Coronado Global Resources Inc. - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________________________________________

FORM 10-K

___________________________________________________

(Mark One)

☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                     to                     

Commission File Number: 000-56044

___________________________________________________

Coronado Global Resources Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

___________________________________________________

100 Bill Baker Way

Beckley, West Virginia 25801

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(681) 207-7263

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

___________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No  ☒

The registrant’s common stock is publicly traded on the Australian Securities Exchange in the form of CHESS Depositary Interests, or CDIs, convertible at the option of the holders into shares of the registrant’s common stock on a 10-for-1 basis. The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, in the form of CDIs, held by non-affiliates of the registrant (without admitting that any person whose shares are not included in such calculation is an affiliate), computed by reference to the price at which the CDIs were last sold on

June 28, 2019, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, as reported on the Australian Securities Exchange, was $492,886,485.

The total number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding on December 31, 2019, including shares of common stock underlying CDIs, was 96,651,692.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Documents incorporated by reference in this report are listed in the Exhibit Index of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Unless otherwise noted, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” or “Coronado” refer to Coronado Global Resources Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and associates, unless the context indicates otherwise.

All production and sales volumes contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are expressed in metric tons, or Mt, millions of metric tons, or MMt, or millions of metric tons per annum, or MMtpa, except where otherwise stated. One Mt (1,000 kilograms) is equal to 2,204.62 pounds and is equivalent to 1.10231 short tons. In addition, all dollar amounts contained herein are expressed in United States dollars, or US$, except where otherwise stated. References to “A$” are references to Australian dollars, the lawful currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, or the Commonwealth. Some numerical figures included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in certain tables may not equal the sum of the figures that precede them.

CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, concerning our business, operations, financial performance and condition, the coal, steel and other industries, as well as our plans, objectives and expectations for our business, operations, financial performance and condition. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “may,” “could,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipate,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “target,” “likely,” “considers” and other similar words.

Any forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other important factors that could cause actual results, performance, events or outcomes to differ materially from the results, performance, events or outcomes expressed or anticipated in these statements, many of which are beyond our control. Such forward-looking statements are based on an assessment of present economic and operating conditions on a number of best estimate assumptions regarding future events and actions. These factors are difficult to accurately predict and may be beyond our control. Factors that could affect our results or an investment in our securities include, but are not limited to:

•the prices we receive for our coal;

•the demand for steel products, which impacts the demand for our metallurgical, or Met, coals;

•risks inherent to mining;

•the loss of, or significant reduction in, purchases by our largest customers;

•our ability to collect payments from our customers, in a timely manner or at all, depending on their creditworthiness, contractual performance or otherwise;

•risks unique to international mining and trading operations, including tariffs and other barriers to trade;

•unfavorable economic and financial market conditions;

•our ability to continue acquiring and developing coal reserves that are economically recoverable;

•uncertainties in estimating our economically recoverable coal reserves;

•transportation for our coal becoming unavailable or uneconomic for our customers;

•the risk that we may be required to pay for unused capacity pursuant to the terms of our take-or-pay arrangements with rail and port operators;

•our ability to retain key personnel and attract qualified personnel;

•any failure to maintain satisfactory labor relations;

•our ability to obtain, renew or maintain permits and consents necessary for our operations;

•potential costs or liability under applicable environmental laws and regulations, including with respect to any exposure to hazardous substances caused by our operations, as well as any environmental contamination our properties may have or our operations may cause;

•extensive regulation of our mining operations and future regulations and developments;

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 4

Table of Contents

•our ability to provide appropriate financial assurances for our obligations under applicable laws and regulations;

•assumptions underlying our asset retirement obligations for reclamation and mine closures;

•concerns about the environmental impacts of coal combustion, including perceived impacts on global climate issues, which could result in increased regulation of coal combustion in many jurisdictions and divestment efforts affecting the investment community;

•the extensive forms of taxation that our mining operations are subject to, and future tax regulations and developments;

•any cyber-attacks or other security breaches that disrupt our operations or result in the dissemination of proprietary or confidential information about us, our customers or other third parties;

•a decrease in the availability or increase in costs of key supplies, capital equipment or commodities, such as diesel fuel, steel, explosives and tires;

•the risk that we may not recover our investments in our mining, exploration and other assets, which may require us to recognize impairment charges related to those assets;

•risks related to divestitures and acquisitions;

•our indebtedness and ability to comply with the covenants under the agreements governing such indebtedness;

•our ability to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness or other obligations;

•the risk that diversity in interpretation and application of accounting principles in the mining industry may impact our reported financial results; and

•other risks and uncertainties described in Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

We make many of our forward-looking statements based on our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based upon detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results.

See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more complete discussion of the risks and uncertainties mentioned above and for discussion of other risks and uncertainties we face that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements, as well as others made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and hereafter in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and public communications. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made by us in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

We caution you that the risks and uncertainties identified by us may not be all of the factors that are important to you. Furthermore, the forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are made only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 5

Table of Contents

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

Overview

We are a global producer, marketer and exporter of a full range of metallurgical coals. We own a portfolio of operating mines and development projects in Queensland in Australia, and in Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania in the United States. In 2019, we were the fifth largest metallurgical coal producer globally by export volume and the largest metallurgical coal producer in the United States by production volume.

Our operations in Australia, or our Australian Operations, consist of the 100%-owned Curragh producing mining property located in the Bowen Basin of Australia. Our operations in the United States, or our U.S. Operations, consists of three producing mining properties (Buchanan, Logan and Greenbrier), two development mining properties (Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield and Russell County) and one idle mining property (Amonate), primarily located in the Central Appalachian region of the United States, or CAPP, all of which are 100%-owned. Our U.S. Operations and Australian Operations are strategically located for access to transportation infrastructure. In addition to metallurgical coal, our Australian Operations sell thermal coal under a long-term legacy contract assumed in the acquisition of Curragh, which is used to generate electricity, to Stanwell Corporation Limited, or Stanwell, a Queensland government-owned entity and the operator of the Stanwell Power Station located near Rockhampton, Queensland. Our U.S. Operations also produce and sell some thermal coal that is extracted in the process of mining metallurgical coal. In Australia, the 12-month rolling average Total Reportable Injury Frequency Rate, or TRIFR, at the end of the December 31, 2019 was 6.5. In the United States the Total Reportable Incident Rate, or TRIR, for 12-month rolling average at the end of the December 31, 2019 was 2.14.

Our core business strategy focuses on the production of metallurgical coal for the North American and seaborne export markets. Metallurgical coal sales represented approximately 78.8% of our total volume of coal sold for the year ended December 31, 2019. The remaining 21.2% of our total sales volume is thermal coal, the majority of which is sold to Stanwell under a long-term legacy contract assumed in the acquisition of Curragh. In addition, export sales represented 86.1% of our total sales for the year ended December 31, 2019.

To support our operations, we have proven and probable coal reserves totaling 680 MMt as of December 31, 2019. For more information regarding our coal reserves, see Item 2. “Properties.”

History and Australian IPO

We were founded in 2011 by Garold Spindler, James Campbell and a fund affiliated with The Energy & Minerals Group, or EMG, with the intention of evaluating, acquiring and developing metallurgical coal properties. EMG was founded in 2006 by John T. Raymond (co-founding partner and chief executive officer) and John Calvert (co-founding partner and president). EMG focuses on investing across various facets of the global natural resource industry.

Since 2011, Coronado Coal LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and other affiliated entities, including Coronado Group LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which we refer to, collectively, as Coronado Group, have grown the scale and platform of our current operations principally from four acquisitions:

•in 2013, Coronado Group acquired Greenbrier from Lehman Brothers;

•in 2014, Coronado Group acquired Logan from Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (now known as Cleveland-Cliffs Inc.);

•in 2016, Coronado Group acquired Buchanan from CONSOL Energy Inc., or CONSOL Energy; and

•in 2018, Coronado Group acquired Wesfarmers Curragh Pty Ltd (now known as Coronado Curragh Pty Ltd), including the Curragh producing mining property, from Wesfarmers Ltd, or Wesfarmers.

Prior to a corporate reorganization in August 2018, or the Reorganization Transaction, Coronado Group HoldCo LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the holding company of our Australian Operations, was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Coronado Group LLC. In connection with the Reorganization Transaction, (i) Coronado Group HoldCo LLC was converted into Coronado Global Resources Inc., a Delaware corporation, in August 2018 and (ii) Coronado Group LLC contributed all of the equity ownership in our U.S. Operations to Coronado Coal Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Coronado Global Resources Inc. Immediately following the Reorganization Transaction,

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 6

Table of Contents

Coronado Global Resources Inc. remained a wholly-owned subsidiary of Coronado Group LLC, which is currently owned by funds managed by EMG, which we refer to, collectively, as the EMG Group, and certain members of our management.

On October 23, 2018, we completed an initial public offering on the Australian Securities Exchange, or ASX, which we refer to as the Australian IPO, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold the equivalent of 16,651,692 shares of common stock in the form of CDIs and the EMG Group, through Coronado Group LLC, sold the equivalent of 2,691,896.4 shares of common stock in the form of CDIs.

Following the Australian IPO, the EMG Group and management beneficially own approximately 80% of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock through their ownership of Coronado Group LLC, our controlling stockholder. The remaining 20% is owned by public investors in the form of CDIs traded on the ASX. In addition, Coronado Group LLC holds one share of preferred stock Series A, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company, or the Series A Share, which is the only share of preferred stock issued and outstanding. The holder of the Series A Share is permitted to nominate and elect members of our Board of Directors in relation to the level of the holder’s aggregate beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock. In connection with the Australian IPO, Coronado Group LLC entered into a voluntary escrow agreement under which it agreed, among other things, to certain restrictions and prohibitions from engaging in transactions involving the shares of our common stock that it holds for a restricted period. On August 4, 2019, Coronado’s independent directors approved the early release from voluntary escrow of 11% of Coronado’s common stock held by Coronado Group LLC. The release of the shares from escrow took effect on August 19, 2019 and would facilitate any future sell-down by Coronado Group LLC. The restricted period for the remaining 69% of common stock ended on the first business day after the release of our results for the financial year ended December 31, 2019.

Organizational Structure

The following chart shows our current organizational structure:

Overview of Operations

Metallurgical Coal

Metallurgical coals are primarily used in the manufacture of coke, which is used in the steel-making process, as well as direct injection into a blast furnace as a replacement for coke.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 7

Table of Contents

Sales of metallurgical coal represented approximately 91.3% of our revenues in 2019. Most of the metallurgical coal that we produce is sold, directly or indirectly, to steel producers. The steel industry’s demand for metallurgical coal is affected by several factors, including the cyclical nature of that industry’s business, general economic conditions and demand for steel, tariffs on steel and steel products, technological developments in the steelmaking process and the availability and cost of substitutes for steel, such as aluminum, composites and plastics. We compete based on coal quality and characteristics, price, customer service and support and reliability of supply. Seaborne metallurgical coal import demand can be significantly impacted by the availability of indigenous coal production, particularly in the leading metallurgical coal import countries of China, India and Brazil, among others, and the competitiveness of seaborne metallurgical coal supply, including from the leading metallurgical coal exporting countries of Australia, the United States, Russia, Canada and Mongolia, among others.

Thermal Coal

Sales of thermal coal represented approximately 6.8% of our revenues in 2019. The thermal coal that we produce is sold, directly or indirectly, to power stations, including Stanwell, as an energy source in the generation of electricity. Demand for our thermal coal products is impacted by economic conditions, environmental regulation, demand for electricity, including the impact of energy efficient products, and the cost of electricity generation from alternative fuels. Our thermal coal products primarily compete with producers of other forms of electric generation, including natural gas, oil, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar and biomass, that provide an alternative to coal use.

Segments

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 280, Segment Reporting, we have adopted the following reporting segments:

•Curragh;

•Buchanan;

•Logan; and

•Greenbrier.

In addition, “Corporate and other” is not a reporting segment but is disclosed for the purposes of reconciliation to our consolidated financials.

These segments are grouped based on geography and reflect how we currently monitor and report the results of the business to the Chief Executive Officer who is our chief operating decision maker, or CODM, the President & Chief Operating Officer and the Group Chief Financial Officer. Factors affecting and differentiating the financial performance of each of these four reportable segments generally include coal quality, geology, coal marketing opportunities, mining and transportation methods and regulatory issues. We believe this method of segment reporting reflects the way our business segments are currently managed and the way the performance of each segment is evaluated. The four segments consist of similar operating activities as each segment produces similar products.

Overview of Australian Operations—Curragh

Curragh is located in Queensland’s Bowen Basin, one of the world’s premier metallurgical coal regions. Curragh has been operating since 1983, and in 2019 was the sixth largest metallurgical coal mining property in Australia by production. Curragh produces a variety of high-quality, low-ash metallurgical coal products. These metallurgical coal products are exported globally to a diverse customer base located primarily in Asia. Curragh also produces thermal coal. The thermal coal produced at Curragh is primarily sold domestically under a long-term contract to Stanwell, with a limited amount being exported. For the year ended December 31, 2019, 73.8% of the total volume of coal sold by our Australian Operations was metallurgical coal and 26.2% of the total volume of coal sold by our Australian Operations was thermal coal. See Item 2. “Properties” for more information regarding Curragh.

Overview of U.S. Operations—Buchanan, Logan and Greenbrier

Our producing mining properties in the United States are located in the CAPP region, specifically in Virginia and West Virginia, which is a highly-developed, active, coal-producing region. Our three producing mining properties in the United States are Buchanan, Logan and Greenbrier. Metallurgical coal produced by our U.S. Operations is consumed regionally by North American steel producers or exported by seaborne transportation to steel producers (primarily in

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 8

Table of Contents

Europe, South America and Asia). For the year ended December 31, 2019, 87.7% of the total coal produced by our U.S. Operations was metallurgical coal and 12.3% was thermal coal. See Item 2. “Properties” for more information regarding Buchanan, Logan, Greenbrier and the other material mining properties that compose our U.S. Operations.

Customers

We sell most of our coal to steel producers, either directly or through intermediaries, such as brokers. We also sell thermal coal to electricity generators either directly or through intermediaries such as brokers. Major consumers of our seaborne metallurgical coal in 2019 were located in India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, China and Europe. These consumers are all major global steel or metallurgical coke producers. The majority of our sales are made on a spot basis or under contracts with terms of typically one year. For the year ended December 31, 2019, our top ten customers comprised 76.1% of our total revenue and our top five customers comprised 55.1% of our total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2019, sales to Xcoal Energy & Resources, LLC, or Xcoal, a related party, and Tata Steel Limited, or Tata Steel, represented approximately 21.6% and 16.3%, respectively, of our total revenue.

Australia Sales and Marketing

Revenues from our Australian Operations represented approximately 66.2% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. Coal revenues from metallurgical and thermal coal sales represented approximately 90.5% and 7.0%, respectively, of total revenues from our Australian Operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Curragh’s metallurgical coal is typically sold directly to international steel producers located primarily in the Asian market. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, Curragh sold 9.5 MMt of metallurgical coal (representing 73.8% of total coal produced by Curragh) into the seaborne coal markets. The majority of customers purchase multiple grades or products and have purchased Curragh coal continuously through all stages of the coal/commodity pricing cycle. Curragh’s metallurgical coal is typically sold on annual contracts negotiated by our Australian Operations’ sales managers, with pricing agreed to bilaterally or with reference to benchmark indices or spot indices. Our Australian Operations have maintained a high level of contract coverage against planned production. In 2019, approximately 92% of Curragh’s metallurgical coal export sales were made under term contracts (with the balance sold on framework contracts that do not involve a binding commitment to supply, or in the spot market).

Tata Steel

We are a party to a Long Term Coal Sale and Purchase Agreement with Tata Steel, or the Tata Steel Long Term Agreement, with a term ending in March 2022.

The Tata Steel Long Term Agreement provides for the sale of a minimum of 2.0 MMt of coal per contract year, consisting of certain specific quantities of Hard Coking Coal, Semi Coking Coal and PCI Coal. Pricing is re-negotiated each quarter, with coal sales priced in reference to benchmark indices. If we fail to agree on a quarterly price, the Tata Steel Long Term Agreement provides for alternative pricing based on historical market prices and the continuance of deliveries until an agreement on pricing can be reached. Coal sold pursuant to the Tata Steel Long Term Agreement is sold Free on Board (Incoterms 2010), or F.O.B., and the agreement contains industry-standard terms and conditions with respect to delivery, transportation, inspection, assignment, taxes and performance failure.

Stanwell

We are party to contractual arrangements with Stanwell, including a Coal Supply Agreement, or the CSA, and the Curragh Mine New Coal Supply Deed, dated August 14, 2018, or the Supply Deed.

Under the CSA, we deliver thermal coal from Curragh to Stanwell at an agreed price and quantity. Stanwell may vary the quantity of thermal coal purchased each year so the total quantity to be delivered to Stanwell each year cannot be precisely forecast. The coal that we supply to Stanwell constitutes the majority of the thermal coal production from Curragh. Our cost of supplying coal to Stanwell was greater than the price paid by Stanwell for the year ended December 31, 2019. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Take-or-pay arrangements within the coal industry could unfavorably affect our profitability.”

Under the CSA, we also share part of the revenue earned from export metallurgical coal sales (from particular Tenements (as defined below)) with Stanwell through various rebates. The most material rebate is the export price rebate, which is linked to the realized export coal price for a defined metallurgical coal product, as follows:

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 9

Table of Contents

•For the first 7.0 MMtpa of export coal sales: when the 12-month trailing, weighted-average realized export coal price of Reference coal exceeds the Tier 1 Rebate Coal Floor Price, we pay a rebate of 25% of the difference between the realized export coal price and the Tier 1 Rebate Coal Floor Price.

•For export coal sales above 7.0 MMtpa: when the 12-month trailing, weighted-average realized export coal price of Reference coal exceeds the Tier 2 Rebate Coal Floor Price, we pay a rebate of 10% of the difference between the realized export coal price and the Tier 2 Rebate Coal Floor Price.

The CSA also provides for:

•a tonnage rebate to Stanwell per Mt on the first 7.0 MMtpa of export coal sales and on export coal sales above 7.0 MMtpa; and

•a rebate on run-of-mine, or ROM, coal mined in the Curragh “Pit U East Area.”

The total Stanwell rebate for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $175.3 million and has been included in the consolidated statements of operations included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Supply Deed grants us the right to mine the coal reserves in the Stanwell Reserved Area, or the SRA. In exchange, we agreed to certain amendments to the CSA and to enter into a New Coal Supply Agreement, or the NCSA, upon the expiration of the CSA (which is expected to occur in 2027). On July 12, 2019, we entered into the NCSA with Stanwell. From the earlier of the expiry of the CSA, the date of termination of the CSA, and January 1, 2029, we will continue to supply thermal coal to Stanwell under the NCSA. The term of the NCSA is expected to be 10 years, and Coronado will supply to Stanwell 2 million ‘Tonnes Equivalent’ of thermal coal per annum (based on a nominal gross calorific value of 25.6GJ) at a fixed contract price that varies in accordance with agreed formulae, inclusive of all statutory charges and royalties in respect of coal sold and delivered under the NCSA. The export rebates which were payable under the CSA are not payable during the term of the NCSA. The supply term, the contract tonnage and the contract price under the NCSA are subject to adjustment in accordance with a financial model agreed between Stanwell and us. In summary, we have agreed that the total value of the discount received by Stanwell on coal supplied to it under the NCSA should (by the expiry date of the NCSA) be equal to the net present value of A$210 million as at the date of the Supply Deed. The net present value of the deferred consideration was $174.6 million as of December 31, 2019.

See Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Risks related to the Supply Deed with Stanwell may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.”

U.S. Sales and Marketing

Revenues from our U.S. Operations, in the aggregate, represented approximately 33.8% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. Coal revenues from metallurgical and thermal coal sales represented approximately 92.9% and 6.3%, respectively, of total revenues from our U.S. Operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.

We sell metallurgical coal products from our U.S. Operations primarily to export markets, as well as to North American steel producers and coke producers. We sold approximately 78.3% of total produced metallurgical coal from our U.S. Operations into the seaborne metallurgical coal markets for the year ended December 31, 2019. The U.S. Operations also produce thermal coal, which is sold predominantly to global export markets, as well as within North America.

Sales from our U.S. Operations to export markets are typically priced with reference to a benchmark index. Our U.S. Operations predominantly access the export metallurgical coal market through Xcoal as the intermediary. In 2019, sales to Xcoal represented approximately 54.2% of revenue from our U.S. Operations. Purchase orders with Xcoal are entered into primarily on an ad hoc (shipment-by-shipment) basis. Xcoal, as well as other customers, typically take ownership of coal upon loading into the rail car and are responsible for handling transportation logistics to the port and beyond.

Sales made by our U.S. Operations’ sales team to North American steel producers are primarily pursuant to annual contracts. These annual contracts reflect fixed prices set for the entire year with reference to several factors, including benchmark export prices and forward curves. The fixed-price nature of these annual contracts provides us with visibility on our future revenues, as compared to spot sales or sales priced with reference to a benchmark index. For 2020, we have entered into annual contracts to sell approximately 2.6 MMt metallurgical coal with North American steel and coke producers. Several legacy contracts were assumed in connection with the Buchanan acquisition, of which one

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 10

Table of Contents

remains and expires in 2020. During periods of stable and rising prices, we strive to take advantage of the spot market. Spot export contracts are negotiated throughout the year. Market sales are pursued depending on available supply and market demand.

For our U.S. Operations, the benchmark pricing is not necessarily indicative of the price we realize for the various qualities of metallurgical coal products that we produce and sell due to various factors, including negotiated shipping costs and discounts based on coal quality. We generally sell our seaborne coal through intermediaries Free on Rail (Incoterms 2010), or F.O.R., and, therefore, our realized price does not include transportation to the seaborne port or costs to transload into a vessel. In addition, we sell a portion of our coal in the U.S. domestic market on annual contracts at fixed prices that do not fluctuate with the benchmarks included in the chart above. Price realization on spot coal sales could also be impacted by other coal producers with available supply of similar qualities of metallurgical coal. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Our profitability depends upon the prices we receive for our coal. Prices for coal are volatile and can fluctuate widely based upon a number of factors beyond our control.”

Transportation

Coal produced at our mining properties is transported to customers by a combination of road, rail, barge and ship. See Item 2. “Properties” for descriptions of the transportation infrastructure available to each of our mining properties. Rail and port services are typically contracted on a long-term, take-or-pay basis in Australia, while these contracts are typically negotiated on a quarterly basis in the United States. See Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information on our take-or-pay obligations.

Australian Operations

For sales of thermal coal to Stanwell, Stanwell is responsible for the transport of coal to the Stanwell Power Station. For 2019, export thermal coal represented approximately 10.6% of total thermal coal sold by our Australian Operations. Our Australian Operations typically sell export coal F.O.B., with the customer paying for transportation from the outbound shipping port.

The majority of Curragh’s export metallurgical coal is railed approximately 300 kilometers to the Port of Gladstone for export via two main port terminals, RG Tanna Coal Terminal, or RGTCT, and Wiggins Island Coal Export Terminal, or WICET. Curragh also has 0.8 MMt of capacity available in the stockpile area at the Port of Gladstone.

Rail Services

Curragh is linked to the Blackwater rail link of the Central Queensland Coal Network, or CQCN, an integrated coal haulage rail system owned and operated by Aurizon Network Pty Ltd., or Aurizon Network. Curragh has secured annual rail haulage capacity of up to 11.0 MMtpa (plus surge capacity) under two long-term rail haulage agreements with Aurizon Operations Limited, or Aurizon Operations.

The RGTCT Coal Transport Services Agreement with Aurizon Operations is for 8.5 MMtpa of haulage capacity to RGTCT. Curragh pays a minimum monthly charge (components of which are payable on a take-or-pay basis), which is calculated with reference to the below-rail access charges, haulage/freight charges, a minimum annual tonnage charge and other charges. The RGTCT Coal Transport Services Agreement terminates on June 30, 2030.

The Wiggins Island Rail Project, or WIRP, Transport Services Agreement with Aurizon Operations is for 1.5 MMtpa of capacity to WICET. This contract is effectively 100% take-or-pay (for a portion of the rail haulage and all capacity access charges). This agreement expires on June 30, 2030.

Port Services

Curragh exports coal through two terminals at the Port of Gladstone, RGTCT and WICET. At RGTCT, we and Gladstone Port Corporation Limited, or GPC, are parties to a coal handling agreement that expires on June 30, 2030. The agreement may be renewed at our request and, subject to certain conditions, GPC is required to agree to the extension if there is capacity at RGTCT to allow the extension. We currently have the right to export between 7.7 MMtpa and 8.7 MMtpa at our nomination on a take-or-pay basis.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 11

Table of Contents

We have a minority interest in WICET Holdings Pty Ltd, whose wholly-owned subsidiary, Wiggins Island Coal Export Terminal Pty Ltd, or WICET Pty Ltd, owns WICET. Other coal producers who export coal through WICET also hold shares in WICET Holdings Pty Ltd. In addition, we and the other coal producers (or shippers) have take-or-pay agreements with WICET Pty Ltd and pay a terminal handling charge to export coal through WICET, which is calculated by reference to WICET’s annual operating costs, as well as finance costs associated with WICET Pty Ltd’s external debt facilities. Our take-or-pay agreement with WICET Pty Ltd, or the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement, provides Curragh with export capacity of 1.5 MMtpa. The WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement is an “evergreen” agreement, with rolling ten-year terms. If we inform WICET Pty Ltd that we do not wish to continue to roll the term of the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement, the term would be set at nine years and the terminal handling charge payable by us would be increased so that our proportion of WICET Pty Ltd’s debt is amortized to nil by the end of that nine-year term.

Under the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement, we are obligated to pay for that capacity via terminal handling charges, whether utilized or not. The terminal handling charge payable by us can be adjusted by WICET Pty Ltd if our share of WICET Pty Ltd’s operational and finance costs increases, including because of increased operational costs or because another shipper defaults and has its capacity reduced to nil. The terminal handling charge is subject to a financing cap set out in the terminal handling charge methodology and has already been reached and is in force. If another shipper defaults under its take-or-pay agreement, each remaining shipper is effectively proportionately liable to pay that defaulting shipper’s share of WICET Pty Ltd’s costs going forward, in the form of increased terminal handling charges.

