COMPUTER TASK GROUP INC - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 29, 2017

OR

For the Transition period from                 to                

Commission File No. 1-9410

COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (716) 882-8000

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “an emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

SEC Form 10-Q Index

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(amounts in thousands, except share balances)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect, in the opinion of the management of Computer Task Group, Incorporated (“CTG” or “the Company”), all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for the periods presented.

The Company's fiscal year-end is December 31. During the year, the quarters generally consist of a 13-week fiscal period where the last day of each of the first three quarters is a Friday. The 2017 third quarter began on July 1, 2017 and ended on September 29, 2017. The 2016 third quarter began on July 2, 2016 and ended September 30, 2016. There were 63 billable days in both the third quarters of 2017 and 2016, and 191 and 192 billable days in the 2017 and 2016 year-to-date periods, respectively.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the SEC rules and regulations. There are no unconsolidated entities, or off-balance sheet arrangements other than certain guarantees supporting office leases and the performance under government contracts in the Company's European operations. All inter-company accounts have been eliminated.

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company's management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, actuarial assumptions including discount rates and expected rates of return on assets, as applicable, for the Company's defined benefit plans, the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, assumptions underlying stock option valuation, investment valuation, legal matters, other contingencies, and progress toward completion and direct profit or loss on contracts. Management believes that the information and disclosures provided herein are adequate to present fairly the condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows of the Company. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's latest Annual Report on Form 10‑K filed with the SEC.

The Company operates in one industry segment, providing IT services to its clients. At the highest level, CTG delivers services that are considered either IT solutions or IT and other staffing. CTG provides these primary services to all of the markets that it serves. The services provided typically encompass the IT business solution life cycle, including phases for planning, developing, implementing, managing, and ultimately maintaining the IT solution. A typical customer is an organization with large, complex information and data processing requirements.

IT solutions and IT and other staffing revenue as a percentage of total revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was as follows:

The Company promotes a significant portion of its services through five vertical market focus areas: Technology Service Providers, Manufacturing, Healthcare (which includes services provided to healthcare providers, health insurers (payers), and life sciences companies), Financial Services, and Energy. The Company focuses on these five vertical

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areas as it believes that these areas are either higher growth markets than the general IT services market and the general economy, or are areas that provide greater potential for the Company’s growth due to the size of the vertical market. The remainder of CTG’s revenue is derived from general markets.

CTG’s revenue by vertical market as a percentage of total revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was as follows:

Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid for a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Company utilizes a fair value hierarchy for its assets and liabilities, as applicable, based upon three levels of input, which are:

Level 1—quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (observable)

Level 2—inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be supported by observable market data for essentially the full term of the asset or liability (observable)

Level 3—unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, but are significant to determining the fair value of the asset or liability (unobservable)  

At September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying amounts of the Company’s cash of $11.4 million and $9.4 million, respectively, approximated fair value.

The Company is also allowed to elect an irrevocable option to measure, on a contract-by-contract basis, specific financial instruments and certain other items that are currently not being measured at fair value. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value provisions of this accounting standard for any specific contracts during the quarters ended September 29, 2017 or September 30, 2016.

Life Insurance Policies

The Company has purchased life insurance on the lives of a number of former employees who are plan participants in the non-qualified defined benefit Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan. In total, there are policies on 20 individuals, whose average age is 74 years old.  Those policies have generated cash surrender value. At September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, these insurance policies had gross cash surrender values of $30.6 million and $30.1 million, respectively, which are included on the consolidated balance sheet in “Cash surrender value of life insurance” under non-current assets. There are no loans outstanding against these policies.

At September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the total death benefit for the remaining policies was approximately $42.1 million and $41.1 million, respectively. Currently, upon the death of all of the remaining plan participants, the Company would expect to receive approximately $41.5 million after the payment of obligations, and, under current tax regulations, record a non-taxable gain of approximately $10.9 million.

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Taxes Collected from Customers

In instances where the Company collects taxes from its customers for remittance to governmental authorities, primarily in its European operations, revenue and expenses are not presented on a gross basis in the condensed consolidated financial statements as such taxes are recorded in the Company's accounts on a net basis.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash Overdrafts

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are defined as cash on hand, demand deposits, and short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less. As the Company does not fund its bank accounts for the checks it has written until the checks are presented to the bank for payment, the "change in cash overdraft, net," line item as presented on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows represents the increase or decrease in outstanding checks in a given period.

Property, Equipment and Capitalized Software Costs

Property, equipment and capitalized software at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized as follows:     

The Company recorded $0.1 million and $0.9 million of capitalized software costs during the quarter and three quarters ended September 29, 2017, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.4 million of capitalized software costs during the quarter and three quarters ended September 30, 2016. The increase in the 2017 periods as compared with 2016 is due to the purchase of software licenses, which the Company implemented in the first half of 2017. As of those dates, the Company had capitalized a total of $2.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for software projects developed for commercial use. Amortization periods range from two to five years, and are evaluated periodically for propriety. Amortization expense totaled approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million in the quarter and three quarters ended September 29, 2017, and approximately $0.1 million in both the quarter and three quarters ended September 30, 2016. Accumulated amortization for these projects totaled $0.5 million and $0.3 million as of September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively.

The Company is in the process of negotiating the sale of its corporate administrative building. The Company does not expect to record a loss on the sale of the building.

Guarantees

The Company has a number of guarantees in place in its European operations that support office leases and performance under government contracts. At September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, these guarantees totaled approximately $1.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and generally have expiration dates ranging from October 2017 through December 2024.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," ("ASU 2014-09"). ASU 2014-09 outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. This new revenue recognition model provides a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new model will require revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is only permitted in years beginning after December 31, 2016.

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The Company currently records approximately 96.8% of its annual revenue on a time-and-material or progress-billing basis, with the remaining 3.2% recorded under a proportional method of accounting using an inputs methodology for fixed price projects.  For the 96.8% of the Company’s revenue recorded under the time-and-material or progress billings methods of accounting, the Company does not expect this new standard to change the timing or the amount of revenue that is currently recorded.  The Company is currently evaluating the 3.2% of revenue recorded under its fixed price projects to determine if the manner or timing of revenue recognition would change for existing projects.  However, the Company does not expect the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated operating results, but does expect the new standard to increase the Company’s accounting policy disclosures upon adoption.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classifications of Deferred Taxes,” which amended accounting guidance related to the presentation of deferred tax liabilities and assets. The amended guidance requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. This guidance was effective for the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2017. Upon adoption of this guidance in the 2017 first quarter, the Company reclassified approximately $0.9 million as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 from current to non-current assets.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),”which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. Topic 842 supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840, Leases. This guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018; however, early adoption is permitted. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which amended accounting guidance related to seven aspects of the accounting for share-based payments award transactions. This guidance became effective for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, and the Company recorded less than $0.2 million and approximately $0.3 million of additional tax expense for tax shortfalls in the quarter and three quarters ended September 29, 2017, respectively, that previously would have been recorded to capital in excess of par value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, the Company recorded $0.3 million in both of the periods ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively, for taxes remitted for shares withheld from equity-based compensation transactions on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows in the “cash flow from financing activities” section.

