Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________________________

FORM 10-Q

___________________________________

(Mark One)



ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________.

Commission File Number: 001-36127

______________________________

COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

______________________________



Delaware		20-1945088
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

39550 Orchard Hill Place Drive

Novi, Michigan 48375

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(248) 596-5900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

______________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	ý	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨
		Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý

As of October 26, 2018 there were 17,774,669 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding.

COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.

Form 10-Q

For the period ended September 30, 2018



		Page

	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Net Income	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	40

	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	41
Item 5.	Other Information	42
Item 6.	Exhibits	42
SIGNATURES		43

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF NET INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share amounts)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Sales	$	861,653		$	869,016		$	2,757,306		$	2,680,212
Cost of products sold	741,998			718,207			2,315,406			2,187,213
Gross profit	119,655			150,809			441,900			492,999
Selling, administration & engineering expenses	82,134			87,791			238,913			260,360
Amortization of intangibles	3,791			3,432			10,596			10,563
Gain on sale of land	(10,714		)	—			(10,714		)	—
Impairment charges	—			—			—			4,270
Restructuring charges	2,703			9,909			19,841			28,220
Operating profit	41,741			49,677			183,264			189,586
Interest expense, net of interest income	(9,983		)	(10,256		)	(29,756		)	(31,788		)
Equity in earnings of affiliates	1,413			660			4,348			3,735
Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt	—			—			(770		)	(1,020		)
Other expense, net	(1,697		)	(6,785		)	(3,973		)	(10,643		)
Income before income taxes	31,474			33,296			153,113			149,870
Income tax expense (benefit)	(1,190		)	7,838			19,831			40,258
Net income	32,664			25,458			133,282			109,612
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(508		)	(818		)	(2,457		)	(2,810		)
Net income attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.	$	32,156		$	24,640		$	130,825		$	106,802

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	1.80		$	1.39		$	7.29		$	6.01
Diluted	$	1.77		$	1.32		$	7.13		$	5.67

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income	$	32,664		$	25,458		$	133,282		$	109,612
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Currency translation adjustment	(15,715		)	16,535			(41,277		)	41,204
Benefit plan liabilities adjustment, net of tax	656			3,963			4,914			1,235
Fair value change of derivatives, net of tax	1,481			(966		)	1,871			617
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(13,578		)	19,532			(34,492		)	43,056
Comprehensive income	19,086			44,990			98,790			152,668
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	584			(1,306		)	(704		)	(3,891		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.	$	19,670		$	43,684		$	98,086		$	148,777

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollar amounts in thousands except share amounts)



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	282,357		$	515,952
Accounts receivable, net	462,619			494,049
Tooling receivable	134,072			112,561
Inventories	182,743			170,196
Prepaid expenses	37,221			33,205
Other current assets	86,547			100,778
Assets held for sale	120,940			—
Total current assets	1,306,499			1,426,741
Property, plant and equipment, net	966,581			952,178
Goodwill	183,698			171,852
Intangible assets, net	91,393			69,091
Other assets	111,753			105,786
Total assets	$	2,659,924		$	2,725,648

Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:
Debt payable within one year	$	36,947		$	34,921
Accounts payable	452,197			523,296
Payroll liabilities	108,111			123,090
Accrued liabilities	109,915			145,650
Liabilities held for sale	75,044			—
Total current liabilities	782,214			826,957
Long-term debt	727,183			723,325
Pension benefits	130,646			180,173
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	53,030			61,921
Other liabilities	55,696			78,183
Total liabilities	1,748,769			1,870,559
7% Cumulative participating convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	—			—
Equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 190,000,000 shares authorized; 19,840,438 shares issued and 17,774,629 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2018, and 19,920,805 shares issued and 17,914,599 outstanding as of December 31, 2017	18			18
Additional paid-in capital	510,349			512,815
Retained earnings	609,962			511,367
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(239,009		)	(197,631		)
Total Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. equity	881,320			826,569
Noncontrolling interests	29,835			28,520
Total equity	911,155			855,089
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,659,924		$	2,725,648

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except share amounts)



	Total Equity
	Common Shares		Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2017	17,914,599		$	18	$	512,815		$	511,367		$	(197,631	)	$	826,569		$	28,520		$	855,089
Repurchase of common stock	(327,788	)	—		(8,088		)	(35,437		)	—			(43,525		)	—			(43,525		)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle	—		—		—			8,639			(8,639		)	—			—			—
Share-based compensation, net	187,818		—		8,304			(5,432		)	—			2,872			—			2,872
Purchase of noncontrolling interest	—		—		(2,682		)	—			—			(2,682		)	312			(2,370		)
Contribution from noncontrolling interests	—		—		—			—			—			—			299			299
Net income	—		—		—			130,825			—			130,825			2,457			133,282
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—			—			(32,739		)	(32,739		)	(1,753		)	(34,492		)
Balance as of September 30, 2018	17,774,629		$	18	$	510,349		$	609,962		$	(239,009	)	$	881,320		$	29,835		$	911,155

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	133,282		$	109,612
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	98,675			88,850
Amortization of intangibles	10,596			10,563
Gain on sale of land	(10,714		)	—
Impairment charges	—			4,270
Share-based compensation expense	14,117			19,006
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of dividends related to earnings	160			1,647
Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt	770			1,020
Other	8,666			14,706
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(177,548		)	(144,584		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	78,004			105,090
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(160,088		)	(137,446		)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired	(98,673		)	(478		)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets and other	8,173			1,236
Net cash used in investing activities	(250,588		)	(136,688		)
Financing activities:
Principal payments on long-term debt	(2,928		)	(15,616		)
Increase in short-term debt, net	3,554			6,070
Purchase of noncontrolling interests	(2,450		)	—
Repurchase of common stock	(43,525		)	(30,680		)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	—			836
Taxes withheld and paid on employees' share-based payment awards	(11,571		)	(11,949		)
Other	(88		)	(795		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(57,008		)	(52,134		)
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(3,045		)	(22,836		)
Changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(232,637		)	(106,568		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	518,461			482,979
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	285,824		$	376,411

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheet:
	Balance as of
	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	282,357		$	515,952
Restricted cash included in other current assets	614			88
Restricted cash included in other assets	2,853			2,421
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	285,824		$	518,461

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

1. Overview

Basis of Presentation

Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Cooper Standard”), through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cooper-Standard Automotive Inc. (“CSA U.S.”), is a leading manufacturer of sealing, fuel and brake delivery, fluid transfer, and anti-vibration systems. The Company’s products are primarily for use in passenger vehicles and light trucks that are manufactured by global automotive original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and replacement markets. The Company conducts substantially all of its activities through its subsidiaries.

Subsequent to the end of the Company's third quarter, on November 2, 2018, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to divest the anti-vibration systems product line. See Note 3. Acquisitions and Divestitures and Note 4. Assets Held for Sale.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Annual Report”), as filed with the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations of the Company. The operating results for the interim period ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. In preparing these financial statements, the Company has evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued.

The Company’s financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 have been recast to reflect the effects of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, and ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, both of which were adopted in the first quarter of 2018. The financial statement line items affected due to the adoption of ASU 2017-07 were cost of products sold, selling, administration & engineering expenses and other expense, net. The financial statement line items affected due to the adoption of ASU 2016-18 were cash flows from operating activities and beginning and ending cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. Amounts included in restricted cash are maintained to meet local regulatory requirements in Europe and Korea in support of employee related programs.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company adopted the following ASU during the three months ended September 30, 2018:



Standard	Description	Impact	Effective Date
ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting	Simplifies the accounting for nonemployee share-based payments by aligning the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payments to nonemployees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. A modified retrospective transition approach is required. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption of Topic 606.	No impact	January 1, 2019 (early adopted as of September 30, 2018)

The Company adopted the following ASU during the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all related amendments using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed at the date of initial application. The new standard replaced existing revenue recognition guidance with a five-step

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

model and additional financial statement disclosures. The core principle of the guidance is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company did not recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings because net income was not impacted upon adoption. However, the cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet were as follows:



	Balance as of December 31, 2017		Adjustments due to adoption of ASC 606			Balance as of January 1, 2018
Assets
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$	494,049	$	(4,604	)	$	489,445
Other current assets	$	100,778	$	4,604		$	105,382

The new standard primarily impacted how the Company accounts for unbilled receivables associated with variable pricing arrangements, now recognized as contract assets. Before adoption, the Company recognized such amounts in accounts receivable. In accordance with the modified retrospective adoption method, comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The following table summarizes the impact of adopting the new standard on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018.



