Comstock Holding Companies, Inc. - Annual Report: 2012 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

or

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number 001-32375

Comstock Holding Companies, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1886 Metro Center Drive, 4th Floor, Reston, Virginia 20190

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (703) 883-1700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.    x  Yes    ¨  No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant (10,247,394 shares) based on the last reported sale price of the registrant’s common equity on the Nasdaq Global Market (“NASDAQ”) on June 30, 2012, which was the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $13,424,086. For purposes of this computation, all officers, directors, and 10% beneficial owners of the registrant are deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily conclusive for other purposes.

As of March 27, 2013, there were outstanding 18,243,052 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 2,733,500 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed within 120 days after the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

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COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2012

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PART I

CAUTIONARY NOTES REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some of the statements contained in this report include forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “may,” “intend,” “expect,” “will,” “should,” “seeks” or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations and involve inherent risks and uncertainties including certain risks described in this report. When considering those forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risks, uncertainties and other cautionary statements made in this report. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, which speaks only as of the date made. Some factors which may affect the accuracy of the forward-looking statements apply generally to the real estate industry, while other factors apply directly to us. Any number of important factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include: general economic and market conditions, including interest rate levels; our ability to service our debt; inherent risks in investment in real estate; our ability to compete in the markets in which we operate; regulatory actions; fluctuations in operating results; our anticipated growth strategies; shortages and increased costs of labor or building materials; the availability and cost of land in desirable areas; natural disasters; our ability to raise debt and equity capital and grow our operations on a profitable basis and our continuing relationships with affiliates.

Many of these factors are beyond our control. For a discussion of factors that could cause actual results to differ, please see the discussion in this report under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A.

The following business description should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Comstock Holding Companies, Inc. is a multi-faceted real estate development and services company focused on the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. We have substantial experience with building a diverse range of products including apartments, single-family homes, townhouses, mid-rise condominiums, high-rise multi-family condominiums and mixed-use (residential and commercial) developments. Since our founding in 1985, and as of December 31, 2012, we have built and delivered more than 5,500 units generating total revenue in excess of $1.4 billion. References in this Form 10-K to “Comstock,” “Company”, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Comstock Holding Companies, Inc. together in each case with our subsidiaries and any predecessor entities unless the context suggests otherwise. Dollars in thousands unless otherwise indicated.

Our Operating Market

We are exclusively focused on the Washington, D.C. market, which is the eighth largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States. Our expertise in developing traditional and non-traditional housing products enables us to focus on a wide range of opportunities within our core market. We build homes and apartment buildings in suburban communities, where we focus on low density products such as single family detached homes, townhomes and mid-rise multi-family buildings, and in urban areas, where we focus on high density multi-family and mixed use products. For our homebuilding operations, we develop properties with the intent that they be sold either as fee-simple properties or condominiums to individual unit buyers or as investment properties sold to private or institutional investors. Our homebuilding products are designed to attract first-time, early move-up and secondary move-up buyers. We focus on products that we are able to offer for sale in the middle price points within the markets where we operate, avoiding the very low-end and high-end products. We believe our middle market strategy positions our products such that they are affordable to a significant segment of potential home buyers in our market.

Our apartment buildings are developed as rental properties to be held and operated for our own purposes, converted at some point to for-sale condominium units or sold on a merchant build basis. When developing rental communities, we design our products to be affordable for tenants that fit one of two groups; (i) young first time tenants; or (ii) renters by choice.

We believe that our significant experience over the past 27 years, combined with our ability to navigate through two major housing downturns (early 1990s and late 2000s) have provided us the experience necessary to capitalize on attractive opportunities in our core market of Washington, D.C. and to build shareholder value. We believe that our focus on the Washington, D.C. market, which has historically been characterized by economic conditions less volatile than many other major homebuilding markets, should provide an opportunity to generate attractive returns on investment and for growth.

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Our Business Strategy

Our business strategy is designed to leverage our extensive capabilities and market knowledge to maximize returns on invested capital on our various real estate related activities. We execute our strategy through three related business segments:

These business units work in concert to leverage the collective skill sets of our organization. The talent and experience of our personnel allows workflow flexibility and a multitasking approach to managing various projects. In a capital constrained environment, we use creative problem solving and financing approaches by working closely with banks, borrowers and other parties in an effort to generate value for all constituents. We believe that our business network within the Washington, D.C. real estate market provides us a competitive advantage in sourcing and executing investment opportunities.

With respect to our homebuilding operations, we seek to minimize risk associated with fluctuating market conditions by primarily building pre-sold units and limiting the number of “spec units” (units that are not pre-sold) held in inventory. In each new community that we develop we build model homes to demonstrate our products and to house our on-site sales operations. We limit the building of spec units to locations where there is a demonstrated demand for immediate delivery homes or where the majority of the units within a multi-family building (such as townhouses or condominiums) have been pre-sold. We believe that by limiting the number of spec units held in inventory we reduce our exposure to cyclical fluctuations in market values and minimize costs associated with holding inventory, such as debt service.

Our Operations

We believe that we are properly staffed for current market conditions and that we have the ability to manage growth as market conditions warrant. Our operations are focused on the Washington, D.C. market, where we believe our 27 years of market experience provides us the best opportunity to enhance shareholder value.

Our Communities

We are currently operating, or developing in the following counties in Virginia: Loudoun, Prince William, Arlington, and Fairfax. We also have communities in the Maryland counties of Frederick and Montgomery and the District of Columbia. The following table summarizes certain information regarding our communities as of December 31, 2012:

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Northern Virginia Market

The Eclipse on Center Park is a 465-unit, high-rise condominium complex in Arlington, Virginia. The project is just minutes from downtown Washington D.C., the Pentagon and Reagan National Airport. The project is an upscale, urban-style, mixed-use complex with residential condominiums above an 83,000 square foot retail center, which includes a Harris Teeter grocery store and other convenience-oriented retailers. Condominium sales began in the second quarter of 2004 and settlements began in November 2006. At December 31, 2012, 19 units remain in our inventory.

Penderbrook Square is a 424-unit rental apartment complex in the Fair Oaks area of Fairfax County, Virginia that we purchased as a condominium conversion project. We acquired the property in 2005 and made significant improvements to common areas, building exteriors, and heating and air-conditioning systems within units and have completed the conversion and sale of a majority of the units to condominiums. Sales and settlements began in 2005. At December 31, 2012, two units remained in our inventory. The Company exited this project in January 2013 with the settlement of the two remaining units.

Falls Grove is a new community located in northern Prince William County near Centreville, Virginia. The property will be developed as 19 single family homes and 110 townhouses with prices expected to be starting from $200’s for the townhomes and $400’s for the single-family homes. The Company anticipates development to commence in the first half of 2013, and unit sales to commence in the second half of 2013.

Villas at Eastgate is a new community located in Loudoun County near Chantilly, Virginia. The project consists of 66 single-level condominiums in a cluster of two-level buildings, situated within the 400-unit Eastgate master-planned community. The construction of the first building, containing six units, two of which are model homes, commenced in December 2012, with sales commencing in the first quarter of 2013. Initial unit pricing is expected to start in the $300’s.

Maryland

Emerald Farm is an 84-unit development of single-family homes in Frederick, Maryland conveniently located near major transportation routes. It is our intention to pursue construction financing for homes on the six remaining finished building lots in the near future and as market conditions warrant.

BLVD Newell is a newly planned 187-unit apartment community located proximate to the metro rail station in downtown Silver Spring, MD. The Company has initiated the process of securing rezoning and land development permits. Securing the rezoning and land development permits requires local government approval from the County within which the property resides. There can be no assurances made regarding the Company’s ability to secure the rezoning and land development permits necessary for its intended use of the property.

Residences at Shady Grove/BLVD Shady Grove is a new residential project in Rockville, Maryland, immediately adjacent to the Shady Grove metro station, the terminus of DC’s Red Line. The project will be developed as 3 single family homes, 36 upscale townhomes and 117 luxury apartments. The Company acquired the subject land on December 27, 2012, and land development is expected to start in spring 2013. Sale of homes will begin in mid-2013 with first delivery expected late 2013. Leasing of the apartments will commence in 2014.

District of Columbia

The Hampshires is a new community located within the Lamond-Riggs neighborhood in the Northeast quadrant of Washington, D.C. The property will be developed as 111 residential units, consisting of 38 single-family homes and 73 townhomes. The Hampshires is located proximate to two metro rail stations just inside the Washington, D.C. – Maryland border. The first, of two, single-family model home sales offices was completed and opened in August 2012, with the second opening in December 2012. Sales began in August 2012, and there are five single-family units in backlog at December 31, 2012. The Company anticipates settlements to commence in the first quarter of 2013.

Construction

Our home designs are selected or prepared in each of our communities to appeal to the tastes and preferences of local homebuyers. We also offer optional interior and exterior features to allow homebuyers to enhance the basic home design and to allow us to generate additional revenues from each home sold.

Substantially all of our construction work is performed by subcontractors. Subcontractors typically are selected after a competitive bidding process and retained for a specific subdivision pursuant to a contract that obligates the subcontractor to complete construction at an agreed-upon price. Agreements with the subcontractors and suppliers generally are negotiated for each subdivision. We compete with other homebuilders for qualified subcontractors, raw materials and lots in the markets where we operate. We employ construction superintendents to monitor homes under construction, participate in major design and building decisions, coordinate the activities of subcontractors and suppliers, review the work of subcontractors for quality and cost control and monitor compliance with zoning and building codes. In addition, our construction superintendents play a significant role in working with our homebuyers by assisting with option selection and home modification decisions, educating buyers on the construction process and instructing buyers on post-closing home maintenance.

Construction time for our homes depends on the weather, availability of labor, materials and supplies, size of the home, and other factors. We typically complete the construction of a home within three to six months.

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We typically do not maintain significant inventories of construction materials, except for work in progress materials for homes under construction. Generally, the construction materials used in our operations are readily available from numerous sources. In recent years, we have not experienced delays in construction due to shortages of materials or labor that have materially affected our consolidated operating results.

Warranty

We provide our single-family and townhouse home buyers with a one-year limited warranty covering workmanship and materials. The limited warranty is transferable to subsequent buyers not under direct contract with us and requires that all home buyers agree to the definitions and procedures set forth in the warranty. Typically, we provide our condominium home buyers with a two-year limited warranty, or as required by statute. In addition, we periodically provide structural warranty of longer durations pursuant to applicable statutory requirements. From time to time, we assess the appropriateness of our warranty reserves and adjust accruals as necessary. When deemed appropriate by us, we will accrue additional warranty reserves. We require our general contractors and sub-contractors to warrant the work they perform and they are contractually obligated to correct defects in their work that arise during the applicable warranty period. We seek to minimize our risk associated with warranty repairs through our quality assurance program and by selecting contractors with good reputations, sufficient resources and adequate insurance. It is typical that there is a gap in the warranty coverage provided by contractors and by home builders, which we have self-insured in the past. It is our experience that the warranty claims which we self insured have not been significant in nature but we periodically obtain additional insurance to protect against this unquantifiable risk.

Competition

The real estate development industry is highly competitive. We compete primarily on the basis of price, location, design, quality, service and reputation. We compete with small private builders and large regional or national builders. In addition to competing for home buyers and renters, builders compete for construction financing, raw materials and skilled labor. Additionally, under normal market conditions competition exists within the industry for prime development sites, especially those where developed building lots are available under option lot contracts. We compete with other local, regional and national builders in all of these areas. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial, marketing, sales and other resources than we have. Some of the national builders against which we compete include Pulte Homes, DR Horton, Toll Brothers, Ryland Homes, NVR, K. Hovnanian and Lennar.

Competition among home builders and apartment developers is often specific to product types being offered in a particular area. Often we do not find ourselves competing with the large national developers in the urban communities where we develop high-rise and mixed use products. This is primarily because most national builders tend to focus on a narrower range of products than what we offer. We believe this provides us a distinct advantage in terms of attracting potential home buyers and renters in certain areas. We believe the factors that home buyers consider in deciding whether to purchase or rent from us include the product type, location, value quality, and reputation of the developer. We believe that our projects and product offerings compare favorably on these factors and we continually strive to maintain our reputation of building quality products.

Additionally, we compete with the resale market of existing homes including foreclosures and short-sales. The dramatic increase of inventory of existing homes available for sale beginning in 2006 created significant competition among builders and home sellers for a shrinking number of prospective home buyers. This led to downward pressure on home prices in many areas that still persist in many markets. However, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, modest improvement in the economy and moderate change in buyer’s perceptions appear to be stabilizing home prices and accordingly reducing sales incentives.

Regulation

We are subject to various local, state and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations concerning zoning, building design, construction and similar matters, including local regulation, which imposes restrictive zoning and density requirements in order to limit the number of residential units that can ultimately be built within the boundaries of a particular project. We and our competitors may also be subject to periodic delays or may be precluded entirely from developing in certain communities due to building moratoriums or “slow-growth” or “no-growth” initiatives that could be implemented in the future in the states in which we operate. Local and state governments also have broad discretion regarding the imposition of development fees for projects in their jurisdiction.

At December 31, 2012, the Company has initiated the process of securing rezoning and land development permits related to the BLVD Newell project. Securing the rezoning and land development permits requires local government approval from the County within which the property resides. There can be no assurances made regarding the Company’s ability to secure the rezoning and land development permits necessary for its intended use of the property.

We and our competitors are also subject to a variety of local, state and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations concerning protection of the environment. Some of the laws to which we and our properties are subject may impose requirements concerning development in waters of the United States, including wetlands, the closure of water supply wells, management of asbestos-containing materials, exposure to radon and similar issues. The particular environmental laws that apply to any given community vary based on several factors including but not limited to the environmental conditions related to a particular property and the present and former uses of the property. These environmental laws may result in delays, may cause us and our competitors to incur substantial compliance related costs, and may prohibit or severely restrict development in certain environmentally sensitive areas. To date, environmental laws have not had a material adverse impact on our operations.

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Technology and Intellectual Property

We are committed to the use of Internet-based technology for managing our business, communicating with our customers, and marketing our projects. For customer relationship management, we use Builder’s Co-Pilot™, a management information system that was custom developed in accordance with our needs and requirements. This system allows for online and collaborative efforts between our sales and marketing functions and integrates our sales, production and divisional office operations in tracking the progress of construction on each of our projects. We believe that real-time access to our construction progress information and our sales and marketing data and documents through our systems increases the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts as well as management’s ability to monitor our business.

We utilize our technology infrastructure to facilitate marketing of our projects as well. Through our web site, www.comstockhomebuilding.com, our customers and prospective customers receive automatic electronic communications from us on a regular basis. Our corporate marketing directors work with in-house marketing and technology specialists to develop advertising and public relations programs for each project that leverage our technology capabilities. During 2012, we continued to increase our utilization of internet based marketing platforms in lieu of print advertisements. We believe that the home buying population will continue to increase its reliance on information available on the internet to help guide their home buying decision. Accordingly, our marketing efforts will continue to seek to leverage this trend in an effort to lower per sale marketing costs while maximizing potential sales.

For accounting and purchasing management purposes we use the JD Edwards Enterprise One software system.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Christopher Clemente, has licensed his ownership interest in the “Comstock” brand and trademark to us in perpetuity and free of charge. We do not own the brand or the trademark and are not in a position to be able to adequately protect it against infringement from third parties. Additionally, Mr. Clemente has retained the right to continue using the “Comstock” brand and trademark individually and through his affiliates, including real estate development projects in our current or future markets that are unrelated to the Company.

Employees

At December 31, 2012, we had 37 full-time and 1 part time employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreement and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe we have good relations with our employees.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

Our executive officers and other management employees and their respective ages and positions as of December 31, 2012 are as follows:

Christopher Clemente founded Comstock in 1985 and has been a director since May 2004. Since 1992, Mr. Clemente has served as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Clemente has over 25 years of experience in all aspects of real estate development and home building, and more than 30 years of experience as an entrepreneur.

Gregory V. Benson joined us in 1991 as President and Chief Operating Officer and has been a director since May 2004. Mr. Benson is also a member of our board of directors. Mr. Benson has over 30 years of home building experience including over 14 years at national home builders, including NVHomes, Ryan Homes and Centex Homes.

Joseph M. Squeri has served as our Chief Financial Officer since August 2010. Mr. Squeri has more than a decade of public company leadership experience in corporate finance, strategic planning, accounting and operations. From October 2008 to August 2010, Mr. Squeri served as an independent financial and business consultant to privately held companies. From January 2008 to September 2008, Mr. Squeri served as the Executive Vice President-Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Federal Realty Investment Trust (NYSE: FRT) with responsibility for capital markets, financial reporting and investor relations functions. From 1997 through 2007, Mr. Squeri served in a variety of positions at Choice Hotels International (NYSE: CHH), including chief financial officer starting in 1999, and then more significant operating roles culminating his position as president and chief operating officer. Mr. Squeri is a certified public accountant.

Jubal R. Thompson has served as our General Counsel since October 1998 and our Secretary since December 2004. Mr. Thompson has significant experience in areas of real estate acquisitions and dispositions, real estate and corporate finance, corporate governance, mergers and acquisition and risk management.

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Risks Relating to Our Business

We engage in construction and real estate activities, which involve a high degree of risk. Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows may be impacted by a number of factors. A discussion of the risks associated with these factors is included below.

Our operations require significant capital and our continuing operations and future growth depends on the availability of construction, acquisition and development loans, which may not to be available at the time it is needed or at favorable terms.

The real estate development industry is capital intensive and requires significant expenditures for operations, land purchases, land development and construction as well as potential acquisitions of other homebuilders or developers. In order to maintain our operations, we will need to obtain additional financing. These funds can be generated through public or private debt or equity financings, operating cash flow, additional bank borrowings or from strategic alliances or joint ventures. In light of the current economic climate we may not be successful in obtaining additional funds in a timely manner, on favorable terms or at all. Moreover, certain of our bank financing agreements contain provisions that limit the type and amount of debt we may incur in the future without our lenders’ consent. In addition, to finance projects, we have historically utilized construction, acquisition and development loans. These credit facilities tend to be project-oriented and generally have variable rates and require significant management time to administer. Further, this type of financing is typically characterized by short-term loans, which are subject to call. The availability of borrowed funds, especially for land acquisition and construction financing, has been greatly reduced, and lenders may require us to invest increased amounts of equity in a project in connection with both new loans and the extension of existing loans. Furthermore, if financial institutions discontinue providing these facilities to us, we would lose our primary source of financing our operations or the cost of retaining or replacing these credit facilities could increase dramatically. If we do not have access to additional capital or funds to continue or operations or grow our business, we may be required to delay, scale back or abandon some or all of our operating strategies or reduce capital expenditures and the size of our operations. As a result, such an inability to access additional capital would likely cause us to experience a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our ability to sell homes and, accordingly, our results of operations, will be affected by the availability of mortgage financing to potential home buyers.

Most home buyers finance their purchase of a new home through third-party mortgage financing. As a result, residential real estate demand is adversely affected by increases in interest rates and decreases in the availability of consumer mortgage financing. Increased monthly mortgage costs and the unavailability of financing to potential home buyers have depressed the market for new homes. For instance, recent initiatives to tighten underwriting standards have made mortgage financing more difficult to obtain for some of our entry-level home buyers, which has led to decreased demand from these buyers. Even if potential home buyers do not experience difficulty securing mortgage financing for their purchase of a new home, increases in interest rates and decreased mortgage availability or significant alterations to mortgage product types could make it harder for them to sell their existing homes. This could continue to adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Fluctuations in market conditions may affect our ability to sell our land and home inventories at expected prices, if at all, which could adversely affect our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

We are subject to the potential for significant fluctuations in the market value of our land and home inventories. We must constantly locate and acquire new tracts of undeveloped and developed land if we are to support growth in our home building operations. There is a lag between the time we acquire control of undeveloped land or developed home sites and the time that we can bring communities built on that land to market. This lag time varies from site to site as it is impossible to predict with any certainty the length of time it will take to obtain governmental approvals and building permits. The risk of owning undeveloped land, developed land and homes can be substantial. The market value of undeveloped land, buildable lots and housing inventories can fluctuate significantly as a result of changing economic and market conditions. Inventory carrying costs can be significant and can result in losses in a poorly performing development or market. Material write-downs of the estimated value of our land and home inventories could occur if market conditions deteriorate or if we purchase land or build home inventories at higher prices during stronger economic periods and the value of those land or home inventories subsequently declines during weaker economic periods. We could also be forced to sell homes, land or lots for prices that generate lower profit than we anticipated, or at a loss, and may not be able to dispose of an investment in a timely manner when we find dispositions advantageous or necessary. Furthermore, a continued decline in the market value of our land or home inventories may give rise to additional impairments of our inventory and write-offs of contract deposits and feasibility cost, which may result in a breach of financial covenants contained in one or more of our credit facilities, which could cause a default under those credit facilities. Defaults in these credit facilities are often times the responsibility of Comstock, as Comstock is the guarantor of most of its subsidiary’s debts.

We evaluated all of our projects to determine if recorded carrying amounts were recoverable by evaluating discount rates, sales prices, absorption and our analysis of the best approach to marketing our projects for sale. This evaluation resulted in an aggregate 2012 impairment charge of $2.4 million. Impairment charges are recorded as a reduction in our capitalized costs. The impairment charge was calculated based on the estimated fair value less costs to sell under the Company’s revised disposition strategy. See real estate held for development and sale Note 4 within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Our ability to use our Net Operating Losses (“NOLs”) and, in certain circumstances, future built-in losses and depreciation deductions can be negatively affected if there is an “ownership change” as defined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.

We currently have approximately $116 million in federal and state NOLs with a potential value of up to approximately $45 million in tax savings. These deferred tax assets are currently fully reserved. If unused, these NOLs will begin expiring in 2028. Under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 rules, if a change of ownership is triggered, our NOL asset and possibly certain other deferred tax assets may be impaired. We estimate that as of December 31, 2012, the cumulative shift in the Company’s stock would not cause an inability to utilize any of our NOL asset.

The Company’s ability to use its NOLs (and in certain circumstances, future built-in losses and depreciation deductions) can be negatively affected if there is an “ownership change” as defined under Section 382. In general, an ownership change occurs whenever there is a shift in ownership by more than 50 percentage points by one or more 5% shareholders over a specified time period (generally three years). Given Section 382’s broad definition, an ownership change could be the unintended consequence of otherwise normal market trading in the Company’s stock that is outside of the Company’s control. In an effort to preserve the availability of these NOLs, Comstock adopted a Section 382 stockholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”). The Rights Plan was adopted to reduce the likelihood of such an unintended “ownership change” and thus assist in preserving the value of these tax benefits. Similar plans have been adopted by a number of companies holding similar significant tax assets over the past several years. This plan was submitted to a vote of the Company’s shareholders on June 17, 2011, and the plan was approved at that meeting.

Home prices and sales activities in the Washington, D.C. geographic market have a large impact on our results of operations because we conduct substantially all of our business in this market.

We currently develop and sell homes exclusively in the Washington, D.C. market; consequently home prices and sales activities in the Washington, D.C. geographic market have a large impact on our results of operations. Although demand in this area historically has been strong, the historical slowdown in residential real estate demand and reduced availability of consumer mortgage financing have reduced the likelihood of consumers seeking to purchase new homes, which has had and will likely continue to have a negative impact on the pace at which we receive orders for our new homes. As a result of the foregoing and general economic conditions, potential customers may be less willing or able to buy our homes, or we may take longer or incur more costs to build them. We may not be able to recapture increased costs by raising prices in many cases because of market conditions or because we fix our prices in advance of delivery by signing home sales contracts. We may be unable to change the mix of our homes or our offerings or the affordability of our homes to maintain our margins or satisfactorily address changing market conditions in other ways. Our limited geographic diversity means that adverse general economic, weather or other conditions in this market could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows or our ability to grow our business.

Because our business depends on the acquisition of new land, the potential limitations on the supply of land could reduce our revenues or negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.

We experience competition for available land and developed home sites in the Washington, D.C. market. We have experienced competition for home sites from other, better capitalized, home builders. Our ability to continue our home building activities over the long term depends upon our ability to locate and acquire suitable parcels of land or developed home sites to support our home building operations. If competition for land increases, the cost of acquiring it may rise, and the availability of suitable parcels at acceptable prices may decline. Any need for increased pricing could increase the rate at which consumer demand for our homes declines and, consequently, reduce the number of homes we sell and lead to a decrease in our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

Our business is subject to governmental regulations that may delay, increase the cost of, prohibit or severely restrict our development and home building projects and reduce our revenues and cash flows.

We are subject to extensive and complex laws and regulations that affect the land development and home building process, including laws and regulations related to zoning, permitted land uses, levels of density (number of dwelling units per acre), building design, access to water and other utilities, water and waste disposal and use of open spaces. In addition, we and our subcontractors are subject to laws and regulations relating to worker health and safety. We also are subject to a variety of local, state and federal laws and regulations concerning the protection of health and the environment. In some of our markets, we are required to pay environmental impact fees, use energy saving construction materials and give commitments to provide certain infrastructure such as roads and sewage systems. We are also subject to real estate taxes and other local government fees on real estate purchases. We must also obtain permits and approvals from local authorities to complete residential development or home construction. The laws and regulations under which we and our subcontractors operate, and our and their obligations to comply with them, may result in delays in construction and development, cause us to incur substantial compliance and other increased costs, and prohibit or severely restrict development and home building activity in certain areas in which we operate. If we are unable to continue to develop communities and build and deliver homes as a result of these restrictions or if our compliance costs increase substantially, our revenues, earnings and cash flows may be reduced.

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Cities and counties in which we operate have adopted, or may adopt, slow or no-growth initiatives that would reduce our ability to build and sell homes in these areas and could adversely affect our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

From time to time, certain cities and counties in which we operate have approved, and others in which we operate may approve, various “slow-growth” or “no-growth” initiatives and other similar ballot measures. Such initiatives restrict development within localities by, for example, limiting the number of building permits available in a given year. Approval of slow- or no-growth measures could reduce our ability to acquire land, obtain building permits and build and sell homes in the affected markets and could create additional costs and administration requirements, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

Increased regulation in the housing industry increases the time required to obtain the necessary approvals to begin construction and has prolonged the time between the initial acquisition of land or land options and the commencement and completion of construction. These delays increase our costs, decrease our profitability and increase the risks associated with the land inventories we maintain.

Municipalities may restrict or place moratoriums on the availability of utilities, such as water and sewer taps. If municipalities in which we operate take actions like these, it could have an adverse effect on our business by causing delays, increasing our costs or limiting our ability to build in those municipalities. This, in turn, could reduce the number of homes we sell and decrease our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

The competitive conditions in the home building industry could increase our costs, reduce our revenues and earnings and otherwise adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

The home building industry is highly competitive and fragmented. We compete with a number of national, regional and local builders for customers, undeveloped land and home sites, raw materials and labor. For example, in the Washington, D.C. market, we compete against multiple publicly-traded national home builders, and many privately-owned regional and local home builders. We do not compete against all of the builders in all of our product types or submarkets, as some builders focus on particular types of projects within those markets, such as large estate homes, that are not in competition with our projects.

We compete primarily on the basis of price, location, design, quality, service and reputation. Some of our competitors have greater financial resources, more established market positions and better opportunities for land and home site acquisitions than we do and have greater amounts of unrestricted cash resources on hand, lower costs of capital, labor and material than us. The competitive conditions in the home building industry could, among other things:

We also compete with sales of existing homes and condominiums, foreclosure sales of existing homes and condominiums and available rental housing. A continued oversupply of competitively priced resale, foreclosure or rental homes in our markets could adversely affect our ability to sell homes profitably.

We are dependent on the services of certain key employees, and the loss of their services could harm our business.

Our success largely depends on the continuing services of certain key employees, including Christopher Clemente, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Gregory Benson, our Chief Operating Officer; Jubal Thompson, our General Counsel and Secretary; and Joseph Squeri, our Chief Financial Officer. Our continued success also depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. We believe that Messrs. Clemente, Benson, Thompson and Squeri each possess valuable industry knowledge, experience and leadership abilities that would be difficult in the short term to replicate. The loss of these or other key employees could harm our operations, business plans and cash flows.

A significant portion of our business plan involves and may continue to involve mixed-use developments and high-rise projects with which we have less experience.

We are actively involved in the construction and development of mixed-use and high-rise residential projects. Our experience is largely based on smaller wood-framed structures that are less complex than high-rise construction or the development of mixed-use projects. A mixed-use project is one that integrates residential and non-residential uses in the same structure or in close proximity to each other, on the same land. As we continue to expand into these new product types, we expect to encounter operating, marketing, customer service, warranty and management challenges with which we have less familiarity. We had previously expanded our management team to include individuals with significant experience in this type of real estate development but then were forced to furlough some of them as we downsized our operation. If we are unable to successfully manage the challenges of this portion of our business, we may incur additional costs and our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

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If we experience shortages of labor or supplies or other circumstances beyond our control, there could be delays or increased costs in developing our projects, which would adversely affect our operating results and cash flows.

We, from time to time, may be affected by circumstances beyond our control, including:

These difficulties have caused and likely will cause unexpected construction delays and short-term increases in construction costs. In an attempt to protect the margins on our projects, we often purchase certain building materials with commitments that lock in the prices of these materials for 90 to 120 days or more. However, once the supply of building materials subject to these commitments is exhausted, we are again subject to market fluctuations and shortages. We may not be able to recover unexpected increases in construction or materials costs by raising our home prices because, typically, the price of each home is established at the time a customer executes a home sale contract. Furthermore, sustained increases in construction costs may, over time, erode our profit margins and may adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

We depend on the availability and skill of subcontractors and their willingness to work with us.

Substantially all of our construction work is done by subcontractors with us acting as the general contractor or by subcontractors working for a general contractor we select for a particular project. Accordingly, the timing and quality of our construction depends on the availability and skill of those subcontractors. We do not have long-term contractual commitments with subcontractors or suppliers. Although we believe that our relationships with our suppliers and subcontractors are good, we cannot assure that skilled subcontractors will continue to be available at reasonable rates and in the areas in which we conduct our operations. The inability to contract with skilled subcontractors or general contractors at reasonable costs on a timely basis could limit our ability to build and deliver homes and could erode our profit margins and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. Recent cash flow and credit facility limitations have forced us to negotiate settlements with our vendors at less than the entire amounts owed. This may result in vendor hesitation to work with us on future projects.

Construction defect and product liability litigation and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business may be costly or negatively impact sales, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

Our home building business is subject to construction defect and product liability claims arising in the ordinary course of business. These claims are common in the home building industry and can be costly. Among the claims for which developers and builders have financial exposure are property damage, environmental claims and bodily injury claims and latent defects that may not materialize for an extended period of time. Damages awarded under these suits may include the costs of remediation, loss of property and health-related bodily injury. In response to increased litigation, insurance underwriters have attempted to limit their risk by excluding coverage for certain claims associated with environmental conditions, pollution and product and workmanship defects. As a developer and a home builder, we may be at risk of loss for mold-related property, bodily injury and other claims in amounts that exceed available limits on our comprehensive general liability policies and those of our subcontractors. In addition, the costs of insuring against construction defect and product liability claims are high and the amount of coverage offered by insurance companies is limited. Uninsured construction defect, product liability and similar claims, claims in excess of the limits under our insurance policies, defense costs and the costs of obtaining insurance to cover such claims could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

Increased insurance risk could negatively affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Insurance and surety companies have reassessed many aspects of their business and, as a result, may take actions that could negatively affect our business. These actions could include increasing insurance premiums, requiring higher self-insured retentions and deductibles, requiring additional collateral on surety bonds, reducing limits, restricting coverage’s, imposing exclusions, and refusing to underwrite certain risks and classes of business. Any of these actions may adversely affect our ability to obtain appropriate insurance coverage at reasonable costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Additionally, coverage for certain types of claims, such as claims relating to mold, is generally unavailable. Further, we rely on surety bonds, typically provided by insurance companies, as a means of limiting the amount of capital utilized in connection with the public improvement sureties that we are required to post with governmental authorities in connection with land development and construction activities. The cost of obtaining these surety bonds is, from time to time, unpredictable and these surety bonds may be unavailable to us for new projects. These factors can delay or prohibit commencement of development projects and adversely affect revenue, earnings and cash flows.

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We are subject to warranty claims arising in the ordinary course of business that could be costly.

We provide service warranties on our homes for a period of one year or more post closing and provide warranties on occasion as required by applicable statutory requirements for extended periods. We self-insure our warranties from time to time and reserve an amount we believe will be sufficient to satisfy any warranty claims on homes we sell and periodically purchase insurance related coverage to cover the costs associated with potential claims. Additionally, we also attempt to pass much of the risk associated with potential defects in materials and workmanship on to the subcontractors performing the work and the suppliers and manufacturers of the materials and their insurance carriers. In such cases, we still may incur unanticipated costs if a subcontractor, supplier, manufacturer or its insurance carrier fails to honor its obligations regarding the work or materials it supplies to our projects. If the amount of actual claims materially exceeds our aggregate warranty reserves, any available insurance coverage and/or the amounts we can recover from our subcontractors and suppliers, our operating results and cash flows would be adversely affected.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition may be affected by adverse weather conditions or natural disasters.

Adverse weather conditions, such as extended periods of rain, snow or cold temperatures, and natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and fires, can delay completion and sale of homes, damage partially complete or other unsold homes in our inventory and/or decrease the demand for homes or increase the cost of building homes. To the extent that natural disasters or adverse weather events occur, our business and results may be adversely affected. To the extent our insurance is not adequate to cover business interruption losses or repair costs resulting from these events, our results of operations and financial conditions may be adversely affected.

We are subject to certain environmental laws and the cost of compliance could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

As a current or previous owner or operator of real property, we may be liable under federal, state, and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in the properties or in the proximity of the properties we develop. These laws often impose liability whether or not we knew of, or were responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. The cost of investigating, remediating or removing such hazardous or toxic substances may be substantial. The presence of any such substance, or the failure promptly to remediate any such substance, may adversely affect our ability to sell the property, to use the property for our intended purpose, or to borrow funds using the property as collateral. In addition, the construction process involves the use of hazardous and toxic materials. We could be held liable under environmental laws for the costs of removal or remediation of such materials. In addition, our existing credit facilities also restrict our access to the loan proceeds if the properties that are used to collateralize the loans are contaminated by hazardous substances and require us to indemnify the bank against losses resulting from such occurrence for significant periods of time, even after the loan is fully repaid.

Our Eclipse project is part of a larger development located at Potomac Yard in Northern Virginia. Potomac Yard was formerly part of a railroad switching yard contaminated as a result of rail-related activities. Remediation of the property was conducted under supervision of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, in coordination with state and local authorities. In 1998, federal, state and local government agencies authorized redevelopment of the property. Our development at the project was consistent with those authorizations. Although concentrations of contaminants remain on the property under the EPA-approved remediation work plan, the EPA has determined that they do not present an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment. However, the EPA’s determination does not preclude private lawsuits and it is possible that we could incur costs to defend against any claims that may be brought in the future relating to any such contaminants.

If we are not able to develop our communities successfully, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Before a community generates any revenues, material expenditures are required to acquire land, to obtain development approvals and to construct significant portions of project infrastructure, amenities, model homes and sales facilities. It can take a year or more for a community development to achieve cumulative positive cash flow. Our inability to develop and market our communities successfully and to generate positive cash flows from these operations in a timely manner would have a material adverse effect on our ability to service our debt and to meet our working capital requirements.

Our operating results, including revenue and net income, have varied over time due to a number of conditions. If we are unable to successfully manage these conditions or factors, our operating results may continue to vary and may also suffer.

The homebuilding industry is cyclical and we expect to experience variability in our revenues and net income. The volume of sales contracts and closings typically varies from month to month and from quarter to quarter depending on several factors, including the stages of development of our projects, the uncertain timing and cost of real estate closings, weather and other factors beyond our control. The homebuilding industry is cyclical. In the early stages of a project’s development, we incur significant start-up costs associated with, among other things, project design, land acquisition and development, construction and marketing expenses. Since revenues from sales of properties are generally recognized only upon the transfer of title at the closing of a sale, no revenue is recognized during the early stages of a project unless land parcels or residential home sites are sold to other developers. Periodic sales of properties may be insufficient to fund operating expenses. Further, if sales and other revenues are not adequate to cover operating expenses, we will be required to seek sources of additional operating funds. Accordingly, our financial results will vary from community to community and from time to time.

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Acts of war or terrorism may seriously harm our business.

Acts of war, any outbreak or escalation of hostilities between the United States and any foreign power or acts of terrorism, may cause disruption to the U.S. economy, or the Washington, D.C. metro area, cause shortages of building materials, increase costs associated with obtaining building materials, result in building code changes that could increase costs of construction, affect job growth and consumer confidence, or cause economic changes that we cannot anticipate, all of which could reduce demand for our homes and adversely impact our revenues, earnings and cash flows.

We do not own the Comstock brand or trademark, but use the brand and trademark pursuant to the terms of a perpetual license granted by Christopher Clemente, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board.

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Christopher Clemente, has licensed his ownership interest in the “Comstock” brand and trademark to us in perpetuity and free of charge. We do not own the brand or the trademark and are not in a position to be able to adequately protect it against infringement from third parties. Additionally, Mr. Clemente has retained the right to continue using the “Comstock” brand and trademark individually and through his affiliates, including real estate development projects in our current or future markets that are unrelated to the Company. We will be unable to control the quality of projects undertaken by Mr. Clemente or others using the “Comstock” brand and trademark and therefore will be unable to prevent any damage to its goodwill that may occur. We will further be unable to preclude Mr. Clemente from licensing or transferring the ownership of the “Comstock” trademark to third parties, some of whom may compete against us. Consequently, we are at risk that our brand could be damaged which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and cash flows.

Risks Related to our Common Stock and Level of Indebtedness

Our level of indebtedness may harm our financial condition and results of operations.

Our level of indebtedness will have several important effects on our future operations, including, without limitation:

At the scheduled maturity of our credit facilities or in the event of an acceleration of a debt facility following an event of default, the entire outstanding principal amount of the indebtedness under the facility, together with all other amounts payable thereunder from time to time, will become due and payable. It is possible that we may not have sufficient funds to pay such obligations in full at maturity or upon such acceleration. If we default and are not able to pay any such obligations due, our lenders have liens on substantially all of our assets and could foreclose on our assets in order to satisfy our obligations.

Our stock has been volatile and we expect that it will continue to be volatile.

Our stock price has been volatile, and we expect it will continue to be volatile. For example during the year ended December 31, 2012, the closing price of our common stock ranged from a high of $1.94 to a low of $1.10. The volatility of our stock price can be due to factors such as:

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Investors may not be able to resell their shares of our Class A common stock following periods of volatility because of the market’s adverse reaction to that volatility. Our Class A common stock may not trade at the same levels as the stock of other homebuilders, and the market in general may not sustain its current prices.

Investors in our Class A common stock may experience dilution with the future exercise of stock options and warrants, the grant of restricted stock and issuance of stock in connection with our acquisitions of other companies.

From time to time, we have issued and we will continue to issue stock options or restricted stock grants to employees and non-employee directors pursuant to our equity incentive plan. We expect that these options or restricted stock grants will generally vest commencing one year from the date of grant and continue vesting over a four-year period. Investors may experience dilution as the options vest and are exercised by their holders and the restrictions lapse on the restricted stock grants. In addition, we may issue stock in connection with acquisitions of other companies, or warrants in connection with the settlement of obligations and or indebtedness with vendors and suppliers, which may result in investors experiencing dilution.

Substantial sales of our Class A common stock, or the perception that such sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock.

A substantial amount of the shares of our Class A common stock are eligible for immediate resale in the public market. Any sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock.

The holders of our Class B common stocks exert control over us and thus limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters.

Messrs. Clemente and Benson own 100% of our outstanding Class B common stock, which, together with their shares of Class A common stock, represent approximately 78% of the combined voting power of all classes of our voting stock as of March 27, 2013. As a result, Messrs. Clemente and Benson, acting together, have control over us, the election of our board of directors and our management and policies. Messrs. Clemente and Benson, acting together, also have control over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the amendment of certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the approval of any equity-based employee compensation plans and the approval of fundamental corporate transactions, including mergers. In light of this control, other companies could be discouraged from initiating a potential merger, takeover or any other transaction resulting in a change of control. Such a transaction potentially could be beneficial to our business or to our stockholders. This may in turn reduce the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our Class A common stock.

The limited voting rights of our Class A common stock could impact its attractiveness to investors and its liquidity and, as a result, its market value.

The holders of our Class A and Class B common stock generally have identical rights, except that holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to 15 votes per share on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. The difference in the voting rights of the Class A and Class B common stock could diminish the value of the Class A common stock to the extent that investors or any potential future purchasers of our Class A common stock ascribe value to the superior voting rights of the Class B common stock.

It may be difficult for a third party to acquire us, which could inhibit stockholders from realizing a premium on their stock price.

We are subject to the Delaware anti-takeover laws regulating corporate takeovers. These anti-takeover laws prevent Delaware corporations from engaging in business combinations with any stockholder, including all affiliates and employees of a stockholder, who owns 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock, for three years following the date that the stockholder acquired 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock unless specified conditions are met.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control that stockholders could consider favorable or beneficial. These provisions could discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. These provisions include:

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Our issuance of shares of preferred stock could delay or prevent a change of control of us.

Our Board of Directors has the authority to cause us to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, in one or more series, to designate the number of shares constituting any series, and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, redemption price or prices and liquidation preferences of such series. The issuance of shares of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us without further action by the stockholders, even where stockholders are offered a premium for their shares. The issuance of shares of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights may adversely affect the voting power of the holders of Class A common stock, including the loss of voting control. We have no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.

Not applicable.

On December 31, 2009, the Company, through an affiliate, Comstock Property Management, L.C., entered into a three-year lease for approximately 7,620 square feet of office space for its corporate headquarters at 1886 Metro Center Drive, Reston, Virginia from Comstock Asset Management, L.C., an affiliate wholly-owned by our Chief Executive Officer. On September 19, 2012, the Company amended the lease for an additional 2,436 square feet of office space, or a total 10,056 square feet, for its corporate headquarters, with an effective date of July 1, 2012. Refer to related party transactions Note 12 within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

For information regarding the properties at our communities, please see Item 1 “Business – Our Communities.”

Currently, we are not subject to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, however, we are named as a defendant in legal actions arising from our normal business activities. Although we cannot accurately predict the amount of our liability, if any, that could arise with respect to legal actions pending against us, we do not expect that any such liability will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, operating results or cash flows. We believe that we have obtained adequate insurance coverage, rights to indemnification, or where appropriate, have established reserves in connection with these legal proceedings.

Not applicable.

Market for Common Stock

Our Class A common stock is traded on NASDAQ under the symbol “CHCI”. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices of our Class A common stock, as reported on NASDAQ, for the periods indicated:

Dividends

We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our board of directors has previously authorized the repurchase of up to 1.0 million shares of our Class A common stock in one or more open market or privately negotiated transactions. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, we did not repurchase any of our outstanding Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2012, 0.6 million shares of Class A common stock authorized for repurchase remain available for repurchase; however, we have no immediate plans to repurchase stock under this authorization. On December 31, 2012, there were approximately 37 record holders of our Class A common stock. On December 31, 2012 there were two holders of our Class B common stock.

Not Applicable.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please see “Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward-looking Statements” for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors including, but not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this report, particularly under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Notes Regarding Forward-looking Statements.”

Overview

We are a multi-faceted real estate development and services company. We have substantial experience with building a diverse range of products including apartments, single-family homes, townhouses, mid-rise condominiums, high-rise multi-family condominiums and mixed-use (residential and commercial) developments. We operate our business through three segments: Homebuilding, Apartment Buildings and Real Estate Services as further discussed in Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements. We are currently focused on the Washington, D.C. market, which is the eighth largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.

Homebuilding

Our expertise in developing traditional and non-traditional housing products enables us to focus on a wide range of opportunities within our core market. For our homebuilding operations, we develop properties with the intent that they be sold either as fee-simple properties or condominiums to individual unit buyers or as investment properties sold to private or institutional investors. Our for-sale products are designed to attract first-time, early move-up, and secondary move-up buyers. We focus on products that we are able to offer for sale in the middle price points within the markets where we operate, avoiding the very low-end and high-end products. We believe our middle market strategy positions our products such that they are affordable to a significant segment of potential home buyers in our market.

Apartment Buildings

For Comstock’s apartment sector, we develop projects ranging from approximately 75 to 200 units in locations that are supply constrained with demonstrated demand for stabilized assets. We seek opportunities in the multi-family rental market where our experience and core capabilities can be leveraged. We will either position the assets for sale when completed or operate the assets within our own portfolio. Operating the assets for our own account affords us the flexibility of converting the units to condominiums in the future. When developing rental communities, we design our products to be affordable for tenants that fit one of two groups: (i) young first-time renters or (ii) renters by choice.

Real Estate Services

Our management team has significant experience in all aspects of real estate management including strategic planning, land development, entitlement, property management, sales and marketing, workout and turnaround strategies, financing and general construction. We are able to provide a wide range of construction management, general contracting and other real estate related services to other property owners. This business line not only allows us to generate fee income from our highly qualified personnel but also serves as a potential catalyst for joint venture and acquisition opportunities.

We believe that our significant experience over the past 27 years, combined with our ability to navigate through two major housing downturns (early 1990s and late 2000s), have provided us the experience necessary to capitalize on attractive opportunities in our core market of Washington, D.C. and to rebuild shareholder value. We believe that our focus on the Washington, D.C. market, which has historically been characterized by economic conditions less volatile than many other major homebuilding markets, should provide an opportunity to generate attractive returns on investment and for growth.

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Recent Developments

New Hampshire Ave. Ventures, LLC

On August 23, 2012, the Company formed New Hampshire Ave. Ventures, LLC, a consolidated joint venture of its subsidiary Comstock Ventures XVI, L.C. and 6000 New Hampshire Avenue, LLC, to acquire, develop and construct 111 residential units, consisting of 38 single-family homes and 73 townhomes, in Washington, D.C. (the “NHA Project”). The Company, through New Hampshire Ave. Ventures, LLC, entered into a $3.0 million mezzanine loan (the “NHA Mezzanine Loan”) in connection with the NHA Project with the Rosalie K. Stahl Trust, utilized to acquire the fully entitled land. Concurrent with the formation of the joint venture, the Company entered into a three-year loan agreement with Eagle Bank pursuant to which the Company secured a $6.0 million revolving development loan and a $4.0 million revolving construction loan (collectively, the “Eagle NHA Revolver”) to finance the development and construction of the NHA Project. Refer to Note 9 within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the terms of these financing arrangements.

Comstock Eastgate, L.C.

On September 27, 2012, the Company formed Comstock Eastgate, L.C., a consolidated joint venture of Comstock Holding Companies, Inc. and BridgeCom Development II, LLC, to acquire, develop and construct 66 residential condominium units in Loudoun County, VA (the “Eastgate Project”). Concurrent with the formation of the joint venture, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Cardinal Bank to which the Company secured a $2.5 million revolving construction loan to finance the construction of the units. Refer to Note 9 within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the terms of the financing arrangement.

Comstock Redland Road, L.C.

On December 27, 2012, the Company formed Comstock Redland Road, L.C., a wholly owned subsidiary, to acquire, develop and construct 3 single-family moderately priced dwelling units, 36 townhome units and a 117-unit multi-family residential building. Concurrent with formation of the entity, the Company completed the acquisition through securing a $2.5 million acquisition bridge loan with Eagle Bank and a $5.75 million Deferred Purchase Money Promissory Note with TSR-Shady Grove, LLC, a Maryland limited liability Company. Refer to Note 9 within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the terms of these financing arrangements. Further, these financing arrangements were repaid in full on March 25, 2013 through new arrangements with Eagle Bank. Refer to Note 20 within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statement for further discussion of the terms of the new arrangement with Eagle Bank.

Comstock Investors VII, L.C.

On March 14, 2013, Comstock Investors VII, L.C. (“Investors VII”), a subsidiary of the Company entered into subscription agreements (each a “Subscription Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (the “Purchasers,” and each a “Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Purchasers purchased membership interests (“Interests”) in Investors VII for an initial aggregate principal amount of $6,925 of an up to $7,000 capital raise (the “Private Placement”). Purchasers included unrelated third-party accredited investors along with members of the Company’s Board of Directors and the Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel of the Company. The Subscription Agreement provides that the Purchasers are entitled to a cumulative, compounded, preferred return of 20% per annum, compounded annually on their capital account balances. After six months, the Company has the right to repurchase the Interests of the Purchasers, provided that (i) all of the Purchasers’ Interests are acquired, (ii) the purchase is made in cash and (iii) the purchase price equals the Purchasers’ capital account plus an amount necessary to cause the preferred return to equal a cumulative cash on cash return equal to 20% per annum. The Private Placement provides capital related to the current and planned construction of the Company’s following projects: The Residences at Shady Grove in Rockville, Maryland consisting of 36 townhomes, The Hampshires project in Washington, D.C. consisting of 38 single family residences and 73 townhomes, and the Falls Grove project in Prince William County, Virginia consisting of 110 townhomes and 19 single family homes (collectively, the “Projects”). Proceeds of the Private Placement are to be utilized (i) to provide capital needed to complete the Projects in conjunction with project financing for the Projects, (ii) to reimburse the Company for prior expenditures incurred on behalf of the Projects, and (iii) for general corporate purposes of the Company.

As part of the Private Placement, the Company also issued warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (“Class A Common stock”) (“Warrants,” and each a “Warrant”) to Purchasers who are not officers, directors or affiliates of the Company that purchased Interests that equaled or exceeded an initial investment amount of $250. The Warrants represent the right to purchase up to 224 shares of Class A Common Stock, the maximum aggregate amount of warrants approved for issuance under the Private Placement. The Warrants have an initial exercise price which is equal to the average of the closing price of the Class A Common Stock of the 20 trading days preceding the issuance of the Warrant. The Warrants contain a cashless exercise provision. In the event the Purchasers exercise the Warrants on a cashless basis, the Company will not receive any proceeds. Warrants may be exercised at any time prior to March 14, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-04, “Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standard (“IFRS”),” which provides a consistent definition of fair value and ensures that the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements are similar between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The guidance changes certain fair value measurement principles and expands the disclosure requirements, particularly for Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning February 1, 2012 and is applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance, which relates primarily to disclosure, did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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In June 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05, “Statement of Comprehensive Income” (“ASU2011-05”), which requires entities to present net income and other comprehensive income in either a single continuous statement or in two separate, but consecutive, statements of net income and other comprehensive income. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2012 and is applied prospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which require us to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the consolidation of variable interest entities, revenue recognition, impairment of real estate held for development and sale, warranty reserve and our environmental liability exposure. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates.

A summary of significant accounting policies is provided in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements. The following section is a summary of certain aspects of those accounting policies that require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and estimates.

Real estate held for development and sale

Real estate held for development and sale includes land, land development costs, construction and other costs. Real estate held for development and use is stated at cost, or when circumstances or events indicate that the real estate is impaired, at estimated fair value. Real estate held for sale is carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Land, land development and indirect land development costs are accumulated by specific project and allocated to various units within that project using specific identification and allocation based upon the relative sales value, unit or area methods. Direct construction costs are assigned to units based on specific identification. Construction costs primarily include direct construction costs and capitalized field overhead. Other costs are comprised of fees, capitalized interest and real estate taxes. Costs incurred to sell real estate are capitalized to the extent they are reasonably expected to be recovered from the sale of the project and are tangible assets or services performed to obtain regulatory approval of sales. Other selling costs are expensed as incurred.

If the project is considered held for sale, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated selling costs. For assets held for development and use, estimated fair value is based on comparable sales of real estate in the normal course of business under existing and anticipated market conditions. The evaluation takes into consideration the current status of the property, various restrictions, carrying costs, costs of disposition and any other circumstances that may affect fair value including management’s plans for the property. A write-down to estimated fair value is recorded when the net carrying value of the property exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows. These evaluations are made on a property-by-property basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the net book value may not be recoverable.

The Company has classified its Eclipse and Penderbrook projects as held for sale and accordingly, carries the projects at fair value less costs to sell as determined by discounted cash flow models, by reference to comparable market transactions, or relevant purchase offers. Discounted cash flow models are dependent upon several subjective factors, including estimated average sales prices, estimated sales pace, and the selection of an appropriate discount rate. The estimates of sales prices, sales pace and discount rates used by the Company are based on the best information available at the time the estimates are made.

In the third quarter of 2012, management evaluated its strategic alternatives with respect to its real estate projects classified as held for sale with the objective of creating additional near term liquidity. As a result, a decision was made to market the Potomac Yard project in a bulk sale transaction, rather than by selling directly to prospective home buyers, significantly accelerating absorption. The impairment charge of $2,358 for the year ended December 31, 2012, reflects the write down to estimated fair value less costs to sell under the revised disposition strategy, however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in the sale of the Potomac Yard project in a bulk sale and in the absence thereof, the Company will continue selling to prospective home buyers. There were no impairment charges recorded during the year ended December 31, 2011.

After impairments and write-offs, real estate held for development and sale consists of the following:

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Warranty reserve

Warranty reserves for units settled are established to cover potential costs for materials and labor with regard to warranty-type claims expected to arise during the typical one-year warranty period provided by the Company or within the two-year statutorily mandated structural warranty period for condominiums. Since the Company typically subcontracts its homebuilding work, subcontractors are required to provide the Company with an indemnity and a certificate of insurance prior to receiving payments for their work. Claims relating to workmanship and materials are generally the primary responsibility of the subcontractors and product manufacturers. The warranty reserve is established at the time of closing, and is calculated based upon historical warranty cost experience and current business factors. This reserve is an estimate and actual warranty costs could vary from these estimates. Variables used in the calculation of the reserve, as well as the adequacy of the reserve based on the number of homes still under warranty, are reviewed on a periodic basis. Warranty claims are directly charged to the reserve as they arise. The following table is a summary of warranty reserve activity which is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

Revenue recognition

We recognize revenues and related profits or losses from the sale of residential properties, including multiple units to the same buyer, finished lots and land sales when closing has occurred, full payment has been received, title and possession of the property has transferred to the buyer and we have no significant continuing involvement in the property. Other revenues include revenue from land sales, rental revenue from leased apartments, which is recognized over the terms of the respective leases, and revenue earned from management and administrative support services provided to related parties, which is recognized as the services are provided.

Income taxes

The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was 0% and 3%, respectively. This resulted in zero and $33 in tax expense for the twelve month periods ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company previously recorded valuation allowances for certain tax attributes and other deferred tax assets. At this time, sufficient uncertainty exists regarding the future realization of these deferred tax assets through future taxable income. In the future, if the Company believes that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax benefits will be realized, the valuation allowances will be reversed. With a full valuation allowance, any change in the deferred tax asset or liability is fully offset by a corresponding change in the valuation allowance.

The Company currently has approximately $116 million in federal and state NOLs, which based on current statutory tax rates, has a potential fair value of approximately $45 million in tax savings. If unused, these NOLs will begin expiring in 2028. Under Section 382 rules, if a change of ownership is triggered, the Company’s NOL assets and possibly certain other deferred tax assets may be impaired. We estimate that as of December 31, 2012, the cumulative shift in ownership of the Company’s stock would not cause an impairment of our NOL asset. However, if an ownership change were to occur, the Section 382 limitation would not be expected to materially impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations as of December 31, 2012, because of the Company’s full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax assets.

The Company’s ability to use its NOLs (and in certain circumstances, future built-in losses and depreciation deductions) can be negatively affected if there is an “ownership change” as defined under Section 382. In general, an ownership change occurs whenever there is a shift in ownership by more than 50 percentage points by one or more 5% shareholders over a specified time period (generally three years). Given Section 382’s broad definition, an ownership change could be the unintended consequence of otherwise normal market trading in the Company’s stock that is outside of the Company’s control. In an effort to preserve the availability of these NOLs, Comstock adopted a Section 382 stockholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”). The Rights Plan was adopted to reduce the likelihood of such an unintended “ownership change” and thus assist in preserving the value of these tax benefits. Similar plans have been adopted by a number of companies holding similar significant tax assets over the past several years. This plan was submitted to a vote of the Company’s shareholders on June 17, 2011, and the plan was approved at that meeting.

The Company has not recorded any accruals for tax uncertainties as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We file U.S. and state income tax returns in jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. The 2009 through 2011 tax years remain subject to examination by federal and most state tax authorities.

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Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates are utilized in the valuation of real estate held for development and sale, valuation of deferred tax assets, capitalization of costs, consolidation of variable interest entities and warranty reserves.

Results of Operations

Year ended December 31, 2012 compared to year ended December 31, 2011

Orders, backlog and cancellations

Gross new order revenue, revenue from all units sold, for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $4.4 million to $18.9 million on 57 units, including condominium units, single-family units and townhome units, as compared to $14.5 million on 50 units for the year ended December 31, 2011. Net new order revenue, revenue for all units sold less revenue from cancellations, for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $2.3 million to $16.4 million on 51 units as compared to $14.1 million on 48 units for the year ended December 31, 2011. The average gross new order revenue per unit for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $42 to $332, as compared to $290 for the year ended December 31, 2011. Our backlog at December 31, 2012 increased $4.8 million to $5.4 million on 9 units as compared to our backlog at December 31, 2011 of $0.6 million on 3 units.

We have four Washington, D.C. projects where we have units available for sale: Penderbrook Square in Fairfax, VA, the Eclipse at Potomac Yard in Arlington, VA, The Hampshires in Northeast, Washington D.C. and Eastgate in Chantilly, VA. As of December 31, 2012, there were 4 units in backlog for a total of $1.8 million related to the Penderbrook and Eclipse projects. Because unit sales at these projects are generated from completed inventory, we do not need to construct units after a sales contract is executed with a unit purchaser. As a result, we are able to quickly execute on a sales contract and deliver the unit to the purchaser with deliveries typically made within thirty days of contract execution. The Hampshires project opened its first model home and began sales in August 2012 and at December 31, 2012, there were 5 units in backlog for a total of $3.6 million. The first model is expected at Eastgate in the 1^st quarter of 2013, with sales anticipated to begin concurrently with the opening. Unit sales at The Hampshires and Eastgate projects are generated from inventory that must be developed and constructed, thus the delivery of the units to the purchaser typically is made in 90 - 120 days from execution of the sales contract with the purchaser.

Revenue – homebuilding

The number of units delivered for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by 3 to 45 as compared to 48 units for the year ended December 31, 2011. Average revenue per unit delivered decreased by approximately $34 to $259 for the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to $293 for the year ended December 31, 2011. Revenue from homebuilding decreased by $2.5 million to $11.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to $14.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. For the year ended December 31, 2012, 37 units were settled at Penderbrook and 8 units at Eclipse, as compared to 29 units at Penderbrook and 17 units at Eclipse for the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease in settlements and decrease in average sales price is largely a function of the available product mix at condominium projects. As of December 31, 2012, there are 19 units remaining in our Eclipse project and 2 units remaining in our Penderbrook project. This compares to 27 units and 39 units, respectively, for Eclipse and Penderbrook at December 31, 2011.

Revenue – other

Revenue – other decreased approximately $5.2 million to $2.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, as compared to $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. These decreases are directly attributable to the completion of several general contracting projects in the latter quarters of 2011 and through 2012, as well as from the reduction in rental operations at the Penderbrook and Eclipse developments due to absorption of the units. The Company has encountered a slowdown in general contracting services, but it continues to pursue opportunities within the Real Estate Services segment as they become available.

Revenue – other includes $0.4 million and $1.2 million of revenue generated by our rental communities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, other revenue includes $1.9 million and $4.9 million, respectively, of related party real estate service revenue as further discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.

We consider revenue to be from homebuilding when there is a structure built or being built on the lot when delivered. Sales of lots occur, and are included in other revenues, when we sell raw land or finished home sites in advance of any home construction.

Cost of sales – homebuilding

Cost of sales – homebuilding for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by $2.5 million, to $9.7 million as compared to $12.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The unit mix of homes settled during the year ended December 31, 2012 accounted for the decrease in the aggregate cost of sales figures. For the year ended December 31, 2012, gross margins increased to 16.4% on units settled as compared to 13.5% for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase in margins is attributable to an increase in traffic and absorption at the two condominium projects resulting in a slight increase in pricing across those units. Further, this is a reflection of impairment charges recorded on the Eclipse project during the 3^rd quarter of 2012.

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Cost of sales – other

Cost of sales – other decreased approximately $3.9 million to $3.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Included in cost of sales – other for the year ended December 31, 2012, costs and gross profits (losses) totaled $1.6 million and $(1.2) million, respectively, related to rental operations at Penderbrook and Eclipse. Included in cost of sales – other for the year ended December 31, 2011, costs and gross profits (losses) totaled $1.5 million and $(0.3) million, respectively, related to the same rental operations. As a result of the continued absorption of the condominium units at Penderbrook and Eclipse, rental revenues have declined and the impact of fixed costs on gross profit has been more significant. The Company expects this trend to continue as the final units within the two condominium projects are absorbed.

Included in cost of sales – other for the year ended December 31, 2012, were costs and gross profits that totaled $1.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to our aforementioned general contracting projects. Included in cost of sales – other for the year ended December 31, 2011, costs and gross profits that totaled $5.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively, related to the same general contracting business. These decreases in the year ended December 31, 2012 are directly related to the decrease in the number of ongoing general contracting projects. Consequently, the decline in revenues generated within the Real Estate Services segment and the impact relative to the fixed costs on gross profit has been more significant. The Company has one ongoing project and continues to pursue opportunities to expand the Real Estate Services segment.

Impairments and write-offs

We recorded an impairment charge of $2.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, to properly record our for sale project at fair market value less costs to sell consistent with the provisions of ASC 360. No impairment charges were recorded during the twelve months ended December 31, 2011. See real estate held for development and sale Note 4 within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion and analysis.

We evaluated all of our projects to determine if recorded carrying amounts were recoverable by evaluating discount rates, sales prices, absorption and our analysis of the best approach to marketing our projects for sale. This evaluation resulted in an aggregate 2012 impairment charge of $2.4 million. The impairment charge was realized related to the Company’s revised disposition strategy. See real estate held for development and sale Note 4 within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased $1.3 million to $8.7 million, as compared to $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase in expenses for the twelve month periods ended in December 31, 2012, is primarily attributable to increases in audit and taxes fees of $134, consulting expenses of $385 and stock compensation of $530.

Interest, real estate taxes and indirect costs related to inactive projects

Interest and real estate taxes incurred relating to the development of lots and parcels are capitalized to real estate held for development and sale during the active development period, which generally commences when borrowings are used to acquire real estate assets and ends when the properties are substantially complete or the property becomes inactive which means that development and construction activities have been suspended indefinitely. Interest is capitalized based on the interest rate applicable to specific borrowings or the weighted average of the rates applicable to other borrowings during the period. Interest and real estate taxes capitalized to real estate held for development and sale are expensed as a component of cost of sales as related units are sold. Approximately, $351 and $320 of interest was capitalized to projects during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

When a project becomes inactive, its interest, real estate taxes and indirect overhead costs are no longer capitalized but rather expensed in the period in which they are incurred. During the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, several of our historical projects were determined to be inactive for accounting purposes. Refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the breakdown of the interest, real estate taxes and indirect costs related to inactive projects reported on the consolidated statement of operations.

Discontinued operations

As described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on March 7, 2012, the Company’s subsidiary sold the Cascades Apartments for $19.35 million. Because the sale of the Cascades Apartments represents a component of the Company, U.S. GAAP requires the results of operations associated with the Cascades Apartments to be included in Discontinued Operations. Accordingly, the net gain from the sale of the project of $6.5 million is reflected within Discontinued Operations in the accompanying financial statements. Although the sale of the Cascades project is presented in the accompanying financial statements under Discontinued Operations, developing apartments for the purpose of selling is a component of the Company’s ongoing strategy and operating activities. The Company continues to pursue such projects within its Apartment Buildings segment and anticipates that sales of similar operating projects will be reflected in this manner.

Income taxes

The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was 0% and 3%, respectively. This resulted in zero and $33 in tax expense for the twelve month periods ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We require capital to operate, to post deposits on new deals, to purchase and develop land, to construct homes, to fund related carrying costs and overhead and to fund various advertising and marketing programs to generate sales. These expenditures include payroll, community engineering, entitlement, architecture, advertising, utilities and interest as well as the construction costs of our homes. Our sources of capital include, and will continue to include, funds derived from various secured and unsecured borrowings to finance construction on acquired land, cash flow from operations, which includes the sale and delivery of constructed homes, rental apartment projects, finished and raw building lots and the sale of equity and debt securities.

The Company is involved in ongoing discussions with lenders in an effort to provide additional growth capital to fund various new business opportunities. In addition, on March 14, 2013, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Comstock Investors VII, L.C., entered into subscription agreements with certain accredited investors (“Comstock VII Investors”), pursuant to which the Comstock VII Investors purchased membership interests in the subsidiary for an initial aggregate principal amount of $6,925, of an up to $7,000 capital raise. Further, we have executed extensions and obtained new facilities to significantly reduce the debt obligations maturing in 2013. As of December 31, 2012, the maturities and curtailment obligations for 2013 was $14,027, of which, the new facilities and extensions resulted in $13,291 of the obligations with revised maturities beginning in 2015 and beyond. Refer to Note 20 for more details on the capital raise and changes to our credit facilities. We are anticipating that through a combination of the capital raised through the aforementioned private placement, current available cash on hand and additional cash from settlement proceeds at existing and under development communities, the Company will have sufficient financial resources to sustain our operations through the next 12 months, though no assurances can be made that we will be successful in our efforts.

Credit Facilities

We have outstanding borrowings with various financial institutions and other lenders that have been used to finance the acquisition, development and construction of real estate property.

As of December 31, 2012, maturities and/or curtailment obligations of all of our borrowings are as follows:

As a result of debt extensions, repayments, and new facilities secured after December 31, 2012, as disclosed in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements, we have significantly reduced the maturities and curtailment obligations for 2013. As of December 31, 2012, the maturities and curtailment obligations for 2013 was $14,027, of which, the new facilities and extensions resulted in $13,291 of the obligations with revised maturities beginning in 2015 and beyond.

The Company has generally financed its development and construction activities on a single or multiple project basis so it is not uncommon for each project or collection of projects the Company develops and builds to have a separate credit facility. Accordingly, the Company typically has had numerous credit facilities and lenders. As described in more detail below, at December 31, 2012 and 2011 our outstanding debt by lender was as follows:

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Significant 2012 Borrowings

Eagle Bank

On May 29, 2012, the Company, through its Comstock Potomac Yard, L.C. and Comstock Penderbrook, L.C. subsidiaries, entered into a loan agreement with Eagle Bank pursuant to which the Company secured a $9.96 million loan with a twenty-seven month term (the “Eagle Bank Loan”) to refinance the Company’s Eclipse condominium project and Penderbrook Square condominium project. Proceeds from the Eagle Bank Loan were primarily utilized (i) to pay off existing indebtedness of approximately $7.97 million, (ii) set up an interest reserve escrow pursuant to the term of agreement in the amount $0.5 million, (iii) pay approximately $0.1 million in settlement charges and closing costs, and (iv) for general corporate purpose. The interest reserve escrow is held in the name of the bank, and if the borrower defaults under the loan agreement, the bank has sole discretion to apply the funds or portion of the funds to pay off the indebtedness. Commencing thirty days after closing, the Company is required to make monthly payments of interest only on outstanding principal balance, principal curtailment payments upon settlements at the two subsidiaries and a minimum principal curtailment payment of $4.98 million no later than 12 months following the closing of the Eagle Bank Loan. There is no prepayment penalty associated with the Eagle Bank Loan. The balance outstanding at December 31, 2012 was $4.08 million.

On August 23, 2012, the Company, through New Hampshire Ave. Ventures, LLC, a consolidated joint venture of its subsidiary Comstock Ventures XVI, L.C. and 6000 New Hampshire Avenue, LLC, entered into a three-year loan agreement and related documents with Eagle Bank securing a $6.0 million revolving development loan and a $4.0 million revolving construction loan (collectively, the “Eagle NHA Revolver”) to finance The Hampshires, the Company’s 111-unit project located in Washington, D.C. Proceeds from the Eagle NHA Revolver will primarily be utilized to (i) pay for expenses associated with the Eagle NHA Revolver; (ii) reimburse the Company for development costs previously expended and (iii) to pay for the future development and construction related expenses. Under the terms of the Loan Agreement, the Eagle NHA Revolver provides for an initial floating interest rate of LIBOR plus 3% with an interest rate floor of 5.75%. The New Hampshire Ave. Ventures, LLC is required to make monthly interest payments on the Eagle NHA Revolver to the extent not offset by a $400 interest reserve initially set aside for the benefit of the Borrower and is required to make a minimum principal curtailment under the development portion of the Eagle NHA Revolver of $3.22 million by December 31, 2013 and additional curtailments on a quarterly basis thereafter. There is no prepayment penalty associated with the Eagle NHA Revolver, which is secured by a first deed of trust and is fully guaranteed by the Company. The balance outstanding at December 31, 2012 was $3.16 million.

On December 27, 2012, the Company, through Comstock Redland Road, L.C. subsidiary (the “Borrower”) entered into an acquisition bridge loan (the “Bridge Loan”) with Eagle Bank (“Lender”), pursuant to which the Company secured $2.5 million to finance the Company’s acquisition of the property directly adjacent to the Shady Grove Metro in Rockville, Montgomery County, Maryland. The Company utilized the proceeds from the Eagle Bank Loan (the “Bridge Loan”) to (i) pay for the acquisition of land planned for development of 36 townhomes, 3 single family, and a 117-unit multi-family apartments and (ii) to pay for expenses associated with settlement charges and closing costs. Under the terms of the loan agreement, the Bridge Loan provides for an interest rate of 5% per annum. The Company is expected to make monthly interest payments commencing thirty days after closing, with entire principal balance due March 28, 2013. The loan is secured by a promissory note, second deed of trust and security agreement on the property, second deed of trust and security agreement on the Potomac Yard project, a guaranty of Comstock Holding Companies, Inc., Comstock Potomac Yard, L.C. and Christopher Clemente, the Chief Executive Officer of Comstock Holding Companies, Inc., and other ancillary documents (collectively, the “Bridge Loan Documents”) . There is no prepayment penalty associated with the Bridge Loan. The amount outstanding at December 31, 2012 was $2.5 million. The Bridge Loan was repaid in full on March 25, 2012 as further described in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements.

Rosalie K. Stahl Trust

On August 23, 2012, the Company, through New Hampshire Ave. Ventures, LLC, a consolidated joint venture of its subsidiary Comstock Ventures XVI, L.C. and 6000 New Hampshire Avenue, LLC, also entered into a $3.0 million mezzanine loan (the “NHA Mezzanine Loan”) in connection with the The Hampshires project with the Rosalie K. Stahl Trust. Proceeds from the NHA Mezzanine Loan, which has a three-year maturity date, were utilized to acquire the land for development of the project. The NHA Mezzanine Loan provides for an interest rate of 13.5% per annum, interest to be paid current on a monthly basis, with the full principal balance being due at maturity. The NHA Mezzanine Loan is secured by a second deed of trust, which is fully subordinate to the Eagle NHA Revolver and is non-recourse to the Company. There is no prepayment penalty associated with the NHA Mezzanine Loan.

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Cardinal Bank

On September 27, 2012, the Company, through Comstock Eastgate, L.C. (“Eastgate”), a consolidated joint venture of Comstock Holding Companies, Inc. and BridgeCom Development I, LLC, entered into a loan agreement with Cardinal Bank to which the Company secured a $2.5 million revolving construction loan (the “Cardinal Bank Revolver”) to finance The Villas at Eastgate, the Company’s 66-unit project located in Loudoun County, VA. The loan maturity is twelve months from origination, with an automatic extension of twelve months subject to the Company meeting sales conditions, which include (i) entering into binding contracts for the sale of eighteen units and (ii) settling twelve units, each by the one year anniversary of the loan. The proceeds of Cardinal Bank Revolver will be primarily utilized to pay expenses associated with the loan and future construction expenses of the project. The Cardinal Bank Revolver provides for a variable interest rate of Prime plus 0.5%, with an interest rate floor of 4.75%. Commencing thirty days after loan close, the Company is required to make monthly payments of interest only and upon the closing of the sale of a unit, make principal curtailment payments of 100% of unit costs borrowed. There is no prepayment penalty associated with the Cardinal Bank Revolver.

TSR-Shady Grove, LLC

On December 27, 2012, the Company, through the Comstock Redland Road, L.C. subsidiary, entered into a Deferred Purchase Money Promissory Note with TSR-Shady Grove, LLC, a Maryland Limited liability company, pursuant to which the Company secured $5.75 million for the acquisition of land planned for development of 36 town houses, 3 single family moderately priced dwelling units and a 117-unit multi-family apartments. The TSR-Shady Grove Loan provides for an interest rate of 6% per annum, interest is payable commencing thirty days after closing, with entire principal balance due March 28, 2013. However, pursuant to the Purchase and Sale Agreement, no interest shall accrue until the property is vacated. Subsequent to December 31, 2012, the tenant vacated the property. The TSR-Shady Grove Loan is secured by a deferred purchase money first deed of trust. There is no prepayment penalty associated with Redland Road Loan. The balance outstanding at December 31, 2012 was $5.75 million. The Deferred Purchase Money Promissory Note was repaid in full on March 25, 2012 as further described in Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements.

Stonehenge

On March 14, 2013, Stonehenge Funding, LC (“Stonehenge”), an entity wholly-owned by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, entered into an Extension Agreement of the Amended and Restated Senior Note with the Company to extend the maturity date of the financing arrangement to January 1, 2016. Under the terms of the Extension Agreement, the Company is required to pay $50 monthly to Stonehenge, to be allocated first to accrued and unpaid interest and then to unpaid principal outstanding, beginning on April 1, 2013. The Extension Agreement was subject to the approval by the Company’s board of directors and approval was obtained on March 21, 2013.

Cash Flow

Net cash used in operating activities was $16.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. This represents a decline from the net cash provided by operating activities of $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. However, the 2012 cash flows do not reflect the net cash flows from the sale of the Cascades Apartments of approximately $4.7 million. Although the construction, development and sale of this and potentially other future merchant build projects are an ongoing component of the Company’s operations, the sale of the project is required to be presented as Discontinued Operations. Accordingly, the net cash flows are presented within the investing and financing section of the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows. Additionally, for 2012, other significant outflows relate to a $1.2 million reduction in accrued interest payable for debt service payments made to lenders, a $19.3 million dollar change in cash flows related to real estate held for development and sale arising from land acquisitions and expenditures for development activities and a $0.5 million reduction in payables related to payments made to vendors and compensation paid to employees, reflective of the improved cash position of the Company.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $18.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily attributable to the sale of the Cascades Apartments. Net cash used in investing activities was $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily attributable to the development of the Cascades Apartments.

Net cash used in financing activities was $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily attributable to the payoff of long outstanding deficiency notes, debt curtailments on settlements and refinancing and retirement of the non-controlling interests, including preferred returns, in full related to the Cascades Apartments. Net cash provided by financing activities was $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily attributable to the Private Placement for the Cascades Apartments.

Seasonality and Weather

Our business is affected by seasonality with respect to orders and deliveries. In the market in which we operate, the primary selling season is from January through May as well as September and October. Orders in other months typically are lower. In addition, the markets in which we operate are four-season markets that experience significant periods of rain and snow. Construction cycles and efforts are often adversely affected by severe weather.

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Inflation

Inflation can have a significant impact on our business performance and the home building industry in general. Rising costs of land, transportation costs, utility costs, materials, labor, overhead, administrative costs and interest rates on floating credit facilities can adversely affect our business performance. In addition, rising costs of certain items, such as lumber, can adversely affect the expected profitability of our backlog. Generally, we have been able to recover any increases in costs through increased selling prices. However, there is no assurance we will be able to increase selling prices in the future to cover the effects of inflation and other cost increases.

Not applicable.

Reference is made to the financial statements, the notes thereto, and the report thereon, commencing on page F-1 of this report, which financial statements, notes, and report are incorporated herein by reference.

Not applicable.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2012. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of December 31, 2012, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, and designed to ensure that (a) information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and instructions, and (b) information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

We do not expect that our disclosure controls and internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only assurance, at the reasonable assurance level, that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f)/15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria set forth in the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). This evaluation included review of the documentation of controls, evaluation of the design effectiveness of controls, testing of the operating effectiveness of controls and a conclusion on this evaluation. Our management determined that, as of December 31, 2012, our internal control over financial reporting is effective.

Changes in Internal Control

No change has occurred in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during our last fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2012, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

None.

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PART III

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, except that the information relating to our executive officers is included in Item 1, “Business – Executive Officers” of this report.

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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PART IV

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:

(1) Financial Statements are listed in the Index to Financial Statements on page F-1 of this report.

(2) Schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or because the information required to be set forth therein is included in the consolidated and combined financial statements or notes thereto.

(3) Exhibits

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

F-1

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Comstock Holding Companies, Inc.:

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed on page F-1 present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Comstock Holding Companies, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

McLean, Virginia

March 27, 2013

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COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

F-3

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COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-4

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COMSTOCK HOLDING COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)