COMPUTER TASK GROUP INC - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 28, 2018

OR

For the Transition period from                 to                

Commission File No. 1-9410

COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (716) 882-8000

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “an emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

SEC Form 10-Q Index

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(amounts in thousands, except share balances)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect, in the opinion of the management of Computer Task Group, Incorporated (“CTG” or “the Company”), all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, and cash flows for the periods presented.

The Company's fiscal year-end is December 31. During the year, the quarters generally consist of a 13-week fiscal period where the last day of each of the first three quarters is a Friday. The 2018 third quarter began on June 30, 2018 and ended on September 28, 2018. The 2017 third quarter began on July 1, 2017 and ended September 29, 2017. There were 63 billable days in both the third quarters of 2018 and 2017, and 191 billable days in the 2018 and 2017 year-to-date periods.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the SEC rules and regulations. There are no unconsolidated entities, or off-balance sheet arrangements other than certain guarantees supporting office leases and the performance under government contracts in the Company's international locations. All inter-company accounts have been eliminated.

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company's management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, actuarial assumptions including discount rates and expected rates of return on assets, as applicable, for the Company's defined benefit plans, the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, assumptions underlying stock option valuation, investment valuation, legal matters, other contingencies, and progress toward completion and direct profit or loss on contracts. Management believes that the information and disclosures provided herein are adequate to present fairly the condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, and cash flows of the Company. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's latest Annual Report on Form 10‑K filed with the SEC.

The Company operates in one industry segment, providing IT services to its clients in North American and Western Europe. At the highest level, CTG delivers services that are considered either IT solutions or IT and other staffing. CTG provides these primary services to all of the markets that it serves. The services provided typically encompass the IT business solution life cycle, including phases for planning, developing, implementing, managing, and ultimately maintaining the IT solution. A typical customer is an organization with large, complex information and data processing requirements.

IT solutions and IT and other staffing revenue as a percentage of total revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was as follows:

The Company promotes a significant portion of its services through five vertical market focus areas: technology service providers, manufacturing, healthcare (which includes services provided to healthcare providers, health insurers

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(payers), and life sciences companies), financial services, and energy. The Company focuses on these five vertical areas as it believes that these areas are either higher growth markets than the general IT services market and the general economy, or are areas that provide greater potential for the Company’s growth due to the size of the vertical market. The remainder of CTG’s revenue is derived from general markets.

CTG’s revenue by vertical market as a percentage of total revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was as follows:

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised good or service is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. For time-and-material contracts, revenue is recognized as hours are incurred and costs are expended. For contracts with progress billing schedules, primarily monthly, revenue is recognized as services are rendered to the customer. Revenue for fixed-price contracts is recognized over time using an input-based approach. Over time revenue recognition best portrays the Company’s performance in transferring control of the goods or services to the customer. On most fixed price contracts, revenue recognition is supported through contractual clauses that require the customer to pay for work performed to date, including cost plus a reasonable profit margin, for goods or services that have no alternative use to the Company. On certain contracts, revenue recognition is supported through contractual clauses that indicate the customer controls the asset, or work in process, as the Company creates or enhances the asset. On a given project, actual salary and indirect labor costs incurred are measured and compared with the total estimate of costs of such items at the completion of the project. Revenue is recognized based upon the percentage-of-completion calculation of total incurred costs to total estimated costs. The Company infrequently works on fixed-price projects that include significant amounts of material or other non-labor related costs that could distort the percent complete within a percentage-of-completion calculation. The Company’s estimate of the total labor costs it expects to incur over the term of the contract is based on the nature of the project and our experience on similar projects, and includes management judgments and estimates that affect the amount of revenue recognized on fixed-price contracts in any accounting period.  Losses on fixed-price projects are recorded when identified.

The Company’s revenue from contracts accounted for under time-and-material, progress billing and percentage-of-completion methods as a percentage of consolidated revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was as follows:

The Company recorded revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 as follows:

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Significant Judgments

With the exception of cost estimates on certain fixed-price projects, there are no other significant judgments used to determine the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations or determining transaction price and amounts allocated to performance obligations. The Company allocates the transaction price based on standalone selling prices for contracts with customers that include more than one performance obligation. Standalone selling prices are based on the expected cost of the good or service plus margin approach. Certain customers may qualify for discounts and rebates, which we account for as variable consideration. The Company estimates variable consideration and reduces revenue recognized based on the amount it expects to provide to customers.

Contract Balances

For time-and-material and progress billing contracts, the timing of the Company’s satisfaction of its performance obligations is consistent with the timing of payment. For these contracts, the Company has the right to payment in the amount that corresponds directly with the value of the Company’s performance to date. The Company uses the right to invoice practical expedient that allows the Company to recognize revenue in the amount for which it has the right to invoice for time-and-material and progress billing contracts. Bill schedules for fixed-price contracts are generally consistent with the Company’s performance in transferring control of the goods or services to the customer. There are no significant financing components in our contracts with customers. Advanced billings represent contract liabilities for cash payments received in advance of our performance. Unbilled receivables are reported within “accounts receivable” on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Accounts receivable and contract liability balances fluctuate based on the timing of the customer’s billing schedule and the Company’s month-end date. There are no significant costs to obtain or fulfill contracts with customers.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

As of September 28, 2018, the aggregate transaction price allocated to unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations for fixed-price and all progress billing contracts was approximately $16.3 million and $34.7 million, respectively. Approximately $13.6 million of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations is expected to be earned in 2018. Approximately $37.3 million of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations is expected to be earned in 2019 and beyond. The Company uses the right to invoice practical expedient. Therefore, no disclosure is required for unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts in which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Taxes Collected from Customers

In instances where the Company collects taxes from its customers for remittance to governmental authorities, primarily in its international locations, revenue and expenses are not presented on a gross basis in the condensed consolidated financial statements as such taxes are recorded in the Company's accounts on a net basis.

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Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid for a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Company utilizes a fair value hierarchy for its assets and liabilities, as applicable, based upon three levels of input, which are:

Level 1—quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (observable)

Level 2—inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be supported by observable market data for essentially the full term of the asset or liability (observable)

Level 3—unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, but are significant to determining the fair value of the asset or liability (unobservable)

At September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the carrying amounts of the Company’s cash of $10.5 million and $11.2  million, respectively, approximated fair value.

The Company is also allowed to elect an irrevocable option to measure, on a contract-by-contract basis, specific financial instruments and certain other items that are currently not being measured at fair value. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value provisions of this accounting standard for any specific contracts during the quarters ended September 28, 2018 or September 29, 2017.

As described in Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company acquired 100% of the equity of Soft Company in the 2018 first quarter. Level 3 inputs were used to estimate the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The valuation techniques used to assign fair values to intangible assets included the relief-from-royalty method and excess earnings method. In addition, the Company has a contingent consideration liability related to the earn-out provision of which a portion will be payable in each period subject to the achievement by Soft Company of certain revenue and EBIT targets for fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019. There is no payout if the achievement on either target is below a certain target threshold. The fair value of this contingent consideration is determined using level 3 inputs. The fair value assigned to the contingent consideration liability is determined using real options method, which requires inputs such as revenue forecasts, EBIT forecasts, discount rate, and other market variables to assess the probability of Soft Company achieving the revenue and EBIT targets. The fair value as of the February 15, 2018 acquisition date was determined to be $2.0 million. In the 2018 second quarter, the Company paid approximately $0.9 million relating to the earn-out based on the achievement by Soft Company of certain revenue and EBIT targets for fiscal 2017. The fair value of the remaining contingent consideration liability was determined to be approximately $1.4 million as of September 28, 2018. As such, the Company recorded $0.5 million of selling, general and administrative expense during the 2018 third quarter. Approximately $0.9 million and $0.5 million of the remaining contingent consideration liability is recorded in “other current liabilities” and “other long-term liabilities”, respectively, on the September 28, 2018, condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Life Insurance Policies

The Company has purchased life insurance on the lives of a number of former employees who are plan participants in the non-qualified defined benefit Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan. In total, there are policies on 18 individuals, whose average age is 75 years old. Those policies have generated cash surrender value. The Company borrowed $0.0 million and $28.8 million against the cash surrender value of these life insurance policies during the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date period, respectively. At September 28, 2018, these insurance policies had gross cash surrender values of $27.9 million outstanding loans and interest totaling $24.7 million, and a net cash surrender value of $3.2 million. At December 31, 2017, these insurance policies, with no outstanding loans, had a cash surrender value of $31.5 million. The net cash surrender values are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheet in “Cash surrender value of life insurance” under non-current assets.

At September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the total death benefit for the remaining policies was approximately $37.5 million and $42.2 million, respectively. Currently, upon the death of all of the remaining plan participants, the Company would expect to receive approximately $11.6 million after the payment of obligations, and, under current tax regulations, record a non-taxable gain of approximately $9.3 million.

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During the quarter ended September 28, 2018, one of the participants in the plan passed away. The Company recorded a non-taxable life insurance gain of $0.8 million, and expects to receive approximately $1.0 million in the 2018 fourth quarter. Additionally, the Company settled approximately $3.5 million of outstanding loans and interest upon his death.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash Overdrafts

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are defined as cash on hand, demand deposits, and short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less. As the Company does not fund its bank accounts for the checks it has written until the checks are presented to the bank for payment, the "change in cash overdraft, net," line item as presented on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows represents the increase or decrease in outstanding checks in a given period.

Property, Equipment and Capitalized Software Costs

Property, equipment and capitalized software at September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows:     

The Company recorded less than $0.2 million of capitalized software costs during the quarter and three quarters ended September 28, 2018, and $0.1 million and $0.9 million of capitalized software costs during the quarter and three quarters ended September 29, 2017, respectively. The decrease in the 2018 year-to-date period as compared with 2017 is due to the completed rollout of software licenses, which the Company implemented in the first half of 2017. As of those dates, the Company had capitalized a total of $2.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively, for software projects developed for commercial use. Amortization periods range from three to five years, and are evaluated periodically for propriety. Amortization expense totaled approximately $0.1 million and $0.4 million in the quarter and three quarters ended September 28, 2018, and approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million in the quarter and three quarters ended September 29, 2017, respectively. Accumulated amortization for these projects totaled $1.0 million and $0.4 million as of September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively.

The Company sold its corporate administrative building in February 2018 for $1.8 million, and as the book value was $1.6 million, recorded a gain on the sale of less than $0.1 million after applicable fees. The gain was recorded in interest and other income in the condensed consolidated statement of income.

Guarantees

The Company has a number of guarantees in place in its international locations that support office leases and performance under government contracts. At September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017, these guarantees totaled approximately $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and generally have expiration dates ranging from October 2018 through December 2019.

Goodwill

The goodwill recorded on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 28, 2018 relates to the acquisition of Soft Company in the 2018 first quarter. In accordance with current accounting guidance for “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other,” the Company performs goodwill impairment testing at least annually (in the Company’s fourth quarter), unless indicators of impairment exist in interim periods.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three quarters ended September 28, 2018 are as follows:

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Acquired Intangible Assets

Acquired intangible assets at September 28, 2018 consist of the following:

Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of fiscal 2018 and the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter is as follows (amounts in thousands):

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," ("ASU 2014-09"). On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606 using the cumulative effect method and applied the requirements of the new standard to only projects that were open as of January 1, 2018. Results for the reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.

The Company recorded a net positive adjustment to beginning retained earnings of less than $0.1 million and a corresponding amount to unbilled receivables as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, primarily related to a change in the identification of performance obligations on certain projects. In addition, the Company evaluated its principal and agent conclusions when more than one party is involved in providing goods or service to a customer. The Company recorded approximately $0.9 million, or 1.0% of our 2018 third quarter consolidated revenue and approximately $3.8 million, or 1.4% of our 2018 year-to-date revenue on a gross basis, which would have been recorded on a net basis under our historic accounting under Topic 605. The Company reported $90.3 million and $265.6 million of revenue in the 2018 third quarter and 2018 year-to-date period, respectively, under Topic 606 and the Company would have reported approximately $89.4 million and $261.8 million of revenue under Topic 605.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the

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term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. Topic 842 supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840, Leases. This guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018; however, early adoption is permitted. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715),” which requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. The amendments in this Update should be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement. The Company has adopted this standard and has applied it retrospectively in the 2018 first quarter. Upon adoption, the Company increased direct costs by approximately $0.1 and reduced selling, general, and administrative expenses and interest and other expenses by less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for the 2017 third quarter and increased direct costs by approximately $0.1 million and reduced selling, general, and administrative expenses and interest and other expenses by approximately $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for the 2017 year-to-date period.

On February 15, 2018, the Company acquired 100% of the equity of Soft Company for approximately $16.9 million (€13.6 million based on a EUR into USD exchange rate of 1.2392). The acquisition was funded using cash on hand and borrowings under the Company’s existing credit agreement. Soft Company, located in Paris, France, is an IT consulting company that specializes in providing IT services to finance, insurance, telecom, and media services companies. The acquisition of Soft Company is expected to enable the Company to expand its position in Europe and enhance its service offerings.

The Company has a contingent consideration liability related to an earn-out provision of which a portion will be payable in each period subject to the achievement by Soft Company of certain revenue and EBIT targets for fiscal 2017, 2018, and 2019. There is no payout if the achievement on either target is below a certain target threshold. The fair value as of the February 15, 2018 acquisition date was determined to be $2.0 million. In the 2018 second quarter, the Company paid approximately $0.9 million relating to the earn-out based on the achievement by Soft Company of certain revenue and EBIT targets for fiscal 2017. The fair value of the remaining contingent consideration liability was determined to be approximately $1.4 million as of September 28, 2018. As such, the Company recorded $0.5 million of selling, general and administrative expense during the 2018 third quarter. Approximately $0.9 million and $0.5 million of the remaining contingent consideration liability is recorded in “other current liabilities” and “other long-term liabilities”, respectively, on the September 28, 2018, condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The acquisition date fair value of the consideration for the above transaction consisted of the following as of February 15, 2018:

The following tables summarizes the preliminary allocation of the aggregate purchase consideration to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of February 15, 2018:

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The purchase consideration for the acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair values. The excess consideration was recorded as goodwill, which is not deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill balance of $13.2 million reflects a decrease of approximately $0.1 million from which was recorded at June 29, 2018. The decrease is due to an adjustment to the amount of consideration allocated to deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The intangible assets acquired in this acquisition consisted of the following:

The results of operations of Soft Company have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial results since the date of acquisition. As the Company has determined that the acquisition is not material to its existing operations, certain disclosures, including pro forma financial information, have not been included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. The Company incurred acquisition-related legal and consulting fees, adjustments to the fair value of the earn-out liability, and amortization of intangible assets of approximately $0.7 million and $1.6 million in the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively, which were recorded as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of income. As of the date of filing this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the preliminary purchase accounting has not been finalized as the Company continues to work with its valuation specialist to determine the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, including identified intangible assets.

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Basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the quarters and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was as follows:

Weighted-average shares represent the average number of issued shares less treasury shares and for the basic EPS calculations, unvested restricted stock.

Certain options representing 0.7 million and 1.0 million shares of common stock were outstanding at September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect on the computation would have been anti-dilutive.

The Company’s investments consist of mutual funds, which are part of the Computer Task Group, Incorporated Non-qualified Key Employee Deferred Compensation Plan. At September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s investment balances, which are classified as equity securities, totaled approximately $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and are measured at fair value. As there is an active trading market for these funds, fair value was determined using Level 1 inputs (see note 2 for “Fair Value”). Unrealized gains and losses on these securities are recorded in earnings and were nominal in both the 2018 and 2017 third quarter and year-to-date periods.

In December 2017, the Company entered into a new credit and security agreement with its bank, which provides for a three-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $45.0 million, including a sublimit of $10.0 million for letters of credit and a $10.0 million sublimit for swing line loans. In connection with execution of the credit and security agreement, the Company concurrently repaid in full and terminated the credit agreement dated October 30, 2015.

The new agreement expires in December 2020, and has interest rates ranging from 150 to 200 basis points over LIBOR or the greater of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the federal fund effective rate plus 50 basis points, and (iii) adjusted LIBOR plus 100 basis points plus a spread ranging from 50 to 100 basis points based on the amounts outstanding under the Credit and Security Agreement. The Company can borrow under the agreement with either rate at its discretion.  At September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was $3.1 million and $4.4 million outstanding under the respective revolving credit agreements. The Company borrows or repays its debt as needed based upon its working capital obligations, including the timing of the U.S. bi-weekly payroll.

The maximum amounts outstanding under the credit agreement in the 2018 and 2017 third quarters was $7.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively, while borrowings during those quarters averaged $4.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively, and carried weighted average interest rates of 3.4% and 2.9%, respectively. 

Under the new agreement, the Company is required to meet certain financial covenants in order to maintain borrowings under its revolving credit line, pay dividends, and make acquisitions. The covenants are measured quarterly, and at September 28, 2018, included a fixed charge coverage ratio, which must be less than 1.10 to 1.00, consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) must be no less than $5.0 million for the trailing

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twelve months, and capital expenditures for property, plant, equipment, and capitalized software must be no more than $5.0 million in any annual period. The fixed charge coverage ratio is only tested if availability on a measurement date is less than $5.625 million. Actual borrowings by CTG under the Credit Agreement are subject to a borrowing base, which is a formula based on certain eligible receivables and reserves. Total availability as of September 28, 2018 was approximately $33.0 million. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at September 28, 2018 as EBITDA was $9.5 million and capital expenditures for property, equipment and capitalized software were $1.9 million in the 2018 year-to-date period. The Company was also in compliance with its covenants at September 29, 2017.

The components that make up accumulated other comprehensive loss on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows: 

During the 2018 and 2017 third quarters and first three quarters, actuarial losses were amortized to expense as follows:

The amortization of both prior service cost and actuarial losses are included in determining net periodic pension cost. See note 9, "Deferred Compensation and Other Benefits" for additional information.

The Company’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) is calculated quarterly based upon current assumptions relating to the full year’s estimated operating results and various tax-related items. The 2018 third quarter and year-to-date ETR was 22.0% and 24.3%, respectively, and 2017 third quarter ETR was 86.6% and the 2017 year-to-date ETR was 45.0%.

The ETR was lower in the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date periods primarily due to a non-taxable life insurance gain, the Tax Cuts and Jobs act which reduced the US federal corporate tax rate to 21%, and tax benefits for the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and Credit for Increasing Research Activities (R&D). 

The ETR was higher in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date primarily due lower pre-tax income and the adoption of ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which required the company to record approximately $0.2 million in the 2017 third quarter, and $0.3 million in the 2017 year-to-date period of additional tax expense for shortfalls in the quarter that would previously have been recorded to capital in excess of par value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. This additional tax expense was partially offset by tax benefits for the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and Credit for Increasing Research Activities (R&D).     

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; (2) requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries; (3) generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (4) requiring a current inclusion in U.S. federal taxable income of certain earnings of controlled foreign corporations; (5) eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (6) creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax (BEAT), a new minimum tax; (7) creating a new limitation on deductible interest expense; and (8) changing rules related to uses and limitations of net operating loss carryforwards created in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017.

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Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes, requires companies to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment. However, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118, which allows companies to record provisional amounts during a measurement period that is similar to the measurement period used when accounting for business combinations. The Company has recorded a reasonable estimate when possible and with the understanding that the provisional amount is subject to further adjustments under SAB 118.

As a result, the Company has recorded the following provisional amounts in the financial statements at September 28, 2018, which will be revised, if necessary, as the computations become finalized during the measurement period.

As of September 28, 2018, the Company has completed its accounting for the following provision of the Tax Act:

The Company has not recorded a U.S. deferred tax liability for the excess book basis over the tax basis of its investments in foreign subsidiaries as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.

In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), which gives entities the option to reclassify to retained earnings the tax effects resulting from the Act related to items in AOCI that the FASB refers to as having been stranded in AOCI. The Company must adopt this guidance for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance, when adopted, will require new disclosures regarding a company’s accounting policy for releasing the tax effects in AOCI and permit the company the option to reclassify to retained earnings the tax effects resulting from the Act that are stranded in AOCI. The Company is currently evaluating how to apply the new guidance and has not determined whether it will elect to reclassify stranded amounts. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 is not expected to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company maintains a non-qualified defined benefit Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan (ESBP) that provides certain former key executives with deferred compensation benefits, based on years of service and base compensation, payable during retirement. The plan was amended as of November 30, 1994, to freeze benefits for the participants in the plan at that time.

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The Company retained certain potential obligations related to a contributory defined-benefit plan for its previous employees located in the Netherlands (NDBP) when the Company disposed of its subsidiary, CTG Nederland, B.V. Benefits paid are a function of a percentage of career average pay. This plan was curtailed for additional contributions in January 2003.

The Company also maintains a fully funded pension plan related to Belgium employees (BDBP). This is a plan with active employees and the Company expects to make future contributions.

As a result of the acquisition of Soft Company on February 15, 2018, the Company maintains an unfunded pension plan related to the Soft Company employees. The Company does not anticipate making contributions to the plan in 2018. The Company also does not expect to make benefit payments in 2018.

Net periodic pension cost for the quarters and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 for the plan was as follows:

The ESBP is deemed to be unfunded as the Company has not specifically identified assets to be used to discharge the deferred compensation benefit liabilities. The Company has purchased insurance on the lives of certain plan participants in amounts deemed to be sufficient to reimburse the Company for the costs associated with the plan for those participants (see note 2 for “Life Insurance Policies”). The Company does not anticipate making contributions to the plan other than for benefit payments as required in 2018 and future years. In the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date periods, the Company made benefit payments totaling approximately $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, and expects to make payments in 2018 totaling approximately $0.7 million.

The Company also retained a contributory defined benefit plan for its previous employees located in the Netherlands (NDBP) when the Company disposed of its subsidiary, CTG Nederland, B.V. Benefits paid are a function of a percentage of career average pay. This plan was curtailed for additional contributions in January 2003.

The Company does not anticipate making contributions to the NDBP in 2018. The assets for the NDBP are held by Aegon, a financial services firm located in the Netherlands. The Company maintains a contract with Aegon to insure future benefit payments of the NDBP; however, due to certain terms of the agreement and potential obligations to the Company, the NDBP has not been settled. The benefit payments to be made in 2018 are expected to be paid by Aegon from plan assets. The assets for the plan are included in a general portfolio of government bonds, a portion of which is allocated to the NDBP based upon the estimated pension liability associated with the plan. The fair market value of the plan’s assets equals the contractual value of the NDBP at any point in time. The fair value of the assets is determined using a Level 3 methodology (see note 2 for “Fair Value”). In 2018, the plan investments have a targeted minimum return to the Company of 4.0%, which is consistent with historical returns and the 4.0% return guaranteed to the participants of the plan. The Company, in conjunction with Aegon, intends to maintain the current investment strategy of investing plan assets solely in government bonds throughout 2018.