Previously, in accordance with current accounting guidance for “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other,” the Company performed goodwill impairment testing at least annually (in the Company’s fourth quarter), unless indicators of impairment existed in interim periods. The goodwill that was recorded on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet related to CTG’s Healthcare Solutions (CTGHS) reporting unit. The Company used the two-step approach to test goodwill for potential impairment. Step One compared the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with goodwill to its carrying value. If the carrying value is found to exceed the estimated fair value, Step Two must be performed. Step Two compared the carrying value of the reporting unit to the fair value of all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit (including any unrecognized intangibles) as if the reporting unit was acquired in a business combination. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeded the implied fair value of its goodwill, an impairment loss was recognized in an amount equal to the excess.

During the 2016 first quarter, the Company determined that goodwill impairment indicators existed which required an interim impairment analysis. The impairment indicator was a significant and sustained decrease in the Company’s overall market capitalization, as the Company’s stock price during the 2016 first quarter fell by as much as 29% from its value at December 31, 2015. As a result of this indicator, the Company conducted an interim analysis of CTGHS to determine if an impairment existed. In performing the assessment, the Company estimated the fair value of CTGHS based on a combination of the income and market approaches. The income approach uses a discounted cash flow (DCF) method that utilizes the

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present value of expected future cash flows to estimate fair value of the reporting unit. The future cash flows for CTGHS was projected based on our estimates of future revenue, operating income and other factors such as working capital and capital expenditures, and a discount rate used in the present value calculation. As part of our projections, the Company took into account expected industry and market conditions for the healthcare industry, as well as trends currently affecting CTGHS. The market approach utilizes multiples of revenue and earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. The market multiples used for CTGHS were based on competitor and industry data, along with the market multiples for the Company and other factors. The Company also completed a comparison of its overall market capitalization to the market value of CTGHS and the Company’s other non-reporting business units. Based upon the analysis performed, the Company determined that the fair value of CTGHS was less than its carrying value, which required the Company to perform a Step Two goodwill impairment test.

As a result of the 2016 first quarter Step Two analysis, the Company determined the implied fair value of its goodwill balance was below the carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a non-tax deductible goodwill impairment charge of $21.5 million to reduce the value of its goodwill balance to the implied fair value.

During the 2016 third quarter, the Company determined that goodwill impairment indicators existed which required another interim impairment analysis. These impairment indicators were the unexpected declining revenue and profits in the CTGHS business unit, the resignation of both the sales leader (who was the Company’s former CEO) and the delivery leader of CTGHS in the 2016 third quarter, effectively leaving the business unit without executive leadership, and a continued decrease in the Company’s overall market capitalization.  As a result of these indicators, the Company conducted an interim analysis of CTGHS to determine if an impairment existed. In performing the assessment, the Company again performed the procedures it had previously performed in the 2016 first quarter, as detailed above. The most significant changes in the Step One analysis from the 2016 first quarter to the 2016 third quarter were reductions in the estimates of future revenue and operating income based upon the unexpected negative trends experienced in the third quarter, as well as the resulting reductions in the revenue and EBITDA market multiples that correlated to the decline in the Company’s overall market capitalization.  Based upon the analysis performed, the Company determined that the fair value of CTGHS was less than its carrying value, which required the Company to perform a Step Two goodwill impairment test.

As a result of the 2016 third quarter Step Two analysis, the Company determined the implied fair value of its goodwill balance was below the carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a non-tax deductible goodwill impairment charge in the 2016 third quarter of $15.8 million that reduced the value of its goodwill balance to the implied fair value, or $0.0 as of September 30, 2016.

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (EPS) for the quarters and three quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was as follows:

Weighted-average shares represent the average number of issued shares less treasury shares, and shares held in the Stock Trusts for the 2016 periods, and for the basic EPS calculations, unvested restricted stock.

Certain options representing 1.0 million and 1.6 million shares of common stock were outstanding at September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect on the computation would have been anti-dilutive.

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The Company’s investments consist of mutual funds which are part of the Computer Task Group, Incorporated Non-qualified Key Employee Deferred Compensation Plan. At both September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company’s investment balances, which are classified as trading securities, totaled approximately $0.4 million, and are measured at fair value. As there is an active trading market for these funds, fair value was determined using Level 1 inputs (see note 2 for “Fair Value”). Unrealized gains and losses on these securities are recorded in earnings and were nominal in both the 2017 and 2016 second quarter and year-to-date periods.

In October 2015, the Company entered into its current unsecured revolving credit agreement which replaced a demand line of credit and allows the Company to borrow up to $40.0 million. The agreement also allows under its provisions for the Company to borrow up to $17.5 million against the cash surrender value of the Company's life insurance policies. The new agreement expires in October 2018, and has interest rates ranging from 0 to 50 basis points over the prime rate, and 150 to 200 basis points over LIBOR. The Company can borrow under the agreement at either the prime rate or a LIBOR rate option, at its discretion. At September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there was $0.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, outstanding under the revolving credit agreement.

The maximum amounts outstanding under the credit agreement in the 2017 and 2016 third quarters was $4.2 million and $4.6 million, respectively, while borrowings during those quarters averaged $2.3 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and carried weighted average interest rates of 2.9% and 3.5%, respectively. 

Under the agreement, the Company is required to meet certain financial covenants in order to maintain borrowings under its revolving credit line, pay dividends (if any are declared), and make acquisitions. The covenants are measured quarterly, and at September 29, 2017, included a leverage ratio (total outstanding debt divided by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), adjusted for non-cash charges (including goodwill impairments) as necessary) which must be no greater than 2.75 to 1, a calculation of minimum tangible net worth (total shareholders' equity less goodwill and intangible assets) which must be no less than $48.6 million, and total annual expenditures for property, equipment and capitalized software must be no more than $5.0 million. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at September 29, 2017 as the leverage ratio was 0.0, the minimum tangible net worth was $76.9 million, and capital expenditures for property, equipment and capitalized software were $1.3 million in the 2017 year-to-date period.

The components that make up accumulated other comprehensive loss on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows: 

During the 2017 and 2016 third quarters and first three quarters, actuarial losses were amortized to expense as follows:

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The amortization of both prior service cost and actuarial losses are included in determining net periodic pension cost. See note 9, "Deferred Compensation and Other Benefits" for additional information.