	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change Higher / (Lower)
Assets
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$	462,619	$	465,468	$	(2,849	)
Other current assets	$	86,547	$	83,698	$	2,849

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company considered the recently issued accounting pronouncement summarized as follows, which will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements or disclosures:



Standard	Description	Impact	Effective Date
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)	Requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases (except for short-term leases). The standard also requires additional disclosures to help financial statement users better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from lease transactions. Several ASUs have been issued since the issuance of ASU 2016-02. These ASUs are intended to promote a more consistent interpretation and application of the principles outlined in the standard and provide an additional transition method. A modified retrospective transition approach is required with certain practical expedients available.	The Company continues to perform a comprehensive evaluation on the impacts of adopting this standard and believes this standard will primarily result in a material increase in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet and will not have a material impact on its consolidated income statement or statement of cash flows. The Company is progressing in its implementation of lease administration software and continues to assess the impact to our systems, processes, accounting policies and internal controls. While the Company's evaluation is ongoing, the impact on existing processes, controls, and information systems is expected to be significant. The Company will adopt the guidance effective January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method whereby the cumulative effect of adopting the standard is recognized in equity at the date of initial application. The Company continues to analyze all of the practical expedients and plans to elect the package of practical expedients on existing leases as of the effective date and not elect the hindsight practical expedient.	January 1, 2019
ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement	This amendment modifies the disclosure requirements for ASC Topic 820 by removing and modifying existing disclosure requirements as well as adding new disclosures.	The Company is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of adopting this standard and expects this standard will primarily result in additional quantitative disclosures for Level 3 fair value measurements.	January 1, 2020
ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans	This amendment modifies the disclosure requirements for ASC Topic 815 by removing and modifying existing disclosure requirements as well as adding new disclosures.	The Company is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of adopting this standard and expects this standard will primarily result in additional pension disclosures while also removing certain disclosures. Specifically, the weighted-average interest crediting rate for our cash balance plan and if needed, an explanation for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period will be added while accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year and the effects of a one-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost trend rate will be removed.	December 31, 2020

3. Acquisitions and Divestitures

AMI Acquisition

In the first quarter of 2018, the Company finalized its purchase of 100% equity interest of the China fuel and brake business of AMI Industries (“AMI China”) for cash consideration of $3,900. This acquisition directly aligns with the Company’s growth strategy by expanding the Company’s fuel and brake business. The results of operations of AMI China are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition, February 1, 2018, and

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

reported within the Asia Pacific segment. The pro forma effect of this acquisition would not materially impact the Company’s reported results for any periods presented, and as a result no pro forma information has been presented. This acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, with the total purchase price allocated using information available. The fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeded the fair value of the consideration transferred by an immaterial amount.

INOAC Acquisition

Also in the first quarter of 2018, the Company purchased the remaining 49% equity interest of Cooper-Standard INOAC Pte. Ltd., a fluid transfer systems joint venture, at a purchase price of $2,450. This acquisition was accounted for as an equity transaction. Subsequent to the transaction, the Company owns 100% of the equity interests of Cooper-Standard INOAC Pte. Ltd.

Lauren Acquisition

On August 1, 2018, the Company acquired the assets and liabilities of Lauren Manufacturing and Lauren Plastics, extruders and molders of organic, silicone, thermoplastic and engineered polymer products with expertise in sealing solutions, to further expand the Company’s Industrial and Specialty Group and non-automotive and adjacent markets. The base purchase price of the acquisition was $92,700, subject to certain adjustments. The results of operations of Lauren Manufacturing and Lauren Plastics are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and reported within the North America segment. The pro forma effect of this acquisition would not materially impact the Company’s reported results for any periods presented, and as a result no pro forma information has been presented. This acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, with the total purchase price allocated on a preliminary basis which is subject to change as the Company continues its review during the measurement period.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of Lauren assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:



	August 1, 2018
Accounts receivable	$	11,092
Inventories	7,566
Prepaid expenses and other	365
Property, plant, and equipment	22,956
Goodwill	27,149
Intangible assets	34,910
Total assets acquired	$	104,038

Accounts payable	$	4,565
Other current liabilities	2,260
Other liabilities	4,673
Total liabilities assumed	11,498
Net assets acquired	$	92,540

Accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and other current liabilities were stated at historical carrying values, which management believes approximates fair value given the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. Inventories were recorded at fair value which is estimated for finished goods and work-in-process based upon the expected selling price less costs to complete, selling, and disposal costs, and a normal profit margin. Raw material inventory was recorded at historical carrying value as such value approximates the replacement cost. The Company has estimated the fair value of property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other liabilities based upon third party valuations, management's estimates, available information and reasonable assumptions. Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition price over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Subsequent Events

On October 31, 2018, the Company acquired 80.1% of LS Mtron’s automotive parts business. Through the acquisition of the injection molding system and automotive parts supplier, the Company further expands its core product offerings and strategic footprint in the Asia Pacific segment. The base purchase price was approximately $25,100.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

On November 1, 2018, the Company acquired Hutchings Automotive Products, LLC, a North American supplier of high quality fluid carrying products for automotive powertrain and coolant systems applications. The base purchase price was approximately $41,600.

On November 2, 2018, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to divest its anti-vibration systems product line. The expected sale price is approximately $265,500, subject to certain adjustments. See Note 4. Assets Held for Sale.

4. Assets Held for Sale

In the third quarter of 2018, management approved a plan to sell the anti-vibration systems (“AVS”) product line within its North America, Europe and Asia Pacific segments. The Company expects to sell the business within one year from management's approval of the plan. The business and its associated assets and liabilities met the criteria for presentation as held for sale as of September 1, 2018, and as such the assets and liabilities associated with the transaction are separately classified as held for sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 and depreciation of long-lived assets ceased. The planned divestiture did not meet the criteria for presentation as a discontinued operation.

Subsequent to the end of the Company's third quarter, on November 2, 2018, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to divest the AVS product line. The expected sale price is approximately $265,500, subject to certain adjustments. The planned divestiture of the AVS product line is expected to close in the first half of 2019 and is subject to customary closing conditions, including regulatory and third-party approvals.

The major classes of assets and liabilities held for sale were as follows:



	September 30, 2018
Accounts receivable, net	$	52,636
Tooling receivable	3,396
Inventories	16,369
Prepaid expenses	1,848
Other current assets	1,709
Property, plant and equipment, net	28,266
Goodwill	13,500
Other assets	3,216
Total assets held for sale	$	120,940

Accounts payable	$	42,112
Payroll liabilities	7,285
Accrued liabilities	1,416
Pension benefits	15,628
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	8,391
Other liabilities	212
Total liabilities related to assets held for sale	$	75,044

5. Revenue

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which was adopted on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method.

Revenue by customer group for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)



	North America		Europe		Asia Pacific		South America		Consolidated
Automotive	$	441,142	$	201,885	$	136,147	$	25,466	$	804,640
Commercial	5,926		7,693		4		101		13,724
Other	24,485		18,754		4		46		43,289
Revenue	$	471,553	$	228,332	$	136,155	$	25,613	$	861,653

Revenue by customer group for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:



	North America		Europe		Asia Pacific		South America		Consolidated
Automotive	$	1,395,263	$	710,197	$	433,309	$	75,328	$	2,614,097
Commercial	17,025		26,830		11		341		44,207
Other	36,051		62,830		4		117		99,002
Revenue	$	1,448,339	$	799,857	$	433,324	$	75,786	$	2,757,306

The automotive group consists of sales to automotive OEMs and automotive suppliers, while the commercial group represents sales to OEMs of on- and off-highway commercial equipment and vehicles. The other customer group includes sales related to specialty and adjacent markets.

Substantially all the Company’s revenues are generated from sealing, fuel and brake delivery, fluid transfer and anti-vibration systems for use in passenger vehicles and light trucks manufactured by global OEMs.

A summary of the Company’s products is as follows:



Product Line		Description
Sealing Systems		Protect vehicle interiors from weather, dust and noise intrusion for improved driving experience; provide aesthetic and functional class-A exterior surface treatment
Fuel & Brake Delivery Systems		Sense, deliver and control fluids to fuel and brake systems
Fluid Transfer Systems		Sense, deliver and control fluids and vapors for optimal powertrain & HVAC operation
Anti-Vibration Systems		Control and isolate vibration and noise in the vehicle to improve ride and handling

Revenue by product line for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:



	North America		Europe		Asia Pacific		South America		Consolidated
Sealing systems	$	149,074	$	142,342	$	107,940	$	19,398	$	418,754
Fuel and brake delivery systems	136,903		31,752		22,044		6,122		196,821
Fluid transfer systems	104,058		19,642		4,309		93		128,102
Anti-vibration systems	63,563		15,328		1,862		—		80,753
Other	17,955		19,268		—		—		37,223
Consolidated	$	471,553	$	228,332	$	136,155	$	25,613	$	861,653

Revenue by product line for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)



	North America		Europe		Asia Pacific		South America		Consolidated
Sealing systems	$	487,757	$	502,431	$	342,314	$	56,786	$	1,389,288
Fuel and brake delivery systems	415,012		107,366		68,373		18,698		609,449
Fluid transfer systems	331,226		65,706		15,965		302		413,199
Anti-vibration systems	195,835		57,077		6,672		—		259,584
Other	18,509		67,277		—		—		85,786
Consolidated	$	1,448,339	$	799,857	$	433,324	$	75,786	$	2,757,306

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account in ASC 606. The Company has one major performance obligation category: manufactured parts.

A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied. It is not unusual for the Company’s contracts to include multiple performance obligations. For such contracts, the Company generally allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on the purchase order or other arranged pricing.

The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time, generally when products are shipped or delivered. The point at which revenue is recognized often depends on the shipping terms.

The Company usually enters agreements with customers to produce products at the beginning of a vehicle’s life. Blanket purchase orders received from customers and related documents generally establish the annual terms, including pricing, related to a vehicle model. Although purchase orders do not usually specify quantities, fulfillment of customers’ purchasing requirements can be the Company’s obligation for the entire production life of the vehicle. These agreements generally may be terminated by the Company’s customer at any time, but such cancellations have historically been minimal. Customers typically pay for parts based on customary business practices with payment terms generally between 30 and 90 days. The Company has no significant financing arrangements with customers.

The Company applies the optional exemption to forgo disclosing information about its remaining performance obligations because its contracts usually have an original expected duration of one year or less. It also applies an accounting policy to treat shipping and handling costs that are incurred after revenue is recognizable as a fulfillment activity by expensing such costs as incurred, instead of as a separate performance obligation. This is consistent with the Company’s historical accounting practices. The Company has chosen to present revenue net of sales and other similar taxes, which is also consistent with its historical accounting practices.

