, progress notes, and nursing tasks that are entered into the patient’s EHR.
•Emergency Department. This system expedites and simplifies registration, patient tracking, order management, assessments, and other activities in a fast-paced environment.
•Laboratory. This system automates routine tasks such as lab order processing and tracking, enabling the practitioner to focus on the results and ultimately better patient care.
•Radiology. This application delivers faster turnaround times and enhanced communications among caregivers by automatically processing radiology orders, managing and tracking images, and generating reports.
•Pharmacy. This application helps pharmacies manage all aspects of medication verification and dispensing, including order coordination, interaction checks, administration, and charging.
•Financial Accounting. A hospital financial accounting management solution that helps community hospitals gain better insight and perspective on their costs.
•Patient Management. An accounting system to better manage patient information and automate the hospital billing process.
•Ambulatory Software Solutions. Enables clinicians to focus on providing high-quality patient care by streamlining the management of patient data.
Each system or application offers a broad set of features and functionalities that can help clinics reduce costs, increase revenue, and improve administrative and clinical staff efficiency, all while enhancing patient care and safety. CPSI is committed to investing in, developing, and supporting the Centriq platform. Centriq must remain a viable solution for the Centriq clients we serve. Therefore, we have committed to our clients consistent delivery of product and regulatory enhancements, including a fully certified Centriq solution for MU Stage 3, for at least seven years after the acquisition date.
Classic
Classic, which is the legacy platform offered by Healthland, was designed specifically for both community hospitals and post-acute care facilities. In 2013 and 2014, Classic was upgraded to be MU Stage 2 compliant, but it was announced to its clients that Classic would not be made MU Stage 3 compliant.
During 2017, we notified all remaining Classic clients of our intent to sunset the solution effective November 1, 2019, after which time we will no longer provide related software application support. Prior to this announcement, the majority of Classic clients had already completed the migration to another platform.
Post-acute Care Software Systems
CPSI entered into the post-acute care market with the acquisition of AHT in January 2016. AHT, a leading provider of integrated solutions to the post-acute care industry, offers software solutions that promote data-driven clinical and financial outcomes for the customers they serve. AHT's comprehensive, long-term care management solutions include:
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•Care Management. This integrated offering helps manage the delivery of quality care, collect and report on resident information, and manage compliance risk. Core modules include: Work Center, Clinical, Smart Charting Order Administration (Point of Care), Quality Assurance, Therapy Tracking, Supplies Tracking, and Disease State Management.
•Financial and Enterprise Management. This comprehensive set of financial solutions enables customers to improve cash flow and better manage costs. Core modules include: Accounts Payable, General Ledger, Payroll, Financial Management, Trust Funds, and Enterprise Management.
Acute Care Support and Maintenance Services
Evident
After a customer installs Thrive or Centriq, we provide software application support, hardware maintenance, continuing education and related services pursuant to a support agreement using our collaborative support model. The following describes services provided to customers using Thrive and Centriq:
• Total System Support. We believe the quality of continuing customer support is one of the most critical considerations in the selection of an information system provider. We provide hardware, technical and software support for all aspects of our system, which gives us the flexibility to take the necessary course of action to resolve any issue. Unlike our competitors who use third-party services for hardware and software support, we provide a single, convenient and efficient resource for all of our customers’ system support needs. In order to minimize the impact of a system problem, we train our customer service personnel to be technically proficient, courteous and prompt. Because a properly functioning information system is crucial to a hospital’s operations, our support teams are available 24 hours per day to assist customers with any problem that may arise. Customers can also use the Internet to directly access our support system.
• National Client Conference. All of our customers have the opportunity to attend our annual National Client Conference. CPSI hosts this conference to provide our customers educational sessions, product demonstrations, and one-on-one time with application experts. The conference also allows important time for networking among customers and CPSI staff across all business platforms.
• Continuing Education. Effective learning tools are a key factor in successful EHR adoption and allowing clients to get the most out of a software investment. Therefore, ongoing learning and training is a cornerstone to our “total solution” and a key competitive differentiator. Our ongoing learning and training offerings also address some of the unique needs of community hospitals - limited resources and staff with cross-department responsibilities and budget and time constraints - all of which require a customized approach to learning and training. To meet these needs, Evident offers customers with online content that can be accessed at any time, scheduled online interactive classroom presentations, on-campus training at our facilities in Mobile, Alabama and Minneapolis, Minnesota, educational sessions during user group conferences, and scheduled regional training sessions.
• Software Releases. We are committed to providing our customers with software and technology solutions that will continue to meet their information system needs. To accomplish this purpose, we continually work to enhance and improve our application programs. As part of this effort, for each customer covered under our general support agreement, we provide software updates as they become available at no additional cost. We design these enhancements to be seamlessly integrated into each customer’s existing system. The benefit of these enhancements is that each customer, regardless of its original installation date, uses the most advanced software available. Through this process, we can keep our customers up-to-date with the latest operational innovations in the healthcare industry as well as with changing governmental regulatory requirements. Another benefit of this "one system" concept is that our customer service teams can be more effective in responding to customer needs because they maintain a complete understanding of and familiarity with the one system that all customers use.
Purchasing a new information technology system requires the expenditure of a substantial amount of capital and other resources, and many customers are concerned that these systems will become obsolete as technology changes. Our periodic product updates eliminate our customers’ concerns about system obsolescence. We believe providing this benefit is a strong incentive for potential customers to select our products over the products of our competitors.
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• Hardware Replacement. As part of our general support agreements, we are also committed to promptly replacing malfunctioning system hardware in order to minimize the effect of operational interruptions. By offering all hardware used in our system, we believe we are better able to meet and address all of the information technology needs of our customers.
• Cloud Electronic Health Record (Cloud EHR). In some circumstances, we offer Cloud EHR services to customers via remote access telecommunications. Cloud EHR is a "Software as a Service" (or "SaaS") configuration and is in essence a subscription to access and use application software maintained by CPSI in a cloud environment for a monthly fee. Under this configuration, a customer is able to obtain access to an advanced EHR without a significant initial capital outlay. We store and maintain all Cloud EHR customers’ critical patient and administrative data using TruBridge Cloud Computing Services. These customers access this information remotely through direct telecommunications connections.
• Forms and Supplies. In addition to our support services, we offer our customers the standard and customized forms that they need for their patient and financial records, as well as the supplies necessary to support the operation of their server and peripheral equipment. Furnishing these forms and supplies helps us to achieve our objective of being a one-source solution for a hospital’s complete healthcare information system requirements.
Post-acute Care Support and Maintenance Services
AHT’s comprehensive and integrated solution set is backed by ongoing training and support by AHT to ensure that clients can maximize their software investment. This is demonstrated by:
•Experienced and Dedicated Support Representatives. Seasoned experts assigned to each client site that not only understand the challenges in the post-acute care industry, but know how to best address them. This includes proactive education on the key regulatory changes and requirements before they impact business operations.
•Client Portal and Training. Instant, on-line access to the most up-to-date industry information impacting long-term care, plus a vast array of product training opportunities.
•Client Enhancement Council. Access to a community of peers along with a robust set of resources and knowledge to help clients get the most out of their AHT investment.
•Annual Client Symposium. An opportunity for clients to share best practices, gain industry insight on key topics impacting post-acute care providers, network with peers, and learn more about current and future AHT product and service offerings.
TruBridge
We offer complementary services through TruBridge, our wholly-owned subsidiary, which can be grouped into the following categories:
•Revenue Cycle Management Products. TruBridge RCM solutions empower providers and caregivers in hospitals, healthcare systems and skilled nursing organizations to accelerate their revenue cycle through a suite of comprehensive, web-based solutions designed to improve financial operations and staff productivity and increase reimbursement. Our RCM products include the following offerings:
◦Patient Liability Estimates. Improve patient satisfaction, maximize point-of-service collections, and equip staff with the ability to provide transparent pricing with the Patient Liability Estimate ("PLE") module.
◦Eligibility Verification. Reduce claim denials and carrier rejections by performing on-demand eligibility look-ups, assuring the care provided is covered.
◦Claim Scrubbing and Submission. A powerful claim management solution for submitting, validating, and processing a healthcare facility’s claims with ease and with a high quality of edits.
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◦Remittance Management. Remittance advice can be effortlessly gathered and managed with the Electronic Remittance Advice ("ERA") Retrieval and Remittance Management modules, simplifying workflow and involvement.
◦Denial/Audit Management. Equips healthcare facilities with the tools necessary to combat denied and audited claims, assisting organizations in recovering lost revenue.
◦Contract Management. Allows healthcare facilities to take control over complex healthcare contracts by prospectively pricing every claim submitted to payers, retrospectively pricing every remittance to ensure proper payment was received, and modeling proposed contract terms during payer negotiations.
•Revenue Cycle Management Services. Our RCM services span a healthcare enterprise’s revenue cycle and provide clients with a strong alternative to in-house operations. These services leverage our deep service and technology experience and are designed to allow clients to streamline their administrative staffing while improving operational efficiencies. Our RCM services include the following service offerings: Accounts Receivable Management, Private Pay Service, Medical Coding, Revenue Cycle Consulting, and other additional Insurance and Patient Billing Services.
•Consulting and Business Management Services. Our consulting and business management services are designed to help healthcare organizations by assessing their needs, setting goals, and creating an action plan to achieve those goals, and, if needed, implementing the action plan. Many of our professional consultants possess decades of experience and all are skilled in adopting new technologies, redesigning processes, educating staff, and providing interim or on-going management services. Our consulting and business management services include the following service offerings: Consulting, Business Intelligence, Staffing, and Administrative.
•Managed IT Services. Our managed IT services provide a range of services designed to meet the IT needs of community healthcare enterprises. The pace of technological change can be overwhelming. Our services allow clients to affordably maintain an advanced IT infrastructure, meet regulatory requirements, and reduce risk. Our managed IT services include the following service offerings: Cloud Services, Backup and Recovery, Collaboration and Connectivity, Security Services, Systems Management, and Help Desk.
For additional details on our products, service, and support offerings, visit www.evident.com (Evident), www.healthtech.net (AHT), and www.trubridge.com (TruBridge).
For the results of operations by segment, refer to Note 17 of the consolidated financial statements included herein.
Product Development and Enhancement
The healthcare information technology industry is characterized by rapid technological change requiring us to continually make investments to update, enhance and improve our products and services. These investments have resulted in total expenditures related to our Product Development Services division of approximately $36.4 million, $33.7 million, and $29.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
In 2018, our continued focus on delivering shared solutions to the acute and post-acute care markets through a suite of services integrated with our core platforms resulted in deliveries of shared product updates in areas such as:
• Clinical Quality Measure Reporting
• CommonWell Patient and Person Management
• MyCPSI – Client Support System
• Business Intelligence
• Notes
We also delivered platform specific updates including:
• Evident Thrive EHR
◦ Platform and infrastructure updates
◦ Ongoing localization activities for the non-U.S. markets
◦ Ongoing, focused effort on improving physician usability and workflow across the ambulatory, emergency department and inpatient care settings
◦ Added support for health care surveys
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◦ Improved scheduling capabilities
◦ Workflows related to antibiotic stewardship
◦ Improved report builder and scheduler capabilities
◦ Added support for new medication capabilities provided through integration with SureScripts:
▪ Medication adherence
▪ Medication history
▪ Electronic prior authorization
• Evident Centriq EHR
◦ Added support for the CommonWell network
◦ Updates to core infrastructure dependencies and additional updates necessary to improve system performance
◦ Improvements to workflows related to provider use cases, health maintenance, and patient communications
◦ Additional support for health information exchange
◦ Additional support for state prescription drug monitoring programs
◦ Additional modules from the ONC CEHRT capabilities list related to reporting to specialized registries focused on:
▪ Antimicrobial use and resistance
▪ Electronic case reports for public health
▪ Cancer case reports
• AHT
◦ Software feature additions which enhanced the following:
▪ Stabilization of AHT 17
▪ New user experience
▪ Communication Center – providing communication capabilities spanning multiple formats such as instant messaging and secure texting
▪ Referral and documentation exchange workflows, including clinical document architecture, fax and scanned document support
▪ Inbound radiology and laboratory order result workflows
▪ Updated reporting capabilities including ETL processes to support the CPSI Business Intelligence offering
▪ Updates to the MDS requirements
▪ Insurance plan enhancements
▪ Value-based purchasing
▪ Bar code medication administration
• TruBridge RCM
◦ Updated insurance claim editor to modern web presentation technologies
◦ Updated insurance claim workflows to add prioritization capabilities
◦ Added support for electronic Medicare appeals submissions
◦ Workflow improvements in regards to posting of electronic remittance advice
◦ Continued updates to provide deeper integrations with CPSI EHR systems
◦ Update to Patient Liability Estimator to increase estimate accuracy
◦ Added and improved EDI connectivity to reduce costs and provide better information to customers on submitted claims
◦ Made necessary changes to support migration to the TruBridge Cloud environment to reduce costs and improve management of both performance and availability
Product Management
Early in 2019, we began to apply new product management principles throughout our organization to better utilize our valuable resources and maximize value creation and innovation. We formally announced our product management team in November 2018. This team is responsible for launching products, providing industry insight and identifying emerging segments within our target markets. By focusing on the right workflows, aligning the appropriate stakeholders and establishing clear roles and responsibilities, CPSI can make better product decisions faster. The key tenets of product management are being the best stewards of our resources and enabling growth.
By working with the various internal stakeholders (product development, marketing, sales and support), as well as external stakeholders (customers, industry subject matter experts), the product management team takes new product and service
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ideas and creates a business case for each of the initiatives. We have created a Provider Council, Nursing Council and CFO Council to assist with these efforts as well.
The goals of the product management team are to understand our customers and identify the value of various ideas, by considering customer retention and satisfaction, support and training impact and revenue potential. The initiatives become part of our initiative portfolio and are evaluated against each other. We use this view of the portfolio to manage risks within the portfolio and allow us to create the most value for each investment we make. We are experiencing successes with this approach, as evidenced by increased product innovation and related momentum.
System Implementation and Training
Conversion Services. When a client purchases or leases one of our systems, we convert their existing data to the new system. Our knowledge of hospital data processing, in conjunction with extensive in-house technical expertise, allows us to accomplish this task in a cost effective manner. When we install a new system, the data conversion has already occurred so that the system is immediately operational. Our goal is for each client to be productive day one in order to eliminate time and money wasted on the costly and inefficient task of maintaining the same data on parallel systems. Our services also relieve the hospital staff of the time-consuming burden of data conversion. The conversion process is the initial phase of our LikeMind client experience.
Training. In order to integrate the new system and to ensure its success, we spend approximately sixteen weeks providing individualized training at each client’s facility prior to the go-live date. We provide hardware and software application training for all hospital users, including staff members and healthcare providers, during all hospital shifts. We employ nurses, medical technicians, and providers along with our technical training staff in order to help us communicate more effectively with our clients during the training process. This training phase is also part of the LikeMind client experience that is provided to all of our clients.
Clients, Sales and Marketing
Target Markets. The target market for our acute care EHR systems consists of community hospitals with fewer than 200 acute care beds, with a primary focus on hospitals with fewer than 100 acute care beds. In the United States, there are approximately 3,900 community hospitals with fewer than 200 acute care beds, with approximately 2,900 of these having fewer than 100 acute care beds. In addition, we market our products to small specialty hospitals in the United States that focus on discrete medical areas such as behavioral health, surgery, rehabilitation and long-term acute care. As of the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our companies currently support approximately 1,000 acute care facilities across the United States. Approximately 98% of our existing acute care clients are hospitals with fewer than 100 acute care beds, while approximately 99% of our existing acute care clients are hospitals with fewer than 200 acute care beds.
The target market for our post-acute care EHR solution consists of over 15,000 long-term care and skilled nursing facilities in the United States. In addition, through a strategic relationship with Medtelligent, we are able to market an EHR for assisted living facilities creating add-on sales opportunities in our direct client base and new sales opportunities across the broader senior living market. As of the date of this filing, we have our post-acute care EHR solution installed in approximately 3,300 facilities across the United States.
The expanded target market for our TruBridge services consists of small to mid-size hospitals in the United States. There are approximately 5,000 of these hospitals with fewer than 500 beds. As of the date of this filing, there are over 200 healthcare providers who use our accounts receivable management or private pay services, approximately 550 providers who use our managed IT services, and approximately 600 providers who use our RCM solutions. In addition, we are now marketing our services to post-acute care facilities, of which there are over 15,000 in the United States.
In the acute care provider market, we are now actively marketing our EHR system in Canada. We have established business relationships with key Canadian technology providers which we believe will be a significant factor in penetrating the Canadian market. We have concluded our evaluation of the unique requirements of the Canadian healthcare system and are actively working on incorporating the necessary changes into our Thrive acute care EHR product. Domestically, we are actively selling our ambulatory EHR system on a stand-alone basis, with a focus on physician practices located in the same communities as our client hospitals. We believe this would include a significant number of unique physician practices.
Our goals in the inpatient hospital market are threefold: (1) target those hospitals under 100 beds in the United States that we believe are currently using a vendor that we have determined is vulnerable based on a variety of factors, (2) continue our efforts to expand into the Canadian market through active marketing efforts and establishing business relationships with Canadian information technology providers, and (3) selectively target hospitals in the 100 to 200 bed market that we believe
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offer a reasonable chance of sales success based on size, location and other factors. Our goal in the ambulatory market is to aggressively target physician practices in those communities where the local hospital is a current CPSI client.
Our goal in the post-acute care market is to continue to target both individual facilities as well as larger multi-facility corporate entities. In addition, we intend to extend our penetration into the post-acute care market by offering an assisted living facility EHR solution that we believe will broaden the appeal of our solutions to those operators who offer multiple care settings in their organizations.
The following table presents our revenues generated from clients located within the U.S. ("Domestic") and all foreign countries, in total ("International").
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||
| Sales revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| Domestic | $ | 280,182 | $ | 276,510 | $ | 267,081 | |||||||||||
International(1) | 229 | 417 | 191 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 280,411 | $ | 276,927 | $ | 267,272 | ||||||||||||
(1) International sales revenues for all periods presented are related to a single foreign country, the Caribbean nation of St. Maarten. | |||||||||||||||||
Sales Staff. We have dedicated sales organizations in all three business lines: acute care EHR, post-acute care EHR and business management, consulting and managed IT services. Many of our sales personnel are hired from within the Company and have previous experience in client support roles. We believe this experience positions them to more effectively sell our products and services within our target markets. Our sales organizations are generally divided into four areas; sales management, new client sales, existing client sales and sales support staff. New client sales staff are typically organized based on geographic territories, though we also have sales personnel that focus on national accounts in our post-acute EHR business due to the number of national chain operators in that market. Our sales representatives who sell to existing clients have assigned clients within their territory, which is also geographically based. Some sales representatives in our services areas are assigned specifically to cross-sell services into our acute care EHR and post-acute care EHR client bases. A significant portion of the compensation for all sales personnel except for administrative support staff is commission based.
Marketing Strategy. Our corporate marketing strategy positions CPSI as a healthcare solutions company serving community healthcare organizations through our family of healthcare information technology ("HCIT") companies. Our EHR software and services address providers across the care continuum, with a primary focus on the community healthcare market. We believe our ability to serve ambulatory, acute and post-acute care settings with our products will be especially appealing as new reimbursement models force the coordination of care by healthcare providers. Our ability to connect patients to care providers within their community and across communities through our own products and interoperability development, including our membership in the CommonWell Health Alliance, sets us apart from other competitors in our market. We also believe as the EHR market in the acute care environment transitions from implementation to optimization that our data analytics solutions will be a key differentiator for our EHR solutions. Our goal is to position ourselves as partners to community healthcare providers as they move to a more proactive care model based on the use of data analytics and patient engagement tools.
With regard to business management, consulting and managed IT services, we will continue to leverage our proven track record of success in accounts receivable management and private pay collections for community healthcare providers. With the increasing complexity of reimbursement requirements and a global shift in healthcare towards an increase in patient financial responsibility, the ability of our services business to bring expertise and best practice operational efficiencies to bear is a significant competitive advantage. In consulting services, the added complexity brought about by the transition to the ICD-10 code set has created a significant demand for our coding services. Our strategy is to leverage any services engagement, whether business, IT or consulting, into opportunities to cross-sell other services to the client.
Backlog
Backlog consists of revenues we reasonably expect to recognize over the next twelve months under existing contracts. The revenues to be recognized may relate to a combination of one-time fees for system sales and recurring fees for support and maintenance, and TruBridge. As of December 31, 2018, we had a twelve-month backlog of approximately $21 million in connection with non-recurring system purchases (excluding approximately $8 million of contracted backlog for which fulfillment is not reasonably expected within the next twelve months) and approximately $228 million in connection with
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recurring payments under support and maintenance, and TruBridge. As of December 31, 2017, we had a twelve-month backlog of approximately $31 million in connection with non-recurring system purchases and approximately $223 million in connection with recurring payments under support and maintenance, and TruBridge.
Competition
The market for our products and services is competitive, and we expect additional competition from established and emerging companies in the future. Our market is characterized by rapidly changing technology, global shifts in the healthcare system, evolving user needs and impactful regulatory and reimbursement changes. We believe the principal competitive factors that hospitals and post-acute care providers consider when choosing between us and our competitors are:
•product features, functionality and performance;
•range of services offered;
•level of client service and satisfaction;
•ease of integration and speed of implementation;
•product price;
•cost of services offered;
•results of services engagements;
•knowledge of the healthcare industry;
•training provided;
•sales and marketing efforts; and
•company reputation.
We believe that we compete favorably with our competitors on these factors. Our principal competitors in the acute care EHR market are Cerner Corporation, athenahealth, Inc., Medical Information Technology, Inc. ("Meditech"), and MEDHOST, Inc. These companies compete with us directly in our target market of small and midsize hospitals. They offer products and systems that are comparable to our system and address the needs of hospitals in the markets we serve.
Our secondary competitors in the acute care EHR market include Change Healthcare Holdings, Inc., Allscripts Healthcare Solutions, Inc., and Epic Systems Corporation. These companies are significantly larger than we are, and they typically sell their products and services to larger hospitals outside of our target market. However, they will sometimes compete with us directly or, more commonly, a larger health system who uses a system from one of these companies will offer it to a smaller hospital as part of a merger or alliance.
We also face competition from providers of practice management systems, general decision support and database systems and other segment-specific applications. Any of these companies as well as other technology or healthcare companies could decide at any time to specifically target hospitals within our target market.
Our principal competitors in the post-acute care EHR market are PointClickCare Corporation, MatrixCare, Inc., and Netsmart Technologies. These companies compete with us directly in our target market of long-term post-acute care facilities. They offer products and systems that are comparable to our system and address the needs of long-term care providers.
Our principal competitors in the business management, consulting and managed IT services market are Healthcare Resource Group, Inc., Resolution Health, Inc., The Outsource Group Inc., Patient Focus, Inc., Xtend Healthcare Inc., Ensemble Health Partners, and nThrive, Inc. All of these companies provide one or more of the services we offer, with their primary focus being on business management services. The services they offer are comparable in scope to the competing services we offer. These companies all focus on providing services to the healthcare market. Secondary competitors include ARx LLC, Citadel Outsource Group LLC, Patient Matters, LLC, KIWI-TEK, LLC, and Aviacode Inc. Our principle competitors for RCM solutions include RelayHealth Corp, SSI Group, LLC, Quadax Inc., Change Healthcare Holdings, Inc., Availity, LLC, and Navicure, Inc.
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Actual or perceived security breaches of our systems could harm the market perception of our products and services which could impact our retention of existing clients and ability to acquire prospective clients.
Health Information Security and Privacy Practices
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ("HIPAA") is a federal law governing the use, disclosure, transmission and storage of certain individually identifiable health information, referred to as "protected health information," and that was enacted for the purpose of, among other things, protecting the privacy and security of protected health information. As directed by HIPAA, the Department of Health and Human Services (the "DHHS") has promulgated standards and rules for certain electronic health transactions, code sets, data security, unique identification numbers and privacy of protected health information. HIPAA and the standards promulgated by DHHS apply to certain health plans, healthcare clearinghouses and healthcare providers (referred to as "covered entities"), which includes our hospital clients. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act and its implementing regulations published in January 2013 (the "HITECH Act") significantly expand HIPAA by extending privacy and security standards to "business associates" of healthcare providers that are covered entities. Under the HITECH Act, business associates are required to establish administrative, physical and technical safeguards and are subject to direct penalties for violations. Certain of our services frequently entail us acting as a healthcare clearinghouse and/or in the capacity of a business associate to the hospitals that we serve. As a result, we are covered by the patient privacy and security standards of HIPAA and subject to oversight by DHHS. We believe that we have taken all necessary steps to comply with HIPAA, as it applies to us as a business associate, but it is important to note that DHHS could, at any time in the future, adopt new rules or modify existing rules in a manner that could require us to change our systems or operations.
Protecting individually identifiable health information and other sensitive data is a critical and essential function of CPSI’s software solutions. A variety of industry-standard approaches that meet or exceed regulatory requirements such as HIPAA and HITECH are employed. In order to avoid unauthorized access for the life span of this data, diverse methods of identification, authentication, authorization and encryption are utilized at various points throughout the operating system, application software and hardware. These methods and processes are shared amongst servers and other end-user devices and are complemented by change management processes and tools, which allow the software change control cycle to be a formal, defined process.
Managing Cybersecurity Risks
Our business operations, including the provision of the products and services described above, involve the compilation and transmission of confidential information, including patient health information. We have included security features in our systems that are intended to protect the privacy and integrity of this information, but our systems may be vulnerable to security breaches, viruses, programming errors and other similar disruptive problems.
The Board of Directors is responsible for exercising oversight of management’s identification and management of, and planning for, the material risks facing the Company, and we believe our policies and procedures are adequate to ensure that relevant information about cybersecurity risks and incidents is appropriately reported and disclosed. In connection with its oversight responsibility with respect to cybersecurity risks facing the Company, the Board authorized in 2017 the formation of a Cybersecurity Committee comprised of the Executive Vice President of CPSI, the Chief Technology Officer, the Senior Vice President of IT Services, and the Senior Vice President of Professional Services of TruBridge, LLC. The Cybersecurity Committee meets quarterly to discuss the primary cybersecurity-related risks currently facing the Company, and the Committee reports to the Company’s Chief Operating Officer and President of TruBridge, LLC, who in turn provides updates to the Board.
Additionally, we appointed a new Security Operations Center (SOC) Director to oversee a number of initiatives designed to improve our cybersecurity protection, readiness and response. The SOC Director oversees penetration testing for TruBridge customers, vulnerability scanning by CPSI and TruBridge, endpoint threat detection and response development, insider threat detection and monitoring, security event application management and other cybersecurity-related projects. The Company also consulted with third parties in 2017 and 2018 to conduct an evaluation of our cybersecurity risks. Finally, all users employed by or contracted to the Company are required to complete annual cybersecurity education and training, which includes identifying suspicious emails, Internet threats, telecommunication threats and ransomware.
Intellectual Property
We regard some aspects of our internal operations, software and documentation as proprietary, and rely primarily on a combination of contract and trade secret laws to protect our proprietary information. We believe, because of the rapid pace of technological change in the computer software industry, trade secret and copyright protection is less significant than factors
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such as the knowledge, ability and experience of our employees, frequent software product enhancements and the timeliness and quality of our support services. The source code for our proprietary software is protected as a trade secret. We enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants and clients, and control access to and distribution of our software, documentation and other proprietary information. We cannot guarantee that these protections will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technology.
We do not believe our software products or other CPSI proprietary rights infringe on the property rights of third parties. However, we cannot guarantee that third parties will not assert infringement claims against us with respect to current or future software products or that any such assertion may not require us to enter into royalty arrangements or result in costly litigation.
Employees
As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately 2,000 employees, the substantial majority of which are located at our offices in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement or are represented by a labor union.
Executive Officers
The executive officers of CPSI serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. Set forth below is a list of the current executive officers of CPSI and a brief explanation of each individual’s principal employment during the last five years.
J. Boyd Douglas – President and Chief Executive Officer. J. Boyd Douglas, age 52, has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since May 2006. He was first elected as a director in March 2002. Mr. Douglas began his career with us in August 1988 as a Financial Software Support Representative. From May 1990 until November 1994, Mr. Douglas served as Manager of Electronic Billing, and from December 1994 until July 1999, he held the position of Director of Programming Services. From July 1999 until May 2006, Mr. Douglas served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer.
David A. Dye – Chief Growth Officer. David A. Dye, age 49, was appointed as our Chief Growth Officer in November 2015, having previously served as our Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer from June 2010 until November 2015. Mr. Dye served as our President and Chief Executive Officer from July 1999 to May 2006. He was first elected as a director in March 2002 and has served as our Chairman of the Board since May 2006. Mr. Dye began his career with CPSI in May 1990 as a Financial Software Support Representative and served in various capacities until July 1999. Mr. Dye has served as a director of Bulow Biotech Prosthetics, LLC, a company headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee that operates prosthetic clinics in the Southeastern United States, since July 2006.
Christopher L. Fowler – Chief Operating Officer and President (TruBridge). Christopher L. Fowler, age 43, was appointed as our Chief Operating Officer in November 2015 and has served as the President of TruBridge since its formation in January 2013. Prior to the formation of TruBridge, Mr. Fowler served as CPSI’s Vice President - Business Management Services, beginning in March 2008. Mr. Fowler began his career with CPSI in May 2000 as a Software Support Representative and later as a manager of Financial Software Services. From August 2004 until March 2008, Mr. Fowler served as Assistant Director and Director of Business Management Services.
Matt J. Chambless – Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer. Matt J. Chambless, age 38, was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer in November 2015, having previously served as our Director of Financial Reporting from March 2012 until November 2015. Prior to joining CPSI, Mr. Chambless served as the Accounting Manager for Northside Hospital System from May 2011 until March 2012 and as an audit professional, including an Audit Manager, for Grant Thornton, LLP from August 2004 to May 2011.
Victor S. Schneider – Executive Vice President. Victor S. Schneider, age 60, has served as our Executive Vice President since April 2012. From December 2005 until his appointment as Executive Vice President, Mr. Schneider served as our Senior Vice President - Corporate and Business Development. Mr. Schneider began his career with us in June 1983 as Sales Manager. He served in that capacity until January 1997 when he was promoted to Sales Director. He served as our Vice President - Sales and Marketing from July 1999 until December 2005.
Robert D. Hinckle – Senior Vice President–Client Services. Robert D. Hinckle, age 49, served as our Vice President - Software Services from October 2004 until January 2013 and has served as our Senior Vice President - Client Services since January 2013. Since beginning his career with CPSI in 1995 as a Financial Software Support Representative, Mr. Hinckle has worked in various positions in our Software Services Division, including Team Manager, Assistant Director and Director of that division.
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Troy D. Rosser – Senior Vice President–Sales. Troy D. Rosser, age 54, has served as our Senior Vice President - Sales since January 2012, having previously served as Vice President - Sales since October 2005. Mr. Rosser began his career with us in March 1989 as a Financial Software Support Representative. In 1992, Mr. Rosser was transferred to the Sales and Marketing division where he has worked in various positions, including Sales Manager and, from October 2000 until October 2005, Director of Sales.
Company Web Site
The Company maintains a web site at http://www.cpsi.com. The Company makes available on its web site, free of charge, its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports, as soon as it is reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company is not including the information contained on or available through its web site as a part of, or incorporating such information into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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| ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS | ||||
These are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Our business, financial condition, operating results, and stock price can be materially and adversely affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including, but not limited to, those described below. Any one or more of such factors could directly or indirectly cause our actual financial condition and operating results to vary materially from our past or anticipated future financial condition or operating results.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY
There is significant uncertainty in the healthcare industry, both as a result of recently enacted legislation and changing government regulation, which may have a material adverse impact on the businesses of our hospital clients and ultimately on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The healthcare industry is subject to changing political, economic and regulatory influences that may affect the procurement processes and operation of healthcare facilities, including our hospital clients. During the past several years, the healthcare industry has been subject to increased legislation and regulation of, among other things, reimbursement rates, payment programs, information technology programs and certain capital expenditures (collectively, the "Health Reform Laws").
The Health Reform Laws contain various provisions which impact us and our clients. Some of these provisions have a positive impact, by expanding the use of electronic health records in certain federal programs, for example, while others, such as reductions in reimbursement for certain types of providers, have a negative impact due to fewer available resources. The continued increase in fraud and abuse penalties is expected to adversely affect participants in the healthcare sector, including us.
Among other things, the Health Reform Laws require nearly all individuals to have health insurance, provide for the expansion of Medicaid eligibility, mandate material changes to the delivery of healthcare services and reduce the reimbursement paid for such services in order to generate savings in the Medicare program. The Health Reform Laws also modify certain payment systems to encourage more cost-effective, quality-based care and a reduction of inefficiencies and waste, including through various tools to address fraud and abuse.
The Health Reform Laws will continue to affect hospitals differently depending upon the populations they serve and their payor mix. Our target market of community hospitals typically serve higher uninsured populations than larger urban hospitals and rely more heavily on Medicare and Medicaid for reimbursement. It remains to be seen whether the increase in the insured population for community hospitals will be sufficient to offset actual and proposed additional cuts in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements contained in the Health Reform Laws.
The Health Reform Laws are leading to significant changes in the healthcare system, but the full impact of the legislation and of further statutory and regulatory actions to reform healthcare on our business is unknown. As a result, there can be no assurances that the legislation will not adversely impact either our operational results or the manner in which we operate our business. We believe some healthcare industry participants have reduced their investments or postponed investment decisions, including investments in our solutions and services.
Since January 2017, the actions taken by the Trump administration to delay, cancel and amend the healthcare regulations and initiatives implemented by the prior administration have created tremendous uncertainty surrounding the continued implementation of the Health Reform Laws and other healthcare legislation. The legislative efforts taken by the 115th Congress in 2017 to repeal and amend major provisions of the Health Reform Laws added to this uncertainty. Healthcare providers may react to these proposals, and the uncertainty surrounding such proposals, by curtailing or deferring investments, including those for our systems and related services.
Various legislators have announced that they intend to examine further proposals to reform certain aspects of the U.S. healthcare system. Healthcare providers may react to these proposals, and the uncertainty surrounding such proposals, by curtailing or deferring investments, including those for our systems and related services. Cost-containment measures instituted by healthcare providers as a result of regulatory reform or otherwise could result in a reduction in the allocation of capital funds. Such a reduction could have an adverse effect on our ability to sell our systems and related services. On the other hand, changes in the regulatory environment have increased and may continue to increase the needs of healthcare organizations for cost-effective data management and thereby enhance the overall market for healthcare management information systems. We cannot predict what effect, if any, such additional proposals or healthcare reforms might have on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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As existing regulations mature and become better defined, we anticipate that these regulations will continue to directly affect certain of our products and services, but we cannot fully predict the effect at this time. We have taken steps to modify our products, services and internal practices as necessary to facilitate our compliance with the regulations, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so in a timely or complete manner. Achieving compliance with these regulations could be costly and distract management’s attention and divert other company resources, and any noncompliance by us could result in civil and criminal penalties.
The healthcare industry is heavily regulated at the local, state and federal levels. Our failure to comply with regulatory requirements could create liability for us, result in adverse publicity and negatively affect our business.
The healthcare industry is heavily regulated and is constantly evolving due to the changing political, legislative and regulatory landscapes. In some instances, the impact of these regulations on our business is direct to the extent that we are subject to these laws and regulations ourselves. However, these regulations also impact our business indirectly as, in a number of circumstances, our solutions, devices and services must be capable of being used by our clients in a way that complies with those laws and regulations, even though we may not be directly regulated by the specific healthcare laws and regulations. There is a significant number of wide-ranging regulations, including regulations in the areas of healthcare fraud, e-prescribing, claims processing and transmission, medical devices, the security and privacy of patient data, the ARRA meaningful use program, and interoperability standards, that may be directly or indirectly applicable to our operations and relationships or the business practices of our clients. Specific areas that are subject to increased regulation include, but are not limited to, the following:
Healthcare Fraud. Federal and state governments continue to enhance regulation of and increase their scrutiny over practices potentially involving healthcare fraud, waste and abuse by healthcare providers whose services are reimbursed by Medicare, Medicaid and other government healthcare programs. Our healthcare provider clients are subject to laws and regulations regarding fraud and abuse that, among other things, prohibit the direct or indirect payment or receipt of any remuneration for patient referrals, or arranging for or recommending referrals or other business paid for in whole or in part by these federal or state healthcare programs. Federal enforcement personnel have substantial funding, powers and remedies to pursue suspected or perceived fraud and abuse. The effect of this government regulation on our clients is difficult to predict. Many of the regulations applicable to our clients and that may be applicable to us, including those relating to marketing incentives offered in connection with medical device sales may be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that could broaden their applicability to us or require our clients to make changes in their operations or the way in which they deal with us. If such laws and regulations are determined to be applicable to us and if we fail to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties, sanctions or other liabilities, including exclusion from government healthcare programs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Even an unsuccessful challenge by a regulatory or prosecutorial authority of our activities could result in adverse publicity, could require a costly response from us and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
E-Prescribing. The use of our solutions by physicians for electronic prescribing and electronic routing of prescriptions via the Surescripts network to pharmacies is governed by federal and state laws. States have differing regulations that govern the electronic transmission of certain prescriptions and prescription requirements. Standards adopted by the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs and regulations adopted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS") related to "EPrescribing and the Prescription Drug Program" set forth implementation standards for the transmission of electronic prescriptions. These standards are detailed and broad, and cover not only routing transactions between prescribers and pharmacies, but also electronic eligibility, formulary and benefits inquiries. In general, regulations in this area can be burdensome and evolve regularly, meaning that any potential benefits to our clients from utilizing such solutions and services may be superseded by a newly-promulgated regulation that adversely affects our business model. Our efforts to provide solutions that enable our clients to comply with these regulations could be time consuming and expensive.
Claims Processing and Transmission. Our system electronically transmits medical claims by physicians to patients’ payors for immediate approval and reimbursement. In addition, we offer business management services that include the manual and electronic processing and submission of medical claims by healthcare providers to patients’ payors for approval and reimbursement. Federal and state laws provide that it is a violation for any person to submit, or cause to be submitted, a claim to any payor, including, without limitation, Medicare, Medicaid and all private health plans and managed care plans, seeking payment for any service or product that overbills or bills for items that have not been provided to the patient. We have in place policies and procedures that we believe assure that all claims that are transmitted by our system and through our services are accurate and complete, provided that the information given to us by our clients is also accurate and complete. If, however, we do not follow those procedures and policies, or they are not sufficient to prevent inaccurate claims from being submitted, we could be subject to substantial liability including, but not limited to, civil and criminal liability. Additionally, any such failure of
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our billing and collection services to comply with these laws and regulations could adversely affect demand for our services and could force us to expend significant capital, research and development, and other resources to address the failure.
In most cases where we are permitted to do so, we calculate charges for our billing and collection services based on a percentage of the collections that our clients receive as a result of our services. To the extent that violations or liability for violations of these laws and regulations require intent, it may be alleged that this percentage calculation provides us or our employees with incentive to commit or overlook fraud or abuse in connection with submission and payment of reimbursement claims. CMS has stated that it is concerned that percentage-based billing services may encourage billing companies to commit or to overlook fraudulent or abusive practices.
A portion of our business involves billing Medicare claims on behalf of our clients. In an effort to combat fraudulent Medicare claims, the federal government offers rewards for reporting of Medicare fraud which could encourage others to subject us to a charge of fraudulent claims, including charges that are ultimately proved to be without merit.
As discussed below, the HIPAA security and privacy standards also affect our claims transmission services, since those services must be structured and provided in a way that supports our clients’ HIPAA compliance obligations.
Regulation of Medical Devices. The United States Food and Drug Administration (the "FDA") has determined that certain of our solutions, such as our ImageLink® product, are medical devices that are actively regulated under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended. If other of our solutions are deemed to be actively regulated medical devices by the FDA, we could be subject to extensive requirements governing pre- and post-marketing activities including registration of the applicable manufacturing facility and software and hardware products, application of detailed record-keeping and manufacturing standards, application of the medical device excise tax, and FDA approval or clearance prior to marketing. Complying with these medical device regulations is time consuming and expensive, and our marketing and other sales activities could be subject to unanticipated and significant delays. Further, it is possible that the FDA may become more active in regulating software and medical devices that are used in the healthcare industry. If we are unable to obtain the required regulatory approvals for any such software or medical devices, our short- to long-term business plans for these solutions or medical devices could be delayed or canceled and we could face FDA refusal to grant pre-market clearance or approval of products; withdrawal of existing clearances and approvals; fines, injunctions or civil penalties; recalls or product corrections; production suspensions; and criminal prosecution. FDA regulation of our products could increase our operating costs, delay or prevent the marketing of new or existing products, and adversely affect our revenue growth.
Security and Privacy of Patient Information. Federal, state and local laws regulate the privacy and security of patient records and the circumstances under which those records may be released. These regulations govern both the disclosure and use of confidential patient medical record information and require the users of such information to implement specified security and privacy measures. United States regulations currently in place governing electronic health data transmissions continue to evolve and are often unclear and difficult to apply.
In the United States, HIPAA regulations require national standards for some types of electronic health information transactions and the data elements used in those transactions, security standards to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of health information, and standards to protect the privacy of individually identifiable health information. Covered entities under HIPAA, which include healthcare organizations such as our clients, and our claims processing, transmission and submission services, are required to comply with the privacy standards, transaction regulations and security regulations. Moreover, HITECH and associated regulatory requirements extend many of the HIPAA obligations, formerly imposed only upon covered entities, to business associates as well. As a business associate of our clients who are covered entities, we are in most instances already contractually required to ensure compliance with the HIPAA regulations as they pertain to the handling of covered client data. However, the extension of these HIPAA obligations to business associates by law has created a direct liability risk related to the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information.
Evolving HIPAA and HITECH-related laws or regulations could restrict the ability of our clients to obtain, use or disseminate patient information. This could adversely affect demand for our solutions and devices if they are not re-designed in a timely manner in order to meet the requirements of any new interpretations or regulations that seek to protect the privacy and security of patient data or enable our clients to execute new or modified healthcare transactions. We may need to expend additional capital and software development and other resources to modify our solutions to address these evolving data security and privacy issues. Furthermore, our failure to maintain the confidentiality of sensitive personal information in accordance with the applicable regulatory requirements could damage our reputation and expose us to claims, fines and penalties.
Federal and state statutes and regulations have granted broad enforcement powers to regulatory agencies to investigate and enforce compliance with these privacy and security laws and regulations. Federal and state enforcement personnel have
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substantial funding, powers and remedies to pursue suspected or perceived violations. If we fail to comply with any applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to civil penalties, sanctions or other liability. Enforcement investigations, even if meritless, could have a negative impact on our reputation, cause us to lose existing clients or limit our ability to attract new clients.
ARRA Meaningful Use Program. The ARRA initially required "meaningful use of certified electronic health record technology" by healthcare providers by 2015 in order to receive limited incentive payments and to avoid related reduced reimbursement rates for Medicare claims. Related standards and specifications are subject to interpretation by the entities designated to certify such technology. While a combination of our solutions has been certified as meeting stage one, stage two, and stage three standards for certified electronic health record technology, the regulatory standards to achieve certification will continue to evolve over time. We may incur increased development costs and delays in delivering solutions if we need to upgrade our software or healthcare devices to be in compliance with these varying and evolving standards. In addition, further delays in interpreting these standards may result in postponement or cancellation of our clients’ decisions to purchase our software solutions. If our software solutions are not compliant with these evolving standards, our market position and sales could be impaired and we may have to invest significantly in changes to our software solutions.
Interoperability Standards. Our clients are concerned with and often require that our software and systems be interoperable with other third party healthcare information technology systems. Market forces or governmental or regulatory authorities could create software interoperability standards that would apply to our software and systems, and if our software and systems are not consistent with those standards, we could be forced to incur substantial additional development costs. For example, the HITECH Act contains interoperability standards that healthcare providers are required to adhere to in order to receive stimulus funds from the federal government under the ARRA. Compliance with these and related standards is becoming a competitive requirement and, although a combination of our solutions has been certified as meeting all such required interoperability standards to date, maintaining such compliance with these varying and evolving rules may result in increased development costs and delays in upgrading our client software and systems. To the extent these rules are narrowly construed, subsequently changed or supplemented, or that we are delayed in achieving certification under these evolving rules for applicable products, our clients may postpone or cancel their decisions to purchase or implement our software and systems.
As it relates specifically to interoperability, we are a member of CommonWell Health Alliance ("CommonWell"), a not-for-profit trade association comprised of healthcare information technology vendors devoted to the notion that patient data should be safely, securely and immediately available to patients and healthcare providers to support better care delivery, regardless of where that care occurs. CommonWell is committed to fostering standards that make this possible, and to having healthcare information technology companies embed these capabilities natively and cost effectively into their EHR systems. Despite our membership in CommonWell, there is no guarantee that we will successfully manage the interoperability of our software and systems with third-party health IT providers.
Standards for Submission of Healthcare Claims. Effective October 2015, CMS mandated the use of new patient codes for reporting medical diagnosis and inpatient procedures, referred to as the ICD-10 codes. CMS requires all providers, payors, clearinghouses and billing services to utilize these ICD-10 codes when submitting claims for payment. ICD-10 codes affect medical diagnosis and inpatient procedure coding for everyone covered by HIPAA, not just those who submit Medicare or Medicaid claims. Claims for services must use ICD-10 codes for medical diagnosis and inpatient procedures or they will not be paid. While we have successfully implemented the use of ICD-10 codes within our products and services, the possibility exists for similar future mandates by CMS. If our products and services do not accommodate CMS mandates at any future date, clients may cease to use those products and services that are not compliant and may choose alternative vendors and products that are compliant. This could adversely impact future revenues.
Economic, market and other factors may cause a decline in spending for information technology and services by our current and prospective clients which may result in less demand for our products, lower prices and, consequently, lower revenues and a lower revenue growth rate.
The purchase of our information system involves a significant financial commitment by our clients. At the same time, the healthcare industry faces significant financial pressures that could adversely affect overall spending on healthcare information technology and services. For example, the economic recession in 2007-2009 and continued decrease in availability of credit to hospitals, combined with actual and potential further reductions in federal and state funding for Medicare and Medicaid, has caused hospitals to reduce, eliminate or postpone information technology related and other spending. To the extent spending for healthcare information technology and services declines or increases slower than we anticipate, demand for our products and services, as well as the prices we charge, could be adversely affected. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will be able to increase or maintain our revenues or our revenue growth rate.
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There are a limited number of hospitals in our target market. Saturation or consolidation in the healthcare industry could result in the loss of existing clients, a reduction in our potential client base and downward pressure on the prices of our products and services.
The limited number of hospitals with fewer than 200 acute care beds in our general target market for our acute care product and service offerings has resulted in an ever narrowing market for new system installations and add-on sales which could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
We have identified opportunities for continued growth and expansion in the form of (1) an expanded replacement market for EHRs as certain existing EHR vendors have struggled and are expected to continue to struggle with the heightened requirements of the ARRA's EHR adoption program, (2) selective expansion into English-speaking international markets, and (3) targeted expansion of the footprint for our ambulatory solutions by aggressively targeting physician practices in those communities where the local hospital is a current CPSI client. Although we have formulated strategic responses for capitalizing on each of the identified opportunities, there is no guarantee that such responses will ultimately prove successful. Additionally, to the extent that these opportunities fail to develop or develop more slowly than expected, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely impacted.
Furthermore, many healthcare providers have consolidated to create larger healthcare delivery enterprises with greater market power. If this consolidation continues, we could lose existing clients and could experience a decrease in the number of potential purchasers of our products and services. The loss of existing and potential clients due to industry consolidation could cause our revenue growth rate to decline.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMPANY
Volatility in and disruption to the global capital and credit markets and tightened lending standards may adversely affect our ability to access credit in the future, the cost of any credit obtained in the future, and the financial soundness of our clients and our business.
Domestic and international events have frequently resulted in volatility and disruption to the global capital and credit markets, often adversely affecting the availability, terms and cost of credit. Although we believe that our operating cash flow and financial assets will give us the ability to meet our financing needs for the foreseeable future, there can be no assurance that the volatility and disruption in the global capital and credit markets will not impair our liquidity or increase the costs of any future borrowing.
Our business could also be negatively impacted to the extent that our hospital clients continue to face tight capital and credit markets and other disruptions resulting from the prior economic recession or cuts in Medicare and Medicaid funding. Hospitals may modify, delay or cancel plans to purchase our software systems or services. Additionally, if hospitals’ operating and financial performance deteriorates, or if they are unable to make scheduled payments or obtain credit, they may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, accounts receivable owed to us. Any inability of clients to pay us for our products and services may adversely affect our earnings and cash flow.
Tightened lending standards and the absence of third-party credit has resulted in many of our hospital clients seeking financing arrangements from us to purchase our software systems and services. These financing arrangements impact our short-term operating cash flow and cash available. Should the requests for these financing arrangements continue or increase, our business could be negatively impacted by our inability to finance these arrangements. In addition, the absence of credit could negatively impact our existing financing receivables should our clients with financing arrangements be unable to meet their obligations.
Our substantial indebtedness may adversely affect our available cash flow and our ability to operate our business, remain in compliance with debt covenants and make payments on our indebtedness.
In connection with the acquisition of HHI we incurred substantial indebtedness. As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately $132.4 million of indebtedness, which includes $102.4 million under our term loan facility and $29.7 million borrowed under our revolving credit facility. We also had $20.3 million of unused commitments under our revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2018.
Our substantial indebtedness increases the possibility that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay, when due, the principal of, interest on or other amounts due in respect of our indebtedness. Our substantial indebtedness, combined with our other financial obligations and contractual commitments, could have important consequences. For example, it could:
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•make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, and any failure to comply with the obligations under any of our debt instruments, including restrictive covenants, could result in an event of default under such instruments;
•make us more vulnerable to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation;
•require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate;
•place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that are less highly leveraged and therefore able to take advantage of opportunities that our indebtedness prevents us from exploiting; and
•limit our ability to borrow additional amounts for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our business strategy or other purposes.
