CPI AEROSTRUCTURES INC - Annual Report: 2018 (Form 10-K)

 UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

Commission file number 1-11398

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes  ☐     No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes   ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12-b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes  ☐     No  ☒

As of June 30, 2018 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock (based on its reported last sale price on the NYSE American of $10.50) held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $82,667,519.

As of March 28, 2019, the registrant had 11,734,326 common shares, $.001 par value, outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference:

Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) from the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the Registrant’s fiscal year covered by this report.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Item 1. BUSINESS

General

CPI Aerostructures, Inc. (“CPI Aero®”, the “Company”, “us” or “we”) is a United States (“U.S.”) supplier of aircraft parts for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters in both the commercial and defense markets. We are a manufacturer of structural aircraft parts and aerosystems. Additionally, we leverage our global supply chain skills to assist our customers in managing a diverse worldwide supplier market by providing “one stop shopping” for an assortment of aerospace parts. Within the global aerostructures supply chain, we are either a Tier 1 supplier to aircraft original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) or a Tier 2 subcontractor to major Tier 1 manufacturers. We also are a prime contractor to the U.S. Department of Defense, primarily the United States Air Force (“USAF”). In addition to our assembly operations, we provide engineering, program management, supply chain management, and maintenance, repair and overhaul (“MRO”) services.

We are a subcontractor for leading defense prime contractors such as Northrop Grumman Corporation (“NGC”), Lockheed Martin Corporation (“Lockheed”), Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, a Lockheed company (“Sikorsky”), Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc. (“Bell”), Raytheon and Collins Aerospace (“Collins”). 52% and 56% of our revenue in 2018 and 2017, respectively, was generated by subcontracts with defense prime contractors.

Among the key programs for which CPI Aero provides key structural components, assemblies, or aerospace systems are the NGC E-2D Advanced Hawkeye surveillance aircraft, the Lockheed F-35 joint strike fighter, the Sikorsky UH-60M BLACK HAWK® helicopter, the Collins DB-110 reconnaissance system, the Raytheon Company (“Raytheon”) Next Generation Jammer Mid-Band electronic warfare system, the Collins TacSAR pod, the Bell AH-1Z Viper attack helicopter, the Sikorsky MH-53E mine countermeasure helicopter and Sikorsky CH-148 variant helicopter, and the F-16 Falcon and T-38C trainer aircraft for the U.S. government. Key civilian aircraft programs include the Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation (“Gulfstream”) G650, the Honda Aircraft Company, Inc. (“Honda”) HondaJet and HondaJet Elite business jets, the Embraer S.A. (“Embraer”) Phenom 300 light business jet, the Embraer E175-E2 regional airliner, and the Sikorsky S-92® helicopter.

We also operate as a subcontractor to prime commercial contractors, including Sikorsky, Honda, Embraer and The Triumph Group (“Triumph”), in the production of commercial aircraft parts. 37% and 36% of our revenue in 2018 and 2017, respectively, was generated by commercial contract sales.

CPI Aero has over 38 years of experience as a contractor. Most members of our management team have held management positions at large aerospace contractors, including NGC and GKN Aerospace (“GKN”). Our technical team possesses extensive technical expertise and program management and integration capabilities. Our competitive advantage lies in our ability to offer large contractor capabilities with the flexibility and responsiveness of a small company, while staying competitive in cost and delivering superior quality products.

CPI Aero acquired Welding Metallurgy, Inc. including its wholly owned subsidiary Compac Development Corp. (“Compac”) (together referred to as “WMI”) on December 20, 2018. This acquisition is referred to throughout this document as the “WMI Acquisition”. WMI has provided specialty welding services and metal fabrications to the defense and commercial aerospace industry since 1979. Its customers include GKN Corporation, Sikorsky, Lockheed, Boeing and NGC. Additionally, WMI specializes in electromechanical systems, harness and cable assemblies, electronic equipment and printed circuit boards. Compac specializes in the manufacture of RFI/EMI (Radio Frequency Interference Electro - Magnetic Interference) shielded enclosures for electronic components.

CPI Aero was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York in January 1980 under the name Composite Products International, Inc. CPI Aero changed its name to Consortium of Precision Industries, Inc. in April 1989 and to CPI Aerostructures, Inc. in July 1992. In January 2005, we began doing business under the name CPI Aero®, a registered trademark of the Company. Our principal office is located at 91 Heartland Blvd., Edgewood, New York 11717 and our telephone number is (631) 586-5200.

We maintain a website located at www.cpiaero.com. Our corporate filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, our proxy statements and reports filed by our officers and directors under Section 16-(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, and any amendments to those filings, are available, free of charge, on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not intend for information contained in our website to be a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Significant Contracts

Some of our significant contracts are as follows:

Military Aircraft - Subcontracts with Prime Contractors

NGC E-2D “Advanced Hawkeye” The NGC E-2 is an all-weather, carrier-based tactical airborne early warning aircraft. The twin turboprop aircraft was designed and developed in the 1950s by the Grumman Aircraft Company for the U.S. Navy as a replacement for the E-1 Tracer. The U.S. Navy aircraft has been progressively updated with the latest variant, the NGC E-2D, first flying in 2007. In 2008, we received an initial $7.9 million order from NGC to provide structural kits used in the production of Outer Wing Panels (“OWP”) for the NGC E-2D. We initially valued the long-term agreement at approximately $98 million over an eight-year period, with the potential to be in excess of $195 million over the life of the aircraft program. In November 2014, we received a second multi-year contract worth approximately $86.1 million through 2021 from NGC for OWP kits for use in the manufacture of complete wings for the NGC E-2D and the NGC C-2A Greyhound aircraft. The cumulative orders we have received on this program through January 2019 exceed $150 million.

In addition, we announced in January 2016 that we won an award to supply structural components and kits for the OWP on the NGC E-2D that will be manufactured for Japan. We will be responsible for component source selection, supply chain management, delivery of kits, and will provide manufacturing engineering services to NGC during the integration of the components into the OWP. The contract from NGC is valued at between $25 million and $30 million through 2019, depending on the number of aircraft ordered by Japan. To date, we have received orders totaling $10.4 million.

Sikorsky UH-60 “BLACK HAWK®” The Sikorsky UH-60 helicopter is the leader in multi-mission-type aircraft. Among the mission configurations it serves are troop transport, medical evacuation, electronic warfare, attack, assault support, and special operations. More than 3,000 Sikorsky UH-60 helicopters are in use today, operating in 29 countries. We have been producing gunner window and fuel panel assemblies for Sikorsky since 2010, and have long-term agreements from Sikorsky to manufacture gunner window assemblies, fuel panel assemblies, and perform MRO services on stabilators for the Sikorsky UH-60 helicopter through 2022.

In 2017, we signed long-term supply agreements with Sikorsky to manufacture fuel panel and gunner window assemblies for the Sikorsky UH-60M helicopter, valued at up to approximately $21 million and $8.2 million for a period of five years, respectively. In September 2018, the Company received a series of purchase orders from Sikorsky totaling more than $8 million for the manufacture of Hover Infra Red Suppression Systems (“HIRSS”) in support of older model BLACK HAWK® helicopters.

Bell / Textron AH-1Z “Viper” Attack Helicopter The Bell AH-1Z is a twin-engine attack helicopter used by the U.S. Marine Corps, which began full-rate production in December 2010. In January 2017, we received an indefinite-delivery / indefinite-quantity (“IDIQ”) contract from Bell for the manufacture of engine cowl and support assemblies, with a potential value of $14.8 million. In March 2018, we received an amendment to the IDIQ contract which extended the period of performance by one year and is valued at $3.8 million. This increased the total potential value of the IDIQ contract to $18.6 million through 2021.

Sikorsky MH-53E “Sea Dragon” The Sikorsky MH-53E is the U.S. Navy’s primary airborne mine countermeasures aircraft. In May 2017, we received a contract from Sikorsky to provide MRO services for an initial quantity of 15 tow hook assemblies through 2022, with a potential value of $1 million, depending on the level of repair that is required. We have previously manufactured new tow hook assemblies under a spares contract awarded by Sikorsky in 2010.

Raytheon Next Generation Jammer Mid-Band (“NGJ”) The Raytheon NGJ is an external jamming pod that will disrupt and degrade enemy aircraft and ground radar and communication systems and will replace the ALQ-99 system on the U.S. Navy’s EA-6B Growler carrier-based electronic warfare aircraft. Raytheon received a $1 billion sole source contract from the U.S. Navy in April 2016 for the engineering and manufacturing development (“EMD”) phase. CPI Aero has contracts with Raytheon valued at more than $19 million to assemble the NGJ pod structural housing and air management systems required during the EMD phase. After a successful development program, the U.S. Navy plans to install Raytheon NGJ pods on 138 EA-18G Growlers during the Raytheon NGJ pod production phase. There are two pods per aircraft. We estimate that the total value to CPI Aero of the production phase could be in excess of an additional $150 million through 2030.

Collins DB-110 “Reconnaissance Pod” CPI Aero has a contract with Collins to manufacture pod structures for the DB-110 reconnaissance system, which is used primarily on exported F-16 aircraft.

Collins “TacSAR” Pod The Collins TacSAR pod is a long-range synthetic aperture radar system designed for overland and maritime reconnaissance and surveillance, and is being developed by Collins with Selex ES, now Leonardo, S.p.A. Collins awarded CPI Aero a sole-source one-year development contract valued at under $1 million, to begin engineering and design support in 2017. CPI Aero expects to receive an initial production order in early 2019. The work being performed by CPI Aero is similar to work performed by CPI Aero during the pre-production phase of the DB-110. The TacSAR pod system complements the DB-110 to provide all-weather reconnaissance and surveillance and will contain some structural components common to the DB-110.

Lockheed F-35 “Lightning II” The Lockheed F-35 Lightning II, also known as the Joint Strike Fighter, is a family of single-seat, single-engine, all-weather stealth multirole fighters designed to perform ground attack, aerial reconnaissance, and air defense missions. The DoD plans to acquire over 2,400 F-35’s by 2034 and 11 other countries also have plans to acquire the aircraft. We are a Tier 1 supplier to Lockheed and manufacture four different door lock assemblies for the F-35. In 2015, CPI Aero was awarded a multi-year contract to supply lock assemblies for the arresting gear door on the F-35A Conventional Takeoff and Landing variant aircraft, estimated at up to $10.6 million through 2021. We made our first delivery under the contract in May 2017. In November 2017, we announced an additional $15.8 million multi-year contract to manufacture canopy actuation drive shaft assemblies through 2022 for the F-35A, F-35B, and F-35C aircraft.

Sikorsky CH-148 “Cyclone” The Sikorsky CH-148, a military variant of the Sikorsky S-92®, is a twin-engine, multi-role shipboard helicopter being manufactured by Sikorsky for the Royal Canadian Air Force (“RCAF”). The Sikorsky CH-148 is to be operated by the RCAF and will conduct anti-submarine warfare, surveillance, and search and rescue missions from Royal Canadian Navy warships. In 2016, Sikorsky awarded CPI Aero purchase orders valued at approximately $6.5 million to manufacture the weapon pylons. CPI Aero will produce weapon pylons for 28 aircraft with deliveries through 2018. 

Commercial Aircraft - Subcontracts with Prime Contractors

Gulfstream G650 In March 2008, Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. (“Spirit”) awarded us a contract to provide leading edges for the Gulfstream G650 business jet, a commercial program that Spirit was supporting. In December 2014, Spirit transferred its work-scope on this program to Triumph. We continue to provide leading edges for the Gulfstream G650 as our purchase orders and long-term agreement have been transferred to Triumph.

HondaJet Elite In July 2018, we received a long-term agreement from Honda to manufacture the noise attenuating engine inlet for its recently debuted HondaJet Elite business jet. CPI Aero has manufactured engine inlet assemblies for the original HondaJet aircraft since 2011. We have received approximately $36.5 million in orders on this program through December 2018. We estimate the potential value of this program to be approximately $70 million.

Sikorsky S-92® Helicopter The Sikorsky S-92® performs search and rescue missions, heads of state missions, and a variety of transport missions for offshore oil and gas crews, utility, and airline passengers. Sikorsky has delivered more than 275 Sikorsky S-92® helicopters since 2004. In June 2017, CPI Aero announced a follow-on contract with Sikorsky to provide 15 different deliverable items for the Sikorsky S-92®, including door assemblies, cover assemblies, and various installation kits used by Sikorsky to complete the final assembly of the Sikorsky S-92®.

Embraer Phenom 300 In May 2012, Embraer awarded us a contract to manufacture engine inlets for the Embraer Phenom 300. We have received approximately $34 million in orders on this program through June 2018. We estimate the potential value of the program to be in excess of $40 million.

Embraer E175-E2 The E-Jet E2 family of aircraft was launched by Embraer in 2013 and included three new airplanes, the E175-E2, the E190-E2, and the E195-E2. We were selected by Embraer to supply various structural components used in the manufacture of engine pylon fairings for the Embraer E175-E2 aircraft, valued at approximately $16 million. The Embraer E175-E2 is scheduled for entry into service in 2021. 

Sales and Marketing

We are recognized within the aerospace industry as a Tier 1 or Tier 2 supplier to major aircraft suppliers. Additionally, we may bid for military contracts set aside specifically for small businesses.

We are awarded contracts for our products and services through the process of competitive bidding. This process begins when we first learn, formally or otherwise, of a potential contract from a prospective customer and concludes after all negotiations are completed upon award. When preparing our response to a prospective customer for a potential contract, we evaluate the contract requirements and determine and outline the services and products we can provide to fulfill the contract at a competitive price. Each contract also benefits from various additional services that we offer, including program management, engineering, and global supply chain program management, which streamlines the vendor management and procurement process and monitors the progress, timing, and quality of component delivery.

Our average sales cycle, which generally commences at the time a prospective customer issues a request for proposal and ends upon delivery of the final product to the customer, varies widely.

Because of the complexities inherent in the aerospace industry, the time from the initial request for proposal to award ranges from as little as a few weeks to several years. Additionally, our contracts have ranged from six months to as long as ten years. Also, repeat and follow-on jobs for current contracts frequently provide additional opportunities with minimal start-up costs and rapid rates to production.

The Market

We have positioned our Company to take advantage of opportunities in the military aerospace market but to a broad customer base thereby reducing the impact of direct government contracting limitations. Our success as a subcontractor to defense prime contractors has provided us with opportunities to act as a subcontractor to prime contractors in the production of commercial aircraft structures, which also reduced our exposure to government spending decisions.

Over time, our Company has expanded both in size and capabilities, with growth in our operational and global supply chain program management. These expansions have allowed us the ability to supply more complex aerostructure assemblies and aerosystems and structures in support of our government-based programs as well as to pursue opportunities within the commercial and business jet markets. Our capabilities have also allowed us to acquire MRO and kitting contracts.

Approximately $4.3 million and $3.1 million of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, was from customers outside the U.S. All other revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 has been attributable to customers within the U.S. We have no assets outside the U.S. Government-based contracts that are subject to national defense budget and procurement funding decisions which, accordingly, drives demand for our business in that market. Government spending and budgeting for procurement, operations and maintenance are affected not only by military action, but also by the related fiscal consequences of these actions, as well as the political process.

Backlog

We produce custom assemblies pursuant to long-term contracts and customer purchase orders. Backlog consists of aggregate values under such contracts and purchase orders, excluding the portion previously included in operating revenues on the basis of cost-to-cost input method accounting, and including estimates of future contract price escalation. Substantially all of our backlog is subject to termination at will and rescheduling, without significant penalty. Funds are often appropriated for programs or contracts on a yearly or quarterly basis, even though the contract may call for performance that is expected to take a number of years. Therefore, our funded backlog does not include the full value of our contracts. Our total backlog as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

Approximately 80% of the total amount of our backlog at December 31, 2018 was attributable to government contracts. Our backlog attributable to government contracts at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

Our backlog attributable to commercial contracts at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:

Our unfunded backlog is primarily comprised of the long-term contracts that we received from Spirit and NGC during 2008, Honda and Bell during 2011, Cessna, Sikorsky and Embraer during 2012 and Raytheon during 2016. These long-term contracts are expected to have yearly orders which will be funded in the future.

Approximately 81% of the funded backlog at December 31, 2018 is expected to be recognized as revenue during 2019.

Material and Parts

We subcontract production of substantially all parts incorporated into our products to third-party manufacturers under firm fixed price orders. Our decision to purchase certain components generally is based upon whether the components are available to meet required specifications at a cost and with a delivery schedule consistent with customer requirements. From time to time, we are required to purchase custom made parts from sole suppliers and manufacturers in order to meet specific customer requirements.

We obtain our raw materials from several commercial sources. Although certain items are only available from limited sources of supply, we believe that the loss of any single supplier would not have a material adverse effect on our business.

Competition

We face competition in our role as both a prime contractor to the U.S. Government and as a Tier 1 or Tier 2 subcontractor to military and commercial aircraft manufacturers. For certain unrestricted contracts for the U.S. Government, we may compete against well-established prime contractors, including NGC, Lockheed and Boeing. All of these competitors possess significantly larger infrastructures, greater resources and the capabilities to respond to much larger contracts. We believe that our competitive advantage lies in our ability to offer large contractor capabilities with the flexibility and responsiveness of a small company, while staying competitive in cost and delivering superior quality products. While larger prime contractors compete for significant modification awards, they generally do not compete for awards in smaller modifications, spares and replacement parts, even for aircraft for which they are the original manufacturer. In certain instances, the large prime contractors often subcontract much of the work they win to their Tier 1 suppliers so we also may act as a subcontractor to some of these major prime contractors. Further, in some cases, these companies are not permitted to bid, for example when the U.S. Government designates a contract as a Small Business Set-Aside. In these restricted contracts for the U.S. Government, CPI Aero typically competes against numerous small business competitors. We believe we compete effectively against the smaller competitors because smaller competitors generally do not have the expertise we have in responding to requests for proposals for government contracts, nor will they typically have the more than 35 years of past performance in conducting more than 2000 contracts for the U.S. Government.

We also compete at the Tier 1 and Tier 2 levels for work for major subcontracts with OEMs in both the military and commercial markets. We often compete against much larger Tier 1 suppliers, such as Triumph Group, Spirit AeroSystems, Kaman Aerospace, GKN, Ducommun, LMI Aerospace, and Precision Castparts Corp. We believe that we can compete effectively with these larger companies by delivering products with the same level of quality and performance at a better value for our customer.

Government Regulation

Environmental Regulation

We are subject to regulations administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, various state agencies and county and local authorities acting in cooperation with federal and state authorities. Among other things, these regulatory bodies impose restrictions to control air, soil and water pollution, to protect against occupational exposure to chemicals, including health and safety risks, and to require notification or reporting of the storage, use and release of certain hazardous chemicals and substances. The extensive regulatory framework imposes compliance burdens and risks on us. Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these regulations and to obtain injunctions or impose civil and criminal fines in the case of violations.

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”) imposes strict, joint and several liability on the present and former owners and operators of facilities that release hazardous substances into the environment. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (“RCRA”) regulates the generation, transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous waste. In New York State, the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances are governed by the Environmental Conservation Law, which contains the New York counterparts of CERCLA and RCRA. In addition, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which requires employers to provide a place of employment that is free from recognized and preventable hazards that are likely to cause serious physical harm to employees, obligates employers to provide notice to employees regarding the presence of hazardous chemicals and to train employees in the use of such substances.

Our operations require the use of a limited amount of chemicals and other materials for painting and cleaning, including solvents and thinners, which are classified under applicable laws as hazardous chemicals and substances. We have obtained a permit from the Town of Islip, New York, Building Division in order to maintain a paint booth containing flammable liquids.

Federal Aviation Administration Regulation

We are subject to regulation by the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) under the provisions of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended. The FAA prescribes standards and licensing requirements for aircraft and aircraft components. We are subject to inspections by the FAA and may be subjected to fines and other penalties (including orders to cease production) for noncompliance with FAA regulations. Our failure to comply with applicable regulations could result in the termination of or our disqualification from some of our contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Government Contract Compliance

Our government contracts and sub-contracts are subject to the procurement rules and regulations of the U.S. Government. Many of the contract terms are dictated by these rules and regulations. Specifically, cost-based pricing is determined under the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”), which provide guidance on the types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods and services under U.S. Government contracts. For example, costs such as those related to charitable contributions, advertising, interest expense, and public relations are unallowable, and therefore not recoverable through sales. During and after the fulfillment of a government contract, we may be audited in respect of the direct and allocated indirect costs attributed thereto. These audits may result in adjustments to our contract costs. Additionally, we may be subject to U.S. Government inquiries and investigations because of our participation in government procurement. Any inquiry or investigation can result in fines or limitations on our ability to continue to bid for government contracts and fulfill existing contracts. We believe that we are in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations governing our operations and have obtained all material licenses and permits required for the operation of our business.

The U.S. Government generally has the ability to terminate our contracts, in whole or in part, without prior notice, for convenience or for default based on performance. If a U.S. Government contract were to be terminated for convenience, we generally would be protected by provisions covering reimbursement for costs incurred on the contract and profit on those costs, but not the anticipated profit that would have been earned had the contract been completed. In the unusual circumstance where a U.S. Government contract does not have such termination protection, we attempt to mitigate the termination risk through other means. Termination resulting from our default may expose us to liability and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete for other contracts. The U.S. Government also has the ability to stop work under a contract for a limited period of time for its convenience. In the event of a stop work order, we generally would be protected by provisions covering reimbursement for costs incurred on the contract to date and for costs associated with the temporary stoppage of work on the contract. However, such temporary stoppages and delays could introduce inefficiencies for which we may not be able to negotiate full recovery from the U.S. Government, and could ultimately result in termination for convenience or reduced future orders on certain contracts. Additionally, we may be required to continue to perform for some period of time on certain of our U.S. Government contracts, even if the U.S. Government is unable to make timely payments.