Contract Estimates

The amount of revenue recognized is usually based on the purchase order price and adjusted for variable consideration, including pricing concessions. The Company accrues for pricing concessions by reducing revenue as products are shipped or delivered. The accruals are based on historical experience, anticipated performance and management’s best judgment. The Company also generally has ongoing adjustments to customer pricing arrangements based on the content and cost of its products. Such pricing accruals are adjusted as they are settled with customers. Customer returns are usually related to quality or shipment issues and are recorded as a reduction of revenue. The Company generally does not recognize significant return obligations due to their infrequent nature.

Contract Balances

The Company’s contract assets consist of unbilled amounts associated with variable pricing arrangements in its Asia Pacific region. Once pricing is finalized, contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable. As a result, the timing of revenue recognition and billings, as well as changes in foreign exchange rates, will impact contract assets on an ongoing basis. Changes during the nine month period ended September 30, 2018 were not materially impacted by any other factors.

The Company’s contract liabilities consist of advance payments received and due from customers. Net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)



	September 30, 2018			January 1, 2018		Change
Contract assets	$	2,849		$	4,604	$	(1,755	)
Contract liabilities	(646		)	—		(646		)
Net contract assets (liabilities)	$	2,203		$	4,604	$	(2,401	)

Other

The Company provides assurance-type warranties to its customers. Such warranties provide customers with assurance that the related product will function as intended and complies with any agreed-upon specifications, and are recognized in costs of products sold.

6. Restructuring

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its business and objectives to ensure that it is properly configured and sized based on changing market conditions. Accordingly, the Company has implemented several restructuring initiatives, including closure or consolidation of facilities throughout the world and the reorganization of its operating structure.

In January 2015, the Company announced its intention to further restructure its European manufacturing footprint based on anticipated market demands. This initiative is expected to be substantially complete by December 31, 2018. The estimated cost of this initiative is $121,000 to $125,000, of which approximately $113,500 has been incurred to date. The Company expects to incur total employee separation costs (as defined below) of approximately $61,000 to $63,000, other related exit costs of approximately $59,000 to $61,000 and non-cash asset impairments related to restructuring activities of approximately $500.

The Company’s restructuring charges consist of severance, retention and outplacement services, and severance-related postemployment benefits (collectively, “employee separation costs”), other related exit costs and asset impairments related to restructuring activities.

Restructuring expense by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
North America	$	830	$	2,503	$	3,831	$	3,320
Europe	1,212		6,236		14,465		22,341
Asia Pacific	606		1,170		1,375		2,559
South America	55		—		170		—
Total	$	2,703	$	9,909	$	19,841	$	28,220

Restructuring activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:



	Employee Separation Costs			Other Exit Costs			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	15,091		$	7,244		$	22,335
Expense	13,118			6,723			19,841
Cash payments	(20,591		)	(10,585		)	(31,176		)
Foreign exchange translation and other	(521		)	(102		)	(623		)
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	7,097		$	3,280		$	10,377

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

7. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Finished goods	$	51,551	$	47,613
Work in process	42,854		35,455
Raw materials and supplies	88,338		87,128
	$	182,743	$	170,196

8. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Land and improvements	$	68,793		$	73,419
Buildings and improvements	282,815			305,231
Machinery and equipment	1,049,711			1,022,279
Construction in progress	227,654			198,358
	1,628,973			1,599,287
Accumulated depreciation	(662,392		)	(647,109		)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	966,581		$	952,178

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company realized a gain on sale of land of $10,714 in its Europe segment. The net book value of the land was $5,446. The sale of land was contemplated in conjunction with our restructuring plan.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Due to the Company’s decision to divest two of its inactive European sites, the Company recorded non-cash asset impairment charges of $4,270 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Fair value was determined based on current real estate market conditions.

9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable operating segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were as follows:



	North America			Europe			Asia Pacific			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	122,395		$	12,454		$	37,003		$	171,852
Acquisitions	27,784			—			—			27,784
Reclassified as held for sale	(12,015		)	—			(1,485		)	(13,500		)
Foreign exchange translation	(96		)	(392		)	(1,950		)	(2,438		)
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	138,068		$	12,062		$	33,568		$	183,698

Goodwill is tested for impairment by reporting unit annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. There were no indicators of potential impairment during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets and accumulated amortization balances as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:



	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Customer relationships	$	145,362	$	(95,690	)	$	49,672
Developed technology	2,783		(2,783		)	—
Other	45,183		(3,462		)	41,721
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	193,328	$	(101,935	)	$	91,393

Customer relationships	$	135,927	$	(86,342	)	$	49,585
Developed technology	2,893		(2,893		)	—
Other	22,298		(2,792		)	19,506
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	161,118	$	(92,027	)	$	69,091

On August 1, 2018, the Company acquired intangible assets of $34,910 with a weighted average useful life of 14.3 years as a result of the Lauren Acquisition. This consisted of $24,000 of supply agreements, $850 of license agreements and $10,060 of customer relationships. Amortization expense totaled $426 for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years is $2,600 in each of the years 2019 through 2021, $2,500 for 2022, and $2,300 for 2023.

10. Debt

A summary of outstanding debt as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Senior Notes	$	394,220		$	393,684
Term Loan	329,091			330,781
Other borrowings	40,819			33,781
Total debt	764,130			758,246
Less current portion	(36,947		)	(34,921		)
Total long-term debt	$	727,183		$	723,325

5.625% Senior Notes due 2026

In November 2016, the Company issued $400,000 aggregate principal amount of its 5.625% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes mature on November 15, 2026. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears in cash on May 15 and November 15 of each year.

Debt issuance costs related to the Senior Notes are amortized into interest expense over the term of the Senior Notes. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $5,780 and $6,316 of unamortized debt issuance costs, respectively, related to the Senior Notes, which are presented as direct deductions from the principal balance in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Term Loan Facility

Also in November 2016, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to its senior term loan facility (“Term Loan Facility”), which provides for loans in an aggregate principal amount of $340,000. Subject to certain conditions, the Term Loan Facility, without the consent of the then-existing lenders (but subject to the receipt of commitments), may be expanded (or a new term loan or revolving facility added) by an amount that will not cause the consolidated secured net debt ratio to exceed 2.25 to 1.00 plus $400,000 plus any voluntary prepayments, including the ABL Facility (as defined below) to the extent commitments are reduced, not funded from proceeds of long-term indebtedness. The Term Loan Facility matures on November 2, 2023, unless earlier terminated.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

On May 2, 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Term Loan Facility to modify the interest rate. Subsequently, on March 6, 2018, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Term Loan Facility to further modify the interest rate. In accordance with this amendment, borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either (1) with respect to Eurodollar rate loans, the greater of the applicable Eurodollar rate and 0.75% plus 2.0% per annum, or (2) with respect to base rate loans, the base rate, (which is the highest of the then current federal funds rate plus 0.5%, the prime rate most recently announced by the administrative agent under the term loan, and the one-month Eurodollar rate plus 1.0%) plus 1.0% per annum. As a result of the Amendment No. 3, the Company recognized a loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt of $770 in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was due to the partial write off of new and unamortized debt issuance costs and unamortized original issue discount.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $3,014 and $3,537 of unamortized debt issuance costs, respectively, and $1,944 and $2,281 of unamortized original issue discount, respectively, related to the Term Loan Facility, which are presented as direct deductions from the principal balance in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Both the debt issuance costs and the original issue discount are amortized into interest expense over the term of the Term Loan Facility.

ABL Facility

In November 2016, the Company entered into a $210,000 Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement of its senior asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL Facility”).

The ABL Facility provides for an aggregate revolving loan availability of up to $210,000, subject to borrowing base availability, including a $100,000 letter of credit sub-facility and a $25,000 swing line sub-facility. The ABL Facility also provides for an uncommitted $100,000 incremental loan facility, for a potential total ABL Facility of $310,000, if requested by the borrowers under the ABL Facility and the lenders agree to fund such increase. No consent of any lender is required to effect any such increase, except for those participating in the increase. As of September 30, 2018, there were no borrowings under the ABL Facility, and subject to borrowing base availability, the Company had $205,173 in availability, less outstanding letters of credit of $7,484.

Any borrowings under our ABL Facility will mature, and the commitments of the lenders under our ABL Facility will terminate, on November 2, 2021.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $1,104 and $1,373, respectively, of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the ABL Facility, which are presented in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Debt Covenants

The Company was in compliance with all covenants of the Senior Notes, Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility, as of September 30, 2018.

Other

Other borrowings reflect borrowings under capital leases and local bank lines.

11. Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based upon assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy is utilized, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:



Level 1:	Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2:	Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3:	Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Estimates of the fair value of foreign currency and interest rate derivative instruments are determined using exchange traded prices and rates. The Company also considers the risk of non-performance in the estimation of fair value, and includes an adjustment for non-performance risk in the measure of fair value of derivative instruments. In certain instances where market data is not available, the Company uses management judgment to develop assumptions that are used to determine fair value. Fair value measurements and the fair value hierarchy level for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			Input
Forward foreign exchange contracts - other current assets	$	1,054		$	761		Level 2
Forward foreign exchange contracts - accrued liabilities	(221		)	(2,363		)	Level 2
Interest rate swaps - accrued liabilities	—			(515		)	Level 2

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

In addition to items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, which are not included in the table above. As these nonrecurring fair value measurements are generally determined using unobservable inputs, these fair value measurements are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For further information on assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis see Note 3. “Acquisitions and Divestitures” and Note 8. “Property, Plant and Equipment.”