Any of the above listed factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, our interest expense could increase if interest rates increase because our debt bears interest at floating rates, which could adversely affect our cash flows. If we do not have sufficient earnings to service our debt, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, sell assets, borrow more money or sell securities, none of which we can guarantee we will be able to do.
In addition, the credit agreement governing our term loan facility and revolving credit facility contains restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests. A breach of any of these restrictive covenants, if not cured or waived, could result in an event of default that could trigger acceleration of our indebtedness and may result in the acceleration of or default under any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. The credit agreement requires compliance with a consolidated leverage ratio test. In addition, the credit agreement requires prepayment of the outstanding indebtedness thereunder if we have certain excess cash flow, as described therein. The credit agreement requires us to mandatorily prepay the term loan facility and amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility with net cash proceeds from certain financing and other transactions. Additionally, the credit agreement requires repayment of the facilities with 75% (50% for 2019 and thereafter) of excess cash flow (minus certain specified other payments), subject to elimination if our consolidated leverage ratio is less than or equal to 2.5 to 1.0.
Despite our current indebtedness levels, we and our subsidiaries may still be able to incur substantially more debt, which could exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial leverage.
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, including secured indebtedness. Although the credit agreement governing our term loan facility and revolving credit facility contains restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of significant qualifications and exceptions, and the indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. If new debt is added to our or our subsidiaries’ current debt levels, the related risks that we face would be increased.
To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control, and any failure to meet our debt service obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
Our ability to pay interest on and principal of our debt obligations principally depends upon our operating performance. As a result, prevailing economic conditions and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, will affect our ability to make these payments.
If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy our debt service obligations, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring our indebtedness, selling assets, reducing or delaying capital investments or capital expenditures or seeking to raise additional capital. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt, if at all, will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. In addition, the terms of existing or future debt instruments may restrict us from adopting some of
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these alternatives. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt service obligations, or to refinance our obligations at all or on commercially reasonable terms, could affect our ability to satisfy our debt obligations and have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
The terms of the credit agreement governing our term loan facility and revolving credit facility may restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes in our business or to take certain actions.
Our term loan facility and revolving credit facility contain, and any future indebtedness of ours would likely contain, a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating restrictions, including restrictions on our ability to engage in acts that may be in our best long-term interests.
The credit agreement governing our term loan facility and revolving credit facility includes covenants restricting, among other things, our ability to:
•incur additional debt;
•incur liens and encumbrances;
•pay dividends on our equity securities or payments to redeem, repurchase or retire our equity securities;
•enter into restrictive agreements;
•make investments, loans and acquisitions;
•merge or consolidate with any other person;
•dispose of assets;
•enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
•engage in transactions with our affiliates; and
•materially alter the business we conduct.
The operating restrictions and covenants in these debt agreements and any future financing agreements may adversely affect our ability to finance future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, and any material deviations from our forecasts could require us to seek waivers or amendments of covenants, alternative sources of financing or reductions in expenditures. In addition, the outstanding indebtedness under our term loan facility and revolving credit facility is, subject to certain exceptions, secured by security interests in substantially all of our and the subsidiary guarantors’ tangible and intangible assets (subject to certain exceptions). A breach of any of the restrictive covenants in the credit agreement governing our term loan facility and revolving credit facility would result in a default, and our lenders may elect to declare all outstanding borrowings, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable, or enforce and foreclose on their security interest and liquidate some or all of such pledged assets. The lenders under our term loan facility and revolving credit facility also have the right in these circumstances to terminate any commitments they have to provide further borrowings.
We are exposed to market risk related to interest rate changes.
We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates as a result of the floating interest rates applicable to the outstanding debt under our term loan facility and revolving credit facility. The interest rate for the outstanding debt under our term loan facility and revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2018 was 5.125%. Borrowings under our term loan facility and revolving credit facility bear interest at a base rate, a LIBOR rate, or a combination of the two, as elected by us, plus an applicable margin. The base rate is determined by reference to the greatest of (a) the prime lending rate of Regions Bank, (b) the federal funds rate for the relevant interest period plus one half of one percent per annum and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus one percent per annum. The LIBOR rate is determined by reference to the interest rate for dollar deposits in the London interbank market for the interest period relevant to such borrowings, adjusted as set forth in the credit agreement. There is no cap on the maximum interest rate for borrowings under our term loan facility and revolving credit facility.
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We may engage in future acquisitions. Such strategic acquisitions may be expensive, time consuming, and subject to other inherent risks which may jeopardize our ability to realize anticipated benefits.
We may acquire additional businesses, technologies and products if we determine that these additional businesses, technologies and products are likely to serve our strategic goals. Acquisitions, including the HHI acquisition, have inherent risks, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or prospects, including, but not limited to the following:
•significant acquisition and integration costs;
•failure to achieve projected synergies and performance targets;
•potentially dilutive issuances of our securities, the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities and amortization expenses related to intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition;
•using cash as acquisition currency may adversely affect interest or investment income, which may in turn adversely affect our earnings and/or earnings per share;
•difficulty in fully or effectively integrating the acquired technologies, software products, services, business practices or personnel, which would prevent us from realizing the intended benefits of the acquisition;
•failure to maintain uniform standard controls, policies and procedures across acquired businesses;
•difficulty in predicting and responding to issues related to product transition such as development, distribution and client support;
•the possible adverse effect of such acquisitions on existing relationships with third party partners and suppliers of technologies and services;
•the possibility that staff or clients of the acquired companies might not accept new ownership and may transition to different technologies or attempt to renegotiate contract terms or relationships, including maintenance or support agreements;
•the assumption of known and unknown liabilities;
•the possibility that the due diligence process in any such acquisition may not completely identify material issues associated with product quality, product architecture, product development, intellectual property issues, key personnel issues or legal and financial contingencies, including any deficiencies in internal controls and procedures and the costs associated with remedying such deficiencies;
•difficulty in entering geographic and/or business markets in which we have no or limited prior experience;
•diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns; and
•the possibility that acquired assets become impaired, requiring us to take a charge to earnings which could be significant.
A failure to successfully integrate acquired businesses or technology in a timely manner could, for any of these reasons, have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As a result, we may not be able to realize the expected benefits that we seek to achieve from the acquisitions, which could also affect our ability to service our debt obligations. In addition, we may be required to spend additional time or money on integration that otherwise would be spent on the development and expansion of our business.
Competition with companies that have greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we have could result in a loss of clients and/or a lowering of prices for our products, causing a decrease in our revenues and/or market share.
Our principal competitors are Cerner Corporation, athenahealth, Inc., Medical Information Technology, Inc. ("Meditech"), and MEDHOST, Inc. These companies compete with us directly in our target market of small and midsize hospitals. They offer products and systems that are comparable to our solutions and address the needs of hospitals in the markets we serve.
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Our secondary competitors in the acute care EHR market include Change Healthcare Holdings, Inc., Allscripts Healthcare Solutions, Inc., and Epic Systems Corporation. These companies are significantly larger than we are, and they typically sell their products and services to larger hospitals outside of our target market. However, they will sometimes compete with us directly or, more commonly, a larger health system who uses a system provided by one of these competitors will offer it to a smaller hospital as part of a merger or alliance.
We also face competition from providers of practice management systems, general decision support and database systems, and other segment-specific applications. Any of these companies, as well as other technology or healthcare companies could decide at any time to specifically target hospitals within our target market.
Our principal competitors in the post-acute care EHR market are PointClickCare Corporation, MatrixCare, Inc., and HealthMEDX, LLC. These companies compete with us directly in our target market of long-term post-acute care facilities. They offer products and systems that are comparable to our system and address the needs of long-term care providers.
Our principal competitors in the business management, consulting and managed IT services market are Healthcare Resource Group, Inc., Resolution Health, Inc., The Outsource Group Inc., Patient Focus, Inc., Xtend Healthcare Inc., Ensemble Health Partners, and nThrive, Inc. All of these companies provide one or more of the services we offer, with their primary focus being on business management services. The services they offer are comparable in scope to the competing services we offer. These companies all focus on providing services to the healthcare market. Secondary competitors include ARx LLC, Citadel Outsource Group LLC, Patient Matters, LLC, KIWI-TEK, LLC, and Aviacode Inc. Our principle competitors for RCM solutions include RelayHealth Corp, SSI Group, LLC, Quadax Inc., Change Healthcare Holdings, Inc., Availity, LLC, and Navicure, Inc.
A number of existing and potential competitors are more established than we are and have greater name recognition and financial, technical and marketing resources. Products of our competitors may have better performance, lower prices and broader market acceptance than our products. We expect increased competition that could cause us to lose clients, lower our prices to remain competitive and, consequently, experience lower revenues, revenue growth and profit margins.
Our failure to develop new products or enhance current products in response to market demands could adversely impact our competitive position and require substantial capital resources to correct.
The needs of hospitals in our target market are subject to rapid change due to government regulation, trends in clinical care practices and technological advancements. As a result of these changes, our products may quickly become obsolete or less competitive. New product introductions and enhancements by our competitors that more effectively or timely respond to changing industry needs may weaken our competitive position.
We continually redesign and enhance our products to incorporate new technologies and adapt our products to ever-changing hardware and software platforms. Often we face difficult choices regarding which new technologies to adopt. If we fail to anticipate or respond adequately to technological advancements, or experience significant delays in product development or introduction, our competitive position could be negatively affected. Moreover, our failure to offer products acceptable to our target market could require us to make significant capital investments and incur higher operating costs to redesign our products, which could negatively affect our financial condition and operating results.
Our products assist clinical decision-making and related care by capturing, maintaining and reporting relevant patient data. If our products fail to provide accurate and timely information, our clients could assert claims against us that could result in substantial cost to us, harm our reputation in the industry and cause demand for our products to decline.
We provide products that assist clinical decision-making and related care by capturing, maintaining and reporting relevant patient data. Our products could fail or produce inaccurate results due to a variety of reasons, including mechanical error, product flaws, faulty installation and/or human error during the initial data conversion. If our products fail to provide accurate and timely information, clients and/or patients could sue us to hold us responsible for losses they incur from these errors. These lawsuits, regardless of merit or outcome, could result in substantial cost to us, divert management’s attention from operations and decrease market acceptance of our products. We attempt to limit by contract our liability for damages arising from negligence, errors or mistakes. Despite this precaution, such contract provisions may not be enforceable or may not otherwise protect us from liability for damages. We maintain general liability insurance coverage, including coverage for errors or omissions. However, this coverage may not be sufficient to cover one or more large claims against us or otherwise continue to be available on terms acceptable to us. In addition, the insurer could disclaim coverage as to any future claim.
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Breaches of security and viruses in our systems could result in client claims against us and harm to our reputation causing us to incur expenses and/or lose clients.
In the course of our business operations, we compile and transmit confidential information, including patient health information. We have included security features in our systems that are intended to protect the privacy and integrity of this information. Despite the existence of these security features, our system may experience break-ins and similar disruptive problems that could jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through the information technology networks of our clients. In addition, the other systems with which we may interface, such as the Internet and related systems, may be vulnerable to security breaches, viruses, programming errors or similar disruptive problems. Based on the size of our company, the industry in which we operate, and the overall percentage of impacted companies in the same or similar industry, it is probable there will be attempts to breach our security. Healthcare information has become a prime target for attackers based on the value of the information and, therefore, has the potential to increase the risk of us experiencing a cyber attack.
Our systems have experienced various immaterial breaches in the past, including ransomware, denial-of-service, malware, and phishing. Also, our business partners have experienced security breaches, which is disruptive for our customers. While these events have not had an adverse impact on our business or financial condition, security breaches such as these could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, as, (a) clients could sue us for breaches of security involving our system due to the sensitivity of the medical information we compile and transmit; (b) actual or perceived security breaches in our system could harm the market perception of our products which could cause us to lose existing and prospective clients; and (c) the effect of security breaches and related issues could disrupt our ability to perform certain key business functions and could potentially reduce demand for our products and services. Accordingly, we have expended significant resources toward establishing and enhancing the security of our related infrastructures and we have enhanced our cybersecurity risk management program and disclosure controls and procedures, as discussed under "Business - Our Products and Services." However, no assurance can be given that these efforts will be sufficient to protect against a breach or other cybersecurity incident. Also, maintaining and enhancing our infrastructure security may require us to expend significant capital in the future.
New products that we introduce or enhancements to our existing products may contain undetected errors or problems that could affect client satisfaction and cause a decrease in revenues.
Highly complex software products such as ours sometimes contain undetected errors or failures when first introduced or when updates and new versions are released. Tests of our products may not detect bugs or errors because it is difficult to simulate our clients’ wide variety of computing environments. Despite extensive testing, from time to time we have discovered defects or errors in our products. Defects or errors discovered in our products could cause delays in product introductions and shipments, result in increased costs and diversion of development resources, require design modifications, decrease market acceptance or client satisfaction with our products, cause a loss of revenue, result in legal actions by our clients and cause increased insurance costs.
We may not be successful in convincing customers to migrate to current or future releases of our products, which may lead to reduced services and maintenance revenues and less future business from existing customers.
Our customers may not be willing to incur the costs or invest the resources necessary to complete upgrades to current or future releases of our products. This may lead to our loss of services and maintenance revenues and future business from customers that continue to operate prior versions of our products or choose to no longer use our products
Most of our facilities are located in an area vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms, and the occurrence of a severe hurricane, similar storm or other natural disaster could cause damage to our facilities and equipment, which could require us to cease or limit our operations.
A significant portion of our facilities and employees are located within 30 miles of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Our facilities are vulnerable to significant damage or destruction from hurricanes and tropical storms. We are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including tornadoes, fires, floods and similar events. If any disaster were to occur, our ability to conduct business at our facilities could be seriously impaired or completely destroyed. This would have adverse consequences for our clients who depend on us for system support or business management, consulting and managed IT services. Also, the servers of clients who use our remote access services could be damaged or destroyed in any such disaster. This would have potentially devastating consequences to those clients. Although we have an emergency recovery plan, including back-up systems in remote locations, there can be no assurance that this plan will effectively prevent the interruption of our business due to a natural disaster. Furthermore, the insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from any natural disaster or other business interruption.
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Interruptions in our power supply and/or telecommunications capabilities could disrupt our operations, cause us to lose revenues and/or increase our expenses.
We currently have backup generators to be used as alternative sources of power in the event of a loss of power to our facilities. If these generators were to fail during any power outage, we would be temporarily unable to continue operations at our facilities. This would have adverse consequences for our clients who depend on us for system support, business management, and managed IT and professional services. Any such interruption in operations at our facilities could damage our reputation, harm our ability to retain existing clients and obtain new clients, and result in lost revenue and increased insurance and other operating costs.
We also have clients for whom we store and maintain computer servers containing critical patient and administrative data. Those clients access this data remotely through telecommunications lines. If our power generators fail during any power outage or if our telecommunications lines are severed or impaired for any reason, those clients would be unable to access their mission critical data causing an interruption in their operations. In such event our remote access clients and/or their patients could seek to hold us responsible for any losses. We would also potentially lose those clients, and our reputation could be harmed.
If we are unable to attract and retain qualified client service and support personnel, our business and operating results will suffer.
Our client service and support is a key component of our business. Most of our hospital clients have small information technology staffs, and they depend on us to service and support their systems. Future difficulty in attracting, training and retaining capable client service and support personnel could cause a decrease in the overall quality of our client service and support. That decrease would have a negative effect on client satisfaction which could cause us to lose existing clients and could have an adverse effect on our new client sales. The loss of clients due to inadequate client service and support would negatively impact our ability to continue to grow our business.
We periodically have restructured our sales force, which can be disruptive.
We continue to rely heavily on our direct sales force. Periodically, we have restructured or made other adjustments to our sales force in response to factors such as product changes, geographical coverage and other internal considerations. Change in the structures of the sales force and sales force management can result in temporary lack of focus and reduced productivity that may affect revenues in one or more quarters. Future restructuring of our sales force could occur, and if so we may again experience the adverse transition issues associated with such restructuring.
We do not have employment or non-competition agreements with most of our key personnel, and their departure could harm our future success.
Our future success depends to a significant extent on the leadership and performance of our chief executive officer and other executive officers. We do not have employment or non-competition agreements with any of our executive officers. Therefore, they may terminate their employment with us at any time and may compete against us. The loss of the services of any of our executive officers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are unable to manage our growth in the new markets we may enter, our business and financial results could suffer.
Our future financial results will depend in part on our ability to profitably manage our business in new markets that we may enter. We are engaging in the strategic identification of, and competition for, growth and expansion opportunities in new markets or offerings. In order to successfully execute on these future initiatives, we will need to, among other things, manage changing business conditions and develop expertise in areas outside of our business's traditional core competencies. Difficulties in managing future growth in new markets could have a significant negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to maintain our margins and service rates for implementation services could have a material adverse effect on our operating performance and financial condition.
A significant portion of our revenues is derived from implementation services. If we fail to scope our implementation projects correctly, our services margins may suffer. We bill for implementation services predominately on an hourly or daily basis (time and materials) and sometimes under fixed price contracts, and we generally recognize revenue from those services as we perform the work. If we are not able to maintain the current service rates for our time and materials implementation services, without corresponding cost reductions, or if the percentage of fixed price contracts increases and we underestimate the
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costs of our fixed price contracts, our operating performance may suffer. The rates we charge for our implementation services depend on a number of factors, including the following:
· perceptions of our ability to add value through our implementation services;
· complexity of services performed;
· competition;
· pricing policies of our competitors and of systems integrators;
· the use of globally sourced, lower-cost service delivery capabilities within our industry; and
· economic, political and market conditions.
Services revenues carry lower gross margins than license revenues and an overall increase in services revenues as a percentage of total revenues could have an adverse impact on our business.
Because our service revenues have lower gross margins than do our license revenues, an increase in the percentage of total revenues represented by service revenues could have a detrimental impact on our overall gross margins and could adversely affect operating results.
Because we believe that proprietary rights are material to our success, misappropriation of these rights could limit our ability to compete effectively and adversely affect our financial condition.
We are heavily dependent on the maintenance and protection of our intellectual property and we rely largely on a combination of confidentiality provisions in our client agreements, employee nondisclosure agreements, trademark and trade secret laws and other measures to protect our intellectual property. Additionally, our software is not patented or copyrighted. Although we attempt to control access to our intellectual property, unauthorized persons may attempt to copy or otherwise use our intellectual property. There can be no assurance that the legal protections and precautions we take will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of our technology or that competitors will not independently develop technologies equivalent or superior to ours. Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult, and the steps we have taken may not prevent unauthorized use. If our competitors gain access to our intellectual property, our competitive position in the industry could be damaged. An inability to compete effectively could cause us to lose existing and potential clients and experience lower revenues, revenue growth and profit margins. Third parties could obtain patents that may require us to negotiate licenses to conduct our business, and the required licenses may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. We also rely on nondisclosure agreements with certain employees, and we cannot be certain that these agreements will not be breached or that we will have adequate remedies for any breach.
If we are deemed to infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties, we could incur unanticipated expense and be prevented from providing our products and services if we cannot obtain licenses to these rights on commercially acceptable terms.
We do not believe that our operations or products infringe on the intellectual property rights of others. However, there can be no assurance that others will not assert infringement or trade secret claims against us with respect to our current or future products. Many participants in the technology industry have an increasing number of patents and patent applications and have frequently demonstrated a readiness to take legal action based on allegations of patent and other intellectual property infringement. Further, as the number and functionality of our products increase, we believe we may become increasingly subject to the risk of infringement claims. If infringement claims are brought against us, these assertions could distract management. We may have to spend a significant amount of money and time to defend or settle those claims. In addition, claims against third parties from which we purchase software could adversely affect our ability to access third-party software for our systems.
If we were found to infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, we could be forced to pay significant license fees or damages for infringement. If we were unable to obtain licenses to these rights on commercially acceptable terms, we would be required to discontinue the sale of our products that contain the infringing technology. Our clients would also be
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required to discontinue the use of those products. We are unable to insure against this risk on an economically feasible basis. Even if we were to prevail in an infringement lawsuit, the accompanying publicity could adversely impact the demand for our products. Under some circumstances, we agree to indemnify our clients for some types of infringement claims that may arise from the use of our products.
We face the risks and uncertainties that are associated with litigation against us, which may adversely impact our marketing, distract management and have a negative impact upon our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We face the risks associated with litigation concerning the operation of our business. For example, companies in our industry, including many of our competitors, have been subject to litigation based on allegations of patent infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. In particular, patent holding companies often engage in litigation to seek to monetize patents that they have obtained. As the number of competitors, patents and patent holding companies in our industry increases, the functionality of our products and services expands, and we enter into new geographies and markets, the number of intellectual property rights-related actions against us is likely to continue to increase. The uncertainty associated with substantial unresolved litigation may have an adverse effect on our business. In particular, such litigation could impair our relationships with existing clients and our ability to obtain new clients. Defending such litigation may result in a diversion of management's time and attention away from business operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Such litigation may also have the effect of discouraging potential acquirers from bidding for us or reducing the consideration such acquirers would otherwise be willing to pay in connection with an acquisition.
There can be no assurance that such litigation will not result in liability in excess of our insurance coverage, that our insurance will cover such claims or that appropriate insurance will continue to be available to us in the future at commercially reasonable rates.
We are dependent on the continued and unimpeded access to the Internet by us and our clients, which is not within our control.
We deliver Internet-based services and, accordingly, depend on our ability and the ability of our clients to access the Internet. This access is currently provided by third parties that have significant market power in the broadband and Internet access marketplace, including incumbent telephone companies, cable companies, mobile communications companies and government-owned service providers - all of whom are outside of our control. In the event of any difficulties, outages and delays by Internet service providers, we may be impeded from providing services, resulting in a loss of potential or existing clients.
We may be subject to liability in the event we provide inaccurate claims data to payors.
We offer electronic claims submission services as part of our business management services. While we have implemented certain product features designed to maximize the accuracy and completeness of claims submissions, these features may not be sufficient to prevent inaccurate claims data from being submitted to payors. Should inaccurate claims data be submitted to payors, we may be subject to liability claims.
We may experience liability claims arising out of the licensing of our software and provision of services.
Our agreements normally contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to potential liability claims and generally exclude consequential and other forms of extraordinary damages. However, these provisions could be rendered ineffective, invalid or unenforceable by unfavorable judicial decisions or by federal, state, local or foreign laws or ordinances. For example, we may not be able to avoid or limit liability for disputes relating to product performance or the provision of services. If a claim against us were to be successful, we may be required to incur significant expense and pay substantial damages, including consequential or punitive damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Even if we prevail in contesting such a claim, the accompanying publicity could adversely affect the demand for our products and services.
We also rely on certain technology that we license from third parties, including software that is integrated with our internally developed software. Although these third parties generally indemnify us against claims that their technology infringes on the proprietary rights of others, such indemnification is not always available for all types of intellectual property. Often such third-party indemnifiers are not well capitalized and may not be able to indemnify us in the event that their technology infringes on the proprietary rights of others. As a result, we may face substantial exposure if technology we license from a third party infringes on another party’s proprietary rights. Defending such infringement claims, regardless of their validity, could result in significant cost and diversion of resources.
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We are dependent on our licenses of rights, products and services from third parties, disruptions of which may cause us to discontinue, delay or reduce product shipments.
We are increasingly dependent upon licenses for some of the technology used in our products as well as other products and services from third-party vendors, and the costs of these licenses have increased in recent years. Most of these arrangements can be continued/renewed only by mutual consent and may be terminated for any number of reasons. We may not be able to continue using the technology, products or services made available to us under these arrangements on commercially reasonable terms or at all. As a result, we may have to discontinue, delay or reduce product shipments or services provided until we can obtain equivalent technology or services. Most of our third-party licenses are non-exclusive. Our competitors may obtain the right to use any of the business elements covered by these arrangements and use these elements to compete directly with us. In addition, if our vendors choose to discontinue providing their technology, products or services in the future or are unsuccessful in their continued research and development efforts, we may not be able to modify or adapt our own products. The operation of our products would be impaired if errors occur in third party technology or content that we incorporate, and we may incur additional costs to repair or replace the defective technology or content. It may be difficult for us to correct any errors in third party products because the products are not within our control.
As a result of the inherent limitations in our internal control over financial reporting, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file with or submit to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) is accumulated and communicated to management and recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. In addition, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by an unauthorized override of the controls.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK
We are subject to changes in and interpretations of financial accounting matters that govern the measurement of our performance, one or more of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, revenue and results of operations.
Based on our reading and interpretations of relevant guidance, principles or concepts issued by, among other authorities, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission, we believe revenue received pursuant to our current sales and licensing contract terms and business arrangements have been properly recognized. However, there continue to be issued interpretations and guidance for applying the relevant standards to a wide range of sales and licensing contract terms and business arrangements that are prevalent in the software industry. Future interpretations or changes by the regulators of existing accounting standards, including Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, or changes in our business practices could result in changes in our revenue recognition and/or other accounting policies and practices that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, revenue and results of operations.
We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired.
We are required under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") to test our goodwill for impairment annually or more frequently if indicators for potential impairment exist. Indicators that are considered include significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant changes in the use of the assets, significant negative industry, or economic trends, or a significant decline in the Company's stock price and/or market capitalization for a sustained period of time. In addition, we periodically review our intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our intangible assets may not be recoverable include slower growth rates, the loss of significant clients, or divestiture of a business or asset for less than its carrying value. We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or intangible assets is determined. For example, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $28.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2017 relating to our Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit, which consists soley of American HealthTech, which we acquired in January 2016 as part of our acquisition of HHI. This impairment charge had a significant negative effect on our consolidated net income for the year ended December 31, 2017.
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Any future impairment charges could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. There are inherent uncertainties in management's estimates, judgments and assumptions used in assessing recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets. Any changes in key assumptions, including failure to meet business plans, a deterioration in the market, or other unanticipated events and circumstances, may affect the accuracy or validity of such estimates and could potentially result in an impairment charge.
The unpredictability of our quarterly operating results may cause us to fail to meet revenues or earnings expectations which could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate or decline.
There is no assurance that consistent quarterly growth in our business will occur. Our quarterly revenues may fluctuate and may be difficult to forecast for a variety of reasons. For example, prospective clients often take significant time evaluating our system and related services before making a purchase decision. Moreover, a prospective client who has placed an order for our system could decide to cancel that order or postpone installation of the ordered system. If a prospective client delays or cancels a scheduled system installation during any quarter, we may not be able to schedule a substitute system installation during that quarter. The amount of revenues that would have been generated from that installation will be postponed or lost. The possibility of delays or cancellations of scheduled system installations could cause our quarterly revenues to fluctuate.
The following factors may also affect demand for our products and services and cause our quarterly revenues to fluctuate:
•changes in client budgets and purchasing priorities;
•the ability of our clients to obtain financing for the purchase of our products;
•the financial stability of our clients;
•the specific mix of software, hardware and services in orders from clients;
•the timing of new product announcements and product introductions by us and our competitors;
•market acceptance of new products, product enhancements and services from us and our competitors;
•product and price competition;
•our success in expanding our sales and marketing programs;
•the availability and cost of system components;
•delay of revenue recognition to future quarters due to an increase in the sales of our remote access SaaS services;
•the length of sales cycles and installation processes;
•changes in revenue recognition or other accounting guidelines employed by us and/or established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other rulemaking bodies;
•accounting policies concerning the timing of recognition of revenue;
•personnel changes; and
•general market and economic factors.
Variations in our quarterly revenues may adversely affect our operating results. In each fiscal quarter, our expense levels, operating costs and hiring plans are based on projections of future revenues and are relatively fixed. Because a significant percentage of our expenses are relatively fixed, a variation in the timing of systems sales, implementations and installations can cause significant variations in operating results from quarter to quarter. As a result, we believe that interim period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. Further, our historical operating results are not necessarily indicative of future performance for any particular period.
During 2017, we recognized revenue pursuant to ASC Topic 985-605, Software, Revenue Recognition, or ASC 985-605. As of January 1, 2018, we recognize revenue pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606. ASC 606 summarizes the FASB’s views in applying generally accepted accounting principles to revenue recognition in financial statements. There can be no assurance that application and subsequent interpretations of this pronouncement will
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not further modify our revenue recognition policies, or that such modifications would not adversely affect our operating results reported in any particular quarter or year.
Due to all of the foregoing factors, it is possible that our operating results may be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. In such event, the price of our common stock would likely be adversely affected.
Our common stock price has periodically experienced significant volatility, which could result in substantial losses for investors purchasing shares of our common stock and in litigation against us.
Volatility may be caused by a number of factors including but not limited to:
•actual or anticipated quarterly variations in operating results;
•rumors about our performance, software solutions, or merger and acquisition activity;
•changes in expectations of future financial performance or changes in estimates of securities analysts;
•governmental regulatory action;
•healthcare reform measures;
•client relationship developments;
•purchases or sales of Company stock;
•changes occurring in the markets in general;
•macroeconomic conditions, both nationally and internationally; and
•other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
Furthermore, the stock market in general, and the market for software, healthcare and high technology companies in particular, has experienced significant volatility in recent years that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock, regardless of actual operating performance.
Moreover, in the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. We may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.
If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, this may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock.
We are required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and to include a report by our independent auditors attesting to such effectiveness. Any failure by us to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our ability to report accurately our financial condition or results of operations.
As discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (under "Controls and Procedures"), our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, we had a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to our business combination processes. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We have remediated the identified material weakness, but no assurances can be given that management will not identify in the future internal control deficiencies, with respect to business combination processes or otherwise, that constitute a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting or that any such material weakness will be remediated in a timely fashion.
If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, or if our independent auditors determine that we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our
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internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, also could restrict our future access to the capital markets.
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| ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS | ||||
None.
| ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES | ||||
Our corporate campus is located on approximately 16.5 acres in Mobile, Alabama and includes approximately 135,500 square feet of office space. Our main campus headquarters building consists of approximately 66,000 square feet of office and warehouse space. We also have eleven additional smaller campus buildings consisting of approximately 6,000 square feet of office space each and an additional campus building consisting of approximately 3,500 square feet. The Company also owns 11.3 acres of undeveloped real property adjacent to our corporate campus.
We lease the remainder of our facilities in various locations in the United States, including: Fairhope, Alabama; Pottsville, Pennsylvania; Lanett, Alabama; Mobile, Alabama; Monroe, Louisiana; Denver, Colorado; Glenwood, Minnesota; Marshall, Minnesota; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Ridgeland, Mississippi. The terms of these leases generally range in length from one to twelve years, and all of the leases contain options to incrementally extend the lease period. During 2019, we have three leases which will expire: Ridgeland, MS, Glenwood, MN, and Minneapolis, MN. Our plans are to maintain a presence in the Ridgeland, MS and Glenwood, MN areas, and we are currently in negotiations with property owners in those geographies to enter into new lease arrangements to replace our existing locations. Our expectation is that these lease arrangements will result in a favorable cost impact with reduced square footage and base rents compared to our existing facilities. Our current Minneapolis, MN operations will be relocated to a new leased location in Plymouth, MN, with similar favorable cost impacts with reduced square footage and base rents compared to the existing Minneapolis, MN lease.
| ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | ||||
From time to time, we are involved in routine litigation that arises in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently involved in any claims outside the ordinary course of business that are material to our financial condition or results of operations.
| ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | ||||
Not applicable.
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PART II
| ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES | ||||
Market for CPSI Common Stock
As of March 11, 2019, there were approximately 118 registered holders of our common stock, as provided to us by our transfer agent. This number does not include the number of beneficial owners whose shares are held in "street" names by broker-dealers and other institutions who hold shares on behalf of their clients. As of March 11, 2019, there were 14,355,180 shares of common stock outstanding.
CPSI’s common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "CPSI."
Dividends
On November 2, 2017, the Company announced that our Board of Directors adopted a fixed dividend policy for the payment of quarterly dividends. The policy provides for dividends to be paid quarterly in an amount of $0.10 per share. We believe that paying dividends is an effective way of providing an investment return to our stockholders and a beneficial use of our cash. However, the declaration of dividends by CPSI is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors will take into account such matters as general business conditions, capital needs, our financial results, available liquidity and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Additionally, the terms of our Credit Agreement restrict our ability to pay dividends. See Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Liquidity and Capital Resources-Credit Agreement” included herein.
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| ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | ||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands, except for per share data) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INCOME DATA: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total sales revenues | $ | 280,411 | $ | 276,927 | $ | 267,272 | $ | 182,174 | $ | 204,742 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs of sales | 130,683 | 129,654 | 133,538 | 87,716 | 90,795 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 149,728 | 147,273 | 133,734 | 94,458 | 113,947 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses* | 124,846 | 152,087 | 119,359 | 69,372 | 64,360 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss)* | 24,882 | (4,814) | 14,375 | 25,086 | 49,587 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | (6,774) | (8,669) | (6,389) | 405 | 152 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before taxes* | 18,108 | (13,483) | 7,986 | 25,491 | 49,739 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 476 | 3,933 | 4,053 | 7,148 | 16,819 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income (loss)* | $ | 17,632 | $ | (17,416) | $ | 3,933 | $ | 18,343 | $ | 32,920 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - basic* | $ | 1.26 | $ | (1.27) | $ | .29 | $ | 1.62 | $ | 2.94 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - diluted* | $ | 1.26 | $ | (1.27) | $ | .29 | $ | 1.62 | $ | 2.94 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 13,561 | 13,419 | 13,255 | 11,083 | 11,026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted | 13,568 | 13,419 | 13,255 | 11,083 | 11,026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | .40 | $ | .85 | $ | 1.86 | $ | 2.56 | $ | 2.28 | |||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BALANCE SHEET DATA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 5,732 | $ | 520 | $ | 2,220 | $ | 24,951 | $ | 23,792 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Working capital | 31,435 | 17,028 | 13,604 | 57,136 | 63,355 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 327,746 | 318,216 | 339,150 | 92,788 | 99,325 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 38,503 | 40,849 | 30,945 | 17,421 | 18,161 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 159,783 | 136,086 | 157,970 | 75,366 | 80,781 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * Year ended December 31, 2017 is inclusive of a $28.0 million ($2.09 per share) non-cash goodwill impairment expense. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | ||||
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the "Selected Financial Data" and our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including but not limited to those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report.
Background
CPSI is a leading provider of healthcare solutions and services for community hospitals and other healthcare systems and post-acute care facilities. Founded in 1979, CPSI offers our products and services through three companies - Evident, LLC ("Evident"), TruBridge, LLC ("TruBridge"), and American HealthTech, Inc. ("AHT"). These combined companies are focused on improving the health of the communities we serve, connecting communities for a better patient care experience, and improving the financial operations of our clients. The individual contributions of each of these companies towards this combined focus are as follows:
•Evident, which makes up our Acute Care EHR reporting segment, provides comprehensive acute care electronic health record ("EHR") solutions, Thrive and Centriq, and related services for community hospitals and their physician clinics.
•AHT, which makes up our Post-acute Care EHR reporting segment, provides a comprehensive post-acute care EHR solution and related services for skilled nursing and assisted living facilities.
•TruBridge, our third reporting segment, focuses on providing business management, consulting, and managed IT services along with its complete revenue cycle management ("RCM") solution for all care settings, regardless of their primary healthcare information solutions provider.
Our companies currently support approximately 1,000 acute care facilities and approximately 3,300 post-acute care facilities with a geographically diverse customer mix within the domestic community healthcare market. Our clients primarily consist of community hospitals with fewer than 200 acute care beds, with hospitals having fewer than 100 beds comprising approximately 98% of our acute care EHR client base.
See Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information on our three reportable segments.
Management Overview
Through much of our history, we have been able to achieve meaningful long-term revenue growth through sales of healthcare IT systems and related services to existing and new clients within our target market. Prospectively, our ability to continue to realize long-term revenue growth is largely dependent on our ability to sell new and additional products and services to our existing customer base, including cross-selling opportunities presented between our operating segments, Acute Care EHR, Post-acute Care EHR, and TruBridge. As a result, retention of existing EHR customers is a key component of our long-term growth strategy by protecting this base of potential cross-sell customers, while at the same time serving as a leading indicator of our market position and stability of revenues and cash flows.
Additionally, as we consider the long-term growth prospects of our business, we are seeking to further stabilize our revenues and cash flows and leverage TruBridge services as a growth agent in light of a relatively mature EHR marketplace. As a result, we are placing ever-increasing value in further developing our already significant recurring revenue base. As such, maintaining and growing recurring revenues are additional key components of our long-term growth strategy, aided by the aforementioned focus on customer retention, and include a renewed focus on driving demand for subscriptions for our existing technology solutions.
Our business model is designed such that, as revenue growth materializes, earnings and profitability growth are naturally bolstered through the increased margin realization afforded us by operating leverage. Once a hospital has installed our solutions, we continue to provide support services to the customer on a continuing basis and make available to the customer our broad portfolio of business management, consulting, and managed IT services, all of which contribute to recurring revenue growth. The provision of these recurring revenue services typically requires fewer resources than the initial system installation, resulting in increased overall gross margins and operating margins.
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We also look to increase margins through cost containment measures where appropriate as we continue to leverage opportunities for greater operating efficiencies of the combined entity. For example, during the first quarter of 2018, we further integrated our acute care product lines into a combined client support group. Using best practices of the combined companies' implementation processes, we have decreased travel costs for our acute care installations by approximately 25%. During the fourth quarter of 2017, TruBridge eliminated approximately $0.6 million per quarter of cloud hosting service costs for the HHI customer base by utilizing in-house resources. Also, during the first quarter of 2017 and the third quarter of 2018, we instituted a limited-time, voluntary severance program offering those employees meeting certain predetermined criteria severance packages involving continuing periodic cash payments and healthcare benefits for varying periods, depending upon the individual's years of service with the Company.
Turbulence in the U.S. and worldwide economies and financial markets impacts almost all industries. While the healthcare industry is not immune to economic cycles, we believe it is more significantly affected by U.S. regulatory and national health projects than by the economic cycles of our economy. Additionally, healthcare organizations with a large dependency on Medicare and Medicaid populations, such as community hospitals, have been affected by the challenging financial condition of the federal government and many state governments and government programs. Accordingly, we recognize that prospective hospital clients often do not have the necessary capital to make investments in information technology. Additionally, in response to these challenges, hospitals have become more selective regarding where they invest capital, resulting in a focus on strategic spending that generates a return on their investment. Despite these challenges, we believe healthcare information technology is often viewed as more strategically beneficial to hospitals than other possible purchases because the technology also plays an important role in healthcare by improving safety and efficiency and reducing costs. Additionally, we believe most hospitals recognize that they must invest in healthcare information technology to meet current and future regulatory, compliance and government reimbursement requirements.
In recent years, there have been significant changes to provider reimbursement by the U.S. federal government, followed by commercial payers and state governments. There is increasing pressure on healthcare organizations to reduce costs and increase quality while replacing fee-for-service in part by enrolling in an advanced payment model. This pressure could further encourage adoption of healthcare IT and increase demand for business management, consulting, and managed IT services, as the future success of these healthcare providers is greatly dependent upon their ability to engage patient populations and to coordinate patient care across a multitude of settings, while optimizing operating efficiency along the way.
We have historically made financing arrangements available to clients on a case-by-case basis depending upon the various aspects of the proposed contract and customer attributes. Our system sales revenues are now weighted more heavily in the form of financed sales, compared to upfront and subscription payment modules. These financing arrangements include short-term payment plans and longer-term lease financing through us or third-party financing companies. For those clients not seeking a financing arrangement, the payment schedule of the typical contract is structured to provide for a scheduling deposit due at contract signing, with the remainder of the contracted fees due at various stages of the installation process (delivery of hardware, installation of software and commencement of training, and satisfactory completion of a monthly accounting cycle or end-of-month operation by each respective application, as applicable).
During 2018 and 2017, total financing receivables increased by $7.8 million and $15.5 million, respectively, which had a significant impact on operating cash flow. This increase in financing arrangements was primarily due to two reasons. First, meaningful use stage three ("MU3") installations are primarily financed through short-term payment plans and demand for such installation has increased since late 2017. Second, competitor financing options, primarily through accounts receivables management collections and cloud EHR arrangements, have applied pressure to reduce initial customer capital investment requirements for new EHR installations, leading to the offering of long-term lease options. During 2018, increases in financing receivables were partially offset by cash receipts related to MU3 installations completed during late 2017 and 2018.
We have also historically made our software applications available to clients through "Software as a Service" or "SaaS" configurations, including our Cloud Electronic Health Record ("Cloud EHR") offering. These offerings are attractive to some clients because this configuration allows them to obtain access to advanced software products without a significant initial capital outlay. We have experienced an increase in the prevalence of such SaaS arrangements for new system installations and add-on sales to existing clients since 2015, a trend we expect to continue for the foreseeable future. Unlike our perpetual license arrangements under which the related revenue is recognized effectively upon installation, the SaaS arrangements result in revenue being recognized monthly as the services are provided over the term of the arrangement. As a result, the effect of this trend on the Company's financial statements is reduced system sales revenues during the period of installation in exchange for increased recurring periodic revenues (reflected in system sales and support revenues) over the term of the SaaS arrangement.
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2018 Financial Overview
We generated revenues of $280.4 million from the sale of our products and services during 2018, compared to $276.9 million during 2017, an increase of 1% that is primarily attributed to TruBridge recurring revenue growth, which was partially offset by decreases of recurring and non-recurring revenues for both our Acute Care EHR and our Post-acute Care EHR segments. We view sales of TruBridge solutions within our existing EHR client base as our leading performance indicator. Our net income (loss) increased to income of $17.6 million in 2018 compared to a loss of $17.4 million in 2017, primarily due to a $28.0 million goodwill impairment charge for our post-acute care EHR reporting unit during 2017. Our operating income (loss) increased to income of $24.9 million in 2018 compared to a loss of $4.8 million in 2017, primarily due to the aforementioned goodwill impairment in 2017. Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $0.3 million, from $23.6 million provided by operations for 2017 to $23.9 million provided by operations for 2018. This increase was primarily due to an increase in net income partially offset by disadvantageous cash changes in working capital, most notably decreases in payables and other liabilities.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain items included in our results of operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, expressed as a percentage of our total revenues for these periods:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Amount | % Sales | Amount | % Sales | Amount | % Sales | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INCOME DATA: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System sales and support: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | $ | 157,972 | 56.3 | % | $ | 164,228 | 59.3 | % | $ | 159,146 | 59.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | 22,192 | 7.9 | % | 24,033 | 8.7 | % | 26,519 | 9.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total system sales and support | 180,164 | 64.2 | % | 188,261 | 68.0 | % | 185,665 | 69.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TruBridge | 100,247 | 35.8 | % | 88,666 | 32.0 | % | 81,607 | 30.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total sales revenues | 280,411 | 100.0 | % | 276,927 | 100.0 | % | 267,272 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costs of sales: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System sales and support: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | 69,831 | 24.9 | % | 72,537 | 26.2 | % | 78,272 | 29.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | 6,153 | 2.2 | % | 7,481 | 2.7 | % | 9,610 | 3.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total system sales and support | 75,984 | 27.1 | % | 80,018 | 28.9 | % | 87,882 | 32.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TruBridge | 54,699 | 19.5 | % | 49,636 | 17.9 | % | 45,656 | 17.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs of sales | 130,683 | 46.6 | % | 129,654 | 46.8 | % | 133,538 | 50.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 149,728 | 53.4 | % | 147,273 | 53.2 | % | 133,734 | 50.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product development | 36,371 | 13.0 | % | 33,737 | 12.2 | % | 29,095 | 10.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 30,713 | 11.0 | % | 33,021 | 11.9 | % | 27,194 | 10.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 47,275 | 16.9 | % | 46,923 | 16.9 | % | 52,888 | 19.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles | 10,487 | 3.7 | % | 10,406 | 3.8 | % | 10,182 | 3.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | — | % | 28,000 | 10.1 | % | — | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 124,846 | 44.5 | % | 152,087 | 54.9 | % | 119,359 | 44.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 24,882 | 8.9 | % | (4,814) | (1.7) | % | 14,375 | 5.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 803 | 0.3 | % | 407 | 0.1 | % | 220 | 0.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | — | % | (1,340) | (0.5) | % | — | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (7,577) | (2.7) | % | (7,736) | (2.8) | % | (6,609) | (2.5) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | (6,774) | (2.4) | % | (8,669) | (3.1) | % | (6,389) | (2.4) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before taxes | 18,108 | 6.5 | % | (13,483) | (4.9) | % | 7,986 | 3.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 476 | 0.2 | % | 3,933 | 1.4 | % | 4,053 | 1.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 17,632 | 6.3 | % | $ | (17,416) | (6.3) | % | $ | 3,933 | 1.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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2018 Compared to 2017
Revenues. Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased 1%, or $3.5 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017.
System sales and support revenues, consisting of the Acute Care EHR and Post-acute Care EHR segments, decreased by 4%, or $8.1 million, from the year ended December 31, 2017. System sales and support revenues were comprised of the following for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
Recurring system sales and support revenues (1) | |||||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | $ | 111,936 | $ | 113,056 | |||||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | 18,599 | 20,122 | |||||||||
| Total recurring system sales and support revenues | 130,535 | 133,178 | |||||||||
Non-recurring system sales and support revenues (2) | |||||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | 46,036 | 51,172 | |||||||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | 3,593 | 3,911 | |||||||||
| Total non-recurring system sales and support revenues | 49,629 | 55,083 | |||||||||
| Total system sales and support revenue | $ | 180,164 | $ | 188,261 | |||||||
(1) Mostly comprised of support and maintenance, third-party subscriptions, and SaaS revenues. | |||||||||||
(2) Mostly comprised of installation revenues from the sale of our acute and post-acute care EHR solutions and related applications under a perpetual (non-subscription) licensing model. | |||||||||||
Non-recurring system sales and support revenues decreased $5.5 million, or 10%, primarily due to Acute Care EHR new system implementation volatility and relative weakness in non-MU3 related add-on sales, resulting in an overall decrease in Acute Care EHR non-recurring revenues of $5.1 million, or 10.0%. MU3 implementations contributed $14.1 million of Acute Care EHR non-recurring revenue during 2018, relatively flat compared to $14.2 million during 2017. New system implementation revenues decreased by $2.4 million, as we installed our Acute Care EHR solutions at twenty-six new hospital clients during 2018 (three under a SaaS arrangement, under which the related costs are all captured in the period of the installation with the resulting revenue recognized ratably over the contractual term as the services are provided), compared to twenty-nine new hospital clients during 2017 (three under a SaaS arrangement). There was also a decrease of $2.7 million in non-MU3 related add-on sales in 2018 as a result of the Company's and clients' emphasis on MU3 certification prior to the October 1, 2019 deadline. Non-recurring Post-acute Care EHR revenues decreased by $0.3 million in 2018, or 8%, as a result of slower new installation bookings in late 2017 and 2018 due to aggressive competition. Our efforts to make technological improvements to the AHT product line have resulted in increased bookings and installations during the later half of 2018.
Recurring system sales and support revenues decreased $2.6 million, or 2%, during 2018. Acute Care EHR recurring revenues decreased by $1.1 million, or 1%, as a result of less aggresive pursuit of annual support price increases for the existing customer base to ease the impact of MU3 implementation, coupled with attrition primarily from the Centriq customer base, which has outweighed new customer growth. Post-acute Care EHR recurring revenues decreased by $1.5 million, or 8%, due to attrition attributed to the aforementioned aggressive competitive environment.
TruBridge revenues increased 13%, or $11.6 million, in 2018 compared to 2017. Our hospital clients operate in an environment typified by rising costs and increased complexity and are increasingly seeking to alleviate themselves of the ever-increasing administrative burden of operating their own business office functions. Most notably, an expanded customer base for our accounts receivable management services resulted in increased revenues of $8.8 million, or 34%, and for our medical coding services resulted in increased revenues of $3.0 million, or 49%, compared to 2017. Our managed IT services also increased by $0.7 million, or 7%, primarily due to cloud computing services growth. Our insurance services revenues increased by $0.8 million compared to 2017 due to a growing customer base for the TruBridge RCM software. These increases were partially offset by a $1.7 million, or 42%, decrease in consulting services revenues as consulting opportunities related to Thrive software add-on sales have decreased and medical coding initiatives have been completed.
Costs of Sales. Total costs of sales increased by 1%, or $1.0 million, in 2018 compared to 2017. As a percentage of total revenues, costs of sales were 47% in 2017 and 2018.
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Costs of Acute Care EHR system sales and support decreased by $2.7 million, or 4%, compared to 2017, primarily due to a $1.1 million, or 21%, decrease in equipment costs (which are minimal for MU3 implementations), and decreased travel costs of $1.9 million, or 29%, due to improved implementation techniques, partially offset by a $1.2 million, or 11%, increase in third-party software costs, primarily due to fees for use of CPT codes implemented by the AMA during 2018 that are passed to the customer. The dual effect of decreased revenues and these beneficial cost improvements resulted in the gross margin on Acute Care EHR system sales and support remaining steady at 56% for 2017 and 2018.
Costs of Post-acute Care EHR system sales and support decreased by $1.3 million, or 18%, in 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to reduced payroll costs of $0.8 million, or 19%, as the realization of HHI integration synergies over the trailing twelve months has resulted in reduced headcount. Third-party software costs, hardware costs, and travel costs decreased by a total of $0.5 million due to the decreased installation volume mentioned above. The gross margin on Post-acute Care EHR system sales and support increased to 72% for 2018, compared to 69% for 2017.
Our costs associated with TruBridge increased 10%, or $5.1 million in 2018, with the largest contributing factor being an increase in payroll and related costs of 20%, or $6.4 million, as a result of adding more employees during the trailing twelve months in order to support and develop our growing customer base. Increased payroll was partially offset by an approximate $1.8 million decrease in cloud hosting costs primarily as a result of vendor consolidation during the fourth quarter of 2017 for cloud services provided to the HHI customer base. The gross margin on these services increased to 45% in 2018 compared to 44% in 2017.
Product Development. Product development expenses consist primarily of compensation and other employee-related costs (including stock-based compensation) and infrastructure costs incurred, but not capitalized, for new product development and product enhancements. Product development expenses increased 8%, or $2.6 million, in 2018 compared to 2017, as a result of increased headcount dedicated to functionality additions and enhancements across the product lines, as well as integration across product lines.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses decreased 7%, or $2.3 million, in 2018 compared to 2017, primarily due to a 8%, or $1.0 million, reduction in payroll costs attributed to lower headcount and a $1.3 million decrease in commission costs primarily due to lower EHR non-recurring revenue generated.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased 1%, or $0.4 million, in 2018 compared to 2017, primarily due to increases in stock compensation of $1.3 million, legal and accounting costs of $0.5 million, and employee health costs of $0.3 million. These increases were partially offset by a $1.2 million decrease in voluntary severance program expense and a $0.6 million decrease in depreciation expense compared to 2017.
Amortization of Acquisition-Related Intangibles. Amortization expense associated with acquisition-related intangible assets increased $0.1 million in 2018 compared to 2017 due to the retirement of Rycan related trademarks, for which the estimated useful life of the Rycan trademark was reduced and ended during 2018. All software and services previously provided under the Rycan name now are marketed under TruBridge trademarks.
Goodwill Impairment. There was not a goodwill impairment during 2018. During 2017, we recorded a goodwill impairment of $28.0 million against our post-acute care EHR reporting unit. The cumulation of events, including anticipated attrition of significant customer accounts and a product development acceleration investment plan in our post-acute care EHR software, triggered management to re-assess future discounted cash flow projections for the post-acute care EHR reporting unit.
Total Operating Expenses. As a percentage of total revenues, total operating expenses decreased to 45% in 2018, compared to 55% in 2017.
Total Other Income (Expense). Total other income (expense) decreased from expense of $8.7 million during 2017 to expense of $6.8 million during 2018, primarily due to the $1.3 million loss on extinguishment of debt incurred during 2017. In addition, our reduction in debt, plus our improved leverage ratio which resulted in more favorable interest rates on our long-term debt, reduced our debt interest expense in 2018. Our interest income increased by $0.4 million due to the expansion of long-term payment plans offered to our clients.
Income Before Taxes. As a result of the foregoing factors, income before taxes increased to $18.1 million in 2018, compared to a loss of $13.5 million in 2017.
Provision for Income Taxes. Our effective income tax rates for 2018 and 2017 were 3% and (29)%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for 2018 was impacted by the reduction in our corporate federal tax rate from 35% to 21% effective at the beginning of 2018. In addition, our implementation of ASC 730 Safe Harbor Directive has significantly increased our estimated
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R&D tax credits for the 2017 and 2018 tax years, resulting in a further decrease in our effective rate for 2018. The effective tax rate for 2017 was significantly impacted by tax shortfalls related to stock-based compensation resulting from the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the non-deductible nature of our goodwill impairment charges, and the effect of tax reform legislation.
Net Income (loss). Net income (loss) for 2018 increased by $35.0 million to a net income of $17.6 million, or $1.26 per basic and diluted share, compared with a loss of $17.4 million, or $1.27 per basic and diluted share, for 2017. The goodwill impairment expense inclusive in the 2017 loss resulted in a negative impact of $28.0 million ($2.09 per share).
2017 Compared to 2016
Revenues. Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased 4%, or $9.7 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2016.
System sales and support revenues, consisting of the Acute Care EHR and Post-acute Care EHR segments, increased by 1%, or $2.6 million, from the year ended December 31, 2016. System sales and support revenues were comprised of the following for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||
Recurring system sales and support revenues (1) | |||||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | $ | 113,056 | $ | 117,482 | |||||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | 20,122 | 20,082 | |||||||||
| Total recurring system sales and support revenues | 133,178 | 137,564 | |||||||||
Non-recurring system sales and support revenues (2) | |||||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | 51,172 | 41,664 | |||||||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | 3,911 | 6,437 | |||||||||
| Total non-recurring system sales and support revenues | 55,083 | 48,101 | |||||||||
| Total system sales and support revenue | $ | 188,261 | $ | 185,665 | |||||||
(1) Mostly comprised of support and maintenance, third-party subscriptions, and SaaS revenues. | |||||||||||
(2) Mostly comprised of installation revenues from the sale of our acute and post-acute care EHR solutions and related applications under a perpetual (non-subscription) licensing model. | |||||||||||
Nonrecurring Acute Care EHR system sales and support revenues increased $9.5 million, or 23%, primarily as Evident's new installations and add-on volumes increased by $10.5 million, or 34%, partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in Healthland's nonrecurring revenue. Related to Evident's new system installation volumes, we went live with our Thrive EHR solution at twenty-nine new hospital clients during 2017 (three of which were under a Cloud EHR arrangement) compared to twenty-one new hospital clients during 2016 (five of which were under a Cloud EHR arrangement), with a resulting revenue increase of $2.4 million. Evident's add-on sales increased $8.1 million due to installations related to meaningful use stage three compliance. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in nonrecurring Post-acute Care EHR revenues of $2.5 million, or 39%, compared with 2016, as a result of slowing new installation bookings due to aggressive competition and the need for technological improvement in the AHT products.
Recurring Acute Care EHR system sales and support revenues decreased $4.4 million, or 4%. Our recently acquired Healthland customer base contains a heavy concentration of calendar year-end support and maintenance renewal terms. As a result, the majority of the revenue impact related to Healthland attrition through 2016 customer support terminations did not materialize until 2017. Post-acute Care EHR recurring revenues remained relatively flat compared to 2016.
TruBridge revenues increased 9%, or $7.1 million, from 2016. Our hospital customers operate in an environment typified by rising costs and increased complexity and are increasingly seeking to alleviate themselves of the ever-increasing administrative burden of operating their own business office functions, resulting in an expanded customer base for our accounts receivable management services (increasing 11%, or $2.6 million). Our insurance services revenues increased 9%, or $1.6 million, as our 2016 acquisition of HHI exposed Rycan’s solutions to a broader and more robust sales channel. Our IT managed services revenues have increased 14%, or $1.3 million, as we continue to see increasing demand for remote hosting for our acute and post-acute care EHR solutions. Our medical coding services have increased 60%, or $2.3 million, as new key
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customers have been added. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in nonrecurring consulting services of $0.6 million, or 15%.
Costs of Sales. Total costs of sales decreased by 3%, or $3.9 million, from 2016. As a percentage of total revenues, costs of sales decreased from 50% in 2016 to 47% in 2017.
Costs of Acute Care EHR system sales and support decreased by 7%, or $5.7 million, from 2016 primarily due to the realization of planned HHI acquisition synergies over the past two years, coupled with expected declining Healthland installation volumes. As a result, the gross margin on Acute Care EHR system sales and support increased to 56% in 2017 from 51% in 2016.
Costs of Post-acute Care EHR system sales and support decreased by 22%, or $2.1 million, from 2016, primarily due to decreased payroll costs of $1.2 million, or 22%, as the realization of HHI acquisition synergies over the trailing twelve months have resulted in a decrease in associated headcount. Third party software costs, hardware costs, and travel costs decreased by a total of $0.9 million due to the decreased installation volume mentioned above. The gross margin on Post-acute Care EHR systems sales and support increased to 69% in 2017, from 64% in 2016.
Our costs of sales associated with TruBridge increased 9%, or $4.0 million, in 2017 with the largest contributing factor being an increase in payroll and related costs of 14%, or $4.0 million, as a result of adding more employees during the trailing twelve months in order to support and develop our growing customer base and increase capacity in advance of anticipated future increases in demand. The gross margin on these services remained flat at 44% in 2017 and 2016.
Product Development Costs. Product development costs consist primarily of compensation and other employee-related costs (including stock-based compensation) and infrastructure costs incurred, but not capitalized, for new product development and product enhancements. Product development costs increased 16%, or $4.6 million, from 2016, as a result of increased headcount dedicated to functionality additions and enhancements across the product lines, as well as integration across product lines.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. Sales and marketing expense increased 21%, or $5.8 million, from 2016, with the largest contributing factor being a $4.9 million increase in commission expense resulting from the aforementioned increase in Evident’s new system implementation and add-on volumes, including Cloud EHR arrangements and related revenues and continued bookings growth for TruBridge.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased 11%, or $6.0 million, from 2016, primarily due to $8.2 million in HHI transaction costs during 2016 with none in 2017. This decrease was partially offset by an increase of $0.4 million in employee health claims, a $0.6 million increase in stock compensation, and a $1.2 million increase in bad debt expense, as our exposure to financially distressed clients increased during 2017, resulting in increased customer-specific reserves. The proliferation of customer financing has greatly increased our balance sheet risk, necessitating an increase in related general reserves.
Amortization of Acquisition-Related Intangibles. Amortization expense associated with acquisition-related intangible assets increased $0.2 million due to the HHI acquisition taking place in January 2016; therefore, a full year of amortization did not occur during 2016.
Goodwill Impairment. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the cumulation of events, including anticipated attrition of significant customer accounts and a product development acceleration investment plan in our Post-acute Care EHR software, triggered management to re-assess future discounted cash flow projections for the Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit. A goodwill impairment of $28.0 million was recorded against our Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit as of December 31, 2017. There was not an impairment during 2016.
Total Operating Expenses. As a percentage of total revenues, total operating expenses increased to 55% in 2017 compared to 45% in 2016. Excluding the aforementioned non-cash $28.0 million goodwill impairment expense, as a percentage of total revenues, total operating expenses remained flat at 45% in 2017 and 2016.
Total Other Income (Expense). Total other expense increased from an expense of $6.4 million during 2016 to an expense of $8.7 million during 2017, as we recognized a $1.3 million loss on extinguishment of debt. We partially expensed the
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capitalized loan fees associated with our Credit Facilities, which were refinanced during 2017. In addition, market conditions in 2017 have resulted in increased interest rates paid on our variable-rate debt obligations.
Income (loss) Before Taxes. As a result of the foregoing factors, income before taxes decreased by 269%, or $21.5 million, from 2016.
Provision for Income Taxes. Our effective income tax rates for 2017 and 2016 were (29)% and 51%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2017 was significantly impacted by tax shortfalls related to stock-based compensation resulting from our adoption of ASU 2016-09, the non-deductible nature of our goodwill impairment charges, and the effect of recent tax reform legislation. These three factors combined for a net $8.8 million expense during 2017, impacting the period's effective tax rate by approximately 65%. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 was uncharacteristically high, primarily due to permanent non-deductible acquisition transaction costs of $3.8 million.
Net Income (loss). Net income (loss) for 2017 decreased by $21.3 million to a net loss of $17.4 million, or $1.27 loss per basic and diluted share, compared with net income of $3.9 million, or $0.29 per basic and diluted share, for 2016. Net loss represented 6% of revenue for 2017, compared to net income representing 2% of revenue for 2016.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
As of December 31, 2018, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $5.7 million and our remaining borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility of $20.3 million, compared to $0.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and $17.0 million of remaining borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2017. In conjunction with our acquisition of HHI in January 2016, we entered into a syndicated credit agreement with Regions Bank which provided for a $125 million term loan facility and a $50 million revolving credit facility. On October 13, 2017, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to refinance and decrease the aggregate principal amount of the credit facilities from $175 million to $162 million, which included a $117 million term loan facility and a $45 million revolving credit facility. On February 8, 2018, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to increase the aggregate principal amount of the credit facilities from $162 million to $167 million, which includes a $117 million term loan facility and a $50 million revolving credit facility.
As of December 31, 2018, we had $132.1 million in principal amount of indebtedness outstanding under our credit facilities. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents of $5.7 million as of December 31, 2018, the future operating cash flows of the combined entity, and our remaining borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility of $20.3 million as of December 31, 2018, taken together, provide adequate resources to fund ongoing cash requirements for the next twelve months. We cannot provide assurance that our actual cash requirements will not be greater than we expect as of the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If sources of liquidity are not available or if we cannot generate sufficient cash flow from operations during the next twelve months, we may be required to obtain additional sources of funds through additional operational improvements, capital market transactions, asset sales or financing from third parties, a combination thereof or otherwise. We cannot provide assurance that these additional sources of funds will be available or, if available, would have reasonable terms.
Operating Cash Flow Activities
2018 Compared to 2017. Net cash provided by operating activities increased slightly by $0.3 million, from $23.6 million provided by operations for 2017 to $23.9 million provided by operations for 2018. The increase is primarily due to net income, exclusive of non-cash goodwill impairment charges, which increased $7.0 million, mostly offset by less cash-advantageous changes in working capital. Working capital was a net use of cash during 2018 in the amount of $18.9 million compared to a net use during 2017 of $13.8 million, mostly as cash flow headwinds related to growth in accounts receivable and financing receivables were more than offset by the timing of vendor, payroll and tax payments. Our system sales revenues are now weighted more heavily in the form of financed sales, compared to upfront and subscription payment models. This increase in financing arrangements during 2018 and 2017 is primarily due to two reasons. First, meaningful use stage three ("MU3") installations are primarily financed through short-term payment plans and demand for such installations has increased since late 2017. Second, competitor financing options, primarily through accounts receivables management collections and cloud EHR arrangements, have applied pressure to reduce initial customer capital investment requirements for new EHR installations, leading to the offering of long-term lease options. During 2018, increases in financing receivables were partially offset by cash receipts related to MU3 installations completed during late 2017 and 2018.
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2017 Compared to 2016. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $21.5 million, from $2.1 million provided by operations for 2016 to $23.6 million provided by operations for 2017. This increase is primarily due to net income, exclusive of non-cash goodwill impairment charges, which increased by $6.7 million, and cash-advantageous changes in working capital. During 2016, we invested heavily in improving the working capital of the HHI entities post-acquisition in order to normalize the aging of vendor payables and improve acquired vendor relationships, resulting in a combined cash outflow related to changes in accounts payable and other liabilities of $12.8 million during 2016. Comparatively, the timing of vendor payments during 2017 resulted in expansion of these liabilities and a resulting benefit to cash flows of $6.8 million, for a total beneficial swing in cash flows from these working capital components of $19.7 million.
Additionally, our acquisition of HHI in January 2016 included significant deferred revenue balances, the amortization of which benefited revenues during 2016 with no corresponding cash benefit. Conversely, deferred revenue balances grew during 2017 due to a high volume of advance billings for third party subscriptions, providing cash benefits with no related revenue impact. These deferred revenue dynamics alone resulted in a $16.5 million improvement in cash flows as displayed in the consolidated statement of cash flows.
These cash flow improvements have been partially offset by an increasing level of customer financing arrangements for the purchase of our EHR systems. During 2017 financing receivables expanded by $17.3 million compared to a $1.5 million contraction during 2016.
Investing Cash Flow Activities
2018 Compared to 2017. Net cash used in investing activities increased slightly with $1.0 million used in 2018 compared to $0.7 million used during 2017.
2017 Compared to 2016. Net cash used in investing activities decreased to $0.7 million in 2017 from $151.8 million used during 2016. We utilized cash (net of cash acquired) of $162.6 million for the acquisition of HHI during 2016, partially offset by sales of investments in available-for-sale securities of $10.9 million during this period.
Financing Cash Flow Activities
2018 Compared to 2017. During 2018, our financing activities used net cash of $17.7 million, as we paid a net $11.4 million in long-term debt principal and declared and paid dividends in the amount of $5.6 million. During 2018, we made a $7.3 million prepayment on our term loan facility by drawing down on our revolving credit facility, in accordance with the excess cash flow mandatory prepayment requirements of our credit agreement. We expect to make a $7.0 million prepayment during 2019 in accordance with the excess cash flow mandatory prepayment requirements of our credit agreement. Financing cash flow activities used $24.6 million during 2017, primarily due to $12.1 million net paid in long-term debt principal and $11.6 million cash paid in dividends. The decrease in dividends paid was a result of moving to a fixed dividend policy during 2017.
We believe that paying dividends is an effective way of providing an investment return to our stockholders and a beneficial use of our cash. However, the declaration of dividends by CPSI is subject to compliance with the terms of our credit agreement and the discretion of our Board of Directors, which may decide to change or terminate the Company's dividend policy at any time. Our Board of Directors will continue to take into account such matters as general business conditions, capital needs, our financial results and such other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant.
2017 Compared to 2016. During 2017, our financing activities used net cash of $24.6 million, as we paid $12.8 million in long term debt and capital lease principal and we declared and paid dividends in the amount of $11.6 million. Financing cash flow activities provided $127.0 million during 2016, primarily due to the proceeds of the aforementioned credit facility of $156.4 million partially offset by $25.1 million cash paid in dividends.
Credit Agreement
As of December 31, 2018, we had $102.4 million in principal amount outstanding under our term loan facility and $29.7 million in principal amount outstanding under our revolving credit facility. Each of our credit facilities continues to bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an applicable margin plus, at our option, either (1) the Adjusted LIBOR rate for the relevant interest period, (2) an alternate base rate determined by reference to the greater of (a) the prime lending rate of Regions, (b) the federal funds rate for the relevant interest period plus one half of one percent per annum and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus one percent per annum, or (3) a combination of (1) and (2). The applicable margin range for LIBOR loans and the letter of credit fee ranges from 2.0% to 3.5%. The applicable margin range for base rate loans ranges from 1.0% to 2.5%, in each case based on the Company's consolidated leverage ratio.
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Principal payments with respect to the term loan facility are due on the last day of each fiscal quarter beginning December 31, 2017, with quarterly principal payments of approximately $1.46 million through September 30, 2019, approximately $2.19 million through September 30, 2021 and approximately $2.93 million through September 30. 2022, with maturity on October 13, 2022 or such earlier date as the obligations under our credit agreement become due and payable pursuant to the terms of our credit agreement. Any principal outstanding under our revolving credit facility is due and payable on the amended maturity date.
Our credit facilities are secured pursuant to a Pledge and Security Agreement, dated January 8, 2016, among the parties identified as obligors therein and Regions, as collateral agent, on a first priority basis by a security interest in substantially all of the tangible and intangible assets (subject to certain exceptions) of the Company and certain subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), including certain registered intellectual property and the capital stock of certain of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries. Our obligations under our credit agreement are also guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors.
The credit agreement, as amended by the Third Amendment, provides incremental facility capacity of $50 million, subject to certain conditions. The credit agreement includes a number of restrictive covenants that, among other things and in each case subject to certain exceptions and baskets, impose operating and financial restrictions on the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, including the ability to incur additional debt; incur liens and encumbrances; make certain restricted payments, including paying dividends on the Company's equity securities or payments to redeem, repurchase or retire the Company's equity securities (which are subject to our compliance, on a pro forma basis to give effect to the restricted payment, with the fixed charge coverage ratio and consolidated leverage ratio described below); enter into certain restrictive agreements; make investments, loans and acquisitions; merge or consolidate with any other person; dispose of assets; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with affiliates; and materially alter the business we conduct. The credit agreement requires the Company to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25:1.00 throughout the duration of such agreement. Under the credit agreement, the Company is required to comply with a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.95:1.00 through December 31, 2017 and 3.50:1.00 from January 1, 2018 and thereafter. The credit agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default. We believe that we were in compliance with the covenants contained in the credit agreement as of December 31, 2018.
The credit agreement requires the Company to mandatorily prepay our credit facilities with (i) 75% of excess cash flow (minus certain specified other payments) during each of the fiscal years ending December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018 and (ii) 50% of excess cash flow (minus certain specified other payments) during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter. The Company is permitted to voluntarily prepay the credit facilities at any time without penalty, subject to customary “breakage” costs with respect to prepayments of LIBOR rate loans made on a day other than the last day of any applicable interest period. The excess cash flow mandatory prepayment requirement under the credit agreement resulted in a $7.3 million prepayment on term loan facility during the first quarter of 2018 related to excess cash flow generated by the Company during 2017. This mandatory prepayment was funded by drawing down on our revolving credit facility, as excess cash flow generated by the Company during 2017 was primarily used to voluntarily prepay amounts due under our revolving credit Facility.
Bookings
Bookings is a key operational metric used by management to assess the relative success of our sales generation efforts, and were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively:
| (in thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
System sales and support (1) | ||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | $ | 58,924 | $ | 72,673 | ||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | 3,840 | 4,809 | ||||||
| Total system sales and support | 62,764 | 77,482 | ||||||
TruBridge (2) | 25,244 | 31,435 | ||||||
| Total bookings | $ | 88,008 | $ | 108,917 | ||||
(1) Generally calculated as the total contract price (for system sales) and annualized contract value (for support). | ||||||||
(2) Generally calculated as the total contract price (for non-recurring, project-related amounts) and annualized contract value (for recurring amounts). | ||||||||
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Acute Care EHR bookings in 2018 decreased by $13.7 million, or 19%, compared to 2017, mostly due to the demand dynamics related to the Company's MU3 software applications. Bookings during 2017 were heavily influenced by the then-deadline of January 1, 2018 for hospital compliance with the MU3 rules. Since that time, CMS adopted rules in August 2018 that effectively delayed the deadline for compliance to October 1, 2019. While we do not believe these events significantly alter the total opportunity presented by MU3, it has impacted our periodic bookings results by naturally extending the sales cycle.
Post-acute Care EHR bookings in 2018 decreased by $1.0 million, or 20%, compared to 2017. New business opportunities for this segment, which consist solely of the operations of AHT, have suffered as a result of increased competition and underinvestment in AHT's product offerings (particularly prior to our acquisition of AHT as part of the January 2016 acquisition of HHI), making functionality and usability comparisons less favorable for AHT. Although management has formulated a strategy and enacted steps to improve the related product functionality and usability and is confident that such measures will translate into improved future bookings performance (and, eventually, revenue growth), there can be no guarantee that this strategy will be successful. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the anticipated attrition of significant customer accounts and a product development acceleration investment plan in our Post-acute Care EHR software led management to record a goodwill impairment of $28.0 million against our Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit as of December 31, 2017.
We continue to execute on our TruBridge strategy by moving up-market and targeting larger healthcare facilities while expanding the scope of our relationships with new and existing clients by increasing revenue-generating touchpoints within those facilities. Our initial success in that endeavor has resulted in bookings volatility as our periodic bookings are heavily influenced by low-volume, high-value deals. Such large, enterprise client wins resulted in TruBridge bookings for 2017 that were the highest in TruBridge history. Absent any such large, enterprise client wins during 2018, TruBridge bookings experienced a normalization that resulted in a decrease of $6.2 million, or 20%, from 2017. We continue to see demand for TruBridge's products and services that alleviate administrative burden on our clients and allow them to take advantage of our specialized capabilities. Particularly strong demand exists for TruBridge's accounts receivable management and medical coding services.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We had no off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by Item 303(a)(4) of SEC Regulation S-K, as of December 31, 2018.
The Company has other lease rights and obligations that it accounts for as operating leases that may be reclassified as balance sheet arrangements under accounting pronouncements recently finalized by the FASB.
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2018, our material obligations requiring payments in the future are set forth below to reflect (i) our real estate lease obligations (ii) our capital lease obligations, and (iii) the Company’s debt obligations under our credit facilities in connection with the Company’s acquisition of HHI and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and related interest payments as follows:
| Payment due by period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | More than 5 Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | $ | 7,685 | $ | 1,482 | $ | 1,957 | $ | 1,731 | $ | 2,515 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital lease obligations | 250 | 250 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt obligations | 132,125 | 6,581 | 18,281 | 107,263 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest on debt obligations | 22,838 | 6,746 | 12,119 | 3,973 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total contractual obligations | $ | 162,898 | $ | 15,059 | $ | 32,357 | $ | 112,967 | $ | 2,515 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest on debt obligations for floating rate instruments, as calculated above, assumes rates in effect at December 31, 2018 remain constant.
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Critical Accounting Policies
General. Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We are required to make some estimates and judgments that affect the preparation of these financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, but actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Revenue Recognition. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products and services. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. The Company employs the 5-step revenue recognition model under ASC 606 to: (1) identify the contract with the client, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.
Revenue is recognized net of shipping charges and any taxes collected from clients, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
System Sales and Support
The Company enters into contractual obligations to sell perpetual software licenses, installation, conversion and related training services, hardware and software application support, and hardware maintenance services to acute care and post-acute care community hospitals.
•Non-recurring Revenues
•Perpetual software licenses and installation, conversion, and related training services are not considered separate and distinct performance obligations due to the proprietary nature of our software and are, therefore, accounted for as a single performance obligation on a module-by-module basis. Revenue is recognized as each module's implementation is completed based on the module's stand-alone selling price ("SSP"), net of discounts. Fees for licenses and installation, conversion, and related training services are typically due in three installments: (1) at placement of order, (2) upon installation of software and commencement of training, and (3) upon satisfactory completion of monthly accounting cycle or end-of-month operation by application and as applicable for each application. Often, short-term and/or long-term financing arrangements are provided for software implementations; refer to Note 10 - Financing Receivables for further information. Electronic health records ("EHR") implementations include a system warranty that terminates thirty days from the software go-live date, the date which the client begins using the system in a live environment.
•Hardware revenue is recognized separately from software licenses at the point in time it is delivered to the client. The SSP of hardware is cost plus a reasonable margin. Payment is generally due upon delivery of the hardware to the client. Standard manufacturer warranties apply to hardware.
•Recurring Revenues
•Software application support and hardware maintenance services sold with software licenses and hardware are separate and distinct performance obligations. Revenue for support and maintenance services is recognized based on SSP, which is the renewal price, ratably over the life of the contract, which is generally three to five years. Payment is due monthly for support services provided.
•Subscriptions to third party content revenue is recognized as a separate performance obligation ratably over the subscription term based on SSP, which is cost plus a reasonable margin. Payment is due monthly for subscriptions to third party content.
•Software as a Service ("SaaS") arrangements for EHR software and related conversion and training services are considered a single performance obligation. Revenue is recognized on a monthly basis as the SaaS service is provided to the client over the contract term. Payment is due monthly for SaaS services provided.
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TruBridge
TruBridge provides an array of business processing services ("BPS") consisting of accounts receivable management, private pay services, insurance services, medical coding, electronic billing, statement processing, payroll processing, and contract management. Fees are recognized over the period of the client contractual relationship as the services are performed based on the SSP, net of discounts. Fees for many of these services are invoiced, and revenue recognized accordingly, based on the volume of transactions or a percentage of client accounts receivable collections. Payment is due monthly for BPS with certain amounts varying based on utilization and/or volumes.
TruBridge also provides professional IT services. Revenue from professional IT services is recognized as the services are performed based on SSP. Payment is due monthly as services are performed.
Our contracts with clients often include promises to transfer multiple products and services. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment.
Judgment is required to determine SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We use observable SSP for items that are sold on a stand-alone basis to similarly situated clients at unit prices within a sufficiently narrow range. For performance obligations that are sold to different clients for a broad range of amounts, or for performance obligations that are never sold on a stand-alone basis, the residual method in determining SSP is applied and requires significant judgment.
Allocating the transaction price, including estimating SSP of promised goods and services for contracts with discounts or variable consideration, may require significant judgment. Due to the short time frame of the implementation cycle, discount allocation is immaterial as revenue is recognized net of discounts within the same reporting period. In scenarios where the Company enters into a contract that includes both a software license and BPS or other services that are charged based on volume of services rendered, the Company allocates variable amounts entirely to a distinct good or service. The terms of the variable payment relate specifically to the entity’s efforts to satisfy that performance obligation.
Although we believe that our approach to estimates and judgments regarding revenue recognition is reasonable, actual results could differ and we may be exposed to increases or decreases in revenue that could be material.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. The collectability of trade receivable balances is regularly evaluated based on a combination of factors such as customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends and changes in customer payment patterns, resulting in the establishment of general reserves. Additionally, if it is determined that a customer will be unable to fully meet its financial obligation, such as in the case of a bankruptcy filing or other material event impacting its business, a specific allowance for doubtful accounts may be recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered.
Although we believe that our approach to estimates and judgments regarding our allowance for doubtful accounts is reasonable, actual results could differ and we may be exposed to increases or decreases in required allowances that could be material.
Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company has sold information and patient care systems to certain healthcare providers under short-term payment plans and sales-type leases. The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses for these financing receivables based on the historical level of customer defaults under such financing arrangements. Additionally, if it is determined that a customer will be unable to meet its financial obligation, such as in the case of a bankruptcy filing or other material event impacting its business, a specific allowances may be recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered. Reference is made to Note 10 to the financial statements for further information about our financing receivables.
Although we believe that that our approach to estimates and judgments regarding our allowance for credit losses is reasonable, actual results could differ and we may be exposed to increases or decreases in required allowances that could be material.
Estimates. The Company uses estimates to record certain transactions and liabilities. These estimates are generally based on management’s best judgment, past experience, and utilization of third party services such as actuarial and other expert services. Because these estimates are subjective and variable, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates.
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Significant estimates included in our financial statements include those for self-insurance reserves under our health insurance plan, reserves for uncertain tax positions, bad debt and credit allowances, legal liability exposure or lack thereof, and accrued expenses.
Business combinations, including purchased intangible assets. The Company accounts for business combinations at fair value. Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in general and administrative expenses. Measurement period adjustments relate to adjustments to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on information that we should have known at the time of acquisition. All changes to purchase accounting that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments are included in current period earnings.
The fair value amount assigned to an intangible asset is based on an exit price from a market participant’s viewpoint, and utilizes data such as discounted cash flow analysis and replacement cost models. We review acquired intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.
Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. We test annually for impairment as of October 1.
As part of our annual goodwill impairment test, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we conduct a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment. The first step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2017, which eliminates the second step of the goodwill impairment analysis. Therefore, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value in the first step of the goodwill impairment test, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, the goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered to be impaired.
Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets and the fair value of the reporting unit during goodwill impairment tests include, but are not limited to, identifying reporting units, historical and projected customer retention rates, anticipated growth in revenue from the acquired customers, expected future cash outflows, the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets, estimated useful lives of these intangible assets, and a probability-weighted income approach based on scenarios in estimating achievement of operating results.
Significant judgments in testing goodwill for impairment also include assigning assets and liabilities to the reporting unit and determining the fair value of each reporting unit based on management’s best estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques.
Management’s best estimates and assumptions are employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the acquisition date and for each subsequent period.
Future business and economic conditions, as well as differences actually related to any of the assumptions, could materially affect the financial statements through impairment of goodwill or intangible assets, and acceleration of the amortization period of the purchased intangible assets, which are finite-lived assets.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market and Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk relates primarily to the potential change in the British Bankers Association London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). We had $132.1 million of outstanding borrowings under our credit facilities with Regions Bank at December 31, 2018. The term loan facility and revolving credit facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an applicable margin plus (1) the Adjusted LIBOR rate for the relevant interest period, (2) an alternate base rate determined by reference to the greatest of (a) the prime lending rate of Regions, (b) the federal funds rate for the relevant interest period plus one half of one percent per annum and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus one percent per annum, or (3) a combination of (1) and (2). Accordingly, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates on borrowings under our credit facilities. A one hundred basis point change in interest rate on our borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2018 would result in a change in interest expense of approximately $1.3 million annually.
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We did not have investments as of December 31, 2018. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risks.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Reference is made to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of accounting pronouncements that have been recently issued which we have not yet adopted.
| ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | ||||
The information required by this Item is contained in Item 7 herein under the heading "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market and Interest Rate Risk."
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| ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | ||||
Index to Financial Statements
| Page | |||||
Index to Financial Statement Schedules | |||||
| All other schedules to the financial statements required by Article 9 of Regulation S-X are not applicable and therefore have been omitted. | |||||
53
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Computer Programs and Systems, Inc.’s ("CPSI") internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. CPSI’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of CPSI;
(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of CPSI are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of CPSI; and
(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of CPSI’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of CPSI’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).
Based on our assessment and those criteria, management believes that CPSI maintained effective control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.
The independent registered public accounting firm, Grant Thornton LLP, has audited the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, and has also issued its report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting included in this report on page 55.
54
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Computer Programs and Systems, Inc.:
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Computer Programs and Systems, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, and our report dated March 18, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
| /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP | ||
| Atlanta, Georgia | ||
| March 18, 2019 | ||
55
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Computer Programs and Systems, Inc.:
Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Computer Programs and Systems, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated March 18, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
| /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP | ||
| We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004. | ||
| Atlanta, Georgia | ||
| March 18, 2019 | ||
56
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
| December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 5,732 | $ | 520 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,124 and $2,654, respectively | 40,474 | 38,061 | |||||||||
| Financing receivables, current portion, net | 15,059 | 15,055 | |||||||||
| Inventories | 1,498 | 1,417 | |||||||||
| Prepaid income taxes | 2,120 | — | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | 5,055 | 2,824 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 69,938 | 57,877 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 10,875 | 11,692 | |||||||||
| Financing receivables, net of current portion | 19,263 | 11,485 | |||||||||
| Other assets, net of current portion | 995 | — | |||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 86,226 | 96,713 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 140,449 | 140,449 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 327,746 | $ | 318,216 | |||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 5,668 | $ | 7,620 | |||||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 6,486 | 5,820 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 10,201 | 8,707 | |||||||||
| Accrued vacation | 3,929 | 3,794 | |||||||||
| Income taxes payable | — | 810 | |||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | 12,219 | 14,098 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 38,503 | 40,849 | |||||||||
Long-term debt, net of current portion | 124,583 | 136,614 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | 4,877 | 4,667 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | 167,963 | 182,130 | |||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
| Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 30,000 shares authorized; 14,083 and 13,760 shares issued and outstanding | 14 | 14 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 164,793 | 155,078 | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (5,024) | (19,006) | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 159,783 | 136,086 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 327,746 | $ | 318,216 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
57
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||
| Sales revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| System sales and support | $ | 180,164 | $ | 188,261 | $ | 185,665 | |||||||||||
| TruBridge | 100,247 | 88,666 | 81,607 | ||||||||||||||
| Total sales revenues | 280,411 | 276,927 | 267,272 | ||||||||||||||
| Costs of sales (exclusive of amortization shown separately below): | |||||||||||||||||
| System sales and support | 75,984 | 80,018 | 87,882 | ||||||||||||||
| TruBridge | 54,699 | 49,636 | 45,656 | ||||||||||||||
| Total costs of sales | 130,683 | 129,654 | 133,538 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 149,728 | 147,273 | 133,734 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
Product development | 36,371 | 33,737 | 29,095 | ||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 30,713 | 33,021 | 27,194 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 47,275 | 46,923 | 52,888 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles | 10,487 | 10,406 | 10,182 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | 28,000 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 124,846 | 152,087 | 119,359 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 24,882 | (4,814) | 14,375 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||
| Other income | 803 | 407 | 220 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | (1,340) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (7,577) | (7,736) | (6,609) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | (6,774) | (8,669) | (6,389) | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before taxes | 18,108 | (13,483) | 7,986 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 476 | 3,933 | 4,053 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 17,632 | $ | (17,416) | $ | 3,933 | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - basic | $ | 1.26 | $ | (1.27) | $ | .29 | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - diluted | $ | 1.26 | $ | (1.27) | $ | .29 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding used in per common share computations: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 13,561 | 13,419 | 13,255 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 13,568 | 13,419 | 13,255 | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
58
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 17,632 | $ | (17,416) | $ | 3,933 | |||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | |||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized income with realized income on the Statements of Operations | — | — | 38 | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | — | — | 38 | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 17,632 | $ | (17,416) | $ | 3,971 | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
59
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands)
Common Shares | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) | Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2015 | 11,303 | $ | 11 | $ | 44,187 | $ | (38) | $ | 31,206 | $ | 75,366 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | — | 3,933 | 3,933 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in unrealized income with realized income on the Statements of Operations | — | — | — | 38 | — | 38 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued as consideration for acquisition of HHI | 1,974 | 2 | 89,801 | — | — | 89,803 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of options issued as consideration for acquisition of HHI | — | — | 7,213 | — | — | 7,213 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued upon exercise of stock options | 169 | — | 1,134 | — | — | 1,134 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock | 87 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 5,366 | — | — | 5,366 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends | — | — | — | — | (25,093) | (25,093) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excess (deficit) tax benefit from share-based compensation | — | — | 210 | — | — | 210 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2016 | 13,533 | $ | 13 | $ | 147,911 | $ | — | $ | 10,046 | $ | 157,970 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | — | (17,416) | (17,416) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued upon exercise of stock options | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock | 226 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 7,166 | — | — | 7,166 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends | — | — | — | — | (11,636) | (11,636) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2017 | 13,760 | $ | 14 | $ | 155,078 | $ | — | $ | (19,006) | $ | 136,086 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | — | 17,632 | 17,632 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adoption of accounting standards (Note 2) | — | — | — | — | 1,970 | 1,970 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock | 326 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeiture of restricted stock | (3) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 9,715 | — | — | 9,715 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends | — | — | — | — | (5,620) | (5,620) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | 14,083 | $ | 14 | $ | 164,793 | $ | — | $ | (5,024) | $ | 159,783 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
60
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating Activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 17,632 | $ | (17,416) | $ | 3,933 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to net income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for bad debt | 3,176 | 3,421 | 2,259 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred taxes | (364) | 1,421 | 3,672 | ||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation | 9,715 | 7,166 | 5,366 | ||||||||||||||
Excess tax benefit from shared-based compensation | — | — | (210) | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | 1,795 | 2,473 | 3,062 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles | 10,487 | 10,406 | 10,182 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred finance costs | 345 | 645 | 673 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | 28,000 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | 1,340 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities (net of acquired assets and liabilities): | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (3,898) | (7,847) | (3,927) | ||||||||||||||
| Financing receivables | (9,473) | (17,308) | 1,514 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | (81) | 280 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other | 549 | (30) | 1,787 | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | (1,952) | 779 | (5,588) | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 264 | 2,867 | (13,662) | ||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | (1,336) | 6,069 | (7,250) | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid income taxes/income taxes payable | (2,930) | 1,377 | 280 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 23,929 | 23,643 | 2,105 | ||||||||||||||
| Investing Activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (978) | (726) | (39) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of business, net of cash received | — | — | (162,611) | ||||||||||||||
| Sale of investments | — | — | 10,861 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (978) | (726) | (151,789) | ||||||||||||||
| Financing Activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid | (5,620) | (11,636) | (25,092) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from long-term debt | — | — | 121,397 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of long-term debt principal | (13,105) | (6,338) | (3,125) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from revolving line of credit | 7,300 | 777 | 35,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of revolving line of credit | (5,590) | (6,500) | (2,000) | ||||||||||||||
| Payments on capital lease | (315) | (296) | (71) | ||||||||||||||
| Payments of contingent consideration | (409) | (625) | (500) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | — | 1 | 1,134 | ||||||||||||||
| Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation | — | — | 210 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (17,739) | (24,617) | 126,953 | ||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 5,212 | (1,700) | (22,731) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 520 | 2,220 | 24,951 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 5,732 | $ | 520 | $ | 2,220 | |||||||||||
Continued on following page.
61
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - (Continued)
(In thousands)
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | 7,138 | $ | 6,953 | $ | 5,876 | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes, net of refund | $ | 3,771 | $ | 1,134 | $ | 110 | |||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash flow information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of common stock and options issued as consideration for acquisition of HHI | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 97,017 | |||||||||||
| Write-off of fully depreciated assets | $ | 8,244 | $ | 6,049 | $ | 2,769 | |||||||||||
Capital lease obligation | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 933 | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
62
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018
1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Computer Programs and Systems, Inc. ("CPSI" or the "Company") is a healthcare information technology solutions provider which was formed and commenced operations in 1979. The Company provides, on an integrated basis, enterprise-wide clinical management, access management, patient financial management, health information management, strategic decision support, resource planning management and enterprise application integration solutions to healthcare organizations throughout the United States. Additionally, CPSI provides other information technology solutions, including business management services, remote hosting, networking technologies and other related services.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of CPSI include the accounts of TruBridge, LLC ("TruBridge"), Evident, LLC ("Evident"), and Healthland Holding Inc. ("HHI"), all of which are wholly-owned subsidiaries of CPSI. The accounts of HHI include those of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Healthland Inc. ("Healthland"), Rycan Technologies, Inc. ("Rycan"), and American HealthTech, Inc. ("AHT"). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Presentation
Effective January 1, 2018, our interface services team, which provides the design, development, implementation, and support services for all interfaces for data exchange from the CPSI applications and was previously considered a part of our product development division, has been integrated with our acute care client service team. This transition has worked to create a consistent, personal, and convenient service experience for our clients characterized by transparent communication with prompt resolution. With this change, the payroll and related costs of this group of employees that were formerly included within the caption "Product development" on our consolidated statements of operations are now included within the caption "System sales and support - Cost of sales."
This reclassification had no effect on previously reported total sales revenues, operating income (loss), income (loss) before taxes or net income (loss).
Amounts presented for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The following table provides the amounts reclassified for the year ended December 31, 2017:
| (In thousands) | As previously reported | Reclassifications | As reclassified | ||||||||||||||
| Costs of sales: | |||||||||||||||||
| System sales and support | $ | 75,994 | 4,024 | $ | 80,018 | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Product development | $ | 37,761 | (4,024) | $ | 33,737 | ||||||||||||
The following table provides the amounts reclassified for the year ended December 31, 2016:
| (In thousands) | As previously reported | Reclassifications | As reclassified | ||||||||||||||
| Costs of sales: | |||||||||||||||||
| System sales and support | $ | 84,356 | 3,526 | $ | 87,882 | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Product development | $ | 32,621 | (3,526) | $ | 29,095 | ||||||||||||
63
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents can include time deposits and certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less that are highly liquid and readily convertible to a known amount of cash. These assets are stated at cost, which approximates market value, due to their short duration or liquid nature.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. The Company establishes a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on collections history. In the case of a bankruptcy filing or other similar event indicating the collectability of specific customer accounts is no longer probable, a specific allowance for doubtful accounts may be recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered.
Financing Receivables
Financing receivables are comprised of short-term payment plans and sales-type leases. Short-term payment plans are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. Sales-type leases are initially recorded at the present value of the related minimum lease payments, computed at the interest rate implicit in the lease, and are presented net of unearned income. Unearned income is amortized over the lease term to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease (the interest method).
An allowance for credit losses has been established for our financing receivables based on the historical level of customer defaults under such arrangements. In the case of a bankruptcy filing or other similar event indicating the collectability of specific customer accounts is no longer probable, a specific reserve may be recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered. Customer payments are considered past due if a scheduled payment is not received within contractually agreed upon terms, with amounts reclassified to accounts receivable when they become due. As a result, we evaluate the credit quality of our financing receivables on an ongoing basis utilizing an aging of receivables and write-offs, customer collection experience, the customer’s financial condition and known risk characteristics impacting the respective customer base, as well as existing economic conditions, to determine if any further allowance is necessary. Amounts are specifically charged off once all available means of collection have been exhausted.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value using the average cost method. The Company’s inventories are comprised of computer equipment, forms and supplies. For cash flow presentation, inventory used by the Company and capitalized as property and equipment is shown as a change in inventory.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements to property and equipment that materially increase productive capacity or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or other disposition of such assets, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations.
Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the asset’s useful life, which is generally 5 years for computer equipment, furniture, and fixtures and 30 years for buildings. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining lease term. The Company reviews for the possible impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Depreciation expense is reported in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of costs of sales and operating expenses.
Business Combinations
We apply business combination accounting when we acquire a business. Business combinations are accounted for at fair value. The associated acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in general and administrative expenses; restructuring costs associated with a business combination are expenses; contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date, with changes in fair value after the acquisition date affecting earnings; changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the measurement period affect income tax expense; and goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration conveyed in the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The accounting for business combinations requires estimates and judgments as to expectations for future
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cash flows of the acquired business, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets, in determining the estimated fair value for assets and liabilities acquired. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, are based on management's estimates and assumptions, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in these estimates, the amounts recorded in the financial statements could result in a possible impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill, or require acceleration of the amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets. The results of the acquired businesses' operations are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations of the combined entity beginning on the date of the acquisition. We have applied this acquisition method to the transactions described in Note 3 - Business Combination.
Goodwill
Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. We test annually for impairment as of October 1.
As part of our annual goodwill impairment test, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we conduct a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment. The first step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Company early adopted Accounting Standards Update 2017-04 on January 1, 2017, which eliminates the second step of the goodwill impairment analysis. Therefore, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value in the first step of the goodwill impairment test, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, the goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered to be impaired.
We did not identify any events or circumstances that would require interim goodwill impairment testing prior to October 1, 2017. Based on our assessment as of October 1, 2017, we determined that there was no impairment of goodwill for our Acute Care EHR and TruBridge reporting units. We also determined as of October 1, 2017, that it was more likely than not that we did not have an impairment of our Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the cumulation of events, including anticipated attrition of significant post-acute customer accounts and a product development acceleration plan for our post-acute EHR software, triggered management to re-assess future discounted cash flow projections incorporated in the October 1, 2017 annual assessment to include updated assumptions for the aforementioned fourth quarter events impacting the Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit. The result of our fair value assessment, which applied a combination of the income and market valuation approach, measured the reporting unit's fair value less than the reporting unit's carrying value. A goodwill impairment of $28.0 million was recorded against our Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit for the year ended December 31, 2017. We determined there was no impairment to goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Purchased Intangible Assets
Purchased intangible assets are acquired in connection with a business acquisition, and are amortized over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern of economic benefit expected from each asset. We concluded for certain purchased intangible assets that the pattern of economic benefit approximated the straight-line method, and therefore, the use of the straight-line method was appropriate, as the majority of the cash flows will be recognized ratably over the estimated useful lives and there is no degradation of the cash flows over time.
We assess the recoverability of intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the undiscounted sum of cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the asset is not recoverable, the impairment loss is measured by the excess of the asset's carrying amount over its fair value.
During the fourth quarter of 2017, the cumulation of events, including anticipated attrition of significant post-acute customer accounts and a product development acceleration investment plan in our Post-acute Care EHR software, triggered management to assess the recoverability of purchased intangible assets related to our Post-acute Care EHR asset group. We determined there was no impairment to purchased intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 or 2017.
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Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products and services. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. The Company employs the 5-step revenue recognition model under ASC 606 to: (1) identify the contract with the client, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.
Revenue is recognized net of shipping charges and any taxes collected from clients, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
•System Sales and Support
The Company enters into contractual obligations to sell perpetual software licenses, installation, conversion, and related training services, hardware and software application support, and hardware maintenance services to acute care and post-acute care community hospitals.
•Non-recurring Revenues
•Perpetual software licenses and installation, conversion, and related training services are not considered separate and distinct performance obligations due to the proprietary nature of our software and are, therefore, accounted for as a single performance obligation on a module-by-module basis. Revenue is recognized as each module's implementation is completed based on the module's stand-alone selling price ("SSP"), net of discounts. Fees for licenses and installation, conversion, and related training services are typically due in three installments: (1) at placement of order, (2) upon installation of software and commencement of training, and (3) upon satisfactory completion of monthly accounting cycle or end-of-month operation by application and as applicable for each application. Often, short-term and/or long-term financing arrangements are provided for software implementations; refer to Note 10 - Financing Receivables for further information. Electronic health records ("EHR") implementations include a system warranty that terminates thirty days from the software go-live date, the date which the client begins using the system in a live environment.
•Hardware revenue is recognized separately from software licenses at the point in time it is delivered to the client. The SSP of hardware is cost plus a reasonable margin. Payment is generally due upon delivery of the hardware to the client. Standard manufacturer warranties apply to hardware.
•Recurring Revenues
•Software application support and hardware maintenance services sold with software licenses and hardware are separate and distinct performance obligations. Revenue for support and maintenance services is recognized based on SSP, which is the renewal price, ratably over the life of the contract, which is generally three to five years. Payment is due monthly for support services provided.
•Subscriptions to third-party content revenue is recognized as a separate performance obligation ratably over the subscription term based on SSP, which is cost plus a reasonable margin. Payment is due monthly for subscriptions to third party content.
•Software as a Service ("SaaS") arrangements for EHR software and related conversion and training services are considered a single performance obligation. Revenue is recognized on a monthly basis as the SaaS service is provided to the client over the contract term. Payment is due monthly for SaaS services provided.
Refer to Note 17 for further information, including revenue by client base (acute care or post-acute care) bifurcated by recurring and non-recurring revenue.
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•TruBridge
TruBridge provides an array of business processing services ("BPS") consisting of accounts receivable management, private pay services, insurance services, medical coding, electronic billing, statement processing, payroll processing, and contract management. Fees are recognized over the period of the client contractual relationship as the services are performed based on the SSP, net of discounts. Fees for many of these services are invoiced, and revenue recognized accordingly, based on the volume of transactions or a percentage of client accounts receivable collections. Payment is due monthly for BPS with certain amounts varying based on utilization and/or volumes.
TruBridge also provides professional IT services. Revenue from professional IT services is recognized as the services are performed based on SSP. Payment is due monthly as services are performed.
•Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue represents amounts invoiced to clients for which the services under contract have not been completed and revenue has not been recognized, including annual renewals of certain software subscriptions and customer deposits for implementations to be performed at a later date. Revenue is recognized ratably over the life of the software subscriptions as services are provided and at the point-in-time when implementations have been completed.
| (In thousands) | For Year Ended December 31, 2018 | ||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2018 | $ | 9,937 | |||
| Deferred revenue recorded | 19,818 | ||||
| Less deferred revenue recognized as revenue | (19,554) | ||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 10,201 | |||
The deferred revenue recorded during the year December 31, 2018 is comprised primarily of the annual renewals of certain software subscriptions billed during the year and deposits collected for future EHR installations. The deferred revenue recognized as revenue during 2018 is comprised primarily of the periodic recognition of annual renewals that were deferred until earned and deposits for future EHR installations that were deferred until earned.
•Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract with a Customer
Costs to obtain a contract include the commission costs related to SaaS arrangements, which are capitalized and amortized ratably over the expected life of the customer. As a practical expedient, we generally recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset would have been one year or less, with the exception of commissions generated from TruBridge sales. TruBridge commissions, which are paid up to twelve months in advance, are capitalized and amortized over the prepayment period. Costs to obtain a contract are expensed within sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Contract fulfillment costs related to the implementation of SaaS arrangements are capitalized and amortized ratably over the expected life of the customer. Costs to fulfill contracts consist of the payroll costs for the implementation of SaaS arrangements, including time for training, conversion, and installation that is necessary for the software to be utilized. Contract fulfillment costs are expensed within the caption "System sales and support - Cost of sales" in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Costs to obtain and fulfill contracts related to SaaS arrangements are included within the "Prepaid expenses and other" and "Other assets, net of current portion" line items on our consolidated balance sheets.
| (In thousands) | For Year Ended December 31, 2018 | ||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2018 | $ | 3,775 | |||
| Costs to obtain and fulfill contracts capitalized | 3,345 | ||||
| Less costs to obtain and fulfill contracts recognized as expense | (4,103) | ||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 3,017 | |||
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•Significant Judgments
Our contracts with clients often include promises to transfer multiple products and services. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment.
Judgment is required to determine SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We use observable SSP for items that are sold on a stand-alone basis to similarly situated clients at unit prices within a sufficiently narrow range. For performance obligations that are sold to different clients for a broad range of amounts, or for performance obligations that are never sold on a stand-alone basis, the residual method in determining SSP is applied and requires significant judgment.
Allocating the transaction price, including estimating SSP of promised goods and services for contracts with discounts or variable consideration, may require significant judgment. Due to the short time frame of the implementation cycle, discount allocation is immaterial as revenue is recognized net of discounts within the same reporting period. In scenarios where the Company enters into a contract that includes both a software license and BPS or other services that are charged based on volume of services rendered, the Company allocates variable amounts entirely to a distinct good or service. The terms of the variable payment relate specifically to the entity’s efforts to satisfy that performance obligation.
Significant judgment is required in determining the expected life of a customer, which is the amortization period for costs to obtain and fulfill a contract that have been capitalized. The Company determined that the expected life of the customer is not materially different from the initial contract term based on the characteristics of the SaaS offering.
•Remaining Performance Obligations
Disclosures regarding remaining performance obligations are not considered material as the overwhelming majority of the Company's remaining performance obligations either (a) are related to contracts with an expected duration of one year or less, or (b) exhibit revenue recognition in the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation according to the provisions of FASB Codification topic, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which establishes accounting for stock-based awards exchanged for employee services. Accordingly, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s or non-employee director’s requisite service period.
Product Development Costs
Product development costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs totaled approximately $36.4 million, $33.7 million, and $29.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB Codification topic, Income Taxes. Under this topic, deferred income taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability approach. This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences associated with differences between financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of the provision for income taxes.
We also make a provision for uncertain income tax positions in accordance with the Income Taxes Codification topic. These provisions require that a tax position taken in a tax return be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon settlement. The topic also requires that changes in judgment that result in subsequent recognition, derecognition, or change in a measurement date of a tax position taken in a prior annual period (including any related interest and penalties) be recognized as a discrete item in the interim period in which the change occurs.
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Valuation allowances are recorded when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. These valuation allowances can be impacted by changes in tax laws, changes to statutory tax rates, and future taxable income, and are based on our judgment, estimates, and assumptions. See Note 7 for the impact of H.R. 1, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Segment Reporting
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is evaluated by the chief operating decision maker, which we refer to as the CODM, or decision-making group in assessing performance and making decisions regarding resource allocation. The Company has prepared operating segment information based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company's operations for making internal operating decisions. See Note 17.
New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2018
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. The standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes prior revenue recognition guidance. This guidance was effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2017, which was effective for the Company as of the first quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. We adopted this new accounting standard codified as Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and the related amendments (the "new revenue standard") during the first quarter of 2018 and have applied it to all contracts using the modified retrospective method, pursuant to which the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard is recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings and impacted balance sheet line items as of January 1, 2018, the date of adoption. The comparative previous period information continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for that period.
We completed an assessment of our systems, data, and processes that are affected by the implementation of this new revenue standard and have concluded that this standard does not significantly alter revenue recognition practices for our system sales and support and TruBridge revenue streams. The impact on our revenue recognition is limited to deferring and amortizing implementation fees over the contract life related to our Rycan revenue cycle management product, in which we previously recognized revenue as implementation was completed. Rycan implementation fees totaled $1.6 million in 2017, less than 1% of our 2017 revenues. The balance sheet impact of the deferred revenue related to these fees was an increase of $1.8 million as of the date of adoption. Also impacting deferred revenue was a decrease of $0.6 million related to previous billings which no longer required deferred recognition as of the date of adoption.
In addition to revenue recognition, the new revenue standard impacts our consolidated financial statements with respect to the capitalization of certain commissions and contract fulfillment costs which were previously expensed as incurred. Commissions and contract fulfillment costs related to the implementation of software as a service arrangements are now capitalized and amortized over the expected life of the customer. TruBridge commissions, which are paid up to twelve months in advance, are now capitalized and amortized over the prepayment period. The balance sheet impact of the prepaid assets was an increase of $3.8 million as of the date of adoption.
Due to the aforementioned changes in assets and liabilities related to the adoption of the new revenue standard, our deferred tax liability increased $0.6 million as of the date of adoption.
In total, the adoption of ASU 2014-09 resulted in a net increase in retained earnings of $2.0 million as of the date of adoption.
In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosures of the impact of adoption on our consolidated statement of operations and balance sheet were as follows:
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| For Year Ended December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | As reported | Balances without adoption of ASC 606 | Effect of adoption increase/(decrease) | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Statements of Operations | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: TruBridge | $ | 100,247 | $ | 100,264 | $ | (17) | |||||||||||
| Cost of sales: System sales and support | 75,984 | 75,857 | 127 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 149,728 | 149,872 | (144) | ||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 30,713 | 30,083 | 630 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 24,882 | 25,656 | (774) | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 476 | 638 | (162) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 17,632 | $ | 18,244 | $ | (612) | |||||||||||
| December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | As reported | Balances without adoption of ASC 606 | Effect of adoption increase/(decrease) | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Balance Sheet | |||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid assets and other | $ | 5,055 | $ | 3,032 | $ | 2,023 | |||||||||||
| Other assets, net of current | 995 | — | 995 | ||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 327,746 | 324,728 | 3,018 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 10,201 | 8,953 | 1,248 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liability | 4,877 | 4,466 | 411 | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 167,963 | 166,304 | 1,659 | ||||||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | $ | (5,024) | $ | (6,383) | $ | 1,359 | |||||||||||
The effects of the changes in balance sheet accounts resulting from the adoption of the new revenue standard are primarily due to the beginning adjustments for adoption mentioned above, accompanied by incremental changes resulting from activity during the period ended December 31, 2018.
The new revenue standard requirements did not impact our net cash provided by or used in operating, investing, or financing cash flows on our consolidated statements of cash flows, although components within changes in operating assets and liabilities were immaterially impacted by adoption.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classifications of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which clarifies cash flow classification for eight specific issues, including debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies. This guidance was effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2017, which was effective for the Company as of the first quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material effect on our financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, to assist an entity in evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The guidance was effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2017, and will be applied prospectively to any transactions occurring following adoption. The adoption of ASU 2017-01 did not have a material effect on our financial statements.
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New Accounting Standards Yet to be Adopted
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The new guidance will require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018, which will be effective for the Company as of the first quarter of our fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. We will adopt this standard using the modified retrospective method, in which the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance will be recognized as an adjustment to impacted balance sheet line items as of January 1, 2019. The impact on the financial statements of implementation of this standard is an approximately $4.9 million increase in lease assets and lease liabilities as of the adoption date.
We do not believe that any other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if adopted, would have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
3. BUSINESS COMBINATION
Acquisition of HHI
On January 8, 2016, we acquired all of the assets and liabilities of HHI, including its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Healthland, AHT and Rycan. Healthland is a provider of electronic health records ("EHR") and clinical information management in the acute care market. AHT is a provider of clinical and financial solutions in the post-acute care market. Rycan offers SaaS-based revenue cycle management workflow and automation software to hospitals.
We believe the acquisition of HHI:
•strengthened our position in providing healthcare information systems to community healthcare organizations by combining hospital customers;
•introduced CPSI to the post-acute care market; and
•expanded the products offered by and capabilities of TruBridge with the addition of Rycan and its suite of revenue cycle management software products.
These factors, combined with the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of CPSI and HHI, were the basis for the acquisition.
Consideration for the acquisition included cash (net of cash of the acquired entities) of $162.6 million (inclusive of seller's transaction expenses), 1,973,880 shares of common stock of CPSI ("CPSI Common Stock"), and the assumption by CPSI of stock options that became exercisable for 174,972 shares of CPSI Common Stock. During 2015, we incurred approximately $3.0 million of pre-tax costs in connection with the acquisition of HHI. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred approximately $8.2 million, of pre-tax acquisition costs in connection with the acquisition of HHI. We incurred no such costs during the year ended December 31, 2017 or 2018. Acquisition costs are included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations.
| (In thousands) | Purchase Price | ||||
| Cash consideration, net of acquired cash received | $ | 162,611 | |||
| Fair value of common stock and options issued as consideration | 97,017 | ||||
| Total consideration | $ | 259,628 | |||
Our acquisition of HHI was treated as a purchase in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (the "Codification") 805, Business Combinations, of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), which requires allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair values of assets and liabilities acquired in the transaction. Our allocation of the purchase price was based on management's judgment after evaluating several factors, including a valuation assessment.
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The allocation of the purchase price paid for HHI was as follows:
| (In thousands) | Purchase Price Allocation | ||||
| Acquired cash | $ | 5,371 | |||
| Accounts receivable | 5,789 | ||||
| Financing receivables | 2,184 | ||||
| Inventories | 216 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses | 3,228 | ||||
| Property and equipment | 1,263 | ||||
| Intangible assets | 117,300 | ||||
| Goodwill | 168,449 | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (17,490) | ||||
| Deferred taxes, net | (4,010) | ||||
| Contingent consideration | (1,620) | ||||
| Deferred revenue | (15,681) | ||||
| Net assets acquired | $ | 264,999 | |||
The intangible assets in the table above are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The amortization is included in amortization of acquisition-related intangibles in our consolidated statements of operations. Of the goodwill acquired, $23.3 million was expected to be tax deductible.
The fair value measurements of tangible and intangible assets and liabilities were based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value measurement hierarchy (see Note 16). Level 3 inputs included, among others, discount rates that we estimated would be used by a market participant in valuing these assets and liabilities, projections of revenues and cash flows, client attrition rates and market comparables.
The gross contractual amount of accounts receivable of HHI at the date of acquisition was $9.4 million.
The following unaudited pro forma revenue, net income and earnings per share amounts for the year ended December 31, 2016 gives effect to the HHI acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, 2015. The pro forma financial information is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of what the operating results actually would have been during the periods presented had the HHI acquisition been completed during the periods presented. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to project future operating results. The pro forma information does not fully reflect: (1) any anticipated synergies (or costs to achieve synergies) or (2) the impact of non-recurring items directly related to the HHI acquisition.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||
| (In thousands, except per share data, unaudited) | 2016 | ||||
| Pro forma revenues | $ | 270,974 | |||
| Pro forma net income | $ | 8,538 | |||
| Pro forma diluted earnings per share | $ | .64 | |||
Pro forma net income was calculated by adjusting the results for the applicable period to reflect (i) the additional amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to intangible assets had been applied on January 1, 2015 and (ii) adjustments to amortized revenue during fiscal 2016 as a result of the acquisition date valuation of assumed deferred revenue. The pro forma results for each period also reflect the pro forma adjustment to interest expense as a result of the incurrence of new debt to finance the acquisition and elimination of Healthland debt in conjunction with the acquisition.
The Company incurred $5.5 million in 2016 acquisition-related costs, which are included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2016, that is reflected in pro forma net income for the year ended December 31, 2015. Severance and integration costs of $2.7 million were not included in the acquisition costs for the purpose of calculating the pro forma results.
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4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment were comprised of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| Land | $ | 2,848 | $ | 2,848 | |||||||
| Buildings and improvements | 7,752 | 8,240 | |||||||||
| Computer equipment | 2,766 | 3,245 | |||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 1,198 | 5,001 | |||||||||
| Office furniture and fixtures | 1,938 | 2,462 | |||||||||
| Automobiles | 18 | 70 | |||||||||
| 16,520 | 21,866 | ||||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (5,645) | (10,174) | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 10,875 | $ | 11,692 | |||||||
5. OTHER ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Other accrued liabilities were comprised of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| Salaries and benefits | $ | 8,722 | $ | 8,432 | |||||||
| Severance | 992 | 1,139 | |||||||||
| Commissions | 830 | 2,416 | |||||||||
| Self-insurance reserves | 1,017 | 1,024 | |||||||||
| Contingent consideration | 206 | 586 | |||||||||
| Other | 452 | 501 | |||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | $ | 12,219 | $ | 14,098 | |||||||
The accrued contingent consideration depicted above represents the earnout incentive for former Rycan shareholders and was paid in full subsequent to December 31, 2018.
6. NET INCOME PER SHARE
The Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") data for its common stock. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the net income attributable to stockholders of the Company and the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares, including awards under stock-based compensation arrangements.
The Company's unvested restricted stock awards (see Note 8) are considered participating securities under FASB Codification topic, Earnings Per Share, because they entitle holders to non-forfeitable rights to dividends until the awards vest or are forfeited. When a company has a security that qualifies as a "participating security," the Codification requires the use of the two-class method when computing basic EPS. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. In determining the amount of net income to allocate to common stockholders, income is allocated to both common stock and participating securities based on their respective weighted average shares outstanding for the period, with net income attributable to common stockholders ultimately equaling net income less net income attributable to participating securities. Diluted EPS for the Company's common stock is computed using the more dilutive of the two-class method or the treasury stock method.
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The following is a calculation of the basic and diluted EPS for the Company's common stock, including a reconciliation between net income (loss) and net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:
| (In thousands, except for per share data) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||
| Basic EPS | |||||||||||||||||
| Numerator | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 17,632 | $ | (17,416) | $ | 3,933 | |||||||||||
| Less: Net (income) loss attributable to participating securities | (595) | 316 | (38) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | 17,037 | $ | (17,100) | $ | 3,895 | |||||||||||
| Denominator | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding used in basic per common share computations | 13,561 | 13,419 | 13,255 | ||||||||||||||
| Basic EPS | $ | 1.26 | $ | (1.27) | $ | .29 | |||||||||||
| Diluted EPS | |||||||||||||||||
| Numerator | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | 17,037 | $ | (17,100) | $ | 3,895 | |||||||||||
| Reallocation of net income (loss) attributable to participating securities | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for diluted EPS | $ | 17,037 | $ | (17,100) | $ | 3,895 | |||||||||||
| Denominator | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding used in basic per common share computations | 13,561 | 13,419 | 13,255 | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average effect of dilutive securities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Performance share awards | 7 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding used in diluted per common share computations | 13,568 | 13,419 | 13,255 | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted EPS | $ | 1.26 | $ | (1.27) | $ | .29 | |||||||||||
7. INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the FASB’s Codification topic, Income Taxes. These provisions require a company to determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. If the more-likely-than-not threshold is met, a company must measure the tax position to determine the amount to recognize in the financial statements. The Company did not have any unrecognized tax positions as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The federal returns for tax years 2015 through 2017 remain open to examination, and the tax years 2014 through 2017 remain open to examination by certain other taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject. Additional years may be open to the extent attributes are being carried forward to an open year.
Deferred income taxes arise from the temporary differences in the recognition of income and expenses for tax purposes. A valuation allowance is established when the Company believes that it is more likely than not that some portion of its deferred tax assets will not be realized.
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On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act"), was signed into law. Among other things, the Act reduced our corporate federal tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result we are required to re-measure, through income tax expense, our deferred tax assets and liabilities using the enacted rate at which we expect them to be recovered or settled. The re-measurement of our net deferred tax liability resulted in an additional tax benefit of $1.9 million for the period ended December 31, 2017.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities were comprised of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable and financing receivables | $ | 1,112 | $ | 1,395 | |||||||
| Accrued vacation | 529 | 519 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 2,264 | 1,416 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 250 | 132 | |||||||||
| Accrued severance | 173 | 207 | |||||||||
| Accrued liabilities and other | — | 884 | |||||||||
| Fixed assets | — | 172 | |||||||||
| Credits | 1,984 | — | |||||||||
| Net operating loss | 10,347 | 13,261 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 16,659 | 17,986 | |||||||||
| Less: Valuation allowance | 456 | 1,605 | |||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | $ | 16,203 | $ | 16,381 | |||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets | $ | 19,957 | $ | 21,048 | |||||||
| Accrued liabilities and other | 897 | — | |||||||||
| Fixed assets | 226 | — | |||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | 21,080 | $ | 21,048 | |||||||
| Total net deferred tax liability | $ | (4,877) | $ | (4,667) | |||||||
Significant components of the income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||
| Current provision: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | (594) | $ | 1,535 | $ | (72) | |||||||||||
| State | 1,434 | 977 | 453 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred provision: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | 649 | 1,070 | 4,144 | ||||||||||||||
| State | (1,013) | 351 | (472) | ||||||||||||||
| Total income tax provision | $ | 476 | $ | 3,933 | $ | 4,053 | |||||||||||
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The difference between income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% for year ended December 31, 2018, and 35% for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, and those reported in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||
| Income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate | $ | 3,803 | $ | (4,584) | $ | 2,795 | |||||||||||
| Provision-to-return adjustments | (112) | 433 | 325 | ||||||||||||||
| State income tax, net of federal tax effect | 1,109 | 458 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Domestic production activities deduction | — | (280) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Tax credits | (3,428) | (393) | (349) | ||||||||||||||
| Transaction costs | — | — | 1,312 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | 9,520 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 356 | 1,155 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred impact of tax reform | — | (1,890) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | (1,149) | (304) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other | (103) | (182) | (35) | ||||||||||||||
| Total income tax provision | $ | 476 | $ | 3,933 | $ | 4,053 | |||||||||||
Our effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were 3%, (29)% and 51%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for 2018 was impacted by the reduction in our corporate federal tax rate from 35% to 21% effective at the beginning of 2018. In addition, our implementation of ASC 730 Safe Harbor Directive has significantly increased our estimated R&D tax credits for the 2017 and 2018 tax years, resulting in a further decrease in our effective rate for 2018. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2017 was significantly impacted by tax shortfalls related to stock-based compensation resulting from our adoption of ASU 2016-09, the non-deductible nature of our goodwill impairment charges, and the effect of recent tax reform legislation. These three factors combined for a net $8.8 million tax expense impact during 2017, affecting the period's effective tax rate by approximately 65%. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2016 was uncharacteristically high, primarily due to permanent non-deductible acquisition transaction costs of $3.8 million.
We have federal net operating loss carryfowards related to the acquisition of HHI of $70.5 million, $53.9 million, and $40.5 million for years ending December 31, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively, which expire at various dates from 2028 to 2035. We have state net operating loss carryforwards related to the acquisition of HHI of $46.5 million, $37.1 million, and $34.5 million for years ending December 31, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively, which expire at various dates from 2019 to 2035.
Realization of deferred tax assets associated with the state net operating loss carryforward is dependent upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to their expiration. We believe it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state NOL carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets related to these state NOL carryforwards of $1.6 million after December 31, 2017 and $0.5 million after December 31, 2018. The change in valuation allowance was based on evidence supporting that valuation allowances are not needed and should be released for HHI's standalone NOLs.
8. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company's stock-based compensation awards are in the form of restricted stock and performance share awards granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Restricted Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors and Amended and Restated 2014 Incentive Plan (the "Plans"). Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s or non-employee director’s requisite service period. As of December 31, 2018, there were a total of 324,257 shares of common stock reserved under the Plans for issuance under future share-based payment arrangements.
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The following table details total stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, included in the consolidated statements of operations:
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||
| Costs of sales | $ | 2,134 | $ | 1,750 | $ | 1,396 | |||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 7,581 | 5,416 | 3,970 | ||||||||||||||
| Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense | 9,715 | 7,166 | 5,366 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: income tax effect | (2,040) | (2,795) | (2,093) | ||||||||||||||
| Net (after tax) stock-based compensation expense | $ | 7,675 | $ | 4,371 | $ | 3,273 | |||||||||||
As of December 31, 2018, there was $12.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plans, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
Restricted Stock
The Company grants restricted stock to executive officers, certain key employees and non-employee directors under the Plans with the fair value of the awards representing the fair value of the common stock on the date the restricted stock is granted. Shares of restricted stock generally vest in equal annual installments over the applicable vesting period, which ranges from one to three years. The Company records expenses for these grants on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting periods. Shares of restricted stock may also be issued pursuant to the settlement of performance share awards, for which the Company records expenses in the manner described in the "Performance Share Awards" section below.
A summary of restricted stock activity (including shares of restricted stock issued pursuant to the settlement of performance share awards) under the Plans during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:
| Shares | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Nonvested stock outstanding at January 1, 2016 | 191,397 | $ | 57.12 | ||||||||
| Granted | 86,984 | 52.21 | |||||||||
| Vested | (93,496) | 57.48 | |||||||||
| Nonvested stock outstanding at December 31, 2016 | 184,885 | $ | 54.63 | ||||||||
| Granted | 225,954 | 32.79 | |||||||||
| Vested | (101,644) | 55.58 | |||||||||
| Nonvested stock outstanding at December 31, 2017 | 309,195 | $ | 38.36 | ||||||||
| Granted | 148,841 | 30.20 | |||||||||
| Performance share awards converted to restricted stock | 177,395 | 29.94 | |||||||||
| Vested | (156,988) | 40.52 | |||||||||
| Forfeited | (3,311) | 30.20 | |||||||||
| Nonvested stock outstanding at December 31, 2018 | 475,132 | $ | 32.00 | ||||||||
Performance Share Awards
The Company grants performance share awards to executive officers and certain key employees under the Amended and Restated 2014 Incentive Plan. The number of shares of common stock earned and issuable under each award is determined at the end of each -year or -year performance period, based on the Company's achievement of performance goals predetermined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors at the time of grant. The -year performance share awards include a modifier to the total number of shares earned based on the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") compared to an industry index. If certain levels of the performance objective are met, the award results in the issuance of shares of restricted stock or common stock corresponding to such level. -year performance share awards are then subject to time-based vesting pursuant to which the shares of restricted stock vest in equal annual installments over the applicable vesting period, which is generally three years. -year performance share awards result in the issuance of shares of common stock that are not subject to time-based vesting at the conclusion of the three-year performance period if earned.
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In the event that the Company's financial performance meets the predetermined targets for the performance objectives of the -year or -year performance share awards, the Company will issue each award recipient the number of shares of restricted stock or common stock, as applicable, equal to the target award specified in the individual's underlying performance share award agreement. In the event the financial results of the Company exceed the predetermined targets, additional shares up to the maximum award may be issued. In the event the financial results of the Company fall below the predetermined targets, a reduced number of shares may be issued. If the financial results of the Company fall below the threshold performance levels, no shares will be issued. The total number of shares issued for the three-year performance share award may be increased, decreased, or unchanged based on the TSR modifier described above.
The recipients of performance share awards do not receive dividends or possess voting rights during the performance period and, accordingly, the fair value of the one-year performance share awards is the quoted market value of CPSI's common stock on the grant date less the present value of the expected dividends not received during the relevant period. The TSR modifier applicable to the three-year performance share awards is considered a market condition and therefore is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award. A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to account for this market condition in the grant date fair value of the award.
Expense of one-year performance share awards is recognized using the accelerated attribution (graded vesting) method over the period beginning on the date the Company determines that it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved and ending on the last day of the vesting period for the restricted stock issued in satisfaction of such awards. Expense of three-year performance share awards is recognized using ratable straight-line amortization over the three-year performance period. In the event the Company determines it is no longer probable that the minimum performance level will be achieved, all previously recognized compensation expense related to the applicable awards is reversed in the period such a determination is made.
A summary of performance share award activity under the 2014 Incentive Plan for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, is as follows, based on the target award amounts set forth in the performance share award agreements:
| Shares | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Performance share awards outstanding at January 1, 2016 | 49,471 | $ | 49.29 | ||||||||
| Granted | 77,594 | 49.64 | |||||||||
| Forfeited or unearned | (49,471) | 49.29 | |||||||||
| Performance share awards outstanding at December 31, 2016 | 77,594 | $ | 49.64 | ||||||||
| Granted | 189,325 | 29.94 | |||||||||
| Forfeited or unearned | (77,594) | 49.64 | |||||||||
| Performance share awards outstanding at December 31, 2017 | 189,325 | $ | 29.94 | ||||||||
| Granted | 184,776 | 30.15 | |||||||||
| Forfeited or unearned | (11,930) | 29.94 | |||||||||
| Performance share awards converted to restricted stock | (177,395) | 29.94 | |||||||||
| Performance share awards outstanding at December 31, 2018 | 184,776 | $ | 30.15 | ||||||||
9. CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist principally of temporary cash investments and trade receivables (including financing receivables). The Company places its temporary cash investments with credit-worthy, high-quality financial institutions.
The Company’s customer base is concentrated in the healthcare industry. Customers are located throughout the United States. The Company requires no collateral or other security to support customer trade receivables. An allowance for doubtful accounts and allowance for credit losses has been established for potential credit losses based on historical collection experience.
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The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts, which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.
10. FINANCING RECEIVABLES
Total financing receivables were $34.3 million as of December 31, 2018, compared with $26.5 million as of December 31, 2017.
Short-Term Payment Plans
The Company provides fixed monthly payment arrangements ("short-term payment plans") over terms ranging from three to twelve months for meaningful use stage three and other add-on software installations. As a practical expedient, we do not adjust the amount of consideration recognized as revenue for the financing component as unearned income when we expect payment within one year or less. These receivables, included in the current portion of financing receivables, were comprised of the following on December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| Short-term payment plans, gross | $ | 5,773 | $ | 9,081 | |||||||
| Less: allowance for losses | (404) | (638) | |||||||||
| Short-term payment plans, net | $ | 5,369 | $ | 8,443 | |||||||
Long-Term Financing Arrangements
Additionally, the Company provides financing for purchases of its information and patient care systems to certain healthcare providers under long-term financing arrangements expiring in various years through 2025. Under long-term financing arrangements, the transaction price is adjusted by a discount rate that reflects market conditions and that would be used for a separate financing transaction between the Company and licensee at contract inception, and takes into account the credit characteristics of the licensee and market interest rates as of the date of the agreement. As such, the amount of fixed fee revenue recognized at the beginning of the license term will be reduced by the calculated financing component. As payments are received from the licensee, the Company recognizes a portion of the financing component as interest income, reported as other income in the consolidated statements of operations. These receivables typically have terms from two to seven years.
The components of these receivables were as follows on December 31:
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | |||||||||
| Long-term financing arrangements, gross | $ | 34,841 | $ | 22,968 | |||||||
| Less: allowance for losses | (2,163) | (2,606) | |||||||||
| Less: unearned income | (3,725) | (2,265) | |||||||||
| Long-term financing arrangements, net | $ | 28,953 | $ | 18,097 | |||||||
Future minimum payments to be received subsequent to December 31, 2018 are as follows:
| (In thousands) | |||||
| 2019 | $ | 10,825 | |||
| 2020 | 9,098 | ||||
| 2021 | 6,942 | ||||
| 2022 | 4,792 | ||||
| 2023 | 2,423 | ||||
| Thereafter | 761 | ||||
| Total minimum payments to be received | 34,841 | ||||
| Less: allowance for losses | (2,163) | ||||
| Less: unearned income | (3,725) | ||||
| Receivables, net | $ | 28,953 | |||
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Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table is a roll-forward of the allowance for financing credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| (In thousands) | Beginning Balance | Provision | Charge-offs | Recoveries | Ending Balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2018 | $ | 3,244 | $ | 1,691 | $ | (2,368) | $ | — | $ | 2,567 | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2017 | $ | 2,198 | $ | 1,823 | $ | (777) | $ | — | $ | 3,244 | |||||||||||||||||||
The Company’s financing receivables are comprised of a single portfolio segment, as the balances are all derived from short-term payment plan arrangements and long-term financing arrangements within our target market of community hospitals. The Company evaluates the credit quality of its financing receivables based on a combination of factors, including, but not limited to, customer collection experience, economic conditions, the customer’s financial condition, and known risk characteristics impacting the respective customer base of community hospitals, the most notable of which relate to enacted and potential changes in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates as community hospitals typically generate a significant portion of their revenues and related cash flows from beneficiaries of these programs. In addition to specific account identification, the Company utilizes historical collection experience to establish the allowance for credit losses. Financing receivables are written off only after the Company has exhausted all collection efforts.
Customer payments are considered past due if a scheduled payment is not received within contractually agreed upon terms. To facilitate customer collection and credit monitoring efforts, financing receivable amounts are invoiced and reclassified to trade accounts receivable when they become due, with all invoiced amounts placed on nonaccrual status. As a result, all past due amounts related to the Company’s financing receivables are included in trade accounts receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The following is an analysis of the age of financing receivables amounts (excluding short-term payment plans) that have been reclassified to trade accounts receivable and were past due as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
| (In thousands) | 1 to 90 Days Past Due | 91 to 180 Days Past Due | 181 + Days Past Due | Total Past Due | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2018 | $ | 1,302 | $ | 210 | $ | 245 | $ | 1,757 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2017 | $ | 980 | $ | 171 | $ | — | $ | 1,151 | |||||||||||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2018, amounts considered past due increased by $0.6 million compared with the year ended December 31, 2017.
From time to time, the Company may agree to alternative payment terms outside of the terms of the original financing receivable agreement due to customer difficulties in achieving the original terms. In general, such alternative payment arrangements do not result in a re-aging of the related receivables. Rather, payments pursuant to any alternative payment arrangements are applied to the already outstanding invoices beginning with the oldest outstanding invoices as the payments are received.
Because amounts are reclassified to trade accounts receivable when they become due, there are no past due amounts included within the financing receivables or the financing receivables, current portion, net amounts in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
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The Company utilizes an aging of trade accounts receivable as the primary credit quality indicator for its financing receivables, which is facilitated by the reclassification of customer payment amounts to trade accounts receivable when they become due. The table below categorizes customer financing receivable balances (excluding short term payment plans), none of which are considered past due, based on the age of the oldest payment outstanding that has been reclassified to trade accounts receivable:
| (In thousands) | December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||||||
| Stratification of uninvoiced client financing receivables based on aging of related trade accounts receivable: | |||||||||||
| 1 to 90 Days Past Due | $ | 17,290 | $ | 11,300 | |||||||
| 91 to 180 Days Past Due | 2,247 | 3,727 | |||||||||
| 181+ Days Past Due | 885 | 967 | |||||||||
| Total uninvoiced client financing receivables balances of clients with a trade accounts receivable | $ | 20,422 | $ | 15,994 | |||||||
| Total uninvoiced client financing receivables of clients with no related trade accounts receivable | 10,694 | 4,709 | |||||||||
| Total financing receivables with contractual maturities of one year or less | 5,773 | 9,081 | |||||||||
| Less: allowance for losses | (2,567) | (3,244) | |||||||||
| Total financing receivables | $ | 34,322 | $ | 26,540 | |||||||
11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Our purchased definite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are summarized as follows:
| (In thousands) | Customer Relationships | Trademark | Developed Technology | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | $ | 82,300 | $ | 10,900 | $ | 24,100 | $ | 117,300 | |||||||||||||||
| Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2017 | (12,937) | (1,682) | (5,968) | (20,587) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 | 69,363 | 9,218 | 18,132 | 96,713 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization expenses for year ended December 31, 2018 | (6,539) | (931) | (3,017) | (10,487) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 62,824 | $ | 8,287 | $ | 15,115 | $ | 86,226 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average remaining years of useful life | 10 | 12 | 5 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
The following table represents the remaining amortization of definite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2018:
| (In thousands) | |||||
| For the year ended December 31, | |||||
| 2019 | $ | 10,072 | |||
| 2020 | 10,066 | ||||
| 2021 | 10,066 | ||||
| 2022 | 10,066 | ||||
| 2023 | 10,066 | ||||
| Due thereafter | 35,890 | ||||
| Total | $ | 86,226 | |||
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The following table sets forth the change in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:
| (In thousands) | Acute Care EHR | Post-acute Care EHR | TruBridge | Total | ||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2015 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
| Goodwill acquired | 97,095 | 57,570 | 13,784 | 168,449 | ||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2016 | 97,095 | 57,570 | 13,784 | 168,449 | ||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | (28,000) | — | (28,000) | ||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 | $ | 97,095 | $ | 29,570 | $ | 13,784 | $ | 140,449 | ||||||
During 2017, the result of our fair value assessment of the Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit, which applied a combination of the income and market valuation approach, measured the reporting unit's fair value less than the reporting unit's carrying value. A goodwill impairment of $28.0 million was recorded against our Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit as of December 31, 2017 as a result of anticipated attrition of significant post-acute customer accounts and a product development acceleration plan for our post-acute EHR software. We determined there was no impairment to goodwill as of December 31, 2018 or December 31, 2016.
12. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt was comprised of the following at December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| (In thousands) | December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||||||
| Term loan facility | $ | 102,432 | 115,538 | ||||||||
| Revolving credit facility | 29,693 | 27,983 | |||||||||
| Capital lease obligation | 250 | 565 | |||||||||
| Debt obligations | 132,375 | 144,086 | |||||||||
| Less: debt issuance costs | (1,306) | (1,652) | |||||||||
| Debt obligation, net | 131,069 | 142,434 | |||||||||
| Less: current portion | (6,486) | (5,820) | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 124,583 | $ | 136,614 | |||||||
As of December 31, 2018, the carrying value of debt approximates the fair value due to the variable interest rate which reflects market rates.
Credit Agreement
In conjunction with our acquisition of HHI in January 2016, we entered into a syndicated credit agreement with Regions Bank ("Regions") serving as administrative agent, which provided for a $125 million term loan facility and a $50 million revolving credit facility. On October 13, 2017, we entered into a Second Amendment to refinance and decrease the aggregate principal amount of the credit facilities from $175 million to $162 million, which included a $117 million term loan facility and a $45 million revolving credit facility. On February 8, 2018, we entered into a Third Amendment to the credit agreement to increase the aggregate principal amount of our credit facilities from $162 million to $167 million, which includes a $117 million term loan facility and a $50 million revolving credit facility.
Each of our credit facilities continues to bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an applicable margin plus, at our option, either (1) the Adjusted LIBOR rate for the relevant interest period, (2) an alternate base rate determined by reference to the greater of (a) the prime lending rate of Regions, (b) the federal funds rate for the relevant interest period plus one half of one percent per annum and (c) the one month LIBOR rate plus one percent per annum, or (3) a combination of (1) and (2). The applicable margin range for LIBOR loans and the letter of credit fee ranges from 2.0% to 3.5%. The applicable margin range for base rate loans ranges from 1.0% to 2.5%, in each case based on the Company's consolidated leverage ratio.
Principal payments with respect to the term loan facility are due on the last day of each fiscal quarter beginning December 31, 2017, with quarterly principal payments of approximately $1.46 million through September 30, 2019, approximately $2.19 million through September 30, 2021 and approximately $2.93 million through September 30, 2022, with maturity on October
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13, 2022 or such earlier date as the obligations under the credit agreement become due and payable pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement. Any principal outstanding under the revolving credit facility is due and payable on the maturity date.
Anticipated annual future maturities of the term loan facility, revolving credit facility, and capital lease obligation are as follows as of December 31, 2018:
| (In thousands) | |||||
| 2019 | $ | 6,831 | |||
| 2020 | 8,775 | ||||
| 2021 | 9,506 | ||||
| 2022 | 107,263 | ||||
| Thereafter | — | ||||
| $ | 132,375 | ||||
Our credit facilities are secured pursuant to a Pledge and Security Agreement, dated January 8, 2016, among the parties identified as obligors therein and Regions, as collateral agent, on a first priority basis by a security interest in substantially all of the tangible and intangible assets (subject to certain exceptions) of the Company and certain subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors (collectively, the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), including certain registered intellectual property and the capital stock of certain of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries. Our obligations under the credit agreement are also guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors.
The credit agreement, as amended by the Third Amendment, provides incremental facility capacity of $50 million, subject to certain conditions. The credit agreement includes a number of restrictive covenants that, among other things and in each case subject to certain exceptions and baskets, impose operating and financial restrictions on the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, including the ability to incur additional debt; incur liens and encumbrances; make certain restricted payments, including paying dividends on the Company's equity securities or payments to redeem, repurchase or retire the Company's equity securities (which are subject to our compliance, on a pro forma basis to give effect to the restricted payment, with the fixed charge coverage ratio and consolidated leverage ratio described below); enter into certain restrictive agreements; make investments, loans and acquisitions; merge or consolidate with any other person; dispose of assets; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with affiliates; and materially alter the business we conduct. The credit agreement requires the Company to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25:1.00 throughout the duration of such agreement. Under the credit agreement, the Company is required to comply with a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.95:1.00 through December 31, 2017 and 3.50:1.00 from January 1, 2018 and thereafter. The credit agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default. We believe that we were in compliance with the covenants contained in the credit agreement as of December 31, 2018.
The dividend restriction in the credit agreement provides that no dividends may be paid unless there is no existing default, the dividend will not cause the Company to be out of compliance with the Company’s debt covenants, and as of any date of determination, the aggregate amount of dividends and other distributions made by the Company in any specified period (including the dividend or distribution to be paid on such date) shall not exceed the lesser of (A) the aggregate amount of the Company’s publicly announced dividend policy in effect for each fiscal quarter for the period of four full fiscal quarters most recently ended prior to such date or (B) 70% of the non-GAAP earnings per share for the period of four full fiscal quarters most recently ended prior to such date, calculated by the Company in good faith, in a manner consistent with past practices. For purposes of this restriction, “specified period” means, the period (x) commencing on the first day of the three full fiscal quarter period most recently ended prior to such date through (y) such date of determination. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had the capacity under the credit agreement to pay up to $18.3 million in additional dividends.
The credit agreement requires the Company to mandatorily prepay our credit facilities with (i) 75% of excess cash flow (minus certain specified other payments) during each of the fiscal years ending December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018 and (ii) 50% of excess cash flow (minus certain specified other payments) during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 and thereafter. The Company is permitted to voluntarily prepay our credit facilities at any time without penalty, subject to customary “breakage” costs with respect to prepayments of LIBOR rate loans made on a day other than the last day of any applicable interest period. The excess cash flow mandatory prepayment requirement under the credit agreement resulted in a $7.3 million prepayment on the term loan facility during the first quarter of 2018 related to excess cash flow generated by the Company during 2017. This mandatory prepayment was funded by drawing down on the revolving credit facility, as excess cash flow generated by the Company during 2017 was primarily used to voluntarily prepay amounts due under the revolving credit facility.
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13. BENEFIT PLANS
In January 1994, the Company adopted the CPSI 401(k) Retirement Plan that covers all eligible employees of the Company who have completed one year of service. The plan allows eligible employees to contribute up to 60% of their pre-tax earnings up to the statutory limit prescribed by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company matches a discretionary amount determined by the Board of Directors. The Company contributed approximately $2.6 million, $2.6 million, and $2.8 million to the plan for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The Company provides certain health and medical benefits to eligible employees, their spouses and dependents pursuant to a benefit plan funded by the Company. Each participating employee contributes to the Company’s costs associated with such benefit plan. The Company’s obligation to fund this benefit plan and pay for these benefits is limited through the Company’s purchase of an insurance policy from a third-party insurer. The amount established as a reserve is intended to recognize the Company’s estimated obligations with respect to its payment of claims and claims incurred but not yet reported under the benefit plan. Management believes that the recorded liability for medical self-insurance at December 31, 2018 and 2017 is adequate to cover the losses and claims incurred, but these reserves are based on estimates and the amount ultimately paid may be more or less than such estimates.
14. OPERATING LEASES
The Company leased office space during 2018 in various locations in Alabama, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Colorado, and Mississippi. These leases have terms expiring from 2019 through 2030 but do contain optional extension terms.
The future minimum lease payments payable under these operating leases subsequent to December 31, 2018 are as follows:
| (In thousands) | |||||
| 2019 | $ | 1,482 | |||
| 2020 | 997 | ||||
| 2021 | 960 | ||||
| 2022 | 887 | ||||
| 2023 | 844 | ||||
| Thereafter | 2,515 | ||||
| $ | 7,685 | ||||
Total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 was $2.6 million, $2.6 million, $2.7 million, respectively.
15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company is involved in routine litigation that arises in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe it is reasonably possible that such matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial statements.
16. FAIR VALUE
FASB Codification topic, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands financial statement disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Codification topic does not require any new fair value measurements, but rather applies to all other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. The Codification topic requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
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The accrued contingent consideration depicted below represents the remaining potential earnout incentive for former Rycan shareholders, relating to the purchase of Rycan by HHI in 2015. As a result of 2018 Rycan performance, former Rycan shareholders earned the entirety of the remaining potential earnout. A payout of $409,000 was paid prior to December 31, 2018, and the remaining balance as of December 31, 2018 was paid subsequently. We have estimated the fair value of the remaining contingent consideration based on the amount of revenue that was earned by Rycan for the year ended December 31, 2018 in accordance with the agreement.
| Fair Value at December 31, 2018 Using | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying | Active Markets for | Significant Other | Significant | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount at | Identical Assets | Observable Inputs | Unobservable Inputs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 12/31/2018 | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Description | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | $ | 206 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 206 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 206 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 206 | |||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the carrying amounts and fair values of certain assets at December 31, 2017:
| Fair Value at December 31, 2017 Using | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quoted Prices in | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying | Active Markets for | Significant Other | Significant | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount at | Identical Assets | Observable Inputs | Unobservable Inputs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 12/31/2017 | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Description | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | $ | 586 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 586 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 586 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 586 | |||||||||||||||
The carrying amount of other financial instruments reported in the consolidated balance sheets for current assets and current liabilities approximates their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
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17. SEGMENT REPORTING
Our chief operating decision makers ("CODM") utilize three operating segments, "Acute Care EHR", "Post-acute Care EHR" and "TruBridge", based on our three distinct business units with unique market dynamics and opportunities. Revenues and costs of sales are primarily derived from the provision of services and sales of our proprietary software, and our CODM assess the performance of these three segments at the gross profit level. Operating expenses and items such as interest, income tax, capital expenditures and total assets are managed at a consolidated level and thus are not included in our operating segment disclosures. Our CODM group is comprised of the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Growth Officer, Chief Operating Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Accounting policies for each of the reportable segments are the same as those used on a consolidated basis.
The following table presents a summary of the revenues, cost of sales, and gross profit of our three operating segments for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | |||||||||||||||||
| Recurring revenue | $ | 111,936 | $ | 113,056 | $ | 117,482 | |||||||||||
| Non-recurring revenue | 46,036 | 51,172 | 41,664 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Acute Care EHR revenue | 157,972 | 164,228 | 159,146 | ||||||||||||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | |||||||||||||||||
| Recurring revenue | 18,599 | 20,122 | 20,082 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-recurring revenue | 3,593 | 3,911 | 6,437 | ||||||||||||||
| Total Post-acute Care EHR revenue | 22,192 | 24,033 | 26,519 | ||||||||||||||
| TruBridge | 100,247 | 88,666 | 81,607 | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | 280,411 | 276,927 | 267,272 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales: | |||||||||||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | 69,831 | 72,537 | 78,272 | ||||||||||||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | 6,153 | 7,481 | 9,610 | ||||||||||||||
| TruBridge | 54,699 | 49,636 | 45,656 | ||||||||||||||
| Total cost of sales | 130,683 | 129,654 | 133,538 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit: | |||||||||||||||||
| Acute Care EHR | 88,141 | 91,691 | 80,874 | ||||||||||||||
| Post-acute Care EHR | 16,039 | 16,552 | 16,909 | ||||||||||||||
| TruBridge | 45,548 | 39,030 | 35,951 | ||||||||||||||
| Total gross profit | 149,728 | 147,273 | 133,734 | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate operating expenses | (124,846) | (152,087) | (119,359) | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 803 | 407 | 220 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | (1,340) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (7,577) | (7,736) | (6,609) | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before taxes | $ | 18,108 | $ | (13,483) | $ | 7,986 | |||||||||||
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18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Declaration of Dividends
On February 15, 2019, the Company announced a dividend for the first quarter of 2019 in the amount of $0.10 per share. The dividend was payable on March 18, 2019 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 1, 2019.
19. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table presents a summary of our results of operations for our eight most recent quarters ended December 31, 2018. The information for each of these quarters is unaudited and has been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited financial statements. This information includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, we consider necessary for fair presentation of this information when read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes. Our operating results have varied on a quarterly basis and may fluctuate significantly in the future.
| (In thousands, except for per share data) | 1st Quarter | 2nd Quarter | 3rd Quarter | 4th Quarter | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales revenues | $ | 70,882 | $ | 67,905 | $ | 69,297 | $ | 72,327 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 39,085 | 34,846 | 36,113 | 39,684 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 7,648 | 2,225 | 5,361 | 9,648 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 3,967 | 328 | 5,749 | 7,588 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.29 | $ | 0.02 | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.54 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.29 | $ | 0.02 | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.54 | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales revenues | $ | 64,075 | $ | 67,677 | $ | 67,113 | $ | 78,062 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 32,700 | 35,991 | 34,380 | 44,202 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 3,234 | 4,448 | 5,622 | (18,118) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 246 | 1,587 | 2,288 | (21,537) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.02 | $ | 0.11 | $ | 0.17 | $ | (1.57) | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.02 | $ | 0.11 | $ | 0.17 | $ | (1.57) | |||||||||||||||
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SCHEDULE II
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In thousands)
| Description | Balance at beginning of period | Additions charged to cost and expenses (1) | Deductions (2) | Balance at end of period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts deducted from accounts receivable in the balance sheet | 2016 | $ | 1,216 | $ | 497 | $ | 657 | $ | 2,370 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | $ | 2,370 | $ | 1,598 | $ | (1,314) | $ | 2,654 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | $ | 2,654 | $ | 1,485 | $ | (2,015) | $ | 2,124 | |||||||||||||||||||||
1Adjustments to allowance for change in estimates.
2Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.
| Description | Balance at beginning of period | Additions charged to cost and expenses (1) | Deductions (2) | Balance at end of period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses deducted from financing receivables in the balance sheet | 2016 | $ | 654 | $ | 1,762 | $ | (218) | $ | 2,198 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | $ | 2,198 | $ | 1,823 | $ | (777) | $ | 3,244 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | $ | 3,244 | $ | 1,691 | $ | (2,368) | $ | 2,567 | |||||||||||||||||||||
1Adjustments to allowance for change in estimates.
2Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.
| ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | ||||
None.
| ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES. | ||||
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Because of the inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, with a company have been prevented or detected on a timely basis. Even disclosure controls and procedures determined to be effective can only provide reasonable assurance that their objectives are achieved.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. We implemented internal controls to ensure we adequately evaluated our contracts and properly assessed the impact of the new accounting standard related to revenue recognition on our financial statements to facilitate adoption on January 1, 2018. There were no significant changes to our internal controls over financial reporting due to the adoption of the new standard.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
This report is included in Item 8 on page 54 and is incorporated herein by reference.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
This report is included in Item 8 on page 55 and is incorporated herein by reference.
| ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION. | ||||
None.
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PART III
| ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | ||||
We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all of our directors, officers (including our Chief Executive Officer and senior financial officers) and employees. We have also adopted a separate code of ethics with additional guidelines and responsibilities applicable to our Chief Executive Officer and senior financial officers, known as the Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers. Copies of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers are available on CPSI’s web site at www.cpsi.com in the "Corporate Information" section under "Corporate Governance."
Other information required by this Item regarding executive officers is included in Part I of this Form 10-K under the caption "Executive Officers" in accordance with Instruction 3 of the Instructions to Paragraph (b) of Item 401 of Regulation S-K.
Other information required by this Item is incorporated by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K from CPSI’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "2019 Proxy Statement") to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
| ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | ||||
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K from the 2019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
| ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | ||||
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K from the 2019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company (the "2019 Proxy Statement") to be filed by the Company with the SEC under the Exchange Act.
| ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE | ||||
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K from the 2019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
| ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES | ||||
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K from the 2019 Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A.
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PART IV
| ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES | ||||
(a)(1) and (2) and (c) – Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules.
Financial Statements: The Financial Statements and related Financial Statements Schedule of CPSI are included herein in Part II, Item 8.
(a)(3) and (b) – Exhibits.
The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index beginning on page 92 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this the 18th day of March, 2019.
| COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS, INC. | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ J. Boyd Douglas | |||||||
| J. Boyd Douglas | ||||||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Name | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/ J. Boyd Douglas | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer) | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| J. Boyd Douglas | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Matt J. Chambless | Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Matt J. Chambless | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ David A. Dye | Chairman of the Board and Director, Chief Growth Officer | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| David A. Dye | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ James B. Britain | Vice President – Finance and Controller (principal accounting officer) | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| James B. Britain | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Charles P. Huffman | Lead Director | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Charles P. Huffman | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ W. Austin Mulherin, III | Director | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| W. Austin Mulherin, III | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ A. Robert Outlaw, Jr. | Director | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| A. Robert Outlaw, Jr. | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Regina M. Benjamin | Director | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Regina M. Benjamin | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Denise W. Warren | Director | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
Denise W. Warren | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Glenn P. Tobin | Director | March 18, 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Glenn P. Tobin | ||||||||||||||
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Exhibit Index
Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
92
| 101 | Interactive Data Files for CPSI’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2018 | |||||||
| * | Management compensation plan or arrangement | ||||
93