If we default under the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement, we would be obligated to pay a termination payment to WICET Pty Ltd. The termination payment effectively represents our proportion of WICET Pty Ltd’s total debt outstanding, based on the proportion of our contracted tonnage to the total contracted tonnage of shippers at WICET at the time the payment is triggered. Shippers can also become liable to pay the termination payment where there is a permanent cessation of operations at WICET. Since WICET began shipping export tonnages in April 2015, four WICET Holdings Pty Ltd shareholders have entered into administration and Take-or-Pay Agreements subsequently terminated, resulting in the aggregate contracted tonnage of shippers decreasing from 27 MMtpa to 15.5 MMtpa.

Under the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement, we are required to provide security (which is provided in the form of a bank guarantee). The amount of the security must cover our estimated liabilities as a shipper under the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement for the following twelve-month period. If we are in default under the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement and are subject to a termination payment, WICET Pty Ltd can draw on the security and apply it to amounts owing by us. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Risks related to our investment in WICET may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations” and Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information on our take-or-pay obligations.

During 2019, Coronado entered into an Agreement with Washpool Coal Pty Ltd for assignment of their WICET capacity of 1.6 MMt per annum, on a take-or-pay basis for a term to June 30, 2022, at market rates.

U.S. Operations

Our U.S. Operations’ domestic contracts are generally priced F.O.R. at the mine with customers bearing the transportation costs from the mine to the applicable end user. For direct sales to export customers, we hold the transportation contract and are responsible for the cost to the export facility, and the export customer is responsible for the transportation/freight cost from the export facility to the destination. A large portion of our U.S. export sales are made through Xcoal and other intermediaries. For these sales, Xcoal or the intermediary typically take ownership of the coal as it is loaded into the railcar. The intermediary is responsible for the rail transportation and port costs.

Rail Services

Our U.S. Operations are served by Northfork Southern and CSX Transportation railroads. In 2019, we shipped approximately 97.5% of our total shipments via rail from our U.S. mining properties.

Northfork Southern railroad serves our Buchanan mining property and transports Buchanan’s coal to Lamberts Point Coal Terminal Pier 6 and to CNX Marine Terminal for export customers and either directly to the customers or to barge loading docks for domestic customers.

CSX Transportation railroad serves our Logan and Greenbrier mining properties. CSX transports Logan and Greenbrier’s coal to Kinder Morgan Pier IX Terminal or CNX Marine Terminal or Dominion Terminal Associates (DTA) for export customers and either directly to the customers or to barge loading docks for domestic customers.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 12

Table of Contents

Port Services

Norfolk Southern’s Lamberts Point Coal Terminal Pier 6 is the largest coal loading facility in the Northern Hemisphere with 48 million tons of annual export capacity and is the main terminal at the Lamberts Point located in Norfolk, Virginia. Kinder Morgan’s Pier IX is a coal export terminal with an annual export capacity of 16 million tons located in the Port of Hampton Roads in Newport News, Virginia.

Our U.S. Operations have dedicated inventory capacity and one million net tons per year of contractual throughput capacity at the Kinder Morgan Pier IX Terminal. Our U.S. Operations also have alternate port access through CNX Marine Terminal which is a transshipping terminal at the Port of Baltimore owned by CONSOL Energy.

DTA Terminal is a coal export terminal located in the Port of Hampton Roads in Newport News, Virginia. DTA Terminal is 65% owned by Contura Energy and 35% by Arch Coal and has annual export capacity of 22 MMt.

Kanawha River Terminal is a Norfolk Southern/CSX-served coal terminal located on the Ohio River at mile marker 314.5, Ceredo, West Virginia.

Suppliers

The principal goods we purchase in support of our mining activities are mining equipment, replacement parts, diesel fuel, natural gas, ammonium-nitrate and emulsion-based explosives, off-road tires, steel-related products (including roof control materials), lubricants and electricity. As a general matter, we have many well-established, strategic relationships with our key suppliers of goods and do not believe that we are dependent on any of our individual suppliers.

We also depend on several major pieces of mining equipment and facilities to produce and transport coal, including, but not limited to, longwall mining systems, continuous miners, draglines, dozers, excavators, shovels, haul trucks, conveyors, coal preparation plants, or CPPs, and rail loading and blending facilities. Obtaining and repairing these major pieces of equipment and facilities often involves long lead times. We strive to extend the lives of existing equipment and facilities through maintenance practices and equipment rebuilds in order to defer the requirement for larger capital purchases. We continue to use our global leverage with major suppliers to ensure security of supply to meet the requirements of our active mines. See Item 2. “Properties” for more information about operations at our mining properties.

We use contractors and other third parties for exploration, mining and other services, generally, and are reliant on a number of third parties for the success of our current operations and the advancement of our development projects.

Thiess Mining Services Contract

We currently use Thiess Pty Ltd, or Thiess, as our primary mining contractor for our Australian Operations.

We are party to a long-term mining contract with Thiess, dated February 15, 2010, and we recently agreed to an extension with Thiess in relation to the Part A Services (defined below), which commenced on January 1, 2020. Thiess is engaged to provide hydraulic excavator overburden and coal mining, pit dewatering, run of mine rehandling services and maintenance of Coronado owned heavy mobile equipment at the Curragh North operation until December 31, 2025, referred to as Part A Services; and to provide rope shovel overburden removal using Coronado’s rope shovel and Thiess supplied ultra-class truck services until March 31, 2021, referred to as Part B Services. At any time in relation to Part B and at any time after December 31, 2020 in relation to Part A, the services can be terminated for convenience, subject to a lump-sum termination payment.

At the end of the term of the Part B Services or upon earlier termination of the contract for the portion of the services comprised by Part B, we must purchase from Thiess all of the ultra-class trucks at a price determined in accordance with the contract

Competition

We operate in a very competitive environment. We compete with domestic and international coal producers, traders and brokers. We compete on price, coal quality, transportation, optionality, reputation and reliability. Demand for metallurgical coal and the prices that we will be able to obtain for our metallurgical coal are highly competitive and are determined predominantly by world markets, which are affected by numerous factors, including: general global, regional and local economic activity; changes in demand for steel and energy; industrial production levels; short-term constraints, including weather incidents; changes in the supply of seaborne coal; technological changes; changes in international

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 13

Table of Contents

freight or other transportation infrastructure rates and costs; the costs of other commodities and substitutes for coal; market changes in coal quality requirements; government regulations which restrict, or increase the cost of, using coal; tariffs imposed by countries, including the United States, on the import of certain steel products and any retaliatory tariffs by other countries; and tax impositions on the resources industry, all of which are outside of our control. In addition, coal prices are highly dependent on the outlook for coal consumption in large Asian economies, such as China, Japan, South Korea and India, as well as any changes in government policy regarding coal or energy in those countries.

In developing our business plan and operating budget, we make certain assumptions regarding future metallurgical coal prices, coal demand and coal supply. The prices we receive for our metallurgical coal depend on numerous market factors beyond our control. Accordingly, some underlying coal price assumptions relied on by us may materially change and actual coal prices and demand may differ materially from those expected. Our business, operating and financial performance, including cash flows and asset values, may be materially and adversely affected by short- or long-term volatility in the prevailing prices of our products.

Competition in the coal industry is based on many factors, including, among others, world supply price, production capacity, coal quality and characteristics, transportation capability and costs, blending capability, brand name and diversified operations. We are subject to competition from producers in Australia, the United States, Canada, Russia, Mongolia and other coal producing countries. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors—We face significant competition, which could adversely affect profitability.”

Working Capital

We generally fund our working capital requirements through a combination of existing cash and cash equivalents and proceeds from the sale of our coal production to customers. Our secured multi-currency revolving syndicated facility agreement, dated September 15, 2018 and as amended on September 11, 2019, or the Syndicated Facility Agreement, is available to fund our working capital requirements to the extent we have remaining availability. As of December 31, 2019, we had $26.6 million of cash available and $330.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our Syndicated Facility Agreement. To date, we have used cash flow from operations and borrowings under our Syndicated Facility Agreement to fund our activities and to pay dividends and other distributions to stockholders and CDI holders on the ASX. We expect to fund future dividend payments from available cash on hand or borrowings. See Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information regarding working capital.

Employees

We had approximately 1,765 employees as of December 31, 2019. In addition, as of December 31, 2019, there were approximately 2,229 contractors supplementing the permanent workforce, primarily at Curragh.

As of December 31, 2019, approximately 12% of our total employees, all at our Australian Operations, were covered by a single, federally-certified collective Enterprise Agreement, or the EA, for mining and maintenance employees. The EA links us with; the Automotive, Food, Metals, Engineering, Printing and Kindred Industries Union; the Construction, Forestry, Maritime, Mining and Energy Union; the Communications, Electrical, Electronic, Energy, Information, Postal, Plumbing and Allied Services Union of Australia; and our employees performing mining and operational functions. In May 2019, the Australian Fair Work Commission approved the Curragh Mine Enterprise Agreement 2019. This EA has a nominal expiration date of May 26, 2022 and will remain in place until replaced or terminated by the Fair Work Commission. Our U.S. Operations employ a 100% non-union labor force.

Regulatory Matters—Australia

Our Australian Operations are regulated by the laws and regulations of the Commonwealth of Australia, or Cth, the State of Queensland, or Qld, and local jurisdictions. Most environmental laws are promulgated at the state level, but the Australian federal government has a role in approval of actions which have national environmental significance. In Queensland, the environmental laws relevant to coal mining include development legislation, pollution, waste, ecosystem protection, land contamination and rehabilitation legislation. In addition, the Australian federal government regulates foreign investment and export approvals.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 14

Table of Contents

Tenements

We control the coal mining rights at Curragh under 14 coal and infrastructure mining leases, or MLs, and three mineral development licenses, or MDLs, granted pursuant to the Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld). We refer to the MLs and MDLs at Curragh, collectively, as the Tenements. Renewal of certain Tenements will be required during the mine life of Curragh and the Queensland government can vary the terms and conditions on renewal. There are a number of existing mining and petroleum tenements which overlap with the Tenements. The priority, consent and coordination requirements under the Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld), the Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004 (Qld) and Mineral and Energy Resources (Common Provisions) Act 2014 (Qld) (as relevant) may apply with respect to those overlaps. Extensive statutory protocols govern the relationships between co-existing mining and exploration rights and these protocols are largely focused on encouraging the overlapping tenement holders to negotiate and formulate arrangements that enable the co-existence of their respective interests. See Item 2. “Properties” for more information regarding the Tenements.

Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld)

The Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld) and the Mineral and Energy Resources (Common Provisions) Act 2014 (Qld), together, provide for the assessment, development and utilization of mineral resources in Queensland to the maximum extent practicable, consistent with sound economic and land use management. The Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld) vests ownership of minerals, with limited exceptions, in the Crown (i.e., the state government). A royalty is payable to the Crown for the right to extract minerals. The Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld) creates different tenures for different mining activities, such as prospecting, exploring and mining. A ML is the most important tenure, as it permits the extraction of minerals in conjunction with other required authorities. The Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld) imposes general conditions on a ML.

A person who is the holder of a ML must keep the records necessary to enable the royalty payable by the person to be ascertained. The royalty payable on the value of coal sold, disposed of or used (post October 1, 2012) is as set out below:

•if the average price per Mt is A$100 or less: 7%;

•if the average price per Mt is more than A$100 but less than or equal to A$150: 7% on the first A$100 and 12.5% on the balance of the average price per Mt; and

•if the average price per Mt is A$150 or more: 7% on the first A$100, 12.5% on the next A$50 and 15% on the balance of the price per Mt.

The royalty payable for coal sold, disposed of or used in a return period is then calculated by multiplying the royalty rate by the value of the coal. Queensland Office of State Revenue Royalty Ruling MRA001.1 contains details on the costs that can (and cannot) be deducted when calculating the applicable royalty and the method for determining the value of the coal. Where there is a change in legislation or case law that affects the content of a royalty ruling, the change in the law overrides the royalty ruling—i.e., the Commissioner will determine the royalty liability in accordance with the changed law. See Item 2. “Properties” for a discussion of the royalties currently applicable to Curragh.

Mining Rehabilitation (Reclamation)

Mine closure and rehabilitation risks and costs are regulated by Queensland state legislation.

Amongst other things, an Environmental Authority Holder, or EA Holder, must provide the Queensland State Government with financial assurance for the purpose of drawing upon in the event that an EA Holder defaults on its obligations to rehabilitate the mine site.

The Mineral and Energy Resources (Financial Provisioning) Act 2018 (Qld), or the Financial Provisioning Act, which was enacted on November 15, 2018, became effective on April 1, 2019. The purpose of the Financial Provisioning Act is to amend the existing financial assurance provisions of the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld) by creating a financial provisioning scheme, or the Scheme, from which the Department of Environment and Science, or the DES, will source funds to rehabilitate and remediate land subject to mining.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 15

Table of Contents

Under the Financial Provisioning Act, all mine operators will be required to make a submission to the DES in respect of an Estimated Rehabilitation Cost, or ERC, for the mine site. The ERC must be determined using the DES-approved ERC calculator. ERCs could be about 10% higher than current financial assurances, as the DES’s new calculator could incorporate a 10% project management cost. Using this information, the DES will set the ERC for the mine. The DES will provide the ERC to the manager of the Scheme, or the Scheme Manager. The Scheme Manager will undertake a risk assessment of the mine, which will be based upon independent advice from a scheme risk advisor. It will include detail on the mine operator’s financial soundness and credit rating, characteristics of the mining operation (e.g., life of mine, or LOM, and off-take agreements), rehabilitation history, environmental compliance history and the submission made by the company. Risk categories will include high, moderate, low and very low. If the ERC and risk categories are set at moderate, low or very low for a mine, then there will be a need to pay an annual contribution based on a small percentage of the ERC to the Scheme. If the category is high, then the operation will provide a surety for the whole ERC and possibly a contribution to the Scheme. The risk assessment of the mine and, therefore, the amount of the contribution to the fund will be assessed and paid annually in perpetuity, or until a clearance certificate is obtained. The transitional arrangements provide that a mine’s existing financial assurance will be deemed to be the ERC. Within three years from the commencement of the scheme, the Scheme Manager will be required to make an initial risk category allocation decision to determine whether the mine will continue to give surety or pay a contribution to the Scheme depending on the value of the ERC, as follows:

1)ERC < A$100,000 - cash surety or bank guarantees

2)ERC = A$100,000 – A$450 million - pay a cash contribution into the Scheme

3)ERC > A$450 million - pay a cash contribution into the Scheme and provide bank guarantees

In September 2019 we requested the Scheme Manager to consider Curragh as an early adopter of the Scheme and to issue an initial risk category allocation. In October 2019 the Scheme Manager completed the assessment of Curragh and issued an initial risk category allocation of Category (2) “Low”. The low rating equates to a contribution to the Scheme of 1% of the ERC.

In October 2019, we paid the cash contribution to the Scheme Manager and the bank guarantees previously provided to the Queensland State Government in accordance with the financial assurance obligations of the Environmental Protection Act were returned to us and the bank guarantees were returned to, and cancelled by, the issuing banks.

The Financial Provisioning Act also introduces a new requirement for a Progressive Rehabilitation and Closure Plan, or a PRC plan, with respect to mined land. This requirement will be integrated into the existing environmental authority processes for new mines, minimizing the regulatory burden on government and industry. All mining projects carried out under a ML that make a site-specific environmental authority application will be required to provide a PRC plan. If approved by the administering authority, a stand-alone PRC plan schedule will be given to the applicant together with the environmental authority. The PRC plan schedule will contain milestones with completion dates for achieving progressive rehabilitation of the mine site. The Financial Provisioning Act provides transitional arrangements for the application of the PRC plan requirement to existing mines. The requirement for a PRC plan commenced on November 1, 2019, or the PRCP start date, however all existing mining operations will only transition into the PRC plan framework once a transition notice is issued by the relevant government department. Transition notices will be issued through a three-year transition period from the PRCP start date. As at December 31, 2019, Curragh was not issued with a transition notice with respect to its PRC plan.

The proposed financial assurance framework has been coupled with the release of a “mined land rehabilitation policy” which was developed in response to community concerns about the quantity and quality of mine site rehabilitation undertaken to date. This policy formalizes the Queensland government’s commitment to ensuring land disturbed by mining activities is rehabilitated to a safe and stable landform that does not cause environmental harm and is able to sustain an approved post-mining land use.

Under the Financial Provisioning Act we will need to prepare a PRC plan for Curragh that will include binding, time-based milestones for actions that achieve progressive rehabilitation and will ultimately support the transition to the mine site’s future use.

The specifics of the reforms and the transitional provisions for existing operators have yet to be finalized. Once finalized however they will be delivered through legislative amendments to the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld).

Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld)

The primary legislation regulating environmental management of mining activities in Queensland is the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld). Its object is to protect Queensland’s environment while allowing for

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 16

Table of Contents

development that improves the total quality of life, both now and in the future, in a way that maintains ecologically sustainable development. Under the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld), it is an offense to carry out a mining activity unless the person holds or is acting under an environmental authority for the activity. The environmental authority imposes conditions on a project. It is an offense to contravene a condition of an environmental authority. In addition to the requirements found in the conditions of an environmental authority, the holder must also meet its general environmental duty and duty to notify of environmental harm and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld) and the regulations promulgated thereunder. For example, the following are offenses under the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld):

•causing serious or material environmental harm;

•causing environmental nuisance;

•depositing proscribed water contaminants in waters and related matters; and

•placing contaminants where environmental harm or nuisance may be caused.

The environmental authority holder must also be a registered suitable operator under the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld). We are a registered suitable operator.

We hold environmental authority EPML00643713, which authorizes the mining of black coal, mineral processing, chemical storage, waste disposal and sewage treatment over the 14 MLs at Curragh on certain conditions. Those conditions include requirements in relation to air and water quality, regulated structures (e.g., dams), noise and vibration, waste, land use, rehabilitation and watercourse diversion.

We also hold a range of subsidiary environmental approvals for our Australian Operations.

Queensland environmental legislation is currently subject to legislative reform and change—in particular, with respect to security for environmental performance, rehabilitation and closure. The Environmental Protection (Chain of Responsibility) Amendment Act 2016 (Qld), which became effective on April 27, 2016, gives the DES the power to compel related bodies corporate, executive officers, financiers and shareholders and a select category of “related persons,” to satisfy the environmental obligations of holders of an environmental authority in Queensland. Additionally, the Financial Provisioning Act, which was enacted on November 15, 2018, became effective on April 1, 2019. See “—Mining Rehabilitation (Reclamation)” above for more information regarding the Financial Provisioning Act.

Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 (Qld)

The Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 (Qld) imposes a duty of care on all persons to take all reasonable and practicable measures to ensure that any activity conducted does not harm Aboriginal cultural heritage. Its object is to provide effective recognition, protection and conservation of Aboriginal cultural heritage.

We have obligations relating to Aboriginal cultural heritage with respect to a number of cultural heritage objects and areas located within the area of the Tenements. We work closely with the Aboriginal people to manage the cultural heritage objects, areas or evidence of archaeological significance, within our mining operations. We are party to a Cultural Heritage Management Plan (and associated Cultural Services Agreement) with the Gaangalu Nation People that applies to all of the Tenements. The plan establishes a coordinating committee and sets out the steps to be followed to manage activities that may impact Aboriginal cultural heritage.

Native Title Act 1993 (Cth)

The Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), or NTA, sets out procedures under which native title claims may be lodged and determined and compensation claimed for the extinguishment or impairment of the native title rights or interests of Aboriginal peoples. Its object is to provide for the recognition and protection of native title, to establish ways in which future dealings affecting native title may proceed and to set standards for those dealings, to establish a mechanism for determining claims to native title and to provide for, or permit, the validation of past acts, and intermediate period acts, invalidated because of the existence of native title.

With respect to MLs and MDLs granted under the Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld) on state land where native title has not been extinguished, a principle known as the non-extinguishment principle governs. Broadly, under this principle, native title rights are suspended while the mining tenure, as renewed from time to time, is in force. The grant (or

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 17

Table of Contents

renewal) of a mining tenure in respect of land where native title may exist must comply with the NTA to ensure the validity of the tenure. Registered native title claimants have certain notification, consultation and negotiation rights relating to mining tenures. Where native title is extinguished (i.e., freehold land), the NTA does not apply.

Regional Planning Interests

In June 2014, the Strategic Cropping Land Act 2011 (Qld) was repealed by the Regional Planning Interests Act 2014 (Qld), or the RPI Act. The RPI Act manages the impact of resource activities and other regulated activities in areas of the state that contribute, or are likely to contribute, to Queensland’s economic, social and environmental prosperity (e.g., competing land use activities on prime farming land). The RPI Act identifies areas of Queensland that are of regional interest, including strategic cropping areas and strategic environmental areas. Under the RPI Act, conducting a resource activity in an area of regional interest requires a regional interest development approval, unless operating under an exemption. Importantly, pre-existing mining activities being undertaken at the date of the introduction of the legislation are exempt.

We applied for and were granted a regional interest development approval for the “Curragh Extension Project” (for MDL 162), which is subject to regional interest conditions, such as mitigation. Certain protection conditions were also imposed on us with respect to our application for ML 80171 (which has since been granted). These include an obligation to provide mitigation in the event that strategic cropping land is impacted by future operations.

Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth)

The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth), or the EPBC Act, provides a federal framework to protect and manage matters of national environmental significance, such as listed threatened species and ecological communities and water resources. In addition, the EPBC Act confers jurisdiction over actions that have a significant impact on the environment where the actions affect, or are taken on, Commonwealth land, or are carried out by a Commonwealth agency.

Under the EPBC Act, “controlled actions” that have or are likely to have a significant impact on a matter of national environmental significance are subject to a rigorous assessment and approval process. A person must not take a “controlled action” unless approval is granted under the EPBC Act. Any person proposing to carry out an “action” that may be a “controlled action” must refer the matter to the Commonwealth Minister for a determination as to whether the proposed action is a controlled action.

On November 2, 2016, the Commonwealth Minister for the Department of the Environment and Energy administering the EPBC Act approved the extension of the existing Curragh mining area to include mining four additional Tenements—ML 700006, ML 700007, ML 700008 and ML 700009 (EPBC Act referral 2015/7508)—as a “controlled action,” on certain conditions. The conditions include requirements in relation to air quality, noise and vibration, land use, watercourse diversions, offsets and water quality.

Mine Health and Safety

The primary health and safety legislation that applies to Curragh are the Coal Mining Safety and Health Act 1999 (Qld) and the Coal Mining Safety and Health Regulation 2001 (Qld), which we refer to, together, as the Coal Mining Safety Legislation.

Additional legislative requirements apply to operations that are carried on off-site or which are not principally related to coal mining (e.g., transport, rail operations, etc.). The Coal Mining Safety Legislation imposes safety and health obligations on persons who operate coal mines or who may affect the safety or health of others at coal mines. Under the Coal Mining Safety Legislation, the operator of a coal mine must, among other things:

•ensure that the risk to coal mine workers while at the operator’s mine is at an acceptable level;

•audit and review the effectiveness and implementation of the safety and health management system to ensure the risk to persons is at an acceptable level;

•provide adequate resources to ensure the effectiveness and implementation of the safety and health management system;

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 18

Table of Contents

•ensure the operator’s own safety and health and the safety and health of others is not affected by the way the operator conducts coal mining operations;

•not carry out an activity at the coal mine that creates a risk to a person on an adjacent or overlapping petroleum authority if the risk is higher than an acceptable level of risk;

•appoint a site senior executive for the mine;

•ensure the site senior executive develops and implements a safety and health management system for all people at the mine;

•ensure the site senior executive develops, implements and maintains a management structure for the mine that helps ensure the safety and health of persons at the mine; and

•not operate the coal mine without a safety and health management system for the mine.

We recognize that health and safety are imperative to the ongoing success of our Australian Operations. As the operator at Curragh, we have in place a comprehensive safety and health management system, which includes an emergency response team, to address these legislative requirements. Following recent amendments to the Coal Mining Safety Legislation to address new cases of or coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, or black lung disease, in Queensland, we have also established an occupational hygiene baseline for dust exposure at Curragh.

Water Act 2000 (Qld)

In Queensland, all entitlements to the use, control and flow of water are vested in the state and regulated by the Water Act 2000 (Qld). Allocations under the Water Act 2000 (Qld) can be managed by a water supply scheme operator, such as SunWater Ltd., which is a Government-owned corporation regulated by the Queensland Competition Authority. We have purchased the required water allocations for Curragh and entered into a suite of related channel and pipeline infrastructure agreements and river supply agreements with SunWater Ltd. to regulate the supply of water pursuant to these allocations. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors—In times of drought and/or shortage of available water, our operations and production, particularly at Curragh, could be negatively impacted if the regulators impose restrictions on our water offtake licenses that are required for water used in the CPPs.”

National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth).

The National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth) imposes requirements for both foreign and local corporations whose carbon dioxide production, greenhouse gas, or GHG, emissions and/or energy consumption meets a certain threshold to register and report GHG emissions and abatement actions, as well as energy production and consumption as part of a single, national reporting system. The Clean Energy Regulator administers the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth), and the Department of Environment and Energy is responsible for related policy developments and review.

On July 1, 2016, amendments to the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth) implemented the Emissions Reduction Fund Safeguard Mechanism. From that date, large designated facilities such as coal mines are assigned a baseline for their covered emissions and must take steps to keep their emissions at or below the baseline or face penalties.

Labor Relations

Minimum employment entitlements, embodied in the National Employment Standards, apply to all private-sector employees and employers in Australia under the federal Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth). These standards regulate employment conditions and paid leave. Employees who are associated with the day-to-day operations of a local mine or mines and who are not located in head office or corporate administration offices are also covered by the Black Coal Mining Industry Award 2010 which regulates conditions including termination arrangements; pay and hours of work.