The Company’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) is calculated quarterly based upon current assumptions relating to the full year’s estimated operating results and various tax-related items. The Company’s normal annual ETR typically ranges from 38% to 40% of pre-tax income. The 2017 third quarter and year-to-date ETR was 86.6% and 45.0%, respectively, and 2016 third quarter ETR was a benefit of 1.3% and the 2016 year-to-date ETR was (1.8)%.

The ETR was higher than the normal range in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date primarily due lower pre-tax income and the adoption of ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which required the company to record approximately $0.2 million in the 2017 third quarter, and $0.3 million in the 2017 year-to-date period of additional tax expense for shortfalls in the quarter that would previously have been recorded to capital in excess of par value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. This additional tax expense was partially offset by tax benefits for the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and Credit for Increasing Research Activities (R&D).  

The ETR was lower than the normal range in the 2016 third quarter primarily due to the non-deductible goodwill impairment charge totaling $15.8 million taken in the quarter, which, when considered in the tax provision resulted in reduced taxable loss, and also due to the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and the Research and Development tax credit (R&D). The 2016 year-to-date ETR was lower than the normal range due to the non-deductible goodwill impairment charges totaling $37.3 million taken in the 2016 first and third quarters, which, when considered in the tax provision resulted in net taxable income, and due to the WOTC and the R&D credits. 

At September 29, 2017, the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries totaled approximately $23.6 million, which are considered to be indefinitely reinvested, and accordingly, no provision for taxes has been provided thereon. Given the complexities of the foreign tax calculations, it is not practicable to compute the tax liability that would be due upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or liquidation or sale of the foreign subsidiaries.

The Company maintains a non-qualified defined benefit Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan (ESBP) that provides certain former key executives with deferred compensation benefits, based on years of service and base compensation, payable during retirement. The plan was amended as of November 30, 1994, to freeze benefits for the participants in the plan at that time.

Net periodic pension cost for the quarters and three quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 for the ESBP was as follows:

The ESBP is deemed to be unfunded as the Company has not specifically identified assets to be used to discharge the deferred compensation benefit liabilities. The Company has purchased insurance on the lives of certain plan participants in amounts deemed to be sufficient to reimburse the Company for the costs associated with the plan for those participants (see note 2 for “Life Insurance Policies”). The Company does not anticipate making contributions to the plan other than for benefit payments as required in 2017 and future years. In the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date periods, the Company made benefit payments totaling approximately $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, and expects to make payments in 2017 totaling approximately $0.7 million.

The Company also retained a contributory defined benefit plan for its previous employees located in the Netherlands (NDBP) when the Company disposed of its subsidiary, CTG Nederland, B.V. Benefits paid are a function of a percentage of career average pay. This plan was curtailed for additional contributions in January 2003. Net periodic pension cost was

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approximately $15,000 and $44,000 in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively, and $18,000 and $55,000 in the corresponding 2016 periods, respectively.

The Company does not anticipate making contributions to the NDBP in 2017. The assets for the NDBP are held by Aegon, a financial services firm located in the Netherlands. The Company maintains a contract with Aegon to insure future benefit payments of the NDBP; however, due to certain terms of the agreement and potential obligations to the Company, the NDBP has not been settled. The benefit payments to be made in 2017 are expected to be paid by Aegon from plan assets. The assets for the plan are included in a general portfolio of government bonds, a portion of which is allocated to the NDBP based upon the estimated pension liability associated with the plan. The fair market value of the plan’s assets equals the contractual value of the NDBP at any point in time. The fair value of the assets is determined using a Level 3 methodology (see note 2 for “Fair Value”). In 2017, the plan investments have a targeted minimum return to the Company of 4.0%, which is consistent with historical returns and the 4.0% return guaranteed to the participants of the plan. The Company, in conjunction with Aegon, intends to maintain the current investment strategy of investing plan assets solely in government bonds throughout 2017.

The change in the fair value of plan assets for the NDBP for the three quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was as follows:

During 2017, the Company determined that its fully funded pension plan related to Belgium employees, which the Company had historically accounted for as a defined contribution plan, should have been reported as a defined benefit plan. The impact of the error on the historical financial statements was immaterial. The Company recorded an increase to noncurrent assets and an offsetting adjustment primarily to direct costs of approximately $0.3 million, and an increase in income tax expense and deferred tax liabilities of approximately $0.1 million to correct the accounting during the 2017 third quarter.

Net periodic pension cost for the quarters and three quarters ended September 29, 2017 for the Belgium pension plan was as follows:

The change in the fair value of plan assets for the three quarters ended September 29, 2017 was as follows:

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The Company maintains the Key Employee Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for certain key executives. Company contributions to this plan, if any, are based on annually defined financial performance objectives. Cash contributions made to this plan in the 2017 first quarter for amounts earned in 2016 totaled $0.1 million, while contributions to the plan in the 2016 first quarter for amounts earned in 2015 totaled $0.2 million. The investments in the plan are included in the total assets of the Company, and are discussed in note 5, “Investments.” Participants in the plan have the ability to purchase stock units from the Company at current market prices using their available investment balances within the plan. In exchange for the cash received, the Company releases shares out of treasury stock equivalent to the number of share units purchased by the participants. These shares of common stock are not entitled to any voting rights, but will receive dividends in the event any are paid. The shares are being held by the Company, and will be released to the participants as prescribed by their payment elections under the plan. There were no stock units purchased in 2017, while 5,000 share units were purchased in the 2016 first quarter and none were purchased in the 2016 second or third quarter.

The Company maintains the Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan for its non-employee directors. Contributions in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date periods were $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. At the time the contributions were made, the non-employee directors elected to purchase stock units from the Company at current market prices using their available investment balance within the plan. Consistent with the Key Employee Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, in return for funds received, the Company released shares out of treasury stock equivalent to the number of share units purchased by the participants. These shares of common stock are not entitled to any voting rights, but will receive dividends in the event any are paid. The shares are being held by the Company, and will be released to the participants as prescribed by their payment elections under the plan.

During the 2017 second quarter and first quarter, the Company granted restricted stock totaling 316,165 shares and 7,500 shares, respectively, which were funded out of treasury stock. No stock option or restricted stock grants were issued during the 2017 third quarter. Restricted stock and stock units totaling 512,650 shares were granted in the 2016 first quarter of which 10,000 shares were issued out of treasury stock and 502,650 shares were issued out of the Computer Task Group, Inc. Stock Compensation Employee Trust.  No stock option or restricted stock grants were issued during the 2016 second or third quarter.

Of the 316,165 shares granted in the 2017 second quarter, 196,015 shares represented performance grants with a market condition that were granted to senior management on May 15, 2017. The closing price of the Company’s stock on that day was $5.75 per share.  Under these grant agreements, the Company’s stock price must increase 50% to $8.63 for a 30-day period within a three-year period from the date of grant for 50% of the grants to vest. The Company’s stock price must increase 100% to $11.50 for a 30-day period within a three-year period from the date of grant for the remaining 50% of the grants to vest.  

For these performance grants, the price on the date of grants was $5.75 per share, the expected volatility was 36.2%, the expected dividend yield is zero, and the risk-free rate of return was 1.49%.  Given these assumptions, the tranche of the grants that will vest with a 50% increase in the stock price have a value using a binomial model of $1.63 per share, and a derived service period of 1.22 years.  For the tranche of the grants that will vest with a 100% increase in the stock price, the value of the shares is $0.95 per share and have a derived service period of 1.79 years.  The Company is expensing these grants over the derived service period as noted for each tranche of a grant.

The remaining 2017 grants totaling 120,150 shares vest over a period of four years, with 25% of the grant vesting one year from the date of grant, and another 25% vesting each year thereafter until the grant is fully vested to the employee. The Company recognizes compensation expense for these grants over the expected term of the grant, or four years.

The restricted shares granted are considered outstanding, can be voted, and are eligible to receive dividends in the event any are paid. However, the restricted shares do not include a non-forfeitable right for the holder to receive dividends and none will be paid in the event the awards do not vest. Accordingly, only vested shares of outstanding restricted stock are included in the basic earnings per share calculation. The shares and share units were granted from the 2010 Equity Award Plan and the 1991 Restricted Stock plan.

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The Company also granted 24,900 stock options during the 2017 second quarter on May 15, 2017.  The options have a fair value of $1.85 per share using a Black-Scholes valuation model.  The assumptions used to calculate that fair value include the price on date of grant of $5.75, an expected life of 4.2 years, expected volatility of 36.9%, an expected dividend yield of zero, and a risk free rate of 1.81%.  The options vest ratably over four years, and are being expensed over that period.  The options were granted from the 2010 Equity Award Plan.

During the 2016 fourth quarter, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company’s stock over a two year period of time.  This repurchase authorization replaced the previously outstanding authorization.  The Company purchased 276,000 shares for treasury during the 2017 third quarter, and 916,000 shares for treasury during the 2017 year-to-date period. At September 29, 2017, the Company had approximately $4.0 million left in its current stock repurchase authorization. During the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date periods, the Company issued 31,000 shares and 644,000, respectively, out of treasury stock primarily to fulfill the share requirements from purchases of stock in the Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan, stock option exercises, and restricted stock grants.

The Company did not purchase any shares for treasury during the 2016 third quarter or year-to-date periods. At September 30, 2016, approximately 0.5 million shares remained authorized for future purchases. During the 2016 third quarter and year-to-date periods the Company issued 45,000 shares and 305,000 shares, respectively, out of treasury stock primarily to fulfill the share requirements from stock option exercises and restricted stock grants.

During the 2016 second quarter, the Company terminated its Stock Employee Compensation Trust (SECT) and Omnibus Stock Trust, and recorded the remaining shares in those trusts, totaling approximately 2.8 million shares, as treasury stock.  The trusts had previously been established to fund employee stock plans and benefit programs.

In the 2017 third quarter, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) was the Company’s largest customer and accounted for $18.6 million or 25.1% of consolidated revenue compared with $24.4 million or 31.3% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2016 period. In the 2017 year-to-date period, IBM accounted for $57.9 million or 25.5% of consolidated revenue compared with $75.5 million or 30.5% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2016 period. During the 2017 third quarter, the National Technical Services Agreement with IBM was extended for two years and now expires on December 31, 2019. The Company’s accounts receivable from IBM at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016 totaled $21.2 million and $28.0 million, respectively.

In the 2017 third quarter, SDI International (SDI) was the Company’s second largest customer and accounted for $8.4 million or 11.3% of consolidated revenue compared with $8.6 million or 11.0% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2016 period. In the 2017 year-to-date period, SDI accounted for $27.2 million or 12.0% of consolidated revenue compared with $25.2 million or 10.2% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2016 period. SDI acts as a vendor manager for Lenovo, and all of the Company's revenue generated through SDI is for employees working at Lenovo. The Company’s accounts receivable from SDI at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016 totaled $5.2 million and $5.6 million, respectively.

No other customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company's revenue during the 2017 or 2016 third quarter or year-to-date periods.

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Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements made by the management of Computer Task Group, Incorporated (CTG, the Company or the Registrant) that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are based on information as of the date of this report. The Company assumes no obligation to update these statements based on information from and after the date of this report. Generally, forward-looking statements include words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “will” and words and phrases of similar impact. The forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding future operations, industry trends or conditions and the business environment, and statements regarding future levels of or trends in business strategy and expectations, new business opportunities, cost control initiatives, business wins, market demand, revenue, operating expenses, capital expenditures, and financing.  The forward-looking statements are made pursuant to safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Numerous factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including the following: (i) the availability to CTG of qualified professional staff,  (ii) domestic and foreign industry competition for customers and talent, (iii) increased bargaining power of large customers, (iv) the Company's ability to protect confidential client data, (v) the partial or complete loss of the revenue the Company generates from International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) and SDI International (SDI), (vi) the uncertainty of customers' implementations of cost reduction projects, (vii) the effect of healthcare reform and initiatives, (viii) the mix of work between staffing and solutions, (ix) currency exchange risks, (x) risks associated with operating in foreign jurisdictions, (xi) renegotiations, nullification, or breaches of contracts with customers, vendors, subcontractors or other parties, (xii) the impact of current and future laws and government regulation, as well as repeal or modification of such, affecting the information technology (IT) solutions and staffing industry, taxes and the Company's operations in particular, (xiii) industry and economic conditions, including fluctuations in demand for IT services, (xiv) consolidation among the Company's competitors or customers, (xv) the need to supplement or change the Company’s IT services in response to new offerings in the industry or changes in customer requirements for IT products and solutions, (xvi) the risks associated with acquisitions, and (xvii) the risks described in Item 1A of the Company’s most recently filed annual report on Form 10-K, and from time to time in the Company's reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Industry Trends

The Company operates in one industry segment, providing IT services to its clients. At the highest level, CTG delivers services that are considered either IT solutions or IT and other staffing. The market demand for the Company’s services is heavily dependent on IT spending by major corporations, organizations and government entities in the markets and regions that it serves. The pace of technological change and changes in business requirements and practices of the Company’s clients all have a significant impact on the demand for the services that CTG provides. Competition for new engagements and pricing pressure has been and, management believes, will continue to be strong.

IT solutions and IT and other staffing revenue as a percentage of total revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was as follows:

The Company promotes a significant portion of its services through five vertical market focus areas: Technology Service Providers, Manufacturing, Healthcare (which includes services provided to healthcare providers, health insurers (payers), and life sciences companies), Financial Services, and Energy. The Company focuses on these five vertical areas as it believes that these areas either are higher growth markets than the general IT services market and the general economy, or are areas that provide greater potential for the Company’s growth due to the size of the vertical market. The remainder of CTG’s revenue is derived from general markets.

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The Company’s revenue by vertical market as a percentage of total revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was as follows:

The IT services industry is extremely competitive and characterized by continuous changes in customer requirements and improvements in technologies. The Company’s competition varies significantly by geographic region, as well as by the type of service provided. Many of the Company’s competitors are larger than CTG, and have greater financial, technical, sales and marketing resources. In addition, the Company frequently competes with a client’s own internal IT staff. Our industry is impacted by the growing use of lower-cost offshore delivery capabilities (primarily India and other parts of Asia). Regularly, new IT products and services are introduced which may render our existing IT solutions and IT staffing services obsolete. The economic conditions in the markets we serve are continuously changing and may negatively affect our business if we cannot adapt to negative conditions as they occur. There can be no assurance that CTG will be able to continue to compete successfully with existing or future competitors or that future competition will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, when the services have been rendered, when the price is determinable, and when collectability of the amount due is reasonably assured. For time-and-material contracts, revenue is recognized as hours are incurred and costs are expended. For contracts with periodic billing schedules, primarily monthly, revenue is recognized as services are rendered to the customer. Revenue for fixed-price contracts is recognized per the proportional method of accounting using an input-based approach. On a given project, actual salary and indirect labor costs incurred are measured and compared with the total estimate of costs of such items at the completion of the project. Revenue is recognized based upon the percentage-of-completion calculation of total incurred costs to total estimated costs. The Company infrequently works on fixed-price projects that include significant amounts of material or other non-labor related costs that could distort the percent complete within a percentage-of-completion calculation. The Company’s estimate of the total labor costs it expects to incur over the term of the contract is based on the nature of the project and our experience on similar projects, and includes management judgments and estimates that affect the amount of revenue recognized on fixed-price contracts in any accounting period.  Losses on fixed-price projects are recorded when identified.

The Company’s revenue from contracts accounted for under time-and-material, progress billing and percentage-of-completion methods as a percentage of consolidated revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 was as follows:  

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Results of Operations

The table below sets forth data as contained in the condensed consolidated statements of operations with the percentage information calculated as a percentage of consolidated revenue.

The Company recorded revenue in the 2017 and 2016 periods as follows:

There were 63 billable days in both the 2017 and 2016 third quarters. Reimbursable expenses billed to customers and included in revenue totaled $0.8 million and $0.9 million in the 2017 and 2016 third quarters, respectively.

There were 191 and 192 billable days in the 2017 and 2016 year-to-date periods, respectively. Reimbursable expenses billed to customers and included in revenue totaled $2.5 million and $3.2 million in the 2017 and 2016 year-to-date periods, respectively.

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The revenue decrease in North America in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date periods as compared with the corresponding 2016 periods was due to a significant decrease in demand for the Company's IT solutions business, primarily in the Company’s healthcare vertical market, as well as a significant decrease in demand for our IT and other staffing services business, primarily in our technology service providers vertical market.

On a consolidated basis, IT solutions revenue decreased $0.2 million or 1.0% in the 2017 third quarter, and $5.2 million or 7.2% in the 2017 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2016 periods. The Company’s healthcare vertical market grew from 2008-2012 primarily from installing EHR systems in hospitals and health systems, and then began to decline beginning in 2013.  As of today, EHR installations are largely complete. In late 2014, the Company began to see significant reductions in billable resources at a number of its larger healthcare clients, which further decreased IT solutions revenue in the Company’s healthcare vertical market as existing projects ended. This decrease in spending on healthcare IT projects continued in the first three quarters of 2017 for the customers that we serve.

On a consolidated basis, IT and other staffing revenue decreased $3.8 million or 6.8% in the 2017 third quarter, and $15.6 million or 8.9% in the 2017 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2016 periods. The Company had previously been informed by its largest staffing client that there would be significant reductions in both requirements and billable rates for certain of the employees provided to this client beginning in the 2016 fourth quarter.  These reductions in requirements and bill rates were completed by the end of the 2017 first quarter. Additionally, the Company continued to experience a significant reduction in demand from its largest staffing clients in the 2017 second and third quarter. The Company’s headcount was approximately 3,250 employees at September 29, 2017, which was an 8.5% decrease from approximately 3,550 employees at September 30, 2016, and a 5.8% decrease from approximately 3,450 employees at December 31, 2016.

Revenue in the Company’s European operations in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date periods as compared with the corresponding 2016 periods significantly increased primarily due to an increase in IT solutions and staffing work across a number of the Company’s vertical markets.  

The revenue increase in Europe in the countries in which the Company operates (Belgium, Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom) in the 2017 third quarter was impacted in part by the relative strength of the U.S. dollar as compared with the currencies of Belgium, Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom. In Belgium and Luxembourg, where a significant portion of the Company’s revenue from its European operations is generated, the functional currency is the Euro, while in the United Kingdom the functional currency is the British Pound. In the 2017 third quarter as compared with the 2016 third quarter, the average value of the Euro increased 5.3% while the average value of the British Pound decreased 0.3%. If there had been no change in these exchange rates from the 2016 third quarter to the 2017 third quarter, total European revenue would have been approximately $1.0 million lower, or $19.0 million as compared with the $20.0 million reported. Operating income in the 2017 third quarter was not significantly impacted by the changes in the exchange rates year-over-year. In the 2017 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2016 period, the average value of the Euro decreased 0.2% while the average value of the British Pound decreased 8.5%. If there had been no change in these exchange rates from the first three quarters of 2016 to the corresponding 2017 period, total European revenue would have been approximately $0.5 million higher, or $58.5 million as compared with the $58.0 million reported. Operating income in the 2017 year-to-date period was not significantly impacted by the changes in the exchange rates year-over-year.

The Company continues to assess the potential impact, if any, that the United Kingdom’s proposed exit from the European Union will have on the Company’s operations.  As the total revenue generated by our British subsidiary is immaterial as compared with the Company’s total consolidated revenue, we do not expect the impact of the proposed exit to have a material impact on the Company’s operations.

In the 2017 third quarter, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) was the Company’s largest customer and accounted for $18.6 million or 25.1% of consolidated revenue compared with $24.4 million or 31.3% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2016 period. In the 2017 year-to-date period, IBM accounted for $57.9 million or 25.5% of consolidated revenue compared with $75.5 million or 30.5% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2016 period. During the 2017 third quarter, the National Technical Services Agreement with IBM was extended for two years and now expires on December 31, 2019. The Company’s accounts receivable from IBM at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016 totaled $21.2 million and $28.0 million, respectively.

