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Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
  ___________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
  ___________________________________
(Mark One)
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
or
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________.
Commission File Number: 001-36127
   ______________________________
COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
   ______________________________
Delaware
 
20-1945088
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
39550 Orchard Hill Place Drive
Novi, Michigan 48375
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(248) 596-5900
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 ______________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Trading Symbol(s)
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
 
CPS
 
New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer
☐
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
 
 
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
As of October 31, 2019, there were 16,838,724 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding.



COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.
Form 10-Q
For the period ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 6.


2


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.         Financial Statements
COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share amounts) 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Sales
$
729,021

 
$
861,653

 
$
2,373,865

 
$
2,757,306

Cost of products sold
659,313

 
741,998

 
2,088,631

 
2,315,406

Gross profit
69,708

 
119,655

 
285,234

 
441,900

Selling, administration & engineering expenses
63,020

 
82,134

 
224,164

 
238,913

Gain on sale of business
1,730

 
—

 
(188,180
)
 
—

Gain on sale of land
—

 
(10,714
)
 
—

 
(10,714
)
Amortization of intangibles
4,250

 
3,791

 
13,173

 
10,596

Restructuring charges
5,572

 
2,703

 
29,214

 
19,841

Impairment charges
1,958

 
—

 
4,146

 
—

Operating profit (loss)
(6,822
)
 
41,741

 
202,717

 
183,264

Interest expense, net of interest income
(10,351
)
 
(9,983
)
 
(33,858
)
 
(29,756
)
Equity in earnings of affiliates
1,515

 
1,413

 
5,764

 
4,348

Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt
—

 
—

 
—

 
(770
)
Other expense, net
(514
)
 
(1,697
)
 
(3,091
)
 
(3,973
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
(16,172
)
 
31,474

 
171,532

 
153,113

Income tax expense (benefit)
(574
)
 
(1,190
)
 
45,996

 
19,831

Net income (loss)
(15,598
)
 
32,664

 
125,536

 
133,282

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
1,745

 
(508
)
 
2,447

 
(2,457
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.
$
(13,853
)
 
$
32,156

 
$
127,983

 
$
130,825

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
(0.82
)
 
$
1.80

 
$
7.42

 
$
7.29

Diluted
$
(0.82
)
 
$
1.77

 
$
7.40

 
$
7.13

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


3


COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands) 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net income (loss)
$
(15,598
)
 
$
32,664

 
$
125,536

 
$
133,282

Other comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation adjustment
(29,513
)
 
(15,715
)
 
(33,407
)
 
(41,277
)
Benefit plan liabilities adjustment, net of tax
2,246

 
656

 
686

 
4,914

Fair value change of derivatives, net of tax
(1,558
)
 
1,481

 
523

 
1,871

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
(28,825
)
 
(13,578
)
 
(32,198
)
 
(34,492
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
(44,423
)
 
19,086

 
93,338

 
98,790

Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests
2,606

 
584

 
3,558

 
(704
)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.
$
(41,817
)
 
$
19,670

 
$
96,896

 
$
98,086


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


4


COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollar amounts in thousands except share amounts)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(unaudited)
 

Assets
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
323,142

 
$
264,980

Accounts receivable, net
462,244

 
418,607

Tooling receivable
158,826

 
141,106

Inventories
178,916

 
175,572

Prepaid expenses
32,795

 
36,878

Other current assets
71,901

 
108,683

Assets held for sale
—

 
103,898

Total current assets
1,227,824

 
1,249,724

Property, plant and equipment, net
961,793

 
984,241

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
87,849


—

Goodwill
142,104

 
143,681

Intangible assets, net
88,325

 
99,602

Other assets
137,552

 
145,855

Total assets
$
2,645,447

 
$
2,623,103

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Equity
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Debt payable within one year
$
67,419

 
$
101,323

Accounts payable
405,766

 
452,320

Payroll liabilities
94,728

 
92,604

Accrued liabilities
104,965

 
98,907

Current operating lease liabilities
24,004


—

Liabilities held for sale
—

 
71,195

Total current liabilities
696,882

 
816,349

Long-term debt
736,044

 
729,805

Pension benefits
128,409

 
138,771

Postretirement benefits other than pensions
46,961

 
40,901

Long-term operating lease liabilities
64,102


—

Other liabilities
52,644

 
37,775

Total liabilities
1,725,042

 
1,763,601

7% Cumulative participating convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
—

 
—

Equity:
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 190,000,000 shares authorized; 18,904,533 shares issued and 16,838,724 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2019, and 19,620,546 shares issued and 17,554,737 outstanding as of December 31, 2018
17

 
17

Additional paid-in capital
488,862

 
501,511

Retained earnings
686,714

 
576,025

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(277,175
)
 
(246,088
)
Total Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. equity
898,418

 
831,465

Noncontrolling interests
21,987

 
28,037

Total equity
920,405

 
859,502

Total liabilities and equity
$
2,645,447

 
$
2,623,103

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

5


COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except share amounts)
 
Total Equity
 
Common Shares
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-In Capital
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2018
17,554,737

 
$
17

 
$
501,511

 
$
576,025

 
$
(246,088
)
 
$
831,465

 
$
28,037

 
$
859,502

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,607
)
 
—

 
(2,607
)
 
—

 
(2,607
)
Repurchase of common stock
(118,774
)
 
—

 
(2,057
)
 
(3,880
)
 
—

 
(5,937
)
 
—

 
(5,937
)
Share-based compensation, net
85,937

 
—

 
4

 
(214
)
 
—

 
(210
)
 
—

 
(210
)
Contribution from noncontrolling interests
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,112

 
2,112

Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,460
)
 
—

 
(3,460
)
 
(157
)
 
(3,617
)
Other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,455

 
4,455

 
404

 
4,859

Balance as of March 31, 2019
17,521,900

 
$
17

 
$
499,458

 
$
565,864

 
$
(241,633
)
 
$
823,706

 
$
30,396

 
$
854,102

Repurchase of common stock
(626,305
)
 
—

 
(20,486
)
 
(9,514
)
 
—

 
(30,000
)
 
—

 
(30,000
)
Share-based compensation, net
5,738

 
—

 
3,522

 
1

 
—

 
3,523

 
—

 
3,523

Purchase of noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
1,298

 
—

 
—

 
1,298

 
(6,057
)
 
(4,759
)
Dividends declared to noncontrolling interests
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(233
)
 
(233
)
Net income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
145,296

 
—

 
145,296

 
(545
)
 
144,751

Other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(7,578
)
 
(7,578
)
 
(654
)
 
(8,232
)
Balance as of June 30, 2019
16,901,333

 
$
17

 
$
483,792

 
$
701,647

 
$
(249,211
)
 
$
936,245

 
$
22,907

 
$
959,152

Repurchase of common stock
(72,875
)
 
—

 
1,084

 
(1,084
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Share-based compensation, net
10,266

 
—

 
3,986

 
4

 
—

 
3,990

 
—

 
3,990

Contribution from noncontrolling interests
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,686

 
1,686

Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(13,853
)
 
—

 
(13,853
)
 
(1,745
)
 
(15,598
)
Other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(27,964
)
 
(27,964
)
 
(861
)
 
(28,825
)
Balance as of September 30, 2019
16,838,724

 
$
17

 
$
488,862

 
$
686,714

 
$
(277,175
)
 
$
898,418

 
$
21,987

 
$
920,405

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


6


COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except share amounts)
 
Total Equity
 
Common Shares
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-In Capital
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2017
17,914,599

 
$
18

 
$
512,815

 
$
511,367

 
$
(197,631
)
 
$
826,569

 
$
28,520

 
$
855,089

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
—

 
—

 
—

 
8,639

 
(8,639
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Share-based compensation, net
151,288

 
—

 
(73
)
 
(4,714
)
 
—

 
(4,787
)
 
—

 
(4,787
)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests
—

 
—

 
(2,682
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,682
)
 
312

 
(2,370
)
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
56,792

 
—

 
56,792

 
624

 
57,416

Other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
16,662

 
16,662

 
949

 
17,611

Balance as of March 31, 2018
18,065,887

 
$
18

 
$
510,060

 
$
572,084

 
$
(189,608
)
 
$
892,554

 
$
30,405

 
$
922,959

Repurchase of common stock
(276,696
)
 
—

 
(13,696
)
 
(29,829
)
 
—

 
(43,525
)
 
—

 
(43,525
)
Share-based compensation, net
29,765

 
—

 
4,319

 
(610
)
 
—

 
3,709

 
—

 
3,709

Contribution from noncontrolling interests
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
299

 
299

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
41,877

 
—

 
41,877

 
1,325

 
43,202

Other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(36,915
)
 
(36,915
)
 
(1,610
)
 
(38,525
)
Balance as of June 30, 2018
17,818,956

 
$
18

 
$
500,683

 
$
583,522

 
$
(226,523
)
 
$
857,700

 
$
30,419

 
$
888,119

Repurchase of common stock
(51,092
)
 
—

 
5,608

 
(5,608
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Share-based compensation, net
6,765

 
—

 
4,058

 
(108
)
 
—

 
3,950

 
—

 
3,950

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
32,156

 
—

 
32,156

 
508

 
32,664

Other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(12,486
)
 
(12,486
)
 
(1,092
)
 
(13,578
)
Balance as of September 30, 2018
17,774,629

 
$
18

 
$
510,349

 
$
609,962

 
$
(239,009
)
 
$
881,320

 
$
29,835

 
$
911,155

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
 

7


COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
Operating Activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
125,536

 
$
133,282

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
Depreciation
98,795

 
98,675

Amortization of intangibles
13,173

 
10,596

Gain on sale of business
(188,180
)
 
—

Gain on sale of land
—

 
(10,714
)
Impairment charges
4,146

 
—

Share-based compensation expense
10,293

 
14,117

Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of dividends related to earnings
(847
)
 
160

Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt
—

 
770

Deferred income taxes
19,576

 
7,083

Other
2,628

 
1,583

Changes in operating assets and liabilities
(55,213
)
 
(177,548
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
29,907

 
78,004

Investing activities:
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(131,085
)
 
(160,088
)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired
(452
)
 
(98,673
)
Proceeds from sale of business
243,362

 
—

Proceeds from sale of fixed assets and other
2,084

 
8,173

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
113,909

 
(250,588
)
Financing activities:
 
 
 
Principal payments on long-term debt
(3,556
)
 
(2,928
)
(Decrease) increase in short-term debt, net
(32,737
)
 
3,554

Purchase of noncontrolling interests
(4,797
)
 
(2,450
)
Repurchase of common stock
(36,550
)
 
(43,525
)
Taxes withheld and paid on employees' share-based payment awards
(2,757
)
 
(11,571
)
Contribution from noncontrolling interests and other
2,132

 
(88
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(78,265
)
 
(57,008
)
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(6,997
)
 
(3,045
)
Changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
58,554

 
(232,637
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
267,399

 
518,461

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
$
325,953

 
$
285,824

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheet:
 
Balance as of
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents
$
323,142

 
$
264,980

Restricted cash included in other current assets
12

 
18

Restricted cash included in other assets
2,799

 
2,401

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows
$
325,953

 
$
267,399

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

8
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)


1. Overview
Basis of Presentation
Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Cooper Standard”), through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Cooper-Standard Automotive Inc. (“CSA U.S.”), is a leading manufacturer of sealing, fuel and brake delivery, and fluid transfer systems. The Company’s products are primarily for use in passenger vehicles and light trucks that are manufactured by global automotive original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and replacement markets. The Company conducts substantially all of its activities through its subsidiaries.
During the first quarter of 2019 and in prior periods, the Company also operated an anti-vibration systems product line. On April 1, 2019, the Company completed the divestiture of its anti-vibration systems product line. See Note 4. “Divestiture.”
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial information and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Annual Report”), as filed with the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations of the Company. The operating results for the interim period ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. In preparing these financial statements, the Company has evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued.
Correction of Errors
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company identified errors related to the timing of recording pricing matters with customers in the Asia Pacific region. These errors primarily related to periods prior to fiscal year 2019 and resulted in an out-of-period adjustment that decreased sales by $8,498, net income by $6,220 and diluted EPS by $0.36 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and increased accrued liabilities and other liabilities as of September 30, 2019 by $6,220, net of tax impact. In addition, an immaterial amount related to these matters was recorded during the third quarter of 2019 that related to the first and second quarters of 2019.
Management evaluated the effect of the adjustments on the Company’s financial statements under the provision of ASC 250: Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 99: Materiality and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108: Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements and concluded that the errors were immaterial to the prior year’s annual financial statements and expected financial results for the current year.
2. New Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases, and all related amendments using the modified retrospective method whereby the cumulative effect of adopting the standard was recognized in equity at the date of initial application. Comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The most prominent among the changes in the standard is the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases (except for short-term leases). The Company made a policy election for all asset classes to exclude the balance sheet recognition of leases with a lease term, at lease commencement, of 12 months or less and no purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised. The standard also requires additional disclosures to help financial statement users better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from lease transactions. The new standard resulted in a material increase in right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet beginning in 2019 and had no impact on its condensed consolidated income statement or to cash provided by (used in) operating, financing or investing activities on its condensed consolidated cash flow statements.

9
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

The difference between the lease assets and lease liabilities was recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The cumulative effects of the changes made to the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 were as follows:
 
Balance as of December 31, 2018
 
Adjustments due to adoption of ASC 842
 
Balance as of January 1, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid expenses
$
36,878

 
$
(2,704
)
 
$
34,174

Assets held for sale
103,898

 
9,559

 
113,457

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
—

 
102,268

 
102,268

Accrued liabilities
98,907

 
(336
)
 
98,571

Current operating lease liabilities
—

 
27,229

 
27,229

Liabilities held for sale
71,195

 
9,561

 
80,756

Long-term operating lease liabilities
—

 
75,276

 
75,276

Retained earnings
576,025

 
(2,607
)
 
573,418


The Company elected the package of practical expedients on existing leases as of the effective date which permits the Company to carry forward lease classification and not reassess existing contracts in order to determine if the contracts contain a lease. The Company did not elect the hindsight practical expedient. Additionally, the Company elected the practical expedient to not reassess whether any expired or existing land easements contain leases.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considered the recently issued accounting pronouncement summarized as follows, which is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements:
Standard
Description
Effective Date
ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments —Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

Amends guidance on the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial instruments, including trade receivables, based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
January 1, 2020

3. Acquisitions
Lauren Acquisition
In the third quarter of 2018, the Company acquired the assets and liabilities of Lauren Manufacturing and Lauren Plastics (together, “Lauren”), extruders and molders of organic, silicone, thermoplastic and engineered polymer products with expertise in sealing solutions, to further expand the Company’s Industrial and Specialty Group and non-automotive and adjacent markets. The base purchase price of the acquisition was $92,700. The results of operations of Lauren are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and reported within the North America segment. The pro forma effect of this acquisition would not have materially impacted the Company’s reported results for any periods presented, and as a result no pro forma information has been presented. This acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, resulting in the recognition of intangible assets of $34,810 and tax deductible goodwill of $26,080. Since completion of initial estimates in the third quarter of 2018, the Company has recorded insignificant measurement period adjustments to increase the provisional identifiable net assets acquired, which resulted in a decrease to goodwill.

10
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

LS Mtron Automotive Parts Acquisition
In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company acquired 80.1% of LS Mtron Ltd.’s automotive parts business, now named Cooper Standard Automotive and Industrial, Inc. The acquisition adds jounce brake lines and charge air cooling technology to the Company’s automotive fluid transfer and fuel and brake delivery systems product lines and further expands core product offerings. The base purchase price was $25,750. The noncontrolling interest was determined to have a fair value of $6,400. The results of operations of Cooper Standard Automotive and Industrial, Inc. are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and reported within the Asia Pacific segment. The pro forma effect of this acquisition would not have materially impacted the Company’s reported results for any periods presented, and as a result no pro forma information has been presented. This acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, and the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed approximated the fair value of the consideration transferred. In 2019, the Company recorded insignificant measurement period adjustments primarily due to working capital adjustments, which resulted in an increase to the base purchase price.
Hutchings Automotive Products Acquisition
In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company acquired the assets and liabilities of Hutchings Automotive Products, LLC (“Hutchings”), a North American supplier of high quality fluid carrying products for automotive powertrain and coolant systems applications. The base purchase price was $42,100. The results of operations of Hutchings are included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and reported within the North America segment. The pro forma effect of this acquisition would not have materially impacted the Company’s reported results for any periods presented, and as a result no pro forma information has been presented. This acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, resulting in the recognition of intangible assets of $11,100 and tax deductible goodwill of $5,200.
4. Divestiture
In the third quarter of 2018, management approved a plan to sell the anti-vibration systems (“AVS”) product line within its North America, Europe and Asia Pacific segments. The business and its associated assets and liabilities met the criteria for presentation as held for sale as of September 1, 2018, and depreciation of long-lived assets ceased. The divestiture did not meet the criteria for presentation as a discontinued operation.
On November 2, 2018, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with an unaffiliated company to divest the AVS product line. On April 1, 2019, the Company completed its sale of the AVS product line to Continental AG. The total sale price of the transaction was $265,500, subject to certain adjustments. Cash proceeds received in the second quarter were $243,362 after adjusting for certain liabilities assumed by the purchaser. The net cash proceeds after taxes, post-closing adjustments and transaction-related expenses and fees are expected to be approximately $215,000 to $220,000. The Company recognized a gain on the divestiture of $188,180, subject to post-closing adjustments. Adjustments to the gain recorded in the third quarter of 2019 relate primarily to working capital adjustments. In addition, at closing, the Company and Continental AG entered into certain ancillary agreements providing for the transition of the AVS product line.

11
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

The major classes of assets and liabilities held for sale were as follows:
 
 
December 31, 2018
Accounts receivable, net
 
$
35,498

Tooling receivable
 
3,797

Inventories
 
13,774

Prepaid expenses
 
1,759

Other current assets
 
1,197

Property, plant and equipment, net
 
31,148

Goodwill
 
13,500

Other assets
 
3,225

Total assets held for sale
 
$
103,898

 
 
 
Accounts payable
 
$
38,065

Payroll liabilities
 
6,826

Accrued liabilities
 
1,000

Pension benefits
 
15,894

Postretirement benefits other than pensions
 
9,281

Other liabilities
 
129

Total liabilities related to assets held for sale
 
$
71,195



12
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

5. Revenue
Revenue is recognized for manufactured parts at a point in time, generally when products are shipped or delivered. The Company usually enters into agreements with customers to produce products at the beginning of a vehicle’s life. Blanket purchase orders received from customers and related documents generally establish the annual terms, including pricing, related to a vehicle model. Customers typically pay for parts based on customary business practices with payment terms generally between 30 and 90 days.
Revenue by customer group for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was as follows:
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Asia Pacific
 
South America
 
Consolidated
Automotive
$
361,246

 
$
173,863

 
$
112,625

 
$
25,182

 
$
672,916

Commercial
4,101

 
6,305

 
—

 
9

 
10,415

Other
28,400

 
17,241

 
17

 
32

 
45,690

Revenue
$
393,747

 
$
197,409

 
$
112,642

 
$
25,223

 
$
729,021


Revenue by customer group for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was as follows:
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Asia Pacific
 
South America
 
Consolidated
Automotive
$
1,167,065

 
$
588,474

 
$
358,532

 
$
73,401

 
$
2,187,472

Commercial
16,367

 
22,602

 
17

 
92

 
39,078

Other
89,885

 
57,149

 
191

 
90

 
147,315

Revenue
$
1,273,317

 
$
668,225

 
$
358,740

 
$
73,583

 
$
2,373,865


Revenue by customer group for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Asia Pacific
 
South America
 
Consolidated
Automotive
$
441,142

 
$
201,885

 
$
136,147

 
$
25,466

 
$
804,640

Commercial
5,926

 
7,693

 
4

 
101

 
13,724

Other
24,485

 
18,754

 
4

 
46

 
43,289

Revenue
$
471,553

 
$
228,332

 
$
136,155

 
$
25,613

 
$
861,653

Revenue by customer group for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Asia Pacific
 
South America
 
Consolidated
Automotive
$
1,395,263

 
$
710,197

 
$
433,309

 
$
75,328

 
$
2,614,097

Commercial
17,025

 
26,830

 
11

 
341

 
44,207

Other
36,051

 
62,830

 
4

 
117

 
99,002

Revenue
$
1,448,339

 
$
799,857

 
$
433,324

 
$
75,786

 
$
2,757,306


The automotive group consists of sales to automotive OEMs and automotive suppliers, while the commercial group represents sales to OEMs of on- and off-highway commercial equipment and vehicles. The other customer group includes sales related to specialty and adjacent markets.
Substantially all of the Company’s revenues were generated from sealing, fuel and brake delivery, fluid transfer and anti-vibration systems for use in passenger vehicles and light trucks manufactured by global OEMs. On April 1, 2019, the Company completed the divestiture of its anti-vibration systems product line. See Note 4. “Divestiture.”

13
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

A summary of the Company’s products is as follows:
Product Line
 
Description
Sealing Systems
 
Protect vehicle interiors from weather, dust and noise intrusion for improved driving experience; provide aesthetic and functional class-A exterior surface treatment
Fuel & Brake Delivery Systems
 
Sense, deliver and control fluids to fuel and brake systems
Fluid Transfer Systems
 
Sense, deliver and control fluids and vapors for optimal powertrain & HVAC
operation
Anti-Vibration Systems (Divested on April 1, 2019)
 
Control and isolate vibration and noise in the vehicle to improve ride and handling
Revenue by product line for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was as follows:
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Asia Pacific
 
South America
 
Consolidated
Sealing systems
$
139,318

 
$
130,732

 
$
73,576

 
$
18,602

 
$
362,228

Fuel and brake delivery systems
120,425

 
29,401

 
26,775

 
6,349

 
182,950

Fluid transfer systems
112,938

 
20,334

 
12,291

 
272

 
145,835

Other
21,066

 
16,942

 
—

 
—

 
38,008

Consolidated
$
393,747

 
$
197,409

 
$
112,642

 
$
25,223

 
$
729,021


Revenue by product line for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was as follows:
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Asia Pacific
 
South America
 
Consolidated
Sealing systems
$
438,844

 
$
430,280

 
$
237,369

 
$
55,446

 
$
1,161,939

Fuel and brake delivery systems
376,106

 
95,722

 
78,275

 
17,728

 
567,831

Fluid transfer systems
340,767

 
64,646

 
41,632

 
409

 
447,454

Anti-vibration systems
56,457

 
20,807

 
1,464

 
—

 
78,728

Other
61,143

 
56,770

 
—

 
—

 
117,913

Consolidated
$
1,273,317

 
$
668,225

 
$
358,740

 
$
73,583

 
$
2,373,865

Revenue by product line for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Asia Pacific
 
South America
 
Consolidated
Sealing systems
$
149,074

 
$
142,342

 
$
107,940

 
$
19,398

 
$
418,754

Fuel and brake delivery systems
136,903

 
31,752

 
22,044

 
6,122

 
196,821

Fluid transfer systems
104,058

 
19,642

 
4,309

 
93

 
128,102

Anti-vibration systems
63,563

 
15,328

 
1,862

 
—

 
80,753

Other
17,955

 
19,268

 
—

 
—

 
37,223

Consolidated
$
471,553

 
$
228,332

 
$
136,155

 
$
25,613

 
$
861,653


Revenue by product line for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:
 
North America
 
Europe
 
Asia Pacific
 
South America
 
Consolidated
Sealing systems
$
487,757

 
$
502,431

 
$
342,314

 
$
56,786

 
$
1,389,288

Fuel and brake delivery systems
415,012

 
107,366

 
68,373

 
18,698

 
609,449

Fluid transfer systems
331,226

 
65,706

 
15,965

 
302

 
413,199

Anti-vibration systems
195,835

 
57,077

 
6,672

 
—

 
259,584

Other
18,509

 
67,277

 
—

 
—

 
85,786

Consolidated
$
1,448,339

 
$
799,857

 
$
433,324

 
$
75,786

 
$
2,757,306




14
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Contract Estimates
The amount of revenue recognized is usually based on the purchase order price and adjusted for variable consideration, including pricing concessions. The Company accrues for pricing concessions by reducing revenue as products are shipped or delivered. The accruals are based on historical experience, anticipated performance and management’s best judgment. The Company also generally has ongoing adjustments to customer pricing arrangements based on the content and cost of its products. Such pricing accruals are adjusted as they are settled with customers. Customer returns are usually related to quality or shipment issues and are recorded as a reduction of revenue. The Company generally does not recognize significant return obligations due to their infrequent nature.
Contract Balances
The Company’s contract assets consist of unbilled amounts associated with variable pricing arrangements in its Asia Pacific region. Once pricing is finalized, contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable. As a result, the timing of revenue recognition and billings, as well as changes in foreign exchange rates, will impact contract assets on an ongoing basis. Contract assets were not materially impacted by any other factors during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
The Company’s contract liabilities consist of advance payments received and due from customers. Net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Change
Contract assets
 
$
409

 
$
14,757

 
$
(14,348
)
Contract liabilities
 
(238
)
 
(143
)
 
(95
)
Net contract assets
 
$
171


$
14,614


$
(14,443
)

Other
The Company provides assurance-type warranties to its customers. Such warranties provide customers with assurance that the related product will function as intended and complies with any agreed-upon specifications, and are recognized in costs of products sold.
6. Restructuring
On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its business and objectives to ensure that it is properly configured and sized based on changing market conditions. Accordingly, the Company has implemented several restructuring initiatives, including closure or consolidation of facilities throughout the world and the reorganization of its operating structure.
The Company’s restructuring charges consist of severance, retention and outplacement services, and severance-related postemployment benefits (collectively, “employee separation costs”), other related exit costs and asset impairments related to restructuring activities.

15
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Restructuring expense by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
North America
$
1,321

 
$
830

 
$
9,243

 
$
3,831

Europe
3,341

 
1,212

 
14,961

 
14,465

Asia Pacific
902

 
606

 
4,849

 
1,375

South America
8

 
55

 
161

 
170

Total
$
5,572

 
$
2,703

 
$
29,214

 
$
19,841


Restructuring activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was as follows:
 
Employee Separation Costs
 
Other Exit Costs
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
9,398

 
$
3,829

 
$
13,227

Expense
19,925

 
9,289

 
29,214

Cash payments
(15,858
)
 
(8,816
)
 
(24,674
)
Foreign exchange translation and other
(438
)
 
(1,223
)
 
(1,661
)
Balance as of September 30, 2019
$
13,027

 
$
3,079

 
$
16,106


7. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Finished goods
$
48,011

 
$
50,999

Work in process
41,077

 
37,815

Raw materials and supplies
89,828

 
86,758

 
$
178,916

 
$
175,572


8. Leases
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842, Leases, and all related amendments using the modified retrospective method. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, current operating lease liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, net, debt payable within one year, and long-term debt on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Lease right-of-use assets are recognized at commencement date based upon the present value of the remaining future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The Company’s lease terms include options to renew or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise the option. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based upon information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of future lease payments. The Company applies the portfolio approach for the incremental borrowing rate on its leases based upon similar lease terms and payments. The lease right-of-use asset also includes lease payments made in advance of lease commencement and excludes lease incentives. Operating lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. For real estate leases, these components are accounted for separately, while for equipment leases commencing on or after January 1, 2019, the Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
Variable lease expense includes payments based upon changes in a rate or index, such as consumer price indexes, as well as usage of the leased asset. Short-term lease expense includes leases with terms, at lease commencement, of 12 months or less and no purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.


16
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

The Company primarily has operating and finance leases for certain manufacturing facilities, corporate offices and certain equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to 15 years, some of which may include one or more options to extend the leases for up to five years for each renewal.
The components of lease expense were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Operating lease expense:
$
8,362

 
$
25,027

Short-term lease expense
796

 
2,607

Variable lease expense
517

 
1,051

Finance lease expense:
 
 
 
Amortization of right-of-use assets
614

 
1,629

Interest on lease liabilities
400

 
1,307

Total lease expense
$
10,689

 
$
31,621


Other information related to leases was as follows:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
 
 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
 
 
     Operating cash flows for operating leases
 
$
25,671

     Operating cash flows for finance leases
 
1,186

     Financing cash flows for finance leases
 
735

Non-cash right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
 
 
     Operating leases
 
4,955

     Finance leases
 
9,476

 
 
 
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
 
 
Operating leases
 
5.5

Finance leases
 
11.7

 
 
 
Weighted Average Discount Rate
 
 
Operating leases
 
4.7
%
Finance leases
 
9.7
%
 
 
 


17
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2019 were as follows:
Year
 
Operating Leases
 
Finance
Leases
Remainder of 2019
 
$
7,683

 
$
696

2020
 
25,098

 
2,870

2021
 
17,388

 
2,679

2022
 
13,406

 
2,518

2023
 
11,282

 
2,294

Thereafter
 
25,913

 
21,056

    Total future minimum lease payments
 
100,770

 
32,113

Less imputed interest
 
(12,664
)
 
(13,196
)
    Total
 
$
88,106

 
$
18,917

 
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
 
$
87,849

 
$
—

Debt payable within one year
 
—

 
2,050

Current operating lease liabilities
 
24,004

 
—

Long-term debt
 
—

 
16,867

Long-term operating lease liabilities
 
64,102

 
—


As of September 30, 2019, assets recorded under finance leases, net of accumulated depreciation were $20,089. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had additional operating leases, primarily for real estate, that have not yet commenced with undiscounted lease payments of approximately $56,975. These operating leases will commence between 2019 and 2020 with lease terms up to 15 years.
9. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Land and improvements
$
66,483

 
$
72,931

Buildings and improvements
308,283

 
313,722

Machinery and equipment
1,129,253

 
1,076,369

Construction in progress
187,079

 
192,533

 
1,691,098

 
1,655,555

Accumulated depreciation
(729,305
)
 
(671,314
)
Property, plant and equipment, net
$
961,793

 
$
984,241


Due to the termination of certain customer programs in the Asia Pacific region, the Company recorded an impairment charge related to machinery and equipment of $1,958 during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The fair value of machinery and equipment was determined using estimated salvage value, which was deemed the highest and best use of the assets.
Impairment charges of $4,146 recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 also included an impairment charge recorded in the second quarter related to machinery and equipment due to the continuing adverse financial results in certain Asia Pacific locations. The fair value of buildings and machinery and equipment was determined using market value and estimated orderly liquidation value, respectively, which was deemed the highest and best use of the assets.
During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company realized a gain on sale of land of $10,714 in its Europe segment. The net book value of the land was $5,446. The sale of land was contemplated in conjunction with the Company’s restructuring plan.

18
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

10. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The balance of goodwill relates to the North America reporting unit. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable operating segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were as follows:
 
North America
Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
143,681

Adjustments related to recent acquisitions
(1,689
)
Foreign exchange translation
112

Balance as of September 30, 2019
$
142,104


Goodwill is tested for impairment by reporting unit annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. There were no indicators of potential impairment during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets and accumulated amortization balances as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Customer relationships
$
156,189

 
$
(109,906
)
 
$
46,283

Other
49,123

 
(7,081
)
 
42,042

Balance as of September 30, 2019
$
205,312

 
$
(116,987
)
 
$
88,325

 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer relationships
$
157,286

 
$
(98,937
)
 
$
58,349

Other
45,401

 
(4,148
)
 
41,253

Balance as of December 31, 2018
$
202,687

 
$
(103,085
)
 
$
99,602

11. Debt
A summary of outstanding debt as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is as follows:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Senior Notes
$
394,935

 
$
394,399

Term Loan
326,667

 
328,485

ABL Facility
—

 
50,000

Finance leases
18,917

 
10,297

Other borrowings
62,944

 
47,947

Total debt
803,463

 
831,128

Less current portion
(67,419
)
 
(101,323
)
Total long-term debt
$
736,044

 
$
729,805


5.625% Senior Notes due 2026
In November 2016, the Company issued $400,000 aggregate principal amount of its 5.625% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes mature on November 15, 2026. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears in cash on May 15 and November 15 of each year.
Debt issuance costs related to the Senior Notes are amortized into interest expense over the term of the Senior Notes. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $5,065 and $5,601 of unamortized debt issuance costs, respectively, related to the Senior Notes, which are presented as direct deductions from the principal balance in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

19
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Term Loan Facility
Also in November 2016, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to its senior term loan facility (“Term Loan Facility”), which provides for loans in an aggregate principal amount of $340,000. Subject to certain conditions, the Term Loan Facility, without the consent of the then-existing lenders (but subject to the receipt of commitments), may be expanded (or a new term loan or revolving facility added) by an amount that will not cause the consolidated secured net debt ratio to exceed 2.25 to 1.00 plus $400,000 plus any voluntary prepayments, including the ABL Facility (as defined below) to the extent commitments are reduced, not funded from proceeds of long-term indebtedness. The Term Loan Facility matures on November 2, 2023, unless earlier terminated.
On May 2, 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Term Loan Facility to modify the interest rate. Subsequently, on March 6, 2018, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Term Loan Facility to further modify the interest rate. In accordance with this amendment, borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either (1) with respect to Eurodollar rate loans, the greater of the applicable Eurodollar rate and 0.75% plus 2.0% per annum, or (2) with respect to base rate loans, the base rate, (which is the highest of the then current federal funds rate plus 0.5%, the prime rate most recently announced by the administrative agent under the term loan, and the one-month Eurodollar rate plus 1.0%) plus 1.0% per annum. As a result of Amendment No. 3, the Company recognized a loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt of $770 in the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, which was due to the partial write off of new and unamortized debt issuance costs and unamortized original issue discount.
As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $2,421 and $2,866 of unamortized debt issuance costs, respectively, and $1,561 and $1,849 of unamortized original issue discount, respectively, related to the Term Loan Facility, which are presented as direct deductions from the principal balance in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Both the debt issuance costs and the original issue discount are amortized into interest expense over the term of the Term Loan Facility.
ABL Facility
In November 2016, the Company entered into a $210,000 Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement of its senior asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL Facility”).
The ABL Facility provides for an aggregate revolving loan availability of up to $210,000, subject to borrowing base availability, including a $100,000 letter of credit sub-facility and a $25,000 swing line sub-facility. The ABL Facility also provides for an uncommitted $100,000 incremental loan facility, for a potential total ABL Facility of $310,000, if requested by the borrowers under the ABL Facility and the lenders agree to fund such increase. No consent of any lender is required to effect any such increase, except for those participating in the increase.
As of September 30, 2019, there were no obligations outstanding drawn under the ABL Facility. Subject to borrowing base availability, the Company had $193,106 in availability, less outstanding letters of credit of $9,387.
Any borrowings under the ABL Facility will mature, and the commitments of the lenders under the ABL Facility will terminate, on November 2, 2021.
As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $766 and $1,015, respectively, of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the ABL Facility, which are presented in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Debt Covenants
The Company was in compliance with all covenants of the Senior Notes, Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility as of September 30, 2019.
Other
Other borrowings as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 reflect borrowings under local bank lines classified in debt payable within one year on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

20
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

12. Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based upon assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy is utilized, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
Level 1:
Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2:
Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3:
Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Estimates of the fair value of foreign currency and interest rate derivative instruments are determined using exchange traded prices and rates. The Company also considers the risk of non-performance in the estimation of fair value and includes an adjustment for non-performance risk in the measure of fair value of derivative instruments. In certain instances where market data is not available, the Company uses management judgment to develop assumptions that are used to determine fair value. Fair value measurements and the fair value hierarchy level for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Input
Forward foreign exchange contracts - other current assets
$
157

 
$
277

 
Level 2
Forward foreign exchange contracts - accrued liabilities
(95
)
 
(925
)
 
Level 2

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
In addition to items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, which are not included in the table above. As these nonrecurring fair value measurements are generally determined using unobservable inputs, these fair value measurements are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For further information on assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis see Note 3. “Acquisitions” and Note 9. “Property, Plant and Equipment.”
Items Not Carried at Fair Value
Fair values of the Company’s Senior Notes and Term Loan Facility were as follows:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Aggregate fair value
$
680,684

 
$
684,687

Aggregate carrying value (1)
730,650

 
733,200


(1) Excludes unamortized debt issuance costs and unamortized original issue discount.
Fair values were based on quoted market prices and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. The Company enters into derivative instruments primarily to hedge portions of its forecasted foreign currency denominated cash flows and designates these derivative instruments as cash flow hedges in order to qualify for hedge accounting.
The Company formally documents its hedge relationships, including the identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the cash flow hedges. The Company also formally assesses whether a cash flow hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged item. Derivatives are recorded at fair value in other current assets, other assets, accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities. For a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) in the condensed consolidated balance sheet and reclassified into earnings when the underlying hedged transaction is realized. The realized gains and losses are recorded on the same line as the hedged transaction in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

21
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by its counterparties on its derivative financial instruments. The Company mitigates this credit risk exposure by entering into agreements directly with major financial institutions with high credit standards that are expected to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts.
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts - The Company uses forward contracts to mitigate the potential volatility to earnings and cash flow arising from changes in currency exchange rates that impact the Company’s foreign currency transactions. The principal currencies hedged by the Company include various European currencies, the Canadian Dollar, and the Mexican Peso. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the notional amount of these contracts was $39,890 and $154,237, respectively, and consisted of hedges of transactions up to June 2020.
Interest rate swaps - The Company has historically used interest rate swap contracts to manage cash flow variability associated with its variable rate Term Loan Facility. The interest rate swap contract, which fixes the interest payments of variable rate debt instruments, is used to manage exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. As of September 30, 2019, there were no interest rate swap contracts outstanding.
Pretax amounts related to the Company’s cash flow hedges that were recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) were as follows:
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Forward foreign exchange contracts
$
(1,367
)
 
$
2,253

 
$
2,443

 
$
3,413

Interest rate swaps
—

 
—

 
—

 
443

Total
$
(1,367
)
 
$
2,253

 
$
2,443

 
$
3,856


Pretax amounts related to the Company’s cash flow hedges that were reclassified from AOCI were as follows:
 
 
 
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Classification
 
2019
 
2018
Forward foreign exchange contracts
Cost of products sold
 
$
614

 
$
370

Interest rate swaps
Interest expense, net of interest income
 
—

 
31

Total
 
 
$
614

 
$
401


 
 
 
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Classification
 
2019
 
2018
Forward foreign exchange contracts
Cost of products sold
 
$
1,766

 
$
1,000

Interest rate swaps
Interest expense, net of interest income
 
—

 
(162
)
Total
 
 
$
1,766

 
$
838



22
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

13. Accounts Receivable Factoring
As a part of its working capital management, the Company sells certain receivables through a single third-party financial institution in a pan-European program (the “Factor”). The amount sold varies each month based on the amount of underlying receivables and cash flow needs of the Company. These are permitted transactions under the Company’s credit agreements governing the ABL Facility and Term Loan Facility and the indenture governing the Senior Notes. Costs incurred on the sale of receivables are recorded in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The sale of receivables under this contract is considered an off-balance sheet arrangement to the Company and is accounted for as a true sale and is excluded from accounts receivable in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Amounts outstanding under receivable transfer agreements entered into by various locations as of the period end were as follows:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Off-balance sheet arrangements
$
86,270

 
$
100,409


Accounts receivable factored and related costs throughout the period were as follows:
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Accounts receivable factored
$
108,957

 
$
149,136

 
$
376,944

 
$
518,808

Costs
218

 
348

 
691

 
1,065


The Company continues to service sold receivables and acts as collection agent for the Factor. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, cash collections on behalf of the Factor that have yet to be remitted were $16,254 and $14,542, respectively, and are reflected in cash and cash equivalents in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
14. Pension and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions
The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost for the Company’s defined benefit plans and other postretirement benefit plans were as follows:
 
 Pension Benefits
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
 U.S.
 
 Non-U.S.
 
 U.S.
 
 Non-U.S.
Service cost
$
189

 
$
931

 
$
213

 
$
1,039

Interest cost
2,952

 
924

 
2,706

 
1,031

Expected return on plan assets
(4,155
)
 
(599
)
 
(4,355
)
 
(625
)
Amortization of prior service cost and actuarial loss
781

 
589

 
601

 
652

Net periodic benefit (income) cost
$
(233
)
 
$
1,845

 
$
(835
)
 
$
2,097

 
 
 Pension Benefits
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
 U.S.
 
 Non-U.S.
 
 U.S.
 
 Non-U.S.
Service cost
$
567

 
$
2,985

 
$
639

 
$
3,200

Interest cost
8,856

 
3,047

 
8,118

 
3,151

Expected return on plan assets
(12,465
)
 
(1,785
)
 
(13,063
)
 
(1,890
)
Amortization of prior service cost and actuarial loss
2,343

 
1,798

 
1,803

 
2,008

Net periodic benefit (income) cost
$
(699
)
 
$
6,045

 
$
(2,503
)
 
$
6,469



23
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

 
 Other Postretirement Benefits
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
 U.S.
 
 Non-U.S.
 
 U.S.
 
 Non-U.S.
Service cost
$
26

 
$
93

 
$
77

 
$
123

Interest cost
202

 
182

 
299

 
195

Amortization of prior service credit and actuarial gain
(566
)
 
94

 
(418
)
 
77

Other
—

 
—

 
2

 
—

Net periodic benefit (income) cost
$
(338
)
 
$
369

 
$
(40
)
 
$
395


 
 Other Postretirement Benefits
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
 U.S.
 
 Non-U.S.
 
 U.S.
 
 Non-U.S.
Service cost
$
92

 
$
301

 
$
231

 
$
373

Interest cost
663

 
564

 
899

 
591

Amortization of prior service credit and actuarial gain
(1,874
)
 
225

 
(1,254
)
 
231

Other
—

 
—

 
4

 
—

Net periodic benefit (income) cost
$
(1,119
)
 
$
1,090

 
$
(120
)
 
$
1,195


The service cost component of net periodic benefit (income) cost is included in cost of products sold and selling, administrative and engineering expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. All other components of net periodic benefit (income) cost are included in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented.
Subsequent event
Subsequent to the end of the Company's third quarter, on October 1, 2019, the Company completed the purchase of a bulk annuity policy designed to match the liabilities of its U.S. pension plan, resulting in a reduction of the Company’s overall projected benefit obligation by $57,323. There were no additional cash contributions as part of the transaction and no material changes to the overall funded ratio as a result of the settlement. The transaction is anticipated to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the Company expects to incur non-cash settlement charges of approximately $15,042.
15. Other Expense, Net
The components of other expense, net were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Foreign currency losses
$
(73
)
 
$
(1,184
)
 
$
(1,529
)
 
$
(2,893
)
Components of net periodic benefit cost other than service cost
(404
)
 
(165
)
 
(1,372
)
 
(598
)
Losses on sales of receivables
(218
)
 
(348
)
 
(691
)
 
(1,065
)
Miscellaneous income
181

 
—

 
501

 
583

Other expense, net
$
(514
)
 
$
(1,697
)
 
$
(3,091
)
 
$
(3,973
)

16. Income Taxes
The Company determines its effective tax rate each quarter based upon its estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company records the tax impact of certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate.

24
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

Income tax expense (benefit), income (loss) before income taxes and the corresponding effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Income tax expense (benefit)
$
(574
)
 
$
(1,190
)
 
$
45,996

 
$
19,831

Income (loss) before income taxes
(16,172
)
 
31,474

 
171,532

 
153,113

Effective tax rate
4
%
 
(4
)%
 
27
%
 
13
%

The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was higher primarily due to the geographic mix of increased pre-tax earnings as a result of the sale of the AVS product line recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the inability to record a tax benefit for pre-tax losses in certain foreign jurisdictions in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Additionally, benefits recorded from adjustments to provisional amounts recorded as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act resulted in a lower effective tax rate in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
The income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 varies from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the inability to record a tax benefit for pre-tax losses in certain foreign jurisdictions to the extent not offset by other categories of income, tax credits, the impact of income taxes on foreign earnings taxed at rates varying from the U.S. statutory rate, and other permanent items. Further, the Company’s current and future provision for income taxes is impacted by the initial recognition of and changes in valuation allowances in certain countries. The Company intends to maintain these valuation allowances until it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.
17. Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.
Basic net income or loss per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. was computed by dividing net income or loss attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income or loss per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. was computed using the treasury stock method by dividing diluted net income or loss available to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, including the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, using the average share price during the period.
Information used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net income (loss) available to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc. common stockholders
$
(13,853
)
 
$
32,156

 
$
127,983

 
$
130,825

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average shares of common stock outstanding
16,880,736

 
17,828,358

 
17,240,366

 
17,939,544

Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents
—

 
380,810

 
64,428

 
409,072

Diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding
16,880,736

 
18,209,168

 
17,304,794

 
18,348,616

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.
$
(0.82
)
 
$
1.80

 
$
7.42

 
$
7.29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.
$
(0.82
)
 
$
1.77

 
$
7.40

 
$
7.13



25
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of related tax, were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
(144,899
)
 
$
(120,386
)
 
$
(141,255
)
 
$
(95,485
)
 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
(28,652
)
(1) 
(14,623
)
(1) 
(32,296
)
(1) 
(39,524
)
(1) 
Balance at end of period
$
(173,551
)
 
$
(135,009
)
 
$
(173,551
)
 
$
(135,009
)
 
Benefit plan liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
(105,935
)
 
$
(105,060
)
 
$
(104,375
)
 
$
(100,749
)
 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
1,634

(2) 
(6
)
(2) 
(714
)
(2) 
1,784

(2) 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
612

(3) 
662

(4) 
1,400

(5) 
(5,439
)
(6) 
Balance at end of period
$
(103,689
)
 
$
(104,404
)
 
$
(103,689
)
 
$
(104,404
)
 
Fair value change of derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
1,623

 
$
(1,077
)
 
$
(458
)
 
$
(1,397
)
 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
(1,109
)
(7) 
1,736

(7) 
1,819

(7) 
2,638

(7) 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
(449
)
(8) 
(255
)
(8) 
(1,296
)
(8) 
(837
)
(8) 
Balance at end of period
$
65

 
$
404

 
$
65

 
$
404

 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, ending balance
$
(277,175
)
 
$
(239,009
)
 
$
(277,175
)
 
$
(239,009
)
 
(1)
Includes other comprehensive loss related to intra-entity foreign currency balances that are of a long-term investment nature of $10,785 and $473 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $8,819 and $10,713 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  
(2)
Net of tax (benefit) expense of $(76) and $(97) for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $(983) and $8,628 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Includes other comprehensive loss of $3,224 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to benefit plan liability remeasurement due to the divestiture of the Company’s AVS product line. See Note 4. “Divestiture.”
(3)
Includes the effect of the amortization of actuarial losses of $864, offset by the amortization of prior service credits of $39, net of tax of $213. See Note 14. “Pension and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions.”
(4)
Includes the amortization of actuarial losses of $995, offset by prior service credits of $85, net of tax of $248. See Note 14. “Pension and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions.”
(5)
Includes the effect of the amortization of actuarial losses of $2,607, offset by the amortization of prior service credits of $152, net settlement gain of $65 and curtailment gain of $204, net of tax of $786. The settlement and curtailment relate to the divestiture of the Company’s AVS product line. See Note 4. “Divestiture” and Note 14. “Pension and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions.”
(6)
Includes the effect of the adoption of ASU 2018-02 of $8,569 and the amortization of prior service credits of $244, offset by curtailment loss of $1,123 and the amortization of actuarial losses of $2,981, net of tax of $730. See Note 14. “Pension and Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions.”
(7)
Net of tax (benefit) expense of $(258) and $517 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $624 and $1,218 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Note 12. “Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments.”
(8)
Net of tax expense of $165 and $146 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $470 and $280 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Includes the effect of the adoption of ASU 2018-02 of $70 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. See Note 12. “Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments.”

26
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

19. Common Stock
Share Repurchase Program
In June 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a common stock repurchase program (the “2018 Program”) authorizing the Company to repurchase, in the aggregate, up to $150,000 of its outstanding common stock. Under the 2018 Program, repurchases may be made on the open market, through private transactions, accelerated share repurchases, round lot or block transactions on the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise, as determined by management and in accordance with prevailing market conditions and federal securities laws and regulations. The Company expects to fund any future repurchases from cash on hand and future cash flows from operations. The Company is not obligated to acquire a particular amount of securities, and the 2018 Program may be discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion. The 2018 Program became effective in November 2018. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had approximately $98,720 of repurchase authorization remaining under the 2018 Program.
2019 Repurchases
In May 2019, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement with a third-party financial institution to repurchase the Company’s common stock pursuant to the 2018 Program. Under the ASR agreement, the Company made an up-front payment of $30,000 and received an initial delivery of 626,305 shares of its common stock in the second quarter of 2019. The repurchase was completed in the third quarter of 2019 when the Company received final delivery of an additional 72,875 shares. A total of 699,180 shares were repurchased at a weighted average purchase price of $42.91 per share.
In addition to the repurchase under the ASR agreement, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 85,000 shares at an average purchase price of $69.85 per share, excluding commissions, for a total cost of $5,937.
2018 Repurchases
In June 2018, the Company entered into an ASR agreement with a third-party financial institution to repurchase the Company’s common stock. Under this ASR agreement, the Company made an up-front payment of $35,000 and received an initial delivery of 207,193 shares in the second quarter of 2018. The ASR was completed in the third quarter of 2018 when the Company received an additional 51,092 shares. A total of 258,285 shares were repurchased at a weighted average purchase price of $135.51 per share.
In addition to the repurchase under this ASR agreement, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company repurchased 69,503 shares of its common stock at an average purchase price of $122.64 per share, excluding commissions, for a total cost of $8,524.
20. Share-Based Compensation
The Company’s long-term incentive plans allow for the grant of various types of share-based awards to key employees and directors of the Company and its affiliates. The Company generally awards grants on an annual basis.
In February 2019, the Company granted Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”), Performance Units (“PUs”) and stock options. The RSUs cliff vest after three years, the PUs cliff vest at the end of their three-year performance period, and the stock options vest ratably over three years. The number of PUs that will vest depends on the Company’s achievement of target performance goals related to the Company’s return on invested capital (“ROIC”) and total shareholder return, which may range from 0% to 200% of the target award amount.
Share-based compensation expense was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
PUs
$
617

 
$
506

 
$
1,507

 
$
3,885

RSUs
2,382

 
2,467

 
6,391

 
7,776

Stock options
812

 
802

 
2,395

 
2,456

Total
$
3,811

 
$
3,775

 
$
10,293

 
$
14,117



27
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

21. Related Party Transactions
A summary of the material related party transactions with affiliates accounted for under the equity method was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Sales(1)
$
6,723

 
$
7,222

 
$
22,256

 
$
23,302

Purchases(2)
82

 
204

 
806

 
614

Dividends received(3)
—

 
239

 
4,917

 
4,747


(1) Relates to transactions with Nishikawa Cooper LLC (“NISCO”)
(2) Relates to transactions with NISCO and Polyrub Cooper Standard FTS Private Limited
(3) From NISCO and Nishikawa Tachaplalert Cooper Ltd. inclusive of any gross up of dividend related to withholding tax
Amounts receivable from NISCO as of September 30, 2019 were $4,799. Amounts receivable from NISCO and Sujan Cooper Standard AVS Private Limited as of December 31, 2018 were $6,066. On April 1, 2019, the Company sold its equity interest in Sujan Cooper Standard AVS Private Limited in connection with the divestiture of its AVS product line. See Note 4. “Divestiture.”
22. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is periodically involved in claims, litigation and various legal matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues for litigation exposure when it is probable that future costs will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Any resulting adjustments, which could be material, are recorded in the period the adjustments are identified. As of September 30, 2019, the Company does not believe that there is a reasonable possibility that any material loss exceeding the amounts already recognized for claims, litigation and various legal matters, if any, has been incurred. However, the ultimate resolutions of these proceedings and matters are inherently unpredictable. As such, the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected in any particular period by the unfavorable resolution of one or more of these proceedings or matters.
In addition, the Company conducts and monitors environmental investigations and remedial actions at certain locations. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the undiscounted reserve for environmental investigation and remediation was approximately $4,703 and $4,668, respectively. While the Company’s costs to defend and settle known claims arising under environmental laws have not been material in the past and are not currently estimated to be material, such costs may be material in the future.

28
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)

23. Segment Reporting
The Company has determined that it operates in four reportable segments: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and South America. The Company’s principal products within each of these segments are sealing, fuel and brake delivery, and fluid transfer systems. During the first quarter of 2019 and in prior periods, the Company also operated an anti-vibration systems product line. On April 1, 2019, the Company completed the divestiture of the AVS product line.
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company changed the measurement of its operating segments to segment adjusted EBITDA. The results of each segment include certain allocations for general, administrative and other shared costs. Segment adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
Certain financial information on the Company’s reportable segments was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019

2018
 
 
External Sales
 
Intersegment Sales
 
Adjusted EBITDA
 
External Sales
 
Intersegment Sales
 
Adjusted EBITDA
North America
 
$
393,747

 
$
7,488

 
$
62,603

 
$
471,553

 
$
3,437

 
$
71,589

Europe
 
197,409

 
3,053

 
6,750

 
228,332

 
4,363

 
934

Asia Pacific
 
112,642

 
894

 
(22,921
)
 
136,155

 
1,307

 
(1,253
)
South America
 
25,223

 
18

 
(2,906
)
 
25,613

 
17

 
(1,699
)
Eliminations and other
 
—

 
(11,453
)
 
—

 
—

 
(9,124
)
 
—

Consolidated
 
$
729,021

 
$
—

 
$
43,526

 
$
861,653

 
$
—

 
$
69,571

 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
External Sales
 
Intersegment Sales
 
Adjusted EBITDA
 
External Sales
 
Intersegment Sales
 
Adjusted EBITDA
North America
 
$
1,273,317

 
$
14,174

 
$
175,034

 
$
1,448,339

 
$
11,056

 
$
241,037

Europe
 
668,225

 
9,259

 
22,273

 
799,857

 
11,780

 
40,194

Asia Pacific
 
358,740

 
2,512

 
(23,740
)
 
433,324

 
4,301

 
23,541

South America
 
73,583

 
71

 
(5,576
)
 
75,786

 
72

 
(4,657
)
Eliminations and other
 
—

 
(26,016
)
 
—

 
—

 
(27,209
)
 
—

Consolidated
 
$
2,373,865

 
$
—

 
$
167,991

 
$
2,757,306

 
$
—

 
$
300,115

 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019

2018
Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
43,526

 
$
69,571

 
$
167,991

 
$
300,115

Gain on sale of business
 
(1,730
)
 
—

 
188,180

 
—

Restructuring charges
 
(5,572
)
 
(2,703
)
 
(29,214
)
 
(19,841
)
Impairment charges
 
(1,958
)
 
—

 
(4,146
)
 
—

Project costs
 
(335
)
 
—

 
(2,003
)
 
—

Lease termination costs
 
(512
)
 
—

 
(1,003
)
 
—

Gain on sale of land
 
—

 
10,714

 
—

 
10,714

Amortization of inventory write-up
 
—

 
(535
)
 
—

 
(535
)
Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(770
)
EBITDA
 
$
33,419

 
$
77,047

 
$
319,805

 
$
289,683

Income tax (expense) benefit
 
574

 
1,190

 
(45,996
)
 
(19,831
)
Interest expense, net of interest income
 
(10,351
)
 
(9,983
)
 
(33,858
)
 
(29,756
)
Depreciation and amortization
 
(37,495
)
 
(36,098
)
 
(111,968
)
 
(109,271
)
Net income attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.
 
$
(13,853
)
 
$
32,156

 
$
127,983

 
$
130,825


29
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS-(Continued)
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in thousands except per share and share amounts)


 
September 30,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
Segment assets
 
 
 
North America
$
1,225,898

 
$
1,174,604

Europe
568,246

 
541,495

Asia Pacific
612,228

 
616,093

South America
62,660

 
54,629

Eliminations and other
176,415

 
236,282

Consolidated
$
2,645,447

 
$
2,623,103




30


Item 2.        Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is intended to assist in understanding and assessing the trends and significant changes in our results of operations and financial condition. Our historical results may not indicate, and should not be relied upon as an indication of, our future performance. Our forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events, are based on assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” below for a discussion of risks associated with reliance on forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause differences between actual results and those contemplated by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“2018 Annual Report”) see Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” The following should be read in conjunction with our 2018 Annual Report and the other information included herein. Our discussion of trends and conditions supplements and updates such discussion included in our 2018 Annual Report. References in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the “Report”) to “we,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Executive Overview
Our Business
We design, manufacture and sell sealing, fuel and brake delivery, and fluid transfer systems for use primarily in passenger vehicles and light trucks manufactured by global automotive original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”). We are primarily a “Tier 1” supplier, with approximately 85% of our sales in 2018 made directly to major OEMs. We operate our business along four segments: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and South America.
During the first quarter of 2019 and in prior periods, the Company also operated an anti-vibration systems business. On April 1, 2019, we completed the divestiture of the anti-vibration systems business.
Recent Trends and Conditions
General Economic Conditions and Outlook
The global automotive industry is susceptible to uncertain economic conditions that could adversely impact new vehicle demand and production. Business conditions may vary significantly from period to period or region to region.
In North America, general economic conditions have been strong and relatively stable since 2018. Led by the United States, economic growth in the region is expected to continue through the remainder of 2019, albeit at a more modest rate than last year. Consumer confidence, employment and inflation remain at healthy levels. Continued uncertainty regarding global trade relationships and Federal Reserve interest rate policies, among other factors, could dampen economic momentum, while positive developments in these areas could be a positive catalyst. In Canada and Mexico, economic growth has slowed but is expected to remain positive for the full year in 2019. The mix of vehicles produced and sold in North America continues to shift away from passenger cars in favor of crossover utility vehicles and light trucks.
In Europe, economic momentum slowed in the second half of 2018, and the underlying issues and uncertainties responsible for the slowdown have carried over into the first three quarters of 2019. Geopolitical concerns, the implementation of new environmental regulations in the automotive industry and the slowing of economic conditions within key trading partner countries have weighed on consumer confidence and industrial investment. The continuation of global trade tensions, financial pressures within some of the key European Union member countries and the United Kingdom’s pending separation from the European Union (“Brexit”) will continue to create a high level of uncertainty and challenge the regional economic outlook for the remainder of 2019 and into 2020.
In Asia Pacific, China’s economic growth rate has slowed to its lowest pace in nearly three decades. Rising debt, higher interest rates, inflation and uncertainty continue to pressure domestic consumption, while on-going tension within U.S.-China trade relationships is impacting exports. Despite the Chinese government’s recent announcements of a series of tax cuts and planned increases in infrastructure spending, there remains uncertainty related to economic growth in the remainder of 2019 and into 2020.
In South America, the Brazilian economy has regained some momentum following a slight contraction in the first quarter of 2019. At the end of the third quarter, both the manufacturing purchasing managers’ index (PMI) and consumer confidence reached their highest levels of the year. However, lower demand for exports from neighboring Argentina and continued trade tensions globally will likely suppress economic growth in the near term. We remain cautious for the mid to long-term outlook given the long history of political instability and economic volatility in the region.

31


Raw Materials
Our business is susceptible to inflationary pressures with respect to raw materials which may place operational and profitability burdens on the entire supply chain. Costs related to raw materials, such as steel, aluminum, and oil and oil-derived commodities, continue to be volatile. In addition, we continue to expect commodity cost volatility to have an impact on future earnings and operating cash flows. As such, on an ongoing basis, we work with our customers and suppliers to mitigate both inflationary pressures and our material-related cost exposures.
Production Levels
Our business is directly affected by the automotive vehicle production rates in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and South America. New vehicle demand is driven by macroeconomic and other factors, such as interest rates, manufacturer and dealer sales incentives, fuel prices, consumer confidence, employment levels, income growth trends and government and tax incentives. The industry could face uncertainties that may adversely impact consumer demand for vehicles as well as the future production environment.
Light vehicle production in certain regions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions of units)
2019(1)
 
2018(1)
 
% Change
 
2019(1)
 
2018(1)
 
% Change
North America
4.0

 
4.0

 
(0.4)%
 
12.5

 
12.8

 
(2.2)%
Europe
4.7

 
4.6

 
0.7%
 
15.9

 
16.6

 
(3.8)%
Asia Pacific
11.2

 
11.7

 
(4.6)%
 
33.8

 
36.4

 
(7.0)%
Greater China
5.9

 
6.2

 
(5.3)%
 
17.5

 
19.7

 
(11.5)%
South America
0.9

 
0.9

 
(4.7)%
 
2.5

 
2.6

 
(3.5)%
(1)
Production data based on IHS Automotive, October 2019.
In North America, total vehicle production decreased slightly compared to 2018. Continuing recent trends in consumer demand, production of passenger cars declined while production of sport utility vehicles and crossover vehicles increased. We expect these trends to continue in North America throughout the remainder of 2019. In addition, delayed ramp up of key vehicle platforms at certain customers and the United Auto Workers (“UAW”) work stoppage against General Motors, our second largest customer, impacted vehicle production volumes in the region.
European and Asia Pacific light vehicle production declined overall during the year. These changes reflect consumer demand and geopolitical instability, including uncertainty around tariffs and global trade relations in both regions and Brexit uncertainty in Europe. Accordingly, we remain cautious on the impact through the remainder of the year and into 2020.

32


Results of Operations
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Sales
$
729,021

 
$
861,653

 
$
(132,632
)
 
$
2,373,865

 
$
2,757,306

 
$
(383,441
)
Cost of products sold
659,313

 
741,998

 
(82,685
)
 
2,088,631

 
2,315,406

 
(226,775
)
Gross profit
69,708

 
119,655

 
(49,947
)
 
285,234

 
441,900

 
(156,666
)
Selling, administration & engineering expenses
63,020

 
82,134

 
(19,114
)
 
224,164

 
238,913

 
(14,749
)
Gain on sale of business
1,730

 
—

 
1,730

 
(188,180
)
 
—

 
(188,180
)
Gain on sale of land
—

 
(10,714
)
 
10,714

 
—

 
(10,714
)
 
10,714

Amortization of intangibles
4,250

 
3,791

 
459

 
13,173

 
10,596

 
2,577

Restructuring charges
5,572

 
2,703

 
2,869

 
29,214

 
19,841

 
9,373

Impairment charges
1,958

 
—

 
1,958

 
4,146

 
—

 
4,146

Operating profit (loss)
(6,822
)
 
41,741

 
(48,563
)
 
202,717

 
183,264

 
19,453

Interest expense, net of interest income
(10,351
)
 
(9,983
)
 
(368
)
 
(33,858
)
 
(29,756
)
 
(4,102
)
Equity in earnings of affiliates
1,515

 
1,413

 
102

 
5,764

 
4,348

 
1,416

Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(770
)
 
770

Other expense, net
(514
)
 
(1,697
)
 
1,183

 
(3,091
)
 
(3,973
)
 
882

Income (loss) before income taxes
(16,172
)
 
31,474

 
(47,646
)
 
171,532

 
153,113

 
18,419

Income tax expense (benefit)
(574
)
 
(1,190
)
 
616

 
45,996

 
19,831

 
26,165

Net income (loss)
(15,598
)
 
32,664

 
(48,262
)
 
125,536

 
133,282

 
(7,746
)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
1,745

 
(508
)
 
2,253

 
2,447

 
(2,457
)
 
4,904

Net income (loss) attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.
$
(13,853
)
 
$
32,156

 
$
(46,009
)
 
$
127,983

 
$
130,825

 
$
(2,842
)

33


Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Sales
Sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased 15.4%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018.
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Variance Due To:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
 
Volume / Mix*
 
Foreign Exchange
 
Acquisitions / Divestiture, Net
 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Total sales
$
729,021

 
$
861,653

 
$
(132,632
)
 
 
$
(67,511
)
 
$
(14,193
)
 
$
(50,928
)
* Net of customer price reductions
Gross Profit
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Variance Due To:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
 
Volume / Mix*
 
Foreign Exchange
 
Cost Increases / (Decreases)**
 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Cost of products sold
$
659,313

 
$
741,998

 
$
(82,685
)
 
 
$
(22,850
)
 
$
(11,329
)
 
$
(48,506
)
Gross profit
69,708

 
119,655

 
(49,947
)
 
 
(44,661
)
 
(2,864
)
 
(2,422
)
Gross profit percentage of sales
9.6
%
 
13.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Net of customer price reductions
** Includes the net impact of acquisitions and divestiture
Cost of products sold is primarily comprised of material, labor, manufacturing overhead, freight, depreciation, warranty costs and other direct operating expenses. The Company’s material cost of products sold was approximately 50% and 51% of total cost of products sold for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The change in the cost of products sold was driven by continuous improvement and lean manufacturing, the sale of our anti-vibration systems (“AVS”) product line, restructuring savings, and material cost reductions. These items were partially offset by vehicle production volume and mix including the delayed ramp up of certain customers key vehicle platforms and the UAW work stoppage against General Motors, commodity price fluctuations, foreign exchange, tariffs and wage inflation.
Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased $49.9 million or 41.7% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was driven by vehicle production volume and mix, including the delayed ramp up of certain customers key vehicle platforms and the UAW work stoppage against General Motors, commercial settlements in China, commodity price inflation and foreign exchange pressures, tariffs, and wage inflation. These items were partially offset by net favorable operational performance and acquisitions.
Selling, Administration and Engineering Expense. Selling, administration and engineering expense includes administrative expenses as well as product engineering and design and development costs. Sales, administration and engineering expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was 8.6% of sales compared to 9.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was driven by savings generated from lower compensation-related expenses and salaried employee initiatives, partially offset by general inflation.
Gain on Sale of Business. The gain on sale of business for the three months ended September 30, 2019 included a $1.7 million adjustment, decreasing the amount of the gain recognized on the second quarter sale of the AVS business, primarily due to working capital adjustments.
Restructuring. Restructuring charges for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $2.9 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was driven by higher restructuring charges in North America and Europe.
Impairment Charges. Non-cash impairment charges of $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 related to tooling machinery and equipment were recorded due to the termination of certain customer programs in the Asia Pacific region.
Interest Expense, Net. Net interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased $0.4 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to higher outstanding debt balances.

34


Other Expense, Net. Other expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased $1.2 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to lower foreign currency losses.
Income Tax Benefit. Income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $0.6 million on losses before income taxes of $16.2 million. This compares to an income tax benefit of $1.2 million on earnings before income taxes of $31.5 million for the same period of 2018. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018 differed primarily due to the geographic mix of increased pre-tax earnings and the inability to record a tax benefit for pre-tax losses in certain foreign jurisdictions. Additionally, benefits recorded from adjustments to provisional amounts recorded as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act resulted in a lower effective tax rate in the three months ended September 30, 2018.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Sales
Sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased 13.9%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Variance Due To:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
 
Volume / Mix*
 
Foreign Exchange
 
Acquisitions / Divestiture, Net
 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Total sales
$
2,373,865

 
$
2,757,306

 
$
(383,441
)
 
 
$
(273,659
)
 
$
(76,339
)
 
$
(33,443
)
* Net of customer price reductions
Gross Profit
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Variance Due To:
 
2019

2018
 
Change
 
 
Volume / Mix*
 
Foreign Exchange
 
Cost Increases / (Decreases)**
 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Cost of products sold
$
2,088,631

 
$
2,315,406

 
$
(226,775
)
 
 
$
(118,491
)
 
$
(63,245
)
 
$
(45,039
)
Gross profit
285,234

 
441,900

 
(156,666
)
 
 
(155,168
)
 
(13,094
)
 
11,596

Gross profit percentage of sales
12.0
%
 
16.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Net of customer price reductions
** Includes the net impact of acquisitions and divestiture
Cost of products sold is primarily comprised of material, labor, manufacturing overhead, freight, depreciation, warranty costs and other direct operating expenses. The Company’s material cost of products sold was approximately 51% of total cost of products sold for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The change in the cost of products sold was driven by continuous improvement and lean manufacturing, the sale of our AVS product line, restructuring savings, and material cost reductions. These items were partially offset by vehicle production volume and mix including the delayed ramp up of certain customers key vehicle platforms and the UAW work stoppage against General Motors, commodity price fluctuations, foreign exchange, tariffs and wage inflation.
Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased 35.5% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was driven by vehicle production volume and mix including the delayed ramp up of certain customers key vehicle platforms and the UAW work stoppage against General Motors, commercial settlements in China, commodity price inflation and foreign exchange pressures, tariffs and wage inflation. These items were partially offset by net favorable operational performance and acquisitions.
Selling, Administration and Engineering Expense. Selling, administration and engineering expense includes administrative expenses as well as product engineering and design and development costs. Sales, administration and engineering expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 9.4% of sales compared to 8.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This increase in rate was primarily due to lower sales. The decrease in expense was primarily due to savings generated from salaried employee initiatives and lower compensation-related expenses, partially offset by divestiture-related expenses for our AVS business and general inflation.

35


Gain on Sale of Business. Gain on sale of business of $188.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to the sale of our AVS product line within our North America, Europe and Asia Pacific segments. We completed the sale to Continental AG on April 1, 2019.
Restructuring. Restructuring charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $9.4 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase was driven by higher restructuring charges in North America primarily related to salaried employee initiatives and in Asia Pacific mainly due to footprint rationalization.
Impairment Charges. Non-cash impairment charges of $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to machinery and equipment were recorded due to the continuing adverse financial results in certain Asia Pacific locations and the termination of certain customer programs in the Asia Pacific region.
Interest Expense, Net. Net interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $4.1 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to higher outstanding debt balances.
Other Expense, Net. Other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased $0.9 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to lower foreign currency losses and losses on sale of receivables, partially offset by higher benefit related costs.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $46.0 million on earnings before income taxes of $171.5 million. This compares to income tax expense of $19.8 million on earnings before income taxes of $153.1 million for the same period of 2018. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 differed primarily due to the geographic mix of increased pre-tax earnings as a result of the sale of the AVS product line and the inability to record a tax benefit for pre-tax losses in certain foreign jurisdictions. Additionally, benefits recorded from adjustments to provisional amounts recorded as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act resulted in a lower effective tax rate in the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Segment Results of Operations
The Company operates in four reportable segments: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and South America. Consistent with how management assesses performance of the segments, effective January 1, 2019, we changed the measurement of our segments to adjusted EBITDA. We have defined adjusted EBITDA as net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring expense, and special items. The results of each segment include certain allocations for general, administrative, interest, and other shared costs.
The following tables present sales and segment adjusted EBITDA for each of the reportable segments.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Sales
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Variance Due To:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
 
Volume / Mix*
 
Foreign Exchange
 
Acquisitions / Divestiture, Net

 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Sales to external customers
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
$
393,747

 
$
471,553

 
$
(77,806
)
 
 
$
(29,319
)
 
$
(640
)
 
$
(47,847
)
Europe
197,409

 
228,332

 
(30,923
)
 
 
(5,490
)
 
(9,715
)
 
(15,718
)
Asia Pacific
112,642

 
136,155

 
(23,513
)
 
 
(32,448
)
 
(3,702
)
 
12,637

South America
25,223

 
25,613

 
(390
)
 
 
(254
)
 
(136
)
 
—

Consolidated
$
729,021

 
$
861,653

 
$
(132,632
)
 
 
$
(67,511
)
 
$
(14,193
)
 
$
(50,928
)
* Net of customer price reductions
•
The impact of foreign currency exchange primarily relates to the Euro and Chinese Renminbi.

36


Segment adjusted EBITDA
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Variance Due To:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
 
Volume / Mix*
 
Foreign Exchange
 
Cost (Increases) / Decreases
 
Acquisitions / Divestiture, Net
 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Segment adjusted EBITDA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
$
62,603

 
$
71,589

 
$
(8,986
)
 
 
$
(19,225
)
 
$
299

 
$
12,387

 
$
(2,447
)
Europe
6,750
 
934
 
5,816

 
 
(3,617
)
 
768

 
9,438

 
(773
)
Asia Pacific
(22,921
)
 
(1,253
)
 
(21,668
)
 
 
(21,845
)
 
(80
)
 
327

 
(70
)
South America
(2,906)
 
(1,699)
 
(1,207
)
 
 
26

 
(737
)
 
(496
)
 
—

Consolidated adjusted EBITDA
$
43,526

 
$
69,571

 
$
(26,045
)
 
 
$
(44,661
)
 
$
250

 
$
21,656

 
$
(3,290
)
* Net of customer price reductions
•
The impact of foreign currency exchange is primarily driven by the Polish Zloty, Czech Koruna, Canadian Dollar and Mexican Peso.
•
The Cost (Increases) / Decreases category above includes:
◦
The increase in commodity cost pressure, general inflation and tariffs;
◦
Reduction in compensation-related expenses;
◦
The one-time impact of commercial settlements in Asia Pacific; and
◦
Net operational efficiencies of $12.9 million primarily driven by our Europe and Asia Pacific segments.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Sales
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Variance Due To:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
 
Volume / Mix*
 
Foreign Exchange
 
Acquisitions / Divestiture, Net

 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Sales to external customers
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
$
1,273,317

 
$
1,448,339

 
$
(175,022
)
 
 
$
(125,407
)
 
$
(5,709
)
 
$
(43,906
)
Europe
668,225

 
799,857

 
(131,632
)
 
 
(51,686
)
 
(44,570
)
 
(35,376
)
Asia Pacific
358,740

 
433,324

 
(74,584
)
 
 
(100,559
)
 
(19,864
)
 
45,839

South America
73,583

 
75,786

 
(2,203
)
 
 
3,993

 
(6,196
)
 
—

Consolidated
$
2,373,865

 
$
2,757,306

 
$
(383,441
)
 
 
$
(273,659
)
 
$
(76,339
)
 
$
(33,443
)
* Net of customer price reductions
•
The impact of foreign currency exchange primarily relates to the Euro and the Chinese Renminbi.

37


Segment adjusted EBITDA
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Variance Due To:
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
 
Volume / Mix*
 
Foreign Exchange
 
Cost (Increases) / Decreases
 
Acquisitions / Divestiture, Net
 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Segment adjusted EBITDA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
$
175,034

 
$
241,037

 
$
(66,003
)
 
 
$
(74,648
)
 
$
(2,915
)
 
$
12,905

 
$
(1,345
)
Europe
22,273

 
40,194

 
(17,921
)
 
 
(25,527
)
 
(2,347
)
 
10,972

 
(1,019
)
Asia Pacific
(23,740
)
 
23,541

 
(47,281
)
 
 
(56,849
)
 
(277
)
 
9,026

 
819

South America
(5,576
)
 
(4,657
)
 
(919
)
 
 
1,856

 
(855
)
 
(1,920
)
 
—

Consolidated adjusted EBITDA
$
167,991

 
$
300,115

 
$
(132,124
)
 
 
$
(155,168
)
 
$
(6,394
)
 
$
30,983

 
$
(1,545
)
* Net of customer price reductions
•
The impact of foreign currency exchange is primarily driven by the Canadian Dollar, Mexican Peso, Euro, Brazilian Real, Polish Zloty and Czech Koruna.
•
The Cost (Increases) / Decreases category above includes:
◦
The increase in commodity cost pressure, general inflation, and tariffs;
◦
Reduction in compensation-related expenses;
◦
The one-time impact of commercial settlements in Asia Pacific; and
◦
Net operational efficiencies of $64.4 million primarily driven by our North America, Europe and Asia Pacific segments.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Short and Long-Term Liquidity Considerations and Risks
We intend to fund our ongoing working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and other funding requirements through a combination of cash flows from operations, cash on hand, borrowings under our senior asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL Facility”) and receivables factoring. The Company utilizes intercompany loans and equity contributions to fund its worldwide operations. There may be country-specific regulations which may restrict or result in increased costs in the repatriation of these funds. See Note 11. “Debt” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for additional information.
Based on our current and anticipated levels of operations and the conditions in our markets and industry, we believe that our cash flows from operations, cash on hand, borrowings under our ABL Facility and receivables factoring will enable us to meet our ongoing working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and other funding requirements for the next twelve months. However, our ability to fund our working capital needs, debt payments and other obligations, and to comply with the financial covenants, including borrowing base limitations, under our ABL Facility, depend on our future operating performance and cash flows and many factors outside of our control, including the costs of raw materials, the state of the overall automotive industry and financial and economic conditions and other factors.
Cash Flows
Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operations was $29.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to net cash provided by operations of $78.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The lower inflow was primarily due to decreased cash earnings and timing of customer payments, partially offset by changes in accrued liabilities.
Investing Activities. Net cash provided by investing activities was $113.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $250.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Cash provided by investing activities consisted primarily of gross proceeds of $243.4 million from the sale of our AVS product line, partially offset by capital spending of $131.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. We anticipate that we will spend approximately $165 million to $175 million on capital expenditures in 2019.

38


Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities totaled $78.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $57.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The change was primarily due to the repayment of our revolving credit facility and local borrowing lines. Cash used for share repurchases was $36.6 million and $43.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Share Repurchase Program
In June 2018, our Board of Directors approved a new common stock repurchase program (the “2018 Program”) authorizing us to repurchase, in the aggregate, up to $150.0 million of our outstanding common stock. Under the 2018 Program, repurchases may be made on the open market, through private transactions, accelerated share repurchases, round lot or block transactions on the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise, as determined by us and in accordance with prevailing market conditions and federal securities laws and regulations. We expect to fund any future repurchases from cash on hand and future cash flows from operations. The specific timing and amount of any future repurchase will vary based on market and business conditions and other factors. We are not obligated to acquire a particular amount of securities, and the 2018 Program may be discontinued at any time at our discretion. As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $98.7 million of repurchase authorization remaining under the 2018 Program.
2019 Repurchases
In May 2019, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement with a third-party financial institution to repurchase our common stock pursuant to the 2018 Program. Under the ASR agreement, we made an up-front payment of $30.0 million and received an initial delivery of 626,305 shares of our common stock in the second quarter of 2019. The repurchase was completed in the third quarter of 2019 when we received final delivery of an additional 72,875 shares. A total of 699,180 shares were repurchased at a weighted average purchase price of $42.91 per share.
In addition to the repurchase under the ASR agreement, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we utilized $5.9 million of cash on hand to repurchase 85,000 shares of common stock at an average purchase price of $69.85 per share.
2018 Repurchases
In June 2018, we entered into an accelerated repurchase (“ASR”) agreement with a third-party financial institution to repurchase our common stock. Under this ASR agreement, we made an up-front payment of $35.0 million and received an initial delivery of 207,193 shares in the second quarter of 2018. The ASR was completed in the third quarter of 2018 when we received an additional 51,092 shares. A total of 258,285 shares were repurchased at a weighted average purchase price of $135.51 per share.
In addition to the repurchase under this ASR agreement, during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we repurchased 69,503 shares of our common stock at an average purchase price of $122.64 per share, excluding commissions, for a total cost of $8.5 million.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In evaluating our business, management considers EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to be key indicators of our operating performance. Our management also uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:
•
because similar measures are utilized in the calculation of the financial covenants and ratios contained in our financing arrangements;
•
in developing our internal budgets and forecasts;
•
as a significant factor in evaluating our management for compensation purposes;
•
in evaluating potential acquisitions;
•
in comparing our current operating results with corresponding historical periods and with the operational performance of other companies in our industry; and
•
in presentations to the members of our board of directors to enable our board of directors to have the same measurement basis of operating performance as is used by management in their assessments of performance and in forecasting and budgeting for our company.
In addition, we believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and similar measures are widely used by investors, securities analysts and other interested parties in evaluating our performance. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus income tax expense (benefit), interest expense, net of interest income, depreciation and amortization or EBITDA, as adjusted for items that management does not consider to be reflective of our core operating performance. These adjustments include, but are not limited to, restructuring costs, impairment charges, non-cash fair value adjustments and acquisition-related costs.

39


EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measurements recognized under U.S. GAAP, and when analyzing our operating performance, investors should use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as a supplement to, and not as alternatives for, net income (loss), operating income, or any other performance measure derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools, and they should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results of operations as reported under U.S. GAAP. These limitations include:
 
•
they do not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditure or contractual commitments;
•
they do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
•
they do not reflect interest expense or cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments under our ABL Facility, Term Loan Facility and Senior Notes;
•
they do not reflect certain tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us;
•
although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated or amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect cash requirements for such replacements; and
•
other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate these measures differently and, as the number of differences in the way companies calculate these measures increases, the degree of their usefulness as a comparative measure correspondingly decreases.
In addition, in evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, it should be noted that in the future, we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments in the below presentation. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by special items.
The following table provides a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from net income (loss), which is the most comparable financial measure in accordance with U.S. GAAP:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019

2018
 
(dollar amounts in thousands)
Net income (loss) attributable to Cooper-Standard Holdings Inc.
$
(13,853
)
 
$
32,156

 
$
127,983

 
$
130,825

Income tax expense (benefit)
(574
)
 
(1,190
)
 
45,996

 
19,831

Interest expense, net of interest income
10,351

 
9,983

 
33,858

 
29,756

Depreciation and amortization
37,495

 
36,098

 
111,968

 
109,271

EBITDA
$
33,419

 
$
77,047

 
$
319,805

 
$
289,683

Gain on sale of business (1)
1,730

 
—

 
(188,180
)
 
—

Restructuring charges
5,572

 
2,703

 
29,214

 
19,841

Impairment charges (2)
1,958

 
—

 
4,146

 
—

Project costs (3)
335

 
—

 
2,003

 
—

Lease termination costs (4)
512

 
—

 
1,003

 
—

Gain on sale of land (5)
—

 
(10,714
)
 
—

 
(10,714
)
Amortization of inventory write-up (6)
—

 
535

 
—

 
535

Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt (7)
—

 
—

 
—

 
770

Adjusted EBITDA
$
43,526

 
$
69,571

 
$
167,991

 
$
300,115


(1)
Gain on sale of AVS product line. Adjustments to the gain recorded in the third quarter relate primarily to working capital adjustments. See Note 4. “Divestiture” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.
(2)
Non-cash impairment charges related to fixed assets.
(3)
Project costs recorded in selling, administration and engineering expense related to acquisitions and divestiture.
(4)
Lease termination costs no longer recorded as Restructuring charges in accordance with ASC 842. See Note 2. “New Accounting Pronouncements” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.
(5)
Gain on sale of land in Europe that was contemplated in conjunction with our restructuring plan.
(6)
Amortization of write-up of inventory to fair value for the Lauren acquisition.
(7)
Loss on refinancing and extinguishment of debt related to the applicable amendment of the Term Loan Facility entered into during such period.

40


Contingencies and Environmental Matters
The information concerning contingencies, including environmental contingencies and the amount currently held in reserve for environmental matters, contained in Note 22. “Commitments and Contingencies” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report, is incorporated herein by reference.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2. “New Accounting Pronouncements” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.
Critical Accounting Estimates
There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws, and we intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbor created thereby. Our use of words “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “outlook”, “guidance”, “forecast,” or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” or “may,” and variations of such words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are based upon our current expectations and various assumptions. Our expectations, beliefs, and projections are expressed in good faith and we believe there is a reasonable basis for them. However, we cannot assure you that these expectations, beliefs and projections will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results or achievements to be materially different from the future results or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Among other items, such factors may include: prolonged or material contractions in automotive sales and production volumes; our inability to realize sales represented by awarded business; escalating pricing pressures; loss of large customers or significant platforms; our ability to successfully compete in the automotive parts industry; availability and increasing volatility in costs of manufactured components and raw materials; disruption in our supply base; competitive threats and commercial risks associated with us entering new markets; possible variability of our working capital requirements; risks associated with our international operations, including changes in laws, regulations, and policies governing the terms of foreign trade such as increased trade restrictions and tariffs; foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; our ability to control the operations of our joint ventures for our sole benefit; our substantial amount of indebtedness; our ability to obtain adequate financing sources in the future; operating and financial restrictions imposed on us under our debt instruments; the underfunding of our pension plans; significant changes in discount rates and the actual return on pension assets; effectiveness of continuous improvement programs and other cost savings plans; manufacturing facility closings or consolidation; our ability to execute new program launches; our ability to meet customers’ needs for new and improved products; the possibility that our acquisitions and divestitures may not be successful; product liability, warranty and recall claims brought against us; laws and regulations, including environmental, health and safety laws and regulations; legal proceedings, claims or investigations against us; work stoppages or other labor disruptions; the ability of our intellectual property to withstand legal challenges; cyber-attacks, other disruptions in, or the inability to implement upgrades to, our information technology systems; the possible volatility of our annual effective tax rate; changes in our assumptions as a result of IRS issuing guidance on the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act; the possibility of future impairment charges to our goodwill and long-lived assets; and our dependence on our subsidiaries for cash to satisfy our obligations.
You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or otherwise revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except where we are expressly required to do so by law.
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q also contains estimates and other information that is based on industry publications, surveys, and forecasts. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and we have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the information.

41


Item 3.        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes to the quantitative and qualitative information about the Company’s market risk from those previously disclosed in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report.

42


Item 4.        Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company has evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer along with the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this Report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

43


PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 2.        Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c) Purchases of Equity Securities By the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The Company is authorized to purchase, in the aggregate, up to $150 million of our outstanding common stock under our common stock repurchase program, which was effective in November 2018. As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $98.7 million of repurchase authorization remaining under our ongoing common stock share repurchase program as discussed in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Share Repurchase Program,” and Note 19. “Common Stock” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.
In May 2019, the Company entered into an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement with a third-party financial institution to repurchase the Company’s common stock pursuant to its common stock repurchase program. Pursuant to the ASR agreement, the Company made an up-front payment of $30 million, from cash on hand, to the financial institution and received an initial delivery of 626,305 shares in the second quarter of 2019. Upon settlement in the third quarter of 2019, the Company received final delivery of 72,875 additional shares resulting in an overall weighted average price per share of $42.91 under the ASR agreement.
A summary of our shares of common stock repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2019 is shown below:
Period
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)
 
Average Price Paid per Share(2)
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program (in millions)(3)
July 1, 2019 through July 31, 2019
 
144

 
$
42.10

 
—

 
$
98.7

August 1, 2019 through August 31, 2019(4)
 
72,875

 
42.91

 
72,875

 
98.7

September 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019
 
49

 
49.48

 
—

 
98.7

Total
 
73,068

 
 
 
72,875

 
 
(1)
Includes shares repurchased by the Company to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements due upon the vesting of restricted stock awards.
(2)
Excluding commissions.
(3)
Includes the $30 million up-front payment made under the ASR Agreement.
(4)
Under the ASR agreement, the Company paid $30 million and received an initial delivery of 626,305 shares of its common stock in the second quarter of 2019. The Company then received final delivery of 72,875 shares in the third quarter of 2019. The average price paid per share reflected in the table is based upon the overall weighted average price per share under the ASR agreement. See Note 19. “Common Stock” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report.





44


Item 6.        Exhibits
 
 
 
Exhibit
No.
 
Description of Exhibit
31.1*
 
 
 
31.2*
 
 
 
32**
 
 
 
101.INS***
 
Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
 
 
 
101.SCH***
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL***
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF***
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB***
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE***
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
104***
 
Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL
*
Filed with this Report.
**
Furnished with this Report.
***
Submitted electronically with this Report in accordance with the provisions of Regulation S-T.

45


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
COOPER-STANDARD HOLDINGS INC.    
 
 
 
November 7, 2019
 
 
 
/S/ JONATHAN P. BANAS
Date
 
 
 
Jonathan P. Banas
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)


46