Unfair dismissal, enterprise bargaining, bullying claims, industrial actions and resolution of workplace disputes are also regulated under state and federal legislation. Some of the workers at Curragh are covered by the EA, which was approved by the Fair Work Commission, Australia’s national workplace relations tribunal. See “—Employees” above.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 19

Table of Contents

Regulatory Matters—United States

Federal, state and local authorities regulate the U.S. coal mining industry with respect to matters such as employee health and safety, protection of the environment, permitting and licensing requirements, air quality standards, water pollution, plant and wildlife protection, the reclamation and restoration of mining properties after mining has been completed, the discharge of materials into the environment, surface subsidence from underground mining and the effects of mining on groundwater quality and availability. In addition, the industry is affected by significant requirements mandating certain benefits for current and retired coal miners. Numerous federal, state and local governmental permits and approvals are required for mining operations. Because of extensive and comprehensive regulatory requirements, violations during mining operations occur from time to time in the industry. The summary below is a non-exhaustive summary of material legislation that applies to our U.S. Operations. Although this summary focuses on federal laws, most states (including Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania) have their own regulatory schemes that either mirror federal laws or create additional layers of regulation.

Clean Air Act of 1970

The U.S. Clean Air Act of 1970, or the CAA, regulates airborne pollution that may be potentially detrimental to human health, the environment or natural resources. The CAA and comparable state laws that govern air emissions affect U.S. coal mining operations both directly and indirectly.

Direct impacts on coal mining and processing operations may occur through the CAA permitting requirements and/or emission control requirements relating to particulate matter, or PM, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and sulfur dioxide, or SO₂. In recent years, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA, has adopted more stringent national ambient air quality standards, or NAAQS, for PM, nitrogen oxide, ozone and SO₂. It is possible that these modifications as well as future modifications to NAAQS could directly or indirectly impact our mining operations in a manner that includes, but is not limited to, designating new nonattainment areas or expanding existing nonattainment areas or prompting additional local control measures pursuant to state implementation plans required to address revised NAAQS. The CAA also indirectly, but significantly, affects the U.S. coal industry by extensively regulating the SO₂, nitrogen oxides, mercury, PM and other substances emitted by steel manufacturers, coke ovens and coal-fired utilities.

In particular, in 2009, the EPA adopted revised rules to add more stringent PM emissions limits for coal preparation and processing plants constructed or modified after April 28, 2008. The PM NAAQS was thereafter revised and made more stringent in 2012. The EPA issued final designations for most areas of the country in 2012 and made some revisions in 2015. Individual states must now identify the sources of emissions and develop emission reduction plans. These plans may be state-specific or regional in scope. Under the Clean Air Act, individual states have up to 12 years from the date of designation to secure emissions reductions from sources contributing to the problem.

In 2015, the EPA issued a final rule setting the ozone NAAQS at 70 parts per billion. On November 17, 2016, the EPA issued a proposed implementation rule on non-attainment area classification and state implementation plans, or SIPs. The EPA published a final rule in November 2017 that issued area designations with respect to ground-level ozone for approximately 35% of the U.S. counties, designating them as either “attainment/unclassifiable” or “unclassifiable.” In April 2018 and July 2018, the EPA issued ozone designations for all areas not addressed in the November 2017 rule. States with moderate or high nonattainment areas must submit SIPs by October 2021.

This final rule was challenged in the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit; however, the case was held in abeyance pending the EPA’s review of the final rule. On March 1, 2018, the EPA issued a final rule establishing the air quality thresholds that define classifications for areas designated nonattainment for the 2015 NAAQS for ozone and establishing the attainment deadline associated with each classification. In August 2018, EPA announced that it would not revise the 2015 Ozone NAAQS. As a result, the lawsuit was revived and arguments occurred in December 2018. On December 6, 2018, EPA issued a rule finalizing nonattainment area and ozone transport region implementation requirements for the 2015 Ozone NAAQS. More stringent ozone standards require new state implementation plans to be developed and filed with the EPA and may trigger additional control technology for mining equipment or result in additional challenges to permitting and expansion efforts. This could also be the case with respect to the implementation for other NAAQS for nitrogen oxide and SO2.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 20

Table of Contents

Clean Water Act of 1972

The U.S. Clean Water Act of 1972, or the CWA, and corresponding state law governs the discharge of toxic and non-toxic pollutants into the waters of the United States. CWA requirements may directly or indirectly affect U.S. coal mining operations.

Water Discharge. The CWA and corresponding state laws affect coal mining operations by imposing restrictions on discharges of wastewater into waters of the United States through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, or NPDES. These restrictions often require us to pre-treat the wastewater prior to discharging it. NPDES permits require regular monitoring, reporting and compliance with effluent limitations. New requirements under the CWA and corresponding state laws may cause us to incur significant additional costs that could adversely affect our operating results.

Dredge and Fill Permits. Many mining activities, such as the development of refuse impoundments, fresh water impoundments, refuse fills, and other similar structures, may result in impacts to waters of the United States, including wetlands, streams and, in certain instances, man-made conveyances that have a hydrologic connection to such streams or wetlands. Under the CWA, coal companies are also required to obtain a Section 404 permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, or USACE, prior to conducting mining activities, such as the development of refuse and slurry impoundments, fresh water impoundments, refuse fills and other similar structures that may affect waters of the United States, including wetlands, streams and, in certain instances, man-made conveyances that have a hydrologic connection to streams or wetlands. The USACE is authorized to issue general “nationwide” permits for specific categories of activities that are similar in nature and that are determined to have minimal adverse effects on the environment. Permits issued pursuant to Nationwide Permit 21 generally authorize the disposal of dredged and fill material from surface coal mining activities into waters of the United States, subject to certain restrictions. The USACE may also issue individual permits for mining activities that do not qualify for Nationwide Permit 21.

Clean Water Rule. Recent regulatory actions and court decisions have created some uncertainty over the scope of CWA jurisdiction. On June 29, 2015, the EPA and the USACE jointly promulgated final rules, collectively known as the Clean Water Rule, or the CWR, redefining the scope of waters protected under the CWA, revising regulations that had been in place for more than 25 years. These rules expanded the scope of CWA jurisdiction, making discharges into more bodies of water subject to the CWA’s permitting and other requirements. Following the CWR’s promulgation, numerous industry groups, states, and environmental groups challenged the CWR. On October 9, 2015, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit stayed the CWR’s implementation nationwide, pending further action in court. Further, on February 28, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order directing the relevant executive agencies to review the CWR, and on July 27, 2017, the EPA and the USACE published a proposed rule to rescind the CWR. On January 22, 2018, the Supreme Court reversed the Sixth Circuit’s decision, ruling that jurisdiction over challenges to the CWR rests with the federal district courts and not with the appellate courts, which was followed by the dissolution of the stay by the Sixth Circuit, and on February 6, 2018, in response to the January 2018 Supreme Court decision, the agencies published a final rule to postpone the adoption of CWR and maintain the status quo (the pre-2015 rule) through February 6, 2020 pending the agencies’ review of the CWR. Multiple states and environmental groups have filed challenges to this delay. However, on August 16, 2018, the federal court in South Carolina enjoined the February 6, 2018 rule, effectively reinstating the CWR in Virginia and Pennsylvania (where we have operations) and in 24 other states. The injunction is being challenged on appeal. However, our West Virginia operations remain unaffected by the CWR, due to separate injunctions issued by federal courts in Georgia and North Dakota applicable to West Virginia and 23 other states. Most recently, on December 28, 2018, the EPA and the USACE published a proposed rule, or the 2018 Proposed Rule, to revise the definition of waters of the United States, which would replace the CWR and shrink the agencies’ jurisdiction, particularly as it relates to tributaries and adjacent waters. It is anticipated that the 2018 Proposed Rule, if finalized, will face state and environmental group challenges. It remains unclear when, whether and how the CWR and/or 2018 Proposed Rule will be implemented, and what litigation may result or what impact they may have on our operations.

Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977

The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, or the SMCRA, establishes operational, reclamation and closure standards for all aspects of surface mining and many aspects of underground mining in the United States. Unlike the CAA and the CWA, the SMCRA is primarily concerned with the holistic regulation of coal mining as an industry. Its general environmental standards require surface operations to mine in such a way as to “maximize the utilization and conservation” of coal while using the best technology currently available to minimize land disturbance and adverse impacts on wildlife, fish, and environmental values. The SMCRA requires operators to accomplish these goals by restoring the land to its approximate pre-mining condition and contour.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 21

Table of Contents

The SMCRA implements its environmental standards through “cooperative federalism.” Under the SMCRA, a state may submit a qualifying surface mining regulatory scheme to the U.S. Office of Surface Mining, or the OSM, and request to exert exclusive jurisdiction over surface mining activities within its territory. If a state does not have a surface mining regulatory scheme that meets or exceeds the surface mining standards under the SMCRA and OSM regulations, or if mining on federal lands is involved, the OSM will impose federal regulations on surface mining in that state. Each of Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, where our Buchanan, Logan, Greenbrier and Pangburg-Shaner-Fallow Field operations are based, has adopted qualifying surface mining regulatory schemes and has primary jurisdiction over surface mining activities within their respective territories. However, even if a state gains approval for its surface mining regulatory program, the OSM retains significant federal oversight, including the ability to perform inspections of all surface mining sites to ensure state program and mine operator compliance with federal minimum standards. The OSM and its state counterparts also oversee and evaluate standards of:

•performance (both during operations and during reclamation);

•permitting (applications must describe the pre-mining environmental conditions and land use, the intended mining and reclamation standards, and the post-mining use);

•financial assurance (the SMCRA requires that mining companies post a bond sufficient to cover the cost of reclaiming the site, and the bond is not released until mining is complete, the land has been reclaimed and the OSM has approved the release);

•inspection and enforcement (including the issuance of notices of violation and the placement of a mining operation, its owners and controllers on a federal database known as the Applicant Violator System, meaning that such person or entity is blocked from obtaining future mining permits); and

•land restrictions (the SMCRA prohibits surface mining on certain lands and also allows citizens to challenge surface mining operations on the grounds that they will cause a negative environmental impact).

Regulations under the SMCRA and its state analogues provide that a mining permit or modification can, under certain circumstances, be delayed, refused or revoked if we or any entity that owns or controls us or is under common ownership or control with us have unabated permit violations or have been the subject of permit or reclamation bond revocation or suspension.

Under SMCRA and its state law counterparts, all coal mining applications must include mandatory “ownership and control” information, which generally includes listing the names of the operator’s officers and directors, and its principal stockholders owning 10% or more of its voting shares, among others. Ownership and control reporting requirements are designed to allow regulatory review of any entities or persons deemed to have ownership or control of a coal mine, and bar the granting of a coal mining permit to any such entity or person (including any “owner and controller”) who has had a mining permit revoked or suspended, or a bond or similar security forfeited within the five-year period preceding a permit application or application for a permit revision. Similarly, regulatory agencies also block the issuance of permits to applicants, their owners or their controlling persons, who have outstanding permit violations that have not been timely abated.

These regulations define certain relationships, such as owning over 50% of stock in an entity or having the authority to determine the manner in which the entity conducts mining operations, as constituting ownership and control. Certain other relationships are presumed to constitute ownership or control, including among others, the following:

•being an officer or director of an entity;

•being the operator of the coal mining operation;

•having the ability to commit the financial or real property assets or working resources of the permittee or operator; and

•owning of record 10% or more of the mining operator.

This presumption, in some cases, can be rebutted where the person or entity can demonstrate that it in fact does not or did not have authority directly or indirectly to determine the manner in which the relevant coal mining operation is conducted.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 22

Table of Contents

We must file an ownership and control notice each time an entity obtains a 10% or greater interest in us. If we or entities or persons deemed to have ownership of control of us have unabated violations of SMCRA or its state law counterparts, have a coal mining permit suspended or revoked, or forfeit a reclamation bond, we and our owners and controllers may be prohibited from obtaining new coal mining permits, or amendments to existing permits, until such violations or other matters are corrected. This is known as being “permit-blocked.” Additionally, if an owner or controller of us is deemed an owner or controller of other mining companies, we could be permit-blocked based upon the violations of, or permit-blocked status of, an owner or controller of such other mining companies. If our owner or controller were to become permit blocked, this could adversely affect production from our properties.

In recent years, the permitting required for coal mining has been the subject of increasingly stringent regulatory and administrative requirements and extensive activism and litigation by environmental groups.

For our U.S. Operations, we meet our reclamation bonding requirements by posting surety bonds and participation in the state of Virginia bond pool. Our total amount of reclamation surety bonds outstanding was approximately $28.2 million as of December 31, 2019. The bond requirements for a mine represent the calculated cost to reclaim the current operations if it ceased to operate in the current period. The cost calculation for each bond must be completed according to the regulatory authority of each state.

The SMCRA Abandoned Mine Land Fund requires a fee on all coal produced in the United States. The proceeds are used to rehabilitate lands mined and left unreclaimed prior to August 3, 1977 and to pay health care benefit costs of orphan beneficiaries of the Combined Fund created by the Coal Industry Retiree Health Benefit Act of 1992. The fee amount can change periodically based on changes in federal legislation. Pursuant to the Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006, from October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2021, the fee is $0.31 and $0.13 per Mt of surface-mined and underground-mined coal, respectively. See Item 2. “Properties” for information regarding reclamation and other taxes applicable to our U.S. mining properties.

While SMCRA is a comprehensive statute, SMCRA does not supersede the need for compliance with other major environmental statutes, including the Endangered Species Act of 1973, or the ESA, CAA, CWA, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, or the RCRA, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, or CERCLA.

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, or NEPA, applies to mining operations or permitting requirements that require federal approvals and requires a lengthy environmental impact statement. NEPA also defines the processes for evaluating and communicating environmental consequences of federal decisions and actions, such as the permitting of new mine development on federal lands. U.S. coal mining companies must provide information to agencies with respect to proposed actions that will be under the authority of the federal government. The NEPA process involves public participation and can involve lengthy timeframes. The White House Council on Environmental Quality issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking in June 2018 seeking comment on a number of ways to streamline and improve the NEPA process. The comment period closed in August 2018. It is unclear how far reaching the changes will be and if they will be able to withstand expected court challenges.

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976

The RCRA regulates the treatment, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes. While many mining wastes such as overburden and coal cleaning wastes are exempt from RCRA hazardous waste regulations, certain wastes may be subject to RCRA’s requirements. RCRA also governs underground storage tanks containing hazardous substances and petroleum products, which are used in some coal mining operations, although we do not have underground storage tanks associated with our U.S. Operations.

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980

CERCLA authorizes the federal government and private parties to recover costs to address threatened or actual releases of hazardous substances (broadly defined) that may endanger public health or the environment. Strict joint and several and retroactive liability may be imposed on waste generators and facility owners and operators, regardless of fault or the legality of the original disposal activity. We could face liability under CERCLA and similar state laws for properties that (1) we currently own, lease or operate, (2) we, our predecessors, or former subsidiaries have previously owned, leased

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 23

Table of Contents

or operated, (3) sites to which we, our predecessors or former subsidiaries, sent waste materials, and (4) sites at which hazardous substances from our facilities’ operations have otherwise come to be located.

Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977

The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, or the Mine Act, which was amended by the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006, or the MINER Act, governs federal oversight of mine safety and authorizes the U.S. Department of Labor’s Mine Safety and Health Administration, or MSHA, to regulate and enforce the same. The comprehensive scope of the Mine Act mandates four annual inspections of underground coal mines, two annual inspections of all surface coal mines, miner training, mine rescue teams for all underground mines, and involvement of miners and their representatives in health and safety activities. The MINER Act requires mine-specific emergency response plans in underground coal mines, implemented new regulations regarding mine rescue teams and sealing of abandoned areas, requires prompt notification of mine accidents, and enhanced civil penalties for violations. Since passage of the MINER Act enforcement scrutiny has increased, including more inspection hours at mine sites, increased numbers of inspections and increased issuance of the number and severity of enforcement actions and related penalties. Various states also have enacted their own new laws and regulations addressing many of these same subjects. MSHA continues to interpret and implement various provisions of the MINER Act, along with introducing new proposed regulations and standards. For example, the second phase of MSHA’s respirable coal mine dust rule went into effect in February 2016 and requires increased sampling frequency and the use of continuous personal dust monitors. In August 2016, the third and final phase of the rule became effective, reducing the overall respirable dust standard in coal mines from 2.0 to 1.5 milligrams per cubic meter of air.

Black Lung (Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis)

The Mine Act amended the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, which is the legislation that mandates compensation for miners who were totally and permanently disabled by the progressive respiratory disease caused by coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, or black lung. Under current federal law, a U.S. coal mine operator must pay federal black lung benefits and medical expenses to claimants who are current employees, and to claimants who are former employees who last worked for the operator after July 1, 1973, and whose claims for benefits are allowed. Coal mine operators must also make payments to a trust fund for the payment of benefits and medical expenses to claimants who last worked in the coal industry prior to July 1, 1973. The trust fund is funded by an excise tax on sales of U.S. production, excluding export sales, of up to $1.21 per Mt for deep-mined coal and up to $0.61 per Mt for surface-mined coal, each limited to 4.4% of the gross sales price. Starting in 2019, under current law, these tax rates are scheduled to be $0.61 per Mt of underground-mined coal or $0.31 per Mt of surface-mined coal, limited to 2% of the sales price. Our total excise taxes paid to this trust fund in 2019 were $0.9 million. Historically, very few of the miners who sought federal black lung benefits were awarded these benefits; however, the approval rate has increased following implementation of black lung provisions contained in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, or the Affordable Care Act. The Affordable Care Act introduced significant changes to the federal black lung program, including an automatic survivor benefit paid upon the death of a miner with an awarded black lung claim, and established a rebuttable presumption with regard to pneumoconiosis among miners with 15 or more years of coal mine employment that are totally disabled by a respiratory condition. These changes could have a material impact on our costs expended in association with the federal black lung program. In addition to possibly incurring liability under federal statutes, we may also be liable under state laws for black lung claims. See Note 18 to the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements for further information of applicable insurance coverage.

National Labor Relations Act of 1935

The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, or the NLRA, governs collective bargaining and private sector labor and management practices. While we do not have a unionized workforce in the United States, to the extent that miners want to seek representation or engage in other protected concerted activities, both us and our employees must follow the rules set out in the NLRA and the rules promulgated by the National Labor Relations Board.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010

In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was enacted, impacting the coal mining industry’s costs of providing healthcare benefits to its eligible active employees, with both short-term and long-term implications. In the short term, healthcare costs could increase due to, among other things, an increase in the maximum age for covered dependents to receive benefits, changes to benefits for occupational disease-related illnesses, the elimination of lifetime dollar limits per covered individual and restrictions on annual dollar limits per covered individual. In the long term, the industry’s

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 24

Table of Contents

healthcare costs could increase for these same reasons, as well as due to an excise tax on “high-cost” plans, among other things. However, implementation of this excise tax, which would impose a 40% excise tax on employers to the extent that the value of their healthcare plan coverage exceeds certain dollar thresholds, has been delayed until 2022. It is anticipated that certain governmental agencies will provide additional regulations or interpretations concerning the application of this excise tax.

Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974

The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, or SDWA, is the federal law that protects public drinking water supplies throughout the United States. Under the SDWA, the EPA sets standards for drinking water quality and implements technical and financial programs to ensure drinking water safety. The SDWA can impact coal mining operations in the United States to the extent that the operations could impact drinking water supplies.

Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965

The Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, or SWDA, was the first federal act to target waste disposal technology. The SWDA governs disposal of both municipal and industrial waste, promotes advancement of waste management technology and sets waste management standards.

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966

The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, or NHPA, governs the preservation of historical properties throughout the United States. The NHPA could create an additional level of scrutiny on a coal mining operation, particularly during the permitting process, to the extent that a mining operation could come within the scope of a historical site. The SMCRA also provides protection for historic resources that would be adversely affected by mining operations by requiring the OSM to comply with the NHPA.

Endangered Species Act of 1973

The ESA governs the protection of endangered species in the United States and requires the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to formally review any federally authorized, funded or administered action that could negatively affect endangered or threatened species. The Fish and Wildlife Service studies projects for possible effects to endangered species and then can recommend alternatives or mitigation measures. The OSM and state regulators require mining companies to hire a government-approved contractor to conduct surveys for potential endangered species, and the surveys require approval from state and federal biologists who provide guidance on how to minimize mines’ potential effects on endangered species. Certain endangered species are more typically at issue under the ESA with respect to mining, including the long-eared bat and Guyandotte crayfish, which are found in the CAPP region, including parts of Virginia and West Virginia. Mitigation methods can cause increased costs to coal mining operators. Changes in listings or requirements under these regulations could have a material adverse effect on our costs or our ability to mine some of our properties in accordance with our current mining plans. The U.S. Department of the Interior issued three proposed rules in July 2018 aiming to streamline and update the ESA.

Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 makes it unlawful without a waiver to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill or sell migratory birds. Since coal mining is seen as an industry that can threaten bird populations, coal operators are required to ensure that their operations do not negatively impact migratory birds, or to take mitigation measures.

Regulation of Explosives

Our surface mining operations are subject to numerous regulations relating to blasting activities. Pursuant to these regulations, we incur costs to design and implement blast schedules and to conduct pre-blast surveys and blast monitoring. Specifically, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and Explosives, or ATF, regulates the sale, possession, storage and transportation of explosives in interstate commerce. In addition to ATF regulation, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is evaluating a proposed ammonium nitrate security program rule. The OSM has also proposed a rulemaking addressing nitrogen oxide clouds from blasting.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 25

Table of Contents

Global Climate

The physical and non-physical impacts of climate change may affect our assets, productivity or the markets in which coal is sold. Global climate issues continue to attract considerable public and scientific attention. There is widespread concern about the human contribution to such climate changes, including through the emission of Greenhouse Gas, or GHGs. Emissions from coal consumption (both the use of thermal coal in power generation and through the end use of metallurgical coal by customers in coke plants and in the steelmaking process), emissions from coal production and transportation (predominantly from the combustion of fuel) and emissions from coal mining itself (which can release methane directly into the atmosphere) are subject to pending and proposed regulation as part of initiatives to address global climate change. A number of national governments have already introduced, or are contemplating the introduction of, regulatory responses to GHG emissions, including from the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels, to address the impacts of climate change. This includes Australia and the United States, as well as customer markets such as China, India and Europe.

The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in December 1997 by the signatories to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC, established a binding set of GHG emission targets for developed nations. The United States signed, but did not ratify, the Kyoto Protocol. Australia ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 2007 and became a full member in March 2008. There were discussions to develop a treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol after the expiration of its commitment period in 2012, including at the UNFCCC conferences in Cancun (2010), Durban (2011), Doha (2012) and Paris (2015). At the Durban conference, an ad hoc working group was established to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the UNFCCC, applicable to all parties. At the Doha meeting, an amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was adopted, which included new commitments for certain parties in a second commitment period, from 2013 to 2020. In December 2012, Australia signed on to the second commitment period. During the UNFCCC conference in Paris, France, in late 2015, an agreement, or the Paris Agreement, was adopted calling for voluntary emissions reductions contributions after the second commitment period ends in 2020. The Paris Agreement was entered into force on November 4, 2016 after ratification and execution by more than 55 countries, including Australia, that account for at least 55% of global GHG emissions. On June 1, 2017, the Trump Administration announced that the United States will withdraw from the Paris Agreement. Nevertheless, numerous U.S. governors, mayors and businesses have pledged their commitments to the goals of the Paris Agreement. These commitments could further reduce demand and prices for our coal.

In the United States, Congress has considered legislation addressing global climate issues and GHG emissions, but to date nothing has been enacted. While it is possible that the United States Congress will adopt legislation in the future, the timing and specific requirements of any such legislation are uncertain. In the absence of new U.S. federal legislation, the EPA has undertaken steps to regulate GHG emissions pursuant to the CAA. In response to the 2007 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Massachusetts v. EPA, the EPA commenced several rulemaking projects. In particular, in August 2015, the EPA issued final rules regulating carbon dioxide emissions from new fossil fuel-fired electricity utility generating units (also known as the Power Plant NSPS) and from existing fossil fuel-fired electricity generating units (also known as the Clean Power Plan). The Clean Power Plan set emission performance rates for existing plants to be phased in over the period from 2022 through 2030, and the Power Plant NSPS set standards applying to new, modified and reconstructed sources beginning in 2015. However, in response to legal challenges, on February 9, 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court granted a stay of the implementation of the Clean Power Plan pending the resolution of various legal challenges. The Supreme Court’s stay applies only to the Clean Power Plan and does not affect the Power Plant NSPS.

Subsequently, President Trump issued a March 2017 Executive Order that directed the EPA to review the Power Plant NSPS and the Clean Power Plan and, if appropriate, take steps to suspend, revise or rescind the rules. On April 4, 2017, the EPA announced in the Federal Register that it is initiating its review of the Power Plant NSPS and Clean Power Plan. On April 28, 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit paused legal challenges to both the Clean Power Plan and the Power Plant NSPS for 60 days to allow parties in each of those cases to brief the court on whether the case should be remanded to the agency or kept on hold, and in a series of orders since, has continued to hold the cases in abeyance while EPA rulemaking regarding the Clean Power Plan continues. On August 31, 2018, the EPA published the Affordable Clean Energy Rule, a proposed replacement of the Clean Power Plan. In contrast to the Clean Power Plan, which called for the shifting of electricity generation away from coal-fired sources towards natural gas and renewables, the Affordable Clean Energy Rule would focus on reducing GHG emissions from existing coal-fired plants by requiring states to mandate the implementation of a range of technologies at power plants designed to improve their heat rate (i.e., decrease the amount of fuel necessary to generate the same amount of electricity). On December 6, 2018, the EPA proposed to revise the Power Plant NSPS to replace carbon capture, utilization and storage, or CCUS, with the most efficient demonstrated steam cycle in combination with best operating practices as the best system of emissions reduction for newly-constructed coal-fired units. The outcome of these rulemakings is uncertain and likely to be subject to extensive

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 26

Table of Contents

notice and comment and litigation. More stringent standards for carbon dioxide emissions as a result of these rulemakings could further reduce demand for coal, and our business would be adversely affected.