In the 2017 third quarter, SDI International (SDI) was the Company’s second largest customer and accounted for $8.4 million or 11.3% of consolidated revenue compared with $8.6 million or 11.0% of consolidated revenue in the

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comparable 2016 period.  In the 2017 year-to-date period, SDI accounted for $27.2 million or 12.0% of consolidated revenue compared with $25.2 million or 10.2% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2016 period. SDI acts as a vendor manager for Lenovo, and all of the Company's revenue generated through SDI is for employees working at Lenovo. The Company’s accounts receivable from SDI at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016 totaled $5.2 million and $5.6 million, respectively.

No other customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company's revenue during the 2017 or 2016 third quarters or year-to-date periods.

Direct costs, defined as the costs for billable staff including billable out-of-pocket expenses, were 82.4% of revenue in the 2017 third quarter as compared with 82.2% of revenue in the 2016 third quarter, and 81.9% of revenue in the 2017 year-to-date period as compared with 82.1% of revenue in the corresponding 2016 period. The Company’s direct costs as a percentage of revenue increased in the 2017 third quarter as compared with the 2016 corresponding period due to a significant increase in fringe benefit costs primarily medical expense, in the 2017 third quarter.  The increase in medical expense, which totaled approximately $1.0 million in direct costs, was due to much higher utilization of the Company’s self-insured medical plan during the quarter.  Direct costs decreased slightly in the 2017 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2016 period primarily due to an improvement in employee utilization year-over-year, offset by the additional medical expense in 2017.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were 17.0% of revenue in the 2017 third quarter as compared with 18.7% in the corresponding 2016 period, and 17.0% of revenue in both the 2017 and 2016 year-to-date periods. The decrease in SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue in the 2017 third quarter as compared with the 2016 third quarter is due to severance costs incurred totaling $1.5 million in the 2016 third quarter. In the 2017 year-to-date period, SG&A expenses included severance of approximately $0.4 million incurred in the 2017 second quarter, additional costs associated with our operating units as the Company continues to make investments in sales, recruiting and delivery resources in order to focus on long-term growth, and the loss of operating leverage resulting from lower year-over-year revenue.  The 2016 year-to-date period includes the $1.5 million in severance noted above incurred in the 2016 third quarter.

During the 2016 first quarter, the Company determined that a goodwill impairment indicator existed which required an interim impairment analysis. As a result of the analysis, the Company determined the implied fair value of its goodwill balance was below the carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a non-tax-deductible goodwill impairment of $21.5 million to reduce the value of its goodwill balance to the implied fair value.  Additionally, during the 2016 third quarter, the Company determined that another goodwill impairment indicator existed which required an interim impairment analysis. As a result of the analysis, the Company determined the implied fair value of its goodwill balance was again below the carrying value. Accordingly, the Company recorded a non-tax deductible goodwill impairment of $15.8 million to reduce the value of its goodwill balance to the implied fair value, which reduced the Company’s goodwill balance to $0.0 at September 30, 2016.  

Operating income (loss) was 0.6% of revenue in the 2017 third quarter, as compared with (21.1)% of revenue in the 2016 third quarter, and 1.1% of revenue in the 2017 year-to-date period compared with (14.2)% in the corresponding 2016 period. Operating income in the 2017 third quarter was impacted by a total of $1.2 million of additional medical costs for high utilization of the Company self-insured medical plan. Operating income in the 2017 year-to-date period was impacted by the $1.2 million in medical costs and $0.8 million of severance costs. The significant loss in the 2016 third quarter and year-to-date period was due to the goodwill impairment and severance charges noted above. 

The Company’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) is calculated quarterly based upon current assumptions relating to the full year’s estimated operating results and various tax-related items. The Company’s normal annual ETR typically ranges from 38% to 40% of pre-tax income. The 2017 third quarter and year-to-date ETR was 86.6% and 45.0%, respectively, and 2016 third quarter ETR was a benefit of 1.3% and the 2016 year-to-date ETR was (1.8)%.

The ETR was higher than the normal range in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date period primarily due to lower pre-tax income and the adoption of ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” ASU 2016-09 required the company to record approximately $0.2 million in the 2017 third quarter, and $0.3 million in the 2017 year-to-date period of additional tax expense for shortfalls in the quarter that would previously have been recorded to capital in excess of par value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. This additional tax expense was partially offset by tax benefits for the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and Credit for Increasing Research Activities (R&D).

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The ETR was lower than the normal range in the 2016 third quarter primarily due to the non-deductible goodwill impairment charge totaling $15.8 million taken in the quarter, which, when considered in the tax provision resulted in reduced taxable loss, and also due to the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and the Research and Development tax credit (R&D). The 2016 year-to-date ETR was lower than the normal range due to the non-deductible goodwill impairment charges totaling $37.3 million taken in the 2016 first and third quarters, which, when considered in the tax provision resulted in net taxable income, and due to the WOTC and the R&D credits. 

Net income (loss) was 0.1% of revenue or $0.00 per diluted share in the 2017 third quarter, as compared with (20.7)% of revenue or $(1.03) per diluted share in the 2016 third quarter, and 0.6% or $0.08 per diluted share in the 2017 year-to-date period compared with (14.5)% or $(2.30) in the 2016 year-to-date period.  Diluted earnings per share was calculated using 15.3 million and 15.6 million weighted-average equivalent shares outstanding for the quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively, and 15.4 million and 15.6 million weighted-average equivalent shares outstanding for the three quarters ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company’s management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company’s significant accounting policies, along with the underlying assumptions and judgments made by the Company’s management in their application, have a significant impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company identifies its critical accounting policies as those that are the most pervasive and important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial position and results of operations, and that require the most difficult, subjective and/or complex judgments by management regarding estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. The Company’s critical accounting policies are those related to income taxes, specifically relating to the valuation allowance for deferred income taxes.

Income Taxes—Valuation Allowances on Deferred Tax Assets

At September 29, 2017, the Company had a total of approximately $5.9 million of non-current deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, recorded on its consolidated balance sheet. The deferred tax assets, net, primarily consist of deferred compensation, loss carryforwards and state taxes. The changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities from period to period are determined based upon the changes in differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the basis of assets and liabilities for tax purposes, as measured by the expected tax rates when these differences are estimated to reverse. The Company has made certain assumptions regarding the timing of the reversal of these assets and liabilities, and whether taxable income in future periods will be sufficient to recognize all or a part of any gross deferred tax asset of the Company.

At September 29, 2017, the Company had deferred tax assets recorded resulting from net operating losses in previous years totaling approximately $1.1 million. The Company has analyzed each jurisdiction’s tax position, including forecasting potential taxable income in future periods and the expiration of the net operating loss carryforwards as applicable, and determined that it is unclear whether all of these deferred tax assets will be realized at any point in the future. Accordingly, at September 29, 2017, the Company had offset a portion of these assets with a valuation allowance totaling $1.0 million, resulting in a net deferred tax asset from net operating loss carryforwards of $0.1 million.

The Company’s deferred tax assets and their potential realizability are evaluated each quarter to determine if any changes should be made to the valuation allowance. Any change in the valuation allowance in the future could result in a change in the Company’s ETR. A 1% change in the ETR in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date period would have increased or decreased net income by approximately $3,000 and $22,300, respectively.

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Other Estimates

The Company has also made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of its assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare the consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, the FASB, and other regulatory authorities. Such estimates primarily relate to the valuation of stock options and restricted stock for recording equity-based compensation expense, allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, investment valuation, legal matters, and estimates of progress toward completion and direct profit or loss on contracts, as applicable. As future events and their effect on the Company's operating results cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates. Changes in the economic climates in which the Company operates may affect these estimates and will be reflected in the Company’s financial statements in the event they occur.

Financial Condition and Liquidity

Cash provided by operating activities was $11.3 million in the 2017 year-to-date period (2017 period), compared with cash provided by operating activities of $4.2 million in the 2016 year-to-date period (2016 period). In the 2017 period, net income was $1.2 million, while other non-cash adjustments, primarily consisting of depreciation expense, equity-based compensation, deferred income taxes, and deferred compensation totaled $2.9 million. In the 2016 period, the net loss was $(35.8) million, while the corresponding non-cash adjustments totaled $39.5 million.

The accounts receivable balance decreased $7.3 million in the 2017 period, and increased $1.7 million in the 2016 period. The decrease in the accounts receivable balance in the 2017 period primarily resulted from a decrease in days sales outstanding (DSO) of three days to 82 days from 85 days at December 31, 2016, and due to a decrease in revenue of 8.4% in the 2017 period as compared with the prior period. The increase in the accounts receivable balance in the 2016 period primarily resulted from DSO increasing 10 days to 86 days at September 30, 2016 from 76 days at December 31, 2015, offset by a decrease in revenue in 2016 as compared with 2015.

Prepaid and other current assets increased $0.3 million and $1.0 million in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively, due to payments made in the first quarter of the respective year that are then expensed throughout the year.   The cash surrender value of life insurance increased $1.4 million and $1.1 million in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively, due to normal valuation increases.

Accrued compensation increased $3.3 million and $6.1 million in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively.  Accrued compensation changed in each period due to the timing of the U.S. bi-weekly payroll that was paid on September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 as compared with December 31, 2016 and 2015.  Advance billings on contracts increased $0.9 million and $0.4 million in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively, due to the timing of invoices sent to clients under contracts in progress at September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Investing activities used $1.4 million and $1.6 million of cash in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively. The Company used cash for additions to property, equipment, and capitalized software of $1.3 million in the 2017 period and $1.9 million in the 2016 period. The Company has commitments to spend approximately $0.7 million on capital expenditures as of September 29, 2017, primarily for renovations to the Company’s corporate headquarters to accommodate additional employees and the Company’s data center pending the sale of the Company’s administrative office building. The Company expects the amount to be spent proportionately in the last three months of 2017 on additions to property, equipment and capitalized software to be slightly higher than the amount proportionally spent in the first three quarters of 2017. Net payments to the Company's deferred compensation plans were less than $0.1 million in the 2017 period as compared with $0.1 million in the 2016 period.

The Company is in the process of negotiating the sale of its corporate administrative building. The current list price for the property is $2.6 million. As the carrying value of building at September 29, 2017 was approximately $1.6 million, the Company does not expect to record a loss on the sale of the building.

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Financing activities used $8.9 million of cash in the 2017 period and $3.7 million in the 2016 period. Cash repaid under the Company’s revolving line of credit to fund working capital obligations netted to $(4.7) million in the 2017 period and $(0.7) million in the 2016 period. The Company recorded $0.7 million in the 2017 period and $0.3 million in the 2016 period from the proceeds from stock option exercises. Payments made to taxing authorities that represent the value of shares withheld for taxes in employee equity-based compensation transactions totaled $0.3 million in both the 2017 and 2016 periods. Cash overdrafts relate to the amount of outstanding checks at a point in time, and netted to less than $0.1 million and $(0.2) million in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively. The Company paid dividends totaling $0.0 million and $2.8 million in the 2017 and 2016 periods, respectively.  The Company suspended the payment of its dividend in the 2016 fourth quarter.  The Company also used approximately $4.8 million to purchase 916,000 shares for treasury under its buyback program in the 2017 period. No shares were purchased for treasury under the buyback program in the 2016 period. As of September 29, 2017, $4.0 million was available under the Company's authorization to purchase shares in future periods.

The Company’s unsecured revolving credit agreement allows the Company to borrow up to $40.0 million. The agreement also allows under its provisions for the Company to borrow up to $17.5 million against the cash surrender value of the Company's life insurance policies. The new agreement expires in October 2018, and has interest rates ranging from 0 to 50 basis points over the prime rate, and 150 to 200 basis points over LIBOR. The Company can borrow under the agreement with either a prime or LIBOR rate of interest at its discretion. At September 29, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there was $0.0 and $4.7 million, respectively, outstanding under the revolving credit agreement.

The maximum amount outstanding under the credit agreement in the 2017 third quarter was $4.2 million, while borrowings during the quarter averaged $2.3 million and carried a weighted average interest rate of 2.9%.

Under the agreement, the Company is required to meet certain financial covenants in order to maintain borrowings under its revolving credit line, pay dividends (if any are declared), and make acquisitions. The covenants are measured quarterly, and at September 29, 2017, included a leverage ratio (total outstanding debt divided by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), adjusted for non-cash charges (including goodwill impairments, as necessary) which must be no greater than 2.75 to 1, a calculation of minimum tangible net worth (total shareholders' equity less goodwill and intangible assets) which must be no less than $48.6 million, and total annual expenditures for property, equipment and capitalized software, which must be no more than $5.0 million. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at September 29, 2017 as the leverage ratio was 0.0, the minimum tangible net worth was $76.9 million, and capital expenditures for property, equipment and capitalized software were $1.3 million in the 2017 period.

Of the total cash and cash equivalents reported on the consolidated balance sheet at September 29, 2017 of $11.4 million, approximately $10.8 million was held by the Company’s foreign operations and is considered to be indefinitely reinvested in those operations. The Company has not repatriated any of its cash and cash equivalents from its foreign operations in the past five years, and does not intend to do so in the foreseeable future as the funds are required to meet the working capital needs of its foreign operations.

The Company believes existing internally available funds, cash potentially generated from future operations, funds available under the Company's revolving line of credit totaling $39.7 million, and funds available to be borrowed against the cash surrender value of our life insurance policies of $17.5 million, will be sufficient to meet foreseeable working capital and capital expenditure needs, fund stock repurchases, pay a dividend (if any are declared), fund acquisitions, and allow for future internal growth and expansion.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company did not have off-balance sheet arrangements or transactions in the 2017 or 2016 year-to-date periods other than guarantees in our European operations that support office leases and the performance under government contracts. These guarantees totaled approximately $1.2 million at September 29, 2017.