Insurance

We maintain a $2 million general liability insurance policy, a $100 million products liability insurance policy and a $5 million umbrella liability insurance policy. Additionally, we maintain a $10 million director and officers’ insurance policy. We believe this coverage is adequate for the types of products presently marketed because of the strict inspection standards imposed on us by our customers before they take possession of our products. Additionally, the FAR generally provides that we will not be held liable for any loss of or damage to property of the U.S. Government that occurs after the U.S. Government accepts delivery of our products and that results from any defects or deficiencies in our products unless the liability results from willful misconduct or lack of good faith on the part of our managerial personnel.

Proprietary Information

None of our current assembly processes or products is protected by patents. We rely on proprietary know-how and information and employ various methods to protect the processes, concepts, ideas and documentation associated with our products. These methods, however, may not afford complete protection and there can be no assurance that others will not independently develop such processes, concepts, ideas and documentation.

CPI Aero® is a registered trademark of the Company.

Employees

As of March 28, 2019, we had 281 full-time employees. We employ temporary personnel with specialized disciplines on an as-needed basis. None of our employees are members of a union. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.

Item 1A.  RISK FACTORS 

In addition to other risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following material risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating our business because such factors may have a significant impact on our business, operating results, liquidity and financial condition. As a result of the risk factors set forth below, actual results could differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements.

Risks related to our business

We depend on government contracts for a significant portion of our revenues.

We are a supplier, either directly or as a subcontractor, to the U.S. Government and its agencies. Government subcontracts accounted for 52% of our revenue in 2018 and 57% of our revenue in 2017. In addition, 11% percent of revenue for 2018 and 8% of revenue for 2017 was derived from prime government contract sales. We depend on government contracts for a significant portion of our business. If we are suspended or barred from contracting with the U.S. Government, if our reputation or relationship with individual federal agencies were impaired, or if the U.S. Government otherwise ceased doing business with us or significantly decreased the amount of business it does with us, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results would be materially adversely affected.

We face risks relating to government contracts.

The funding of U.S. Government programs is subject to congressional budget authorization and appropriation processes. For many programs, U.S. Congress appropriates funds on a fiscal year basis even though a program may extend over several fiscal years. Consequently, programs are often only partially funded initially and additional funds are committed only as Congress makes further appropriations. We cannot predict the extent to which total funding and/or funding for individual programs will be included, increased or reduced in budgets approved by Congress or be included in the scope of separate supplemental appropriations. In the event that appropriations for any of our programs becomes unavailable, or is reduced or delayed, our contract or subcontract under such program may be terminated or adjusted by the U.S. Government, which could have a material adverse effect on our future sales under such program, and on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

We also cannot predict the impact of potential changes in priorities due to military transformation and planning and/or the nature of war-related activity on existing, follow-on or replacement programs. A shift of government priorities to programs in which we do not participate and/or reductions in funding for or the termination of programs in which we do participate, unless offset by other programs and opportunities, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, the U.S. Government generally has the ability to terminate contracts, in whole or in part, without prior notice, for convenience or for default based on performance. In the event of termination for the U.S. Government’s convenience, contractors are generally protected by provisions covering reimbursement for costs incurred on the contracts and profit on those costs but not the anticipated profit that would have been earned had the contract been completed. Termination by the U.S. Government of a contract for convenience could also result in the cancellation of future work on that program. Termination by the U.S. Government of a contract due to our default could require us to pay for re-procurement costs in excess of the original contract price, net of the value of work accepted from the original contract. Termination of a contract due to our default may expose us to liability and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete for contracts.

If we fail to comply with government procurement laws and regulations, we could lose business and be liable for various penalties or sanctions.

We must comply with laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration, and performance of U.S. government contracts. These laws and regulations include the Federal Acquisition Regulations, Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations, the Truth in Negotiations Act, Cost Accounting Standards, and laws, regulations, and orders restricting the use and dissemination of classified information under the U.S. export control laws and the export of certain products and technical information and safeguarding of contractor information systems. Certain government contracts provide audit rights by government agencies, including with respect to performance, costs, business systems, internal controls and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In complying with these laws and regulations, we may incur significant costs, and non-compliance may result in the imposition of fines and penalties, including contractual damages. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations or if a government audit, review, or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil penalties, criminal penalties, or administrative sanctions, including suspension or debarment from contracting with the U.S. government. Our reputation could suffer harm if allegations of impropriety were made or found against us, which could adversely affect our operating performance and may result in additional expenses and possible loss of revenue.

We are subject to U.S. government inquiries and investigations, including periodic audits of costs that we determine are reimbursable under U.S. government contracts.

U.S. government agencies, including the Defense Contract Audit Agency and the Defense Contract Management Agency, routinely audit government contractors. These agencies review our performance under contracts, cost structure and compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and standards, as well as the adequacy of and our compliance with our internal control systems and policies. Any costs found to be misclassified or inaccurately allocated to a specific contract will be deemed non-reimbursable, and to the extent already reimbursed, must be refunded. Any inadequacies in our systems and policies could result in withholds on billed receivables, penalties and reduced future business. Furthermore, if any audit, inquiry or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines, and suspension or debarment from doing business with the U.S. government. We also could suffer reputational harm if allegations of impropriety were made against us, even if such allegations are later determined to be false. 

We have risks associated with competing in the bidding process for contracts.

We obtain many of our contracts through a competitive bidding process. In the bidding process, we face the following risks:

We are subject to strict governmental regulations relating to the environment, which could result in fines and remediation expense in the event of non-compliance.

We are required to comply with extensive and frequently changing environmental regulations at the federal, state and local levels. Among other things, these regulatory bodies impose restrictions to control air, soil and water pollution, to protect against occupational exposure to chemicals, including health and safety risks, and to require notification or reporting of the storage, use and release of certain hazardous substances into the environment. This extensive regulatory framework imposes significant compliance burdens and risks on us. In addition, these regulations may impose liability for the cost of removal or remediation of certain hazardous substances released on or in our facilities without regard to whether we knew of, or caused, the release of such substances. Furthermore, we are required to provide a place of employment that is free from recognized and preventable hazards that are likely to cause serious physical harm to employees, provide notice to employees regarding the presence of hazardous chemicals and to train employees in the use of such substances. Our operations require the use of a limited amount of chemicals and other materials for painting and cleaning that are classified under applicable laws as hazardous chemicals and substances. If we are found not to be in compliance with any of these rules, regulations or permits, we may be subject to fines, remediation expenses and the obligation to change our business practice, any of which could result in substantial costs that would adversely impact our business operations and financial condition.

We may be subject to fines and disqualification for non-compliance with Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) regulations.

We are subject to regulation by the FAA under the provisions of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended. The FAA prescribes standards and licensing requirements for aircraft and aircraft components. We are subject to inspections by the FAA and may be subjected to fines and other penalties (including orders to cease production) for noncompliance with FAA regulations. Our failure to comply with applicable regulations could result in the termination of or our disqualification from some of our contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

If our subcontractors or suppliers fail to perform their contractual obligations, our contract performance and our ability to obtain future business and our profitability could be materially and adversely impacted.

Most of our contracts involve subcontracts with other companies upon which we rely to perform a portion of the services that we must provide to our customers. There is a risk that we may have disputes with our subcontractors, including disputes regarding the quality and timeliness of work performed by the subcontractor, customer concerns about the subcontract, our failure to extend existing task orders or issue new task orders under a subcontract, or our hiring of personnel of a subcontractor. A failure by one or more of our subcontractors to satisfactorily provide on a timely basis the agreed-upon supplies or perform the agreed-upon services may materially and adversely impact our ability to perform our obligations as the prime contractor. Subcontractor performance deficiencies could result in a customer eliminating our ability to progress bill or terminating our contract for default. A prohibition on progress billing may have an adverse effect upon our cash flow and profitability and a default termination could expose us to liability and have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete for future contracts and orders. In addition, a delay in our ability to obtain components and equipment parts from our suppliers may affect our ability to meet our customers’ needs and may have a material adverse effect upon our profitability.

Due to fixed contract pricing, increasing contract costs exposes us to reduced profitability and the potential loss of future business.

Operating margin is adversely affected when contract costs that cannot be billed to customers are incurred. This cost growth can occur if estimates to complete a contract increase due to technical challenges or if initial estimates used for calculating the contract price were incorrect. The cost estimation process requires significant judgment and expertise. Reasons for cost growth may include unavailability and productivity of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, the effect of any delays in performance, availability and timing of funding from the customer, natural disasters, and the inability to recover any claims included in the estimates to complete. A significant increase in cost estimates on one or more programs could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

We use estimates when accounting for contracts. Changes in estimates could affect our profitability and our overall financial position.

We primarily recognize revenue from our contracts over the contractual period pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). Pursuant to ASC 606 revenue and gross profit are recognized as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred and total estimated costs at the completion of the contract. Recognized revenues that will not be billed under the terms of the contract until a later date are recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as an asset captioned “Contract assets.” Contracts where billings to date have exceeded recognized revenues are recorded on our balance sheet as a liability captioned “Contract liabilities.” Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of the contract. Estimates are reviewed monthly and the effect of any change in the estimated gross margin percentage for a contract is reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period the change becomes known. ASC 606 requires the use of considerable estimates in determining revenues and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. As a result, there can be a significant disparity between earnings (both for accounting and taxes) as reported and actual cash received by us during any reporting period. We continually evaluate all of the issues related to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of ASC 606; however, there is no assurance that our estimates will be accurate. If our estimates are not accurate or a contract is terminated, we will be forced to adjust revenue in later periods. Furthermore, even if our estimates are accurate, we may have a shortfall in our cash flow and we may need to borrow money to pay for costs until the reported earnings materialize to actual cash receipts.

If the contracts associated with our backlog were terminated, our financial condition would be adversely affected.

The maximum contract value specified under each contract that we enter into is not necessarily indicative of the revenues that we will realize under that contract. Because we may not receive the full amount we expect under a contract, we may not accurately estimate our backlog because the earnings of revenues on programs included in backlog may never occur or may change. Cancellations of pending contracts or terminations or reductions of contracts in progress could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations. As of December 31, 2018, our backlog was approximately $457.4 million, of which 20.7% was funded and 79.3% was unfunded.

We may be unable to attract and retain personnel who are key to our operations.