Items Not Carried at Fair Value

Fair values of the Company’s Senior Notes and Term Loan Facility were as follows:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Aggregate fair value	$	727,879	$	749,463
Aggregate carrying value ⁽¹⁾	734,050		736,600

⁽¹⁾ Excludes unamortized debt issuance costs and unamortized original issue discount.

Fair values were based on quoted market prices and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. The Company enters into derivative instruments primarily to hedge portions of its forecasted foreign currency denominated cash flows and designates these derivative instruments as cash flow hedges in order to qualify for hedge accounting. Gains or losses on derivative instruments resulting from hedge ineffectiveness are reported in earnings.

The Company formally documents its hedge relationships, including the identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the cash flow hedges. The Company also formally assesses whether a cash flow hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged item. Derivatives are recorded at fair value in other current assets, other assets, accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities. For a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and reclassified into earnings when the underlying hedged transaction is realized. The realized gains and losses are recorded on the same line as the hedged transaction in the consolidated statements of net income.

The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by its counterparties on its derivative financial instruments. The Company mitigates this credit risk exposure by entering into agreements directly with major financial institutions with high credit standards that are expected to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts.

Cash Flow Hedges

Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts - The Company uses forward contracts to mitigate the potential volatility to earnings and cash flow arising from changes in currency exchange rates that impact the Company’s foreign currency transactions. The principal currencies hedged by the Company include various European currencies, the Canadian Dollar, the Mexican Peso, and the Brazilian Real. As of September 30, 2018, the notional amount of these contracts was $45,531 and consisted of hedges of transactions up to June 2019.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Interest rate swaps - The Company has historically used interest rate swap contracts to manage cash flow variability associated with its variable rate Term Loan Facility. The interest rate swap contract, which fixes the interest payments of variable rate debt instruments, is used to manage exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. As of September 30, 2018, the interest rate swap contract reached maturity and was settled.

Pretax amounts related to the Company’s cash flow hedges that were recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) were as follows:



	Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI
	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018		2017
Forward foreign exchange contracts	$	2,253	$	(763	)	$	3,413	$	1,860
Interest rate swaps	—		22			443		(27		)
Total	$	2,253	$	(741	)	$	3,856	$	1,833

Pretax amounts related to the Company’s cash flow hedges that were reclassified from AOCI were as follows:



		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Effective Portion)						Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Ineffective Portion)
		Three Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2018			2017			2018		2017
Forward foreign exchange contracts	Cost of products sold	$	370		$	915		$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net of interest income	31			(570		)	—		107
Total		$	401		$	345		$	—	$	107

		Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Effective Portion)						Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Ineffective Portion)
		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Classification	2018			2017			2018		2017
Forward foreign exchange contracts	Cost of products sold	$	1,000		$	2,371		$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense, net of interest income	(162		)	(2,048		)	209		284
Total		$	838		$	323		$	209	$	284

12. Accounts Receivable Factoring

As a part of its working capital management, the Company previously sold certain receivables through third-party financial institutions in on- and off-balance sheet arrangements. In December 2017, the Company completed the transition from multiple factoring providers to a pan-European program under a single third-party financial institution (the “Factor”). The amount sold varies each month based on the amount of underlying receivables and cash flow needs of the Company. These are permitted transactions under the Company’s credit agreements governing the ABL Facility and Term Loan Facility and the indenture governing the Senior Notes. Costs incurred on the sale of receivables are recorded in other expense, net and interest expense, net of interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of net income. The sale of receivables under this contract is considered an off-balance sheet arrangement to the Company and is accounted for as a true sale and is excluded from accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheet.

Amounts outstanding under receivable transfer agreements entered into by various locations as of the period end were as follows:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Off-balance sheet arrangements	$	94,004	$	96,588

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Accounts receivable factored and related costs throughout the period were as follows:



	Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements								On-Balance Sheet Arrangements
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017
Accounts receivable factored	$	149,136	$	98,244	$	518,808	$	390,354	$	—	$	6,326	$	—	$	20,432
Costs	348		452		1,065		1,517		—		29		—		74

The Company continues to service sold receivables and acts as collection agent for the Factor. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash collections on behalf of the Factor that have yet to be remitted were $19,892 and $36,248, respectively, and are reflected in cash and cash equivalents in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

13. Pension and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions

The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost for the Company’s defined benefit plans and other postretirement benefit plans were as follows:



	Pension Benefits
	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018						2017
	U.S.			Non-U.S.			U.S.			Non-U.S.
Service cost	$	213		$	1,039		$	204		$	1,018
Interest cost	2,706			1,031			2,925			1,140
Expected return on plan assets	(4,355		)	(625		)	(4,003		)	(694		)
Amortization of prior service cost and actuarial loss	601			652			468			760
Settlement	—			—			—			5,717
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	$	(835	)	$	2,097		$	(406	)	$	7,941

	Pension Benefits
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018						2017
	U.S.			Non-U.S.			U.S.			Non-U.S.
Service cost	$	639		$	3,200		$	612		$	2,926
Interest cost	8,118			3,151			8,775			3,268
Expected return on plan assets	(13,063		)	(1,890		)	(12,009		)	(2,001		)
Amortization of prior service cost and actuarial loss	1,803			2,008			1,404			2,171
Settlement	—			—			—			5,717
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	$	(2,503	)	$	6,469		$	(1,218	)	$	12,081

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)



	Other Postretirement Benefits
	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018					2017
	U.S.			Non-U.S.		U.S.			Non-U.S.
Service cost	$	77		$	123	$	79		$	110
Interest cost	299			195		324			179
Amortization of prior service credit and actuarial gain	(418		)	77		(479		)	(4		)
Other	2			—		1			—
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	$	(40	)	$	395	$	(75	)	$	285

	Other Postretirement Benefits
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018					2017
	U.S.			Non-U.S.		U.S.			Non-U.S.
Service cost	$	231		$	373	$	237		$	316
Interest cost	899			591		972			516
Amortization of prior service credit and actuarial gain	(1,254		)	231		(1,437		)	(12		)
Other	4			—		3			—
Net periodic benefit (income) cost	$	(120	)	$	1,195	$	(225	)	$	820

The Company adopted ASU 2017-07 during the first quarter of 2018. As a result, the service cost component of net periodic benefit (income) cost is included in cost of products sold and selling, administrative and engineering expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of net income. All other components of net periodic benefit (income) cost are included in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of net income for all periods presented.

Contributions

The Company made a discretionary contribution of $15,000 to its U.S. pension plan in the three months ended September 30, 2018.

14. Other Expense, Net

The components of other expense, net were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Foreign currency losses	$	(1,184	)	$	(1,455	)	$	(2,893	)	$	(4,033	)
Components of net periodic benefit cost other than service cost	(165		)	(6,334		)	(598		)	(7,367		)
Losses on sales of receivables	(348		)	(221		)	(1,065		)	(781		)
Miscellaneous income	—			1,225			583			1,538
Other expense, net	$	(1,697	)	$	(6,785	)	$	(3,973	)	$	(10,643	)

15. Income Taxes

The Company determines its effective tax rate each quarter based upon its estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company records the tax impact of certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Income tax expense, income before income taxes and the corresponding effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	(1,190	)	$	7,838		$	19,831		$	40,258
Income before income taxes	31,474			33,296			153,113			149,870
Effective tax rate	(4		)%	24		%	13		%	27		%

The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was lower primarily due to the lower U.S. statutory rate and benefits recorded from adjustments to provisional amounts recorded as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 varies from statutory rates primarily due to adjustments to provisional amounts recorded as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, tax credits, the impact of income taxes on foreign earnings taxed at rates varying from the U.S. statutory rate, the inability to record a tax benefit for pre-tax losses in certain foreign jurisdictions to the extent not offset by other categories of income, income tax incentives, excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation and other permanent items. Further, the Company’s current and future provision for income taxes may be impacted by the recognition of valuation allowances in certain countries. The Company intends to maintain these valuation allowances until it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted into law. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% and requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously deferred. Additional changes potentially impacting the Company include limitations on the deductibility of executive compensation and new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 allows the Company to record provisional amounts and reflect changes to such amounts through income tax expense during the one-year measurement period following enactment. All amounts recorded by the Company for the impact of the Act have been recorded provisionally beginning in the period ended December 31, 2017. As discussed further below, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized benefits of $7,070 to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017 and included these adjustments as a component of income tax expense from continuing operations. In all cases, the Company will continue to make and refine its calculations as additional analysis is completed. The Company’s estimates may also be affected as future guidance is issued. These changes could be material to income tax expense.

The Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21%, and recorded a benefit of $2,875 for the U.S. federal tax rate change in the period ending December 31, 2017. Upon further analysis of certain aspects of the Act and refinement of the Company’s calculations, the Company adjusted its provisional amount by recording a benefit of $3,062 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, which is included as a component of income tax expense from continuing operations. The Company continues to analyze and refine its calculations related to the remeasurement of these balances and consider the amounts provisional while completing its analysis during the one-year measurement period following enactment. In addition, the Company early adopted ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which permits entities to reclassify the tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of the Act to retained earnings. The adoption resulted in the reclassification of $8,639 from accumulated other comprehensive loss to retained earnings.

A one-time transition tax based on the Company’s total post-1986 earnings and profits (E&P) which it had deferred from U.S. income taxes under previous U.S. law was recorded on a provisional basis in the amount of $32,533 in the period ended December 31, 2017. Upon further analysis of certain aspects of the Act and refinement of the Company’s calculations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a benefit decreasing the provisional amount by $4,008, which is included as a component of income tax expense from continuing operations. The Company continues to analyze and refine its calculations related to the remeasurement of these balances and consider the amounts provisional while completing its analysis during the one-year measurement period following enactment.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company made its best estimate of the annual effective tax rate (“EAETR”) for the full year of 2018. The Company continues to examine the potential impact of certain provisions of the Act that could affect its 2018 EAETR, including the provisions related to global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”), foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”) and the base erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”). Accordingly, the Company’s 2018 tax expense could be impacted

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

as additional analysis is completed. The Company has elected to recognize the resulting tax on GILTI as a period expense in the period the tax is incurred and expects to incur tax for the year ended December 31, 2018.

16. Net Income Per Share Attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.

Basic net income per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. was computed by dividing net income attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. was computed using the treasury stock method by dividing diluted net income available to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, including the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, using the average share price during the period.

Information used to compute basic and diluted net income per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net income attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.	$	32,156	$	24,640	$	130,825	$	106,802
Diluted net income available to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. common stockholders	$	32,156	$	24,640	$	130,825	$	106,802

Basic weighted average shares of common stock outstanding	17,828,358		17,703,660		17,939,544		17,769,808
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents	380,810		976,858		409,072		1,068,479
Diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding	18,209,168		18,680,518		18,348,616		18,838,287

Basic net income per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.	$	1.80	$	1.39	$	7.29	$	6.01

Diluted net income per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.	$	1.77	$	1.32	$	7.13	$	5.67

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of related tax, were as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018				2017				2018				2017
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Balance at beginning of period	$	(120,386	)		$	(119,405	)		$	(95,485	)		$	(143,481	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(14,623		)	⁽¹⁾	16,047			⁽¹⁾	(39,524		)	⁽¹⁾	40,123			⁽¹⁾
Balance at end of period	$	(135,009	)		$	(103,358	)		$	(135,009	)		$	(103,358	)
Benefit plan liabilities
Balance at beginning of period	$	(105,060	)		$	(100,340	)		$	(100,749	)		$	(97,612	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(6		)	⁽²⁾	(1,714		)	⁽²⁾	1,784			⁽²⁾	(5,428		)	⁽²⁾
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	662			⁽³⁾	5,677			⁽⁴⁾	(5,439		)	⁽⁵⁾	6,663			⁽⁶⁾
Balance at end of period	$	(104,404	)		$	(96,377	)		$	(104,404	)		$	(96,377	)
Fair value change of derivatives
Balance at beginning of period	$	(1,077	)		$	113			$	(1,397	)		$	(1,470	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	1,736			⁽⁷⁾	(619		)	⁽⁷⁾	2,638			⁽⁷⁾	1,242			⁽⁷⁾
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(255		)	⁽⁸⁾	(347		)	⁽⁸⁾	(837		)	⁽⁸⁾	(625		)	⁽⁸⁾
Balance at end of period	$	404			$	(853	)		$	404			$	(853	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), ending balance	$	(239,009	)		$	(200,588	)		$	(239,009	)		$	(200,588	)


(1)	Includes other comprehensive income (loss) related to intra-entity foreign currency balances that are of a long-term investment nature of $(473) and $4,314 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $(10,713) and $10,484 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


(2)	Net of tax expense (benefit) of $(97) and $(130) for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $8,628 and $(189) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


(3)	Includes actuarial losses of $995, offset by prior service credits of $85, net of tax of $248. See Note 13.


(4)	Includes losses related to the U.K. pension settlement of $6,288, actuarial losses of $901, offset by prior service credits of $84, net of tax of $1,428. See Note 13.


(5)	Includes the effect of the adoption of ASU 2018-02 of $8,569 and the amortization of prior service credits of $244, offset by curtailment loss of $1,123 and the amortization of actuarial losses of $2,981, net of tax of $730. See Note 13.


(6)	Includes losses related to the U.K. pension settlement of $6,288, actuarial losses of $2,443, offset by prior service credits of $248, net of tax of $1,820. See Note 13.


(7)	Net of tax expense (benefit) of $517 and $(122) for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1,218 and $591 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. See Note 11.


(8)	Net of tax expense (benefit) of $146 and $105 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $280 and $(18) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Includes the effect of the adoption of ASU 2018-02 of $70 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. See Note 11.

18. Common Stock

Share Repurchase Program

In June 2018, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR") agreement with a third-party financial institution to repurchase the Company's common stock. Under the ASR agreement, the Company made an up-front payment of $35,000 and received an initial delivery of 207,193 shares in the second quarter of 2018. The repurchase was completed in the third quarter of 2018 when the Company received an additional 51,092 shares. A total of 258,285 shares were repurchased at a weighted average purchase price of $135.51 per share during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 under the ASR agreement.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

In addition to the repurchase under the ASR agreement, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company repurchased 69,503 shares of its common stock at an average purchase price of $122.64 per share, excluding commissions, for a total cost of $8,524.

Also in June 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new common stock repurchase program (the “2018 Program”) authorizing the Company to repurchase, in the aggregate, up to $150,000 of its outstanding common stock. Under the 2018 Program, repurchases may be made on the open market, through private transactions, accelerated share repurchases, round lot or block transactions on the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise, as determined by the Company’s management and in accordance with prevailing market conditions and federal securities laws and regulations. The 2018 Program, which is effective in November 2018, replaces the prior $125,000 authorization to repurchase shares approved by the board in March 2016 (the “2016 Program”). As of September 30, 2018, the Company had approximately $1,700 of repurchase authorization remaining under the 2016 Program.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company repurchased 306,072 shares at an average purchase price of $102.76 per share, excluding commissions, for a total cost of $31,452, of which $30,680 was settled in cash during the quarter.

19. Share-Based Compensation

The Company’s long-term incentive plans allow for the grant of various types of share-based awards to key employees and directors of the Company and its affiliates. The Company generally awards grants on an annual basis.

In February 2018, the Company granted Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), Performance Units (“PUs”) and stock options. The RSUs cliff vest after three years, the PUs cliff vest at the end of their three-year performance period, and the stock options vest ratably over three years. The number of PUs that will vest depends on the Company’s achievement of target performance goals related to the Company’s return on invested capital (“ROIC”), which may range from 0% to 200% of the target award amount. The grant-date fair value of the RSUs and PUs was determined using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The grant-date fair value of the stock options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company paid $13,279 and $4,296 of cash to settle PUs that vested in February 2018 and February 2017, respectively.

Share-based compensation expense was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
PUs	$	506	$	4,327	$	3,885	$	9,171
RSUs	2,467		2,052		7,776		6,896
Stock options	802		933		2,456		2,939
Total	$	3,775	$	7,312	$	14,117	$	19,006

20. Related Party Transactions

A summary of the material related party transactions with affiliates accounted for under the equity method was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Sales⁽¹⁾	$	7,222	$	8,288	$	23,302	$	26,124
Purchases⁽¹⁾	204		186		614		580
Dividends received⁽²⁾	239		—		4,747		5,382

⁽¹⁾ Relates to transactions with Nishikawa Cooper LLC (“NISCO”)

⁽²⁾ From NISCO and Nishikawa Tachaplalert Cooper Ltd. inclusive of any gross up of dividend related to withholding tax

Amounts receivable from NISCO and Sujan Cooper Standard AVS Private Limited as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $6,547 and $3,109, respectively.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

21. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is periodically involved in claims, litigation and various legal matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues for litigation exposure when it is probable that future costs will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Any resulting adjustments, which could be material, are recorded in the period the adjustments are identified. As of September 30, 2018, the Company does not believe that there is a reasonable possibility that any material loss exceeding the amounts already recognized for claims, litigation and various legal matters, if any, has been incurred. However, the ultimate resolutions of these proceedings and matters are inherently unpredictable. As such, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected in any particular period by the unfavorable resolution of one or more of these proceedings or matters.

In addition, the Company conducts and monitors environmental investigations and remedial actions at certain locations. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the undiscounted reserve for environmental investigation and remediation was approximately $6,359 and $7,363, respectively. The Company does not believe that the environmental liabilities associated with its current and former properties will have a material adverse impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows; however, no assurances can be given in this regard.

22. Segment Reporting

The Company has determined that it operates in four reportable segments: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and South America. The Company’s principal products within each of these segments are sealing, fuel and brake delivery, fluid transfer, and anti-vibration systems. The Company evaluates segment performance based on segment profit before tax. The results of each segment include certain allocations for general, administrative, interest, and other shared costs.

Certain financial information on the Company’s reportable segments was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Sales to external customers
North America	$	471,553		$	437,406		$	1,448,339		$	1,403,270
Europe	228,332			254,399			799,857			776,346
Asia Pacific	136,155			148,493			433,324			421,926
South America	25,613			28,718			75,786			78,670
Consolidated	$	861,653		$	869,016		$	2,757,306		$	2,680,212

Intersegment sales
North America	$	3,437		$	3,285		$	11,056		$	10,108
Europe	4,363			3,861			11,780			11,188
Asia Pacific	1,307			1,566			4,301			3,876
South America	17			2			72			11
Eliminations	(9,124		)	(8,714		)	(27,209		)	(25,183		)
Consolidated	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Income before income taxes
North America	$	48,930		$	44,214		$	173,282		$	170,971
Europe	(3,205		)	(9,024		)	(6,033		)	(20,633		)
Asia Pacific	(11,644		)	3,050			(6,633		)	11,036
South America	(2,607		)	(4,944		)	(7,503		)	(11,504		)
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	31,474		$	33,296		$	153,113		$	149,870

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Segment assets
North America	$	1,161,902	$	1,049,218
Europe	601,705		644,586
Asia Pacific	626,952		686,329
South America	52,396		54,846
Eliminations and other	216,969		290,669
Consolidated	$	2,659,924	$	2,725,648

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is intended to assist in understanding and assessing the trends and significant changes in our results of operations and financial condition. Our historical results may not indicate, and should not be relied upon as an indication of, our future performance. Our forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events, are based on assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” below for a discussion of risks associated with reliance on forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause differences between actual results and those contemplated by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“2017 Annual Report”) see Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” The following should be read in conjunction with our 2017 Annual Report and the other information included herein. Our discussion of trends and conditions supplements and updates such discussion included in our 2017 Annual Report. References in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) to “we,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries.

Executive Overview

Our Business

We design, manufacture and sell sealing, fuel and brake delivery, fluid transfer, and anti-vibration systems for use in passenger vehicles and light trucks manufactured by global automotive original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and replacement markets. We operate our business along four segments: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and South America. We are primarily a “Tier 1” supplier, with approximately 85% of our sales in 2017 made directly to major OEMs.

Subsequent to the end of the Company's third quarter, on November 2, 2018, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to divest the anti-vibration systems product line.

Recent Trends and Conditions

General Economic Conditions and Outlook

The global automotive industry is susceptible to uncertain economic conditions that could adversely impact new vehicle demand. Business conditions may vary significantly from period to period or region to region.

In North America, the U.S. economy has continued its momentum as a result of recent tax changes and decreased regulation on business and industry. However, geo-political uncertainty remains heightened due to ongoing trade tension between the U.S. and certain key trading partners and the pending implementation of the recently signed USMCA trade agreement between the United States, Mexico and Canada. The mix of vehicles produced continues to shift away from passenger cars into sport utility vehicles, crossover utility vehicles and light trucks. For the full year, growth in the sport utility, crossover and light truck categories is expected to mostly offset reduced passenger car production. Total light vehicle units produced in 2018 are expected to be down only slightly compared with 2017 levels.

In Europe, economic conditions remain generally strong with some regional variation and country specific exceptions. Overall, economic growth is expected to continue in the remainder of 2018, albeit at a somewhat slower pace than 2017 or the first three quarters of 2018. Improvements in Central European labor markets continue to drive improved consumer confidence and increased consumer spending. As a result, demand for light vehicles is increasing modestly. However, similar to North America, potential economic uncertainty related to international trade relations as well as the impact of Great Britain’s potential exit from the European Union could weigh on consumer confidence and economic growth going forward. Additionally, the implementation of new testing protocols for carbon emissions (WLTP) have had wide disruptive effects on light vehicle production, especially in Western Europe. This disruption is expected to continue through the remainder of 2018.

The Chinese economy started the year strong with robust infrastructure investment and strong retail growth. However, trade tensions between China and the United States have escalated, with multiple rounds of incremental tariffs having been imposed, creating the potential for further economic market disruption and decreased demand for western vehicle brands. Consumer preferences and an expanding middle class in China continue to drive crossover utility vehicle demand higher, while demand for passenger cars is expected to be down slightly year over year.

In Brazil, business and consumer confidence fell during the third quarter amid an uncertain political backdrop, rising inflation and the devaluation of the Real. Export demand for Brazilian-made vehicles has declined due largely to the deteriorating economic conditions in neighboring Argentina. Domestic demand for light vehicles has remained stable, however,

as the banking sector has eased and expanded credit availability for automotive purchases. Due to a long history of economic and political volatility, we remain cautious about consumer confidence and vehicle demand in this region.

Our business is susceptible to inflationary pressures with respect to raw materials which may place operational and profitability burdens on the entire supply chain. Costs related to raw materials, such as steel, aluminum, and oil and oil-derived commodities, continue to be volatile. In addition, we expect commodity cost volatility to have a continual impact on future earnings and operating cash flows. As such, on an ongoing basis we work with our customers and suppliers to mitigate both inflationary pressures and our material-related cost exposures.

The current domestic and international political environment, including existing and potential changes to U.S. policies related to global trade and tariffs, have resulted in uncertainty surrounding the future state of the global economy. We continue to monitor the potential impacts of previously-announced tariffs, however we anticipate these and other tariffs to negatively impact material costs.

Production Levels

Our business is directly affected by the automotive vehicle production rates in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and South America. New vehicle demand is driven by macroeconomics, including global trade relations, and other factors such as interest rates, manufacturer and dealer sales incentives, fuel prices, consumer confidence, employment levels, income growth trends and government and tax incentives. The industry could face uncertainties that may adversely impact consumer demand for vehicles as well as the future production environment.

In North America, third quarter total light vehicle production increased slightly compared to the same period a year ago. In the first nine months of the year, production was down slightly. Production of passenger cars declined while production of light trucks, sport utility vehicles and crossover vehicles increased, driven by consumer demand and preferences. We expect similar patterns to continue in the region throughout 2018. European light vehicle production was down in the third quarter compared to the same period last year, but up slightly through the first nine months of 2018. We expect production levels in Europe to be essentially flat for the full year. In the Asia Pacific region, light vehicle production decreased slightly in the third quarter but showed a slight increase through the first nine months of 2018. We expect slight year-over-year growth in the region for the full year, despite slowing growth in China.

Light vehicle production in certain regions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was:



	Three Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions of units)	2018⁽¹⁾	2017⁽¹⁾	% Change	2018⁽¹⁾	2017⁽¹⁾	% Change
North America	4.0	4.0	2.0%	12.8	13.0	(1.3)%
Europe	4.7	4.9	(5.1)%	16.6	16.5	0.2%
Asia Pacific⁽²⁾	11.8	12.1	(2.1)%	36.5	36.1	1.2%
South America	0.9	0.9	2.2%	2.6	2.4	7.4%


(1)	Production data based on IHS Automotive, October 2018.


(2)	Includes Greater China units of 6.3 million and 6.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 19.9 million and 19.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Results of Operations



	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			Change			2018			2017			Change
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Sales	$	861,653		$	869,016		$	(7,363	)	$	2,757,306		$	2,680,212		$	77,094
Cost of products sold	741,998			718,207			23,791			2,315,406			2,187,213			128,193
Gross profit	119,655			150,809			(31,154		)	441,900			492,999			(51,099		)
Selling, administration & engineering expenses	82,134			87,791			(5,657		)	238,913			260,360			(21,447		)
Amortization of intangibles	3,791			3,432			359			10,596			10,563			33
Gain on sale of land	(10,714		)	—			(10,714		)	(10,714		)	—			(10,714		)
Impairment charges	—			—			—			—			4,270			(4,270		)
Restructuring charges	2,703			9,909			(7,206		)	19,841			28,220			(8,379		)
Operating profit	41,741			49,677			(7,936		)	183,264			189,586			(6,322		)
Interest expense, net of interest income	(9,983		)	(10,256		)	273			(29,756		)	(31,788		)	2,032
Equity in earnings of affiliates	1,413			660			753			4,348			3,735			613
Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt	—			—			—			(770		)	(1,020		)	250
Other expense, net	(1,697		)	(6,785		)	5,088			(3,973		)	(10,643		)	6,670
Income before income taxes	31,474			33,296			(1,822		)	153,113			149,870			3,243
Income tax expense (benefit)	(1,190		)	7,838			(9,028		)	19,831			40,258			(20,427		)
Net income	32,664			25,458			7,206			133,282			109,612			23,670
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(508		)	(818		)	310			(2,457		)	(2,810		)	353
Net income attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.	$	32,156		$	24,640		$	7,516		$	130,825		$	106,802		$	24,023

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Sales

Sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 0.8%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017.



	Three Months Ended September 30,							Variance Due To:
	2018		2017		Change			Volume / Mix*			Foreign Exchange			Other**
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Total sales	$	861,653	$	869,016	$	(7,363	)	$	(6,460	)	$	(17,084	)	$	16,181

* Net of customer price reductions

** Other includes the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures

Gross Profit



	Three Months Ended September 30,									Variance Due To:
	2018			2017			Change			Volume / Mix*			Foreign Exchange			Cost Increases / (Decreases)
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Cost of products sold	$	741,998		$	718,207		$	23,791		$	18,630		$	(14,966	)	$	20,127
Gross profit	119,655			150,809			(31,154		)	(25,090		)	(2,118		)	(3,946		)
Gross profit percentage of sales	13.9		%	17.4		%

* Net of customer price reductions

Cost of products sold is primarily comprised of material, labor, manufacturing overhead, freight, depreciation, warranty costs and other direct operating expenses. The Company’s material cost of products sold was approximately 51% and 50% of total cost of products sold for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The most significant driver of the increase in cost of products sold was material cost pressure and wage inflation, partially offset by $10.4 million of net operating efficiencies.

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 20.7% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease is due to volume and mix including customer price reductions, inflation, material cost pressure and $2.1 million of foreign exchange, partially offset by $10.4 million of net operating efficiencies.

Selling, Administration and Engineering Expense. Selling, administration and engineering expense includes administrative expenses as well as product engineering and design and development costs. Sales, administration and engineering expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was 9.5% of sales compared to 10.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease is due to lower compensation-related costs and efficiencies related to cost improvement initiatives.

Restructuring. Restructuring charges for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $7.2 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily driven by lower restructuring charges attributed to Europe, North America and Asia Pacific.

Interest Expense, Net. Net interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $0.3 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to the repricing of the Term Loan Facility.

Other Expense, Net. Other expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $5.1 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to lower components of net periodic benefit cost other than service cost.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $1.2 million on earnings before income taxes of $31.5 million. This compares to income tax expense of $7.8 million on earnings before income taxes of $33.3 million for the same period of 2017. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017 was lower primarily due to the lower U.S. statutory rate and benefits recorded from adjustments to provisional amounts recorded as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the three months ended September

30, 2018. The income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 varied from statutory rates primarily due to adjustments to provisional amounts recorded as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, tax credits, the impact of income taxes on foreign earnings taxed at rates varying from the U.S. statutory rate, the inability to record a tax benefit for pre-tax losses in certain foreign jurisdictions to the extent not offset by other categories of income, income tax incentives, excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation and other permanent items.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Sales

Sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased 2.9%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.



	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Variance Due To:
	2018		2017		Change		Volume / Mix*		Foreign Exchange		Other**
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Total sales	$	2,757,306	$	2,680,212	$	77,094	$	7,480	$	64,713	$	4,901

* Net of customer price reductions

** Other includes the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures.

Gross Profit



	Nine Months Ended September 30,									Variance Due To:
	2018			2017			Change			Volume / Mix*			Foreign Exchange		Cost Increases / (Decreases)
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Cost of products sold	$	2,315,406		$	2,187,213		$	128,193		$	81,760		$	54,153	$	(7,720	)
Gross profit	441,900			492,999			(51,099		)	(74,280		)	10,560		12,621
Gross profit percentage of sales	16.0		%	18.4		%

* Net of customer price reductions

Cost of products sold is primarily comprised of material, labor, manufacturing overhead, freight, depreciation, warranty costs and other direct operating expenses. The Company’s material cost of products sold was approximately 51% of total cost of products sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The most significant driver of the increase in cost of products sold was material cost pressure and wage inflation, partially offset by $57.4 million of net operating efficiencies.

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased 10.4% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease is due to volume and mix including customer price reductions, inflation and material cost pressure, partially offset by $57.4 million of net operating efficiencies and $10.6 million of foreign exchange.

Selling, Administration and Engineering Expense. Selling, administration and engineering expense includes administrative expenses as well as product engineering and design and development costs. Sales, administration and engineering expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was 8.7% of sales compared to 9.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. This decrease is due to lower compensation-related costs and efficiencies related to cost improvement initiatives.

Restructuring. Restructuring charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $8.4 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily driven by lower restructuring expenses related to our European and Asia Pacific initiatives, partially offset by higher restructuring charges attributed to North America.

Interest Expense, Net. Net interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $2.0 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to the repricing of the Term Loan Facility.

Loss on Refinancing and Extinguishment of Debt. Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 resulted from expensing debt issuance costs and unamortized original issue discount associated with our amended Term Loan Facility.

Other Expense, Net. Other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased $6.7 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to lower components of net periodic benefit cost other than service cost and lower foreign currency losses.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $19.8 million on earnings before income taxes of $153.1 million. This compares to income tax expense of $40.3 million on earnings before income taxes of $149.9 million for the same period of 2017. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was lower primarily due to the lower U.S. statutory rate and benefits recorded from adjustments to provisional amounts recorded as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 varied from statutory rates primarily due to adjustments to provisional amounts recorded as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, tax credits, the impact of income taxes on foreign earnings taxed at rates varying from the U.S. statutory rate, the inability to record a tax benefit for pre-tax losses in certain foreign jurisdictions to the extent not offset by other categories of income, income tax incentives, excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation and other permanent items.

Segment Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Sales



	Three Months Ended September 30,							Variance Due To:
	2018		2017		Change			Volume / Mix^*			Foreign Exchange			Other
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Sales to external customers
North America	$	471,553	$	437,406	$	34,147		$	20,184		$	(2,946	)	$	16,909
Europe	228,332		254,399		(26,067		)	(18,015		)	(3,529		)	(4,523		)
Asia Pacific	136,155		148,493		(12,338		)	(11,881		)	(4,252		)	3,795
South America	25,613		28,718		(3,105		)	3,252			(6,357		)	—
Consolidated	$	861,653	$	869,016	$	(7,363	)	$	(6,460	)	$	(17,084	)	$	16,181

^* Net of customer price reductions


•	The impact of foreign currency exchange primarily relates to the Brazilian Real, Chinese Renminbi, Euro, and the Canadian Dollar.


•	Other includes the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures.

Segment profit (loss)



	Three Months Ended September 30,									Variance Due To:
	2018			2017			Change			Volume / Mix^*			Foreign Exchange			Cost (Increases) / Decreases			Other
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Income before income taxes
North America	$	48,930		$	44,214		$	4,716		$	2,027		$	(82	)	$	(41	)	$	2,812
Europe	(3,205		)	(9,024		)	5,819			(15,720		)	(1,738		)	2,238			21,039
Asia Pacific	(11,644		)	3,050			(14,694		)	(12,954		)	(200		)	(2,019		)	479
South America	(2,607		)	(4,944		)	2,337			1,557			(1,604		)	(810		)	3,194
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	31,474		$	33,296		$	(1,822	)	$	(25,090	)	$	(3,624	)	$	(632	)	$	27,524

^*Net of customer price reductions


•	The impact of foreign currency exchange is primarily driven by the Brazilian Real, Chinese Renminbi and Euro.


•	The Cost (Increases) / Decreases category above includes:


◦	The increase in material cost pressure and wage inflation;


◦	Net operational efficiencies of $10.4 million primarily driven by our North America and Europe segment;


◦	The decrease in selling, administrative and engineering expense, due to lower compensation-related costs and efficiencies related to cost improvement initiatives; and


•	The Other category above includes changes in the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures, restructuring expense and non-recurring items, including:

The gain of $10.7 million related to the sale of land in our Europe segment;


◦	The non-recurrence of the prior period settlement charges of $5.9 million in our Europe segment and the foreign tax amnesty program expense of $3.1 million in our South America segment; and


◦	The $7.2 million decrease in restructuring expenses primarily related to our North America, Europe and Asia Pacific segments.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Sales



	Nine Months Ended September 30,							Variance Due To:
	2018		2017		Change			Volume / Mix^*			Foreign Exchange			Other
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Sales to external customers
North America	$	1,448,339	$	1,403,270	$	45,069		$	31,327		$	2,397		$	11,345
Europe	799,857		776,346		23,511			(16,669		)	57,665			(17,485		)
Asia Pacific	433,324		421,926		11,398			(14,320		)	14,677			11,041
South America	75,786		78,670		(2,884		)	7,142			(10,026		)	—
Consolidated	$	2,757,306	$	2,680,212	$	77,094		$	7,480		$	64,713		$	4,901

^* Net of customer price reductions


•	The impact of foreign currency exchange primarily relates to the Euro and the Chinese Renminbi.


•	Other includes the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures.

Segment profit (loss)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,									Variance Due To:
	2018			2017			Change			Volume / Mix*			Foreign Exchange			Cost (Increases) / Decreases		Other
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Income before income taxes
North America	$	173,282		$	170,971		$	2,311		$	(20,437	)	$	(559	)	$	21,868	$	1,439
Europe	(6,033		)	(20,633		)	14,600			(31,596		)	3,673			14,051		28,472
Asia Pacific	(6,633		)	11,036			(17,669		)	(25,155		)	1,710			3,515		2,261
South America	(7,503		)	(11,504		)	4,001			2,908			(2,935		)	779		3,249
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	153,113		$	149,870		$	3,243		$	(74,280	)	$	1,889		$	40,213	$	35,421

^*Net of customer price reductions


•	The favorable impact of foreign currency exchange impact is primarily driven by the Euro and Chinese Renminbi, partially offset by the Polish Zloty, the Czech Koruna, and Brazilian Real.


•	The Cost (Increases) / Decreases category above includes:


◦	Net operational efficiencies of $57.4 million primarily driven by our North America and Europe segments;


◦	The decrease in selling, administrative and engineering expense due to lower compensation-related costs and efficiencies related to cost improvement initiatives; and


◦	The increase in wage inflation and the increase in material cost pressure.


•	The Other category above includes changes in the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures, restructuring expense, and non-recurring items, including:


◦	The non-recurrence of the prior period settlement charges of $5.9 million and impairment charges of $4.3 million in our Europe segment, and the foreign tax amnesty program expense of $3.1 million in our South America segment;


◦	The gain of $10.7 million related to the sale of land in our Europe segment; and


◦	The $8.4 million decrease in restructuring expenses related to our Europe and Asia Pacific segments, partially offset by higher restructuring charges in our North America segment.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Short and Long-Term Liquidity Considerations and Risks

We intend to fund our ongoing working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and other funding requirements through a combination of cash flows from operations, cash on hand, borrowings under our senior asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL Facility”) and receivables factoring. The Company utilizes intercompany loans and equity contributions to fund its worldwide operations. There may be country-specific regulations which may restrict or result in increased costs in the repatriation of these funds. See Note 10. “Debt” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Report for additional information.

Based on our current and anticipated levels of operations and the condition in our markets and industry, we believe that our cash flows from operations, cash on hand, borrowings under our ABL Facility and receivables factoring will enable us to meet our ongoing working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and other funding requirements for the next twelve months. However, our ability to fund our working capital needs, debt payments and other obligations, and to comply with the financial covenants, including borrowing base limitations, under our ABL Facility, depend on our future operating performance and cash flow and many factors outside of our control, including the costs of raw materials, the state of the overall automotive industry and financial and economic conditions and other factors.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operations was $78.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to net cash provided by operations of $105.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The lower inflow was primarily due to changes in other accrued liabilities, including our discretionary pension contribution, partially offset by higher utilization of the accounts receivable factoring program.

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $250.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $136.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Cash used in investing activities consisted primarily of capital spending of $160.1 million and $137.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as well as cash paid for the acquisition of businesses, which consisted primarily of $92.7 million for the Lauren acquisition and $3.9 million for the AMI China acquisition. We anticipate that we will spend approximately $215 million to $225 million on capital expenditures in 2018.

Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities totaled $57.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $52.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily due to the higher share repurchase activity and the purchase of a noncontrolling interest, partially offset by lower principal payments on long-term debt.

Share Repurchase Program

In June 2018, our Board of Directors approved a new common stock repurchase program (the “2018 Program”) authorizing us to repurchase, in the aggregate, up to $150 million of our outstanding common stock. Under the Program, repurchases may be made on the open market, through private transactions, accelerated share repurchases, round lot or block transactions on the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise, as determined by our management and in accordance with prevailing market conditions and federal securities laws and regulations. The 2018 Program, which is effective in November 2018, replaces the prior $125 million authorization to repurchase shares approved by the board in March 2016 (the “2016 Program”).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we utilized $43.5 million of cash on hand to repurchase 327,788 shares of common stock, a portion of which was completed under an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR") program entered in June 2018. As of September 30, 2018, we had approximately $1.7 million of repurchase authorization remaining under the 2016 Program.

We expect to fund any future repurchases from cash on hand and future cash flows from operations. The specific timing and amount of repurchase will vary based on market and business conditions and other factors. We are not obligated to repurchase any number of shares or dollar amount under either program, and the programs may be discontinued at any time at our discretion.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In evaluating our business, management considers EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to be key indicators of our operating performance. Our management also uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:


•	because similar measures are utilized in the calculation of the financial covenants and ratios contained in our financing arrangements;


•	in developing our internal budgets and forecasts;


•	as a significant factor in evaluating our management for compensation purposes;


•	in evaluating potential acquisitions;


•	in comparing our current operating results with corresponding historical periods and with the operational performance of other companies in our industry; and


•	in presentations to the members of our board of directors to enable our board of directors to have the same measurement basis of operating performance as is used by management in their assessments of performance and in forecasting and budgeting for our company.

In addition, we believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and similar measures are widely used by investors, securities analysts and other interested parties in evaluating our performance. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus income tax expense (benefit), interest expense, net of interest income, depreciation and amortization or EBITDA, as adjusted for items that management does not consider to be reflective of our core operating performance. These adjustments include, but are not limited to, restructuring costs, impairment charges, non-cash fair value adjustments and acquisition-related costs.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measurements recognized under U.S. GAAP, and when analyzing our operating performance, investors should use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as a supplement to, and not as alternatives for, net income (loss), operating income, or any other performance measure derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools, and they should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results of operations as reported under U.S. GAAP. These limitations include:


•	they do not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditure or contractual commitments;


•	they do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;


•	they do not reflect interest expense or cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments under our ABL Facility, Term Loan Facility and Senior Notes;


•	they do not reflect certain tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us;


•	although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated or amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect cash requirements for such replacements; and


•	other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate these measures differently and, as the number of differences in the way companies calculate these measures increases, the degree of their usefulness as a comparative measure correspondingly decreases.

In addition, in evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, it should be noted that in the future, we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments in the below presentation. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by special items.

The following table provides a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from net income, which is the most comparable financial measure in accordance with U.S. GAAP:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017
	(dollar amounts in thousands)
Net income attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.	$	32,156		$	24,640	$	130,825		$	106,802
Income tax expense (benefit)	(1,190		)	7,838		19,831			40,258
Interest expense, net of interest income	9,983			10,256		29,756			31,788
Depreciation and amortization	36,098			34,368		109,271			99,413
EBITDA	$	77,047		$	77,102	$	289,683		$	278,261
Gain on sale of land ⁽¹⁾	(10,714		)	—		(10,714		)	—
Restructuring charges	2,703			9,909		19,841			28,220
Amortization of inventory write-up ⁽²⁾	535			—		535			—
Settlement charges ⁽³⁾	—			5,902		—			5,902
Foreign tax amnesty program ⁽⁴⁾	—			3,121		—			3,121
Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt ⁽⁵⁾	—			—		770			1,020
Impairment charges ⁽⁶⁾	—			—		—			4,270
Adjusted EBITDA	$	69,571		$	96,034	$	300,115		$	320,794


(1)	Gain on sale of land in Europe that was contemplated in conjunction with our restructuring plan. See Note 6. “Restructuring.”


(2)	Amortization of write-up of inventory to fair value for the Lauren acquisition.


(3)	Non-cash settlement charges of $5.7 million and administrative fees of $0.2 million relating to U.K. pension plan.


(4)	Relates to indirect taxes recorded in cost of products sold.


(5)	Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt related to the applicable amendment of the Term Loan Facility entered into during such period.


(6)	Non-cash impairment charges related to fixed assets.

Contingencies and Environmental Matters

The information concerning contingencies, including environmental contingencies and the amount currently held in reserve for environmental matters, contained in Note 21. “Commitments and Contingencies” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report, is incorporated herein by reference.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1. “Overview” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.

Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws, and we intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbor created thereby. Our use of words “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “forecast,” or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” or “may,” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon our current expectations and various assumptions. Our expectations, beliefs, and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, we cannot assure you that these expectations, beliefs, and projections will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results or achievements to be materially different from the future results or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Among other items, such factors may include: prolonged or material contractions in automotive sales and production volumes; our inability to realize sales represented by awarded business; escalating pricing pressures; loss of large customers or significant platforms; our ability to successfully compete in the automotive parts industry; availability and increasing volatility in costs of manufactured components and raw materials; disruption in our supply base; entering new markets; possible variability of our working capital requirements; risks associated with our international operations, including changes in laws, regulations, and policies governing the terms of foreign trade such as increased trade restrictions and tariffs; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; our ability to control the operations of our joint ventures for our sole benefit; our substantial amount of indebtedness; our ability to obtain adequate financing sources in the future; operating and financial restrictions imposed on us under our debt instruments; the underfunding of our pension plans; significant changes in discount rates and the actual return on pension assets; effectiveness of continuous improvement programs and other cost savings plans; manufacturing facility closings or consolidation; our ability to execute new program launches; our ability to meet customers’ needs for new and improved products; the possibility that our acquisitions and divestitures may not be successful; product liability, warranty and recall claims brought against us; laws and regulations, including environmental, health and safety laws and regulations; legal proceedings, claims or investigations against us; work stoppages or other labor disruptions; the ability of our intellectual property to withstand legal challenges; cyber-attacks or other disruptions in our information technology systems; the possible volatility of our annual effective tax rate; changes in our assumptions used for evaluation of deemed repatriation tax and the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, including as a result of IRS issuing guidance on the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that may change our assumptions; the possibility of future impairment charges to our goodwill and long-lived assets; and our dependence on our subsidiaries for cash to satisfy our obligations.

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or otherwise revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except where we are expressly required to do so by law.

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q also contains estimates and other information that is based on industry publications, surveys, and forecasts. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and we have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes to the quantitative and qualitative information about the Company’s market risk from those previously disclosed in the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the first quarter ended March 31, 2018.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer along with the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We have approximately $1.7 million of repurchase authorization remaining under our ongoing common stock share repurchase program as discussed in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Share Repurchase Program,” and Note 18. “Common Stock” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Report.

In June 2018, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement with a third-party financial institution to repurchase the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to the ASR agreement, the Company made an up-front payment of $35 million, from cash on hand, to the financial institution and received an initial delivery of approximately 207 thousand shares in the second quarter of 2018. Upon settlement in the third quarter of 2018, the Company received approximately 51 thousand additional shares resulting in an overall weighted average price per share of $135.51 under the ASR agreement. In addition, our Board of Directors approved a new common stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase, in the aggregate, up to $150 million of our outstanding common stock which is effective in November 2018.

A summary of our shares of common stock repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2018 is shown below:



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid per Share⁽²⁾		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program (in millions)⁽³⁾
July 1, 2018 through July 31, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	1.70
August 1, 2018 through August 31, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	1.70
September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018⁽⁴⁾	51,092	$	135.51	51,092	$	1.70
Total	51,092	$	135.51	51,092	$	1.70


(1)	Includes shares repurchased by the Company to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements due upon the vesting of restricted stock awards.


(2)	Excluding commissions.


(3)	Includes the $35 million up-front payment made under the ASR Agreement.

(4)

Under the ASR agreement, the Company paid $35 million and received an initial delivery of approximately 207 thousand shares of its common stock in the second quarter of 2018. The Company then received approximately 51 thousand shares in the third quarter of 2018. The average price paid per share reflected in the table is based upon the overall weighted average price per share under the ASR agreement. See Note 18. “Common Stock” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.

Item 5. Other Information

On November 1, 2018, Keith D. Stephenson, the Company’s Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) notified the Company of his decision to retire, effective April 2, 2019, after 12 years of service. In his role as COO, Mr. Stephenson has led the Company’s initiatives regarding global manufacturing, purchasing, innovation and IT, as well as the Company's corporate development activities. For purposes of his compensatory arrangements, Mr. Stephenson’s departure will be treated as a voluntary resignation.

Item 6. Exhibits




Exhibit No.		Description of Exhibit

31.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).

31.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) (Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).

32**		Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS***		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB***		XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document



*	Filed with this Report.
**	Furnished with this Report.
***	Submitted electronically with this Report in accordance with the provisions of Regulation S-T.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



				COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.

November 2, 2018				/S/ JONATHAN P. BANAS
Date				Jonathan P. Banas Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)