The BDBP is considered fully funded. The Company made contributions of $0.1 million and $0.3 million in the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date period, respectively and made contributions of $0.1 million and $0.3 million in the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date period, respectively. The Company made benefit payments totaling less than $0.1 million in both the 2018 and 2017 second quarters and expects to make payments in 2018 of $0.1 million.

The assets for the BDBP are held by Allianz, a financial services firm located in Belgium. The Company maintains a contract with Allianz to insure future benefit payments of the BDBP. Contributions made by the Company to Allianz are based on employees’ current salaries. The benefit payments to be made in 2018 are expected to be paid by Allianz from plan assets. The assets for the plan are included in the overall portfolio of assets held by Allianz. The fair market value of the plan’s assets equals the contractual value of the BDBP in any given year (which is the mathematical reserve held by Allianz). The fair value of the assets is determined using a Level 3 methodology (see note 1 “Summary of Significant

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Accounting Policies—Fair Value”). Allianz does not guarantee a minimum return on the plan investments, whereas Belgian law sets a minimum return to be guaranteed to the participants of the plan.

The change in the fair value of plan assets for the three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was as follows:

The Company maintains the Key Employee Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for certain key executives. Company contributions to this plan, if any, are based on annually defined financial performance objectives. Cash contributions made to this plan in the 2018 first quarter for amounts earned in 2017 totaled $0.0 million, while contributions to the plan in the 2017 first quarter for amounts earned in 2016 totaled $0.1 million. The investments in the plan are included in the total assets of the Company, and are discussed in note 5, “Investments.” Participants in the plan have the ability to purchase stock units from the Company at current market prices using their available investment balances within the plan. In exchange for the cash received, the Company releases shares out of treasury stock equivalent to the number of share units purchased by the participants. These shares of common stock are not entitled to any voting rights, but will receive dividends in the event any are paid. The shares are being held by the Company, and will be released to the participants as prescribed by their payment elections under the plan. There were no stock units purchased in the 2018 or 2017 first, second or third quarters.

The Company maintains the Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan for its non-employee directors. Contributions in both the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date periods were $0.0 million. Previously, at the time the contributions were made, the non-employee directors elected to purchase stock units from the Company at current market prices using their available investment balance within the plan. Consistent with the Key Employee Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, in return for funds received, the Company released shares out of treasury stock equivalent to the number of share units purchased by the participants. These shares of common stock are not entitled to any voting rights, but will receive dividends in the event any are paid. The shares are being held by the Company, and will be released to the participants as prescribed by their payment elections under the plan.

During the 2018 second quarter and first quarter, the Company granted restricted stock totaling 214,054 shares and 261,496 shares, respectively, which were funded out of treasury stock. During the 2017 second and first quarter, the Company granted 316,165 shares and 7,500 shares, respectively, which were funded out of treasury stock. There were no restricted stock grants issued during the 2018 third quarter.

Of the 261,496 shares granted in the 2018 first quarter, 216,600 shares represented performance grants with a market condition that were granted to senior management on March 20, 2018. Under these grant agreements, the Company’s stock price must increase 50% to $12.27 for a 30-day period within a three-year period from the date of grant for 50% of the grants to vest. The Company’s stock price must increase 100% to $16.36 for a 30-day period within a three-year period from the date of grant for the remaining 50% of the grants to vest.  

For these performance grants, the price on the date of grant was $8.18 per share, the expected volatility was 34.5%, the expected dividend yield is zero, and the risk-free rate of return was 2.47%. Given these assumptions, the tranche of the grants that will vest with a 50% increase in the stock price have a value using a binomial model of $2.30 per share, and a derived service period of 1.26 years.  For the tranche of the grants that will vest with a 100% increase in the stock price, the value of the shares is $1.30 per share and have a derived service period of 1.85 years.  The Company is expensing these grants over the derived service period as noted for each tranche of a grant. There were no additional performance awards granted in the 2018 third quarter.

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During the third quarter of 2017, the Company announced a new Board compensation program to further align with shareholders. Under the new compensation program, director Board fees in 2018 will be paid exclusively in deferred stock units. Of the 214,054 shares and 261,496 shares granted in the 2018 second and first quarter, 118,154 shares and 41,021 shares, respectively, represented restricted stock units that were granted to the Board of Directors. The shares granted to the Board of Directors in the 2018 second quarter represent direct Board fees for the 2018 second, third, and fourth quarters. The shares vest upon a director’s retirement from the Board. The Company is expensing these grants ratably over each quarter of service.

Of the remaining 99,775 shares granted in the 2018 second and first quarter, 3,875 shares vest over a period of three years, with 33% of the grant vesting one year from the date of grant and another 33% vesting each year thereafter until the grant is fully vested to the employee. The remaining 95,900 shares granted in 2018 second and first quarter vest over a period of four years, with 25% of the grant vesting one year from the date of grant, and another 25% vesting each year thereafter until the grant is fully vested to the employee. The 2017 grants also vest over a period of four years. The Company recognizes compensation expense for these grants over the expected term of the grant.

The restricted shares granted are considered outstanding, can be voted, and are eligible to receive dividends in the event any are paid. However, the restricted shares do not include a non-forfeitable right for the holder to receive dividends and none will be paid in the event the awards do not vest. Accordingly, only vested shares of outstanding restricted stock are included in the basic earnings per share calculation. The shares and share units were granted from the 2010 Equity Award Plan and the 1991 Restricted Stock plan.

The Company granted 13,100 stock options during the 2018 first quarter on February 20, 2018.  The options have a fair value of $1.91 per share using a Black-Scholes valuation model.  The assumptions used to calculate that fair value include the price on date of grant of $6.45, an expected life of 3.7 years, expected volatility of 34.9%, an expected dividend yield of zero, and a risk free rate of 2.4%. The options vest ratably over three years, and are being expensed over that period. The options were granted from the 2010 Equity Award Plan. There were no additional stock options issued during the 2018 third quarter.

The Company also granted performance share units to one executive during the 2018 first quarter. The performance share units vest over three years and will convert to shares upon vesting. The total number of shares granted to the recipient will be determined based upon the Company’s achievement of certain revenue targets. The performance share units have a fair value of less than $0.1 million and are being expensed ratably over the three-year vesting period. There were no additional performance share units issued during the 2018 third quarter. 

During the 2016 fourth quarter, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company’s stock over the subsequent two year period. This repurchase authorization replaced the Company’s previous share authorization program. The Company’s Board of Directors approved a $10.0 million addition in the 2017 fourth quarter and a $10.0 million addition in the 2018 first quarter to the stock repurchase program to bring the authorization to $30.0 million in total.

On February 15, 2018, the Company announced its intent to commence in the future a modified “Dutch auction” tender offer to repurchase up to 10% of its outstanding shares of common stock. On April 20, 2018, the Company accepted for payment an aggregate of 1,530,990 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $8.85 per share, for an aggregate cost of approximately $13.5 million, excluding fees and expenses related to the tender offer.

The Company purchased a total of approximately 178,000 shares for treasury during the 2018 third quarter, and approximately 1,751,000 shares for treasury during the 2018 year-to-date period, including the share repurchased in the tender offer. At September 28, 2018, the Company had approximately $7.8 million left in its current stock repurchase authorization. During the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date periods, the Company issued 5,000 shares and 884,000, respectively, out of treasury stock primarily to fulfill the share requirements from purchases of stock in the Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan, stock option exercises, and restricted stock grants.

The Company purchased 276,000 shares for treasury during the 2017 third quarter, and 916,000 shares for treasury during the 2017 year-to-date period. At September 29, 2017, the Company had approximately $4.0 million left in its stock repurchase authorization. During the 2017 third quarter and year-to-date periods, the Company issued 31,000 shares and 644,000 shares, respectively, out of treasury stock primarily to fulfill the share requirements from purchase of stock in the Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan, stock option exercises, and restricted stock grants.

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In the 2018 third quarter, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) was the Company’s largest customer and accounted for $19.8 million or 22.0% of consolidated revenue compared with $18.6 million or 25.1% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2017 period. In the 2018 year-to-date period, IBM accounted for $60.6 million or 22.8% of consolidated revenue compared with $57.9 million or 25.5% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2017 period. During the 2017 third quarter, the National Technical Services Agreement with IBM was extended for two years and now expires on December 31, 2019. The Company’s accounts receivable from IBM at September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017 totaled $24.4 million and $21.5 million, respectively.

In the 2018 third quarter, SDI International (SDI) was the Company’s second largest customer and accounted for $7.1 million or 7.9% of consolidated revenue compared with $8.4 million or 11.3% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2017 period. In the 2018 year-to-date period, SDI accounted for $20.6 million or 7.8% of consolidated revenue compared with $27.2 million or 12.0% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2017 period. SDI acts as a vendor manager for Lenovo, and all of the Company's revenue generated through SDI is for employees working at Lenovo. The Company’s accounts receivable from SDI at September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017 totaled $4.6 million and $4.7 million, respectively.

No other customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company's revenue during the 2018 or 2017 third quarter or year-to-date periods.

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Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements made by the management of Computer Task Group, Incorporated (CTG, the Company or the Registrant) that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are based on information as of the date of this report. The Company assumes no obligation to update these statements based on information from and after the date of this report. Generally, forward-looking statements include words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “will” and words and phrases of similar impact. The forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding future operations, industry trends or conditions and the business environment, and statements regarding future levels of or trends in business strategy and expectations, new business opportunities, cost control initiatives, business wins, market demand, revenue, operating expenses, capital expenditures, and financing.  The forward-looking statements are made pursuant to safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Numerous factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including the following: (i) the availability to CTG of qualified professional staff,  (ii) domestic and foreign industry competition for clients and talent, (iii) increased bargaining power of large clients, (iv) the Company's ability to protect confidential client data, (v) the partial or complete loss of the revenue the Company generates from International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) and/or SDI International (SDI), (vi) the ability to integrate Soft Company business and retain its clients while achieving cost reduction targets, (vii) the uncertainty of clients' implementations of cost reduction projects, (viii) the effect of healthcare reform and initiatives, (ix) the mix of work between staffing and solutions, (x) currency exchange risks, (xi) risks associated with operating in foreign jurisdictions, (xii) renegotiations, nullification, or breaches of contracts with customers, vendors, subcontractors or other parties, (xiii) the change in valuation of capitalized software balances, (xiv) the impact of current and future laws and government regulation, as well as repeal or modification of such, affecting the information technology (IT) solutions and staffing industry, taxes and the Company's operations in particular, (xv) industry and economic conditions, including fluctuations in demand for IT services, (xvi) consolidation among the Company's competitors or clients, (xvii) the need to supplement or change the Company’s IT services in response to new offerings in the industry or changes in client requirements for IT products and solutions, (xviii) the risks associated with acquisitions, (xix) actions of activist shareholders, and (xx) the risks described in Item 1A of the Company’s most recently filed annual report on Form 10-K, and from time to time in the Company's reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Industry Trends

The Company operates in one industry segment, providing IT services to its clients. At the highest level, CTG delivers services that are considered either IT solutions or IT and other staffing. The market demand for the Company’s services is heavily dependent on IT spending by major corporations, organizations and government entities in the markets and regions that it serves. The pace of technological change and changes in business requirements and practices of the Company’s clients all have a significant impact on the demand for the services that CTG provides. Competition for new engagements and pricing pressure has been and, management believes, will continue to be strong.

IT solutions and IT and other staffing revenue as a percentage of total revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was as follows:

The Company promotes a significant portion of its services through five vertical market focus areas: technology service providers, manufacturing, healthcare (which includes services provided to healthcare providers, health insurers (payers), and life sciences companies), financial services, and energy. The Company focuses on these five vertical areas as it believes that these areas either are higher growth markets than the general IT services market and the general economy, or are areas that provide greater potential for the Company’s growth due to the size of the vertical market. The remainder of CTG’s revenue is derived from general markets.

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The Company’s revenue by vertical market as a percentage of total revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was as follows:

The IT services industry is extremely competitive and characterized by continuous changes in customer requirements and improvements in technologies. The Company’s competition varies significantly by geographic region, as well as by the type of service provided. Many of the Company’s competitors are larger than CTG, and have greater financial, technical, sales and marketing resources. In addition, the Company frequently competes with a client’s own internal IT staff. Our industry is impacted by the growing use of lower-cost offshore delivery capabilities (primarily India and other parts of Asia). Regularly, new IT products and services are introduced which may render our existing IT solutions and IT staffing services obsolete. The economic conditions in the markets we serve are continuously changing and may negatively affect our business if we cannot adapt to negative conditions as they occur. There can be no assurance that CTG will be able to continue to compete successfully with existing or future competitors or that future competition will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised good or service is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. For time-and-material contracts, revenue is recognized as hours are incurred and costs are expended. For contracts with progress billing schedules, primarily monthly, revenue is recognized as services are rendered to the customer. Revenue for fixed-price contracts is recognized over time using an input-based approach. Over time revenue recognition best portrays the Company’s performance in transferring control of the goods or services to the customer. On most fixed price contracts, revenue recognition is supported through contractual clauses that require the customer to pay for work performed to date, including cost plus a reasonable profit margin, for goods or services that have no alternative use to the Company. On certain contracts, revenue recognition is supported through contractual clauses that indicate the customer controls the asset, or work in process, as the Company creates or enhances the asset. On a given project, actual salary and indirect labor costs incurred are measured and compared with the total estimate of costs of such items at the completion of the project. Revenue is recognized based upon the percentage-of-completion calculation of total incurred costs to total estimated costs. The Company infrequently works on fixed-price projects that include significant amounts of material or other non-labor related costs that could distort the percent complete within a percentage-of-completion calculation. The Company’s estimate of the total labor costs it expects to incur over the term of the contract is based on the nature of the project and our experience on similar projects, and includes management judgments and estimates that affect the amount of revenue recognized on fixed-price contracts in any accounting period.  Losses on fixed-price projects are recorded when identified.

The Company’s revenue from contracts accounted for under time-and-material, progress billing and percentage-of-completion methods as a percentage of consolidated revenue for the quarters and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 was as follows:  

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Results of Operations

On October 29, 2018, the Company filed this Form 10-Q with the SEC for the quarterly period ended September 28, 2018. Previously, the Company had reported its condensed consolidated statement of income, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows for the quarterly period ended September 28, 2018 with a financial press release dated October 18, 2018, filed with the SEC under Form 8-K. Subsequent to the financial press release and prior to the filing of this Form 10-Q, the Company recorded additional tax expense of approximately $0.1 million for the 2018 third quarter. The additional tax expense resulted in a $0.01 decrease in basic earnings per share for both the quarter and three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and had no impact on diluted earnings per share for the quarter and three quarters ended September 28, 2018. In addition, the Company revised the presentation of proceeds received from life insurance loans in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three quarters ended September 28, 2018. The Company presented $3.7 million of net cash provided by operating activities and $9.0 million of net cash provided by financing activities in the financial press release. The Company presented $0.3 million of net cash used in operating activities and $13.0 million of net cash provided by financing activities in this Form 10-Q. There were no other significant changes to the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income, balance sheet or statement of cash flows that had previously been included in the financial press release dated October 18, 2018.

The table below sets forth data as contained in the condensed consolidated statements of income with the percentage information calculated as a percentage of consolidated revenue.

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The Company recorded revenue in the 2018 and 2017 periods as follows:

There were 63 billable days in both the 2018 and 2017 third quarters. Reimbursable expenses billed to customers and included in revenue totaled $0.8 million in both the 2018 and 2017 third quarters.

There were 191 billable days in both the 2018 and 2017 year-to-date periods. Reimbursable expenses billed to customers and included in revenue totaled $2.5 million in both the 2018 and 2017 year-to-date periods.

The revenue increase in North America in the 2018 third quarter as compared with the corresponding 2017 period was primarily due to an increase in demand for both the IT staffing and solutions businesses, primarily in the Company’s technology services provider and healthcare vertical markets.

On a consolidated basis, IT solutions revenue increased $7.1 million or 32.3% in the 2018 third quarter, and $15.7 million or 23.3% in the 2018 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2017 periods. The increase is primarily due to an increase in IT solutions services in Europe and the addition of Soft Company, which was acquired on February 15, 2018. Soft Company primarily specializes in providing IT services to finance, insurance, telecom, and media services companies. The increase was also due in part to the additional IT solutions revenue from the Company’s healthcare vertical market in North America.

On a consolidated basis, IT and other staffing revenue increased $9.2 million or 17.6% in the 2018 third quarter, and $23.4 million or 14.7% in the 2018 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2017 periods. The IT staffing increase was primarily due to the addition of Soft Company in the 2018 first quarter, growth in IT staffing in North America, and in part due to a change in accounting related to the new revenue recognition standard which requires revenue we previously recorded on a net basis to now be recorded on a gross basis for billable subcontractors. The Company recorded approximately $0.9 million, or 1.0% of our 2018 third quarter consolidated revenue and $3.8 million, or 1.4% of our 2018 year-to-date consolidated revenue on a gross basis during the third quarter of 2018, which would have been recorded on a net basis under our historic accounting under Topic 605. This accounting change solely related to the IT and other staffing services.

Following the acquisition of Soft Company, which relies heavily on billable subcontractors, we have revised how we define and calculate headcount in order to report all billable consultants, including both employees and subcontractors. Based on this new approach, CTG’s headcount at September 28, 2018 was approximately 4,150, which was a 20.3% increase from approximately 3,450 employees at September 29, 2017, and a 22.1% increase from approximately 3,400 employees at December 31, 2017.

Revenue in the Company’s international locations in the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date periods as compared with the corresponding 2017 periods increased primarily due to a significant increase in IT solutions and IT staffing demand across a number of the Company’s vertical markets and the addition of Soft Company, which was acquired on February 15, 2018. 

The revenue increase in Europe where the Company operates (Belgium, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, and France) in the 2018 third quarter was impacted in part by the relative weakness of the U.S. dollar as compared with the currencies of Belgium, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, and France. In Belgium, Luxembourg, and France, where a

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significant portion of the Company’s revenue from its international locations is generated, the functional currency is the Euro, while in the United Kingdom the functional currency is the British Pound. In the 2018 third quarter as compared with the 2017 third quarter, the average value of the Euro decreased 0.9% while the average value of the British Pound decreased 0.5%. If there had been no change in these exchange rates from the 2017 third quarter to the 2018 third quarter, total European revenue would have been approximately $0.3 million higher, or $31.3 million as compared with the $31.0 million reported and operating income would have been approximately $0.8 million, which is consistent with the amount reported. In the 2018 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2017 period, the average value of the Euro increased 7.2% while the average value of the British Pound increased 5.9%. If there had been no change in these exchange rates from the first three quarters of 2017 to the corresponding 2018 period, total European revenue would have been approximately $6.0 million lower, or $86.2 million as compared with the $92.2 million reported and operating income would have been approximately $0.3 million lower, or $3.9 million as compared with the $4.2 million reported.

The Company continues to assess the potential impact, if any, that the United Kingdom’s proposed exit from the European Union will have on the Company’s operations. As the total revenue generated by our British subsidiary is immaterial as compared with the Company’s total consolidated revenue, we do not expect the impact of the pending exit to have a material impact on the Company’s operations.

In the 2018 third quarter, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) was the Company’s largest customer and accounted for $19.8 million or 22.0% of consolidated revenue compared with $18.6 million or 25.1% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2017 period. In the 2018 year-to-date period, IBM accounted for $60.6 million or 22.8% of consolidated revenue compared with $57.9 million or 25.5% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2017 period. During the 2017 third quarter, the National Technical Services Agreement with IBM was extended for two years and now expires on December 31, 2019. The Company’s accounts receivable from IBM at September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017 totaled $24.4 million and $21.5 million, respectively.

In the 2018 third quarter, SDI International (SDI) was the Company’s second largest customer and accounted for $7.1 million or 7.9% of consolidated revenue compared with $8.4 million or 11.3% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2017 period.  In the 2018 year-to-date period, SDI accounted for $20.6 million or 7.8% of consolidated revenue compared with $27.2 million or 12.0% of consolidated revenue in the comparable 2017 period. SDI acts as a vendor manager for Lenovo, and all of the Company's revenue generated through SDI is for employees working at Lenovo. The Company’s accounts receivable from SDI at September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017 totaled $4.6 million and $4.7 million, respectively.

No other customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company's revenue during the 2018 or 2017 third quarters or year-to-date periods.

Direct costs, defined as the costs for billable staff including billable out-of-pocket expenses, were 80.8% of revenue in the 2018 third quarter as compared with 82.4% of revenue in the 2017 third quarter, and 80.9% of revenue in the 2018 year-to-date period as compared with 81.9% of revenue in the corresponding 2017 period. The Company’s direct costs as a percentage of revenue decreased in the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date periods as compared with the corresponding 2017 periods due to a change in the business mix to a higher percentage of IT solutions business which has lower direct costs, and lower fringe benefit costs in 2018. Direct costs decreased in the 2018 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2017 period primarily due to an improvement in employee utilization year-over-year and a decrease in medical costs.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were 18.3% of revenue in the 2018 third quarter as compared with 17.0% in the corresponding 2017 period, and 18.0% of revenue in the 2018 year-to-date period and 17.0% of revenue in the corresponding 2017 period. The increase in SG&A expenses year-over-year is primarily due to SG&A expenses associated with our operating units as the Company continues to make investments in sales, recruiting and delivery resources in order to focus on its long-term growth, and acquisition-related costs, including amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisition of Soft Company, totaling $0.7 million and $1.6 million in the third quarter and year-to-date period in 2018, respectively.

Interest and other income was 0.6% of revenue in the 2018 third quarter, as compared with interest and other expense of 0.2% of revenue in the 2017 third quarter, and interest and other income was 0.1% of revenue in the 2018 year-to-date period compared with expense of 0.1% in the corresponding 2017 period. The increase in interest and other income is primarily due to a non-taxable life insurance gain $0.8 million in the 2018 third quarter related to the death of a former executive.

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Consolidated operating income was 0.9% of revenue in the 2018 third quarter, as compared with 0.6% of revenue in the 2017 third quarter, and 1.1% of revenue in the 2018 and 2017 year-to-date periods.

The Company’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) is calculated quarterly based upon current assumptions relating to the full year’s estimated operating results and various tax-related items. The 2018 third quarter and year-to-date ETR was 22.0% and 24.3%, respectively, and 2017 third quarter ETR was 86.6% and the 2017 year-to-date ETR was 45.0%.

The ETR was lower in the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date periods primarily due to a non-taxable life insurance gain, the Tax Cuts and Jobs act, which reduced the US federal corporate tax rate to 21%, and tax benefits for the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) and Credit for Increasing Research Activities (R&D). 

Net income was 1.2% of revenue or $0.08 per diluted share in the 2018 third quarter, as compared with 0.1% of revenue or $0.00 per diluted share in the 2017 third quarter, and 0.9% or $0.17 per diluted share in the 2018 year-to-date period compared with 0.6% or $0.08 in the 2017 year-to-date period. Diluted earnings per share was calculated using 14.1 million and 15.3 million weighted-average equivalent shares outstanding for the quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively, and 14.6 million and 15.4 million weighted-average equivalent shares outstanding for the three quarters ended September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017, respectively. The decrease in weighted-equivalent shares outstanding in 2018 is primarily due to the Dutch auction tender offer where the Company repurchased 10% of its outstanding shares in April 2018.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company’s management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company’s significant accounting policies, along with the underlying assumptions and judgments made by the Company’s management in their application, have a significant impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company identifies its critical accounting policies as those that are the most pervasive and important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial position and results of operations, and that require the most difficult, subjective and/or complex judgments by management regarding estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. The Company’s critical accounting policies are those related to income taxes, specifically relating to the valuation allowance for deferred income taxes.

Income Taxes—Valuation Allowances on Deferred Tax Assets

At September 28, 2018, the Company had a total of approximately $2.2 million of non-current deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, recorded on its consolidated balance sheet. The deferred tax assets, net, primarily consist of deferred compensation, loss carryforwards and state taxes. The changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities from period to period are determined based upon the changes in differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the basis of assets and liabilities for tax purposes, as measured by the expected tax rates when these differences are estimated to reverse. The Company has made certain assumptions regarding the timing of the reversal of these assets and liabilities, and whether taxable income in future periods will be sufficient to recognize all or a part of any gross deferred tax asset of the Company.

At September 28, 2018, the Company had deferred tax assets recorded resulting from net operating losses in previous years totaling approximately $1.0 million. The Company has analyzed each jurisdiction’s tax position, including forecasting potential taxable income in future periods and the expiration of the net operating loss carryforwards as applicable, and determined that it is unclear whether all of these deferred tax assets will be realized at any point in the future. Accordingly, at September 28, 2018, the Company had offset a portion of these assets with a valuation allowance totaling $0.8 million, resulting in a net deferred tax asset from net operating loss carryforwards of $0.2 million.

The Company’s deferred tax assets and their potential realizability are evaluated each quarter to determine if any changes should be made to the valuation allowance. Any change in the valuation allowance in the future could result in a change in the Company’s ETR. A 1% change in the ETR in the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date period would have increased or decreased net income by approximately $14,000 and $32,000, respectively.

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Other Estimates

The Company has also made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of its assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare the consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, the FASB, and other regulatory authorities. Such estimates primarily relate to the purchase accounting for acquisitions, valuation of stock options and restricted stock for recording equity-based compensation expense, allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, investment valuation, legal matters, and estimates of progress toward completion and direct profit or loss on contracts, as applicable. As future events and their effect on the Company's operating results cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates. Changes in the economic climates in which the Company operates may affect these estimates and will be reflected in the Company’s financial statements in the event they occur.

Financial Condition and Liquidity

Cash used in operating activities was $0.3 million in the 2018 year-to-date period (2018 period), compared with cash provided by operating activities of $11.9 million in the 2017 year-to-date period (2017 period). In the 2018 period, net income was $2.4 million, while other non-cash adjustments, primarily consisting of depreciation expense, equity-based compensation, deferred income taxes, non-taxable gain from a life insurance policy on a former executive in the 2018 third quarter, and deferred compensation totaled $2.0 million. In the 2017 period, the net income was $1.2 million, while the corresponding non-cash adjustments totaled $2.9 million.

The accounts receivable balance increased $8.6 million in the 2018 period, and decreased $7.3 million in the 2017 period. The increase in the accounts receivable balance in the 2018 period primarily resulted from an increase in revenue of 17.2% in the 2018 period as compared with the prior period, partially offset by a decrease in days sales outstanding (DSO) of 4 days to 82 days from 86 days at December 31, 2017. The decrease in the accounts receivable balance in the 2017 period primarily resulted from a decrease in DSO of 3 days to 82 days at September 29, 2017 from 85 days at December 31, 2016, offset by a decrease in revenue in 2017 as compared with 2016.

Prepaid and other current assets increased $1.8 million and $0.3 million in the 2018 and 2017 periods, respectively, due to payments made in the first and third quarter of the respective year that are then expensed throughout the year. The cash surrender value of life insurance decreased $0.1 million and increased $0.6 million in the 2018 and 2017 periods, respectively, primarily due to the death of a former executive, offset by normal valuation increases and premiums paid for life insurance.

Accrued compensation increased $7.0 million and $3.3 million in the 2018 and 2017 periods, respectively. Accrued compensation changed in each period due to the timing of the U.S. bi-weekly payroll that was paid on September 28, 2018 and September 29, 2017 as compared with December 31, 2017 and 2016. Advance billings on contracts increased $0.8 million and $0.9 million in the 2018 and 2017 periods, respectively, due to the timing of invoices sent to clients under contracts in progress at September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Investing activities used $13.2 million and $2.0 million of cash in the 2018 and 2017 periods, respectively. Cash paid for the acquisition of Soft Company, net of cash acquired was approximately $13.8 million, which includes the $12.9 million net cash paid in the 2018 first quarter as well as an earn-out payment of approximately $0.9 million, which was paid in the 2018 second quarter based on the achievement by Soft Company of certain revenue and EBIT targets for fiscal 2017. The Company used cash for additions to property, equipment, and capitalized software of $1.9 million in the 2018 period and $1.3 million in the 2017 period. The Company has no significant commitments for the purchase of property and equipment at September 28, 2018, and does not expect the amount to be spent proportionately in the remaining three months of 2018 on additions to property, equipment and capitalized software to significantly vary from the amount proportionately spent in the first nine months of 2018. The Company received approximately $1.8 million of proceeds from the sale of its corporate administrative building in the first quarter of 2018. As the carrying value of the building was $1.6 million, the Company recorded a gain of $0.1 million after applicable fees. In addition, the Company received approximately $1.1 million of proceeds from a life insurance policy on a former executive in the 2018 first quarter and paid premiums totaling approximately $0.6 million for life insurance policies in the 2018 period. Net cash received from the Company's deferred compensation plans was approximately $0.2 million in the 2018 period as compared with net payments of less than $0.1 million in the 2017 period.

Financing activities provided $13.0 million of cash in the 2018 period and used $8.9 million in the 2017 period. Cash repaid under the Company’s revolving line of credit to fund working capital obligations netted to $1.3 million in the 2018

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period and $4.7 million in the 2017 period. The Company recorded $1.8 million in the 2018 period and $0.7 million in the 2017 period from the proceeds from stock option exercises. The Company borrowed approximately $28.2 million against the cash surrender value of its life insurance policies, primarily to return capital to shareholders through the “Dutch Auction” tender offer, fund the acquisition of Soft Company, and for general working capital purposes. Payments made to taxing authorities that represent the value of shares withheld for taxes in employee equity-based compensation transactions totaled $0.3 million in both the 2018 and 2017 periods. Cash overdrafts relate to the amount of outstanding checks at a point in time, and netted to $0.7 million and less than ($0.1) million in the 2018 and 2017 periods, respectively. The Company also used approximately $14.9 million to purchase 1,751,000 shares for treasury under its buyback program in the 2018 period, including 1,530,990 shares purchased under the “Dutch Auction” tender offer in the 2018 second quarter. The Company also used approximately $4.8 million to purchase 916,000 shares for treasury under its buyback program in the 2017 period. As of September 28, 2018, $7.8 million was available under the Company's authorization to purchase shares in future periods.

In December 2017, the Company entered into a new credit and security agreement with its bank, which provides for a three-year revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $45.0 million, including a sublimit of $10.0 million for letters of credit and a $10.0 million sublimit for swing line loans. In connection with execution of the credit and security agreement, the Company concurrently repaid in full and terminated the credit agreement dated October 30, 2015.

The new agreement expires in December 2020, and has interest rates ranging from 150 to 200 basis points over LIBOR or the greater of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the federal fund effective rate plus 50 basis points, and (iii) adjusted LIBOR plus 100 basis points plus a spread ranging from 50 to 100 basis points based on the amounts outstanding under the Credit and Security Agreement. The Company can borrow under the agreement with either rate at its discretion.

At September 28, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was $3.1 million and $4.4 million outstanding under the revolving credit agreement. The Company borrows or repays its debt as needed based upon its working capital obligations, including the timing of the U.S. bi-weekly payroll. The maximum amounts outstanding under its credit agreements in the 2018 and 2017 third quarters was $7.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively, while borrowings during those quarters averaged $4.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively, and carried weighted average interest rates of 3.4% and 2.9%, respectively. 

Under the new agreement, the Company is required to meet certain financial covenants in order to maintain borrowings under its revolving credit line, pay dividends, and make acquisitions. The covenants are measured quarterly, and at September 28, 2018, included a fixed charge coverage ratio, which must be less than 1.10 to 1.00, consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) must be no less than $5.0 million for the trailing twelve months, and capital expenditures for property, plant, equipment, and capitalized software must be no more than $5.0 million in any annual period. The fixed charge coverage ratio is only tested if availability on a measurement date is less than $5.625 million. Actual borrowings by CTG under the Credit Agreement are subject to a borrowing base, which is a formula based on certain eligible receivables and reserves. Total availability as of September 28, 2018 was approximately $33.0 million. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at September 28, 2018 as EBITDA was $9.5 million and capital expenditures for property, equipment and capitalized software were $1.9 million in 2018 year-to-date period. The Company was also in compliance with its covenants at September 29, 2017.

Of the total cash and cash equivalents reported on the consolidated balance sheet at September 28, 2018 of $10.5 million, approximately $9.8 million was held by the Company’s foreign locations and is considered to be indefinitely reinvested in those locations. The Company has not repatriated any of its cash and cash equivalents from its foreign locations in the past five years, and does not intend to do so in the foreseeable future as the funds are required to meet the working capital needs of its foreign locations.

The Company believes existing internally available funds, cash potentially generated from future operations, and funds available under the Company's revolving line of credit (subject to collateral limits) totaling $33.0 million will be sufficient to meet foreseeable working capital and capital expenditure needs, fund stock repurchases, pay a dividend (if any are declared), fund acquisitions, and allow for future internal growth and expansion.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company did not have off-balance sheet arrangements or transactions in the 2018 or 2017 year-to-date periods other than guarantees in our international locations that support office leases and the performance under government contracts. These guarantees totaled approximately $0.9 million at September 28, 2018.

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Contractual Obligations

The Company did not enter into any significant contractual obligations during the quarter ended September 28, 2018.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)," ("ASU 2014-09"). On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606 using the cumulative effect method and applied the requirements of the new standard to only projects that were open as of January 1, 2018. Results for the reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.

The Company recorded a net positive adjustment to beginning retained earnings of less than $0.1 million and a corresponding amount to unbilled receivables as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606, primarily related to a change in the identification of performance obligations on certain projects. In addition, the Company evaluated its principal and agent conclusions when more than one party is involved in providing goods or service to a customer. The Company recorded approximately $0.9 million, or 1.0% of our 2018 third quarter consolidated revenue and approximately $3.8 million, or 1.4% of our 2018 year-to-date revenue on a gross basis, which would have been recorded on a net basis under our historic accounting under Topic 605. The Company reported $90.3 million and $265.6 million of revenue in the 2018 third quarter and 2018 year-to-date period, respectively, under Topic 606 and the Company would have reported approximately $89.4 million and $261.8 million of revenue under Topic 605.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. Topic 842 supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840, Leases. This guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018; however, early adoption is permitted. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715),” which requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. The amendments in this Update should be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement. The Company has adopted this standard and has applied it retrospectively in the 2018 first quarter. Upon adoption, the Company increased direct costs by approximately $0.1 and reduced selling, general, and administrative expenses and interest and other expenses by less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for the 2017 third quarter and increased direct costs by approximately $0.1 million and reduced selling, general, and administrative expenses and interest and other expenses by approximately $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for the 2017 year-to-date period.

The Company’s primary market risk exposure consists of foreign currency exchange risk associated with the Company’s international locations.

Revenue in the Company’s European locations in the 2018 third quarter and year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2017 period significantly increased primarily due to an increase in IT solutions and staffing work across a number of the Company’s vertical markets and the integration of Soft Company, which was acquired on February 15,

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2018. The revenue increase in Europe where the Company operates (Belgium, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, and France) in the 2018 third quarter was impacted in part by the relative weakness of the U.S. dollar as compared with the currencies of Belgium, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, and France. In Belgium, Luxembourg, and France, where a significant portion of the Company’s revenue from its international locations is generated, the functional currency is the Euro, while in the United Kingdom the functional currency is the British Pound. In the 2018 third quarter as compared with the 2017 third quarter, the average value of the Euro decreased 0.9% while the average value of the British Pound decreased 0.5%. If there had been no change in these exchange rates from the 2017 third quarter to the 2018 third quarter, total European revenue would have been approximately $0.3 million higher, or $31.3 million as compared with the $31.0 million reported and operating income would have been approximately $0.8 million, which is consistent with the amount reported. In the 2018 year-to-date period as compared with the corresponding 2017 period, the average value of the Euro increased 7.2% while the average value of the British Pound increased 5.9%. If there had been no change in these exchange rates from the first three quarters of 2017 to the corresponding 2018 period, total European revenue would have been approximately $6.0 million lower, or $86.2 million as compared with the $92.2 million reported and operating income would have been approximately $0.3 million lower, or $3.9 million as compared with the $4.2 million reported.

The Company has historically not used any market risk sensitive instruments to hedge its foreign currency exchange risk. The Company believes the market risk related to intercompany balances in future periods will not have a material effect on its results of operations.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operations of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this periodic report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Company reviews the effectiveness of its internal controls on a continuous basis, and makes changes as necessary. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report, which ended on September 28, 2018, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

None

There were no material changes in the Company's risk factors from those previously disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2017.

During the 2016 fourth quarter, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of stock over the subsequent two-year period. The Company’s Board of Directors approved a $10.0 million addition in the 2017 fourth quarter and a $10.0 million addition in the 2018 first quarter to the stock repurchase program to bring the authorization to $30.0 million in total. This share repurchase authorization replaced the Company’s previous share repurchase program. On February 15, 2018, the Company announced its intent to commence in the future a modified “Dutch auction” tender offer to repurchase up to 10% of its outstanding shares of common stock. On April 20, 2018, the Company accepted for payment an aggregate of 1,530,990 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $8.85 per share, for an aggregate cost of approximately $13.5 million, excluding fees and expenses related to the tender offer. The information below does not include shares withheld by or surrendered to the Company either to satisfy the exercise cost for the cashless exercise of employee stock options, or to satisfy tax withholding obligations associated with equity awards as the number of shares is minor.