Contractual Obligations

The Company did not enter into any significant contractual obligations during the quarter ended September 29, 2017.

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Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," ("ASU 2014-09"). ASU 2014-09 outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. This new revenue recognition model provides a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new model will require revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is only permitted in years beginning after December 31, 2016.

The Company currently records approximately 96.8% of its annual revenue on a time-and-material or progress-billing basis, with the remaining 3.2% recorded under a proportional method of accounting using an inputs methodology for fixed price projects.  For the 96.8% of the Company’s revenue recorded under the time-and-material or progress billing methods of accounting, the Company does not expect this new standard to change the timing or the amount of revenue that is currently recorded.  The Company is currently evaluating the 3.2% of revenue recorded under its fixed price projects to determine if the manner or timing of revenue recognition would change for existing projects.  However, the Company does not expect the impact of adopting this new accounting guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated operating results, but does expect the new standard to increase our accounting policy disclosures upon adoption.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classifications of Deferred Taxes,” which amended accounting guidance related to the presentation of deferred tax liabilities and assets. The amended guidance requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. This guidance was effective for the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2017. Upon adoption of this guidance in the 2017 first quarter, the Company reclassified approximately $0.9 million as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, from current to non-current assets.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),”which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. Topic 842 supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840, Leases. This guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018; however, early adoption is permitted. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which amended accounting guidance related to seven aspects of the accounting for share-based payments award transactions. This guidance became effective for the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The Company recorded approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of additional tax expense for tax shortfalls in the quarter and three quarters ended September 29, 2017 that previously would have been recorded to capital in excess of par value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, the Company recorded $0.3 million in both of the periods ended September 29, 2017 and September 30, 2016 for taxes remitted for shares withheld from equity-based compensation transactions on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows in the “cash flow from financing activities” section.

The Company’s primary market risk exposure consists of foreign currency exchange risk associated with the Company’s European operations.

Revenue in the Company’s European operations in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2016 periods was impacted due to the strength relative to the U.S. dollar of the currencies of Belgium,

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Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom, the countries in which the Company’s European subsidiaries operate. In Belgium and Luxembourg, where a significant portion of the Company’s revenue from its European operations is generated, the functional currency is the Euro, while in the United Kingdom the functional currency is the British Pound. In the 2017 third quarter as compared with the 2016 third quarter, the average value of the Euro increased 5.3% while the average value of the British Pound decreased 0.3%. If there had been no change in these exchange rates from the 2016 third quarter to the 2017 third quarter, total European revenue would have been approximately $1.0 million lower, or $19.0 million as compared with the $20.0 million reported. Operating income in the 2017 third quarter was not significantly impacted by the changes in the exchange rates year-over-year. In the 2017 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2016 period, the average value of the Euro decreased 0.2% while the average value of the British Pound decreased 8.5%. If there had been no change in these exchange rates from the first three quarters of 2016 to the corresponding 2017 period, total European revenue would have been approximately $0.5 million higher, or $58.5 million as compared with the $58.0 million reported. Operating income in the 2017 year-to-date period was not significantly impacted by the changes in the exchange rates year-over-year.

The Company has historically not used any market risk sensitive instruments to hedge its foreign currency exchange risk. The Company believes the market risk related to intercompany balances in future periods will not have a material effect on its results of operations.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operations of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this periodic report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company reviews the effectiveness of its internal controls on a continuous basis, and makes changes as necessary. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report, which ended on September 29, 2017, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

None

There were no material changes in the Company's risk factors from those previously disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2016.

During the 2016 fourth quarter, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of stock over the subsequent two-year period.  During October 2017 (subsequent to quarter-end), the Company’s Board authorized the addition of $10.0 million to the repurchase program, bringing the total amount that could be repurchased under the program to $20.0 million.  This share repurchase authorization replaced the Company’s previous share repurchase program.  The information below does not include shares withheld by or surrendered to the Company either to satisfy the exercise cost for the cashless exercise of employee stock options, or to satisfy tax withholding obligations associated with equity awards as the number of shares is minor.

None

Not applicable

Restated By-laws

On October 20, 2017, the Board of Directors adopted the Restated By-laws of the Company, which amended the By-laws to make updates to the advance notice and director qualification provisions in Article I and Article III of the Restated By-laws:

(i) to increase the notice period for shareholder proposals to be not earlier than 120 days and not later than 90 days prior to the one-year anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting of shareholders, unless the meeting is convened more than 30 days prior to or delayed by more than 60 days after the anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year, in which case the notice of shareholder proposals must be received by the Company not earlier than 120 days and not later than 90 days prior to the date of the annual meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of the annual meeting is less than 100 days prior to the date of the annual meeting, then the notice of shareholder proposals must be received by the Company not later than the 10^th day following the day on which public announcement of the meeting is first made;

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(ii) to provide that notice of a shareholder’s intent to nominate persons for election as directors must be received by the Company not earlier than 120 days and not later than 90 days prior to the one-year anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting of shareholders, unless the meeting is convened more than 30 days prior to or delayed by more than 60 days after the anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year, in which case the notice of a shareholder’s intent to nominate persons for election as directors must be received by the Company not earlier than 120 days and not later than 90 days prior to the date of the annual meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of the annual meeting is less than 100 days prior to the date of the annual meeting, then the notice of a shareholder’s intent to nominate persons for election as directors must be received by the Company not later than the 10^th day following the day on which public announcement of the meeting is first made; and

(iii) to provide that a director nominee must provide a written representation and agreement to the Company that he or she currently intends to serve the full term for which the nominee is standing for election, if elected.  

In addition to the amendments described above, the Restated By-laws made various clarifications, technical corrections, and administrative and non-substantive changes. The foregoing description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Restated By-laws filed as Exhibit 3.1 hereto.

2018 Annual Meeting

On October 20, 2017, the Board of Directors set July 26, 2018 as the date of the Company’s 2018 annual meeting of shareholders and set June 12, 2018 as the record date for determining shareholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting.    

In accordance with Rule 14a-5(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company has determined that proposals to be considered for inclusion in the Company's proxy statement for the annual meeting pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act must be received at the Company’s principal executive offices not later than December 1, 2017.  For all shareholder proposals made outside of Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act and for all shareholder nominations for director, our Restated By-laws require shareholders to give the Company advance notice of any proposal or director nomination to be submitted at an annual meeting of shareholders. The Restated By-laws prescribe the information to be contained in any such notice.  To be timely, a shareholder’s notice with respect to a proposal made outside of Rule 14a-8 or director nomination for the annual meeting must be given, either by personal delivery or by United States mail, postage prepaid, to and received by the Secretary of the Company no earlier than March 28, 2018 and no later than April 27, 2018.

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: October 26, 2017

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