Our success, among other things, is dependent on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified senior officers and engineers. Competition for key personnel is intense. Our ability to attract and retain senior officers and experienced, top rate engineers is dependent on a number of factors, including prevailing market conditions and compensation packages offered by companies competing for the same talent. The inability to hire and retain these persons may adversely affect our production operations and other aspects of our business.

We are subject to the cyclical nature of the commercial aerospace industry, and any future downturn in the commercial aerospace industry or general economic conditions could adversely impact the demand for our products.

Our business may be affected by certain characteristics and trends of the commercial aerospace industry or general economic conditions that affect our customers, such as fluctuations in the aerospace industry’s business cycle, varying fuel and labor costs, intense price competition and regulatory scrutiny, certain trends, including a possible decrease in aviation activity and a decrease in outsourcing by aircraft manufacturers or the failure of projected market growth to materialize or continue. In the event that these characteristics and trends adversely affect customers in the commercial aerospace industry, they may reduce the overall demand for our products.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results. As a result, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common stock.

Our management determined that as of December 31, 2018, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective based on criteria created by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013).

Because of the material weakness identified in our internal control over financial reporting, our management was unable to report favorably as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and/or our disclosure controls and procedures, and we therefore implemented measures in 2019 and remediated the material weakness. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. If we identify material weaknesses, such remedial measures could be expensive and time consuming and could potentially cause investors to lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on our stock price and potentially subject us to litigation. For more information see, “Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting”.

On February 7, 2019, the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors determined based on the recommendation of management in consultation with CohnReznick LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, that our previously issued financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 should no longer be relied upon, due to an error that occurred in the Company’s billing process and resulted in the overstatement of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. As a result, we amended and restated our financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

We incur risk associated with new programs

New programs with new technologies typically carry risks associated with design changes, development of new production tools, increased capital and funding commitments, ability to meet customer specifications, delivery schedules and unique contractual requirements, supplier performance, ability of the customer to meet its contractual obligations to us, and our ability to accurately estimate costs associated with such programs. In addition, any new program may not generate sufficient demand or may experience technological problems or significant delays in the regulatory or other certification or manufacturing and delivery schedule. If we were unable to perform our obligations under new programs to the customer’s satisfaction, if we were unable to manufacture products at our estimated costs, or if a new program in which we had made a significant investment was terminated or experienced weak demand, delays or technological problems, then our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. This risk includes the potential for default, quality problems, or inability to meet specifications, as well as our inability to negotiate final pricing for program changes, and could result in low margin or forward loss contracts, and the risk of having to write-off contract assets if it were deemed to be unrecoverable over the life of the program. In addition, beginning new work on existing programs also carries risk associated with the transfer of technology, knowledge and tooling.

In order to perform on new programs we may be required to expend up-front costs which may not have been negotiated in our selling price. Additionally, we may have made margin assumptions related to those costs, that in the case of significant program delays and/or program cancellations, or if we are not successful in negotiating favorable margin on scope changes, could cause us to bear impairment charges which may be material, for costs that are not recoverable. Such charges and the loss of up-front costs could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.

We are presently classified as a small business and the loss of our small business status may adversely affect our ability to compete for government contracts.

We are presently classified as a small business under certain of the codes under the North American Industry Classification Systems (“NAICS”) industry and product specific codes which are regulated in the United States by the Small Business Administration. We are not considered a small business under all NAICS codes. While we do not presently derive a substantial portion of our business from contracts which are set-aside for small businesses, we are able to bid on small business set-aside contracts as well as contracts which are open to non-small business entities. As the NAICS codes are periodically revised, it is possible that we may lose our status as a small business. The loss of small business status would adversely impact our eligibility for special small business programs and limit our ability to partner with other business entities which are seeking to team with small business entities as may be required under a specific contract.

Cyber security attacks, internal system or service failures may adversely impact our business and operations.

Any system or service disruptions, including those caused by projects to improve our information technology systems, if not anticipated and appropriately mitigated, could disrupt our business and impair our ability to effectively provide products and related services to our customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business. We could also be subject to systems failures, including network, software or hardware failures, whether caused by us, third-party service providers, intruders or hackers, computer viruses, natural disasters, power shortages or terrorist attacks. Cyber security threats are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, unauthorized attempts to gain access to sensitive, confidential or otherwise protected information related to us or our products, customers or suppliers, or other acts that could lead to disruptions in our business. Any such failures could cause loss of data and interruptions or delays in our business, cause us to incur remediation costs or subject us to claims and damage our reputation. In addition, the failure or disruption of our communications or utilities could cause us to interrupt or suspend our operations or otherwise adversely affect our business. Although we utilize various procedures and controls to monitor and mitigate the risk of these threats, there can be no assurance that these procedures and controls will be sufficient. Our property and business interruption insurance may be inadequate to compensate us for all losses that may occur as a result of any system or operational failure or disruption which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, expenditures incurred in implementing cyber security and other procedures and controls could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our financial results may be adversely impacted by the failure to successfully execute or integrate acquisitions and joint ventures.

The Company may evaluate potential acquisitions or joint ventures that align with our strategic objectives. The success of such activity depends, in part, upon our ability to identify suitable sellers or business partners, perform effective assessments prior to contract execution, negotiate contract terms, and, if applicable, obtain customer and government approval. These activities may present certain financial, managerial, staffing and talent, and operational risks, including diversion of management’s attention from existing core businesses, difficulties integrating or separating businesses from existing operations, and challenges presented by acquisitions or joint ventures which may not achieve sales levels and profitability that justify the investments made. If the acquisitions or joint ventures are not successfully implemented or completed, there could be a negative impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks related to our common stock

We may issue additional shares of capital stock in the future, which would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and may result in dilution to our shareholders.

As of December 31, 2018, we had 41,772 shares of common stock subject to outstanding common stock purchase options. In addition, we are not restricted from issuing additional shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock. Because we may need to raise additional capital in the future to continue to expand our business, among other things, we may conduct additional equity offerings. To the extent our common stock purchase options are exercised or we conduct additional equity offerings, additional shares of our common stock will be issued, which will increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market and may result in dilution to our shareholders. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of such shares.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Our business requires significant funding. We currently plan to invest all available funds and future earnings in the development and growth of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, under the terms of our credit agreement with BankUnited, N.A. and other lenders, we are restricted from paying cash dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be our shareholders’ sole source of potential gain for the foreseeable future.

We are able to issue shares of preferred stock with greater rights than our common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock and set the terms of the preferred stock without seeking any further approval from our shareholders. Any preferred stock that is issued may rank ahead of our common stock in terms of dividends, liquidation rights or voting rights. If we issue preferred stock, it may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and in New York law could delay a change in management and negatively impact our share price or otherwise make a change in our management more difficult.

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us even if such a change in control would increase the value of our common stock and could prevent or hinder attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current board of directors or management.

We have a number of provisions in place that will hinder takeover attempts and could reduce the market value of our common stock or prevent sale at a premium. These provisions include:

In addition, because we are incorporated in New York, we are governed by the provisions of Section 912 of the New York Business Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a New York corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with an “interested” shareholder for a period of five years following the date on which the shareholder became an “interested” shareholder. 

Not applicable.

CPI Aero’s executive offices and production facilities are situated in an approximately 171,000 square foot building located at 91 Heartland Blvd., Edgewood, New York 11717. CPI Aero occupies this facility under a ten-year lease that commenced in June 2011. The current monthly base rent is $143,396, including real estate taxes.

None.

Not applicable.

PART II

Market Information

Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol CVU. 

On March 25, 2019, the closing sale price for our common stock on the NYSE American was $6.60. On March 25, 2019, there were 181 holders of record of our common stock and, we believe, over 2,200 beneficial owners of our common stock.

Dividend Policy

To date, we have not paid any dividends on our common shares. Any payment of dividends in the future is within the discretion of our board of directors (subject to the limitation on dividends contained in the Bank United Credit Facility, as described more fully in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) and will depend on our earnings, if any, our capital requirements and financial condition and other relevant factors. Our board of directors does not intend to declare any cash or other dividends in the foreseeable future, but intends instead to retain earnings, if any, for use in our business operations.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities, Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

There have been no sales of unregistered equity securities for the three months ended December 31, 2018. There have been no repurchases of our outstanding common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2018.

Not applicable.

Item 7.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

When used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in future filings by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the words or phrases “will likely result,” “management expects” or “we expect,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “estimated” or similar expressions are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, each of which speaks only as of the date made. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical earnings and those presently anticipated or projected. The risks are included in “Item 1A: Risk Factors” and “Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions, which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances occurring after the date of such statements.

You should read the financial information set forth below in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

Certain Transactions

The following transactions occurred during the periods covered by this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:

On March 21, 2018, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Air Industries Group (“Air Industries”), pursuant to which the Company purchased from Air Industries all of the shares (the “Shares”) of Welding Metallurgy, Inc. (“WMI”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Industries (the “Acquisition”). WMI is engaged in the manufacture of complex components and assemblies for the defense and commercial aircraft industries.

On December 20, 2018, CPI Aero completed the acquisition of WMI for a total purchase price of approximately $7.9 million subject to working capital adjustments. The Company’s operating results include the operating results of WMI from the date of acquisition, which were not material to the consolidated results of operations.

On October 19, 2018, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 2,760,000 shares of its common stock, including 360,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ full exercise of their over-allotment option, at a public offering price of $6.25 per share. The Company’s net proceeds from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and other offering expenses, were approximately $16.1 million. The Company used a portion of the proceeds of the offering for the acquisition of WMI. Additionally, the Company used the balance of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which included working capital, capital expenditures and debt repayment.

Business Operations

We are engaged in the contract production of structural aircraft parts for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters in both the commercial and defense markets. We have also recently expanded our presence in the aerosystems segment of the market, with our production of various reconnaissance pod structures and fuel panel systems. Within the global aerostructure and aerosystem supply chain, we are either a Tier 1 supplier to aircraft OEMs or a Tier 2 subcontractor to major Tier 1 manufacturers. We also are a prime contractor to the U.S. Department of Defense, primarily the USAF. In conjunction with our assembly operations, we provide engineering, program management, supply chain management and kitting, and MRO services.

Critical Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective method for all of its contracts. ASC 606 requires sales and gross profit to be recognized over the contract period as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred and total estimated costs at the completion of the contract. Recognized revenues that will not be billed under the terms of the contract until a later date are recorded as an asset captioned “Contract assets.” Contracts where billings to date have exceeded recognized revenues are recorded as a liability captioned “Contract liabilities.” Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of the contract. Estimates are reviewed monthly and the effect of any change in the estimated gross margin percentage for a contract is reflected in cost of sales in the period the change becomes known. ASC 606 involves considerable use of estimates in determining revenues, costs and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. As a result, there can be a significant disparity between earnings (both for accounting and tax purposes) as reported and actual cash received during any reporting period. The Company continually evaluates all of the issues related to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the process; however, it cannot be assured that estimates will be accurate. If estimates are not accurate or a contract is terminated, the Company is required to adjust revenue in later periods. Furthermore, even if estimates are accurate, there may be a shortfall in cash flow and the Company may need to borrow money, or seek access to other forms of liquidity, to fund its work in process or to pay taxes until the reported earnings materialize as actual cash receipts.

When changes are required for the estimated total revenue on a contract, these changes are recognized with an inception-to-date effect in the current period. Also, when estimates of total costs to be incurred exceed estimates of total revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is recorded in the period in which the loss is determined.

Following the adoption of ASC 606, the Company’s revenue recognition for all of its contracts remained materially consistent with historical practice and there was no impact in the year ended December 31, 2018 consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In compliance with ASC 606, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts, on the December 31, 2017 balance sheet, have been reclassified to contract assets. Additionally, billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts and contract losses, on the December 31, 2017 balance sheet, have been combined and reclassified to contract liabilities.

Results of Operations

The following discussion provides an analysis of our results of operations and should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. This discussion excludes the results of operations of WMI from its acquisition date of December 20, 2018 through December 31, 2018 as the impact was not material on the consolidated results.

Year Ended December 31, 2018 as Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2017

Revenue. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $83,929,270 compared to $81,283,148 for the year ended December 31, 2017, representing an increase of $2,646,122.

Overall, revenue generated from prime government contracts for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $9,216,671 compared to $6,647,248 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $2,569,422. This increase is a result of revenue recognized on the T-38C Pacer Classic III aircraft structural modification program, as this program has transitioned from the start-up stage to the delivery stage.

Revenue generated from government subcontracts for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $43,440,742 compared to $45,080,617 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $1,639,875. This decrease is the result of the E-2D program as this program transitions towards the end of deliveries on the most recent multiyear order.

Revenue generated from commercial contracts was $31,271,857 for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $29,555,283 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $1,716,574. This increase is predominately the result of a $1.2 million increase in the Company’s Embraer program, as this program has entered into a regular monthly delivery schedule.

Cost of sales. Cost of sales for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $65,765,007 and $62,637,232, respectively, an increase of $3,127,775 or 5.0%.

The components of cost of sales were as follows:

Procurement for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $44,033,170 compared to $41,286,646, an increase of $2,746,524 or 6.7%. The increase in procurement was the result of a $1.5 million increase in procurement on the Company’s T-38 program, a $3.5 million increase in procurement on our Next Generation Jammer program, a $2 million increase in procurement on our Bell Helicopter inlet program and a $1 million increase in procurement on our Embraer inlet program and our G650 program, as these programs have moved into higher rate production, offset by a decrease in procurement on our E-2D program, as that program comes to the end our the current multiyear order.

Labor costs for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $6,251,997 compared to $6,745,038 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $493,041 or 7.3%. This decrease is predominately due to decreases in labor on our A-10 program, as we completed the assemblies from that program.

Other contract costs (credit), net for the year ended December 31, 2018 were ($89,728) compared to ($1,164,888), a decrease of the credit of $1,075,160. Other contract costs relate to expenses recognized for changes in estimates and expenses predominately associated with loss contracts. In the year ended December 31, 2017, other contract costs are a credit, as we have incurred actual expenses on our A-10 program that had been previously recognized as part of the change in estimate charge.

Gross profit. Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $18,164,263 compared to $18,645,916 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $481,653. Gross profit percentage (“gross margin”) for the year ended December 31, 2018 was 21.6% compared to 22.9% for the same period last year, predominately the result of fade in gross margin on the Company’s G650 program, as we experienced some production issues in 2018 which resulted in higher labor costs than estimated.

Favorable/Unfavorable Adjustments to Gross Profit

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, circumstances required that we make changes in estimates to various contracts. Such changes in estimates resulted in decreases in total gross profit as follows:

During the year ended December 31, 2018 we had one contract which had approximately a $240,000 unfavorable adjustment caused by changing estimates on a long-term program, that we are working with the customer to agree to contract extensions and are adjusting our long-term margin estimates. Also, we had two contracts that had a $198,000 and $196,000 unfavorable adjustment caused by excess overhead and material costs incurred. There were no other material changes, favorable or unfavorable, during the year ended December 31, 2018.

During the year ended December 31, 2017 we had one contract which had an approximately $822,000 of unfavorable adjustments caused by changing estimates on a long-term program. We are working with the customer to agree to contract extensions and expect to decrease our selling price. Additionally, we had one contract that had a gap in production, as well as a smaller than expected order quantity. The gap in production and low quantity has resulted in an unfavorable adjustment of approximately $514,000. There were no other material changes, favorable or unfavorable, during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $9,528,883 compared to $8,449,594 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $1,079,289, or 12.8%. This increase was primarily due to a increase of approximately $874,000 in professional fees, predominately related to legal fees for the acquisition of WMI and an increase of approximately $339,000 in salaries.

Interest expense. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $1,989,417, compared to $1,698,914 for 2017, an increase of $290,503 or 17.1%. The increase in interest expense is the result of an increase in the average amount of outstanding debt during 2018 as compared to 2017.

Income from operations. We had income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $8,635,380 compared to income from operations of $10,196,322 for the year ended December 31, 2017. The decrease was predominately the result in the decrease in gross profit described above, and the increase in selling, general and administrative expenses described above.

Provision for income taxes. Our historic effective tax rate has been between 30%-32% of taxable income. The rate has been below the previous statutory federal income tax rate of 34% because of our ability to utilize the domestic production activity deduction, available to companies that do manufacturing within the United States. The provision for income taxes in the year ended December 31, 2017 was $2,710,000, an effective tax rate of approximately 32%, which is comparable with historic rates and prior to the change in the federal statutory rate.

The provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2018 was approximately $4.5 million, an effective tax rate of approximately 67%. In February 2019, the Company received information that the net operating loss carryback that was utilized in 2014 was under examination and could possibly be disallowed by the IRS. The Company has not received a written notice or tax assessment related to the possible disallowance of our net operating loss carryback. If we receive written notice we have the ability to appeal the disallowance, as well as go to tax court to challenge the notice. Although the Company has not received any formal documentation or notice of such disallowance, in accordance with ASC 740-10 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Tax Positions” the Company has recorded a liability of approximately $3.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2018 for this uncertainty. The liability represents the maximum net tax adjustment for the disallowance of the net operating loss carryback, computed at the pre-2018 tax rates, and tax savings of recording a net operating loss carryforward, calculated at the current tax rates.

Business Outlook

The statements in the “Business Outlook” section and other forward-looking statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are subject to revision during the course of the year in our quarterly earnings releases and SEC filings and at other times.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General. At December 31, 2018, we had working capital of $98,350,176 compared to $78,137,801 at December 31, 2017, an increase of $20,212,375, or 25.9%. This increase is predominately the result of increases in contract assets and WMI inventory.

Cash Flow. A large portion of our cash is used to pay for materials and processing costs associated with contracts that are in process which do not provide for progress payments. Costs for which we are not able to bill on a progress basis are components of contract assets on our consolidated balance sheet and represent the aggregate costs and related earnings for uncompleted contracts for which the customer has not yet been billed. These costs and earnings are recovered upon shipment of products and presentation of billings in accordance with contract terms.

Because ASC 606 requires us to use estimates in determining revenues and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods, there can be a significant disparity between earnings (both for accounting and tax purposes) as reported and actual cash that we receive during any reporting period. Accordingly, it is possible that we may have a shortfall in our cash flow and may need to borrow money until the reported earnings materialize into actual cash receipts.

Several of our programs require us to expend up-front costs that may have to be amortized over a portion of production units. In the case of significant program delays and/or program cancellations, we could be required to bear impairment charges, which may be material for costs that are not recoverable. Such charges and the loss of up-front costs could have a material impact on our liquidity and results of operations.

We continue to work to obtain better payment terms with our customers, including accelerated progress payment arrangements, as well as exploring alternative funding sources.

At December 31, 2018, our cash balance was $4,128,142 compared to $1,430,877 at December 31, 2017, an increase of $2,697,265. Our accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2018 increased to $8,623,329 from $5,379,821 at December 31, 2017. Additionally, at December 31, 2018 we have $2,000,000 of restricted cash, which is cash held in escrow pursuant to the WMI acquisition and the determination of a final working capital adjustment.

Bank Credit Facilities.

On March 24, 2016, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with BankUnited, N.A. as the sole arranger, administrative agent and collateral agent and Citizens Bank, N.A. (the “BankUnited Facility”). The BankUnited Facility provides for a revolving credit loan commitment of $30 million (the “Revolving Loan”) and a $10 million term loan (“Term Loan”). The Revolving Loan bears interest at a rate based upon a pricing grid, as defined in the agreement.

On August 15, 2018, the Company entered into a Third Amendment and Waiver to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) with the Lenders named therein and BankUnited, N.A., as Sole Arranger, Agent, and Collateral Agent, dated as of March 24, 2016, as amended by the First Amendment and Waiver to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 9, 2016, as further amended by the Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 13, 2017 (collectively, the “Credit Agreement”).

Under the Amendment, the parties amended the Credit Agreement by, among other things, (i) extending the maturity date of the Company’s existing $30 million Revolving Loan and its existing $10 million Term Loan to June 30, 2020, (ii) amending the leverage ratio covenant, (iii) amending the interest rates corresponding to the leverage ratio, (iv) waiving non-compliance with the leverage ratio covenant for the trailing four fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, and (v) amending provisions relating to the consummation of a public offering of common stock so that if an offering results in gross proceeds of $7 million or more, (A) the Company will prepay the loans in an amount equal to 25% of net proceeds of the offering (with $1.2 million applied to the Term Loan and the remainder applied to the Revolving Loan) and (B) the Company will maintain a minimum of $3 million in either unrestricted cash in an account with BankUnited, N.A., or in availability under the Revolving Loan.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company was not in compliance with the leverage and net profit financial covenants contained in the BankUnited Facility, as amended. The Bank has waived the provisions of these covenants as of December 31, 2018.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had $24.0 million outstanding and as of December 31, 2017, the Company had $22.8 million outstanding under the BankUnited Facility.

We believe that our existing resources, together with the availability under our credit facility, will be sufficient to meet our current working capital needs for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of our consolidated financial statements.

The Term Loan had an initial amount of $10 million, payable in monthly installments, as defined in the agreement, which matures on June 30, 2020. The maturities of the Term Loan are included in the maturities of long-term debt.

In May 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap with the objective of reducing its exposure to cash flow volatility arising from interest rate fluctuations associated with certain debt. The notional amount, maturity date, and currency of this contract match those of the underlying debt. The Company has designated this interest rate swap contract as a cash flow hedge. During the month of June 2018, the interest rate swap matured and the Company realized a net gain of approximately $7,000.

Contractual Obligations. The table below summarizes information about our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 and the effects these obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in the future years.

Inflation. Inflation historically has not had a material effect on our operations.

Management does not believe that there is any material market risk exposure with respect to derivative or other financial instruments that would require disclosure under this item.

This information appears following Item 15 of this Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

None.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management has established disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information it is required to disclose in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Such disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information the Company is required to disclose in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In connection with the filing of the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 (the “Original Form 10-Q”), the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) were effective as of September 30, 2018.

Subsequent to that evaluation, in connection with the restatement of the Company’s financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, discussed in Note 1 to the condensed financial statements included in the Form 10-Q/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2019, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer reevaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2018, and determined that a material weakness existed in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have identified the following material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting: that the review control procedures failed to identify, in a timely manner, the miscoding of an invoice in the Company’s records and the resulting overstatement of revenue. Because the foregoing material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting had not been remediated by or before the filing of the Original Form 10-Q, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2018. In addition, because the material weakness was not discovered until February of 2019, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2018. Our evaluation excluded WMI which was acquired on December 20, 2018. On a pro forma basis, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, WMI represented approximately 10% of total assets and 14% of revenue. These percentages are not expected to differ significantly for the period post acquisition. In accordance with guidance issued by the SEC, companies are allowed to exclude acquisitions from their assessment of internal control over financial reporting during the first year subsequent to the acquisition while integrating with acquired operations.

Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) define “disclosure controls and procedures” to mean controls and procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The definition further states that disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financial statement preparation and presentation.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal Control- Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on this evaluation, and the material weakness described above, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2018. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, has been audited by CohnReznick LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which was adverse due to the material weakness and appears herein.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company has reviewed its financial closing process and has identified the corrective action to remediate the control failure that was the cause of this error and expects to implement this control, as well as, certain other procedures in the first quarter of 2019. The new control will independently reconcile shipments of product to the Company’s billings by contract in order to ensure proper revenue recognition. The Company believes that the corrective action and implementation of the new control procedures will provide reasonable assurance that this type of error will not occur in the future.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and 

Stockholders of CPI Aerostructures, Inc.

Adverse Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited CPI Aerostructures, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ (the Company’s) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). As described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Welding Metallurgy, Inc. and subsidiary (WMI), which was acquired on December 20, 2018 and whose consolidated financial statements constitute 7.5% of total assets and 0.1% of total revenues of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at WMI. In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness described in the following paragraph on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

A material weakness is a control deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management’s assessment. The Company did not have adequate review controls over the coding of invoices in the revenue recognition process. This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2018 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated April 1, 2019, on those consolidated financial statements.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows of the Company, and our report dated April 1, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ CohnReznick LLP

Jericho, New York

April 1, 2019

None.

PART III

See Item 14.

See Item 14.

See Item 14.

See Item 14.

The information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 will be contained in our definitive proxy statement for our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year covered by this report pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act, and incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

**Filed herewith.

***XBRL information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of section 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES 

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and 

Stockholders of CPI Aerostructures, Inc.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CPI Aerostructures, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated April 1, 2019, expressed an adverse opinion.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ CohnReznick LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.

Jericho, New York

April 1, 2019

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

see notes to CONSOLIDATED financial statements

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

see notes to CONSOLIDATED financial statements

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

see notes to CONSOLIDATED financial statements

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

see notes to CONSOLIDATED financial statements

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The Company consists of CPI Aerostructures, Inc. (“CPI”) and Welding Metallury, Inc. (“WMI”), a wholly owned subsidiary acquired on December 20, 2018 and Compac Development Corporation (“Compac”), a wholly owned subsidiary of WMI, collectively the “Company.”

CPI is a U.S. supplier of aircraft parts for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters in both the commercial and defense markets. We manufacture complex aerostructure assemblies, as well as aerosystems. Additionally, we supply parts for maintenance, repair and overhaul (“MRO”) and kitting contracts.

CPI acquired WMI on December 20, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2018 operating results include the operating results of WMI from the date of acquisition, which were not material.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Acquisition of WMI

On December 20, 2018 (the “WMI Acquisition Date”), pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”), dated as of March 21, 2018, with Air Industries Group (“Air Industries”), the Company purchased from Air Industries all of the outstanding shares of WMI, previously a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Industries (the “WMI Acquisition”) (See Note 2).

Public Offering 

On October 19, 2018 the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 2,760,000 shares of its common stock, including 360,000 shares pursuant to the underwriters’ full exercise of their over-allotment option, at a public offering price of $6.25 per share. The Company’s net proceeds from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and other offering expenses, were approximately $16.1 million.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires the use of estimates by management. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Business Combinations

The Company applied business combination accounting for the WMI Acquisition in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations” (“ASC 805”). Business combination accounting requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at their respective estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. In determining estimated fair values, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the recorded amounts, including, but not limited to, expected future cash flows, discount rates, remaining useful lives of long-lived assets, useful lives of identified intangible assets, replacement or reproduction costs of property and equipment and the amounts to be recovered in future periods from acquired net operating losses and other deferred tax assets. Our estimates in this area impact, among other items, the amount of depreciation and amortization, impairment charges in certain instances if the asset becomes impaired, and income tax expense or benefit that we report. Our provisional estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain. See Note 2 for a summary and status of the application of business combination accounting.

Revenue Recognition

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), using the modified retrospective method for all of its contracts. ASC 606 requires sales and gross profit to be recognized over the contract period as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred and total estimated costs at the completion of the contract. Recognized revenues that will not be billed under the terms of the contract until a later date are recorded as an asset captioned “Contract assets.” Contracts where billings to date have exceeded recognized revenues are recorded as a liability captioned “Contract liabilities.” Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of the contract. Estimates are reviewed monthly and the effect of any change in the estimated gross margin percentage for a contract is reflected in revenue in the period the change becomes known. ASC 606 involves considerable use of estimates in determining revenues, costs and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. As a result, there can be a significant disparity between earnings (both for accounting and tax purposes) as reported and actual cash received during any reporting period. The Company continually evaluates all matters that could have an impact on the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the process; however, it cannot be assured that estimates will be accurate. If estimates are not accurate or a contract is terminated, the Company is required to adjust revenue in later periods. Furthermore, even if estimates are accurate, there may be a shortfall in cash flow and the Company may need to borrow money, or seek access to other forms of liquidity, to fund its work in process or to pay taxes until the reported earnings materialize as actual cash receipts.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

When changes are required for the estimated total revenue on a contract, these changes are recognized with an inception-to-date effect in the current period. Also, when estimates of total costs to be incurred exceed estimates of total revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is recorded in the period in which the loss is determined.

Following the adoption of ASC 606, the Company’s revenue recognition for all of its contracts remained materially consistent with historical practice and there was no material impact in the year ended December 31, 2018 consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In compliance with ASC 606, costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts, on the December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet, have been reclassified to contract assets. Additionally, billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts and contract losses, on the December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet, have been combined and reclassified to contract liabilities.

In addition, the Company recognizes revenue for parts supplied for certain MRO contracts and for WMI when finished goods have been transferred to the customer and there are no other obligations to customers after the title of the goods have transferred. Title of goods are transferred based on shipping terms for each customer - for shipments with terms of FOB Shipping Point, title is transferred upon shipment; for shipments with terms of FOB Destination, title is transferred upon delivery.

Government Contracts

The Company’s government contracts are subject to the procurement rules and regulations of the U.S. government. Many of the contract terms are dictated by these rules and regulations. Specifically, cost-based pricing is determined under the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”), which provides guidance on the types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods and services under U.S. government contracts. For example, costs such as those related to charitable contributions, advertising, interest expense, and public relations are unallowable, and therefore not recoverable through sales. During and after the fulfillment of a government contract, the Company may be audited in respect of the direct and allocated indirect costs attributable thereto. These audits may result in adjustments to the Company’s contract cost, and/or revenue.

When contractual terms allow, the Company invoices its customers on a progress basis.

Cash

The Company maintains its cash in five financial institutions. The balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. From time to time, the Company’s balances may exceed these limits. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had approximately $4,034,000 and $1,377,000, respectively, of uninsured balances. The Company limits its credit risk by selecting financial institutions considered to be highly credit worthy.

Restricted Cash

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-08, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash, (“ASU 2016-18”), which requires the inclusion of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statements of cash flows. The Company's restricted cash balance is $2,000,000 as of December 31, 2018, which is cash held in escrow pursuant to the WMI acquisition and the determination of a final working capital adjustment.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances. The Company writes off accounts when they are deemed to be uncollectible.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Property and Equipment

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is provided by the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of the respective assets or the lease term if shorter, for leasehold improvements.

Rent

We recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. Within the provisions of certain leases there are escalations in payments over the lease term. The effects of the escalations have been reflected in rent expense on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets and intangibles with definite lives for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. As a result of its review, the Company does not believe that any such change has occurred. If such changes in circumstance are present, a loss is recognized to the extent the carrying value of the asset is in excess of the fair value of cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and amounts expected to be realized upon its eventual disposition.

Short-Term Debt

The fair value of the Company’s short-term debt is estimated based on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of similar terms and maturities. Using this method, the fair value of the Company’s short-term debt was not significantly different than the stated value at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Derivatives

Our use of derivative instruments has primarily been to hedge interest rates. These derivative contracts are entered into with financial institutions. We do not use derivative instruments for trading purposes and we have procedures in place to monitor and control their use.

We record these derivative financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

Any ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument for a cash flow hedge is recorded in the results of operations immediately. For derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, the gain or loss is recognized in the results of operations immediately.

In May 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap with the objective of reducing our exposure to cash flow volatility arising from interest rate fluctuations associated with certain debt. The notional amount, maturity date, and currency of this contract match those of the underlying debt. The Company has designated this interest rate swap contract as a cash flow hedge. The Company measures ineffectiveness by comparing the cumulative change in the forward contact with the cumulative change in the hedged item.

As a result of the use of derivative instruments, the Company is exposed to risk that the counterparties may fail to meet their contractual obligations. Recent adverse developments in the global financial and credit markets could negatively impact the creditworthiness of our counterparties and cause one or more of our counterparties to fail to perform as expected. To mitigate the counterparty credit risk, we only enter into contracts with carefully selected major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors, and continually assess the creditworthiness of counterparties. To date, all counterparties have performed in accordance with their contractual obligations.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Fair Value

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the fair values of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximated their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

We estimated the fair value of debt using market quotes and calculations based on market rates.

The following tables present the fair values of liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017:

The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap was determined by comparing the fixed rate set at the inception of the transaction to the “replacement swap rate,” which represents the market rate for an offsetting interest rate swap with the same notional amounts and final maturity date. The market value is then determined by calculating the present value of the interest differential between the contractual swap and the replacement swap.

As of December 31, 2017, $18,781 was included in other liabilities related to the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap and $15,000, net of tax of approximately $4,000 was included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

During June 2018, the interest rate swap matured and the Company realized a net gain of approximately $7,000.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding adjusted for the incremental shares attributed to outstanding options to purchase common stock. Incremental shares of approximately 35,000 were used in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share in 2018. Incremental shares of 6,772 were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculations at December 31, 2018, as their exercise price was in excess of the Company’s quoted market price and, accordingly, these shares are not assumed to be exercised for the diluted earnings per share calculation. Incremental shares of approximately 35,000 were used in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share in 2017. Incremental shares of 45,249 were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculations at December 31, 2017, as their exercise price was in excess of the Company’s quoted market price and, accordingly, these shares are not assumed to be exercised for the diluted earnings per share calculation.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” (“ASC 740”) whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to the temporary differences between the consolidated financial statements carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Recently Issued but not Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. Originally, entities were required to adopt ASU 2016-02 using a modified retrospective approach at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements and the recognition of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The FASB subsequently issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-10 and Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 in July 2018, which provide clarifications and improvements to ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the “new lease standard”). Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 also provides the optional transition method which allows companies to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date instead of at the earliest comparative period presented and continue to apply the provisions of the previous lease standard in its annual disclosures for the comparative periods. The new lease standard requires lessees to present a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet. Lessor accounting is substantially unchanged compared to the current accounting guidance. Additional footnote disclosures related to leases will also be required.

On January 1, 2019, the Company expects to adopt the new lease standard using the optional transition method. The comparative financial information will not be restated and will continue to be reported under the previous lease standard in effect during those periods. In addition, the new lease standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company expects to elect the package of practical expedients. As such, the Company will not reassess whether expired or existing contracts are or contain a lease; will not need to reassess the lease classifications or reassess the initial direct costs associated with expired or existing leases. The Company will not elect the use-of-hindsight or the practical expedient pertaining to land easements; the latter not being applicable to the Company.

The new lease standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. The Company expects to elect the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that qualify, the Company will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities, and this includes not recognizing ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. The Company expects to elect the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for certain classes of assets (office buildings).

On January 1, 2019, the Company expects to recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities in the range of approximately $5,300,000 to $5,800,000 and no adjustment to the accumulated deficit. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new lease standard to impact its consolidated statement of operations or its consolidated statement of cash flows.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

As discussed in Note 1, the Company completed the WMI Acquisition on December 20, 2018. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC Topic 805. Accordingly, the Company is required to determine and record the fair value of the assets acquired, including any potential intangible assets, and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. The acquisition was considered a stock purchase for tax purposes.

The purchase price for the acquisition was $7.9 million, which is subject to a post-closing working capital adjustment. As such, $2 million of the purchase price was held in escrow at closing subject to the completion of the working capital adjustment and in the event of other contingencies. The escrowed amount is shown as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. The working capital adjustment is based on the historical values of components of working capital as defined in the Agreement. Based on the working capital statement prepared by the Company and delivered to Air Industries on March 20, 2019, the Company has concluded that it is more likely than not, that the purchase price will be reduced sufficiently such that at a minimum, the full amount in escrow will be retained by the Company. The final working capital statement presented to Air Industries is expected to be reviewed and the purchase price adjustment finalized not later than the third quarter of 2019.

The Company is in process of determining the acquisition date fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired and has recorded provisional estimates as of the acquisition date. As the Company completes this process and additional information becomes known concerning the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, management will likely make adjustments to the fair value of the amounts provisionally recorded in the opening balance sheet of WMI during the measurement period, which is no longer than a one-year period following the acquisition date. The determination of the fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed (and the related determination of estimated lives of depreciable tangible and identifiable intangible assets) requires significant judgment. If the final aggregate fair value of the net assets acquired is less than the final purchase price paid then the Company may be required to record goodwill. Conversely, if the final aggregate fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the final purchase price paid then the Company may potentially conclude that the purchase of WMI was a “bargain purchase.”

As stated above, the Company has determined the following provisional estimates of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from WMI:

The following table presents the unaudited pro forma revenue and net income for the period presented as if the WMI Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2017 based on the provisional estimates of the fair value of the net assets acquired:

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The pro forma results presented above include the impact of eliminating parent company charges from Air Industries for general expenses and interest, net of tax.

The majority of the Company’s revenues are from long-term contracts with the U.S. government and commercial contractors. The contracts with the U.S. government typically are subject to the FAR which provides guidance on the types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods and services provided under U.S. government contracts. The pricing for commercial contractors are based on the specific negotiations with each customer.

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified and payment terms are identified.

To determine the proper revenue recognition method, the Company evaluates whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one single contract and whether the combined or single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. This evaluation requires significant judgment and the decision to combine a group of contracts or separate the combined or single contract into multiple performance obligations could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in a given period.

All of the Company’s current long-term contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. The Company’s contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. The Company considers contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new performance obligations or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. All of the Company’s contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis.

Revenues for the Company’s long-term contracts are recognized over time as the Company performs its obligations because of continuous transfer of control to the customer. The continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in contracts that either allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay the Company for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and the products and services have no alternative use or the customer controls the work in progress.

Because of control transferring over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. The Company uses the cost-to-cost input method to measure progress for its contracts because it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer which occurs as the Company incurs costs on its contracts.

In applying the cost-to-cost input method, the Company compares the actual costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs to determine its progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of estimated revenue and estimated gross profit recognized. For any costs incurred that do not contribute to a performance obligation, the Company excludes such costs from its input method of revenue recognition as the amounts are not reflective in transferring control of the asset to the customer. Costs to fulfill a performance obligation include labor, materials and subcontractors costs, other direct costs and an allocation of indirect costs. Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of the contract. Estimates are reviewed monthly and the effect of any change in the estimated gross margin for a contract is reflected in revenue in the period the change becomes known. Contract estimates involve considerable use of estimates in determining revenues and profits and in assigning the amounts to accounting periods. As a result, there can be a significant disparity between earnings (both for accounting and tax purposes) as reported and actual cash received during any reporting period. The Company continually evaluates all of the issues related to the assumptions, risks and uncertainties inherent with the application of the cost-to-cost input method; however, it cannot be assured that estimates will be accurate. If estimates are not accurate or a contract is terminated, the Company is required to adjust revenue in later periods. Furthermore, even if estimates are accurate, there may be a shortfall in cash flow and the Company may need to borrow money, or seek access to other forms of liquidity, to fund its work in process or to pay taxes until the reported earnings materialize as actual cash receipts.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

For the Company’s uncompleted contracts, contract assets include unbilled amounts and when the estimated revenues recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer and right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Amounts may not exceed their net realizable value. Contract assets are classified as current. The Company’s contract liabilities consist of billings in excess of estimated revenues recognized and contract losses. Contract liabilities are classified as current. The Company’s contract assets and liabilities are reported in a gross position at the end of each reporting period.

Revenue recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018, that was included in the contract liabilities at January 1, 2018, was zero.

The Company’s remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price of its long-term contracts for which work has not been performed. As of December 31, 2018, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was approximately $78,934,000. The Company estimates that it expects to recognize approximately 97% of its remaining performance obligations in 2019.

In addition, the Company recognizes revenue for products manufactured by WMI and parts supplied for certain MRO contracts at a point in time following the transfer of control to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery, depending on the terms of the underlying contract. Revenue recognized from WMI in 2018 was immaterial.

Revenue from long-term contracts transferred to customers over time and revenue from MRO contracts transferred at a point in time accounted for approximately 95% and 5%, respectively, of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Revenue by long-term contract type for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:

Net contract assets (liabilities) consist of the following:

(1) On January 1, 2018, as a result of the adoption of ASC 606, the Company reclassified costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts to contract assets and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts and contract losses to contract liabilities.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The increase or decrease in the Company’s net contract assets (liabilities) from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 was primarily due to costs incurred on newer programs, like the new design of the HondaJet engine inlet ($3 million increase), for which the Company has not begun billing at a steady rate. Additionally, the Company experienced some delays in shipping on the G650 program which increased contract assets by $8 million. This has been offset by a decrease in contract assets on our E-2D program ($2 million decrease) which is shipping on a regular schedule and a decrease in contract assets on our Next Generation Jammer Pod program ($7 million decrease).

Revisions in the estimated gross profits on contracts and contract amounts are made in the period in which the circumstances became known requiring the revisions. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the effect of such revisions in total estimated contract profits resulted in a decrease to the total gross profit to be earned on the contracts of approximately $686,000 from that which would have been reported had the revised estimates been used as the basis of recognition of contract profits since inception of the contracts. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the effect of such revisions was a decrease to total gross profit of approximately $1.0 million.

Although management believes it has established adequate procedures for estimating costs to uncompleted open contracts, it is possible that additional significant costs could occur on contracts prior to completion.

5.    ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable consists of trade receivables as follows:

6.    INVENTORY

The components of inventory consisted of the following:

7.    PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $710,197 and $616,291, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company acquired $651,775 and $146,192, respectively, of property and equipment under capital leases.

On March 24, 2016, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with BankUnited, N.A. as the sole arranger, administrative agent and collateral agent and Citizens Bank N.A. (the “BankUnited Facility”). The BankUnited Facility provides for a revolving credit loan commitment of $30 million (the “Revolving Loan”) and a $10 million term loan (“Term Loan”). The Revolving Loan bears interest at a rate based upon a pricing grid, as defined in the agreement.

On August 15, 2018, the Company entered into a Third Amendment and Waiver to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) with the Lenders named therein and BankUnited, N.A., as sole arranger, agent, and collateral agent, dated as of March 24, 2016, as amended by the First Amendment and Waiver to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 9, 2016, as further amended by the Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 13, 2017 (collectively, the “Credit Agreement”).

Under the Amendment, the parties amended the Credit Agreement by, among other things, (i) extending the maturity date of the Company’s existing $30 million Revolving Loan and its existing $10 million Term Loan to June 30, 2020, (ii) amending the leverage ratio covenant, (iii) amending the interest rates corresponding to the leverage ratio, (iv) waiving non-compliance with the leverage ratio covenant for the trailing four fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, and (v) amending provisions relating to the consummation of a public offering of common stock so that if an offering results in gross proceeds of $7 million or more, (A) the Company will prepay the loans in an amount equal to 25% of net proceeds of the offering (with $1.2 million applied to the Term Loan and the remainder applied to the Revolving Loan) and (B) the Company will maintain a minimum of $3 million in either unrestricted cash in an account with BankUnited, N.A., or in availability under the Revolving Loan.

Pursuant to the Amendment, on October 19, 2018, the Company used $4.1 million of the net proceeds of its public offering completed on October 19, 2018 for prepayments of loans under the BankUnited Facility, including $1.2 million applied to the term loan and $2.9 million applied to the revolving line of credit.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company was not in compliance with the leverage and net profit financial covenants contained in the BankUnited Facility, as amended. The bank has waived the provisions of these covenants as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had $24.0 million outstanding under the Restated Agreement bearing interest at 5.72%.

The BankUnited Facility is secured by all of the Company’s assets.

In May 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap with the objective of reducing its exposure to cash flow volatility arising from interest rate fluctuations associated with certain debt. The notional amount, maturity date and currency of this contract match those of the underlying debt. The Company has designated this interest rate swap contract as a cash flow hedge. The interest rate swap ended in accordance with its terms as of June 1, 2018.

On August 15, 2018, the Company entered into a Third Amendment and Waiver to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) with the Lenders named therein and BankUnited, N.A., as sole arranger, agent, and collateral agent, dated as of March 24, 2016, as amended by the First Amendment and Waiver to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 9, 2016, as further amended by the Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 13, 2017 (collectively, the “Credit Agreement”).

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Under the Amendment, the parties amended the Credit Agreement by, among other things, (i) extending the maturity date of the Company’s existing $30 million Revolving Loan and its existing $10 million Term Loan to June 30, 2020, (ii) amending the leverage ratio covenant, (iii) amending the interest rates corresponding to the leverage ratio, (iv) waiving non-compliance with the leverage ratio covenant for the trailing four fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018, and (v) amending provisions relating to the consummation of a public offering of common stock so that if an offering results in gross proceeds of $7 million or more, (A) the Company will prepay the loans in an amount equal to 25% of net proceeds of the offering (with $1.2 million applied to the Term Loan and the remainder applied to the Revolving Loan) and (B) the Company will maintain a minimum of $3 million in either unrestricted cash in an account with BankUnited, N.A., or in availability under the Revolving Loan.

The Company paid to BankUnited, N.A. commitment and agent fees in the amount of $209,082, together with out-of-pocket costs, expenses, and reasonable attorney’s fees incurred by BankUnited, N.A. in connection with the Amendment.

The Company paid approximately $463,000 of total debt issuance costs in connection with the BankUnited Facility of which approximately $141,000 is included in other assets and $50,000 is a reduction of long-term debt at December 31, 2018.

The Term Loan had an initial amount of $10 million, payable in monthly installments, as defined in the agreement, which matures on June 30, 2020.

The maturities of the long-term debt (excluding unamortized debt issuance costs) are as follows:

Also included in long-term debt are capital leases and notes payable of $592,712 and $555,209 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, including a current portion of $334,981 and $175,667, respectively.

The cost of assets under capital leases was $2,625,052 and $1,975,642 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Accumulated depreciation of assets under capital leases was approximately $1,517,000 and $1,300,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company leases an office and warehouse facility under a non-cancelable operating lease which expires in April 2022. The aggregate future commitment under this agreement is as follows:

Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $1,608,701 and $1,608,701, respectively.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as U.S. Tax Reform. The U.S. Tax Reform makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code and includes significant provisions impacting the Company’s 2017 and 2018 effective tax rate. The changes include, but are not limited to, a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. As a result, the Company believes that the most significant impact on its 2017 consolidated financial statements was the reduction of approximately $207,000 in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

The difference between the income tax provision computed at the federal statutory rate and the actual tax provision is accounted for as follows:

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had roughly $4,000,000 of gross net operating losses for federal tax purposes and $1,500,000 for state tax purposes which will begin to expire in 2034.

The Company will recognize a tax benefit in the consolidated financial statements for an uncertain tax position only if management’s assessment is that the position is “more likely than not” (i.e., a likelihood greater than 50 percent) to be allowed by the tax jurisdiction based solely on the technical merits of the position. The term “tax position” refers to a position in a previously filed tax return or a position expected to be taken in a future tax return that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes.

The provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2018 was approximately $4.5 million, an effective tax rate of approximately 66%. In February 2019, the Company received information that the net operating loss carryback that was utilized in 2014 was under examination and could possibly be disallowed by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”). The Company has not received a written notice or tax assessment related to the possible disallowance of our net operating loss carryback. If the Company receives written notice the Company has the ability to appeal the disallowance, as well as go to tax court to challenge the notice. Although the Company has not received any formal documentation or notice of such disallowance, in accordance with ASC 740-10 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Tax Positions” the Company has recorded a liability of approximately $3.1 million as of December 31, 2018 for this uncertainty. The liability represents the maximum net tax adjustment for the disallowance of the net operating loss carryback, computed at the pre-2018 tax rates, and tax savings of recording a net operating loss carryforward, calculated at the current tax rates. In accordance with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that was enacted on December 22, 2017 (“U.S. Tax Reform”), the Company has recorded a credit for income taxes of $207,000. The impact of the U.S. Tax Reform is primarily from revaluing our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future. For U.S. federal tax purposes, the corporate statutory income tax rate was reduced from 35% to 21%, effective for our 2018 tax year.

The following table indicates the changes to the Company’s uncertain tax position for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 including interest and penalties:

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company generally is no longer subject to U.S. or state examinations by tax authorities for taxable years prior to 2015. However, net operating losses utilized from prior years in subsequent years’ tax returns are subject to examination until three years after the filing of subsequent years’ tax returns. The statute of limitations expiration in foreign jurisdictions for corporate tax returns generally ranges between two and five years depending on the jurisdiction.

The Company’s policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. At December 31, 2018, the Company’s consolidated balance sheet reflects cumulative provisions for interest and penalties of $654,000, related to potential interest.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Company accounts for compensation expense associated with stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) based on the fair value of the options and units on the date of grant.

The Company used the modified transition method to establish the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital pool related to the tax effects of employee stock based compensation, which is available to absorb tax deficiencies recognized subsequent to the adoption of the fair value method.

The Company’s net income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, includes approximately $718,000 and $946,000 of stock based compensation expense, respectively, for the grant of stock options and RSUs.

In January 2018, the Company granted 58,578 RSUs to its board of directors as partial compensation for the 2018 year. On January 1, 2017, the Company granted 59,395 RSUs to its board of directors as partial compensation for the 2017 year. RSUs vest quarterly on a straight-line basis over a one-year period. The Company’s net income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 includes approximately $524,000 and $550,000, respectively, of noncash compensation expense related to the RSU grants to the board of directors. This expense is recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company granted 5,130 shares of common stock to various employees and approximately $10,000 of compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and approximately $36,000 of compensation expense is included in cost of sales for this grant. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company granted 5,550 shares of common stock to various employees and approximately $13,300 of compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and approximately $37,500 of compensation expense is included in cost of sales for this grant.

In March 2018, the Company granted 68,764 shares of common stock to various employees. In the event that any of these employees voluntarily terminates their employment prior to certain dates, portions of the shares may be forfeited. In addition, if certain Company performance criteria are not achieved, portions of these shares may be forfeited. These shares will be expensed during various periods through March 2022 based upon the service and performance thresholds. For the year ended December 31, 2018, approximately $88,100 of compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and approximately $18,400 of compensation expense is included in cost of revenue for this grant.

In August 2016 and March 2017, the Company granted 98,645 and 73,060 shares of common stock, respectively, to various employees. In the event that any of these employees voluntarily terminates their employment prior to certain dates, portions of the shares may be forfeited. In addition, if certain Company performance criteria are not achieved, portions of these shares may be forfeited. These shares will be expensed during various periods through March 2021 based upon the service and performance thresholds. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately $0 and $219,000, respectively, of compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses and approximately $0 and $46,300, respectively, of compensation expense is included in cost of sales for this grant.

In March 2018, 12,330 and 9,130 of the shares granted in 2016 and 2017, respectively, were forfeited because the Company failed to achieve certain performance criteria for the year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, on March 22, 2018, these employees returned 7,552 common shares, valued at approximately $62,000, to pay the employees’ withholding taxes.

In March 2017, 12,330 of the shares granted in August 2016 were forfeited because the Company failed to achieve certain performance criteria for the year ended December 31, 2016. In addition, on March 9, 2017, these employees returned 4,525 common shares, valued at approximately $33,000, to pay the employees’ withholding taxes.

In 2009, the Company adopted the Performance Equity Plan 2009 (the “2009 Plan”). The 2009 Plan reserved 500,000 common shares for issuance. The 2009 Plan provides for the issuance of either incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options to employees, consultants or others who provide services to the Company. The options’ exercise price is equal to the closing price of the Company’s shares on the day of issuance, except for incentive stock options granted to any person possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of Company stock, which are exercisable at 110% of the closing price of the Company’s shares on the date of issuance.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Company has 211,175 shares available for grant under the 2009 Plan.

In 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). The 2016 Plan reserved 600,000 common shares for issuance, provided that, no more than 200,000 common shares be granted as incentive stock options. Awards may be made or granted to employees, officers, directors and consultants in the form of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards.

The Company has 119,910 shares available for grant under the 2016 Plan.

The Company did not grant any stock options in 2018 or 2017.

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock option plans is as follows:

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

The Company’s stock options granted to non-employee directors vest immediately upon grant and have a maximum contractual term of five years. Stock options granted to employees vest over three years and have a maximum contractual term of ten years. The expected option term is calculated utilizing historical data of option exercises.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, no stock options were exercised for cash. During the same period, 25,000 options were exercised, pursuant to provisions of the stock option plan, where the Company received no cash and 21,666 shares of its common stock in exchange for the 25,000 shares issued in the exercise. The 21,666 shares that the Company received were valued at $202,580, the fair market value of the shares on the dates of exercise.

The intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2017 was approximately $31,300.

The fair value of all options vested during the year ended December 31, 2017 was approximately $82,000.

On September 11, 1996, the Company’s board of directors instituted a defined contribution plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). On October 1, 1998, the Company amended and standardized its plan as required by the Code. Pursuant to the amended plan, qualified employees may contribute a percentage of their pretax eligible compensation to the Plan and the Company will match a percentage of each employee’s contribution. Additionally, the Company has a profit-sharing plan covering all eligible employees. Contributions by the Company are at the discretion of management. The amount of contributions recorded by the Company in 2018 and 2017 amounted to $237,568 and $361,682, respectively.

Eleven percent of revenue in 2018 and 8% of revenue in 2017 were directly attributable to the U.S. Government. Twenty two percent and 6% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were from the U. S. Government.

In addition, in 2018, 24%, 16% and 12% of our revenue were to our three largest commercial customers, respectively. In 2017, 25%, 23% and 12% of our revenue were to our three largest commercial customers, respectively. At December 31, 2018, 20%, 18% and 17% of accounts receivable were from our three largest commercial customers. At December 31, 2017, 44%, 18% and 13% of accounts receivable were from our three largest commercial customers.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, 2% and 4%, respectively, of contract assets were from the U.S. Government.

At December 31, 2018, 39%, 14%, 13%, and 13% of contract assets were from our four largest commercial customers. At December 31, 2017, 32%, 20%, 12%, and 10% of contract assets were from our four largest commercial customers.

In 2018 and 2017, approximately 5% and 4%, respectively, of our revenue was from a customer who is located outside the United States.

CPI AEROSTRUCTURES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: