COSTAR GROUP, INC. - Quarter Report: 2015 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number 0-24531

CoStar Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		52-2091509
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1331 L Street, NW

Washington, DC 20005

(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)

(202) 346-6500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(877) 739-0486

(Registrant’s facsimile number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of October 23, 2015, there were 32,488,830 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	4

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	42

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	43

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	44

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	44

Item 5.	Other Information	44

Item 6.	Exhibits	44

Signatures		45

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.	Financial Statements

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenues	$	189,078		$	153,056		$	518,755		$	419,840
Cost of revenues	53,728			40,932			143,758			114,056
Gross margin	135,350			112,124			374,997			305,784

Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	80,506			40,668			242,418			109,302
Software development	17,048			14,227			49,040			41,721
General and administrative	31,074			25,388			86,346			76,535
Purchase amortization	7,153			8,361			21,260			20,696
	135,781			88,644			399,064			248,254
Income (loss) from operations	(431		)	23,480			(24,067		)	57,530
Interest and other income	42			46			473			245
Interest and other expense	(2,363		)	(2,698		)	(7,060		)	(8,066		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	(2,752		)	20,828			(30,654		)	49,709
Income tax expense (benefit), net	2,610			7,871			(4,199		)	18,763
Net income (loss)	$	(5,362	)	$	12,957		$	(26,455	)	$	30,946

Net income (loss) per share — basic	$	(0.17	)	$	0.41		$	(0.83	)	$	1.04
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	$	(0.17	)	$	0.40		$	(0.83	)	$	1.03

Weighted average outstanding shares — basic	31,980			31,742			31,934			29,692
Weighted average outstanding shares — diluted	31,980			32,075			31,934			30,134

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Net income (loss)	$	(5,362	)	$	12,957		$	(26,455	)	$	30,946
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(965		)	(1,413		)	(719		)	(452		)
Net decrease in unrealized loss on investments	8			42			256			241
Total other comprehensive loss	(957		)	(1,371		)	(463		)	(211		)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(6,319	)	$	11,586		$	(26,918	)	$	30,735

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)



	September 30, 2015		December 31, 2014
ASSETS	(unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	375,509	$	527,012
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of approximately $7,627 and $4,815 as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively	51,066		38,694
Deferred and other income taxes, net	35,246		20,007
Income tax receivable	1,027		1,027
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	10,350		9,736
Debt issuance costs, net	3,276		3,335
Total current assets	476,474		599,811

Long-term investments	15,507		17,151
Property and equipment, net	87,627		73,753
Goodwill	1,249,945		1,138,805
Intangible assets, net	250,813		241,622
Deposits and other assets	2,933		2,676
Debt issuance costs, net	7,437		9,864
Total assets	$	2,090,736	$	2,083,682
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	20,000	$	20,000
Accounts payable	14,210		8,608
Accrued wages and commissions	30,197		23,155
Accrued expenses	39,272		27,001
Deferred gain on the sale of building	2,523		2,523
Income taxes payable	11,702		—
Deferred rent	1,104		—
Deferred revenue	43,910		38,003
Total current liabilities	162,918		119,290

Long-term debt, less current portion	350,000		365,000
Deferred gain on the sale of building	21,870		23,762
Deferred rent	29,927		27,032
Deferred income taxes, net	11,262		30,349
Income taxes payable	4,801		4,703
Total liabilities	580,778		570,136

Total stockholders’ equity	1,509,958		1,513,546
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,090,736	$	2,083,682

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(26,455	)	$	30,946
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	14,445			11,089
Amortization	44,562			39,644
Amortization of debt issuance costs	2,486			2,459
Impairment loss	2,778			1,799
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	(7,970		)	(28,167		)
Stock-based compensation expense	25,169			20,906
Deferred income tax benefit, net	(13,702		)	(1,236		)
Provision for losses on accounts receivable	5,490			3,798
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(13,279		)	(11,575		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	263			(2,306		)
Deposits and other assets	411			(68		)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	30,085			24,712
Deferred revenue	5,433			4,035
Net cash provided by operating activities	69,716			96,036

Investing activities:
Proceeds from sale and settlement of investments	1,900			1,150
Purchases of property and equipment and other assets	(27,953		)	(20,865		)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(177,476		)	(584,218		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(203,529		)	(603,933		)

Financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt	—			550,000
Payments of long-term debt	(15,000		)	(313,125		)
Payments of debt issuance costs	—			(9,969		)
Payments of deferred consideration	—			(1,344		)
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	7,970			28,167
Repurchase of restricted stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations	(15,816		)	(49,998		)
Proceeds from equity offering, net of transaction costs	—			529,360
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan	5,350			5,157
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(17,496		)	738,248

Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(194		)	(109		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(151,503		)	230,242
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period	527,012			255,953
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period	$	375,509		$	486,195

See accompanying notes.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)


1.	ORGANIZATION

CoStar Group, Inc. (the “Company” or “CoStar”) provides information, analytics and online marketplace services to the commercial real estate and related business community through its comprehensive, proprietary database of commercial real estate information covering the United States (“U.S.”), the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), parts of Canada, Madrid, Spain and parts of France. The Company provides online marketplaces for commercial real estate, apartment rentals, lands for sale and businesses for sale. The Company operates within two operating segments, North America and International, and its services are typically distributed to its clients under subscription-based license agreements that renew automatically, a majority of which have a term of one year.


2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Accounting policies are consistent for each operating segment.

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, its comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.

Certain notes and other information have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of future financial results.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, recoverability of long-lived assets and intangible assets with definite lives, goodwill, income taxes, fair value of equity instruments, fair value of auction rate securities, accounting for business combinations, contingencies, among others. The Company bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and recorded revenue and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs include e-commerce, television, radio, print and other media advertising. Advertising costs were approximately $33.5 million and $8.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Advertising costs were approximately $112.5 million and $20.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES — (CONTINUED)

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s functional currency in its foreign locations is the local currency. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates as of the balance sheet dates. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during each period. Gains and losses resulting from translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Net gains or losses resulting from foreign currency exchange transactions are included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. There were no material gains or losses from foreign currency exchange transactions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
Foreign currency translation adjustment	$	(6,412	)	$	(5,693	)
Accumulated net unrealized loss on investments, net of tax	(435		)	(691		)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(6,847	)	$	(6,384	)

There were no amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period on a basic and diluted basis. The Company’s potentially dilutive securities include stock options and restricted stock. Diluted net income (loss) per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except in periods in which there is a net loss, as the inclusion of the potentially dilutive common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect.

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share data):



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
Numerator:	2015			2014		2015			2014
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	(5,362	)	$	12,957	$	(26,455	)	$	30,946
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income (loss) per share — weighted-average outstanding shares	31,980			31,742		31,934			29,692
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock	—			333		—			442
Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per share — weighted-average outstanding shares	31,980			32,075		31,934			30,134

Net income (loss) per share — basic	$	(0.17	)	$	0.41	$	(0.83	)	$	1.04
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	$	(0.17	)	$	0.40	$	(0.83	)	$	1.03

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES — (CONTINUED)

Net Income (Loss) Per Share — (Continued)

The Company did not consider the impact of potentially dilutive securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 when calculating the diluted net loss per share because the inclusion of the potentially dilutive common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect. Stock options to purchase approximately 80,000 shares that were outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than the average market share price of the common stock during the period. Additionally, shares underlying restricted common stock awards and restricted stock units that vest based on Company performance and/or service conditions that have not been achieved as of the end of the period are not included in the computation of basic or diluted earnings per share. The following table summarizes the shares underlying the performance-based restricted stock awards and service-based restricted stock units excluded from the basic and diluted calculation (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015	2014	2015	2014
Performance-based restricted stock awards	55	23	55	23
Service-based restricted stock units	1	1	1	1
Total shares excluded from computation	56	24	56	24

Stock-Based Compensation

Equity instruments issued in exchange for employee services are accounted for using a fair-value based method and the fair value of such equity instruments is recognized as expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date of the stock-based awards that vest over set time periods based on their fair values, and is recognized on a straight line basis as expense over the vesting periods of the awards, net of an estimated forfeiture rate. For equity instruments that vest based on performance, the Company assesses the probability of the achievement of the performance conditions at the end of each reporting period, or more frequently based upon the occurrence of events that may change the probability of whether the performance conditions would be met. If the Company's initial estimates of the achievement of the performance conditions change, the related stock-based compensation expense and timing of recognition may fluctuate from period to period based on those estimates. For equity instruments that vest based on a performance condition and a market condition, the Company estimates the fair value of each equity instrument granted on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. This pricing model uses multiple simulations to evaluate the probability of achieving the market condition to calculate the fair value of the awards. Stock-based compensation expense is updated based on the expected achievement of the related performance conditions at the end of each reporting period. If the performance conditions are not met, no stock-based compensation expense will be recognized, and any previously recognized stock-based compensation expense will be reversed.

Cash flows resulting from excess tax benefits are classified as part of cash flows from operating and financing activities. Excess tax benefits represent tax benefits for stock-based compensation in excess of the associated deferred tax asset for such equity compensation recorded as an increase to stockholders' equity. Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options and the purchase of shares under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) were approximately $646,000 and $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options and the purchase of shares under the ESPP were approximately $5.4 million and $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company realized approximately $418,000 and $1.3 million of excess tax benefits from stock options exercised and restricted stock awards vested for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, respectively. The Company realized approximately $8.0 million and $28.2 million of excess tax benefits from stock options exercised and restricted stock awards vested for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES — (CONTINUED)

Stock-Based Compensation — (Continued)

Stock-based compensation expense for stock options and restricted stock issued under equity incentive plans and stock purchases under the ESPP included in the Company’s results of operations were as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2015		2014
Cost of revenues	$	1,533	$	1,067	$	4,242	$	3,331
Selling and marketing	1,411		954		3,595		2,729
Software development	1,602		1,179		4,318		3,867
General and administrative	4,766		3,447		13,014		10,979
Total stock-based compensation	$	9,312	$	6,647	$	25,169	$	20,906

There were no options exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2015. Options to purchase 20,366 shares were exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2014. Options to purchase 41,068 and 66,201 shares were exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Debt Issuance Costs

Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of long-term debt are capitalized and amortized as interest expense over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method. Upon a refinancing, previously capitalized debt issuance costs are expensed and included in loss on extinguishment of debt if the Company determines that there has been a substantial modification of the related debt. If the Company determines that there has not been a substantial modification of the related debt, any previously capitalized debt issuance costs are amortized as interest expense over the term of the new debt instrument using the effective interest method. The Company had capitalized debt issuance costs of approximately $10.7 million and $13.2 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The debt issuance costs are associated with the financing commitment received from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“J.P. Morgan Bank”) on April 27, 2011, the subsequent term loan facility and revolving credit facility established under a credit agreement dated February 16, 2012 (the “2012 Credit Agreement”), the financing commitment received from J.P. Morgan Bank, Bank of America, N.A., SunTrust Bank and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association on February 28, 2014, and the subsequent term loan facility and revolving credit facility established under a credit agreement dated April 1, 2014 (the “2014 Credit Agreement”). See Note 8 for additional information regarding the term loan facility and revolving credit facility. The Company amortized debt issuance costs of approximately $830,000 and $904,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company amortized debt issuance costs of approximately $2.5 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

Business Combinations

The Company allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired customer bases, acquired database technology, and acquired trade names from a market participant's perspective, useful lives and discount rates. During the measurement period, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings. See Note 3 for additional information regarding the Company's recent business combinations.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES — (CONTINUED)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no developments to the Recent Accounting Pronouncements discussion included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, except for the following:

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) jointly issued a new revenue recognition standard that is designed to improve financial reporting by creating common recognition guidance for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). This guidance provides a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues, improves the comparability of revenue recognition practices across industries, provides more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosure requirements and simplifies the presentation of financial statements. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance permits the use of either a full retrospective method or a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach would be applied only to the most current period presented along with a cumulative-effect adjustment at the date of adoption. The original effective date of the new standard was for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. In August 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that defers by one year the effective date of this new revenue recognition standard. As a result, the new standard will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with an option that permits companies to adopt the standard as early as the original effective date. Early application prior to the original effective date is not permitted. The Company has not yet determined when it will adopt the standard and it has not selected a transition method and is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued authoritative guidance to simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. This guidance requires a company to present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by this guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to address the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. The guidance allows an entity to present debt issuance costs related to a line-of-credit arrangement as an asset and subsequently amortize the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings under the line-of-credit arrangement. The April 2015 guidance and the August 2015 guidance are effective on a retrospective basis for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is permitted. The April 2015 guidance and the August 2015 guidance are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position, but will require changes to the presentation of the consolidated balance sheets and the notes to the consolidated financial statements.


3.	ACQUISITIONS

Apartments.com

On February 28, 2014, the Company and Classified Ventures, LLC (“CV”) entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, on April 1, 2014 (the “Closing Date”), the Company purchased from CV certain assets and assumed certain liabilities, in each case, related to the Apartments.com business (collectively referred to herein as “Apartments.com”). Apartments.com is a national online apartment rentals resource for renters, property managers and owners. Apartments.com offers renters a searchable database of apartment listings and provides professional property management companies and landlords with an advertising destination. Renters can conduct personalized searches of apartment listings and view video demonstrations and community reviews through the Apartments.com website and mobile applications. The Apartments.com network of rental websites also includes ApartmentHomeLiving.com, another national online apartment rentals resource. The acquisition increased the Company's presence in the multifamily vertical.

In consideration for the purchase of Apartments.com, on April 1, 2014, the Company paid $587.1 million in cash, including an estimated $2.1 million in connection with a preliminary net working capital adjustment as of the Closing Date. Pursuant to the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement, the purchase price was reduced by approximately $2.9 million following the final determination of the net working capital of Apartments.com as of the Closing Date, and CV paid the Company $2.9 million on July 9, 2014.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


3.	ACQUISITIONS — (CONTINUED)

Apartments.com — (Continued)

The Company applied the acquisition method to account for the Apartments.com transaction, which requires that, among other things, assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the amounts for acquired assets and liabilities recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date (in thousands):



Accounts receivable	$	11,402
Goodwill	421,724
Acquired trade names and other intangible assets	71,779
Acquired customer base	69,684
Acquired database technology	11,489
Acquired building photography	1,006
Other assets and liabilities	(2,866		)
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired	$	584,218

The net assets of Apartments.com were recorded at their estimated fair value. In valuing acquired assets and liabilities, fair value estimates were based on, but were not limited to, future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations, and appropriate discount rates.

The acquired customer base for the acquisition consists of one distinct intangible asset, is composed of acquired customer contracts and the related customer relationships, and has an estimated useful life of ten years. The acquired database technology had an estimated useful life of one year due to the Company's intent to replace the acquired database technology, which occurred in February of 2015. The acquired trade names and other intangible assets have a weighted average estimated useful life of thirteen years. The acquired building photography has an estimated useful life of three years. Amortization of the acquired customer base is recognized on an accelerated basis related to the expected economic benefit of the intangible asset, while amortization of the acquired database technology, acquired building photography and acquired trade names and other intangible assets are recognized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives. Goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is not amortized, but is subject to annual impairment tests. The $421.7 million of goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition is associated with the Company's North America operating segment and the entire amount of goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes in future periods.

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Apartments.com acquisition includes but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining its operations with Apartments.com's operations; and (ii) any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce.

As a result of the acquisition of Apartments.com, the Company recorded approximately $1.4 million in acquisition-related costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. These costs include expenses directly related to acquiring Apartments.com, were expensed as incurred and were recorded in general and administrative expense. The Company did not record any acquisition-related costs as result of the acquisition of Apartments.com for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The Company did not record any acquisition-related costs as result of the acquisition of Apartments.com for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Apartment Finder

Pursuant to the definitive agreement and plan of merger with Network Communications, Inc. (“NCI”) dated April 27, 2015 (the “Merger Agreement”), on June 1, 2015, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding stock of NCI and the related Apartment Finder business (collectively referred to herein as “Apartment Finder”) from the former stockholders of NCI. Apartment Finder provides lead generation, advertising and internet marketing solutions to property managers and owners through its main service, ApartmentFinder.com. The acquisition furthered the Company's expansion into the multifamily vertical.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


3.	ACQUISITIONS — (CONTINUED)

Apartment Finder — (Continued)

In consideration for the purchase of Apartment Finder, on June 1, 2015, the Company paid $172.7 million in cash, including an estimated $2.7 million in connection with a preliminary net working capital adjustment as of the closing date. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement and plan of merger, the purchase price was increased by approximately $21,000 following the final determination of the net working capital of NCI as of the closing date, and this amount was paid to NCI in the third quarter of 2015.

The Company applied the acquisition method to account for the Apartment Finder transaction, which requires that, among other things, assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the preliminary amounts for acquired assets and liabilities recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date (in thousands):



Cash and cash equivalents	$	39
Accounts receivable	4,556
Goodwill	107,692
Acquired trade names and other intangible assets	23,642
Acquired customer base	21,856
Acquired database technology	4,076
Acquired building photography	2,425
Deferred income taxes, net	9,290
Other assets and liabilities	(849		)
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired	$	172,727

The net assets of Apartment Finder were recorded at their estimated fair value. In valuing acquired assets and liabilities, fair value estimates were based on, but were not limited to, future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations, and appropriate discount rates.

The acquired customer base for the acquisition consisted of three distinct intangible assets, is composed of acquired customer contracts and the related customer relationships, and has a weighted average estimated useful life of ten years. The acquired database technology has an estimated useful life of five months due to the Company's intent to replace the acquired database technology in 2015. The acquired trade names and other intangible assets have a weighted average estimated useful life of nine years. The acquired building photography has an estimated useful life of five months due to the Company's intent to replace the acquired building photographs in 2015. Amortization of the acquired customer base is recognized on an accelerated basis related to the expected economic benefit of the intangible asset, while amortization of the acquired database technology, acquired building photography and acquired trade names and other intangible assets are recognized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives. Goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is not amortized, but is subject to annual impairment tests. The $107.7 million of goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition is associated with the Company's North America operating segment. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes in future periods. The purchase accounting is preliminary subject to the completion of the accounting for certain tax related items.

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Apartment Finder acquisition includes but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining its operations with Apartment Finder's operations; and (ii) any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce.


4.	INVESTMENTS

The Company determines the appropriate classification of debt and equity investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. The Company considers all of its investments to be available-for-sale. The Company's investments consist of long-term variable rate debt instruments with an auction reset feature, referred to as auction rate securities (“ARS”). Investments are carried at fair value.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


4.	INVESTMENTS — (CONTINUED)

Scheduled maturities of investments classified as available-for-sale as of September 30, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):



Maturity	Fair Value
Due:
October 1, 2015 — September 30, 2016	$	—
October 1, 2016 — September 30, 2020	1,015
October 1, 2020 — September 30, 2025	—
After September 30, 2025	14,492
Available-for-sale investments	$	15,507

The Company had no realized gains on its investments for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. The Company had no realized losses on its investments for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined on a specific-identification basis.

Changes in unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity until realized. A decline in market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged to earnings and a new cost basis for the security is established. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.

As of September 30, 2015, the amortized cost basis and fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale were as follows (in thousands):



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Auction rate securities	$	15,942	$	572	$	(1,007	)	$	15,507
Available-for-sale investments	$	15,942	$	572	$	(1,007	)	$	15,507

As of December 31, 2014, the amortized cost basis and fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale were as follows (in thousands):



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Auction rate securities	$	17,842	$	380	$	(1,071	)	$	17,151
Available-for-sale investments	$	17,842	$	380	$	(1,071	)	$	17,151

The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were generated primarily from changes in interest rates and ARS that failed to settle at auction, due to adverse conditions in the global credit markets. The losses are considered temporary, as the contractual terms of these investments do not permit the issuer to settle the security at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because the Company does not intend to sell these instruments and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these instruments prior to anticipated recovery, which may be at maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. See Note 5 for further discussion of the fair value of the Company’s financial assets.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


4.	INVESTMENTS — (CONTINUED)

The components of the Company’s investments in an unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015					December 31, 2014
	Aggregate Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Aggregate Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Auction rate securities	$	14,492	$	(1,007	)	$	16,329	$	(1,071	)
Investments in an unrealized loss position	$	14,492	$	(1,007	)	$	16,329	$	(1,071	)

The Company did not have any investments in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.


5.	FAIR VALUE

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received in the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. There is a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which categorizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The following table represents the Company's fair value hierarchy for its financial assets (cash, cash equivalents and investments) measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2015 (in thousands):



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash	$	358,625	$	—	$	—	$	358,625
Money market funds	5,180		—		—		5,180
Commercial paper	11,704		—		—		11,704
Auction rate securities	—		—		15,507		15,507
Total assets measured at fair value	$	375,509	$	—	$	15,507	$	391,016



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash	$	160,275	$	—	$	—	$	160,275
Money market funds	310,482		—		—		310,482
Commercial paper	56,255		—		—		56,255
Auction rate securities	—		—		17,151		17,151
Total assets measured at fair value	$	527,012	$	—	$	17,151	$	544,163

The Company’s Level 3 assets consist of ARS, whose underlying assets are primarily student loan securities supported by guarantees from the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) of the U.S. Department of Education.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


5.	FAIR VALUE — (CONTINUED)

The following tables summarize changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Balance at beginning of period	$	16,049		$	21,639		$	17,151		$	21,990
Decrease in unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss	8			42			256			241
Settlements	(550		)	(600		)	(1,900		)	(1,150		)
Balance at end of period	$	15,507		$	21,081		$	15,507		$	21,081

The following table summarizes changes in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 assets from December 31, 2007 to September 30, 2015 (in thousands):



	Auction Rate Securities
Balance at December 31, 2007	$	53,975
Increase in unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,710		)
Settlements	(20,925		)
Balance at December 31, 2008	29,340
Decrease in unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss	684
Settlements	(300		)
Balance at December 31, 2009	29,724
Decrease in unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss	40
Settlements	(575		)
Balance at December 31, 2010	29,189
Decrease in unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss	245
Settlements	(4,850		)
Balance at December 31, 2011	24,584
Auction rate securities upon acquisition	442
Decrease in unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss	836
Settlements	(4,200		)
Balance at December 31, 2012	21,662
Decrease in unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss	378
Settlements	(50		)
Balance at December 31, 2013	21,990
Decrease in unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss	836
Settlements	(5,675		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	17,151
Decrease in unrealized loss included in accumulated other comprehensive loss	256
Settlements	(1,900		)
Balance at September 30, 2015	$	15,507

ARS are variable rate debt instruments whose interest rates are reset approximately every 28 days. The majority of the underlying securities have contractual maturities greater than twenty years. The ARS are recorded at fair value.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


5.	FAIR VALUE — (CONTINUED)

As of September 30, 2015, the Company held ARS with $16.8 million par value, all of which failed to settle at auction. The majority of these investments are of high credit quality with AAA credit ratings and are primarily student loan securities supported by guarantees from the FFELP of the U.S. Department of Education. The Company may not be able to liquidate and fully recover the carrying value of the ARS in the near term. As a result, these securities are classified as long-term investments in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2015.

While the Company continues to earn interest on its ARS investments at the contractual rate, these investments are not currently actively trading and therefore do not currently have a readily determinable market value. The estimated fair value of the ARS no longer approximates par value. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of its investment in ARS as of September 30, 2015. The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model include estimates for interest rates, credit spreads, timing and amount of contractual cash flows, liquidity risk premiums, expected holding periods and default risk. The Company updates the discounted cash flow model on a quarterly basis to reflect any changes in the assumptions used in the model and settlements of ARS investments that occurred during the period.

The only significant unobservable input in the discounted cash flow model is the discount rate. The discount rate used represents the Company's estimate of the yield expected by a market participant from the ARS investments. The weighted average discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was approximately 4.4% and 4.1%, respectively. Selecting another discount rate within the range used in the discounted cash flow model would not result in a significant change to the fair value of the ARS.

Based on this assessment of fair value, as of September 30, 2015, the Company determined there was a net decline in the fair value of its ARS investments of approximately $435,000. The decline was deemed to be a temporary impairment and recorded as an unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. In addition, while a majority of the ARS are currently rated AAA, if the issuers are unable to successfully close future auctions and/or their credit ratings deteriorate, the Company may be required to record additional unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss or an other-than-temporary impairment charge to earnings on these investments.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Financial Instruments

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require that its customers’ obligations to the Company be secured. The Company maintains reserves for estimated inherent credit losses, and such losses have been within management’s expectations. The large size and widespread nature of the Company’s customer base and the Company’s lack of dependence on any individual customer mitigates the risk of nonpayment of the Company’s accounts receivable. The carrying amount of the accounts receivable approximates the net realizable value. The carrying value of accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and long-term debt approximates fair value.


6.	GOODWILL

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment consist of the following (in thousands):



	North America		International			Total
Goodwill, December 31, 2013	$	692,639	$	25,948		$	718,587
Acquisition	421,724		—			421,724
Effect of foreign currency translation	—		(1,506		)	(1,506		)
Goodwill, December 31, 2014	1,114,363		24,442			1,138,805
Acquisitions	109,305		2,400			111,705
Effect of foreign currency translation	—		(565		)	(565		)
Goodwill, September 30, 2015	$	1,223,668	$	26,277		$	1,249,945

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


6.	GOODWILL — (CONTINUED)

The Company recorded goodwill of approximately $421.7 million in connection with the April 1, 2014 acquisition of Apartments.com. The Company recorded goodwill of approximately $107.7 million in connection with the June 1, 2015 acquisition of Apartment Finder and recorded goodwill of approximately $2.4 million in connection with the July 1, 2015 acquisition of the assets of Belbex Corporate, S.L., a small commercial real estate information provider operating in Madrid, Spain. Additionally, the Company recorded goodwill of approximately $1.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015 in connection with the acquisition of certain assets related to the business operations of Apartment Finder's independent distributors within various markets.


7.	INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands, except amortization period data):



	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014			Weighted- Average Amortization Period (in years)
Capitalized product development cost	$	2,243		$	2,140		4
Accumulated amortization	(2,163		)	(2,140		)
Capitalized product development cost, net	80			—

Building photography	17,649			14,943			4
Accumulated amortization	(15,217		)	(12,665		)
Building photography, net	2,432			2,278

Acquired database technology	81,898			88,739			5
Accumulated amortization	(63,226		)	(60,498		)
Acquired database technology, net	18,672			28,241

Acquired customer base	220,760			199,826			10
Accumulated amortization	(123,409		)	(102,443		)
Acquired customer base, net	97,351			97,383

Acquired trade names and other intangible assets ⁽¹⁾	154,266			128,171			12
Accumulated amortization	(21,988		)	(14,451		)
Acquired trade names and other intangible assets, net	132,278			113,720

Intangible assets, net	$	250,813		$	241,622

⁽¹⁾ The weighted-average amortization period for acquired trade names excludes $48.7 million for acquired trade names recorded in connection with the LoopNet acquisition on April 30, 2012, which amount is not amortized, but is subject to annual impairment tests.

In February 2015, as a result of the Company's product development efforts, it launched a new Apartments.com website with a cleaner look, information about actual rental availabilities, rents and other fees, and better search functionality. In conjunction with the launch, the Company ceased using the database technology acquired in the acquisition of Apartments.com. The Company evaluated the acquired database technology for impairment during the first quarter of 2015 and determined that the carrying value of the acquired database technology was impaired as the Company had ceased using the asset. The Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.4 million in cost of revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of operations within the Company's North America operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


7.	INTANGIBLE ASSETS — (CONTINUED)

In June 2015, following the June 1, 2015 acquisition of Apartment Finder, the Company decided to cease providing certain Apartment Finder services. Additionally, in June 2015, the Company decided to cease development work related to a development project within Apartment Finder. The Company evaluated the acquired customer base and acquired database technology for impairment during the second quarter of 2015 and based on that evaluation, determined that the customer base and database technology assets associated with the ceased services and development work were impaired as they were not expected to provide any economic benefit to the Company. The Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.4 million, most of which was recorded in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations within the Company's North America operating segment for the three months ended June 30, 2015.


8.	LONG-TERM DEBT

On April 1, 2014, the Company entered into the 2014 Credit Agreement by and among the Company, as Borrower, CoStar Realty Information, Inc., as Co-Borrower, the Lenders from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent. The 2014 Credit Agreement provides for a $400.0 million term loan facility and a $225.0 million revolving credit facility, each with a term of five years. The proceeds of the term loan facility and the initial borrowing of $150.0 million under the revolving credit facility on the Closing Date were used to refinance the 2012 Credit Agreement, including related fees and expenses, and to pay a portion of the consideration and transaction costs related to the acquisition of Apartments.com. The undrawn proceeds of the revolving credit facility are available for the Company's working capital needs and other general corporate purposes. During June 2014, the Company repaid the $150.0 million initial borrowing under the revolving credit facility. The carrying value of the term loan facility approximates fair value and can be estimated through Level 3 unobservable inputs using a valuation technique based on expected cash flows discounted using the current credit-adjusted risk-free rate, which approximates the rate of interest on the term loan facility at origination.

Effective April 1, 2014, the Company terminated the 2012 Credit Agreement and repaid all amounts outstanding thereunder, which amounts totaled $148.8 million. The Company evaluated the execution of the 2014 Credit Agreement and termination of the 2012 Credit Agreement and determined that the transactions did not qualify as an extinguishment of debt because the change in the present value of future cash flows between the initial term loan facility under the 2012 Credit Agreement and the new term loan facility under the 2014 Credit Agreement was not considered a substantial modification.

The revolving credit facility includes a subfacility for swingline loans of up to $10.0 million, and up to $10.0 million of the revolving credit facility is available for the issuance of letters of credit. The term loan facility will amortize in quarterly installments in amounts resulting in an annual amortization of 5% during each of the first, second and third years, 10% during the fourth year and 15% during the fifth year after the Closing Date, with the remainder payable at final maturity. The loans under the 2014 Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Company's option, either (i) during any interest period selected by the Company, at the London interbank offered rate for deposits in U.S. dollars with a maturity comparable to such interest period, adjusted for statutory reserves (“LIBOR”), plus an initial spread of 2.00% per annum, subject to adjustment based on the First Lien Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2014 Credit Agreement) of the Company, or (ii) at the greatest of (x) the prime rate from time to time announced by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (y) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (z) LIBOR for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, plus an initial spread of 1.00% per annum, subject to adjustment based on the First Lien Secured Leverage Ratio of the Company. If an event of default occurs under the 2014 Credit Agreement, the interest rate on overdue amounts will increase by 2.00% per annum. The obligations under the 2014 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by all material subsidiaries of the Company and are secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and those of its material subsidiaries, in each case subject to certain exceptions, pursuant to security and guarantee documents entered into on the Closing Date.

The 2014 Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain (i) a First Lien Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2014 Credit Agreement) not exceeding 4.00 to 1.00 during each full fiscal quarter after the Closing Date through the three months ended March 31, 2016, and 3.50 to 1.00 thereafter and (ii) after the incurrence of additional indebtedness under certain specified exceptions in the 2014 Credit Agreement, a Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2014 Credit Agreement) not exceeding 5.00 to 1.00 during each full fiscal quarter after the Closing Date through the three months ended March 31, 2016, and 4.50 to 1.00 thereafter. The 2014 Credit Agreement also includes other covenants, including covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) create, incur, assume or permit to exist any liens, (iii) enter into mergers, consolidations or similar transactions, (iv) make investments and acquisitions, (v) make certain dispositions of assets, (vi) make dividends, distributions and prepayments of certain indebtedness, and (vii) enter into certain transactions with affiliates. The Company was in compliance with the covenants in the 2014 Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2015.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


8.	LONG-TERM DEBT — (CONTINUED)

In connection with obtaining the term loan facility and revolving credit facility pursuant to the 2014 Credit Agreement, the Company incurred approximately $10.1 million in debt issuance costs as of April 1, 2014. The debt issuance costs were comprised of approximately $9.7 million in underwriting fees and approximately $400,000 primarily related to legal fees associated with the debt issuance. Approximately $10.0 million of the fees associated with the refinancing, along with the unamortized debt issuance cost from the 2012 Credit Agreement, were capitalized and are amortized as interest expense over the term of the 2014 Credit Agreement using the effective interest method.

As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, no amounts were outstanding under the revolving credit facility. Total interest expense for the term loan facility and revolving credit facility was approximately $2.4 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Total interest expense for the term loan facility and revolving credit facility was approximately $7.1 million and $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Interest expense included amortized debt issuance costs of approximately $830,000 and $904,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Interest expense included amortized debt issuance costs of approximately $2.5 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. Total interest paid for the term loan facility was approximately $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Total interest paid for the term loan facility was approximately $4.6 million and $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.


9.	INCOME TAXES

The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 14% and 38%, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate is primarily due to a larger impact of nondeductible expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and a change in local tax law that occurred during the first quarter of 2015.


10.	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company leases office facilities and office equipment under various non-cancelable operating leases. The leases contain various renewal options.

On April 1, 2014, the Company entered into the 2014 Credit Agreement. The 2014 Credit Agreement provides for a $400.0 million term loan facility and a $225.0 million revolving credit facility, each with a term of five years. See Note 8 for additional information regarding the term loan facility and revolving credit facility.

Currently, and from time to time, the Company is involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of its business. In accordance with GAAP, the Company records a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. At the present time, while it is reasonably possible that an unfavorable outcome may occur as a result of one or more of the Company’s current litigation matters, management has concluded that it is not probable that a loss has been incurred in connection with the Company’s current litigation. In addition, the Company is unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome in the Company’s current litigation and accordingly, the Company has not recognized any liability in the condensed consolidated financial statements for unfavorable results, if any. Legal defense costs are expensed as incurred.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


11.	SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company manages its business geographically in two operating segments, with the primary areas of measurement and decision-making being North America, which includes the U.S. and parts of Canada, and International, which includes the U.K., Madrid, Spain and parts of France. The Company and its subsidiaries' subscription-based services consist primarily of information, analytics and online marketplace services offered over the Internet to commercial real estate industry and related professionals. The Company’s subscription-based information services consist primarily of CoStar Suite^TMservices. CoStar Suite is sold as a platform of service offerings consisting of CoStar Property Professional®, CoStar COMPS Professional®and CoStar Tenant® and through the Company's mobile application, CoStarGo®. CoStar Suite is the Company’s primary service offering in the North America and International operating segments. Management relies on an internal management reporting process that provides revenue and operating segment EBITDA, which is the Company’s net income (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Management believes that operating segment EBITDA is an appropriate measure for evaluating the operational performance of the Company’s operating segments. EBITDA is used by management to internally measure operating and management performance and to evaluate the performance of the business. However, this measure should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, income from operations or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Summarized information by operating segment consists of the following (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Revenues
North America	$	182,556		$	146,899		$	500,059		$	402,074
International
External customers	6,522			6,157			18,696			17,766
Intersegment revenue	4			5			25			41
Total International revenue	6,526			6,162			18,721			17,807
Intersegment eliminations	(4		)	(5		)	(25		)	(41		)
Total revenues	$	189,078		$	153,056		$	518,755		$	419,840

EBITDA
North America	$	20,993		$	42,929		$	32,816		$	106,387
International	1,096			763			2,124			1,876
Total EBITDA	$	22,089		$	43,692		$	34,940		$	108,263

The reconciliation of EBITDA to net income (loss) consists of the following (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
EBITDA	$	22,089		$	43,692		$	34,940		$	108,263
Purchase amortization in cost of revenues	(9,964		)	(7,790		)	(22,887		)	(18,547		)
Purchase amortization in operating expenses	(7,153		)	(8,361		)	(21,260		)	(20,696		)
Depreciation and other amortization	(5,403		)	(4,061		)	(14,860		)	(11,490		)
Interest income	42			46			473			245
Interest expense	(2,363		)	(2,698		)	(7,060		)	(8,066		)
Income tax benefit (expense), net	(2,610		)	(7,871		)	4,199			(18,763		)
Net income (loss)	$	(5,362	)	$	12,957		$	(26,455	)	$	30,946

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


11.	SEGMENT REPORTING — (CONTINUED)

Intersegment revenue recorded was attributable to services performed for the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, CoStar Portfolio Strategy by Grecam S.A.S. (“Grecam”), a wholly owned subsidiary of CoStar Limited, the Company’s wholly owned U.K. holding company.

North America EBITDA includes an allocation of approximately $225,000 and $204,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. North America EBITDA includes an allocation of approximately $763,000 and $939,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This allocation represents costs incurred for International employees involved in development activities of the Company’s North America operating segment.

International EBITDA includes a corporate allocation of approximately $74,000 and $59,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. International EBITDA includes a corporate allocation of approximately $200,000 and $197,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This corporate allocation represents costs incurred for North America employees involved in management and expansion activities of the Company’s International operating segment.

Summarized information by operating segment consists of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2015			December 31, 2014
Property and equipment, net
North America	$	85,236		$	71,209
International	2,391			2,544
Total property and equipment, net	$	87,627		$	73,753

Goodwill
North America	$	1,223,668		$	1,114,363
International	26,277			24,442
Total goodwill	$	1,249,945		$	1,138,805

Assets
North America	$	2,141,822		$	2,138,768
International	40,930			41,896
Total operating segment assets	$	2,182,752		$	2,180,664

Reconciliation of operating segment assets to total assets
Total operating segment assets	$	2,182,752		$	2,180,664
Investment in subsidiaries	(18,344		)	(18,344		)
Intersegment receivables	(73,672		)	(78,638		)
Total assets	$	2,090,736		$	2,083,682

Liabilities
North America	$	571,465		$	564,832
International	73,099			75,584
Total operating segment liabilities	$	644,564		$	640,416

Reconciliation of operating segment liabilities to total liabilities
Total operating segment liabilities	$	644,564		$	640,416
Intersegment payables	(63,786		)	(70,280		)
Total liabilities	$	580,778		$	570,136

COSTAR GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited) — (CONTINUED)


12.	EQUITY OFFERING

During June 2014, the Company completed a public equity offering of 3,450,000 shares of common stock for $160.00 per share. Net proceeds from the public equity offering were approximately $529.4 million, after deducting approximately $22.1 million of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses of approximately $500,000. The Company has used and intends to continue to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities to fund all or a portion of the costs of any strategic acquisitions it determines to pursue, to finance the growth of its business and for general corporate purposes. General corporate purposes may include additions to working capital, capital expenditures, repayment of debt, investments in the Company’s subsidiaries, possible acquisitions and the repurchase, redemption or retirement of securities, including the Company’s common stock.


Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains “forward-looking statements,” including statements about our beliefs and expectations. See “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this Item 2 for additional factors relating to such statements, and see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of certain risk factors applicable to our business, financial condition and results of operations.

All forward-looking statements are based on information available to us on the date of this filing and we assume no obligation to update such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

CoStar Group, Inc. (the “Company” or “CoStar”) is the number one provider of information, analytics and online marketplaces to the commercial real estate industry in the United States (“U.S.”) and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) based on the fact that we offer the most comprehensive commercial real estate database available; have the largest research department in the industry; own and operate leading online marketplaces for commercial real estate and apartment listings in the U.S. based on the numbers of unique visitors and site visits per month; provide more information, analytics and marketing services than any of our competitors and believe that we generate more revenues than any of our commercial real estate information competitors. We created and compiled our standardized platform of information, analytics and online marketplace services where professionals of the commercial real estate, apartments and related business communities can continuously interact and facilitate transactions by efficiently exchanging accurate and standardized information.

We have five flagship brands - CoStar, LoopNet, Apartments.com, BizBuySell and LandsofAmerica. Our subscription-based services consist primarily of information, analytics and online marketplace services offered over the Internet to commercial real estate industry and related professionals. Our subscription-based information services consist primarily of CoStar Suite^TM services. CoStar Suite is sold as a platform of service offerings consisting of CoStar Property Professional®, CoStar COMPS Professional®and CoStar Tenant® and through our mobile application, CoStarGo®. Our integrated suite of online service offerings includes information about space available for lease, comparable sales information, information about properties for sale, tenant information, internet marketing services, analytical capabilities, information for clients' websites, information about industry professionals and their business relationships, data integration and industry news. We provide market research and analysis for commercial real estate investors and lenders via our CoStar Portfolio Strategy and CoStar Market Analytics service offerings, portfolio and debt analysis, management and reporting capabilities through our CoStar Investment Analysis and CoStar Risk Analytics service offerings, and real estate and lease management solutions, including lease administration and abstraction services, through our CoStar Real Estate Manager service offerings.

Our LoopNet subscription-based online marketplace services enable commercial property owners, landlords, and real estate agents working on their behalf to list properties for sale or for lease and to submit detailed information about property listings. Commercial real estate agents, buyers and tenants also use LoopNet's online marketplace to search for available property listings that meet their criteria.

Apartments.com is part of our network of apartment marketing sites, which also includes ApartmentFinder.com and ApartmentHomeLiving.com. Our apartment marketing network of subscription-based services offers renters a searchable database of apartment listings and provides professional property management companies and landlords with an advertising destination.

Our BizBuySell services, which includes BizQuest, provide an online marketplace for operating businesses for sale. Our LandsofAmerica services, which includes LandAndFarm, provide an online marketplace for rural lands for sale.

Our service offerings span all commercial property types, including office, retail, industrial, multifamily, commercial land, mixed-use and hospitality.

Subscription-Based Services

Our subscription-based services consist primarily of information, analytics and online marketplace services offered over the Internet to commercial real estate industry and related professionals. Our services are typically distributed to our clients under subscription-based license agreements that renew automatically, a majority of which have a term of one year. Upon renewal, many of the subscription contract rates may change in accordance with contract provisions or as a result of contract renegotiations. To encourage clients to use our services regularly, we generally charge a fixed monthly amount for our subscription-based services rather than charging fees based on actual system usage or number of paid clicks. Depending on the type of service, contract rates are generally based on the number of sites, number of users, organization size, the client's business focus, geography, the number and types of services to which a client subscribes, the number of properties a client advertises and the prominence and placement of a client's advertised properties in the search results. Our subscription clients generally pay contract fees on a monthly basis, but in some cases may pay us on a quarterly or annual basis.

Our subscription-based information services consist primarily of CoStar Suite^TM services. CoStar Suite is sold as a platform of service offerings consisting of CoStar Property Professional®, CoStar COMPS Professional®and CoStar Tenant® and through our mobile application, CoStarGo®. CoStar Suite is our primary service offering in our North America and International operating segments.

As of September 30, 2015 and 2014, our annualized net new sales of subscription-based services on annual contracts were approximately $31.0 million and $15.4 million, respectively, calculated based on the annualized amount of change in our sales resulting from new annual subscription-based contracts or upsales on existing annual subscription-based contracts, less write downs and cancellations, for the period reported. We recognize subscription revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract. Annual and quarterly advance payments result in deferred revenue, substantially reducing the working capital requirements generated by accounts receivable.

For the twelve months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, our contract renewal rate for existing CoStar subscription-based services was approximately 90% and 92%, respectively, and therefore our cancellation rate for those services was approximately 10% and 8%, respectively, for the same time periods. The recent decrease in our contract renewal rate is related to the execution of annual contracts by many of our LoopNet customers who historically have not signed long term agreements and typically have a lower renewal rate than the rest of our subscription-based customers. Our contract renewal rate is a quantitative measurement that is typically closely correlated with our revenue results. As a result, management also believes that the rate may be a reliable indicator of short-term and long-term performance. Our trailing twelve-month contract renewal rate may decline if, among other reasons, negative economic conditions lead to greater business failures and/or consolidations among our clients, reductions in customer spending, or decreases in our customer base.

Apartment Rental Marketplaces

On April 1, 2014 (the “Closing Date”), we increased our presence in the multifamily vertical by acquiring from Classified Ventures, LLC (“CV”) certain assets and assuming certain liabilities, in each case, related to the Apartments.com business (collectively referred to herein as “Apartments.com”), a national online apartment rentals resource for renters, property managers and owners. Apartments.com offers renters a database of apartment listings and provides professional property management companies and landlords an advertising destination. Renters can conduct personalized searches of apartment listings and view video demonstrations and community reviews through the Apartments.com website and mobile applications. The Apartments.com network of rental websites also includes ApartmentHomeLiving.com, another national online apartment rentals resource.

Apartments.com draws on CoStar’s multifamily database, which contains detailed information on apartment properties as a result of a research effort to document the apartment industry in the U.S. CoStar designed the new Apartments.com website, which was launched in February 2015, around the needs of the renter in order to drive traffic to the site and attract advertisers who prefer to advertise on heavily trafficked apartment websites. The newly launched site provides a comprehensive selection of rentals, information on actual availabilities and rents, and in-depth data on neighborhoods, including restaurants, nightlife, history, schools and other facts important to renters. To help renters find the information that meets their needs, the new site also offers innovative search tools such as the Polygon^TM Search and Plan Commute tools.

To further support our expansion into the multifamily vertical, pursuant to the definitive agreement and plan of merger with Network Communications, Inc. dated April 27, 2015 (the “Merger Agreement”), on June 1, 2015, we acquired the Apartment Finder business (collectively referred to herein as “Apartment Finder”). Apartment Finder provides lead generation, advertising, and internet marketing solutions to property managers and owners through its main service, ApartmentFinder.com. Similar to Apartments.com, we are currently developing technology to allow ApartmentFinder.com to draw on CoStar’s multifamily database and we are designing a new ApartmentFinder.com website around the needs of the renter in order to drive traffic to the site and attract advertisers who prefer to advertise on heavily trafficked apartment websites. We also are phasing out print advertising from Apartment Finder and moving to an all-digital offering.

Similar to our other past acquisitions, we have begun, and plan to continue, to integrate, further develop and cross-sell the services offered by Apartments.com and ApartmentFinder.com and the other services we offer, including but not limited to CoStar Market Analytics. We have incurred and plan to continue to incur product development costs to improve the online Apartments.com and ApartmentFinder.com platforms. We have increased our sales and marketing expenses in order to support Apartments.com and to increase brand awareness. In conjunction with the launch of the new Apartments.com website, we embarked on a wide-scale marketing campaign that began during the first quarter of 2015 and will continue to run through the remainder of 2015 to generate brand awareness and site traffic for Apartments.com. A majority of the costs associated with the marketing campaign were incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The marketing campaign includes an incremental investment of approximately $80.0 million above Apartments.com’s 2014 annualized marketing spend since the close of the acquisition of Apartments.com. The marketing campaign features television and radio advertising, online/digital advertising, social media and out-of-home ads and is being reinforced by Search Engine Marketing. We have also increased our Search Engine Marketing to support Apartment Finder. We intend to continue to assess the success and effectiveness of our marketing campaign as well as the appropriate level of marketing costs in the future.

Expansion and Development

We expect to continue our software development efforts to improve existing services, introduce new services, integrate products and services, cross-sell existing services, and expand and develop supporting technologies for our research, sales and marketing organizations. We are committed to supporting and improving our information, news, analytic and online marketplace solutions.

The launch of the new Apartments.com website in February 2015 and the effort underway to redesign the ApartmentFinder.com website are examples of our software development efforts to improve existing services, introduce new services, integrate products and services, and cross-sell existing services. We believe the improved sites, enhanced search capabilities, information regarding real-time vacancies, and our continued development and introduction of enhancements to our online apartment rental marketplaces will attract more consumers, making the services more valuable to property managers, which will increase our cross-selling opportunities. We also plan to continue our software development efforts to enhance our new CoStar Lease Analysis^TM integrated workflow tool that provides users a simple way to produce understandable cash flows for leases, and to enhance other lease comparable services in 2015. We believe greater functionality makes our services valuable to an even broader audience and helps us increase sales of our services to brokers, banks, owners and institutional investors. We expect these technology enhancements to drive continued revenue growth in 2015 and for the foreseeable future.

We continue to integrate, develop and cross-sell the services offered by the businesses we have acquired. Our goal is to upsell clients to the services that best meet their needs and to create further cross-selling revenue synergies.

We evaluate potential changes to our service offerings from time to time in order to better align the services we offer with customers’ needs. Further, in some cases, when integrating and coordinating our services and assessing industry and client needs, we may decide to combine, shift focus from, de-emphasize, phase out, or eliminate a service that, among other things, overlaps or is redundant with other services we offer. In the event that we eliminate or phase out service offerings, we may experience reduced revenues and earnings. The decision to eliminate or phase out a service offering may also ultimately result in increased revenues and earnings from sales of other services we offer in lieu of the eliminated or phased out services. For example, we have recently eliminated certain Apartment Finder services. We also are phasing out print advertising from Apartment Finder and moving to an all-digital offering. We expect a short-term reduction in revenues and associated costs resulting from the elimination of certain Apartment Finder services. Additionally, we intend to integrate our CoStar and LoopNet databases of commercial real estate information in order to create efficiencies in operations and improved data for our customers. We also continue to assess whether to transition the LoopNet marketplace to a pure marketing site for commercial real estate where, eventually, all listings would be paid and users could search the site for free. Although we are assessing the best strategy to implement this shift and will seek to convert LoopNet marketplace customers to higher value, more profitable annual subscription information services to increase revenues and earnings over time, we cannot predict with certainty the amount or timing of any reductions in revenues and earnings or subsequent increases in revenues and earnings, if any, resulting from eliminations or phasing out of the LoopNet information services or any other service offering, if implemented.

Our revenues have increased as a result of revenue from acquired businesses and from cross-selling opportunities among the customers of CoStar and the acquired companies. We expect to continue to achieve revenue synergies from acquisitions as a result of cross-selling opportunities. We may incur increased expenses in connection with any related marketing and sales campaigns involving cross-selling opportunities and initiatives and in connection with promotion of our new services and brands.

We recently expanded the geographic reach of our North America services. In 2014, we began offering our services in Toronto, Canada. Building on our experience in Toronto, we have expanded and are continuing to expand our research into additional Canadian cities. In the second quarter of 2015, we began offering services in Calgary and Vancouver and are currently researching commercial real estate in the Canadian cities of Ottawa and Edmonton. Further, on July 1, 2015, we expanded our International services into Madrid through the acquisition of the assets of Belbex Corporate, S.L., a small commercial real estate information provider operating in Madrid, Spain. We believe that our integration efforts and continued investments in our services, including expansion of our existing service offerings, have created a platform for long-term revenue growth. We expect these investments to result in further penetration of our subscription-based services and the successful cross-selling of our services to customers in existing markets.

We have invested in the expansion and development of our field sales force to support the growth and expansion of our company in North America and internationally. We plan to continue to invest in, evaluate and strategically position our sales force as the Company continues to develop and grow. We are also investing in our research capacity to support continued growth of our information and analytics offerings, to support Apartments.com and Apartment Finder, to expand into additional Canadian markets and to provide services in Madrid, Spain. While we believe investments we make in our business create a platform for growth, those investments may reduce our profitability and adversely affect our financial position.

We intend to continue to assess the need for additional investments in our business, in addition to the investments discussed above in order to develop and distribute new services within our current platform or expand the reach of our current service offerings. Any future product development or expansion of services, combination and coordination of services or elimination of services or internal expansion, development or restructuring efforts could reduce our profitability and increase our capital expenditures. It is possible that any new investments, changes to our service offerings or other unforeseen events could cause us to generate losses and negative cash flow from operations in the future. Further, our credit facility contains restrictive covenants that restrict our operations and use of our cash flow, which may prevent us from taking certain actions that we believe could increase our profitability or otherwise enhance our business.

Financial Matters

Our financial reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Changes in exchange rates can significantly affect our reported results and consolidated trends. We believe that our increasing diversification beyond the U.S. economy through our international businesses benefits our stockholders over the long term. We also believe it is important to evaluate our operating results before and after the effect of currency changes, as it may provide a more accurate comparison of our results of operations over historical periods. Currency exchange rate volatility may continue, which may impact (either positively or negatively) our reported financial results and consolidated trends and period-to-period comparisons of our consolidated operations.

We currently issue stock options and/or restricted stock to our officers, directors and employees, and as a result we record compensation expense in our consolidated statements of operations. The amount and timing of the compensation expense that we record depends on the amount and types of equity grants made. We plan to continue to use stock-based compensation for our officers, directors and employees, which may include, among other things, restricted stock, restricted stock units or stock option grants that typically will require us to record additional compensation expense in our consolidated statements of operations and reduce our net income. Grants of equity awards may vest over time or based on achievement of pre-approved performance conditions and market conditions.

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors expects to grant additional performance-based equity awards in the future under the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan.

Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the period reported. The following accounting policies involve a “critical accounting estimate” because they are particularly dependent on estimates and assumptions made by management about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimates are made. In addition, while we have used our best estimates based on facts and circumstances available to us at the time, different acceptable assumptions would yield different results. Changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, which may have a material impact on the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations. We review these estimates and assumptions periodically and reflect the effects of revisions in the period that they are determined to be necessary.

Fair Value of Auction Rate Securities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received in the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. There is a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which categorizes assets and liabilities by the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Our Level 3 assets consist of auction rate securities (“ARS”), whose underlying assets are primarily student loan securities supported by guarantees from the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) of the U.S. Department of Education.

Our ARS investments are not currently actively trading and therefore do not currently have a readily determinable market value. The estimated fair value of the ARS no longer approximates par value. We have used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of our investment in ARS as of September 30, 2015. The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model include estimates for interest rates, credit spreads, timing and amount of contractual cash flows, liquidity risk premiums, expected holding periods and default risk of the ARS. We update the discounted cash flow model on a quarterly basis to reflect any changes in the assumptions used in the model and settlements of ARS investments that occurred during the period.

The only significant unobservable input in the discounted cash flow model is the discount rate. The discount rate used represents our estimate of the yield expected by a market participant from the ARS investments. The weighted average discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was approximately 4.4% and 4.1%, respectively. Selecting another discount rate within the range used in the discounted cash flow model would not result in a significant change to the fair value of the ARS.

Based on this assessment of fair value, as of September 30, 2015, we determined there was a net decline in the fair value of our ARS investments of approximately $435,000. The decline was deemed to be a temporary impairment and recorded as an unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. If the issuers of these ARS are unable to successfully close future auctions and/or their credit ratings deteriorate, we may be required to record additional unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss or an other-than-temporary impairment charge to earnings on these investments, which would reduce our profitability and adversely affect our financial position.

We have not made any material changes in the accounting methodology used to determine the fair value of the ARS. We do not expect any material changes in the near term to the underlying assumptions used to determine the unobservable inputs used to calculate the fair value of the ARS as of September 30, 2015. However, if changes in these assumptions occur, and, should those changes be significant, we may be exposed to additional unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss or an other-than-temporary impairment charge to earnings on these investments.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for equity instruments issued in exchange for employee services using a fair-value based method, and we recognize the fair value of such equity instruments as an expense in the consolidated statements of operations. We estimate the fair value of each option granted on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires us to estimate the dividend yield, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected life of the stock option. For equity instruments that vest based on a market condition, we estimate the fair value of each equity instrument granted on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo simulation model, which also requires us to estimate the dividend yield, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected life of the equity instruments. These assumptions and the estimation of expected forfeitures are based on multiple factors, including historical employee behavior patterns of exercising options and post-employment termination behavior, expected future employee option exercise patterns, and the historical volatility of our stock price. For equity instruments that vest based on performance, we assess the probability of the achievement of the performance conditions at the end of each reporting period, or more frequently based upon the occurrence of events that may change the probability of whether the performance conditions would be met. If our initial estimates of the achievement of the performance conditions change, the related stock-based compensation expense and timing of recognition may fluctuate from period to period based on those estimates. If the performance conditions are not met, no stock-based compensation expense will be recognized, and any previously recognized stock-based compensation expense will be reversed.

We do not expect any material changes in the near term to the underlying assumptions used to calculate stock-based compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. However, if changes in these assumptions occur, and, should those changes be significant, they could have a material impact on our stock-based compensation expense.

Business Combinations

We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired customer bases, acquired database technology, and acquired trade names from a market participant's perspective, useful lives and discount rates. During the measurement period, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.

Valuation of Long-Lived and Intangible Assets and Goodwill

We assess the impairment of long-lived assets, identifiable intangibles and goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Judgments made by management relate to the expected useful lives of long-lived assets and our ability to recover the carrying value of such assets. The accuracy of these judgments may be adversely affected by several factors, including the factors listed below:


•	Significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results;


•	Significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business;


•	Significant negative industry or economic trends; or


•	Significant decline in our market capitalization relative to net book value for a sustained period.

When we determine that the carrying value of long-lived and identifiable intangible assets may not be recovered based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators, we test for impairment.

Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets that are not subject to amortization are tested annually for impairment by each reporting unit on October 1 of each year and are also tested for impairment more frequently based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators. We consider our operating segments, North America and International, as our reporting units under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) authoritative guidance for consideration of potential impairment of goodwill.

To determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test, we may first assess qualitative factors to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount or if we elect not to assess qualitative factors, then we perform the two-step process. The first step is to determine the fair value of each reporting unit. We estimate the fair value of each reporting unit based on a projected discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions and estimates including our discount rate, growth rate and future financial performance. Assumptions about the discount rate are based on a weighted average cost of capital for comparable companies. Assumptions about the growth rate and future financial performance of a reporting unit are based on our forecasts, business plans, economic projections and anticipated future cash flows. Our assumptions regarding the future financial performance of the International reporting unit reflect our expectation as of October 1, 2014, that revenues will continue to increase as a result of further penetration of our international subscription-based services and the successful cross-selling of our services to our customers in existing markets due to the release of our upgraded international platform and expansion of coverage of our international service offerings. These assumptions are subject to change from period to period and could be adversely impacted by the uncertainty surrounding global market conditions, commercial real estate conditions, and the competitive environment in which we operate. Changes in these or other factors could negatively affect our reporting units' fair value and potentially result in impairment charges. Such impairment charges could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

The fair value of each reporting unit is compared to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, then the second step of the process is performed to measure the impairment loss. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to be commensurate with the risk in our current business model. As of October 1, 2014, the date of our most recent impairment analysis, the estimated fair value of each of our reporting units substantially exceeded the carrying value of our reporting units. There have been no events or changes in circumstances since the date of our impairment analysis on October 1, 2014 that would indicate that the carrying value of each reporting unit may not be recoverable.

To determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets, we may first assess qualitative factors to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets is less than the carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets is less than the carrying amount or if we elect not to assess qualitative factors, then we perform the quantitative impairment test similar to the test performed on goodwill discussed above.

As of October 1, 2014, the date of our most recent annual impairment analysis, the estimated fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets substantially exceeded the carrying value. There have been no events or changes in circumstances since the date of our impairment analysis on October 1, 2014 that would indicate that the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset may not be recoverable.

In February 2015, as a result of our product development efforts, we launched a new Apartments.com website with a cleaner look, information about actual rental availabilities, rents and other fees, and better search functionality. In conjunction with the launch, we ceased using the database technology acquired in the acquisition of Apartments.com. We evaluated the acquired developed technology for impairment during the first quarter of 2015 and determined that the carrying value of the acquired developed technology was impaired as we had ceased using the asset. We recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.4 million in cost of revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of operations within our North America operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

In June 2015, following the June 1, 2015 acquisition of Apartment Finder, we decided to cease providing certain Apartment Finder services. Additionally, in June 2015, we decided to cease development work related to a development project within Apartment Finder. We evaluated the acquired customer base and acquired database technology for impairment during the second quarter of 2015 and based on that evaluation, determined that the customer base and database technology assets associated with the ceased services and development work were impaired as they were not expected to provide any economic benefit. We recorded an impairment charge of approximately $1.4 million, most of which was recorded in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations within the Company's North America operating segment for the three months ended June 30, 2015.

Accounting for Income Taxes

As part of the process of preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process requires us to estimate our current tax exposure and assess the temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as deferred revenue or deductibility of certain intangible assets, for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We must then also assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and, to the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized, we must establish a valuation allowance. To the extent we establish a valuation allowance or change the allowance in a period, we must reflect the corresponding increase or decrease within the tax provision in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We prepare and publicly release quarterly unaudited financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. We also disclose and discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures in our public releases, investor conference calls and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The non-GAAP financial measures that we may disclose include EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share (also referred to as “non-GAAP EPS”). EBITDA is our net income (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. We typically disclose EBITDA on a consolidated and an operating segment basis in our earnings releases, investor conference calls and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Adjusted EBITDA is different from EBITDA because we further adjust EBITDA for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition- and integration-related costs, restructuring costs and settlements and impairments incurred outside our ordinary course of business. Non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share are similarly adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, acquisition- and integration-related costs, restructuring costs, settlement and impairment costs incurred outside our ordinary course of business as well as purchase amortization and other related costs. We may disclose adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share on a consolidated basis in our earnings releases, investor conference calls and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The non-GAAP financial measures that we use may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Also, in the future, we may disclose different non-GAAP financial measures in order to help our investors meaningfully evaluate and compare our results of operations to our previously reported results of operations or to those of other companies in our industry.

We view EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share as operating performance measures and as such we believe that the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is net income (loss). In calculating EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share, we exclude from net income (loss) the financial items that we believe should be separately identified to provide additional analysis of the financial components of the day-to-day operation of our business. We have outlined below the type and scope of these exclusions and the material limitations on the use of these non-GAAP financial measures as a result of these exclusions. EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share are not measurements of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as a measure of liquidity, as an alternative to net income (loss) or as an indicator of any other measure of performance derived in accordance with GAAP. Investors and potential investors in our securities should not rely on EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share as a substitute for any GAAP financial measure, including net income (loss). In addition, we urge investors and potential investors in our securities to carefully review the GAAP financial information included as part of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q that are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as our quarterly earnings releases, and compare the GAAP financial information with our EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share.

EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share may be used by management to internally measure our operating and management performance and may be used by investors as supplemental financial measures to evaluate the performance of our business. We believe that these non-GAAP measures, when viewed with our GAAP results and the accompanying reconciliation, provide additional information that is useful to understand the factors and trends affecting our business. We have spent more than 27 years building our database of commercial real estate information and expanding our markets and services partially through acquisitions of complementary businesses. Due to the expansion of our information, analytics and online marketplace services, which has included acquisitions, our net income (loss) has included significant charges for purchase amortization, depreciation and other amortization, acquisition- and integration-related costs and restructuring costs. Adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share exclude these charges and provide meaningful information about the operating performance of our business, apart from charges for purchase amortization, depreciation and other amortization, acquisition- and integration-related costs, restructuring costs and settlement and impairment costs incurred outside our ordinary course of business. We believe the disclosure of non-GAAP measures can help investors meaningfully evaluate and compare our performance from quarter to quarter and from year to year. We also believe the non-GAAP measures we disclose are measures of our ongoing operating performance because the isolation of non-cash charges, such as amortization and depreciation, and other items, such as interest, income taxes, stock-based compensation expenses, acquisition- and integration-related costs, restructuring costs and settlement and impairment costs incurred outside our ordinary course of business, provides additional information about our cost structure, and, over time, helps track our operating progress. In addition, investors, securities analysts and others have regularly relied on EBITDA and may rely on adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income or non-GAAP net income per diluted share to provide a financial measure by which to compare our operating performance against that of other companies in our industry.

Set forth below are descriptions of the financial items that have been excluded from our net income (loss) to calculate EBITDA and the material limitations associated with using this non-GAAP financial measure as compared to net income (loss):

•

Purchase amortization in cost of revenues may be useful for investors to consider because it represents the diminishing value of any acquired trade names and other intangible assets and the use of our acquired database technology, which is one of the sources of information for our database of commercial real estate information. We do not believe these charges necessarily reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure.


•	Purchase amortization in operating expenses may be useful for investors to consider because it represents the estimated attrition of our acquired customer base. We do not believe these charges necessarily reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure.


•	Depreciation and other amortization may be useful for investors to consider because they generally represent the wear and tear on our property and equipment used in our operations. We do not believe these charges necessarily reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure.


•	The amount of interest income we generate may be useful for investors to consider and may result in current cash inflows. However, we do not consider the amount of interest income to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.


•	The amount of interest expense we incur may be useful for investors to consider and may result in current cash outflows. However, we do not consider the amount of interest expense to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.

•

Income tax expense may be useful for investors to consider because it generally represents the taxes which may be payable for the period and the change in deferred income taxes during the period and may reduce the amount of funds otherwise available for use in our business. However, we do not consider the amount of income tax expense to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.

Set forth below are descriptions of the financial items that have been excluded from our net income (loss) to calculate adjusted EBITDA and the material limitations associated with using this non-GAAP financial measure as compared to net income (loss):


•	Purchase amortization in cost of revenues, purchase amortization in operating expenses, depreciation and other amortization, interest income, interest expense, and income tax expense as previously described above with respect to the calculation of EBITDA.

•

Stock-based compensation expense may be useful for investors to consider because it represents a portion of the compensation of our employees and executives. Determining the fair value of the stock-based instruments involves a high degree of judgment and estimation and the expenses recorded may bear little resemblance to the actual value realized upon the future exercise or termination of the related stock-based awards. Therefore, we believe it is useful to exclude stock-based compensation in order to better understand the long-term performance of our core business.

•

The amount of acquisition- and integration-related costs incurred may be useful for investors to consider because they generally represent professional service fees and direct expenses related to the acquisition. Because we do not acquire businesses on a predictable cycle we do not consider the amount of acquisition- and integration-related costs to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.


•	The amount of restructuring costs incurred may be useful for investors to consider because they generally represent costs incurred in connection with a change in a contract or a change in the makeup of our properties or personnel. We do not consider the amount of restructuring related costs to be a representative component of the day-to-day operating performance of our business.


•	The amount of material settlement and impairment costs incurred outside of our ordinary course of business may be useful for investors to consider because they generally represent gains or losses from the settlement of litigation matters. We do not believe these charges necessarily reflect the current and ongoing cash charges related to our operating cost structure.

The financial items that have been excluded from our net income (loss) to calculate non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share are purchase amortization and other related costs, stock-based compensation, acquisition- and integration-related costs, restructuring costs and settlement and impairment costs incurred outside our ordinary course of business. These items are discussed above with respect to the calculation of adjusted EBITDA together with the material limitations associated with using this non-GAAP financial measure as compared to net income (loss). We subtract an assumed provision for income taxes to calculate non-GAAP net income. In 2014 and 2015, we assumed a 38% tax rate in order to approximate our long-term effective corporate tax rate.

Non-GAAP net income per diluted share is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents non-GAAP net income divided by the number of diluted shares outstanding for the period used in the calculation of GAAP net income (loss) per diluted share.

Management compensates for the above-described limitations of using non-GAAP measures by using a non-GAAP measure only to supplement our GAAP results and to provide additional information that is useful to understand the factors and trends affecting our business.

The following table shows our EBITDA reconciled to our net income (loss) and our net cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the indicated periods (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2015			2014
Net income (loss)	$	(5,362	)	$	12,957		$	(26,455	)	$	30,946
Purchase amortization in cost of revenues	9,964			7,790			22,887			18,547
Purchase amortization in operating expenses	7,153			8,361			21,260			20,696
Depreciation and other amortization	5,403			4,061			14,860			11,490
Interest income	(42		)	(46		)	(473		)	(245		)
Interest expense	2,363			2,698			7,060			8,066
Income tax expense (benefit), net	2,610			7,871			(4,199		)	18,763
EBITDA	$	22,089		$	43,692		$	34,940		$	108,263

Net cash flows provided by (used in)
Operating activities	$	42,760		$	52,702		$	69,716		$	96,036
Investing activities	(14,282		)	(8,828		)	(203,529		)	(603,933		)
Financing activities	(4,379		)	(2,285		)	(17,496		)	738,248

Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and Three Months Ended September 30, 2014

Revenues. Revenues increased to $189.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from $153.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The $36.0 million increase was primarily attributable to increased revenue of approximately $23.3 million from Apartment Finder and Apartments.com as well as the further penetration of our subscription-based services and successful cross-selling of our services to our customers in existing markets, combined with continued high renewal rates.

Gross Margin. Gross margin increased to $135.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from $112.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The gross margin percentage decreased to 71.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from 73.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the gross margin amount was principally due to an increase in revenues partially offset by an increase in cost of revenues of $12.8 million primarily due to the additional cost of revenues from our June 1, 2015 acquisition of Apartment Finder.

Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased to $80.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from $40.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, and increased as a percentage of revenues to 42.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to 26.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the amount and percentage of selling and marketing expenses was primarily due to a wide-scale marketing campaign that began during the first quarter of 2015 and will continue to run through the remainder of 2015 to generate brand awareness and site traffic for Apartments.com.

Software Development Expenses. Software development expenses increased to $17.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from $14.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, and decreased as a percentage of revenues to 9.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to 9.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the amount of software development expenses was primarily due to an increase in personnel costs to support enhancements and upgrades to our services.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $31.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from $25.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, and decreased as a percentage of revenues to 16.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to 16.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the amount of general and administrative expenses was primarily due to additional general and administrative expenses from Apartment Finder and Apartments.com.

Purchase Amortization Expense. Purchase amortization expense decreased to $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to $8.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014, and decreased as a percentage of revenues to 3.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to 5.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in the amount and percentage of purchase amortization expense was primarily due to the accelerated amortization of the acquired customer base from our April 1, 2014 acquisition of Apartments.com.

Interest and Other Income. Interest and other income decreased to approximately $42,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to approximately $46,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease was primarily due to our lower average cash and cash equivalent balance in 2015 resulting from the June 1, 2015 acquisition of Apartment Finder.

Interest and Other Expense. Interest and other expense decreased to $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease was due to the decrease in interest expense resulting from a lower outstanding long-term debt balance during the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2014.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Net. Income tax expense decreased to $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from $7.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This decrease was primarily due to lower income before income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2015 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2014 as a result of our wide-scale marketing campaign that began during the first quarter of 2015 to generate brand awareness and site traffic for Apartments.com. We recorded an income tax expense despite incurring a loss before income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2015 due to changes in the forecasted income (loss) before income taxes for 2015 and the impact to income taxes during the third quarter of 2015 to adjust the effective tax rate for the first six months of the year to the estimated rate for the entire year.

Comparison of Business Segment Results for Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and Three Months Ended September 30, 2014

We manage our business geographically in two operating segments, with our primary areas of measurement and decision-making being North America, which includes the U.S. and parts of Canada, and International, which includes the U.K., Madrid, Spain and parts of France. Management relies on an internal management reporting process that provides revenue and operating segment EBITDA, which is our net income (loss) before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Management believes that operating segment EBITDA is an appropriate measure for evaluating the operational performance of our operating segments. EBITDA is used by management to internally measure our operating and management performance and to evaluate the performance of our business. However, this measure should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, income from operations or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Segment Revenues. CoStar Suite is sold as a platform of service offerings consisting of CoStar Property Professional, CoStar COMPS Professionaland CoStar Tenantand through our mobile application, CoStarGo, and is our primary service offering in our North America and International operating segments. North America revenues increased to $182.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from $146.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This increase in North America revenue was primarily due to increased revenue of approximately $23.3 million from Apartment Finder and Apartments.com as well as the further penetration of our subscription-based services and successful cross-selling of our services to our customers in existing markets, combined with continued high renewal rates. International revenues increased to $6.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to $6.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This increase was primarily due to further penetration of our subscription-based services resulting from sales of CoStar Suite.

Segment EBITDA. North America EBITDA decreased to $21.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from $42.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in North America EBITDA resulted primarily from our wide-scale marketing campaign that began during the first quarter of 2015 to generate brand awareness and site traffic for Apartments.com. International EBITDA increased to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, from approximately $763,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014. This increase in International EBITDA was primarily due to an increase in revenues. North America EBITDA includes an allocation of approximately $225,000 and $204,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This allocation represents costs incurred for International employees involved in development activities of the Company's North America operating segment. International EBITDA includes a corporate allocation of approximately $74,000 and $59,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This corporate allocation represents costs incurred for North America employees involved in management and expansion activities of the Company’s International operating segment. See the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details on the non-GAAP financial measures.

Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014

Revenues. Revenues increased to $518.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $419.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The $99.0 million increase was primarily attributable to increased revenue of approximately $59.1 million from Apartment Finder and Apartments.com as well as the further penetration of our subscription-based services and successful cross-selling of our services to our customers in existing markets, combined with continued high renewal rates.

Gross Margin. Gross margin increased to $375.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $305.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The gross margin percentage decreased to 72.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from 72.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the gross margin amount was principally due to an increase in revenues partially offset by an increase in cost of revenues of $29.7 million primarily due to the additional cost of revenues from our June 1, 2015 acquisition of Apartment Finder.

Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased to $242.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $109.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, and increased as a percentage of revenues to 46.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to 26.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the amount and percentage of selling and marketing expenses was primarily due to a wide-scale marketing campaign that began during the first quarter of 2015 and will continue to run through the remainder of 2015 to generate brand awareness and site traffic for Apartments.com.

Software Development Expenses. Software development expenses increased to $49.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $41.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, and decreased as a percentage of revenues to 9.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to 9.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the amount of software development expenses was primarily due to an increase in personnel costs to support enhancements and upgrades to our services.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased to $86.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $76.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, and decreased as a percentage of revenues to 16.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to 18.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the amount of general and administrative expenses was primarily due to additional general and administrative expenses of $12.2 million from Apartment Finder and Apartments.com. These increases in general and administrative expenses were partially offset by loss contingencies and other legal costs related to litigation of approximately $2.3 million incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 that did not occur during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as well as a decrease in acquisition-related costs of approximately $479,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Purchase Amortization Expense. Purchase amortization expense increased to $21.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to $20.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014, and decreased as a percentage of revenues to 4.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to 4.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in the amount of purchase amortization expense was primarily due to an increase in purchase amortization expenses of $2.5 million from Apartment Finder and Apartments.com, partially offset by a decrease in purchase amortization expense from LoopNet of $1.8 million due to the accelerated amortization of the LoopNet acquired customer base.

Interest and Other Income. Interest and other income increased to approximately $473,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from approximately $245,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase was primarily due to our higher average cash and cash equivalent balance in 2015 resulting from the public equity offering completed in June 2014.

Interest and Other Expense. Interest and other expense decreased to $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease was due to the decrease in interest expense resulting from a lower outstanding long-term debt balance during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Net. Income tax expense (benefit), net changed to a $4.2 million income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to an $18.8 million income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This change was primarily due to lower income before income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014 as a result of our wide-scale marketing campaign that began during the first quarter of 2015 to generate brand awareness and site traffic for Apartments.com.

Comparison of Business Segment Results for Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014

Segment Revenues. North America revenues increased to $500.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $402.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This increase in North America revenue was primarily due to increased revenue of approximately $59.1 million from Apartment Finder and Apartments.com as well as the further penetration of our subscription-based services and successful cross-selling of our services to our customers in existing markets, combined with continued high renewal rates. International revenues increased to $18.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to $17.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This increase was primarily due to further penetration of our subscription-based services resulting from sales of CoStar Suite.

Segment EBITDA. North America EBITDA decreased to $32.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $106.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in North America EBITDA resulted primarily from our wide-scale marketing campaign that began during the first quarter of 2015 to generate brand awareness and site traffic for Apartments.com. International EBITDA increased to $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in International EBITDA was primarily due to an increase in revenues. North America EBITDA includes an allocation of approximately $763,000 and $939,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This allocation represents costs incurred for International employees involved in development activities of the Company's North America operating segment. International EBITDA includes a corporate allocation of approximately $200,000 and $197,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. This corporate allocation represents costs incurred for North America employees involved in management and expansion activities of the Company's International operating segment. See the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details on the non-GAAP financial measures.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash, cash equivalents and debt from our term loan and revolving credit facility. Total cash and cash equivalents decreased to $375.5 million as of September 30, 2015 compared to cash and cash equivalents of $527.0 million as of December 31, 2014. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was primarily due to net cash paid of $177.5 million for the acquisitions of Apartment Finder, the assets of Belbex Corporate, S.L., and certain assets related to the business operations of Apartment Finder's independent distributors.

Changes in cash and cash equivalents are dependent upon changes in, among other things, working capital items such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, various accrued expenses and deferred revenues, as well as changes in our capital structure due to stock option exercises and similar events.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was approximately $69.7 million compared to approximately $96.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This $26.3 million decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $34.4 million in net income plus non-cash items, partially offset by a net increase of $8.1 million in changes in operating assets and liabilities. The $8.1 million net increase in changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in accounts payable due in part to the wide-scale marketing campaign for Apartments.com.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was approximately $203.5 million compared to approximately $603.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This $400.4 million decrease in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to $584.2 million of cash used for the acquisition of Apartments.com on April 1, 2014, partially offset by $177.5 million of cash used for the acquisitions of Apartment Finder, the assets of Belbex Corporate, S.L., and certain assets related to the business operations of Apartment Finder's independent distributors during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $17.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of approximately $738.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. This $755.7 million change in financing activities was primarily due to proceeds of $550.0 million received under the term loan facility and revolving credit facility on April 1, 2014 and the $529.4 million in net proceeds from our public equity offering in June 2014, less the $148.8 million repayment of the term loan facility and revolving credit facility established under a credit agreement dated February 16, 2012 (the “2012 Credit Agreement”), $150.0 million repayment of the revolving credit facility associated with the credit agreement by and among CoStar, as Borrower, CoStar Realty Information, Inc., as Co-Borrower, the Lenders from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (the “2014 Credit Agreement”) and the $10.0 million payment of debt issuance costs associated with the 2014 Credit Agreement which did not occur during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, among others, our operating results, expansion and integration efforts, and our level of acquisition activity or other strategic transactions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we incurred capital expenditures of approximately $28.0 million. We expect to make aggregate capital expenditures in 2015 of approximately $30.0 million to $40.0 million, primarily related to investments in technology and the build out of leased office space.

In conjunction with the launch of the improved Apartments.com website, we embarked on a wide-scale marketing campaign that began during the first quarter of 2015 and will continue to run through the remainder of 2015, to generate brand awareness and site traffic for Apartments.com. A majority of the costs associated with the marketing campaign were incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The marketing campaign includes an incremental investment of $80.0 million above Apartments.com’s 2014 annualized marketing spend since the close of the acquisition of Apartments.com.

To date, we have grown in part by acquiring other companies and we may continue to make acquisitions. Our acquisitions may vary in size and could be material to our current operations. We may use cash, stock, debt or other means of funding to make these acquisitions.

In consideration for the purchase of Apartment Finder, on June 1, 2015, we paid $172.7 million in cash, including an estimated $2.7 million in connection with a preliminary net working capital adjustment as of the closing date. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement and plan of merger, the purchase price was increased by approximately $21,000 following the final determination of the net working capital of NCI as of the closing date, and this amount was paid to NCI in the third quarter of 2015.

On April 1, 2014, we purchased Apartments.com from CV for a purchase price of $587.1 million, which was later reduced by approximately $2.9 million following the final determination of the net working capital of Apartments.com as of the Closing Date. On the Closing Date, we entered into the 2014 Credit Agreement. We funded the purchase price for Apartments.com at closing through a combination of cash on hand and the proceeds of the term loan facility and the initial borrowing under the revolving credit facility under the 2014 Credit Agreement. The 2014 Credit Agreement provides for a $400.0 million term loan facility and a $225.0 million revolving credit facility, each with a term of five years. The proceeds of the term loan facility and the initial borrowing of $150.0 million under the revolving credit facility on the Closing Date were also used to refinance the term loan facility and revolving credit facility established under the 2012 Credit Agreement, including related fees and expenses. The undrawn proceeds of the revolving credit facility are available for our working capital needs and other general corporate purposes. As of September 30, 2015, maturities of our borrowings under the 2014 Credit Agreement for each of the next four years ended September 30, 2016 to 2019, are expected to be $20.0 million, $30.0 million, $50.0 million and $270.0 million, respectively. During June 2014, we repaid the $150.0 million initial borrowing under the revolving credit facility.

The revolving credit facility includes a subfacility for swingline loans of up to $10.0 million, and up to $10.0 million of the revolving credit facility is available for the issuance of letters of credit. The term loan facility will amortize in quarterly installments in amounts resulting in an annual amortization of 5% during each of the first, second and third years, 10% during the fourth year and 15% during the fifth year after the Closing Date, with the remainder payable at final maturity. The loans under the 2014 Credit Agreement bear interest, at our option, either (i) during any interest period selected by us, at the London interbank offered rate for deposits in U.S. dollars with a maturity comparable to such interest period, adjusted for statutory reserves (“LIBOR”), plus an initial spread of 2.00% per annum, subject to adjustment based on our First Lien Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2014 Credit Agreement), or (ii) at the greatest of (x) the prime rate from time to time announced by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., (y) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (z) LIBOR for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, plus an initial spread of 1.00% per annum, subject to adjustment based on our First Lien Secured Leverage Ratio. If an event of default occurs under the 2014 Credit Agreement, the interest rate on overdue amounts will increase by 2.00% per annum. The obligations under the 2014 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by all of our material subsidiaries and are secured by a lien on substantially all of our assets and those of our material subsidiaries, in each case subject to certain exceptions, pursuant to security and guarantee documents entered into on the Closing Date.

The 2014 Credit Agreement requires us to maintain (i) a First Lien Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2014 Credit Agreement) not exceeding 4.00 to 1.00 during each full fiscal quarter after the Closing Date through the three months ended March 31, 2016, and 3.50 to 1.00 thereafter and (ii) after the incurrence of additional indebtedness under certain specified exceptions in the 2014 Credit Agreement, a Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2014 Credit Agreement) not exceeding 5.00 to 1.00 during each full fiscal quarter after the Closing Date through the three months ended March 31, 2016, and 4.50 to 1.00 thereafter. The 2014 Credit Agreement also includes other covenants, including covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, restrict our ability to (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) create, incur, assume or permit to exist any liens, (iii) enter into mergers, consolidations or similar transactions, (iv) make investments and acquisitions, (v) make certain dispositions of assets, (vi) make dividends, distributions and prepayments of certain indebtedness, and (vii) enter into certain transactions with affiliates. We were in compliance with the covenants in the 2014 Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2015.

In connection with obtaining the term loan facility and revolving credit facility pursuant to the 2014 Credit Agreement, we incurred approximately $10.1 million in debt issuance costs as of April 1, 2014. The debt issuance costs were comprised of approximately $9.7 million in underwriting fees and approximately $400,000 primarily related to legal fees associated with the debt issuance. Approximately $10.0 million of the fees associated with the refinancing, along with the unamortized debt issuance cost from the 2012 Credit Agreement, were capitalized and are amortized as interest expense over the term of the 2014 Credit Agreement using the effective interest method.

As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, no amounts were outstanding under our revolving credit facility. Total interest expense for the term loan facility and revolving credit facility was approximately $2.4 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Total interest expense for the term loan facility and revolving credit facility was approximately $7.1 million and $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Interest expense included amortized debt issuance costs of approximately $830,000 and $904,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Interest expense included amortized debt issuance costs of approximately $2.5 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. Total interest paid for the term loan facility was approximately $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Total interest paid for the term loan facility was approximately $4.6 million and $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In 2012, we granted a total of 399,413 shares pursuant to performance-based restricted common stock awards with a forfeiture date of March 31, 2017. Upon vesting of these awards during the first quarter of 2014, consistent with minimum tax withholding requirements, a portion of the shares subject to the awards were remitted by the employees for payment of their individual income tax obligations. The remitted shares were canceled and we made a cash tax payment equivalent to the fair market value of the canceled shares of approximately $31.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2014.

Based on current plans, we believe that our available cash combined with positive cash flow provided by operating activities will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.

As of September 30, 2015, we had $16.8 million par value of long-term investments in student loan ARS, which failed to settle at auctions. The majority of these investments are of high credit quality with AAA credit ratings and are primarily securities supported by guarantees from the FFELP of the U.S. Department of Education. While we continue to earn interest on these investments, the investments are not liquid in the short-term. In the event we need to immediately access these funds, we may have to sell these securities at an amount below par value. Based on our ability to access our cash and cash equivalents, and our expected operating cash flows, we do not anticipate having to sell these investments below par value in order to operate our business in the foreseeable future.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no developments to the Recent Accounting Pronouncements discussion included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on our consolidated financial statements, except for the following:

In May 2014, the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) jointly issued a new revenue recognition standard that is designed to improve financial reporting by creating common recognition guidance for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). This guidance provides a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues, improves the comparability of revenue recognition practices across industries, provides more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosure requirements and simplifies the presentation of financial statements. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance permits the use of either a full retrospective method or a modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach would be applied only to the most current period presented along with a cumulative-effect adjustment at the date of adoption. The original effective date of the new standard was for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. In August 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that defers by one year the effective date of this new revenue recognition standard. As a result, the new standard will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with an option that permits companies to adopt the standard as early as the original effective date. Early application prior to the original effective date is not permitted. We have not yet determined when we will adopt the standard and we have not selected a transition method and are currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on our financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued authoritative guidance to simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. This guidance requires a company to present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by this guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to address the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. The guidance allows an entity to present debt issuance costs related to a line-of-credit arrangement as an asset and subsequently amortize the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings under the line-of-credit arrangement. The April 2015 guidance and the August 2015 guidance are effective on a retrospective basis for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is permitted. The April 2015 guidance and the August 2015 guidance are not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations or financial position, but will require changes to the presentation of our consolidated balance sheets and the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

We have made forward-looking statements in this Report and make forward-looking statements in our press releases and conference calls that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include information that is not purely historic fact and include, without limitation, statements concerning our financial outlook for 2015 and beyond, our possible or assumed future results of operations generally, and other statements and information regarding assumptions about our revenues, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP net income per share, net income (loss), net income (loss) per share, fully diluted net income (loss) per share, weighted-average outstanding shares, taxable income (loss), cash flow from operating activities, available cash, operating costs, amortization expense, intangible asset recovery, capital and other expenditures, effective tax rate, equity compensation charges, future taxable income, purchase amortization, pending acquisitions, the anticipated benefits of completed or proposed acquisitions, the anticipated benefits of cross-selling efforts, product development and release, sales and marketing campaigns, product integrations, elimination and de-emphasizing of services, contract renewal rate, the timing of future payments of principal under our $400.0 million term loan facility available to us under the 2014 Credit Agreement, expectations regarding our compliance with financial and restrictive covenants in the 2014 Credit Agreement, financing plans, geographic expansion, capital structure, contractual obligations, legal proceedings and claims, our database, database growth, services and facilities, employee relations, future economic performance, our ability to liquidate or realize our long-term investments, management’s plans, goals and objectives for future operations, and growth and markets for our stock. Sections of this Report which contain forward-looking statements include the Financial Statements and related Notes, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” “Controls and Procedures,” “Legal Proceedings” and “Risk Factors.”

Our forward-looking statements are also identified by words such as “hope,” “anticipate,” “may,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “will,” “should,” “plan,” “estimate,” “predict,” “continue” and “potential” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. You should understand that these forward-looking statements are estimates reflecting our judgment, beliefs and expectations, not guarantees of future performance. They are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. The following important factors, in addition to those discussed or referred to under the heading “Risk Factors,” and other unforeseen events or circumstances, could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements: commercial real estate market conditions; general economic conditions; our ability to identify, acquire and integrate acquisition candidates; our ability to realize the expected benefits, cost savings or other synergies from acquisitions, including the acquisitions of Apartments.com, Apartment Finder and the assets of Belbex, on a timely basis or at all; our ability to combine acquired businesses successfully or in a timely and cost-efficient manner; business disruption relating to integration of acquired businesses or other business initiatives; the amount of investment for sales and marketing and our ability to realize a return on investments in sales and marketing; our ability to effectively and strategically combine, eliminate or de-emphasize service offerings; reductions in revenues as a result of service changes; the time and resources required to develop upgraded services and expand service offerings; changes or consolidations within the commercial real estate industry; customer retention; our ability to attract new clients; our ability to sell additional services to existing clients; our ability to integrate our North America and International product offerings; our ability to successfully introduce new products or upgraded services in U.S. and foreign markets; our ability to attract consumers to our online marketplaces; the success of our wide-scale marketing campaign in 2015 to generate brand awareness and site traffic for Apartments.com; competition; foreign currency fluctuations; global credit market conditions affecting investments; our ability to continue to expand successfully, timely and in a cost-efficient manner, including internationally; our ability to effectively penetrate and gain acceptance in new sectors; our ability to control costs; litigation; changes in accounting policies or practices; release of new and upgraded services or entry into new markets by us or our competitors; data quality; expansion, growth, development and reorganization of our sales force; employee retention; technical problems with our services; managerial execution; changes in relationships with real estate brokers, property managers and other strategic partners; legal and regulatory issues; and successful adoption of and training on our services.

Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of, and are based on information available to us on, the date of this Report. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to update any such statements or release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect new information or events or circumstances after the date of this Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.


Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We provide information, analytics and online marketplace services to the commercial real estate and related business community in the U.S., U.K., parts of Canada, Madrid, Spain and parts of France. Our functional currency for our operations in the U.K., Canada, Spain, and France is the local currency. As such, fluctuations in the British Pound, Canadian dollar and Euro may have an impact on our business, results of operations and financial position. We currently do not use financial instruments to hedge our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations with respect to our foreign subsidiaries. We may seek to enter hedging transactions in the future to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, but we may be unable to enter into hedging transactions successfully, on acceptable terms or at all. As of September 30, 2015, accumulated other comprehensive loss included a loss from foreign currency translation adjustments of approximately $6.4 million.

We do not have material exposure to market risks associated with changes in interest rates related to cash equivalent securities held as of September 30, 2015. As of September 30, 2015, we had $375.5 million of cash and cash equivalents. If there is an increase or decrease in interest rates, there will be a corresponding increase or decrease in the amount of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents.

As of September 30, 2015, we had $370.0 million of long-term debt bearing interest at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 2.00%, subject to adjustment based on our First Lien Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2014 Credit Agreement). If there is an increase or decrease in interest rates, there will be a corresponding increase or decrease in the amount of interest expense on our long-term debt. Based on our outstanding borrowings as of September 30, 2015, an increase in the interest rate by 25 basis points would result in an increase of approximately $900,000 in interest expense annually. Based on our outstanding borrowings as of September 30, 2015, a decrease in the interest rate by 25 basis points would result in a decrease of approximately $900,000 in interest expense annually. Based on our ability to access our cash and cash equivalents, and our expected operating cash flows, we do not believe that increases or decreases in interest rates will impact our ability to operate our business in the foreseeable future.

Included within our long-term investments are investments in mostly AAA-rated student loan ARS. These securities are primarily securities supported by guarantees from the FFELP of the U.S. Department of Education. As of September 30, 2015, $16.8 million of our investments in auction rate securities failed to settle at auction. As a result, we may not be able to sell these investments at par value until a future auction on these investments is successful. In the event we need to immediately liquidate these investments, we may have to locate a buyer outside the auction process, who may be unwilling to purchase the investments at par, resulting in a loss. Based on an assessment of fair value of these investments in ARS as of September 30, 2015, we determined that there was a net decline in the fair value of our ARS investments of approximately $435,000, which was deemed to be a temporary impairment and recorded as an unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. If the issuers are unable to successfully close future auctions and/or their credit ratings deteriorate, we may be required to adjust the carrying value of these investments as a temporary impairment and recognize a greater unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive loss or as an other-than-temporary impairment charge to earnings. Based on our ability to access our cash and cash equivalents, and our expected operating cash flows, we do not anticipate having to sell these securities below par value in order to operate our business in the foreseeable future. See Notes 4 and 5 to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.

We had approximately $1.5 billion in intangible assets as of September 30, 2015. As of September 30, 2015, we believe our intangible assets will be recoverable, however, changes in the economy, the business in which we operate and our own relative performance could change the assumptions used to evaluate intangible asset recoverability. In the event that we determine that an asset has been impaired, we would recognize an impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the asset. We continue to monitor these assumptions and their effect on the estimated recoverability of our intangible assets.


Item 4.	Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As of September 30, 2015, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Interim Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were operating at a reasonable assurance level.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	Legal Proceedings

Currently, and from time to time, we are involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. We are not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding that, in the opinion of our management based on consultations with legal counsel, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.


Item 1A.	Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 (the “2014 Form 10-K”), which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our 2014 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or results of operations. Other than the risk factors discussed below, there have been no material changes to the Risk Factors as previously disclosed in Part I, “Item 1A Risk Factors” in our 2014 Form 10-K.

The failure to successfully integrate Apartment Finder and/or fully realize synergies from the merger in the expected time frame may adversely affect our future results. The success of the merger will depend, in part, on our ability to successfully integrate Apartment Finder and fully realize the anticipated benefits and synergies from combining our business and the businesses of Apartments.com and Apartment Finder. If we are not able to achieve these objectives following the merger, the anticipated benefits and synergies of the merger may not be realized fully or at all, may take longer to realize than expected or may be more costly to realize than expected.

The merger, or the integration process following the closing, could result in the loss of key employees, loss of key clients, increases in operating costs, or the disruption of each company’s ongoing businesses, any or all of which could adversely affect our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits and synergies of the merger. The success of the merger will depend in part on our ability to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and cost savings from integrating our business with the businesses of Apartments.com and Apartment Finder, while minimizing or eliminating any difficulties that may occur. Even if the integration of our business with the businesses of Apartments.com and Apartment Finder is successful, it may not result in the realization of the full benefits of the growth opportunities and cost savings that we currently expect or these benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame. Any failure to timely realize these anticipated benefits could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, expenses and operating results.

Our efforts to integrate the businesses will divert management’s attention and other resources from uses that could otherwise have been beneficial to us. In addition, management may decide to combine or eliminate products or services currently offered by NCI and Apartment Finder, which could also result in the loss of revenues, key employees, key clients, key vendors or other business partners.

Our business relationships, including client relationships, may be subject to disruption due to uncertainty associated with the merger. Parties with which we and NCI do business may experience uncertainty associated with the transaction, including with respect to current or future business relationships with CoStar, Apartments.com, Apartment Finder or the combined businesses. Our business relationship with NCI may be subject to disruption as clients and others may attempt to negotiate changes in existing business relationships or consider entering into business relationships with parties other than CoStar, Apartments.com, NCI or the combined business. These disruptions could have an adverse effect on the businesses, financial condition, results of operations or prospects of the combined business. The adverse effect of such disruptions could be exacerbated by a delay in the completion of the merger or termination of the merger agreement.

Significant transaction and integration costs may be incurred as a result of the merger. We may incur significant transaction and integration costs related to the merger. These transaction costs include legal and accounting fees and expenses. We may also incur additional unanticipated transaction costs in connection with the merger. Additional costs will be incurred in connection with integrating the companies’ businesses, such as severance and IT integration expenses. Costs in connection with the merger and integration may be higher than expected.

CoStar and NCI may have difficulty attracting, motivating and retaining executives and other key employees in light of the merger. Uncertainty about the effect of the merger on CoStar and NCI employees may have an adverse effect on CoStar and NCI and consequently the combined business. This uncertainty may impair our ability and NCI’s ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel. If key employees of CoStar or NCI depart, we may incur significant costs to identify, hire and retain replacements for departing employees, which could reduce our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the merger.


Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table is a summary of our repurchases of common stock during each of the three months in the quarter ended September 30, 2015:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES



Month, 2015	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1 through July 31	214		$	216.45	—	—
August 1 through August 31	—		—		—	—
September 1 through September 30	2,229		178.79		—	—
Total	2,443	⁽¹⁾	$	182.08	—	—

⁽¹⁾ The number of shares purchased consists of shares of common stock tendered by employees to the Company to satisfy the employees' minimum tax withholding obligations arising as a result of vesting of restricted stock grants under the Company's 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, which shares were purchased by the Company based on their fair market value on the vesting date. None of these share purchases were part of a publicly announced program to purchase common stock of the Company.


Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.


Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.


Item 5.	Other Information

None.


Item 6.	Exhibits

See exhibits listed under the Exhibit Index below.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		COSTAR GROUP, INC.
Date:	October 29, 2015	By:	/s/ Scott L. Yinger
			Scott L. Yinger Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

INDEX TO EXHIBITS



Exhibit No.		Description
2.1		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 27, 2011, by and among CoStar Group, Inc., Lonestar Acquisition Sub, Inc. and LoopNet, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 28, 2011).
2.2		Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 20, 2011, among LoopNet, Inc., the Registrant and Lonestar Acquisition Sub, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 23, 2011).
2.3		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 27, 2015, by and among CoStar Realty Information, Inc., Orange, LLC, Network Communications, Inc., and Shareholder Representative Services LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 29, 2015).
3.1		Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 6, 2013).
3.2		Third Amended and Restated By-Laws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 24, 2013).
10.1		CoStar Group, Inc. Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on September 14, 2015).
31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
101		The following materials from CoStar Group, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively; (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively; (iii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively; (iv) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively; and (v) Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements that have been detail tagged.