In the United States, many states and several regions have enacted legislation establishing GHG emissions reduction goals or requirements. In addition, many states have enacted legislation or have in effect regulations requiring electricity suppliers to use renewable energy sources to generate a certain percentage of power or that provide financial incentives to electricity suppliers for using renewable energy sources. Some states have initiated public utility proceedings that may establish values for carbon emissions.

Enactment of laws or passage of regulations regarding emissions from the use of coal by the United States, some of its states and regions or Australia or other countries, or other actions to limit such emissions, could result in electricity generators switching from thermal coal to other fuel sources or reducing demand from customers for metallurgical coal for use in coke plants and in the steelmaking process. Further, policies limiting available financing for the development of new coal-fueled power stations or promoting alternative energy options could adversely impact the global demand for thermal coal in the future. The potential financial impact on us of future laws, technology, regulations or other policies will depend upon the degree to which any such laws or regulations force electricity generators, coke plants and steel production to diminish their reliance on coal. That, in turn, will depend on a number of factors, including the specific requirements imposed by any such laws, regulations or other policies, the time periods over which those laws, regulations or other policies would be phased in, the state of development and deployment of CCUS technologies as well as acceptance of CCUS technologies to meet regulations and the alternative uses for coal. Similarly, high-efficiency low-emissions, or HELE, coal-fired power plants may also be an option for meeting laws or regulations related to emissions from coal use. Several countries, including some major thermal coal users such as China, India and Japan, included using HELE coal-fueled power plants in their plans under the Paris Agreement. From time to time, we attempt to analyze the potential impact on the Company of as-yet-unadopted, potential laws, regulations and policies. Such analyses require that we make significant assumptions as to the specific provisions of such potential laws, regulations and policies. These analyses sometimes show that certain potential laws, regulations and policies, if implemented in the manner assumed by the analyses, could result in material adverse impacts on our operations, financial condition or cash flow, in view of the significant uncertainty surrounding each of these potential laws, regulations and policies.

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports and other documents with the SEC under the Exchange Act. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at www.sec.gov. We also make available free of charge our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such materials with, or furnishing such materials to, the SEC, on or through our internet website, https://coronadoglobal.com.au/. We are not including the information contained on, or accessible through, any website as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless expressly noted.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 27

Table of Contents

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

An investment in our securities is speculative and involves a number of risks. We believe the risks described below are the material risks that we face. However, the risks described below may not be the only risks that we face. Additional unknown risks or risks that we currently consider immaterial, may also impair our business operations. You should carefully consider the specific risk factors discussed below, together with the information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes. If any of the events or circumstances described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer, and the trading price of our securities could decline significantly.

Risks Associated with Our Operations

Our profitability depends upon the prices we receive for our coal. Prices for coal are volatile and can fluctuate widely based upon a number of factors beyond our control.

We generate revenue from the sale of coal and our financial results are materially impacted by the prices we receive. Prices and quantities under metallurgical coal sales contracts in North America are generally based on expectations of the next year’s coal prices at the time the contract is entered into, renewed, extended or re-opened. Pricing in the global seaborne market is typically set on a rolling quarterly average benchmark price. However, there is an increase in customer requests to move towards shorter-term pricing models.

Sales by our U.S. Operations to the export market are typically priced with reference to a benchmark index. Sales by our Australian Operations have typically been contracted on an annual basis and are priced with reference to benchmark indices or bilaterally negotiated term prices and spot indices. As a result, a significant portion of our revenue is exposed to movements in coal prices and any weakening in metallurgical or thermal coal prices would have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

The expectation of future prices for coal depends upon many factors beyond our control, including the following:

•the current market price of coal;

•overall domestic and global economic conditions, including the supply of and demand for domestic and foreign coal, coke and steel;

•the consumption pattern of industrial consumers, electricity generators and residential users;

•weather conditions in our markets that affect the ability to produce metallurgical coal or affect the demand for thermal coal;

•competition from other coal suppliers;

•technological advances affecting the steel production process and/or energy consumption;

•the costs, availability and capacity of transportation infrastructure; and

•the impact of domestic and foreign governmental laws and regulations, including the imposition of tariffs, environmental and climate change regulations and other regulations affecting the coal mining industry.

Metallurgical coal has been a volatile commodity over the past ten years. The metallurgical coal industry faces concerns with oversupply from time to time. There are no assurances that oversupply will not occur, that demand will not decrease or that overcapacity will not occur, which could cause declines in the prices of coal, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, coal prices are highly dependent on the outlook for coal consumption in large Asian economies, such as China, India, South Korea and Japan, as well as any changes in government policy regarding coal or energy in those countries. Seaborne metallurgical coal import demand can also be significantly impacted by the availability of local coal production, particularly in the leading metallurgical coal import countries of China and India, among others, and the competitiveness of seaborne metallurgical coal supply, including from the leading metallurgical coal exporting countries of Australia, the United States, Russia, Canada and Mongolia, among others.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 28

Table of Contents

We face increasing competition, which could adversely affect profitability.

Competition in the coal industry is based on many factors, including, among others, world supply, price, production capacity, coal quality and characteristics, transportation capability and costs, blending capability, brand name and diversified operations. We are subject to competition from metallurgical coal producers from Australia, the United States, Canada, Russia, Mongolia and other metallurgical coal producing countries. Should those competitors obtain a competitive advantage in comparison to us (whether by way of an increase in production capacity, higher realized prices, lower operating costs, export/import tariffs or otherwise), such competitive advantage may have an adverse impact on our ability to sell, or the prices at which we are able to sell coal products. In addition, some of our competitors may have more production capacity as well as greater financial, marketing, distribution and other resources than we do.

The consolidation of the global metallurgical coal industry in recent years has contributed to increased competition, and our competitive position may be adversely impacted by further consolidation among market participants or by further competitors entering into and exiting bankruptcy proceedings under a lower cost structure. Similarly, potential changes to international trade agreements, trade concessions or other political and economic arrangements may benefit coal producers operating in countries other than the United States and Australia. Other coal producers may also develop or acquire new projects to increase their coal production, which may adversely impact our competitiveness. Some of our global competitors have significantly greater financial resources, such that increases in their coal production may affect domestic and foreign metallurgical coal supply into the seaborne market and associated prices and impact our ability to retain or attract metallurgical coal customers. In addition, our ability to ship our metallurgical coal to non-U.S. and non-Australian customers depends on port and transportation capacity. Increased competition within the metallurgical coal industry for international sales could result in us not being able to obtain throughput capacity at port facilities, as well as transport capacity, could cause the rates for such services to increase to a point where it is not economically feasible to export our metallurgical coal.

Increased competition, or a failure to compete effectively, in the markets in which we participate may result in losses of market share and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Risks inherent to mining operations could impact the amount of coal produced, cause delay or suspend coal deliveries, or increase the cost of operating our business.

Our mining operations, including exploration, development, preparation, product handling and accessing transport infrastructure, may be affected by various operational difficulties that could impact the amount of coal produced at our coal mines, cause delay or suspend coal deliveries, or increase the cost of mining for a varying length of time. Our financial performance is dependent on our ability to sustain or increase coal production and maintain or increase operating margins. Our coal production and production costs are, in many respects, subject to conditions and events beyond our control, which could disrupt our operations and have a significant impact on our financial results. Adverse operating conditions and events that we may have experienced in the past or may experience in the future include:

•a failure to achieve the metallurgical qualities anticipated from exploration activities;

•variations in mining and geological conditions from those anticipated, such as variations in coal seam thickness and quality, and geotechnical conclusions;

•operational and technical difficulties encountered in mining, including equipment failure, delays in moving longwall equipment, drag-lines and other equipment and maintenance or technical issues;

•adverse weather conditions or natural or man-made disasters, including hurricanes, cyclones, tornadoes, floods, droughts, bush fires, public health crises (including viral outbreaks), seismic activities, ground failures, rock bursts, structural cave-ins or slides;

•insufficient or unreliable infrastructure, such as power, water and transport;

•industrial and environmental accidents, such as releases of mine-affected water and diesel spills (both of which have affected our Australian Operations in the past);

•industrial disputes and labor shortages;

•mine safety accidents, including fires and explosions from methane and other sources;

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 29

Table of Contents

•competition and conflicts with other natural resource extraction and production activities within overlapping operating areas, such as natural gas extraction or oil and gas development (including potential conflicts with gas extraction undertaken by a third party at Buchanan);

•unexpected shortages, or increases in the costs, of consumables, spare parts, plant and equipment;

•cyber-attacks that disrupt our operations or result in the dissemination of proprietary or confidential information about us to our customers or other third parties; and

•security breaches or terrorist acts.

If any of the foregoing conditions or events occurs and is not mitigated or excusable as a force majeure event under our coal sales contracts, any resulting failure on our part to deliver coal to the purchaser under such contracts could result in economic penalties, demurrage costs, suspension or cancellation of shipments or ultimately termination of such contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our U.S. Operations are concentrated in a small number of mines in the CAPP. As a result, the effects of any of these conditions or events may be exacerbated and may have a disproportionate impact on our results of operations and assets. Any such operational conditions or events could also result in disruption to key infrastructure (including infrastructure located at or serving our mining activities, as well as the infrastructure that supports freight and logistics). These conditions and events could also result in the partial or complete closure of particular railways, ports or significant inland waterways or sea passages, potentially resulting in higher costs, congestion, delays or cancellations on some transport routes. Any of these conditions or events could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

The loss of, or significant reduction in, purchases by our largest customers could adversely affect our revenues.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, our top ten customers comprised 76.1% of our total revenue and our top five customers comprised 55.1% of our total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2019, sales to Xcoal and Tata Steel represented approximately 21.6% and 16.3%, respectively, of our total revenue. The majority of our sales are made on a spot basis or under contracts with terms of typically one year. The failure to obtain additional customers or the loss of all or a portion of the revenues attributable to any customer as a result of competition, creditworthiness, inability to negotiate extensions or replacement of contracts or otherwise, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, sales to Xcoal represented approximately 54.2% of revenue from our U.S. Operations and represented our U.S. Operations’ predominant means of access to the export metallurgical coal market. Purchase orders with Xcoal are entered into primarily on an ad hoc (shipment-by-shipment) basis and there is a risk that, in the future, the number of sales to Xcoal could decrease, which would require us to procure alternative brokers or market the coal directly to the export market. In addition, if our arrangements with Xcoal were to cease or materially decrease, we might also be required to procure additional infrastructure capacity to support some of our operations, as Xcoal typically takes ownership of coal upon landing into the rail car and handles transportation logistics to the port and beyond. As a result, the loss of, or deterioration of, the relationship with Xcoal could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations or cause a material disruption to our U.S. Operations.

Demand for our metallurgical coal is significantly dependent on the steel industry.

The majority of the coal that we produce is metallurgical coal that is sold, directly or indirectly, to steel producers and is used in blast furnaces for steel production. Metallurgical coal, specifically high-quality hard coking coal, or HCC, which is produced at most of our assets has specific physical and chemical properties which are necessary for efficient blast furnace operation. Therefore, demand for our metallurgical coal is correlated to demands of the steel industry. The steel industry’s demand for metallurgical coal is influenced by a number of factors, including: the cyclical nature of that industry’s business; general economic conditions and demand for steel; and the availability and cost of substitutes for steel, such as aluminum, composites and plastics, all of which may impact the demand for steel products. Similarly, if new steelmaking technologies or practices are developed that can be substituted for metallurgical coal in the integrated steel mill process, then demand for metallurgical coal would be expected to decrease.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 30

Table of Contents

Although conventional blast furnace technology has been the most economic large-scale steel production technology for a number of years, there can be no assurance that over the longer term, competitive technologies not reliant on metallurgical coal would not emerge, which could reduce the demand and price premiums for metallurgical coal. A significant reduction in the demand for steel products would reduce the demand for metallurgical coal, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, tariffs imposed by the United States on the import of certain steel products may impact foreign steel producers to the extent their production is imported into the United States. On March 8, 2018, the President of the United States, Donald Trump, signed an executive order establishing a 25% tariff on imports of steel into the United States, which could reduce imports of steel and increase U.S. metallurgical coal demand. This additional U.S. metallurgical coal demand could be met by reducing exports of metallurgical coal and redirecting that volume to domestic consumption.

Although the tariffs could be supportive of a stronger domestic metallurgical coal price environment, these tariffs have prompted retaliatory tariffs from key trading partners, notably Europe and China. Any retaliatory tariffs by these or other countries to these tariffs may limit international trade and adversely impact global economic conditions. We cannot ascertain the impact, if any, these tariffs may have on demand for our metallurgical coal.

Decreases in demand for coal-fired electricity and changes in thermal coal consumption patterns of the United States and Australian electric power generators could adversely affect our business.

While demand for metallurgical coal is not closely linked to demand for electricity, incidental production of thermal coal by our U.S. Operations represented approximately 12.4% of tons sold by our U.S. Operations and 6.4% of our revenues during 2019.

In such case, any changes in coal consumption by electric power generators in the United States would likely impact our business over the long term. According to the United States Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration, or EIA, the domestic electric power sector is the largest consumer of coal and accounted for 73% of total U.S. coal consumption in 2018, down from 90% in 2015.

While power generation from thermal coal remains a cost-effective form of energy, the increasing focus on renewable energy generation, competition from alternative fuel sources, such as natural gas, environmental regulations and the consequential decline in electricity generation from fossil fuels, is expected to result in the further decline of coal-fired electricity generation due to retirement of coal-fired capacity in favor of alternative energy. The low price of natural gas in recent years has resulted in some U.S. electric generators increasing natural gas consumption while decreasing coal consumption. Electricity generation from coal is now second to natural gas, which surpassed coal as the leading source of U.S. electricity generation in 2016. In 2019, natural gas provided 39% of total electricity generation while coal provided 24% of total electricity generated in the United States, a decline of 15% from 2013, when coal-fired electricity generation represented 39% of total electricity generation.

Sales of thermal coal represented approximately 26% of tons sold by our Australian Operations and approximately 5% of our revenues. The majority of the thermal coal produced by our Australian Operations is sold on a long-term supply arrangement to Stanwell. Sales of thermal coal by our Australian Operations to domestic and export buyers are exposed to fluctuations in the global demand for thermal coal or electricity. However, coal sold to Stanwell is not directly exposed to fluctuations in the global demand for electricity or thermal coal. Under the Stanwell supply contract, Stanwell can set volumes and pricing is set at significantly below-market rates. See “—Risks related to the Supply Deed with Stanwell may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.”

Further reductions in the demand for coal-fired electricity generation and the growth of alternative energy options, such as renewables, and alternate power generation technologies could materially reduce the demand for thermal coal, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If a substantial number of our customers fail to perform under our contracts with them, our revenues and operating profits could suffer.

A significant portion of the sales of our metallurgical coal is to customers with whom we have had long-term relationships. The success of our business depends on our ability to retain our current customers, renew our existing customer contracts and solicit new customers. Our ability to do so generally depends on a variety of factors, including the quality and price of our products, our ability to market these products effectively, our ability to deliver on a timely basis and the level of competition that we face.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 31

Table of Contents

In addition, our sales contracts generally contain provisions that allow customers to suspend or terminate if we commit a material breach of the terms of the contract, a change in law restricts or prohibits a party from carrying out its material obligations under the contract or a material adverse change occurs in our financial standing or creditworthiness. If customers suspend or terminate existing contracts, or otherwise refuse to accept shipments of our metallurgical coal for which they have an existing contractual obligation, our revenues will decrease, and we may have to reduce production at our mines until our customers’ contractual obligations are honored.

If our customers do not honor contract commitments, or if they terminate agreements or exercise force majeure provisions allowing for the temporary suspension of performance during specified events beyond the parties’ control and we are unable to replace the contract, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

If our ability to collect payments from customers is impaired, our revenues and operating profits could suffer.

Our ability to receive payment for coal sold and delivered will depend on the continued contractual performance and creditworthiness of our customers and counterparties. For certain customers, we require the provision of a letter of credit as security for payment. A payment default by one or more of our largest customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The inability of key customers to procure letters of credit (due to general economic conditions or the specific circumstances of the customer) may restrict our ability to contract with such customers or result in fewer sales contracts being executed, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. For certain of our large customers in Australia who have not provided letters of credit or other form of security, we maintain an insurance policy to cover for any failure in payment.

If non-payment occurs, we may decide to sell the customer’s metallurgical coal on the spot market, which may be at prices lower than the contracted price, or we may be unable to sell the coal at all. If our customers’ and counterparties’ creditworthiness deteriorate, our business could be adversely affected.

Our long-term success depends upon our ability to continue discovering, or acquiring and developing assets containing, coal reserves that are economically recoverable.

Our recoverable reserves decline as we produce coal. Our long-term outlook depends on our ability to maintain a commercially viable portfolio of coal reserves that are economically recoverable. Failure to acquire or discover new coal reserves or develop new assets could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. Exploration activity may occur adjacent to established assets and in new regions. These activities may increase land tenure, infrastructure and related political risks. Failure to discover or acquire new coal reserves, replace coal reserves or develop new assets or operations in sufficient quantities to maintain or grow the current level of reserves could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Potential changes to our portfolio of assets through acquisitions and divestments may have an adverse effect on future results of operations and financial condition. From time to time, we may add assets to, or divest assets from, our portfolio. There are a number of risks associated with historical and future acquisitions or divestments, including, among others:

•adverse market reaction to such acquisitions and divestments or the timing or terms on which acquisitions and divestments are made;

•imposition of adverse regulatory conditions and obligations;

•political and country risk;

•commercial objectives not being achieved as expected;

•unforeseen liabilities arising from changes to the portfolio;

•sales revenues and operational performance not meeting expectations;

•anticipated synergies or cost savings being delayed or not being achieved; and

•inability to retain key staff and transaction-related costs being more than anticipated.

These factors could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 32

Table of Contents

We may be unsuccessful in integrating the operations of acquisitions with our existing operations and in realizing all or any part of the anticipated benefits of any such acquisitions.

From time to time, we may evaluate and acquire assets and businesses that we believe complement our existing assets and business. Acquisitions may require substantial capital or the incurrence of substantial indebtedness. Our capitalization and results of operations may change significantly as a result of future acquisitions. Acquisitions and business expansions involve numerous risks, including the following:

•difficulties in the integration of the assets and operations of the acquired businesses;

•inefficiencies and difficulties that arise because of unfamiliarity with new assets and the businesses associated with them and new geographic areas; and

•the diversion of management’s attention from other operations.

Further, unexpected costs and challenges may arise whenever businesses with different operations or management are combined, and we may experience unanticipated delays in realizing the benefits of an acquisition. Entry into certain lines of business may subject us to new laws and regulations with which we are not familiar and may lead to increased litigation and regulatory risk. Also, following an acquisition, we may discover previously unknown liabilities associated with the acquired business or assets for which we have no recourse under applicable indemnification provisions. If a new business generates insufficient revenue or if we are unable to efficiently manage our expanded operations, our results of operations may be adversely affected.

We rely on estimates of our recoverable reserves, which is complex due to geological characteristics of the properties and the number of assumptions made.

We rely on estimates of our recoverable reserves. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we report our estimated proven (measured) and probable (indicated) reserves in accordance with SEC Industry Guide 7. See Item 2. “Properties.” As an ASX-listed company, however, our ASX disclosures follow the Australian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves 2012, or the JORC Code. One principal difference between the reporting regimes in the United States under SEC Industry Guide 7 and in Australia under the JORC Code is the provision in the JORC Code for the reporting of estimates other than proven (measured) or probable (indicated) reserves. Specifically, our ASX disclosures include estimates of coal resources in addition to reserves. Accordingly, our estimates of proven and probable coal reserves in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in other reports that we are required to file with the SEC may be different than our estimates of reserves as reported in our ASX disclosures. In addition, we anticipate further updating our mining properties disclosure in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Final Rule 13-10570, Modernization of Property Disclosure for Mining Registrants, which became effective February 25, 2019, and which rescinds Industry Guide 7 following a two-year transition period, which means that we will be required to comply with the new rule no later than our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2021.

Coal is economically recoverable when the price at which it can be sold exceeds the costs and expenses of mining and selling the coal. The costs and expenses of mining and selling the coal are determined on a mine-by-mine basis, and as a result, the price at which our coal is economically recoverable varies based on the mine. We base our reserve information on geologic data, coal ownership information and current and proposed mine plans. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities and qualities of coal and costs to mine recoverable reserves, including many factors beyond our control. There are inherent uncertainties and risks associated with such estimates, including:

•geologic and mining conditions, which may not be fully identified by available exploration data and may differ from our experience and assumptions in areas we currently mine;

•current and future market prices for coal, contractual arrangements, operating costs and capital expenditures;

•severance and excise taxes, unexpected governmental taxes, royalties and development and reclamation costs;

•future mining technology improvements;

•the effects of regulation by governmental agencies;

•the ability to obtain, maintain and renew all required permits;

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 33

Table of Contents

•employee health and safety; and

•historical production from the area compared with production from other producing areas.

In addition, coal reserve estimates are revised based on actual production experience, and/or new exploration information and therefore the coal reserve estimates are subject to change. Should we encounter geological conditions or qualities different from those predicted by past drilling, sampling and similar examinations, coal reserve estimates may have to be adjusted and mining plans, coal processing and infrastructure may have to be altered in a way that might adversely affect our operations. As a result, our estimates may not accurately reflect our actual future coal reserves.

As a result, the quantity and quality of the coal that we recover may be less than the reserve estimates included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If our actual coal reserves are less than current estimates, or the rate at which they are recovered is less than estimated or results in higher than estimated cost, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

If transportation for our coal becomes unavailable or uneconomic for our customers, our ability to sell coal could suffer.

Our mining operations produce coal, which is transported to customers by a combination of road, rail, barge and ship. The delivery of coal produced by our mining operations is subject to potential disruption and competition from other network users, which may affect our ability to deliver coal to our customers and may have an impact on productivity and profitability. Such disruptions to transportation services may include, among others:

•disruptions due to weather-related problems;

•key equipment or infrastructure failures;

•industrial action;

•rail or port capacity congestion or constraints;

•commercial disputes;

•failure to obtain consents from third parties for access to rail or land, or access being removed or not granted by regulatory authorities;

•changes in applicable regulations;

•failure or delay in the construction of new rail or port capacity; and

•terrorist attacks, natural disasters or other events.

Any such disruptions, or any deterioration in the reliability of services provided by our transportation service providers, could impair our ability to supply coal to our customers, result in decreased shipments and revenue and adversely affect our results of operations.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 34

Table of Contents

Typically, we sell coal at the mine gate and/or loaded into vessels at the port. While ordinarily our coal customers arrange and pay for transportation of coal from the mine or port to the point of use, we have entered into arrangements with third parties to gain access to transportation infrastructure and services where required, including road transport organizations, rail carriers and port owners. Where coal is exported or sold other than at the mine gate, the costs associated with these arrangements represent a significant portion of both the total cost of supplying coal to customers and of our production costs. As a result, the cost of transportation is not only a key factor in our cost base, but also in the purchasing decision of customers. Transportation costs may increase and we may not be able to pass on the full extent of cost increases to our customers. For example, where transportation costs are connected to market demand, costs may increase if usage by us and other market participants increases. Significant increases in transport costs due to factors such as fluctuations in the price of diesel fuel, electricity and demurrage or environmental requirements could make our coal less competitive when compared to coal produced from other regions and countries. As the transportation capacity secured by our port and rail agreements is based on assumed production volumes, we may also have excess transportation capacity (which, in the case of take-or-pay agreements, we may have to pay for even if unused) if our actual production volumes are lower than our estimated production volumes. Conversely, we may not have sufficient transportation capacity if our actual production volumes exceed our estimated production volumes, if we are unable to transport the full capacity due to contractual limitations or if any deterioration in our relationship with brokers and intermediaries (including Xcoal) results in a reduction in the proportion of coal purchased F.O.R. from our U.S. Operations (and a corresponding increase in the proportion of coal purchased F.O.B.).

Take-or-pay arrangements within the coal industry could unfavorably affect our profitability.

Our Australian Operations generally contract port and rail capacity via long-term take-or-pay contracts for transport to and export from the Port of Gladstone via two main port terminals, RGTCT and WICET. At our U.S. Operations, we also have a take-or-pay agreement in connection with the Kinder Morgan Pier IX Terminal in Hampton Roads, Virginia. We may enter into other take-or-pay arrangements in the future.

Where we have entered into take-or-pay contracts, we will generally be required to pay for our contracted port or rail capacity, even if it is not utilized by us or other shippers. Although the majority of our take-or-pay arrangements provide security over minimum port and rail infrastructure availability, unused port or rail capacity can arise as a result of varying unforeseen circumstances, including insufficient production from a given mine, a mismatch between the timing of required port and rail capacity for a mine, or an inability to transfer the used capacity due to contractual limitations, such as required consent of the provider of the port or rail services, or because the coal must emanate from specified source mines or be loaded onto trains at specified load points. Paying for unused transport capacity could materially and adversely affect our cost structures and financial performance. See Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for a summary of our expected future obligations under take-or-pay arrangements as of December 31, 2019.

Our profitability could be affected adversely by the failure of suppliers and/or outside contractors to perform.

We use contractors and other third parties for exploration, mining and other services generally, and are reliant on several third parties for the success of our current operations and the development of our growth projects. While this is normal for the mining industry, problems caused by third parties may arise, which may have an impact on our performance and operations. The majority of workers at our Australian Operations are employed by contractors, including Thiess, Golding Contractors Pty Ltd, and Wolff Mining Pty Ltd.

Operations at our mines may be interrupted for an extended period in the event that we lose any of our key contractors (because their contract is terminated or expires) and are required to replace them. There can be no assurance that skilled third parties or contractors will continue to be available at reasonable rates. As we do not have the same control over contractors as we do over employees, we are also exposed to risks related to the quality or continuation of the services of, and the equipment and supplies used by, our contractors, as well as risks related to the compliance of our contractors with environmental and health and safety legislation and internal policies, standards and processes. Any failure by our key contractors to comply with their obligations under our operating agreements with them (whether as a result of financial or operational difficulties or otherwise), any termination or breach of our operating agreements by our contractors, any protracted dispute with a contractor, any material labor dispute between our contractors and their employees or any major labor action by those employees against our contractors, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 35

Table of Contents

Further, in periods of high commodity prices, demand for contractors may exceed supply resulting in increased costs or lack of availability of key contractors. Disruptions of operations or increased costs also can occur as a result of disputes with contractors or a shortage of contractors with particular capabilities. To the extent that any of the foregoing risks were to materialize, our operating results and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Our inability to replace or repair damaged or destroyed equipment or facilities in a timely manner could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on several major pieces of mining equipment and facilities to produce and transport coal, including, but not limited to, longwall mining systems, continuous miners, draglines, dozers, excavators, shovels, haul trucks, conveyors, CPPs and rail loading and blending facilities. Obtaining and repairing these major pieces of equipment often involves long lead times. If any of these pieces of equipment and facilities suffers major damage or is destroyed by fire, abnormal wear and tear, flooding, incorrect operation or otherwise, we may be unable to replace or repair them in a timely manner or at a reasonable cost, which would impact our ability to produce and transport coal and could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, regulatory agencies sometimes make changes with regard to requirements for pieces of equipment. For example, in 2015, the MSHA promulgated a new regulation requiring the implementation of proximity detection devices on all continuous miners. Such changes can impose costs on us and can cause delays if manufacturers and suppliers are unable to make the required changes in compliance with mandated deadlines.

A decrease in the availability or increase in costs of key supplies, capital equipment, commodities and purchased components, such as diesel fuel, steel, explosives and tires could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our mining operations require a reliable supply of large quantities of fuel, explosives, tires, steel-related products (including roof control materials), lubricants and electricity. The prices we pay for commodities are strongly impacted by the global market. In situations where we have chosen to concentrate a large portion of purchases with one supplier, it has been to take advantage of cost savings from larger volumes of purchases and to ensure security of supply. If the cost of any of these key supplies or commodities increased significantly, or if a source for these supplies or mining equipment was unavailable to meet our replacement demands, our profitability could be reduced or we could experience a delay or halt in our production.

Our coal production and production costs can be materially and adversely impacted by unexpected shortages or increases in the costs of consumables, spare parts, plant and equipment. For example, operation of the thermal dryer located at the CPP at Buchanan is dependent upon the delivery of natural gas and there is currently only one natural gas supplier in the area, an affiliate of CONSOL Energy. Although we have entered into a gas purchase agreement with CONSOL Energy, this agreement can be terminated by CONSOL Energy on 30 days’ notice and any delay or inability to negotiate a replacement agreement would impact our costs of production as we would need to change our processing method at Buchanan.

Risks related to our investment in WICET may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We have a minority interest in WICET Holdings Pty Ltd, whose wholly owned subsidiary, Wiggins Island Coal Export Terminal Pty Ltd , or WICET Pty Ltd, owns WICET. Other coal producers who export coal through WICET also hold shares in WICET Holdings Pty Ltd. In addition, we and the other coal producers (or shippers) have evergreen, ten year take-or-pay agreements with WICET Pty Ltd and pay a terminal handling charge to export coal through WICET, which is calculated by reference to WICET’s annual operating costs, as well as finance costs associated with WICET Pty Ltd’s external debt facilities.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 36

Table of Contents

Under our take-or-pay agreement with WICET Pty Ltd, or the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement, Curragh’s export capacity is 1.5 MMtpa and we are obligated to pay the terminal handling charge for this capacity, whether utilized or not. The terminal handling charge calculation is based on total operating and finance costs of WICET Pty Ltd being charged to contracted shippers in proportion to each shipper’s contracted capacity. Under the terms of the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement the terminal handling charge payable by us can be adjusted (increased or decreased) by WICET Pty Ltd if WICET Pty Ltd’s operating and finance costs change, or if a contracted shipper defaults on its take-or-pay agreement obligations and has its contracted capacity reduced to nil. Under the terms of the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement there is a limit of how much WICET Pty Ltd can charge us for recovery of its finance costs, referred to as a finance cap. Since WICET began operating in April 2015, four WICET Holdings Pty Ltd shipper-shareholders have defaulted on their obligations under their respective take-or-pay agreements and subsequently had those agreements terminated. The result of these terminations is a decrease in the aggregate contracted tonnage at WICET from 27 MMtpa to 15.5 MMtpa.

Given the operation of the finance cap there is a limit to the recovery by WICET of its financing costs from shippers, subject to certain review event triggers. Accordingly, prior defaults referred to above have resulted in only minor increases to the terminal handling charges payable by the remaining shipper shareholders (including us). These increases have related to higher A$/ton charge for operating costs resulting from a lower contract base. If any of the remaining shipper shareholders becomes insolvent and/or defaults under its take-or-pay agreement, a review of the finance cap may be triggered and the terminal handling charges for the remaining shipper shareholders, including us, may increase proportionately to pay the defaulting shipper’s share of WICET’s operating and financing costs going forward.

In addition, if we default under the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement and that default is not remedied, then we will be obligated to pay a termination payment. The termination payment is equal to the lesser of our proportion of WICET Pty Ltd’s total external debt (which is based on the proportion that our contracted tonnage bears to the total contracted tonnage at WICET when the payment obligation is triggered) and ten years equivalent terminal handling charges at the prevailing rate at the time that the termination payment falls due. We have provided security to WICET Pty Ltd in the form of a bank guarantee, the amount of which is required to cover our estimated liabilities as a shipper under the WICET Take-or-Pay Agreement for the following twelve-month period.

In the event of WICET Pty Ltd defaulting on its’ external debt obligations, external lenders to WICET Pty Ltd may enforce their rights to the security over the assets of WICET and appoint a receiver to take steps to recover outstanding debt. The external lenders do not have direct recourse to the shippers to recover outstanding debt and shipper take-or-pay agreements would remain on foot and access to the port would continue to be available to us.

In the event of a permanent cessation of operations at WICET, we may be required to procure additional port capacity elsewhere, as well as be liable for a termination payment under our take-or-pay agreement.

Defects in title or loss of any leasehold interests in our properties could limit our ability to mine these properties or result in significant unanticipated costs.

In the United States, title to a leased property and mineral rights is generally secured prior to permitting and developing a property. In some cases, we rely on title information or representations and warranties provided by our lessors, grantors or other third parties. Our right to mine some of our reserves may be adversely affected if defects in title or boundaries exist or if a lease expires. Any challenge to our title or leasehold interests could delay the exploration and development of the property and could ultimately result in the loss of some or all of our interest in the property and, accordingly, require us to reduce our estimated coal reserves. In addition, if we mine on property that we do not own or lease, we could incur liability for such mining.

In the United States, we predominantly access our mining properties through leases with a range of private landholders. If a default under a lease for properties on which we have mining operations resulted in the termination of the applicable lease, we may have to suspend mining or significantly alter the sequence of such mining operations, which may adversely affect our future coal production and future revenues.

To obtain leases or mining contracts to conduct our U.S. Operations on properties where defects exist or to negotiate extensions or amendments to existing leases, we may in the future have to incur unanticipated costs. In addition, we may not be able to successfully negotiate new leases or mining contracts for properties containing additional reserves or maintain our leasehold interests in properties where we have not commenced mining operations during the term of the lease.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 37

Table of Contents

In Queensland, where all of our Australian Operations are carried out, exploring or mining for coal is unlawful without a tenement granted by the Queensland government. The grant and renewal of tenements are subject to a regulatory regime and each tenement is subject to certain conditions. There is no certainty that an application for the grant of a new tenement or renewal of one of the existing Tenements at Curragh will be granted at all or on satisfactory terms or within expected timeframes. Further, the conditions attached to the Tenements may change at the time they are renewed. There is a risk that we may lose title to any of our granted Tenements if we are unable to comply with conditions or if the land that is subject to the title is required for public purposes. The Tenements have expirations ranging from August 31, 2021 to July 31, 2044 and, where renewal is required, there is a risk that the Queensland government may change the terms and conditions of such Tenement upon renewal.

A defect in our title or the loss of any lease or Tenement upon expiration of its term, upon a default or otherwise, could adversely affect our ability to mine the associated reserves or process the coal we mine.

Our ability to operate effectively could be impaired if we lose key personnel or fail to attract qualified personnel.

The loss of key personnel and the failure to recruit sufficiently qualified staff could affect our future performance. We have entered into employment contracts with a number of key personnel in Australia and the United States, including our Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Garold Spindler, and our President and Chief Operating Officer, James Campbell.

Mr. Spindler’s and Mr. Campbell’s expertise and experience in the mining industry are important to the continued development and operation of our mining interests. However, there is no assurance that such personnel will remain with us for the term of their employment contracts or beyond. In the United States, we have not entered into employment contracts with any of our key personnel (other than Mr. Spindler and his direct reports), meaning that we do not have the benefit of notice provisions or non-compete restraints with these employees. The loss of our senior executives could have a material adverse effect on our business. There may be a limited number of persons with the requisite experience and skills to serve in our senior management positions. We may not be able to locate or employ qualified executives on acceptable terms. In addition, as our business develops and expands, we believe that our future success will depend greatly on our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel with coal industry experience in Australia and the United States. We may not be able to continue to employ key personnel or attract and retain qualified personnel in the future. The loss of such key personnel or the failure to recruit sufficiently qualified employees may affect our business and future performance.

A shortage of skilled labor in the mining industry could pose a risk to achieving improved labor productivity.

Efficient coal mining using modern techniques and equipment requires skilled laborers, preferably with at least a year of experience and proficiency in multiple mining tasks. Any future shortage of skilled labor in the Australian and U.S. mining industries could result in our having insufficient personnel to operate our business, our ability to expand production in the event there is an increase in the demand for our coal, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We could be negatively affected if we fail to maintain satisfactory labor relations.

Relations with our employees and, where applicable, organized labor are important to our success. Enterprise bargaining and other disputes between us and our employees or disputes affecting our contractors may result in strikes or uncompetitive work practices.

As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately 1,765 employees. In addition, as of December 31, 2019, there were approximately 2,229 contractors supplementing the permanent workforce, primarily at Curragh. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 12% of our total employees, all at our Australian Operations, were represented by organized labor unions and covered by the EA. In May 2019, the Australian Fair Work Commission approved the Curragh Mine Enterprise Agreement 2019. This EA has a nominal expiration date of May 26, 2022 and will remain in place until replaced or terminated by the Fair Work Commission. Our U.S. Operations employ a 100% non-union labor force.

Future industrial action by our employees or mining contractors’ employees or involving trade unions could disrupt operations and negatively impact mine productivity, production and profitability.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 38

Table of Contents

We may be unable to obtain, renew or maintain permits necessary for our operations, which would reduce coal production, cash flows and profitability.

Our performance and operations depend on, among other things, being able to obtain on a timely basis, and maintain, all necessary regulatory approvals, including any approvals arising under applicable mining laws, environmental regulations and other laws, for our current operations, expansion and growth projects. Examples of regulatory approvals that we must obtain and maintain include mine planning approvals, environmental permits and, in Australia, land titles, land tenure and approvals relating to native title and indigenous cultural heritage. In addition, our operations depend on our ability to obtain and maintain consents from private land owners and good relations with local communities.

The requirement to obtain and maintain approvals and address potential and actual issues for former, existing and future mining projects is common to all companies in the coal sector. However, there is no assurance or guarantee that we will obtain, secure, or be able to maintain any or all of the required consents, approvals and rights necessary to maintain our current production profile from our existing operations or to develop our growth projects in a manner which will result in profitable mining operations and/or achieve our long-term production targets. The permitting rules, and the interpretations of these rules, are complex, change frequently and are often subject to the interpretation of the regulators that enforce them, all of which may make compliance more difficult or impractical, and may possibly preclude the continuance of ongoing operations or the development of future mining operations. Certain laws, such as the SMCRA, require that certain environmental standards be met before a permit is issued. The public, including non-governmental organizations, anti-mining groups and individuals, have certain statutory rights to comment upon and submit objections to requested permits and environmental impact statements. These comments are prepared in connection with applicable regulatory processes, and the public may otherwise engage in the permitting process, including bringing lawsuits to challenge the issuance of permits, the validity or adequacy of environmental impact statements or performance of mining activities. In states where we operate, applicable laws and regulations also provide that a mining permit or modification can, under certain circumstances, be delayed, refused or revoked if we or any entity that owns or controls or is under common ownership or control with us have unabated permit violations or have been the subject of permit or reclamation bond revocation or suspension. Thus, past or ongoing violations of federal and state mining laws by us or such entity could provide a basis to revoke existing permits and to deny the issuance of additional permits or modification or amendment of existing permits. In recent years, the permitting required for coal mining has been the subject of increasingly stringent regulatory and administrative requirements and extensive activism and litigation by environmental groups. If this trend continues, it could materially and adversely affect our mining operations, development and expansion and cost structures, the transport of coal and our customers’ ability to use coal produced by our mines, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.

In particular, certain of our activities require a dredge and fill permit from the USACE under Section 404 of the CWA. In recent years, the Section 404 permitting process has been subject to increasingly stringent regulatory and administrative requirements and a series of court challenges, which have resulted in increased costs and delays in the permitting process. In addition, in 2015, the EPA and the USACE issued the CWR, under the CWA that would further expand the circumstances when a Section 404 permit is needed. The CWR is the subject of extensive ongoing litigation and administrative proceedings, as a result of which the CWR has been enjoined in certain states (including West Virginia) and reinstated in others (including Virginia and Pennsylvania), and its current and future impact on our operations are the subject of significant uncertainty. In addition, on December 11, 2018, the EPA and the USACE issued a proposed rule replacing the CWR. In accordance with President Trump’s executive order, the proposed rule would redefine “waters of the United States”, which would have the effect of excluding from the definition certain wetlands and other water bodies that are covered by the definition pursuant to the CWR. The process to rescind or revise the CWR will likely be subject to extensive notice and comment and litigation. Additionally, we may rely on nationwide permits under the CWA Section 404 program for some of our operations. These nationwide permits are issued every five years, and the 2017 nationwide permit program was recently reissued in January 2017. If we are unable to use the nationwide permits and require an individual permit for certain work, that could delay operations.

If we are unable to obtain and maintain the approvals, consents and rights required for our current and future operations, or if we obtain approvals subject to conditions or limitations, the economic viability of the relevant projects may be adversely affected, which may in turn result in the value of the relevant assets being impaired, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 39

Table of Contents

In times of drought and/or shortage of available water, our operations and production, particularly at Curragh, could be negatively impacted if the regulators impose restrictions on our water offtake licenses that are required for water used in the CPPs.

In Queensland, all entitlements to the use, control and flow of water are vested in the state and regulated by the Water Act 2000 (Qld). Allocations under the Water Act 2000 (Qld) can be managed by a water supply scheme operator, such as SunWater Ltd. We have purchased the required water allocations for Curragh and entered into a suite of related channel and pipeline infrastructure agreements and river supply agreements with SunWater Ltd. to regulate the supply of water pursuant to these allocations.

The amount of water that is available to be taken under a water entitlement will vary from year to year and is determined by water sharing rules of the relevant catchment area. These rules will, for example, state a procedure for water supply scheme holders to calculate the water available to an allocation holder, based on available and predicted supply. In situations of severely constrained supply (such as during a drought), supply contracts with the scheme operator generally provide for a reduced apportionment, with certain uses (e.g., domestic use) being given higher priority. It is possible that during times of drought our water offtake entitlements in Australia could be reduced. If our water offtake entitlement was reduced, the operations would have to recycle more of the water collected in on-site dams and former mining pits, from rainfall and dewatering activities, for use in the Curragh CPPs. This may impact our ability to maintain current production levels without incurring additional costs, which could adversely impact our operations and production.

Our operations may impact the environment or cause exposure to hazardous substances, which could result in material liabilities to us.

We are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations, and our operations may substantially impact the environment or cause exposure to hazardous materials to our contractors, our employees or local communities. We use hazardous materials and generate hazardous or other regulated waste, which we store in our storage or disposal facilities. We may become subject to statutory or common law claims (including damages claims) as a result of our use of hazardous materials and generation of hazardous waste. A number of laws, including, in the United States, the CERCLA or Superfund, and the RCRA, and in Australia, the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld), impose liability relating to contamination by hazardous substances. Furthermore, the use of hazardous materials and generation of hazardous and other waste may subject us to investigation and require the clean-up of soil, surface water, groundwater and other media.

The mining process, including blasting and processing ore bodies, can also generate environmental impacts, such as dust and noise, and requires the storage of waste materials (including in liquid form). Risk in the form of dust, noise or leakage of polluting substances from site operations or uncontrolled breaches of mine residue facilities have the potential to generate harm to our employees, our contractors and the communities and the environment. Employee or strict liability claims under common law or environmental statutes in relation to these matters may arise, for example, out of current or former activities at sites that we own, lease or operate and at properties to which hazardous substances have been sent for treatment, storage, disposal or other handling. Our liability for such claims may be strict, joint and several with other miners or parties or with our contractors, such that we may be held responsible for more than our share of the contamination or other damages, or even for the entire amount of damages assessed. Additionally, any violations of environmental laws by us could lead to, among other things, the imposition on us of substantial fines, penalties, other civil and criminal sanctions, the curtailment or cessation of operations, orders to pay compensation, orders to remedy the effects of violations and take preventative steps against possible future violations, increased compliance costs, or costs for environmental remediation, rehabilitation or rectification works.

We maintain extensive metallurgical coal refuse areas and slurry impoundments at our mining properties. At Curragh, our slurry impoundments are below surrounding topography and the possibility of failure is negligible. At our U.S. Operations, refuse areas and impoundments are frequently inspected and subject to extensive governmental regulation. Slurry impoundments have been known to fail, releasing large volumes of coal slurry into the surrounding environment. Structural failure of an impoundment can result in extensive damage to the environment and natural resources, such as bodies of water that the coal slurry reaches, as well as create liability for related personal injuries, property damages and injuries to natural resources and plant and wildlife. Of the six refuse areas among our U.S. mining properties, only three impound slurry; the other facilities are combined refuse and do not impound slurry. Four of our impoundments in the U.S. overlie mined out areas, which can pose a heightened risk of failure and the assessment of damages arising out of such failure. If one of our impoundments were to fail, we could be subject to substantial claims for the resulting environmental contamination and associated liability, as well as for related fines and penalties.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 40

Table of Contents

We are subject to extensive health and safety laws and regulations that could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to extensive laws and regulations governing health and safety at coal mines in the United States and Australia. As a result of increased stakeholder focus on health and safety issues (such as black lung disease or coal workers’ pneumoconiosis), there is a risk of legislation and regulatory change that may increase our exposure to claims arising out of current or former activities or result in increased compliance costs (e.g., through requiring improved monitoring standards or contribution to an industry-pooled fund). Regulatory agencies also have the authority, following significant health and safety incidents, such as fatalities, to order a facility be temporarily or permanently closed. For example, the tire and wheel rim fitting activities at our Australian Operations were temporarily suspended in January 2020 by the Queensland Mine Inspectorate, when an employee of Thiess was fatally injured during a tire change activity. If similar instances were to occur at any of our mining facilities in the future, we may be required to incur capital expenditures to re-open the facility, which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and financial condition and results of operations.

For additional information about the various regulations affecting us, see Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters—Australia” and “Business—Regulatory Matters—United States.”

We could be adversely affected if we fail to appropriately provide financial assurances for our obligations.

U.S. federal and state laws and Australian laws require us to provide financial assurances related to requirements to reclaim lands used for mining, to pay federal and state workers’ compensation, to provide financial assurances for coal lease obligations and to satisfy other miscellaneous obligations. The primary methods we use to meet those obligations in the United States are to provide a third-party surety bond or provide a letter of credit. As of December 31, 2019, we provided approximately $38.3 million of third-party surety bonds in connection with our U.S. Operations. There are no cash collateral requirements to support any of the outstanding bonds.

Our financial assurance obligations may increase due to a number of factors, including the size of our mining footprint and new government regulations, and we may experience difficulty procuring or renewing our surety bonds. In addition, our bond issuers may demand higher fees or additional collateral, including letters of credit or other terms less favorable to us upon those renewals. Because we are required by federal and state law to have these bonds or other acceptable security in place before mining can commence or continue, any failure to maintain surety bonds, letters of credit or other guarantees or security arrangements would adversely affect our ability to mine coal. That failure could result from a variety of factors, including lack of availability of surety bond or letters of credit, higher expense or unfavorable market terms, the exercise by third-party surety bond issuers of their right to refuse to renew the surety and the requirement to provide collateral for future third-party surety bond issuers under the terms of financing arrangements. If we fail to maintain adequate bonding, our mining permits could be invalidated, which would prevent mining operations from continuing, and future operating results could be materially adversely affected.

In Australia, the approval and passing in 2019 of the Financial Provisioning Act which amends or replaces certain provisions of the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld), will impact the way that our Australian Operations must provision for and manage associated costs of providing financial assurances related to mine rehabilitation obligations.

The Financial Provisioning Act:

•replaces the financial assurance arrangements for resource activities under the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld) with a new financial provisioning scheme, and changes how the estimated rehabilitation cost for an environmental authority is calculated; and

•amends the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld) to introduce new requirements for the progressive rehabilitation and closure of mined land.

Since April 1, 2019, any financial assurance currently held for environmental approvals already held in Australia are treated as surety under the new Financial Provisioning Act. There will be a transition period of three years commencing in early 2019 during which all miners in Queensland will be assessed and receive an initial risk allocation decision based on a formulaic calculation of their ERC. Our ERC is the cost estimated by the government department of rehabilitating the land on which our operation is carried out. This allocation will put our resource activity at Curragh into a risk category under the Financial Provisioning Act based on the regulator’s assessment of both the amount of our ERC and our financial capacity to carry out and discharge the rehabilitation liability and obligation at the time our mining operations cease. This risk assessment will be reviewed annually, and assessment fees are payable each time there is an allocation decision for our operations in Queensland.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 41

Table of Contents

The new financial provisioning scheme will be managed by the Scheme Manager and financial assurance will be provided by paying a contribution to the Scheme and/or the giving of surety to the Scheme Manager. Our contribution is calculated as the prescribed percentage (dependent on risk allocation decision) of Curragh’s ERC. The prescribed percentages for each category are: (1) Very low: 0.5%; (2) Low: 1.0%; and (3) Moderate: 2.75%. In the event Curragh’s ERC is allocated a high risk allocation, we will be required to negotiate the percentage of surety to be provided with the Scheme Manager. The Scheme Manager is a statutory officer and will manage the Scheme contributions and the sureties on behalf of the Queensland State Government.

In September 2019, we requested Queensland Treasury, the administrators of the Scheme, to consider Curragh as an early adopter of the Scheme and to issue an initial risk category allocation. In October 2019 the Scheme Manager completed the assessment of Curragh and issued an initial risk category allocation of “low.”

Our financial assurance obligations may increase due to a number of factors, including but not limited to:

any change that increases ERC or area of disturbance;

any major EA amendment;

compliance with existing EA obligations; and

major changes to financial soundness of EA Holder.

For more information on the Financial Provisioning Act, see Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters—Australia—Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld).”

Mine closures entail substantial costs. If we prematurely close one or more of our mines, our operations and financial performance would likely be affected adversely.

Federal and state regulatory agencies have the authority following significant health and safety incidents, such as fatalities, to order a facility to be temporarily or permanently closed. If we were to prematurely close one or more of our mines for any reason, we could be required to close or discontinue operations at particular mines before the end of their mine life due to environmental, geological, geotechnical, commercial, leasing or other issues. Such closure or discontinuance of operations could result in significant closure and rehabilitation expenses, employee redundancy costs, contractor demobilization costs and other costs or loss of revenues. If and when incurred, these closure and rehabilitation costs could exceed our current estimates. If one or more of our mines is closed earlier than anticipated, we would be required to fund the reclamation and closure costs on an expedited basis and potentially lose revenues and, for some of our operations, pay for take-or-pay arrangements that we no longer use, which would have an adverse impact on our operating and financial performance. Many of these costs could also be incurred if a mine was unexpectedly placed on care and maintenance before the end of its planned mine life.

If the assumptions underlying our provision for reclamation and mine closure obligations prove to be inaccurate, we could be required to expend greater amounts than anticipated.

The SMCRA and the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (Qld) establish operational, reclamation and closure standards for all aspects of surface mining as well as deep mining. We accrue for the costs of current mine disturbance and final mine closure, including the cost of treating mine water discharge where necessary. Estimates of our total reclamation and mine-closing liabilities totaled $131.8 million as of December 31, 2019, based upon permit requirements and the historical experience at our operations, and depend on a number of variables involving assumptions and estimation and therefore may be subject to change, including the estimated future asset retirement costs and the timing of such costs, estimated proven reserves, assumptions involving third-party contractors, inflation rates and discount rates. If these accruals are insufficient or our liability in a future year is greater than currently anticipated, our future operating results and financial position could be adversely affected. See Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”

Concerns about the environmental impacts of coal combustion, including perceived impacts on global climate issues, are resulting in increased regulation of coal combustion and coal mining in many jurisdictions, which could significantly affect demand for our products or our securities.

Global concerns about climate change continues to attract considerable attention, particularly in relation to the coal industry. Emissions from coal consumption, both directly and indirectly, and emissions from coal mining itself are subject to pending and proposed regulation as part of initiatives to address global climate change. A number of countries, including Australia and the United States, have already introduced, or are contemplating the introduction of, regulatory responses to GHGs, including the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels, to address the impacts of climate change.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 42

Table of Contents

There are three primary sources of GHGs associated with the coal industry. First, the end use of our coal by our customers in electricity generation, coke plants, and steelmaking is a source of GHGs. Second, combustion of fuel by equipment used in coal production and to transport our coal to our customers is a source of GHGs. Third, coal mining itself can release methane, which is considered to be a more potent GHG than carbon dioxide, directly into the atmosphere. These emissions from coal consumption, transportation and production are subject to pending and proposed regulation as part of initiatives to address global climate change.

As a result, numerous proposals have been made and are likely to continue to be made at the international, national, regional and state levels of government to monitor and limit emissions of GHGs. In addition, the growth of alternative energy options, such as renewables and disruptive power generation technologies, changes in community or government attitudes to climate change, efforts to promote divestment of fossil fuel equities and pressure from lenders to limit funding to fossil fuel companies could result in further development of alternative energy industries and broader mainstream acceptance of alternative energy options which could result in a material reduction in the demand for coal. It could also result in reduced access to capital to fund our activities as lenders and investors divert capital to low emission sectors of the economy.

The absence of regulatory certainty, global policy inconsistencies and direct regulatory impacts (such as carbon taxes or other charges) each have the potential to adversely affect our operations—either directly or indirectly, through suppliers and customers. Collectively, these initiatives and developments could result in higher electric costs to us or our customers or lower the demand for coal used in electric generation, which could in turn adversely impact our business.

At present, we are principally focused on metallurgical coal production, which is not used in connection with the production of coal-fired electricity generation. The market for our coal may be adversely impacted if comprehensive legislation or regulations focusing on GHG emission reductions are adopted, or if our ability to obtain capital for operations is materially reduced.

We and our customers may also have to invest in CCUS technologies in order to burn thermal coal and comply with future GHG emission standards. The potential direct and indirect financial impact on us of future laws, regulations, policies and technology developments may depend upon the degree to which any such laws, regulations and developments force reduced reliance on coal as a fuel source. Such developments could result in material adverse impacts on our financial condition or results of operations. See Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters—Australia” and “Business—Regulatory Matters—United States.”

Changes in and compliance with government policy, regulation or legislation may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The coal mining industry is subject to regulation by federal, state and local authorities in each relevant jurisdiction with respect to matters such as:

•workplace health and safety;

•worker’s compensation;

•employee benefits;

•taxation and royalties;

•limitations on land use;

•mine permitting and licensing requirements;

•reclamation and restoration of mining properties after mining is completed;

•the storage, treatment and disposal of wastes;

•remediation of contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater;

•air quality standards, including those relating to GHG standards;

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 43

Table of Contents

•water pollution;

•protection of human health, plant-life and wildlife, including endangered or threatened species and habitats;

•protection of wetlands;

•the discharge of materials into the environment; and

•the effects of mining on surface water and groundwater quality and availability.

Any future legislation and regulatory change imposing more constraints or more stringent requirements may affect the coal mining industry and may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Examples of such changes are, future laws or regulations that may limit the emission of GHGs or the use of thermal coal in power generation, more stringent workplace health and safety laws, more rigorous environmental laws, and changes to existing taxation and royalty legislation.

Compliance with applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations may become more costly and time-consuming and may delay commencement or interrupt continuation of exploration or production at our operations. We have incurred, and may in the future incur, significant expenditures to comply with such regulation and legislation. These laws are constantly evolving and may become increasingly stringent. The ultimate impact of complying with existing laws and regulations is not always clearly known or determinable due in part to the fact that certain implementation of the regulations for these laws have not yet been promulgated and in certain instances are undergoing revision. These laws and regulations, particularly new legislative or administrative proposals (or judicial interpretations of existing laws and regulations), could result in substantially increased capital, operating and compliance costs and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and our customers’ ability to use our products. For example, the U.S. Congress has previously enacted and may in the future address “bail-out” programs for the underfunded United Mine Workers benefits and pension plans, which could in effect tax all coal companies for unfunded or underfunded union pension plans and add costs to union-free entities like us, with respect to our U.S. Operations, and potentially impact competitive positions in the market. Due in part to the extensive and comprehensive regulatory requirements, along with changing interpretations of these requirements, violations of applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations occur from time to time in the coal industry and minor violations have occurred at our Australian Operations and our U.S. Operations in the past.

Moreover, changes in the law may impose additional standards and a heightened degree of responsibility for us and our stockholders, directors and employees; may require unprecedented compliance efforts; could divert our management’s attention; and may require significant expenditures. For example, we may also be subject to unforeseen environmental liabilities resulting from coal-related activities, which may be costly to remedy or adversely impact our operations. In particular, the acceptable level of pollution and the potential abandonment costs and obligations for which we may become liable as a result of our activities may be difficult to assess under the current legal framework. To the extent that required expenditures, as with all costs, are not ultimately reflected in the prices of coal, our operating results will be detrimentally impacted. The costs and operating restrictions necessary for compliance with safety and environmental laws and regulations, which is a major cost consideration for our Australian Operations and U.S. Operations, may have an adverse effect on our competitive position relative to foreign producers and operators in other countries which may not be required to incur equivalent costs in their operations.

We are also affected by various other international, federal, state, local and tribal or indigenous environmental laws and regulations that impact our customers. To the extent that such environmental laws and regulations reduce customer demand for or increase the price of coal, we will be detrimentally impacted. For additional information about the various regulations affecting us, see Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters—Australia” and “Business—Regulatory Matters—United States.”

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 44

Table of Contents

Failure to comply with applicable anti-corruption and trade laws, regulations and policies could result in fines and criminal penalties, causing a material adverse effect on our business, operating and financial prospects or performance.

Any fraud, bribery, misrepresentation, money laundering, violations of applicable trade sanctions, anti-competitive behavior or other misconduct by our employees, contractors, customers, service providers, business partners and other third parties could result in violations of relevant laws and regulations by us and subject us or relevant individuals to corresponding regulatory sanctions or other claims, and also result in an event of default under our Syndicated Facility Agreement. These unlawful activities and other misconduct may have occurred in the past and may occur in the future and may result in civil and criminal liability under increasingly stringent laws relating to fraud, bribery, sanctions, competition and misconduct or cause serious reputational or financial harm to us. In addition, failure to comply with environmental, health or safety laws and regulations, privacy laws and regulations, U.S. trade sanctions, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other applicable laws or regulations could result in litigation, the assessment of damages, the imposition of penalties, suspension of production or distribution, costly changes to equipment or processes due to required corrective action, or a cessation or interruption of operations.

We have policies and procedures to identify, manage and mitigate legal risks and address regulatory requirements and other compliance obligations. However, there can be no assurance that such policies, procedures and established internal controls will adequately protect us against fraudulent or corrupt activity and such activity could have an adverse effect on our reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

Our mining operations are subject to extensive forms of taxation, which imposes significant costs on us, and future regulations and developments could increase those costs or limit our ability to produce coal competitively.

Federal, state or local governmental authorities in nearly all countries across the global coal mining industry impose various forms of taxation on coal producers, including production taxes, sales-related taxes, royalties, environmental taxes and income taxes. If new legislation or regulations related to various forms of coal taxation or income or other taxes generally, which increase our costs or limit our ability to compete in the areas in which we sell coal, or which adversely affect our key customers, are adopted, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.

We may not recover our investments in our mining, exploration and other assets, which may require us to recognize impairment charges related to those assets.

Our balance sheet includes a number of assets that are subject to impairment risk, particularly long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, mining tenements, exploration and evaluation assets and intangible assets (including goodwill). The values of these assets are generally derived from the fundamental valuation of the underlying mining operations and, as such, are subject to many of the same risks to which our operations are exposed, including decreases in coal prices, foreign currency exchange risks, operational and geological risks, changes in coal production and changes in estimates of proven and probable coal reserves. Adverse changes in these and other risk factors could lead to a reduction in the valuation of certain of our assets and result in an impairment charge being recognized.

Any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP.

During the course of the preparation of our financial statements, we evaluate and correct any deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting. If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure or internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to report accurately or timely on our financial results or adequately identify and reduce fraud. Therefore, the financial condition of our business could be adversely affected, current and potential future stockholders could lose confidence in us and/or our reported financial results, which may cause a negative effect on the trading price of our CDIs, and we could be exposed to litigation or regulatory proceedings, which may be costly or divert management attention.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 45

Table of Contents

We are not currently required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and are therefore not required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose. We will not be required to submit a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm until our second Annual Report on Form 10-K due to a transition period established by the rules of the SEC for newly registered companies.

We may not have adequate insurance coverage for some business risks.

We have insurance coverage for certain operating risks that provide limited coverage for some potential liabilities associated with our business. As a result of market conditions, premiums and deductibles for certain insurance policies can increase substantially, and in some instances, certain insurance may become unavailable or available only for reduced amounts of coverage. As a result, we may not be able to renew our existing insurance policies or procure other desirable insurance on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, we may become subject to liability (including in relation to pollution, occupational illnesses or other hazards), or suffer loss resulting from business interruption, for which we are not insured (or are not sufficiently insured) or cannot insure, including liabilities in respect of past activities.

Should we suffer a major uninsured loss, future financial performance could be materially adversely affected. In addition, insurance may not continue to be available at economically acceptable premiums or coverage may be reduced. As a result, the insurance coverage may not cover the full scope and extent of claims against us or losses we may incur. The occurrence of a significant adverse event not fully or partially covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Cybersecurity attacks, natural disasters, terrorist attacks and other similar crises or disruptions may negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business may be impacted by disruptions such as cybersecurity attacks or failures, threats to physical security, and extreme weather conditions or other natural disasters. Strategic targets, such as energy-related assets, may be at greater risk of future terrorist or cybersecurity attacks than other targets in the United States or Australia. These disruptions or any significant increases in energy prices that follow could result in government-imposed price controls. Our insurance may not protect us against such occurrences. It is possible that any of these occurrences, or a combination of them, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, a disruption in, or failure of, our information technology systems could adversely affect our business operations and financial performance. We rely on the accuracy, capacity and security of our information technology, or IT, systems for the operations of many of our business processes and to comply with regulatory, legal and tax requirements. While we maintain some of our critical IT systems, we are also dependent on third parties to provide important IT services relating to, among other things, human resources, electronic communications and certain finance functions. Despite the security measures that we have implemented, including those related to cybersecurity, our systems could be breached or damaged by computer viruses, natural or man-made incidents or disasters or unauthorized physical or electronic access. Though we have controls in place, we cannot provide assurance that a cyber-attack will not occur. Furthermore, we may have little or no oversight with respect to security measures employed by third-party service providers, which may ultimately prove to be ineffective at countering threats. Failures of our IT systems, whether caused maliciously or inadvertently, may result in the disruption of our business processes, the unauthorized release of sensitive, confidential or otherwise protected information or the corruption of data, which could adversely affect our business operations and financial performance. We may be required to incur significant costs to protect against and remediate the damage caused by such disruptions or system failures in the future.

Mining in the CAPP is more complex and involves more regulatory constraints than mining in other areas of the U.S., which could affect our mining operations and cost structures in these areas.

The geological characteristics of coal reserves in the CAPP, such as depth of overburden and coal seam thickness, make them complex and costly to mine. As mines become depleted, replacement reserves may not be available or, if available, may not be able to be mined at costs comparable to those of the depleting mines. In addition, compared to mines in the other areas of the country, permitting, licensing and other environmental and regulatory requirements are more costly and time consuming to satisfy. These factors could materially adversely affect the mining operations and cost structures of, and our customers’ ability to use coal produced by, our mining properties in the CAPP.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 46

Table of Contents

We may face restricted access to international markets in the future.

Access to international markets may be subject to ongoing interruptions and trade barriers due to policies and tariffs of individual countries, and the actions of certain interest groups to restrict the import or export of certain commodities. For example, the imposition of tariffs by China on U.S. coal imports into the country is currently having, and may in the future have, a negative impact on the profitability of the Buchanan mine. We may or may not be able to access alternate markets for our coal should additional interruptions and trade barriers may occur in the future. An inability for metallurgical coal suppliers to access international markets, including China, would likely result in an oversupply of metallurgical coal and may result in a decrease in prices and or the curtailment of production.

We are subject to foreign exchange risks involving certain operations in multiple countries.

Foreign exchange risk is the risk of sustaining loss through adverse movements in currency exchange rates. Such losses can impact our financial performance and financial position and the level of additional funding required to support our businesses. Our financial results are reported in US$ and certain parts of our liabilities, earnings and cash flows are influenced by movements in exchange rates, especially movements in A$ to US$ exchange rate. For example, costs relating to our Australian Operations are generally denominated in A$. In addition, foreign currency exposures arise in relation to coal supply contracts, procurement of plant and equipment and debt, which may be priced in A$ or other foreign currencies other than US$.

The impact of currency exchange rate movements will vary depending on factors such as the nature, magnitude and duration of the movements, the extent to which currency risk is hedged under forward exchange contracts or other hedging instruments and the terms of these contracts. We entered into forward exchange contracts to hedge a portion of our foreign currency exposure of our Australian Operations. The unhedged portion of our non-US$ exposures against exchange rate fluctuations will be at the risk of any adverse movement in exchange rates, which may affect our operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

We may be subject to litigation, the disposition of which could negatively affect our profitability and cash flow in a particular period, or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our profitability or cash flow in a particular period could be affected by an adverse ruling in any litigation that may be filed against us in the future. In addition, such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See Item 3. “Legal Proceedings.”

Risks related to the Supply Deed with Stanwell may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Curragh has a CSA with Stanwell to supply thermal coal to the Stanwell Power Station. The CSA also provides Curragh with certain mining rights, of which the SRA was reserved for the benefit of Stanwell and could not be mined without Stanwell’s consent. Under the CSA, in addition to supplying thermal coal at a price below the cost to Curragh of mining and processing the coal, Curragh pays certain rebates to Stanwell on metallurgical coal exported from certain parts of Curragh, which represents the deferred purchase cost of the right to mine some areas at Curragh.

On August 14, 2018, Curragh entered into the Supply Deed with Stanwell. The Supply Deed grants Curragh the right to mine the coal reserves in the SRA. In exchange for these rights Curragh has agreed to certain amendments to the CSA and to enter into the NCSA, which will commence on or around the expiration of the CSA (currently expected to expire in 2027). On July 12, 2019, Curragh entered into the NCSA with Stanwell. Curragh agreed that the total value of the discount received by Stanwell on coal supplied to it under the NCSA should (by the expiry date of the NCSA) be equal to the net present value of A$210 million as at the date of the Supply Deed. No export rebates are payable during the term of the NCSA. The net present value of the deferred consideration was $174.6 million as of December 31, 2019.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 47

Table of Contents

We have no registered trademarks for our Company name or other marks used by us in the United States or any other countries, and failure to obtain those registrations could adversely affect our business.

Although we have filed a trademark application for use of the stylized mark “CORONADO STEEL STARTS HERE” in the United States and Australia, our applications are still pending and the corresponding mark has not been registered in the United States or Australia. We have not filed for this or other trademarks in any other country. During trademark registration proceedings, we may receive rejections. If so, we will have an opportunity to respond, but we may be unable to overcome such rejections. In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office and comparable agencies in many foreign jurisdictions may permit third parties to oppose pending trademark applications and to seek to cancel registered trademarks. If opposition or cancellation proceedings are filed against our trademark application, our trademark may not survive such proceedings, and/or we may be required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to defend ourselves in the proceedings or identify a suitable substitute mark for future use.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Capital Structure

Our financial performance could be adversely affected by our indebtedness.

As of December 31, 2019, we had $330.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our Syndicated Facility Agreement. The degree to which we are leveraged in the future could have consequences, including, but not limited to:

•making it more difficult for us to pay interest and satisfy our debt obligations;

•making any refinancing more difficult if the capital and lending markets are constrained;

•increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

•requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, business development or other general corporate requirements;

•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, business development or other general corporate requirements;

•making it more difficult to obtain surety bonds, letters of credit, bank guarantees or other financing, particularly during periods in which credit markets are weak;

•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and in the coal industry;

•causing a decline in our credit ratings; and

•placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to less-leveraged competitors.

In addition, we are subject to certain restrictive covenants pursuant to the agreement governing our Syndicated Facility Agreement. Failure by us to comply with these covenants could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, could have a material adverse effect on us and result in amounts outstanding thereunder to be immediately due and payable.

Any downgrade in our credit ratings could result in, among other matters, an increase in the cost of, or a limit on our access to, various forms of credit used in operating our business and the requirement by suppliers for us to provide financial assurance by way of letters of credit.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 48

Table of Contents

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to sell assets, reduce capital expenditure or raise new equity to reduce our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. In the absence of sufficient operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to sell material assets or operations in an attempt to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able to complete those sales or obtain all of the proceeds that we could realize from them, and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. In addition, the terms of our Syndicated Facility Agreement restrict us from selling Curragh and Buchanan without the consent of the lenders and further provides that if we cannot meet our debt service obligations, the lenders could foreclose against the assets securing their borrowings and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our debt and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our debt obligations, which may not be successful.

We are subject to various financial covenants under the terms of the agreement governing our Syndicated Facility Agreement. These covenants may, for example, require the maintenance of a maximum gearing or leverage ratio. Factors such as adverse movements in interest rates and coal prices, deterioration of our financial performance or changes in accounting standards could lead to a breach in financial covenants. If there is such a breach, the relevant lenders may accelerate the repayment of any outstanding debt to them or we may be prevented from drawing on the borrowing facilities until breaches are remedied. Some covenant breaches may not result in an immediate default but may restrict our ability to make distributions or otherwise limit expenditures. For details of the Syndicated Facility Agreement, see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We adjust our capital structure from time to time and may need to increase our debt leverage, which would make us more sensitive to the effects of economic downturns.

It is possible that we may need to raise additional debt or equity funds in the future. Our Syndicated Facility Agreement and operating cash flows may not be adequate to fund our ongoing capital requirements, for any future acquisitions or projects or to refinance our debt. There is no guarantee that we will be able to refinance our existing debt, or if we do, there is no guarantee that such new funding will be on terms acceptable to us.

Global credit markets have been severely constrained in the past, and the ability to obtain new funding or refinance in the future may be significantly reduced. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funding, either due to banking and capital market conditions, generally, or due to factors specific to our business, we may not have sufficient cash to meet our ongoing capital requirements, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our financial condition. Failure to obtain sufficient financing could cause delays or abandonment of business development plans and have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.

Recently, certain financial institutions, investment managers and insurance companies globally have responded to pressure to take actions to limit or divest investments in, financing made available to, and insurance coverage provided for, the development of new coal-fired power plants and coal miners that derive revenues from thermal coal sales. For example, in 2017, some financial institutions publicly announced that they would stop funding new thermal coal projects or would otherwise reduce their overall lending to coal. These or similar policies may adversely impact the coal industry generally, our ability to access capital and financial markets in the future, our costs of capital and the future global demand for coal.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 49

Table of Contents

Our business may require substantial ongoing capital expenditures, and we may not have access to the capital required to reach full productive capacity at our mines.

Maintaining and expanding mines and related infrastructure is capital intensive. Specifically, the exploration, permitting and development of metallurgical coal reserves, mining costs, the maintenance of machinery, facilities and equipment and compliance with applicable laws and regulations require ongoing capital expenditures. While a significant amount of the capital expenditures required at our mines has been spent, we must continue to invest capital to maintain our production. In addition, any decision to increase production at our existing mines or to develop the high-quality metallurgical coal recoverable reserves at our development properties in the future could also affect our capital needs or cause future capital expenditures to be higher than in the past and/or higher than our estimates. We cannot assure that we will be able to maintain our production levels or generate sufficient cash flow, or that we will have access to sufficient financing to continue our production, exploration, permitting and development activities at or above our present levels and on our current or projected timelines, and we may be required to defer all or a portion of our capital expenditures. Our results of operations, business and financial condition may be materially adversely affected if we cannot make such capital expenditures.

To fund our capital expenditures, we will be required to use cash from our operations, incur debt or raise new equity. Using cash from operations will reduce cash available for maintaining or increasing our operations activities. Our ability to obtain bank financing or our ability to access the capital markets for future equity or debt offerings, on the other hand, may be limited by our financial condition at the time of any such financing or offering and the covenants in our existing debt agreements, as well as by general economic conditions, contingencies and uncertainties that are beyond our control. If cash flow generated by our operations or available borrowings under our bank financing arrangements are insufficient to meet our capital requirements and we are unable to access the capital markets on acceptable terms or at all, we could be forced to curtail the expansion of our existing mines and the development of our properties, which, in turn, could lead to a decline in our production and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Interest rates could change substantially and have an adverse effect on our profitability.

We are exposed to interest rate risk in relation to variable-rate bank balances and variable-rate borrowings. Our interest rate risk primarily arises from fluctuations in the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, and the Australian Bank Bill Swap Yield, or BBSY, in relation to US$—and A$—denominated borrowings, respectively. Our lending rates may increase in the future as a result of factors beyond our control and may result in an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, national and international regulators and law enforcement agencies have conducted investigations into a number of rates or indices, which are deemed to be “reference rates.” Actions by such regulators and law enforcement agencies may result in changes to the manner in which certain reference rates are determined, their discontinuance, or the establishment of alternative reference rates. In particular, on July 27, 2017, the Chief Executive of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it will no longer persuade or compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. Such announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. As such, it appears highly likely that LIBOR will be discontinued or modified by the end of 2021. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect that these developments, any discontinuance, modification or other reforms to LIBOR or any other reference rate, or the establishment of alternative reference rates, may have on LIBOR or other benchmarks, including LIBOR-based borrowings under our variable-rate bank balances and variable-rate borrowings. Furthermore, the use of alternative reference rates or other reforms could cause the market value of, the applicable interest rate on and the amount of interest paid on our benchmark-based borrowings to be materially different than expected and could materially adversely impact our ability to refinance such borrowings or raise future indebtedness on a cost effective basis.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 50

Table of Contents

Coronado Global Resources Inc. is a holding company with no operations of its own and, as such, it depends on its subsidiaries for cash to fund its operations and expenses, including future dividend payments, if any.

As a holding company, our principal source of cash flow is distributions from our subsidiaries. Therefore, our ability to fund and conduct our business, service our debt, and pay dividends, if any, in the future will depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to generate sufficient cash flow to make upstream cash distributions to us. Our subsidiaries are separate legal entities, and although they are wholly-owned and controlled by us, they have no obligation to make any funds available to us, whether in the form of loans, dividends, or otherwise. The ability of our subsidiaries to distribute cash to us will also be subject to, among other things, restrictions that may be contained in our subsidiary agreements (as entered into from time to time), availability of sufficient funds in such subsidiaries and applicable laws and regulatory restrictions. Claims of any creditors of our subsidiaries generally will have priority as to the assets of such subsidiaries over our claims and claims of our creditors and stockholders. To the extent the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute dividends or other payments to us is limited in any way, our ability to fund and conduct our business, service our debt, and pay dividends, if any, could be harmed.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

We are subject to general market risks that are inherent to companies with publicly-traded securities and the price of our securities may be volatile.

We are subject to the general market risk that is inherent in all securities traded on a securities exchange. This may result in fluctuations in the trading price of our securities that are not explained by our fundamental operations and activities. There is no guarantee that the price of our securities will increase in the future, even if our earnings increase.

Our securities may trade at, above or below the price paid by an investor for those securities due to a number of factors, including, among others:

•general market conditions, including investor sentiment;

•movements in interest and exchange rates;

•fluctuations in the local and global market for listed stocks;

•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our interim and annual results and those of other public companies in our industry;

•industry cycles and trends;

•mergers and strategic alliances in the coal industry;

•changes in government regulation;

•potential or actual military conflicts or acts of terrorism;

•changes in accounting principles;

•announcements concerning us or our competitors;

•changes in government policy, legislation or regulation;

•inclusion of our securities in or removal from particular market indices (including S&P/ASX indices); and

•the nature of the markets in which we operate.

Other factors that may negatively affect investor sentiment and influence us, specifically, or the stock market, more generally, include acts of terrorism, an outbreak of international hostilities, fires, floods, earthquakes, labor strikes, civil wars, natural disasters, outbreaks of disease or other man-made or natural events.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 51

Table of Contents

Stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations in the past that are often disproportionate or unrelated to the operating performance of companies. There can be no guarantee that trading prices and volumes of any securities will be sustained. These factors may materially affect the market price of our securities, regardless of our operational performance. This may then significantly impact on our ability to raise new equity which may be required to fund our operations if our financial performance deteriorates due to other factors.

Coronado Group LLC and the EMG Group have substantial control over us and are able to influence corporate matters.

Coronado Group LLC and the EMG Group have significant influence over us, including control over decisions that require the approval of stockholders, which could limit the ability of other stockholders to influence the outcome of stockholders votes.

As of December 31, 2019, the EMG Group indirectly held 80% of our outstanding shares of common stock. Therefore, the EMG Group has effective control over the outcome of votes on all matters requiring approval by stockholders. There is a risk that the interests of the EMG Group could conflict with or differ from our interests or the interests of other stockholders. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Stockholder’s Agreement that we and Coronado Group LLC have entered into, so long as it beneficially owns in the aggregate at least 25% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the EMG Group will have the ability to exercise substantial control over certain of our transactions, including change of control transactions, such as mergers and capital and debt raising transactions. See Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” for a description of the Stockholder’s Agreement.

Further, pursuant to the terms of the Series A Share, Coronado Group and the EMG Group or its successors or permitted assigns, as the beneficial owner of the Series A Share, at its option, will have the ability to elect a specified number of directors, or the Series A Directors, based on the EMG Group’s aggregate level of beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock. For more details on the ability of Coronado Group and the EMG Group to elect Series A Directors, as well as the rights of stockholders to participate in the removal of any such Series A Directors, see Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.”

Moreover, the EMG Group’s beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock may also adversely affect the price of our common stock to the extent equity investors perceive disadvantages in owning common stock of a company with a controlling stockholder. In addition, the EMG Group is in the business of making investments in companies and may, from time to time, acquire interests in businesses that directly or indirectly compete with us, as well as businesses of our existing or potential significant customers. The EMG Group may acquire or seek to acquire assets that we seek to acquire and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us or may be more expensive for us to pursue, and as a result, the interests of the EMG Group may not align with the interests of our other stockholders.

Our non-employee directors and their respective affiliates, including the EMG Group, may be able to take advantage of a corporate opportunity that would otherwise be available to us.

The corporate opportunity and related party transactions provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, or certificate of incorporation, could enable any of our non-employee directors or their respective affiliates, including the EMG Group, to benefit from corporate opportunities that might otherwise be available to us. Subject to the limitations of applicable law, our certificate of incorporation, among other things, will:

•permit us to enter into transactions with entities in which one or more non-employee directors are financially or otherwise interested;

•permit any non-employee director or his or her affiliates to conduct a business that competes with us and to make investments in any kind of property in which we may make investments; and

•provide that if any non-employee director becomes aware of a potential business opportunity, transaction or other matter (other than one expressly offered to that non-employee director solely in his or her capacity as our director), that non-employee director will have no duty to communicate or offer that opportunity to us, and will be permitted to communicate or offer that opportunity to his or her affiliates and pursue or acquire such opportunity for himself or herself, and that non-executive director will not be deemed to have acted in a manner inconsistent with his or her fiduciary or other duties to us or our stockholders regarding the opportunity or acted in bad faith or in a manner inconsistent with our and our stockholders’ best interests.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 52

Table of Contents

These provisions enable a corporate opportunity that would otherwise be available to us to be taken by or used for the benefit of the non-employee directors or their respective affiliates, which include the EMG Group as a result of the rights granted to it under the Stockholder’s Agreement.

The EMG Group has the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to register the sale of its shares of our common stock (including in the form of CDIs) under the Securities Act, or to otherwise cause us to cooperate in a sell-down.

Pursuant to the Registration Rights and Sell-Down Agreement, dated as of September 24, 2018, between us and Coronado Group LLC, or the Registration Rights and Sell-Down Agreement, Coronado Group LLC (or its successors or permitted assigns or transferees) has the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to register the sale of its shares of our common stock or CDIs under the Securities Act or to cause us to cooperate in the sell-down of its shares of our common stock or CDIs. By virtue of its majority ownership, exercising its registration rights and selling a large number of shares or CDIs, Coronado Group LLC could cause undue volatility in the prevailing market price of our common stock. See Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.”

The issuance of additional common stock or securities convertible into our common stock could result in dilution of the ownership interest in us held by existing stockholders.

We may issue more CDIs in the future in order to fund future investments, acquisitions, capital raising transactions or to reduce our debt. While we will be subject to the constraints of the ASX Listing Rules regarding the percentage of our capital that we are able to issue within a 12-month period (subject to applicable exceptions), any such equity raisings may dilute the ownership of existing common stockholders.

Other Business Risks

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include provisions that may discourage a change in control.

Provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, or bylaws, and Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us, even if doing so might be beneficial to our stockholders. Provisions of our bylaws and certificate of incorporation impose various procedural and other requirements that could make it more difficult for stockholders to effect certain corporate actions.

We have elected not to be governed by Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or the DGCL (or any successor provision thereto), until immediately following the time at which the EMG Group no longer beneficially owns in the aggregate shares of our common stock representing at least 10% of the Voting Stock, in which case we shall thereafter be governed by Section 203 if and for so long as Section 203 by its terms would apply to us. Section 203 provides that an interested stockholder, along with its affiliates and associates (i.e., a stockholder that has purchased greater than 15%, but less than 85%, of a company’s outstanding voting stock (with some exclusions)), may not engage in a business combination transaction with the company for a period of three years after buying more than 15% of a company’s outstanding voting stock unless certain criteria are met or certain other corporate actions are taken by the company.

These provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 53

Table of Contents

Our certificate of incorporation limits the personal liability of our directors for certain breaches of fiduciary duty.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include provisions limiting the personal liability of our directors for breaches of fiduciary duty under the DGCL. Specifically, our certificate of incorporation contains provisions limiting a director’s personal liability to us and our stockholders to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. Furthermore, our certificate of incorporation provides that no director shall be liable to us and our stockholders for monetary damages resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent that such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL. The principal effect of this limitation on liability is that a stockholder will be unable to prosecute an action for monetary damages against a director unless the stockholder can demonstrate a basis for liability that cannot be eliminated under the DGCL. These provisions, however, should not limit or eliminate our right or any stockholder’s right to seek non-monetary relief, such as an injunction or rescission, in the event of a breach of a director’s fiduciary duty. These provisions do not alter a director’s liability under U.S. federal securities laws. The inclusion of these provisions in our certificate of incorporation may discourage or deter stockholders or management from bringing a lawsuit against directors for a breach of their fiduciary duties, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise have benefited us and our stockholders.

A state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will be, to the extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all state law based disputes between us and stockholders.

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, a state or federal court within the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for:

•any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;

•any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer or other employee or agent of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders or debtholders;

•any action or proceeding asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee or agent of the Company arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws; or

•any action asserting a claim against the Company or any director or officer or other employee of the Company governed by the internal affairs doctrine or other “internal corporate claims” as defined in Section 115 of the DGCL.

The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim against us or our directors, officers, employees or agents in a forum that it finds favorable, which may discourage stockholders from bringing such claims at all. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in another forum, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. However, the choice of forum provision does not apply to any actions arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

The payment of dividends and repurchases of our stock is dependent on a number of factors, and future payments and repurchases cannot be assured.

The payment and amount of any future dividend and repurchase of common stock will be subject to the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent on our current and future earnings, economic conditions, liquidity and capital requirements, legal requirements and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Accordingly, we cannot make any assurance that future dividends will be paid or future repurchases will be made.

The requirements of being a public company in the United States and Australia may strain our resources, divert management’s attention, and affect our ability to attract and retain executive management and qualified board members.

Our CDIs are currently listed on the ASX and we are registered as a foreign company in Australia. As such we need to ensure continuous compliance with relevant Australian laws and regulations, including the ASX Listing Rules and certain provisions of the Corporations Act.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 54

Table of Contents

As a U.S. public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and other applicable securities laws, rules, and regulations. Compliance with these laws, rules, and regulations may increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming, or costly, and increase demand on our systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and results of operations. In the absence of a waiver from the ASX Listing Rules, these SEC periodic reports will be in addition to our periodic filings required by the ASX Listing Rules. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures, and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight will be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns and our costs and expenses will increase, which could harm our business and results of operations. We may need to hire more employees in the future or engage outside consultants, which will increase our costs and expenses.

In addition, changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs, and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from sales-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal, administrative or other proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 55

Table of Contents

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 56

Table of Contents

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We had an estimated 680 MMt of proven and probable coal reserves as of December 31, 2019. An estimated 238 MMt and 442 MMt of our proven and probable coal reserves are in Australia and the United States, respectively. Approximately 76% of our Australian Operations’ proven and probable coal reserves, or 181 MMt, are Met coal, composed of HCC, semi-hard coking coal, or SHCC, and pulverized coal injection, or PCI, coal. The remainder of our Australian Operations’ coal reserves are thermal coal. Approximately 83% of our U.S. Operations’ proven and probable coal reserves, or 365 MMt, are Met coal, composed of coal with high volatile content, or High-Vol (including sub-category A of High-Vol, or HVA, and sub-category B of High-Vol, or HVB), coal with medium volatile content, or Mid-Vol, and coal with low volatile content, or Low-Vol. The remainder of our U.S. Operations’ coal reserves are thermal coal.

The following maps show the locations of our mining properties in Australia and the United States, respectively.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 57

Table of Contents

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 58

Table of Contents

The following is a summary of general characteristics about our mining properties as of December 31, 2019.

(1)Proposed mine type and mining method.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 59

Table of Contents

We control the coal mining rights across Curragh under the Tenements. The Tenements have expirations ranging from August 31, 2021 to July 31, 2044. With respect to certain of the Tenements, our rights to mine coal overlap with a petroleum tenure. Pursuant to the Mineral and Energy Resources (Common Provisions) Act 2014 (Qld), we are required to share information and coordinate our operations with the petroleum tenement holder. We do not believe that the presence of the overlapping petroleum tenure will restrict our coal mining operations at Curragh.

Subject to the exercise of our renewal rights thereunder, most of the leases at our U.S. mining properties expire upon exhaustion of the relevant reserves, which is expected to occur in 2048 at Buchanan; 2050 at Logan; 2067 at Greenbrier; 2070 at Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield; 2048 at Amonate; and 2051 at Russell County. One lease at Logan expires in 2032, but we expect to have mined the relevant reserves prior thereto. One lease at Greenbrier, covering approximately 2.4% of the total estimated reserves at Greenbrier, expires in 2020, and we are in negotiations with the lessor to extend this lease term.

Our right to commercially mine and recover coal reserves at Buchanan overlaps with the right of CNX Gas, LLC to commercially recover and develop coal gas interests from the mine area. We have entered into certain agreements with CNX Gas, LLC to regulate the interaction between, and coordinate, our respective operations.

We are not aware of any significant encumbrances or defects in title with respect to any of our mining properties. We believe we have secured all applicable environmental licenses and permits under applicable law and have all necessary permits and licenses regarding cultural heritage, native title and various other social issues. See Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters—Australia” for a discussion of the permitting conditions applicable to Curragh. See Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters—United States” for a discussion of the permitting conditions applicable to our U.S. Operations’ mining properties.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 60

Table of Contents

The following table provides information about the principal equipment and facilities at, and infrastructure available to, our mining properties as of December 31, 2019.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 61

Table of Contents

Generally, the mining equipment and facilities at our mining properties are in good condition. We focus on the long-term potential of each mining property and regularly monitor developments in the mining industry for technology improvements and new equipment that could help us increase efficiency and lower our costs. From time to time, we also update and improve other equipment and facilities to maintain their usefulness and optimize our competitiveness. We also partner with major vendors to replace equipment on a scheduled basis to maximize equipment productivity. As of December 31, 2019, the total book value for each of our operating mining properties and its associated plant and equipment, calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, was $856 million for Curragh; $374 million for Buchanan; $243 million for Logan; and $120 million for Greenbrier.

The following table shows total coal production at our operating mining properties for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

(1)Reflects production for the full year ended December 31, 2018. For the period following our acquisition of Curragh on March 29, 2018 through December 31, 2018, total coal production at Curragh was 9.3 MMt.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 62

Table of Contents

Our development and idle mining properties represent potential future coal production in addition to that of our current operating mining properties. Prior owners extensively explored each of the development and idle mining properties using continuous coring and rotary drilling methods. Based on previous exploration and the experience of other historical operations in the respective regions in which the properties are located, we have determined that the target coal seams at each such property are relatively consistent, with little structural deformation, making extraction of coal therefrom potentially profitable. Consequently, a significant amount of the total reserves at each of Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield, Amonate and Russell County are classified at the higher “proven” assurance level.

We anticipate conducting further exploration at each of the development and idle mining properties. Because each property has been extensively explored, however, we do not expect that any exploration program will require multiple phases. Currently, we have developed a detailed five-year exploration plan at the Pangburn property, for which we have budgeted a total of $1,050,000. Under the plan, most of the exploration will be focused on geotechnical and coalbed methane assessments of the reserves, for which we estimate $146,000 will be required. Also, approximately $76,000 will be spent on quality analysis of all coal samples that penetrate the target seam. Continuous core drilling combined with downhole geophysical surveys will be the primary method of exploration, for which we estimate $828,000 will be required. We anticipate that further exploration of the reserve at the Pangburn property will be necessary.

Other than with respect to the Pangburn portion of the Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield development mining property, the Company has not developed any current detailed plans or budget to conduct further exploration on its development and idle mining properties. Presently, the Company has conceptual exploration plans for these properties, which include continuous core drilling combined with downhole geophysical surveys. The Company expects to conduct minimal exploration with respect to these properties prior to production, the earliest of which is scheduled to occur at the Amonate property in 2025. The Company anticipates that scheduled production at Russell County and the Shaner and Fallowfield portions of the Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield mining properties will begin in 2035, 2033 and 2029, respectively.

The exploration programs at all of our U.S. Operations’ development and idle properties will be funded through a corporate development budget and will be conducted under the supervision of Coronado’s Chief Geologist, Joe Wickline, BS (Geol.), West Virginia University; PBACC (Mining Eng.), University of Pittsburgh; PG—Pennsylvania (PG005198); SME Registered Member (4264656). Mr. Wickline plans and supervises all exploration projects and conducts geologic and geotechnical evaluations on reserves for Coronado’s U.S. Operations. His experience includes geologic modeling, quality forecasting and reserve calculations using ABB MineScape computer software. Mr. Wickline also provides direct support to the U.S. Operations through roof scoping, in-mine geologic mapping and hazard identification.

At our operating Curragh mine, we have planned a drilling and 2-D seismic exploration program to define a potential underground resource on existing MLs and/or MDL162 for use in a feasibility study. Exploration works commenced in the fourth quarter of 2019 and are planned to continue through 2020, with a budget of $3,300,000 for all activity, including: drilling and logging; coal quality and washability assessment; geotechnical and coalbed methane assessments; and geological and structural modeling.

The exploration program at Curragh will be conducted under the supervision of Curragh’s Resource Geologist, Susan Dippel Forster, MSc (Geol), MAusIMM. Ms. Dippel Forster plans and supervises all exploration projects, maintains the geology Geobank database, manages all of the Tenements and conducts geological evaluations on resources for Coronado’s Australian Operations. Her experience includes geological, structural and coal quality modeling using Vulcan computer software. Ms. Dippel Forster also provides direct support to the Australian Operations through provision of groundwater data and advice on the geological and groundwater models.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 63

Table of Contents

The following table provides a summary of our proven and probable coal reserves as of December 31, 2019. With respect to the U.S. Operations, the U.S. QPs (as defined below) derived the reserve estimates as of December 31, 2019 by updating the reserve estimates as of December 31, 2018 prepared by the U.S. QPs to reflect appropriate reserve depletion and non-material deletion that occurred during 2019. Changes to the reserve estimates for the U.S. Operations as of December 31, 2019, when compared to the reserve estimates as of December 31, 2018, are in line with management expectations.

(1)Reported on a 10.0% moisture basis at Curragh and a 4.5% - 6.0% moisture basis at the mining properties within the U.S. Operations, in each case including a combination of surface moisture and inherent moisture.

(2)Reported on a recoverable basis, after giving effect to estimated dilution and losses during mining and processing, assuming 100% longwall mining recovery, 40% - 70% continuous miner recovery and 95% CPP efficiency.

(3)The ranges of coal sales prices used to estimate our proven and probable reserves at Curragh as of December 31, 2019 were $92 - $130 per Mt for Met coal and $54 - $100 per Mt for thermal coal. The ranges of Met coal sales prices used to estimate our proven and probable reserves at our U.S. Operations’ mining properties as of December 31, 2018 were: $79 - $126 per Mt for Buchanan; $84 - $142 per Mt for Logan; $90 - $147 per Mt for Greenbrier; $104 - $142 per Mt for Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield; and $100 - $148 per Mt for Amonate and Russell County. The range of thermal coal sales prices used to estimate our proven and probable reserves at Logan, Greenbrier and Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield as of December 31, 2018 was $56 - $68 per Mt. With respect to the U.S. Operations, the U.S. QPs derived the reserve estimates as of December 31, 2019 by updating the reserve estimates as of December 31, 2018 prepared by the U.S. QPs to reflect appropriate reserve depletion and non-material deletion that occurred during 2019.

(4)Estimated coal reserves were classified as proven reserves if they lay within 0.4 kilometers and 1.0 kilometers of a valid point of observation for our U.S. and Australian mining properties, respectively, resulting in an accuracy of plus or minus: 10% at Curragh; 21% at Buchanan; 20% at Logan; 19% at both Greenbrier and Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield; and 15% at both Amonate and Russel County.

(5)Estimated coal reserves were classified as probable reserves if they lay between 0.4 - 1.2 kilometers and 1.0 - 2.0 kilometers from a valid point of observation for our U.S. and Australian sites respectively, resulting in an accuracy of plus or minus: 20% at Curragh; 13% at Buchanan; 30% at Logan; 28% at Greenbrier; 17% at Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield; and 19% at both Amonate and Russell County.

(6)Assigned reserves represent recoverable coal reserves that were controlled and accessible at our operations as of December 31, 2019.

(7)Unassigned reserves represent coal reserves at currently non-producing locations that would require new mine development, mining equipment, or CPP facilities before operations could begin at the property.

(8) Volatile matter, or VM, percentage represents the mass of the components of coal, except for moisture, that are liberated from coal at high temperatures in the absence of air.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 64

Table of Contents

Reserves are defined by SEC Industry Guide 7 as that part of a mineral deposit which could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination. Proven and probable coal reserves are defined by SEC Industry Guide 7 as follows:

Proven (Measured) Reserves—Reserves for which (a) quantity is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes; grade and/or quality are computed from the results of detailed sampling and (b) the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are spaced so closely and the geologic character is so well defined that size, shape, depth and mineral content of reserves are well-established.

Probable (Indicated) Reserves—Reserves for which quantity and grade and/or quality are computed from information similar to that used for proven (measured) reserves, but the sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are farther apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for proven (measured) reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation.

Barry Saunders, B. App. Sc. (App. Geol.); MAusIMM(CP); MAIG, a director of QGESS Pty Ltd., prepared a coal resource estimate for Curragh. From this, Paul Wood, B. Eng.; MAusIMM(CP), who is employed full-time as the Senior Life of Mine Planner of our subsidiary, Coronado Curragh, prepared the estimates of proven and probable coal reserves at Curragh. Together, we refer to them as the Australian QPs. K. Scott Keim, CPG, and Justin S. Douthat, PE, MBA, of Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc., whom we refer to as the U.S. QPs, prepared the estimates of proven and probable coal reserves at each of the U.S. Operations’ mining properties as of December 31, 2018, which the U.S. QPs updated to reflect reserve depletion and non-material deletion that occurred during 2019. We refer to the Australian QPs and the U.S. QPs, collectively, as the QPs.

The QPs estimated our proven and probable coal reserves in accordance with SEC Industry Guide 7 considering “modifying factors,” including mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. Estimates within the proven category have the highest degree of assurance, while estimates within the probable category have only a moderate degree of geologic assurance. Further exploration is necessary to place probable reserves into the proven reserve category.

The QPs estimated coal reserves at each of our mining properties using historical geotechnical data available from numerous entities over time. Most of this information was obtained prior to our acquisition of the properties, using varying drilling and core-logging techniques, survey methods and testing procedures. As a result, in verifying such data, the QPs made certain assumptions about the adequacy of the processes performed and comparability of the data based on their professional experience and familiarity with the applicable property. The QPs then developed geological models for each of the properties using cut-off parameters for classifying reserves based on the geotechnical data they reviewed, their experience with coal mining in the applicable region and, for the production stage properties, results of mining operations.

Our staff of geologists and engineers worked with the QPs throughout this process and provided data from our own exploration and operating activities at the properties. We have internal control procedures, including internal verification of input data and geological modelling, subject to multi-level review, to help ensure the validity of the data.

The pricing information used to estimate our proven and probable coal reserves was based on prices under our existing contracts and price forecasts. Below is a description of some of the factors that could affect price forecasts for metallurgical and thermal coal products on a mine-by-mine and product-by-product basis. Differences between the assumptions and analyses included in the price forecasts and realized factors could cause actual pricing to differ from the forecasts.

Metallurgical. Several factors can influence Met coal supply and demand and pricing. Demand is impacted by economic conditions and demand for steel, and is also impacted by competing technologies used to make steel, some of which do not use coal as a manufacturing input. Competition from other types of coal is also a key price consideration and can be impacted by coal quality and characteristics, delivered energy cost (including transportation costs), customer service and support and reliability of supply.

Seaborne Met coal import demand can be significantly impacted by the availability of local coal production, particularly in leading Met coal import countries such as China and India, among others, as well as country-specific policies restricting or promoting domestic supply. The competitiveness of seaborne Met coal supply from leading Met coal exporting countries, such as Australia, the United States, Russia, Canada and Mongolia, among others, is also an important price consideration.

In addition to the factors noted above, the prices which may be obtained at each individual mine or future mine can be impacted by factors such as (i) the mine’s location, which impacts the total delivered energy costs to its customers, (ii) quality characteristics, particularly if they are unique relative to competing mines, (iii) assumed transportation costs and (iv) other mine costs that are contractually passed on to customers in certain commercial relationships.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 65

Table of Contents

Thermal. Several factors can influence thermal coal supply and demand and pricing. Demand is sensitive to total electric power generation volumes, which are determined in part by the impact of weather on heating and cooling demand, inter-fuel competition in the electric power generation mix, changes in capacity (additions and retirements), inter-basin or inter-country coal competition, coal stockpiles and policy and regulations. Supply considerations impacting pricing include reserve positions, mining methods, strip ratios, production costs and capacity and the cost of new supply (new mine developments or extensions at existing mines).

The cost information that the QPs used to estimate our proven and probable reserves were generally internal projected future costs based on historical costs and expected future trends. The estimated costs normally include mining, processing, transportation, royalty, tax and other mining-related costs. Our estimated mining and processing costs reflect projected changes in prices of consumable commodities (mainly diesel fuel, natural gas, explosives and steel), labor costs, geological and mining conditions, targeted product qualities and other mining-related costs. Estimates for other sales-related costs (mainly transportation, royalty and tax) are based on contractual prices or fixed rates. Specific factors that may impact the cost at our various operations include:

Geological settings. The geological characteristics of each mine are among the most important factors that determine the mining cost. Our geology department conducts the exploration program and provides geological models for the life-of-mine process. Coal seam depth, thickness, dipping angle, partings and quality constrain the available mining methods and size of operations. Shallow coal is typically mined by surface mining methods by which the primary cost is overburden removal. Deep coal is typically mined by underground mining methods where the primary costs include coal extraction, conveyance and roof control.

Scale of operations and the equipment sizes. For surface mines, our dragline systems generally have a lower unit cost than truck-and-shovel systems for overburden removal. The longwall operations generally are more cost effective than bord-and-pillar operations for underground mines.

Commodity prices. For surface mines, the costs of diesel fuel and explosives are major components of the total mining cost. For underground mines, the steel used for roof bolts represents a significant cost. Commodity price forecasts are used to project those costs in the financial models we use to establish our reserves.

Target product quality. By targeting a premium quality, product, our mining and processing processes may experience more coal losses. By lowering product quality the coal losses can be minimized and therefore a lower cost per Mt can be achieved. In our mine plans, the product qualities are estimated to correspond to existing contracts and forecasted market demands.

Transportation costs. We have entered into arrangements with third parties to gain access to transportation infrastructure and services where required, including rail carriers and port owners. Where coal is exported or sold other than at the mine gate, the costs associated with these arrangements represent a significant portion of both the total cost of supplying coal to customers and of our production costs. As a result, the cost of transportation is not only a key factor in our cost base but also in the purchasing decision of customers. Our transportation costs vary by region. Our U.S. Operations’ domestic contracts are generally priced F.O.R. at the mine with customers bearing the transportation costs from the mine to the applicable end user. For direct sales from our U.S. Operations to export customers, we hold the transportation contract and are responsible for the cost to the export facility, and the export customer is responsible for the transportation/freight cost from the export facility to the destination. For sales of Curragh thermal coal to Stanwell, Stanwell is responsible for the transport of coal to the Stanwell Power Station. Our Australian Operations typically sell export Met coal F.O.B., with the customer paying for transportation from the outbound shipping port. Our Australian Operations generally contract for port and rail capacity via long-term take-or-pay contracts. Our U.S. Operations generally enter into quarterly or spot contracts for port and rail access; however, we do have a long-term take-or-pay agreement for terminal services at Kinder Morgan Pier IX Terminal in Hampton Roads, Virginia. See Item 1. “Business—Transportation” for more information regarding these agreements.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 66

Table of Contents

Royalty costs. As conditions to certain of the Tenements, Curragh is subject to royalties payable to the Queensland government of 7.0% of revenues from coal sales to Stanwell (which could increase as described in Item 1. “Business—Regulatory Matters—Australia—Mineral Resources Act 1989 (Qld)”) and 8.22% - 10.42% of revenues from exported coal. These royalties are in addition to the Stanwell rebate, as described in Item 1. “Business—Customers—Australia Sales and Marketing—Stanwell.” Additionally, if MDL 162 advances from development to production, we would be required to pay under a private royalty deed a base royalty of A$0.50 per Mt of coal and a royalty of A$0.70 for every Mt of SHCC produced above 2.5 MMt per year. Royalty costs at our U.S. Operations are based upon contractual agreements for the coal leased from private owners and vary from property to property and by the type of mine (i.e., surface or underground). The royalty rates under leases at our U.S. Operations range between 3% - 9% of revenues from coal sales. Under some of the leases, we are required to pay minimum royalties, regardless of production, and/or “wheelage fees” (i.e., fees payable on coal mined and removed from properties other than the particular leasehold and hauled across the leasehold premises). Additionally, as part of the agreement we reached with CONSOL Energy to acquire Buchanan and certain other assets in 2016, we agreed to pay CONSOL Energy a royalty of 20% of the gross sales price on all coal mined from the Buchanan mine complex and sold or shipped to a location outside the United States and Canada, where the actual sales price that we receive exceeds certain agreed benchmarks. The royalty payments are triggered where the gross sales price per Mt of coal exceeds the following thresholds: from April 1, 2016 to March 30, 2017, $82.67; from March 31, 2017 to March 30, 2018, $86.81; from March 31, 2018 to March 30, 2019, $91.15; from March 31, 2019 to March 30, 2020, $95.70; and from March 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021, $100.49.

Black lung, severance and reclamation taxes. Our U.S. Operations are subject to a federal black lung excise tax on coal sold domestically. As of December 31, 2019, the federal black lung excise tax is $0.50 per Mt for underground mining and $0.25 per Mt for surface and highwall mining. Our U.S. Operations are also subject to a federal reclamation tax of $0.12 per Mt for underground mining and $0.28 per Mt for surface and highwall mining. Additionally, Buchanan is, and Amonate and Russell County would be, subject to a Virginia reclamation tax of $0.05 per Mt (which amount is contributed to a state-funded bond pool) and a Virginia severance tax of 2% for all coal sold. Logan and Greenbrier are subject to a West Virginia reclamation tax of $0.28 per Mt and a West Virginia severance tax of 1.0% - 5.0% of revenues for all coal produced. Amonate would also be subject to West Virginia reclamation and severance taxes to the extent that it produces any coal from those parts of the property that lie within West Virginia. Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield would not be subject to state reclamation or severance taxes, as neither are required under Pennsylvania law.

Exchange rates. Costs related to our Australian Operations are predominantly denominated in A$, while the coal that our Australian Operations export is sold in US$. As a result, A$-US$ exchange rates impact the U.S. dollar cost of our Australian Operations’ production.

Based on their mine-by-mine and product-by-product evaluations of the estimated prices for our coal, and the costs and expenses of mining and selling our coal, the QPs concluded our reserves were economically recoverable. With respect to the U.S. Operations, the U.S. QPs derived the reserve estimates as of December 31, 2019 by updating the reserve estimates as of December 31, 2018 prepared by the U.S. QPs to reflect appropriate reserve depletion and non-material deletion that occurred during 2019. We periodically update our coal reserve estimates to reflect production of coal from those reserves and new drilling or other data received. Accordingly, our coal reserve estimates will change from time to time to reflect the effects of our mining activities, analysis of new engineering and geological data, changes in coal reserve holdings, modification of mining methods and other factors.

During 2018, the SEC adopted amendments to modernize the property disclosure requirements for mining registrants and related guidance under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. The final rules provide a three-year transition period, and we will be required to comply with the new rules for the fiscal year beginning on January 1, 2021. We are in the process of assessing the impact the new rules will have on our disclosures.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 67

Table of Contents

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

We are subject to various legal and regulatory proceedings from time to time in the normal course of business. For a description of our significant legal proceedings refer to Note 25. “Contingencies” to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II—Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which information is incorporated by reference herein.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 68

Table of Contents

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Safety is the cornerstone of the Company’s values and is the number one priority for all employees at Coronado Global Resources. Our U.S. Operations include multiple mining complexes across three states and are regulated by both the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration, or MSHA, and state regulatory agencies. Under regulations mandated by the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, or the Mine Act, MSHA inspects our U.S. mines on a regular basis and issues various citations and orders when it believes a violation has occurred under the Mine Act.

In accordance with Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.104), each operator of a coal or other mine is required to report certain mine safety results in its periodic reports filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act.

Information pertaining to mine safety matters is included in Exhibit 95.1 attached to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The disclosures reflect the United States mining operations only, as these requirements do not apply to our mines operated outside the United States.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 69

Table of Contents

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market Information

Our CDIs, each representing one-tenth of one share of our common stock, have been listed on the ASX under the trading symbol “CRN” since October 23, 2018. Prior to such time, there was no public market for our securities. There is no principal market in the United States for our CDIs or shares of our common stock.

Holders

As of December 31, 2019 we had 96,651,692 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding with 3,913 holders of record. The holders included CHESS Depositary Nominees Pty Limited, which held 19,343,588 shares of our common stock in the form of CDIs on behalf of the CDI holders; there were 3,912 registered owners of our CDIs on December 31, 2019.

Series A Preferred Share

On September 20, 2018, we issued the Series A Share to Coronado Group LLC, at par value. The offer, sale, and issuance of the Series A Share were deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. The recipient of the Series A Share acquired the Series A Share for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof and appropriate legends were affixed to the Series A Share.

Dividends

The payment of dividends is at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The decision as to whether or not a dividend will be paid will be subject to a number of considerations including the general business environment, operating results, cash flows, future capital requirements, regulatory restrictions and any other factors the Board of Directors may consider relevant.

Our objective in setting our dividend policy is to deliver stockholder returns while maintaining flexibility to pursue our strategic initiatives within a prudent capital structure. Our dividend policy is to distribute between 60% and 100% of available free cash. However, the Company intends to pay out 100% of free cash flow relating to the period from Settlement to December 31, 2019. Available free cash is defined as net cash from operating activities less capital expenditure, acquisition expenditure, amounts reserved for capital expenditure and acquisition expenditure and amounts required for debt servicing. In circumstances where there is surplus available free cash, at the discretion of our Board of Directors and in light of business and market conditions, we may consider the potential for additional stockholder returns through special dividends and share buy-backs as part of its broader capital management strategy.

Summary Description of the Company’s Non-Stockholder Approved Equity Compensation Plans

The Company does not have any non-stockholder approved equity compensation plans.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

We did not issue any shares of our common stock in a transaction that was not registered under the Securities Act during the three months ended December 31, 2019.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchases

We had no repurchases of equity securities for the three months ended December 31, 2019.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 70

Table of Contents

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

The following tables present the selected consolidated financial and operating data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015 of the Company. We derived the selected consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015 from our audited consolidated financial statements. The financial and operating data for the year ended December 31, 2018 includes the data for Coronado Curragh Pty Ltd, or Coronado Curragh, since the date of the acquisition, March 29, 2018. The selected consolidated financial and operating data are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period and should be read in conjunction with Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, earnings per share, or EPS, was calculated based on the 96,651,692 shares of common stock as if they had been outstanding from January 1, 2018 and is considered pro forma in nature.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 71

Table of Contents

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of our Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

Our results for the year ended December 31, 2019 benefited from (1) the continued strength for metallurgical coal pricing during the first half of the year as seaborne coking coal markets remained well balanced, supported by moderate growth in global steel production and (2) the inclusion of a full year’s operating performance for Curragh since it was acquired on March 29, 2018. However, the second half of the year presented several challenges as market conditions deteriorated due to a decline in global steel demand and oversupply of metallurgical coal production which resulted in the lowest premium low volume, or PLV, hard coking coal pricing in three years. By the end of 2019, PLV F.O.B prices declined 28% since the end of June from $195 per Mt to $140 per Mt at the end of December. Despite these challenges, the Curragh mine had its best sales year on record, underpinned by further gains in the operational efficiency of our dragline fleet and enhanced CHPP reliability. The planned September maintenance shutdown, which was extended into early October, contributed with the overall reliability of the plant infrastructure.

The unresolved trade discussions between the United States and China adversely impacted our U.S. Operations with significantly reduced coal shipments to China in the third and fourth quarters. The combination of the China tariffs and materially low prices in the fourth quarter further reduced shipments to China which resulted in substantial increases in inventory volumes at Buchanan. On January 15, 2020, the United States and China signed a trade agreement which requires China to import a wide range of products from the United States including metallurgical coal. We expect the trade agreement will result in increased shipments to the Chinese market from our U.S. Operations beginning in the first or second quarter of 2020. In addition, seaborne markets have shown signs of stabilization and the U.S. China trade agreement is expected to stimulate global demand for steel and seaborne coking coal.

Our Australian Operations located in Queensland continued to perform well as production and sales volumes in 2019 exceeded the comparative pro forma volumes for 2018. Metallurgical coals sales volume increased 9.2% year on year (pro forma) and represented 74% of total sales volumes from Curragh. Mining cost per ton decreased 15.9% and operating costs per ton decreased 10.7% year on year (pro forma) benefiting from cost management and favorable exchange rates. In 2019, we began initial plans to expand Curragh’s surface production volumes from the existing reserve base and expect to maintain or improve Curragh’s competitive position in the market.

Our U.S. Operations’, consisting of the Buchanan, Logan and Greenbrier mining complexes located in Virginia and West Virginia, combined financial performance for 2019 exceeded the prior year despite soft market conditions and the escalation of the U.S. China trade dispute in the second half 2019. Buchanan reported lower sales volumes of 0.6 MMt, or 12.5% less than the previous year combined with soft market pricing in the second half 2019, which negatively impacted Buchanan’s results. However, stronger cost management kept mining costs per ton in balance with the previous year.

Logan’s results improved compared to the prior year reflecting stronger contract fixed pricing position in 2019 as metallurgical realization price per ton improved 28.2% over 2018 providing some cover from soft market conditions in the second half of 2019. Operationally, we continue to expand metallurgical coal production at Logan as we started production at a new underground mine and expanded our preparation plant capacity in the second half of 2019. In addition to the soft market conditions in the second half of 2019, Greenbrier experienced difficult mining conditions as mining costs per ton were significantly higher year on year. In 2019, Greenbrier changed production plans for future periods to minimize the impact of adverse geology and lower mining costs. In 2019, we began initial plans to develop our Pangburn-Shaner-Fallowfield coal reserves located in Pennsylvania.

In 2019, we produced and sold 20.2 MMt and 19.9 MMt of coal, respectively, from continuing operations. Metallurgical coal represented 79% our sales volume. Thermal sales represented the remaining 21% of our sales volume, primarily driven by a legacy contract with Stanwell assumed in the Curragh acquisition. As the evolution of Coronado continues, we are well positioned at our Australian Operations and U.S. Operations for volatile markets and future growth.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 280, Segment Reporting, we have adopted the following reporting segments: Curragh; Buchanan; Logan; and Greenbrier. In addition, “Other and Corporate” is not a reporting segment but is disclosed for the purposes of reconciliation to our consolidated financial statements.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 72

Table of Contents

Factors Affecting Comparability of our Financial Statements

Due to several factors, our historical results of operations are not comparable from period to period and may not be comparable to our financial results of operations in future periods. Set forth below is a brief description of the key factors impacting the comparability of our results of operations.

Curragh Acquisition

On March 29, 2018, we acquired Curragh from Wesfarmers Ltd, or Wesfarmers, for aggregate consideration, on the date of the transaction, of $563.8 million. We refer to this transaction as the Curragh acquisition. The operating results of Curragh have been included in our consolidated financial statements since March 29, 2018.

Corporate Reorganization Transaction

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company and Coronado Group LLC completed a common control reorganization of their legal entity structure, which we refer to as the Reorganization Transaction. Prior to the Reorganization Transaction in August 2018, Coronado Group HoldCo LLC, the holding company of our Australian Operations, was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Coronado Group LLC.

The Company is a corporation for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes. The Company’s accounting predecessor, Coronado Group LLC, was and is treated as a pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes and as such, has generally not been subject to U.S. federal income tax at the entity level.

The Reorganization Transaction was treated as a combination of entities under common control in line with ASC 805, Business Combinations, whereby the receiving entity (the Company) recorded the contributed assets and liabilities at the carrying value of Coronado Group LLC. Prior to the Reorganization Transaction, the consolidated financial statements of the Company reflect the net assets and operations of Coronado Group LLC. The financial statements presented following the Reorganization Transaction are those of the receiving entity (the Company) and are retrospectively adjusted to present that entity as if it always held the net assets or equity interests previously held by the seller, Coronado Group LLC. As such, financial information (including comparatives) of the Company has been presented as a continuation of the pre-existing accounting values of assets and liabilities in Coronado Group LLC’s financial statements.

Australian IPO

On October 23, 2018, we completed the Australian IPO, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold the equivalent of 16,651,692 shares of common stock in the form of CDIs and the EMG Group sold the equivalent of 2,691,896.4 shares of common stock in the form of CDIs.

Results of Operations

How We Evaluate Our Operations

We evaluate our operations based on the volume of coal we can safely produce and sell in compliance with regulatory standards, and the prices we receive for our coal. Our sales volume and sales prices are largely dependent upon the terms of our coal sales contracts, for which prices generally are set based on daily index averages, on a quarterly basis or annual fixed price contracts.

Our management uses a variety of financial and operating metrics to analyze our performance. These metrics are significant factors in assessing our operating results and profitability. These financial and operating metrics include: (i) safety and environmental metrics; (ii) total sales volumes and average realized price per Mt sold, which we define as total coal revenues divided by total sales volume; (iii) Met sales volumes and average realized Met price per Mt sold, which we define as Met coal revenues divided by Met sales volume; (iv) average segment mining costs per Mt sold, which we define as mining costs divided by sales volumes for the respective segment; and (v) average segment operating costs per Mt sold, which we define as segment operating costs divided by sales volumes for the respective segment.

Coal revenues are shown on our statement of operations and comprehensive income exclusive of other revenues. Generally, export sale contracts for our Australian Operations require us to bear the cost of freight from our mines to the applicable outbound shipping port, while freight costs from the port to the end destination are typically borne by the customer. Sales to the export market from our U.S. Operations are generally conducted through an intermediary where title to the coal passes to the intermediary at the mine load out similar to a domestic sale. For our domestic sales, customers typically bear the cost of freight. As such, freight expenses are excluded from cost of coal revenues to allow for consistency and comparability in evaluating our operating performance.

We evaluate our mining cost on a cost per metric ton basis. Mining costs, a non-GAAP measure, is based on reported cost of coal revenues, which is shown on our statement of operations and comprehensive income exclusive of freight

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 73

Table of Contents

expense, Stanwell rebate, other royalties, depreciation, depletion and amortization and selling, general and administrative expenses, adjusted for other items that do not relate directly to the costs incurred to produce coal at mine. Mining costs excludes these cost components as our CODM does not view these costs as directly attributable to the production of coal. Mining costs is used as a supplemental financial measure by management, providing an accurate view of the costs directly attributable to the production of coal at our mining segments, and by external users of our financial statements, such as investors, industry analysts and ratings agencies, to assess our mine operating performance in comparison to the mine operating performance of other companies in the coal industry.

Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, is defined as earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, depletion and amortization, other foreign exchange losses and loss on debt extinguishment. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to serve as an alternative to U.S. GAAP measures of performance and may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures presented by other companies. A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable measure under U.S. GAAP is included below. In addition, we present Adjusted EBITDA on a supplemental pro forma basis. A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, on a pro forma basis, to its most directly comparable measure under U.S. GAAP is included below.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as Adjusted EBITDA by operating and reporting segment, adjusted for certain transactions, eliminations or adjustments that our CODM does not consider for making decisions to allocate resources among segments or assessing segment performance. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is used as a supplemental financial measure by management and by external users of our financial statements such as investors, industry analysts and lenders to assess the operating performance of the business.

Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018

Summary

The financial and operational highlights for the year ended December 31, 2019:

Sales volume totaled 19.9 MMt for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2.5 MMt higher than the year ended December 31, 2018, predominantly due to the acquisition of Curragh on March 29, 2018 and realizing a full year of operations in 2019 from Curragh. Sales volumes in the second half of 2019, were impacted by reduced production due to scheduled mine and rail maintenance at Curragh and by reduced shipments from Buchanan to China due to increased import tariffs on U.S. coal.

Net income increased by $190.9 million, from $114.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, to $305.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, reflecting increases in operating income, predominantly due to a full years operation of Curragh, lower interest expense, no loss on debt extinguishment of $58.1 million in 2018 and lower selling, general and administrative and other expenses, partially offset by higher income tax expense.

Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2019 totaled $634.2 million, an increase of $157.2 million, from Adjusted EBITDA of $477.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, predominantly due to the full year operation of Curragh since acquisition.

Cash generated from operating activities of $477.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $112.6 million from $364.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 predominately due to the full twelve-month contribution of earnings from Curragh. This was partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures to $183.3 million from $114.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paid dividends and other distributions of $696.1 million, which was funded by available cash and external borrowings. As at December 31, 2019 the Company had $330.0 million of external borrowings outstanding.

As of December 31, 2019, Coronado had cash of $26.3 million (excluding restricted cash) and $220.0 million of availability under the Syndicated Facility Agreement.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 74

Table of Contents

Coal Revenues

Coal revenues were $2,174.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $228.7 million, as compared to $1,945.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Curragh contributed $294.1 million in additional coal revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the comparative partial period which includes coal revenues since its acquisition on March 29, 2018 through December 31, 2018. The positive revenue performance, which was largely a result of increased sales volumes from Curragh, was partially offset by the adverse impacts of lower average realized Met coal price of $128.8 per Mt sold for the year ended December 31, 2019, $9.8 per Mt below the realized price for year ended December 31, 2018 of $138.6 per Mt sold.

Other Revenues

Other revenues were $41.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $6.5 million, as compared to $34.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase is predominantly related to Curragh, which recorded an additional $5.6 million amortization of the Stanwell CSA liability (recognized on acquisition of Curragh) for the year ended December 31, 2019 as a result of higher thermal coal sales volumes to Stanwell.

Cost of Coal Revenues (Exclusive of Items Shown Separately Below)

Cost of coal revenues are comprised of costs directly related to produced tons sold, including changes to coal inventory including volume and carrying value of coal inventory. Cost of coal revenues include items such as employee-related costs, materials and supplies, contractor services, coal handling and preparation costs and production taxes. Total cost of coal revenues were $1,047.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $55.4 million, as compared to $992.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Of this increase $131.2 million was attributable to Curragh which had a full twelve-month contribution of costs in 2019 compared to a partial post acquisition period from March 29, 2018 in the comparative period. Partially offsetting this increase were (1) lower mining cost at our U.S. Operations, a decrease of $37.0 million compared to 2018, due to lower sales volume, (2) favorable average foreign exchange rate on translation of the Curragh operations of A$/US$: 0.69 versus 0.74 for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 and (3) the unwind of a $21.4 million fair value adjustment recognized to coal inventories on acquisition of Curragh that was unwound during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 75

Table of Contents

Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization

Depreciation, depletion and amortization was $176.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $14.4 million, as compared to $162.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily a result of Curragh’s additional contribution for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the comparative period given Curragh was acquired on March 29, 2018 and higher capital expenditure during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year.

Freight Expenses

Freight expenses totaled $166.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $49.0 million, as compared to $117.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase is primarily due to additional freight expenses of $42.4 million in 2019 attributable to Curragh which had lower freight expenses in 2018 given it was only acquired on March 29, 2018. Partially offsetting this increase was a favorable average foreign exchange rate on translation of the Curragh operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. In addition, the U.S. Operations incurred higher freight expenses related to certain contract sales in 2019 that required us to arrange delivery which did not exist in 2018.

Other Royalties

Other royalties were $157.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $24.7 million, as compared to $181.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease is primarily due to lower CONSOL Energy royalty of $ 36.7 million, related to mark-to-market adjustment and one less year remaining in the contingent payment period. The decrease was partially offset by a full year of Curragh operations in 2019.

Stanwell Rebate

The Stanwell rebate was $175.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $47.6 million, as compared to $127.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase is primarily due to a full year ownership of Curragh in 2019, post-acquisition on March 29, 2018.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative costs were $36.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $30.1 million, as compared to $66.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to one-off, non-recurring costs incurred in relation to the Curragh acquisition in 2018 relating to stamp duty of $30.2 million (A$43.0 million).

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net of interest income, was $39.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of $18.7 million, as compared to interest expense of $58.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. In 2018, the Company incurred interest expense of $42.7 million which largely related to a $700 million term loan that was established for the Curragh acquisition. This $700 million term loan was fully repaid on October 24, 2018 and replaced with the Syndicated Facility Agreement. Interest expense relating to amount drawn under the Syndicated Facility Agreement was $6.3 million for 2019. This decrease was partially offset by the accretion of the deferred consideration liability, recognized on the purchase of the SRA, on August 14, 2018, for the year ended December 31, 2019 which was $7.3 million higher compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 which only included accretion for part of the year.

Loss on Debt Extinguishment

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized a loss on debt extinguishment of $58.1 million relating to the extinguishment of a term loan that occurred in conjunction with the Curragh acquisition on March 29, 2018. There was no debt extinguishment cost for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Other, Net

Other, net was an income of $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $29.9 million, as compared to $27.2 million expense for the year ended December 31, 2018. This favorable variance is primarily comprised of non-recurring costs incurred in 2018 related to $15.7 million loss on the settlement of a foreign exchange swaps recognized at the time of the Curragh acquisition, fair value adjustment of $4.9 million on interest rate swaps that were in place during the year ended December 31, 2018 and favorable average foreign exchange rate on translation of the Curragh operations from A$ to US$ for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 76

Table of Contents

Income tax expense

Income tax expense of $114.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $39.5 million, as compared to $75.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The 2019 income tax expense is based on an effective tax rate of 27.3%. The 2018 period included $40.5 million deferred tax recognized as a result of the Reorganization Transaction.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 77

Table of Contents

Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2017

Summary

The financial and operational highlights for the Year Ended December 31, 2018:

We acquired Curragh on March 29, 2018. Financial results for Curragh are included from March 29, 2018 within the financial information for our financial statements.

Mt sold totaled 17.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, or 8.9 MMt higher than the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to the acquisition of Curragh.

Coal markets remained strong throughout 2018 as revenues averaged $21.35 per Mt higher in 2018 as compared to 2017, primarily due to strong global demand and tighter supply dynamics.

Net income decreased by $27.7 million, from $142.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, to $114.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, reflecting increases in operating income, more than offset by increases in interest expense, loss on debt extinguishment, other and income tax expense.

Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2018 totaled $477.0 million, an increase of $249.3 million, from $227.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, driven by factors mentioned above, including nine months of earnings of Curragh since the date of acquisition on March 29, 2018.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $364.8 million was partially offset by capital expenditures of $114.3 million.

As of December 31, 2018, we had cash of $124.7 million (excluding restricted cash) and $350.0 of undrawn facility available under the Syndicated Facility Agreement.

Borrowings, excluding capital finance leases, outstanding from December 31, 2017 and additional funds borrowed for the Curragh acquisition in 2018 were fully repaid in October 2018.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 78

Table of Contents

Coal Revenues

Coal revenues were $1,945.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $1,189.2 million, as compared to $756.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The addition of Curragh contributed $1,136.1 million in coal revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018 that were not included within coal revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017. Coal revenues for our operating segments in the United States (Buchanan, Logan and Greenbrier) of $809.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, were $53.1 million higher than coal revenues of $756.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase in sales for the operating segments in the United States was driven by higher average realized prices partially offset by a reduction in sales volumes due to reduced availability of third-party raw coal for purchase, processing and resale, and lower production related to lower clean coal yield resulting from changes in mining conditions.

Other Revenues

Other revenues were $34.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $23.0 million, as compared to $11.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase is predominantly related to the addition of Curragh, which recorded $28.3 million in other revenues relating to the amortization of the Stanwell non-market CSA liability recognized at the acquisition of Curragh for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase related to the addition of Curragh was partially offset by $6.5 million lower other revenues for the operating segments in the United States for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 2017. In the United States, we generally sell coal on a F.O.R. basis where the freight is arranged and paid for directly by the customer. However, in 2017, we had several contracts with customers that had terms of F.O.B vessel rather than F.O.R. Due to the contract terms, rail revenue is recorded when the customer is billed for the cost to ship the coal to the vessel. We did not have similar contracts in 2018.

Cost of Coal Revenues (Exclusive of Items Shown Separately Below)

Cost of coal revenues are comprised of production costs directly related to producing tons sold adjusted for changes to coal inventory including volume and carrying value of coal inventory. Cost of coal revenues include items such as employee-related costs, materials and supplies, contractor services, coal handling and preparation costs and production taxes. Total cost of coal revenues for the Company were $992.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $528.4 million, as compared to $463.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. Approximately $491.8 million of the increase was attributable to the addition of Curragh. The remaining $36.6 million increase was primarily attributed to increases in the average mining costs per Mt sold. The increase in the average mining costs per Mt sold was predominantly driven by lower overall production for our U.S. Operations during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017.

Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization

Depreciation, depletion and amortization was $162.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $86.6 million, as compared to $75.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily a result of the addition of Curragh, which contributed approximately $77.5 million in depreciation, depletion and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2018, and by higher depreciation expense associated with our operating segments in the United States (Buchanan, Logan and Greenbrier), predominantly driven by a large credit adjustment relating to a change in estimate of the asset retirement obligation, or ARO, recorded for the year ended December 31, 2017 of $6.4 million compared to $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Freight Expenses

The amount of freight expenses was $117.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $101.8 million, as compared to $15.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase is primarily made up of $106.3 million of Curragh related freight costs, which the business incurs on its port and rail contracts in contrast to our operating segments in the United States, where coal is predominantly sold F.O.R. The freight amount for our operating segments in the United States (Buchanan, Logan and Greenbrier) of $11.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 decreased by $4.7 million, as compared to $15.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease is primarily driven by lower sales in 2018 to customers that included freight arrangements where the Company paid the delivery costs.

Other Royalties

Other royalties were $181.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $142.0 million, as compared to $39.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase is partially attributed to the addition of Curragh, which contributed approximately $120.0 million in other royalty expense for the year ended December 31, 2018. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to our U.S. Operations royalties, which increased by $22.1 million. This increase was predominantly driven by increased prices, with the largest individual royalty increase of $16.0 million relating to the CONSOL Energy contingent royalty.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 79

Table of Contents

Stanwell Rebate

The Stanwell rebate of $127.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 relates to a contractual arrangement entered into by Curragh and Stanwell, which requires rebate payments to Stanwell based on (i) export sales prices and tonnage from the Curragh North Mining Area and Curragh East Mining Area and (ii) ROM tons mined in the Curragh ‘Pit U East Area.’ The export-based rebate consists of a price rebate and a tonnage rebate that changes based on a tiered volume calculation, as described in Item 1. “Business.” The Stanwell rebate is captured within Adjusted EBITDA; however, it is presented in a separate line item in the statement of operations to cost of coal revenues.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative cost was $66.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $44.4 million, as compared to $21.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase is driven by cost incurred as a result of the Curragh acquisition, most significantly stamp duty cost of $33.0 million and $8.1 million in professional service and legal fees.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net of interest income, was $58.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $48.0 million, as compared to interest expense of $10.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. This increase in interest expense was primarily attributable to the interest expense recognized on the $700 million term loan facility which the Company entered into on March 29, 2018 for the Curragh acquisition and repaid on October 24, 2018. In addition, included within interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 is $7.3 million relating to the accretion of the deferred consideration liability recognized on the purchase of the SRA on August 14, 2018.

Loss on Debt Extinguishment

Loss on debt extinguishment was $58.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and related to the write off of deferred financing costs incurred with an asset backed loan established in June 2017 and the $700 million term loan established for the Curragh acquisition. These debt facilities were repaid on October 23, 2018 and October 24, 2018, respectively, at which point the outstanding deferred financing cost were written off. No debt extinguishment cost was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Other, Net

Other, net expense was $27.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, an increase of $27.7 million, as compared to other, net income $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. This increase in expenses is primarily comprised of a $15.7 million loss on the settlement of a foreign exchange swap recognized at the time of the Curragh acquisition and $9.0 million of foreign exchange losses with respect to A$ denominated monetary assets and liabilities, excluding assets relating to U.S. dollar coal sales for which foreign exchange gains or losses are recognized in coal sales revenue.

Coronado Global Resources Inc. Form 10-K December 31, 2019 80

Table of Contents

Supplemental Segment Financial Data

Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018

Curragh

To facilitate comparability, the unaudited pro forma supplemental financial data of Curragh for the year ended December 31, 2018, presented in the table below, has been derived from the unaudited consolidated pro forma statements of operations included in this MD&A and gives effect to the Curragh acquisition as if it had occurred on January 1, 2018.

A reconciliation of unaudited pro forma financial data is shown below: