CROWN HOLDINGS INC - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

____________________________________

FORM 10-Q

____________________________________



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED September 30, 2018



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ____ TO ____

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 000-50189

____________________________________________________

CROWN HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________________________



Pennsylvania		75-3099507
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

770 Township Line Road, Yardley, Pa		19067
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

215-698-5100

(registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

____________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)



Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨

Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	¨

Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ¨ No x

There were 135,190,167 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of October 25, 2018.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In millions except per share data)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net sales	$	3,174		$	2,468		$	8,417		$	6,530
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	2,530			1,972			6,804			5,235
Depreciation and amortization	127			63			305			183
Selling and administrative expense	153			89			402			270
Restructuring and other	(1		)	16			28			30
Income from operations	365			328			878			812
Other pension and postretirement	(13		)	(19		)	(47		)	(43		)
Loss from early extinguishments of debt	—			—			—			7
Interest expense	105			64			282			187
Interest income	(6		)	(4		)	(17		)	(10		)
Foreign exchange	(14		)	—			14			4
Income before income taxes	293			287			646			667
Provision for income taxes	102			79			196			178
Equity earnings in affiliates	2			—			3			—
Net income	193			208			453			489
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29		)	(31		)	(67		)	(77		)
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	164		$	177		$	386		$	412

Earnings per common share attributable to Crown Holdings:
Basic	$	1.23		$	1.32		$	2.89		$	3.03
Diluted	$	1.23		$	1.32		$	2.88		$	3.02

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In millions)

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income	$	193		$	208		$	453		$	489

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(11		)	17			(73		)	226
Pension and other postretirement benefits	7			23			29			40
Derivatives qualifying as hedges	(10		)	4			(28		)	12
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(14		)	44			(72		)	278

Total comprehensive income	179			252			381			767
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29		)	(31		)	(67		)	(77		)
Translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests	1			(1		)	2			(3		)
Derivatives qualifying as hedges attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			1			—
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	151		$	220		$	317		$	687

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Condensed)

(In millions)

(Unaudited)



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	298	$	424
Receivables, net	1,968		1,041
Inventories	1,639		1,385
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	193		224
Total current assets	4,098		3,074

Goodwill	4,495		3,046
Intangible assets, net	2,258		472
Property, plant and equipment, net	3,722		3,239
Other non-current assets	762		832
Total	$	15,335	$	10,663

Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Short-term debt	$	53	$	62
Current maturities of long-term debt	89		64
Accounts payable	2,507		2,367
Accrued liabilities	952		757
Total current liabilities	3,601		3,250

Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	8,928		5,217
Postretirement and pension liabilities	616		588
Other non-current liabilities	880		685
Commitments and contingent liabilities ( Note J)
Noncontrolling interests	369		322
Crown Holdings shareholders’ equity	941		601
Total equity	1,310		923
Total	$	15,335	$	10,663

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Condensed)

(In millions)

(Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30
	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	453		$	489
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used for operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	305			183
Restructuring and other	28			30
Foreign exchange	14			4
Pension expense	8			10
Pension contributions	(14		)	(46		)
Deferred income taxes	64			60
Stock-based compensation	17			16
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables	(955		)	(976		)
Inventories	(139		)	(108		)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(37		)	48
Other, net	24			20
Net cash used for operating activities	(232		)	(270		)
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures	(305		)	(282		)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	(3,912		)	—
Beneficial interests in transferred receivables	490			758
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	27			8
Foreign exchange derivatives related to acquisitions	(25		)	—
Net investment hedge	10			—
Other	(4		)	(20		)
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities	(3,719		)	464
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from long-term debt	4,082			1,054
Payments of long-term debt	(56		)	(1,100		)
Net change in revolving credit facility and short-term debt	(27		)	22
Debt issue costs	(70		)	(15		)
Common stock issued	1			8
Common stock repurchased	(4		)	(339		)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	(18		)	(68		)
Foreign exchange derivatives related to debt	(6		)	38
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	3,902			(400		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(32		)	16
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(81		)	(190		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at January 1	435			576
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at September 30	$	354		$	386

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In millions)

(Unaudited)



	Crown Holdings, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity
	Common Stock		Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Treasury Stock			Total Crown Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	929	$	446		$	2,621	$	(3,400	)	$	(230	)	$	366		$	302		$	668
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle						60								60						60
Net income						412								412			77			489
Other comprehensive income								275						275			3			278
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests														—			(68		)	(68		)
Restricted stock awarded			(1		)						1			—						—
Stock-based compensation			16											16						16
Common stock issued			7								1			8						8
Common stock repurchased			(308		)						(31		)	(339		)				(339		)
Purchase of noncontrolling interests														—						—
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	929	$	160		$	3,093	$	(3,125	)	$	(259	)	$	798		$	314		$	1,112

Balance at January 1, 2018	$	929	$	167		$	3,004	$	(3,241	)	$	(258	)	$	601		$	322		$	923
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles						6		3						9			1			10
Net income						386								386			67			453
Other comprehensive loss								(69		)				(69		)	(3		)	(72		)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests														—			(18		)	(18		)
Restricted stock awarded			(5		)						5			—						—
Stock-based compensation			17											17						17
Common stock issued			1											1						1
Common stock repurchased			(4		)									(4		)				(4		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	929	$	176		$	3,396	$	(3,307	)	$	(253	)	$	941		$	369		$	1,310

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share and statistical data)

(Unaudited)


A.	Statement of Information Furnished

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Crown Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”). The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Form 10-Q instructions. In the opinion of management, these consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments of a normal and recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2018 and the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and of its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The results reported in these consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. These results have been determined on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.


B.	Accounting and Reporting Developments

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Statement of Cash Flows

In August 2016, the FASB issued new guidance related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments on the statement of cash flows. Under the new guidance, premiums paid for debt extinguishments are classified as cash outflows from financing activities. In addition, beneficial interests obtained in a securitization of financial assets are disclosed as a noncash activity and cash receipts from the beneficial interests are classified as cash inflows from investing activities. Under previous guidance, the Company classified cash receipts from beneficial interests in securitized receivables and premiums paid for debt extinguishments as cash flows from operating activities. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and recast prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation. For the period ended September 30, 2017, the Company reclassified $758 from net cash used for operating activities to net cash provided by investing activities. Additionally, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, beneficial interests obtained in securitized receivables were $456 and $817.

In November 2016, new accounting guidance was issued that requires the statement of cash flows to explain the change in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. In addition, restricted cash is included in a cash reconciliation of beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statements of cash flows. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and recast prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	298	$	424
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	48		2
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets	8		9
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	354	$	435

Crown Holdings, Inc.



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	374	$	559
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	2		8
Restricted cash included in other non-current assets	10		9
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	386	$	576

Amounts included in restricted cash primarily represent amounts required to be set aside by certain of the Company's receivables securitization agreements.

Pension and other postretirement benefit costs

In March 2017, the FASB issued new guidance on the presentation of pension and other postretirement benefit costs. Under the new guidance, only the service cost component of pension and other postretirement benefit costs is presented with other employee compensation costs within income from operations or capitalized in assets. The other components are reported separately outside of income from operations and are not eligible for capitalization. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 and recast prior period amounts to conform to the current year presentation.

The Company reclassified the following net (benefits) charges on the Statement of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 to conform to current year presentation:



	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2017			September 30, 2017
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	$	(16	)	$	(41	)
Selling and administrative expense	1			2
Restructuring and other	(4		)	(4		)
Other pension and postretirement	(19		)	(43		)

Revenue recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued new guidance which outlined a single comprehensive model to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. Under previous guidance, the Company generally recognized revenue upon shipment or delivery. Under the new guidance, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services which is either at a point in time or over time. In addition to accelerating the timing of revenue recognition, an unbilled receivable is recognized with an offsetting decrease to inventory. The new guidance will not have a material impact on the Company's annual income from operations but could impact income from operations in certain quarters as the Company may recognize revenue from certain products as it builds inventory in anticipation of seasonal demands.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were outstanding as of January 1, 2018. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new revenue standard, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018 for the adoption of the new revenue standard was as follows:

Crown Holdings, Inc.



	As reported					As revised
	December 31, 2017		Adjustment			January 1, 2018
Receivables, net	$	1,041	$	154		$	1,195
Inventories	1,385		(144		)	1,241
Prepaid and other current assets	224		26			250
Total current assets	3,074		36			3,110
Other non-current assets	832		1			833
Total assets	10,663		37			10,700
Accrued liabilities	757		17			774
Total current liabilities	3,250		17			3,267
Other non-current liabilities	685		10			695
Noncontrolling interests	322		1			323
Accumulated earnings	3,004		9			3,013
Crown Holdings shareholders' equity	601		9			610
Total equity	923		10			933
Total liabilities and equity	10,663		37			10,700

The impact of adoption on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 and Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:



	As reported					Balances without adoption of new standard
Consolidated Balance Sheet	September 30, 2018		Effects of change			Balances without adoption of new standard
Receivables, net	$	1,968	$	(226	)	$	1,742
Inventories	1,639		199			1,838
Prepaid and other current assets	193		(28		)	165
Total current assets	4,098		(55		)	4,043
Other non-current assets	762		2			764
Total assets	15,335		(53		)	15,282
Accrued liabilities	952		(24		)	928
Total current liabilities	3,601		(24		)	3,577
Other non-current liabilities	880		(11		)	869
Noncontrolling interests	369		(2		)	367
Accumulated earnings	3,396		(16		)	3,380
Crown Holdings shareholders' equity	941		(16		)	925
Total equity	1,310		(18		)	1,292
Total liabilities and equity	15,335		(53		)	15,282

Crown Holdings, Inc.



	As reported For the three months ended
	As reported For the three months ended			Effects of change			Balances without adoption of new standard
Statement of Operations	September 30, 2018			Effects of change			Balances without adoption of new standard
Net sales	$	3,174		$	(6	)	$	3,168
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	2,530			(6		)	2,524
Income from operations	365			—			365
Foreign exchange	(14		)	(1		)	(15		)
Income before income taxes	293			1			294
Provision for income taxes	102			—			102
Net income	193			1			194
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	164			1			165
Earnings per common share attributable to Crown Holdings:
Basic	$	1.23		$	0.01		$	1.24
Diluted	$	1.23		$	—		$	1.23



	As reported For the nine months ended
	As reported For the nine months ended		Effects of change			Balances without adoption of new standard
Statement of Operations	September 30, 2018		Effects of change			Balances without adoption of new standard
Net sales	$	8,417	$	(83	)	$	8,334
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization	6,804		(69		)	6,735
Income from operations	878		(14		)	864
Foreign exchange	14		(4		)	10
Income before taxes	646		(10		)	636
Provision for income taxes	196		(3		)	193
Net income	453		(7		)	446
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	386		(7		)	379
Earnings per common share attributable to Crown Holdings:
Basic	$	2.89	$	(0.05	)	$	2.84
Diluted	$	2.88	$	(0.05	)	$	2.83

Hedge Accounting

In August 2017, the FASB issued new guidance on hedge accounting. The new guidance allows contractually-specified price components of a commodity purchase or sale to be eligible for hedge accounting. Additionally, the new standard permits qualitative effectiveness assessments for certain hedges after the initial hedge qualification analysis. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. Upon adoption, the Company reclassified a net charge of $3 for the cumulative ineffectiveness of these contracts from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income as a cumulative-effect adjustment.

Intercompany transfers

In October 2016, the FASB issued new guidance related to intercompany transfers of assets other than inventory. Under previous guidance, income tax expense associated with intercompany profits in an intercompany sale or transfer of assets was deferred until the assets left the consolidated group. Similarly, deferred tax assets were not recognized for any increase in tax bases due to the intercompany sale or transfer. The new guidance allows for the recognition of income tax expense and deferred tax benefits on increases in tax bases when an intercompany sale or transfer occurs. Income tax effects of intercompany inventory transactions continue to be deferred until the assets leave the consolidated group. The guidance was effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on lease accounting. Under the new guidance, lease classification criteria and income statement recognition are similar to current guidance; however, all leases with a term longer than one year will be recorded on the balance sheet through a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. The Company will adopt the guidance on a modified retrospective basis on January 1, 2019. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated statement of operations or cash flows but is expected to have a material impact on its statement of financial position.

C. Acquisition of Signode

On April 3, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Signode Industrial Group Holdings (Bermuda) Ltd. (“Signode”), a leading global provider of transit packaging systems and solutions, thereby broadening and diversifying its customer base and product offerings. The Company paid a purchase price of $3.9 billion. The acquisition was undertaken by a subsidiary of Crown European Holdings S.A. See Note L for further details about the acquisition financing.

Additionally, the Company entered into forward contracts to partially mitigate its currency exchange rate risk associated with the dollar denominated cash portion of the purchase price. On March 29, 2018, the Company settled these contracts for a loss of $25.

The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to acquire Signode and the preliminary valuation of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date.



Fair value of consideration transferred
Cash consideration	$	3,912

Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Receivables, net	374
Inventories	303
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	45
Intangible assets, net	1,935
Property, plant and equipment, net	453
Other non-current assets	50
Short-term debt	(4		)
Accounts payable	(222		)
Accrued liabilities	(166		)
Long-term debt	(3		)
Postretirement and pension liabilities	(50		)
Other non-current liabilities	(351		)
Total identifiable net assets	$	2,364

Goodwill	$	1,548

The acquired property, plant and equipment will be depreciated over the estimated remaining useful lives on a straight-line basis.

The acquired intangible assets will be amortized over the estimated remaining useful lives of the intangible assets, primarily on a straight-line basis. Intangible assets acquired and the weighted average remaining useful lives were as follows:

Crown Holdings, Inc.



	Preliminary fair value		Weighted average estimated useful life (in years)
Customer relationships	1,201		12
Trade names	568		26
Technology	166		7
	$	1,935

The Company has not yet finalized the determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including income taxes and contingencies. Measurement period adjustments during the three month period ended September 30, 2018, primarily result to adjustment to Signode's deferred tax liabilities. The Company expects to finalize these amounts within one year of the acquisition date.

Signode is reported as the Company's Transit Packaging segment. The acquired goodwill was assigned to this segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Signode's results of operations have been included in the Company's financial statements for the period subsequent to the completion of the acquisition on April 3, 2018. Signode contributed sales of $585 and $1,205 and net income attributable to Crown Holdings of $27 and $30 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The following unaudited supplemental pro forma data presents consolidated information as if the acquisition had been completed on January 1, 2017. These amounts were calculated after adjusting Signode's results to reflect interest expense incurred on the debt to finance the acquisition, additional depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets had been applied from January 1, 2017 and related transaction costs. These adjustments also include an additional charge of $32 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 for the fair value adjustment related to the sale of inventory acquired. Signode's results include foreign exchange losses related to pre-acquisition intercompany debt arrangements of $15 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $14 and $38 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.



	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30		September 30
	2017		2018		2017
Pro forma net sales	$	3,033	$	9,005	$	8,196
Pro forma net income attributable to Crown Holdings	169		389		344
Earnings per common share attributable to Crown Holdings:
Basic	$	1.26	$	2.91	$	2.53
Diluted	$	1.26	$	2.91	$	2.52

The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information is based on the Company's preliminary assignment of purchase price and therefore subject to adjustment upon finalizing the purchase price assignment. The pro forma data should not be considered indicative of the results that would have occurred if the acquisition and related financing had been consummated on the assumed completion dates, nor are they indicative of future results.

D. Revenue

The majority of the Company’s revenues from metal packaging products are derived from multi-year requirements contracts with leading manufacturers and marketers of packaged consumer products for can sets, comprising a can and an end. Requirement contracts do not typically include fixed volumes but as customers issue releases, purchase orders or other similar instructions pursuant to the requirements contracts, they create fixed obligations to pay for the quantities in those instructions. The can and the end are considered separate performance obligations because they are distinct and separately identifiable. Revenues from the Company's transit packaging segment are generally derived from individual purchase orders which may include multiple goods and services which are separate performance obligations because they are distinct and separately identifiable.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised products is transferred to customers. The Company manufactures certain products that have no alternative use to the Company once they are printed or manufactured to customer specifications. If the Company has an enforceable right to payment for custom products at all times in the manufacturing process, revenue is recognized over time. In each of the Company’s geographic markets, revenue from beverage cans is primarily recognized over time using the units produced output method as beverage cans are generally printed for a specific customer in a continuous production process and, therefore, the customer obtains value as each unit is produced. The timing of revenue recognition for the Company’s other products, including beverage ends and three-piece products, which includes food cans and ends and aerosol cans and ends, may vary as these products may be printed or customized depending upon customer preferences which can vary by geographic market. Revenue that is recognized over time for the Company’s three-piece products and equipment business is generally recognized using the cost-to-cost input method as these products involve an intermediary step that results in customized work-in-process inventory. For products that follow a point in time model, revenue is generally recognized when title and risk of loss transfer.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Standalone selling prices for each performance obligation are generally stated in the contract. When the Company offers variable consideration in the form of volume rebates to customers, it estimates the most likely amount of revenue to which it is expected to be entitled and includes the estimate in the transaction price, limited to the amount which is probable will not result in reversal of cumulative revenue recognized when the variable consideration is resolved. When the Company offers customers options to purchase additional product at discounted prices, judgment is required to determine if the discounted prices represent material rights. If so, the transaction price allocated to the discount is based on its relative standalone price and is recognized upon purchase of the additional product. Customer payment terms are typically less than one year and as such, the Company has applied the practical expedient to exclude consideration of significant financing components from the determination of transaction price.

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from net sales. Shipping and handling fees and costs from product sales are reported as cost of products sold and are accrued when the Company recognizes revenue over time before the shipping and handling activities occur. Costs to obtain a contract are generally immaterial but the Company has elected the practical expedient to expense these costs as incurred if the duration of the contract is one year or less.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized revenue of $1,524 and $4,459 over time and $1,650 and $3,958 at a point in time. See Note R for further disaggregation of the Company's revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company has applied the practical expedient to exclude disclosure of remaining performance obligations as its binding orders typically have a term of one year or less.

Unbilled Receivables

Unbilled receivables are recorded for revenue recognized over time when the Company has determined that control has passed to the customer but the customer has not yet been invoiced because the Company does not have present right to payment. The Company generally has a present right to payment when title of product transfers. Unbilled receivables are reflected in receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheet with an offsetting decrease to inventory.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets are recorded for revenue recognized over time when the Company has determined that control for a performance obligation has passed to the customer, but the right to invoice the customer is contingent upon the completion of the performance obligations included in the contract. Contract assets are classified as current as they are expected to be invoiced within one year and may not exceed their net realizable value.

Contract liabilities are established if the Company must defer the recognition of a portion of consideration received because it has to satisfy a future obligation. Contract liabilities are classified as current or noncurrent based on when the Company expects to recognize revenue.

Contract assets are typically recognized for work in process related to the Company's three-piece printed products. The Company's equipment business may record contract assets or contract liabilities depending on the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations and receipt of consideration from the customer. These equipment contracts, including payment terms, are typically less than one year in duration.

Contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Net contract assets were as follows:



	September 30, 2018			January 1, 2018
Contract assets included in prepaid and other current assets	$	28		$	26
Contract liabilities included in accrued liabilities	(1		)	(1		)
Contract liabilities included in other non-current liabilities	(7		)	(7		)
Net contract asset	$	20		$	18


E.	Receivables



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Accounts receivable	$	1,584		$	894
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	(71		)	(71		)
Net trade receivables	1,513			823
Unbilled receivables	226			—
Miscellaneous receivables	229			218
Receivables, net	$	1,968		$	1,041

In July 2018, the Company terminated its $200 North American securitization facility, which included a deferred purchase price component, and entered into a new securitization facility to sell, on a revolving basis, certain trade accounts receivable balances up to a maximum of $375. The new securitization agreement removed the deferred purchase price component; however, it requires the Company to maintain a deposit in a restricted cash account. The Company received net proceeds of $106 from the termination of the securitization facility and resale of receivables under the new agreement. These proceeds are included in the beneficial interest in securitized receivables line in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

Transfers under the new securitization facility will continue to be accounted for as sales because the Company sells full title and ownership in the underlying receivables and has met the criteria for control of the receivables to be considered transferred. The new securitization facility matures in July, 2020.


F.	Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost for U.S. inventories principally determined under the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Non-U.S. inventories are principally determined under the FIFO or average cost method.



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials and supplies	$	871	$	737
Work in process	155		139
Finished goods	613		509
	$	1,639	$	1,385

G. Intangible Assets

Gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of finite-lived intangible assets by major class were as follows:



	September 30, 2018							December 31, 2017
	Gross		Accumulated amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated amortization			Net
Customer relationships	$	1,628	$	(178	)	$	1,450	$	461	$	(108	)	$	353
Trade names	550		(12		)	$	538	—		—			—
Technology	161		(12		)	149		—		—			—
Long term supply contracts	150		(36		)	114		143		(27		)	116
	$	2,489	$	(238	)	$	2,251	$	604	$	(135	)	$	469

Crown Holdings, Inc.

The table above excludes other finite-lived intangible assets with net balances of $7 at September 30, 2018 and $3 at December 31, 2017. See Note C for additional information about the intangible assets acquired with Signode.

Total amortization expense of intangible assets was $51 and $103 and $9 and $29 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.


H.	Restructuring and Other

The Company recorded restructuring and other charges / (benefits) as follows:



	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30					September 30
	2018			2017		2018			2017
Asset impairments and sales	$	(13	)	$	9	$	(6	)	$	3
Restructuring	9			4		15			8
Transaction costs	—			—		22			—
Other costs	3			3		(3		)	19
	$	(1	)	$	16	$	28		$	30

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, transaction costs relate to the Signode acquisition.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, other costs included a charge of $16 due to a litigation matter related to Mivisa that arose prior to its acquisition by the Company in 2014. The Company recorded a benefit of $6 due to favorable settlement of this matter during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, asset impairments and sales included a benefit of $5 due to the expiration of an environmental indemnification related to the sale of certain operations in the Company's European Specialty Packaging business in 2015.

At September 30, 2018, the Company had restructuring accruals of $16 primarily related to the closure of a promotional packaging facility in Europe which was announced in 2017 and prior actions to reduce manufacturing capacity and headcount in its European businesses. The Company expects to pay the majority of this liability over the next twelve months. The Company continues to review its supply and demand profile and long-term plans in its businesses, and it is possible that the Company may record additional charges in the future.


I.	Asbestos-Related Liabilities

Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. (“Crown Cork”) is one of many defendants in a substantial number of lawsuits filed throughout the U.S. by persons alleging bodily injury as a result of exposure to asbestos. These claims arose from the insulation operations of a U.S. company, the majority of whose stock Crown Cork purchased in 1963. Approximately ninety days after the stock purchase, this U.S. company sold its insulation assets and was later merged into Crown Cork.

Prior to 1998, amounts paid to asbestos claimants were covered by a fund made available to Crown Cork under a 1985 settlement with carriers insuring Crown Cork through 1976, when Crown Cork became self-insured. The fund was depleted in 1998 and the Company has no remaining coverage for asbestos-related costs.

In December 2001, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania enacted legislation that limits the asbestos-related liabilities of Pennsylvania corporations that are successors by corporate merger to companies involved with asbestos. The legislation limits the successor’s liability for asbestos to the acquired company’s asset value adjusted for inflation. Crown Cork has paid significantly more for asbestos-related claims than the acquired company’s adjusted asset value. In November 2004, the legislation was amended to address a Pennsylvania Supreme Court decision (Ieropoli v. AC&S Corporation, et. al., No. 117 EM 2002) which held that the statute violated the Pennsylvania Constitution due to retroactive application. The Company cautions that the limitations of the statute, as amended, are subject to litigation and may not be upheld.

In June 2003, the state of Texas enacted legislation that limits the asbestos-related liabilities in Texas courts of companies such as Crown Cork that allegedly incurred these liabilities because they are successors by corporate merger to companies

Crown Holdings, Inc.

that had been involved with asbestos. The Texas legislation, which applies to future claims and pending claims, caps asbestos-related liabilities at the total gross value of the predecessor’s assets adjusted for inflation. Crown Cork has paid significantly more for asbestos-related claims than the total adjusted value of its predecessor’s assets.

In October 2010, the Texas Supreme Court held that the Texas legislation was unconstitutional under the Texas Constitution when applied to asbestos-related claims pending against Crown Cork when the legislation was enacted in June 2003. The Company believes that the decision of the Texas Supreme Court is limited to retroactive application of the Texas legislation to asbestos-related cases that were pending against Crown Cork in Texas on June 11, 2003 and therefore, in its accrual, continues to assign no value to claims filed after June 11, 2003.

In recent years, the states of Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming enacted legislation that limits asbestos-related liabilities under state law of companies such as Crown Cork that allegedly incurred these liabilities because they are successors by corporate merger to companies that had been involved with asbestos. The legislation, which applies to future and, with the exception of Arkansas, Georgia, South Carolina, South Dakota, West Virginia and Wyoming, pending claims, caps asbestos-related liabilities at the fair market value of the predecessor's total gross assets adjusted for inflation. Crown Cork has paid significantly more for asbestos-related claims than the total value of its predecessor's assets adjusted for inflation. Crown Cork has integrated the legislation into its claims defense strategy.

The Company further cautions that an adverse ruling in any litigation relating to the constitutionality or applicability to Crown Cork of one or more statutes that limits the asbestos-related liability of alleged defendants like Crown Cork could have a material impact on the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company paid $7 to settle outstanding claims and had claims activity as follows:



Beginning claims	55,500
New claims	1,000
Settlements or dismissals	(1,000	)
Ending claims	55,500

In the fourth quarter of each year, the Company performs an analysis of outstanding claims and categorizes these claims by year of exposure and state filed. As of December 31, 2017, the Company's outstanding claims were:



Claimants alleging first exposure after 1964	16,500
Claimants alleging first exposure before or during 1964 filed in:
Texas	13,000
Pennsylvania	1,500
Other states that have enacted asbestos legislation	6,000
Other states	18,500
Total claims outstanding	55,500

The outstanding claims in each period exclude approximately 19,000 inactive claims. Due to the passage of time, the Company considers it unlikely that the plaintiffs in these cases will pursue further action against the Company. The exclusion of these inactive claims had no effect on the calculation of the Company’s accrual as the claims were filed in states, as described above, where the Company’s liability is limited by statute.

With respect to claimants alleging first exposure to asbestos before or during 1964, the Company does not include in its accrual any amounts for settlements in states where the Company’s liability is limited by statute except for certain pending claims in Texas as described earlier.

With respect to post-1964 claims, regardless of the existence of asbestos legislation, the Company does not include in its accrual any amounts for settlement of these claims because of increased difficulty of establishing identification of relevant insulation products as the cause of injury. Given the Company's settlement experience with post-1964 claims, it does not believe that an adverse ruling in the Texas or Pennsylvania asbestos litigation cases, or in any other state that has enacted asbestos legislation, would have a material impact on the Company with respect to such claims.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

As of December 31, the percentage of outstanding claims related to claimants alleging serious diseases (primarily mesothelioma and other malignancies) were as follows:



	2017		2016		2015
Total claims	22	%	22	%	22	%
Pre-1964 claims in states without asbestos legislation	41	%	41	%	41	%

Crown Cork has entered into arrangements with plaintiffs’ counsel in certain jurisdictions with respect to claims which are not yet filed, or asserted, against it. However, Crown Cork expects claims under these arrangements to be filed or asserted against Crown Cork in the future. The projected value of these claims is included in the Company’s estimated liability as of September 30, 2018.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company’s accrual for pending and future asbestos-related claims and related legal costs was $305, including $254 for unasserted claims. The Company determines its accrual without limitation to a specific time period.

It is reasonably possible that the actual loss could be in excess of the Company’s accrual. However, the Company is unable to estimate the reasonably possible loss in excess of its accrual due to uncertainty in the following assumptions that underlie the Company’s accrual and the possibility of losses in excess of such accrual: the amount of damages sought by the claimant (which was not specified for approximately 81% of the claims outstanding at the end of 2017), the Company and claimant’s willingness to negotiate a settlement, the terms of settlements of other defendants with asbestos-related liabilities, the bankruptcy filings of other defendants (which may result in additional claims and higher settlements for non-bankrupt defendants), the nature of pending and future claims (including the seriousness of alleged disease,

whether claimants allege first exposure to asbestos before or during 1964 and the claimant’s ability to demonstrate the alleged link to Crown Cork), the volatility of the litigation environment, the defense strategies available to the Company, the level of future claims, the rate of receipt of claims, the jurisdiction in which claims are filed, and the effect of state asbestos legislation (including the validity and applicability of the Pennsylvania legislation to non-Pennsylvania jurisdictions, where the substantial majority of the Company’s asbestos cases are filed).


J.	Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

The Company, along with others in most cases, has been identified by the EPA or a comparable state environmental agency as a Potentially Responsible Party (“PRP”) at a number of sites and has recorded aggregate accruals of $7 for its share of estimated future remediation costs at these sites. The Company has been identified as having either directly or indirectly disposed of commercial or industrial waste at the sites subject to the accrual, and where appropriate and supported by available information, generally has agreed to be responsible for a percentage of future remediation costs based on an estimated volume of materials disposed in proportion to the total materials disposed at each site. The Company has not had monetary sanctions imposed nor has the Company been notified of any potential monetary sanctions at any of the sites.

The Company has also recorded aggregate accruals of $9 for remediation activities at various worldwide locations that are owned by the Company and for which the Company is not a member of a PRP group. Although the Company believes

its accruals are adequate to cover its portion of future remediation costs, there can be no assurance that the ultimate payments will not exceed the amount of the Company’s accruals and will not have a material effect on its results of operations, financial position and cash flow. Any possible loss or range of potential loss that may be incurred in excess of the recorded accruals cannot be estimated.

In March 2015, the Bundeskartellamt, or German Federal Cartel Office (“FCO”), conducted unannounced inspections of the premises of several metal packaging manufacturers, including a German subsidiary of the Company. The local court order authorizing the inspection cited FCO suspicions of anti-competitive agreements in the German market for the supply of metal packaging products. The Company conducted an internal investigation into the matter and discovered instances of inappropriate conduct by certain employees of German subsidiaries of the Company. The Company cooperated with the FCO and submitted a leniency application with the FCO which disclosed the findings of its internal investigation to date. In April 2018, the FCO discontinued its national investigation and referred the matter to the European Commission (the “Commission”). Following the referral, Commission officials conducted unannounced inspections of the premises of several metal packaging manufacturers, including Company subsidiaries in Germany, France and the United Kingdom.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

The Commission's investigation is ongoing and, to date, the Commission has not officially charged the Company or any of its subsidiaries with violations of competition law. The Company is cooperating with the Commission and submitted a leniency application with the Commission with respect to the findings of the investigation in Germany referenced above. This application may lead to the reduction of possible future penalties. At this stage of the investigation the Company believes that a loss is probable but is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of the Commission’s investigation and is unable to estimate the loss or possible range of losses that could be incurred, and has therefore not recorded a charge in connection with the actions by the Commission. If the Commission finds that the Company or any of its subsidiaries violated competition law, fines levied by the Commission could be material to the Company's operating results and cash flows for the periods in which they are resolved or become reasonably estimable.

In March 2017, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) at the Port of Milwaukee issued a penalty notification alleging that certain of the Company’s subsidiaries intentionally misclassified the importation of certain goods into the U.S. during the period 2004-2009 and assessed a penalty of $8. The Company has acknowledged to CBP that the goods were misclassified and has paid all related duties. The Company has asserted that the misclassification was unintentional and disputes the penalty assessment. At the present time, based on the information available, the Company does not believe that a loss for the alleged intentional misclassification is probable. There can be no assurance the Company will be successful in contesting the assessed penalty.

The Company and its subsidiaries are also subject to various other lawsuits and claims with respect to governmental, labor, environmental, securities, vendor and other matters arising out of the Company’s normal course of business. While the impact on future financial results is not subject to reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists, management believes that the ultimate liabilities resulting from such lawsuits and claims will not materially affect the Company’s consolidated earnings, financial position or cash flow.

The Company has various commitments to purchase materials, supplies and utilities as part of the ordinary course of business. The Company’s basic raw materials for its products are steel and aluminum, both of which are purchased from multiple sources. The Company is subject to fluctuations in the cost of these raw materials (including in connection with tariffs recently imposed in the U.S., which may increase costs) and has periodically adjusted its selling prices to reflect these movements. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to fully recover any increases or fluctuations in raw material costs from its customers. The Company also has commitments for standby letters of credit and for purchases of capital assets.

At September 30, 2018, the Company was party to certain indemnification agreements covering environmental remediation, lease payments and other potential costs associated with properties sold or businesses divested. The Company accrues for costs related to these items when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated.


K.	Derivative and Other Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements

Under GAAP a framework exists for measuring fair value, providing a three-tier hierarchy of pricing inputs used to report assets and liabilities that are adjusted to fair value. Level 1 includes inputs such as quoted prices which are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the report date. Level 2 includes inputs other than those available in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 3 includes unobservable pricing inputs that are not corroborated by market data or other objective sources. The Company has no recurring items valued using Level 3 inputs other than certain pension plan assets.

The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company applies a market approach to value its commodity price hedge contracts. Prices from observable markets are used to develop the fair value of these financial instruments and they are reported under Level 2. The Company uses an income approach to value its foreign exchange forward contracts. These contracts are valued using a discounted cash flow model that calculates the present value of future cash flows under the terms of the contracts using market information as of the reporting date, such as foreign exchange spot and forward rates, and are reported under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Fair value disclosures for financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis are provided later in this note. In addition, see Note L for fair value disclosures related to debt.

Derivative Financial Instruments

In the normal course of business the Company is subject to risk from adverse fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. The Company manages these risks through a program that includes the use of derivative financial instruments, primarily swaps and forwards. Counterparties to these contracts are major financial institutions. The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company’s objective in managing exposure to market risk is to limit the impact on earnings and cash flow. The extent to which the Company uses such instruments is dependent upon its access to these contracts in the financial markets and its success using other methods, such as netting exposures in the same currencies to mitigate foreign exchange risk and using sales agreements that permit the pass-through of commodity price and foreign exchange rate risk to customers.

For derivative financial instruments accounted for in hedging relationships, the Company formally designates and documents, at inception, the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, the risk management objective and the manner in which effectiveness will be assessed. The Company formally assesses, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the hedging relationships are effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of the related underlying exposures. When a hedge no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, the change in fair value from the date of the last effectiveness test is recognized in earnings. Any gain or loss which has accumulated in other comprehensive income at the date of the last effectiveness test is reclassified into earnings at the same time of the underlying exposure.

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company designates certain derivative financial instruments as cash flow hedges. No components of the hedging instruments are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Changes in fair value of outstanding derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income until earnings are impacted by the hedged transaction. Classification of the gain or loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations upon reclassification from comprehensive income is the same as that of the underlying exposure. Contracts outstanding at September 30, 2018 mature between one and twenty-five months.

When the Company discontinues hedge accounting because it is no longer probable that an anticipated transaction will occur in the originally specified period, changes to the fair value accumulated in other comprehensive income are recognized immediately in earnings.

The Company uses forward contracts to hedge anticipated purchases of various commodities, including aluminum, fuel oil and natural gas, and these exposures are hedged by a central treasury unit.

The Company also designates certain foreign exchange contracts as cash flow hedges of anticipated foreign currency denominated sales or purchases. The Company manages these risks at the operating unit level. Often, foreign currency risk is hedged together with the related commodity price risk.

The following tables set forth financial information about the impact on other comprehensive income ("OCI"), accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) and earnings from changes in the fair value of derivative instruments.

Crown Holdings, Inc.



	Amount of gain/(loss)						Amount of gain/(loss)
	recognized in OCI						recognized in OCI
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
Derivatives in cash flow hedges	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017
Derivatives in cash flow hedges	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017
Foreign exchange	$	(3	)	$	(2	)	$	(5	)	$	1
Commodities	(2		)	11			(4		)	26
	$	(5	)	$	9		$	(9	)	$	27

	Amount of gain/						Amount of gain/
	(loss) reclassified from						(loss) reclassified from
	AOCI into income						AOCI into income
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
Derivatives in cash flow hedges	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017			Affected line item in the
Derivatives in cash flow hedges	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017			statement of operations
Foreign exchange	$	(6	)	$	(3	)	$	(7	)	$	(6	)	Net sales
Commodities	(1		)	—			(6		)	—			Net sales
Foreign exchange	5			2			4			5			Cost of products sold
Commodities	9			7			33			22			Cost of products sold
	7			6			24			21			Income before taxes
	(1		)	(1		)	(6		)	(6		)	Provision for income taxes
	$	6		$	5		$	18		$	15		Net Income

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized a loss of $1 (less than $1, net of tax) and a loss of $2 ($1, net of tax) in earnings related to hedge ineffectiveness caused by volatility in the metal premium component of aluminum prices. There is no ineffectiveness in the current year as the Company has designated its hedges as a hedge of the variability in cash flows for contractually specified components of its aluminum purchases.

For the twelve-month period ending September 30, 2019, a net loss of $2 ($1, net of tax) is expected to be reclassified to earnings. No amounts were reclassified during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 in connection with anticipated transactions that were no longer considered probable.

Fair Value Hedges and Contracts Not Designated as Hedges

The Company designates certain derivative financial instruments as fair value hedges of recognized foreign-denominated assets and liabilities, generally trade accounts receivable and payable and unrecognized firm commitments. The notional values and maturity dates of the derivative instruments coincide with those of the hedged items. Changes in fair value of the derivative financial instruments, excluding time value, are offset by changes in fair value of the related hedged items.

Certain derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange contracts related to intercompany debt, were not designated in hedge relationships; however, they are effective economic hedges as the changes in their fair value, except for time value, are offset by changes arising from re-measurement of the related hedged items. The Company’s primary use of these derivative instruments is to offset the earnings impact that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates have on certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the entity's functional currency.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a loss of $1 from foreign exchange contracts designated as fair value hedges. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded a gain of less than $1 and a loss of less than $1 from foreign exchange contracts designated as fair value hedges. These adjustments were reported within foreign exchange in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

The following table sets forth the impact on earnings from derivatives not designated as hedges.



	Pre-tax amount of gain/					Pre-tax amount of gain/
	(loss) recognized in income					(loss) recognized in income
	on derivative					on derivative
	Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
Derivatives not designated as hedges	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017		Affected line item in the
Derivatives not designated as hedges	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017		September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017		statement of operations
Foreign exchange	$	4		$	—	$	7		$	1	Net sales
Foreign exchange	(4		)	1		(6		)	2		Cost of products sold
Foreign exchange	(8		)	8		(17		)	26		Foreign exchange
Commodities	—			2		—			—		Cost of products sold
	$	(8	)	$	11	$	(16	)	$	29

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, certain commodity hedges did not meet the criteria for hedge accounting and therefore the changes in their fair value were recognized in earnings.

Net Investment Hedges

The Company designates certain debt and derivative instruments as net investment hedges to manage foreign currency risk relating to net investments in subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies and reduce the variability in the functional currency equivalent cash flows.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a gain of $9 ($9, net of tax) and a gain of $22 ($26, net of tax) in other comprehensive income for certain debt instruments that are designated as hedges of its net investment in a euro-based subsidiary. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded losses of $38 ($30, net of tax) and $134 ($107, net of tax) in other comprehensive income for these net investment hedges. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cumulative losses of $84 and $106 ($62 and $88, net of tax) were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income related to these net investment hedges. As of September 30, 2018 the carrying amount of the hedged net investment was approximately €1,127 ($1,308 at September 30, 2018).

In January 2018, the Company entered into a series of cross-currency swaps with an aggregate notional of $875 (€718). The swaps are designated as a hedge of net investment for financial reporting purposes. Under the cross-currency interest rate contracts, the Company will receive semi-annual fixed U.S. dollar payments at a rate of 4.75% of the U.S. notional value and pay 2.50% on the euro notional value.

Gains or losses on net investment hedges remain in accumulated other comprehensive income until disposal of the underlying assets.

The following tables set forth financial information about the impact on OCI from changes in the fair value of derivative instruments.

Amount of gain/(loss)

recognized in OCI

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

Derivatives designated as net investment hedges

September 30, 2018

September 30, 2017

September 30, 2018

September 30, 2017

Foreign exchange

)

—

Gains and losses representing components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness on derivatives designated as net investment hedges are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Fair Values of Derivative Financial Instruments and Valuation Hierarchy

The following table sets forth the Company's financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The fair values of these financial instruments were reported under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.



	Balance Sheet classification	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		Balance Sheet classification	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts cash flow	Other current assets	$	6	$	5	Accrued liabilities	$	9	$	6
	Other non-current assets	1		—		Other non-current liabilities	1		—
Foreign exchange contracts fair value	Other current assets	1		1		Accrued liabilities	1		1
Commodities contracts cash flow	Other current assets	8		25		Accrued liabilities	7		—
	Other non-current assets	2		4		Other non-current liabilities	1		—
Net investment hedge	Other non-current assets	8		—		Other non-current liabilities	—		—
		$	26	$	35		$	19	$	7
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts cash flow	Other current assets	—		$	1	Accrued liabilities	$	—	$	1
	Other non-current assets	$	1	—		Other non-current liabilities	—		—
Foreign exchange contracts fair value	Other current assets	2		5		Accrued liabilities	4		—
Commodities contracts cash flow	Other current assets	—		22		Accrued liabilities	—		15
		$	3	$	28		$	4	$	16

Total derivatives		$	29	$	63		$	23	$	23

Fair Value Hedge Carrying Amounts



	Carrying amount of the hedged
Line item in the statement of	assets/(liabilities)
financial position in which the	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
hedge item is included	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9		$	1
Receivables, net	11			15
Accrued liabilities	(9		)	(12		)

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the cumulative amounts of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of the hedge assets and liabilities were less than $1.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Offsetting of Derivative Assets and Liabilities

Certain derivative financial instruments are subject to agreements with counterparties similar to master netting arrangements and are eligible for offset. The Company has made an accounting policy election not to offset the fair values of these instruments within the statement of financial position. In the table below, the aggregate fair values of the Company's derivative assets and liabilities are presented on both a gross and net basis, where appropriate.



	Gross amounts recognized in the Balance Sheet	Gross amounts not offset in the Balance Sheet	Net amount
Balance at September 30, 2018
Derivative assets	$29	$8	$21
Derivative liabilities	23	8	15

Balance at December 31, 2017
Derivative assets	63	17	46
Derivative liabilities	23	17	6

Notional Values of Outstanding Derivative Instruments

The aggregate U.S. dollar-equivalent notional values of outstanding derivative instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Derivatives in cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange	$	490	$	864
Commodities	317		276
Derivatives in fair value hedges:
Foreign exchange	68		60
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Foreign exchange	873		575
Commodities	—		40

Crown Holdings, Inc.


L.	Debt

The Company's outstanding debt was as follows:



	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Principal			Carrying			Principal			Carrying
	outstanding			amount			outstanding			amount
Short-term debt	$	53		$	53		$	62		$	62

Long-term debt
Senior secured borrowings:
Revolving credit facilities	84			84			122			122
Term loan facilities
U.S. dollar at LIBOR + 1.75% due 2022	821			816			741			735
U.S. dollar at LIBOR + 2.00% due 2027	1,147			1,124			—			—
Euro at EURIBOR + 1.75% due 2022¹	307			307			324			324
Euro at EURIBOR + 2.375% due 2025²	868			859			—			—
Senior notes and debentures:
€650 at 4.0% due 2022	755			750			781			774
U. S. dollar at 4.50% due 2023	1,000			992			1,000			992
€335 at 2.250% due 2023	389			384
€600 at 2.625% due 2024	697			691			720			713
€600 at 3.375% due 2025	697			690			720			711
U.S. dollar at 4.25% due 2026	400			394			400			393
U.S. dollar at 4.75% due 2026	875			863
U.S. dollar at 7.375% due 2026	350			347			350			347
€500 at 2.875% due 2026	580			572
U.S. dollar at 7.50% due 2096	40			40			40			40
Other indebtedness in various currencies	74			74			101			101
Capital lease obligations	30			30			29			29
Total long-term debt	9,114			9,017			5,328			5,281
Less current maturities	(89		)	(89		)	(64		)	(64		)
Total long-term debt, less current maturities	$	9,025		$	8,928		$	5,264		$	5,217

(1) €265 and €270 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017

(2) €748 at September 30, 2018

The estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term borrowings, using a market approach incorporating Level 2 inputs such as quoted market prices for the same or similar issues, was $9,167 at September 30, 2018 and $5,562 at December 31, 2017.

In January 2018, the Company amended its revolving credit agreements, effective as of April 2018, to provide capacity of $1,650 under the revolving credit facility upon completion of the Signode acquisition, increase total leverage ratios and extend the timetable for compliance with total leverage ratios.

In January 2018, the Company issued $875 principal amount of 4.750% senior unsecured notes due 2026. The notes were issued at par by Crown Americas LLC, a subsidiary of the Company, and are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

In January 2018, the Company also issued €500 ($580 at September 30, 2018) principal amount of 2.875% senior unsecured notes due 2026 and €335 ($389 at September 30, 2018) principal amount of 2.25% senior unsecured notes due 2023. The notes were issued at par by Crown European Holdings S.A., a subsidiary of the Company, and are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries.

In April 2018, the Company borrowed $100 Term A loans and $1,150 Term B loans under its U.S. dollar term loan facility and €750 ($870 at September 30, 2018) additional Term B loans under its European term loan facility. The Term B loans mature on April 3, 2025 and interest rates are based on LIBOR or EURIBOR plus a margin of 1.00% up to 2.375%.


M.	Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

The components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
Pension benefits – U.S. plans	2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	5		$	3		$	14		$	10
Interest cost	12			13			35			38
Expected return on plan assets	(22		)	(21		)	(63		)	(62		)
Recognized net loss	16			13			40			39
Net periodic cost	$	11		$	8		$	26		$	25



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
Pension benefits – Non-U.S. plans	2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	5		$	6		$	19		$	18
Interest cost	19			19			58			57
Expected return on plan assets	(40		)	(38		)	(120		)	(109		)
Curtailment gain	—			(4		)	—			(4		)
Recognized prior service credit	(2		)	(3		)	(8		)	(9		)
Recognized net loss	11			11			33			32
Net periodic benefit	$	(7	)	$	(9	)	$	(18	)	$	(15	)



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
Other postretirement benefits	2018			2017			2018			2017
Service cost	$	—		$	1		$	—		$	1
Interest cost	1			1			3			3
Recognized prior service credit	(9		)	(11		)	(28		)	(31		)
Recognized net loss	1			1			3			3
Net periodic benefit	$	(7	)	$	(8	)	$	(22	)	$	(24	)

The components of net periodic cost / (benefit) other than the service cost component are included in other pension and postretirement in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

The following table provides information about amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income.



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
Details about accumulated other	September 30						September 30						Affected line item in the
comprehensive income components	2018			2017			2018			2017			statement of operations
Actuarial losses	$	28		$	21		$	76		$	70		Other pension and postretirement
Prior service credit	(11		)	(14		)	(36		)	(40		)	Other pension and postretirement
	17			7			40			30			Income before taxes
	(6		)	(4		)	(7		)	(10		)	Provision for income taxes
Total reclassified	$	11		$	3		$	33		$	20		Net income


N.	Income Taxes

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a charge of $24 related to taxes on the distributions of foreign earnings, which were previously asserted to be indefinitely reinvested.

The Company's accounting for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R. 1), (the "Tax Act") continues to be provisional. As of December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a gross provisional obligation of $113 for the one-time tax imposed on the unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an additional charge of $4 to adjust provisional amounts related to the transition tax. The Company expects to be able to use foreign tax credit carryforwards to satisfy this obligation. The Company has not completed its assessment of the impact of the Tax Act on state taxable income and any related state tax loss carryforwards but does not expect the Tax Act to have a material impact on related valuation allowances. The Company continues to review the technical interpretations of the Tax Act and other applicable laws, monitor legislative changes, review U.S. state guidance as issued and obtain the information necessary to complete the calculation of the obligation and will complete its analysis during the fourth quarter of 2018.


O.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table provides information about the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income.



	Defined benefit plans			Foreign currency translation			Gains and losses on cash flow hedges			Total
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	(1,524	)	$	(1,879	)	$	3		$	(3,400	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	20			223			27			270
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	20						(15		)	5
Other comprehensive income	40			223			12			275
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	(1,484	)	$	(1,656	)	$	15		$	(3,125	)

Balance at January 1, 2018	$	(1,583	)	$	(1,681	)	$	23		$	(3,241	)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle							3			3
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	(4		)	(71		)	(9		)	(84		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	33						(18		)	15
Other comprehensive income (loss)	29			(71		)	(24		)	(66		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(1,554	)	$	(1,752	)	$	(1	)	$	(3,307	)

See Note K and Note M for further details of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income related to cash flow hedges and defined benefit plans.

Crown Holdings, Inc.


P.	Stock-Based Compensation

A summary of restricted stock transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is as follows:



	Number of shares
Non-vested stock awards outstanding at January 1, 2018	1,053,842
Awarded:
Time-vesting shares	1,515,700
Performance-based shares	150,069
Released:
Time-vesting shares	(353,555	)
Performance-based shares	—
Forfeitures:
Time-vesting shares	(35,625	)
Performance-based shares	(159,738	)
Non-vested stock awards outstanding at September 30, 2018	2,170,693

The performance-based share awards are subject to either a market condition or a performance condition. For awards subject to a market condition, the performance metric is the Company's total shareholder return, which includes share price appreciation and dividends paid during the three-year term of the award, measured against a peer group of companies. These awards cliff vest at the end of three years. The number of performance-based shares that will ultimately vest is based on the level of market performance achieved, ranging between 0% and 200% of the shares originally awarded, and are settled in stock.

For awards subject to a performance condition, the performance metric is the Company's average return on invested capital over the three-year term. These awards cliff vest at the end of three years. The number of performance-based shares that will ultimately vest is based on the level of performance achieved, ranging between 0% and 200% of the shares originally awarded, and are settled in stock.

The time-vesting restricted and deferred stock awards vest ratably over three to five years.

The weighted average grant-date fair values of awards issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $44.48 for the time-vesting stock awards and $57.24 for the performance-based stock awards.

The fair value of the performance-based shares subject to a market condition awarded in 2018 was calculated using a Monte Carlo valuation model, including a weighted average stock price volatility of 19.9%, an expected term of three years, and a weighted average risk-free interest rate of 2.01%.

As of September 30, 2018, unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding non-vested stock awards was $81. The weighted average period over which the expense is expected to be recognized is 3.6 years. The aggregate market value of the shares released on the vesting dates was $16 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Crown Holdings, Inc.


Q.	Earnings Per Share

The following table summarizes the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	164	$	177	$	386	$	412
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	133.7		134.0		133.6		135.9
Dilutive stock options and restricted stock	0.1		0.4		0.2		0.5
Diluted	133.8		134.4		133.8		136.4
Basic earnings per share	$	1.23	$	1.32	$	2.89	$	3.03
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.23	$	1.32	$	2.88	$	3.02

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, 0.4 million and 0.9 million contingently issuable common shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, there were no contingently issuable common shares excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive.


R.	Segment Information

The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on segment income, which is not a defined term under GAAP. Previously, the Company defined segment income as income from operations adjusted to exclude provisions for asbestos and restructuring and other, the impact of fair value adjustments related to the sale of inventory acquired in an acquisition and the timing impact of hedge ineffectiveness. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company revised its definition of segment income to also exclude intangibles amortization charges. Prior period segment income amounts below have been recast to conform to current year presentation of intangible amortization charges and the new guidance related to the presentation of pension and other postretirement benefit costs discussed in Note B.

Segment income should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income data prepared in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to calculations of similarly titled measures by other companies.

The tables below present information about the Company's operating segments.



	External Sales				External Sales
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Americas Beverage	$	872	$	763	$	2,478	$	2,166
European Beverage	418		428		1,194		1,133
European Food	623		639		1,565		1,477
Asia Pacific	321		300		990		865
Transit Packaging	585		—		1,205		—
Total reportable segments	2,819		2,130		7,432		5,641
Non-reportable segments	355		338		985		889
Total	$	3,174	$	2,468	$	8,417	$	6,530

The primary sources of revenue included in non-reportable segments are the Company's aerosol can businesses in North America and Europe, its food can business in North America, its promotional packaging business in Europe and its tooling and equipment operations in the U.S. and U.K.

Crown Holdings, Inc.



	Intersegment Sales				Intersegment Sales
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Americas Beverage	$	14	$	9	$	48	$	32
European Beverage	—		—		1		1
European Food	15		17		58		52
Transit Packaging	2		—		3		—
Total reportable segments	31		26		110		85
Non-reportable segments	43		20		115		83
Total	$	74	$	46	$	225	$	168

Intersegment sales primarily include sales of ends and components used to manufacture cans, such as printed and coated metal, as well as parts and equipment used in the manufacturing process.



	Segment Income				Segment Income
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Americas Beverage	$	125	$	129	$	336	$	342
European Beverage	66		77		180		198
European Food	90		100		231		222
Asia Pacific	46		40		137		124
Transit Packaging	81		—		175		—
Total reportable segments	$	408	$	346	$	1,059	$	886

A reconciliation of segment income of reportable segments to income before income taxes is as follows:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Segment income of reportable segments	$	408		$	346		$	1,059		$	886
Segment income of non-reportable segments	40			39			102			101
Corporate and unallocated items	(33		)	(33		)	(112		)	(114		)
Restructuring and other	1			(16		)	(28		)	(30		)
Amortization of intangibles	(51		)	(9		)	(103		)	(29		)
Fair value adjustment to inventory	—			—			(40		)	—
Other pension and postretirement	13			19			47			43
Loss from early extinguishments of debt	—			—			—			(7		)
Impact of hedge ineffectiveness	—			1			—			(2		)
Interest expense	(105		)	(64		)	(282		)	(187		)
Interest income	6			4			17			10
Foreign exchange	14			—			(14		)	(4		)
Income before income taxes	$	293		$	287		$	646		$	667

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, intercompany profits of $3 and $7 were eliminated within segment income of non-reportable segments.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, intercompany profits of $1 and $5 were eliminated within segment income of non-reportable segments.

Corporate and unallocated items includes corporate and division administrative costs, technology costs, fair value adjustments for the sale of inventory acquired in an acquisition and the timing impact of hedge ineffectiveness.

Crown Holdings, Inc.


S.	Condensed Combining Financial Information

Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. (Issuer), a 100% owned subsidiary of the Company, has $350 principal amount of 7.375% senior notes due 2026 and $40 principal amount of 7.5% senior notes due 2096 outstanding that are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Crown Holdings, Inc. (Parent). No other subsidiary guarantees the debt and the guarantees are made on a joint and several basis.

As discussed in Note C, the Company completed its acquisition of Signode on April 3, 2018. Signode is not a guarantor of the debt described above and is included in the Non-Guarantors column of the following financial statements.

The following condensed combining financial statements:

•statements of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017,

•balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and

•statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

are presented on the following pages to comply with the Company’s requirements under Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the three months ended September 30, 2018

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net sales						$	3,174					$	3,174
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization						2,530						2,530
Depreciation and amortization						127						127
Selling and administrative expense			$	2		151						153
Restructuring and other						(1		)				(1		)
Income from operations	—		(2		)	367						365
Other pension and postretirement						(13		)				(13		)
Net interest expense			18			81						99
Foreign exchange						(14		)				(14		)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	—		(20		)	313						293
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes			(1		)	103						102
Equity earnings / (loss) in affiliates	$	164	147			2			$	(311	)	2
Net income	164		128			212			(311		)	193
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests						(29		)				(29		)
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	164	$	128		$	183		$	(311	)	$	164

Total comprehensive income	$	151	$	62		$	198		$	(232	)	$	179
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests						(28		)				(28		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	151	$	62		$	170		$	(232	)	$	151

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the three months ended September 30, 2017

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net sales						$	2,468					$	2,468
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization						1,972						1,972
Depreciation and amortization						63						63
Selling and administrative expense			$	1		88						89
Restructuring and other						16						16
Income from operations			(1		)	329						328
Other pension and postretirement						(19		)				(19		)
Net interest expense			23			37						60
Income/(loss) before income taxes			(24		)	311						287
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes			(15		)	94						79
Equity earnings / (loss) in affiliates	$	177	155						$	(332	)	—
Net income	177		146			217			(332		)	208
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests						(31		)				(31		)
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	177	$	146		$	186		$	(332	)	$	177

Total comprehensive income	$	220	$	184		$	261		$	(413	)	$	252
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests						(32		)				(32		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	220	$	184		$	229		$	(413	)	$	220

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018

(in millions)



	Parent			Issuer			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net sales							$	8,417					$	8,417
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization							6,804						6,804
Depreciation and amortization							305						305
Selling and administrative expense				$	7		395						402
Restructuring and other	$	9					19						28
Income from operations	(9		)	(7		)	894						878
Other pension of postretirement							(47		)				(47		)
Net interest expense				56			209						265
Foreign exchange							14						14
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(9		)	(63		)	718						646
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	(2		)	(10		)	208						196
Equity earnings / (loss) in affiliates	393			373			3			$	(766	)	3
Net income	386			320			513			(766		)	453
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests							(67		)				(67		)
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	386		$	320		$	446		$	(766	)	$	386

Total comprehensive income	$	317		$	224		$	441		$	(601	)	$	381
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests							(64		)				(64		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	317		$	224		$	377		$	(601	)	$	317

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net sales						$	6,530					$	6,530
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization						5,235						5,235
Depreciation and amortization						183						183
Selling and administrative expense			$	5		265						270
Restructuring and other			(1		)	31						30
Income from operations			(4		)	816						812
Other pension and postretirement						(43		)				(43		)
Loss from early extinguishment of debt						7						7
Net interest expense			69			108						177
Foreign exchange						4						4
Income/(loss) before income taxes			(73		)	740						667
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes			(33		)	211						178
Equity earnings / (loss) in affiliates	$	412	384						$	(796	)	—
Net income	412		344			529			(796		)	489
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests						(77		)				(77		)
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	412	$	344		$	452		$	(796	)	$	412

Total comprehensive Income	$	687	$	429		$	807		$	(1,156	)	$	767
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests						(80		)				(80		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	687	$	429		$	727		$	(1,156	)	$	687

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING BALANCE SHEET

As of September 30, 2018

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer		Non- Guarantors		Eliminations			Total Company
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents					$	298				$	298
Receivables, net			$	9	1,959					1,968
Inventories					1,639					1,639
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1	1		191					193
Total current assets	1		10		4,087					4,098

Intercompany debt receivables					3,573		$	(3,573	)	—
Investments	3,471		3,729				(7,200		)	—
Goodwill					4,495					4,495
Intangible assets, net					2,258					2,258
Property, plant and equipment, net					3,722					3,722
Other non-current assets			178		584					762
Total	$	3,472	$	3,917	$	18,719	$	(10,773	)	$	15,335

Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Short-term debt					$	53				$	53
Current maturities of long-term debt					89					89
Accounts payable					2,507					2,507
Accrued liabilities	$	16	$	39	897					952
Total current liabilities	16		39		3,546					3,601

Long-term debt, excluding current maturities			387		8,541					8,928
Long-term intercompany debt	2,515		1,058				$	(3,573	)	—
Postretirement and pension liabilities					616					616
Other non-current liabilities			331		549					880
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Noncontrolling interests					369					369
Crown Holdings shareholders’ equity/(deficit)	941		2,102		5,098		(7,200		)	941
Total equity/(deficit)	941		2,102		5,467		(7,200		)	1,310
Total	$	3,472	$	3,917	$	18,719	$	(10,773	)	$	15,335

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING BALANCE SHEET

As of December 31, 2017

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer		Non- Guarantors		Eliminations			Total Company
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents					$	424				$	424
Receivables, net			$	9	1,032					1,041
Inventories					1,385					1,385
Prepaid expenses and other current assets					224					224
Total current assets	—		9		3,065					3,074

Intercompany debt receivables					3,604		$	(3,604	)	—
Investments	$	3,120	$	3,448			(6,568		)	—
Goodwill					3,046					3,046
Intangible assets, net					472					472
Property, plant and equipment, net					3,239					3,239
Other non-current assets			283		549					832
Total	$	3,120	$	3,740	$	13,975	$	(10,172	)	$	10,663

Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Short-term debt					$	62				$	62
Current maturities of long-term debt					64					64
Accounts payable					2,367					2,367
Accrued liabilities	$	22	$	41	694					757
Total current liabilities	22		41		3,187					3,250

Long-term debt, excluding current maturities			387		4,830					5,217
Long-term intercompany debt	2,497		1,107				$	(3,604	)	—
Postretirement and pension liabilities					588					588
Other non-current liabilities			336		349					685
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Noncontrolling interests					322					322
Crown Holdings shareholders’ equity/(deficit)	601		1,869		4,699		(6,568		)	601
Total equity/(deficit)	601		1,869		5,021		(6,568		)	923
Total	$	3,120	$	3,740	$	13,975	$	(10,172	)	$	10,663

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018

(in millions)



	Parent			Issuer			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities	$	(15	)	$	(67	)	$	(145	)	$	(5	)	$	(232	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures							(305		)				(305		)
Beneficial interests in transferred receivables							490						490
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired							(3,912		)				(3,912		)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment							27						27
Foreign exchange derivatives related to acquisitions							(25		)				(25		)
Net investment hedge							10						10
Other							(4		)				(4		)
Net cash provided by/(used for) investing activities	—						(3,719		)	—			(3,719		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from long-term debt							4,082						4,082
Payments of long-term debt							(56		)				(56		)
Net change in revolving credit facility and short-term debt							(27		)				(27		)
Net change in long-term intercompany balances	18			67			(85		)				—
Debt issue costs							(70		)				(70		)
Common stock issued	1												1
Common stock repurchased	(4		)										(4		)
Dividends paid							(5		)	5			—
Dividend paid to noncontrolling interests							(18		)				(18		)
Foreign exchange derivatives related to debt							(6		)				(6		)
Net cash provided by/(used for) financing activities	15			67			3,815			5			3,902
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash							(32		)				(32		)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	—			—			(81		)	—			(81		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at January 1							435						435
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at September 30	$	—		$	—		$	354		$	—		$	354

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017

(in millions)



	Parent			Issuer			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities	$	(4	)	$	(23	)	$	(207	)	$	(36	)	$	(270	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures							(282		)				(282		)
Beneficial interests in transferred receivables							758						758
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment							8						8
Intercompany investing activities	235									(235		)	—
Other							(20		)				(20		)
Net cash provided by/(used for) investing activities	235						464			(235		)	464
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from long-term debt							1,054						1,054
Payments of long-term debt							(1,100		)				(1,100		)
Net change in revolving credit facility and short-term debt							22						22
Net change in long-term intercompany balances	100			23			(123		)				—
Debt issue costs							(15		)				(15		)
Common stock issued	8												8
Common stock repurchased	(339		)										(339		)
Dividends paid							(271		)	271			—
Dividend paid to noncontrolling interests							(68		)				(68		)
Foreign exchange derivatives related to debt							38						38
Net cash provided by/(used for) financing activities	(231		)	23			(463		)	271			(400		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash							16						16
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	—			—			(190		)	—			(190		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at January 1							576						576
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at September 30	$	—		$	—		$	386		$	—		$	386

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Crown Americas, LLC, Crown Americas Capital Corp. IV, Crown Americas Capital Corp. V and Crown Americas Capital Corp. VI (collectively, the Issuer), 100% owned subsidiaries of the Company, have outstanding $1,000 principal amount of 4.5% senior notes due 2023, $400 principal amount of 4.25% senior notes due 2026, and $875 principal amount of 4.75% senior notes due 2026, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Crown Holdings, Inc. (Parent) and substantially all of its subsidiaries in the United States. The guarantors are 100% owned by the Company and the guarantees are made on a joint and several basis.

As discussed in Note C, the Company completed its acquisition of Signode on April 3, 2018. Signode's operating subsidiaries in the United States are guarantors of the debt described above and are included in the Guarantors column of the following financial statements.

The following condensed combining financial statements:


•	statements of comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017,


•	balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and


•	statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

are presented on the following pages to comply with the Company’s requirements under Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the three months ended September 30, 2018

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer				Guarantors				Non- Guarantors			Eliminations				Total Company
Net sales							$	973			$	2,335		(134		)		$	3,174
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization							826				1,838			(134		)		2,530
Depreciation and amortization							38				89							127
Selling and administrative expense			$	3			60				90							153
Restructuring and other						10				(11		)					(1		)
Income from operations	—		(3		)		39				329							365
Other pension and postretirement							(6		)		(7		)					(13		)
Net interest expense			24				33				42							99
Technology royalty							(14		)		14							—
Foreign exchange			3				1				(15		)	$	(3	)		(14		)
Income/(loss) before income taxes	—		(30		)		25				295			3				293
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes			(7		)		13				96							102
Equity earnings / (loss) in affiliates	164		52				109				1			(324		)		2
Net income	164		29				121				200			(321		)		193
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests											(29		)					(29		)
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	164	$	29			$	121			$	171		$	(321	)		$	164

Total comprehensive income	$	151	$	22			$	55			$	196		$	(245	)		$	179
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests											(28		)					(28		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	151	$	22			$	55			$	168		$	(245	)		$	151

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the three months ended September 30, 2017

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer			Guarantors			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net sales						$	614		$	1,962		(108		)	$	2,468
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization						522			1,558			(108		)	1,972
Depreciation and amortization						10			53						63
Selling and administrative expense			$	3		31			55						89
Restructuring and other									16						16
Income from operations			(3		)	51			280						328
Other pension and postretirement						(13		)	(6		)				(19		)
Loss from early extinguishment of debt															—
Net interest expense			16			25			19						60
Technology royalty						(15		)	15						—
Foreign exchange			23									$	(23	)	—
Income/(loss) before income taxes			(42		)	54			252			23			287
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes			(16		)	18			69			8			79
Equity earnings / (loss) in affiliates	$	177	67			110						(354		)	—
Net income	177		41			146			183			(339		)	208
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests									(31		)				(31		)
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	177	$	41		$	146		$	152		$	(339	)	$	177

Total comprehensive income	$	220	$	37		$	184		$	245		$	(434	)	$	252
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests									(32		)				(32		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	220	$	37		$	184		$	213		$	(434	)	$	220

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018

(in millions)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantors			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net sales							$	2,550		$	6,251		(384		)	8,417
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization							2,180			5,008			(384		)	6,804
Depreciation and amortization							81			224						305
Selling and administrative expense				$	8		156			238						402
Restructuring and other	$	9		3			15			1						28
Income from operations	(9		)	(11		)	118			780						878
Other pension and postretirement							(17		)	(30		)				(47		)
Net interest expense				69			87			109						265
Technology royalty							(37		)	37						—
Foreign exchange				10						15			$	(11	)	14
Income/(loss) before income taxes	(9		)	(90		)	85			649			11			646
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	(2		)	(21		)	30			187			2			196
Equity earnings / (loss) in affiliates	393			154			258			1			(803		)	3
Net income	386			85			313			463			(794		)	453
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests										(67		)				(67		)
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	386			85			313			396			(794		)	386

Total comprehensive Income	$	317		$	84		$	217		$	401		$	(638	)	$	381
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests										(64		)				(64		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	317		$	84		$	217		$	337		$	(638	)	$	317

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer			Guarantors			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net sales						$	1,745		$	5,090		(305		)	$	6,530
Cost of products sold, excluding depreciation and amortization						1,497			4,043			(305		)	5,235
Depreciation and amortization						30			153						183
Selling and administrative expense			$	8		99			163						270
Restructuring and other						2			28						30
Income from operations			(8		)	117			703						812
Other pension and postretirement						(33		)	(10		)				(43		)
Loss from early extinguishment of debt			6						1						7
Net interest expense			49			69			59						177
Technology royalty						(33		)	33						—
Foreign exchange			78			(1		)	5			$	(78	)	4
Income/(loss) before income taxes			(141		)	115			615			78			667
Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes			(54		)	38			167			27			178
Equity earnings / (loss) in affiliates	$	412	167			267						(846		)	—
Net income	412		80			344			448			(795		)	489
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests									(77		)				(77		)
Net income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	412	$	80		$	344		$	371		$	(795	)	$	412

Total comprehensive income	$	687	$	83		$	429		$	787		$	(1,219	)	$	767
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests									(80		)				(80		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Crown Holdings	$	687	$	83		$	429		$	707		$	(1,219	)	$	687

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING BALANCE SHEET

As of September 30, 2018

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer		Guarantors		Non- Guarantors		Eliminations			Total Company
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents			$	24	$	4	$	270				$	298
Receivables, net			4		206		1,758					1,968
Intercompany receivables					47		23		$	(70	)	—
Inventories					446		1,193					1,639
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1	1		16		175					193
Total current assets	1		29		719		3,419		(70		)	4,098

Intercompany debt receivables			2,703		3,812		153		(6,668		)	—
Investments	3,471		2,726		1,177				(7,374		)	—
Goodwill					1,182		3,313					4,495
Intangible assets, net					917		1,341					2,258
Property, plant and equipment, net			1		695		3,026					3,722
Other non-current assets			23		209		530					762
Total	$	3,472	$	5,482	$	8,711	$	11,782	$	(14,112	)	$	15,335

Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Short-term debt							$	53				$	53
Current maturities of long-term debt			$	32	$	14	43					89
Accounts payable					681		1,826					2,507
Accrued liabilities	$	16	30		162		744					952
Intercompany payables					23		47		$	(70	)	—
Total current liabilities	16		62		880		2,713		(70		)	3,601

Long-term debt, excluding current maturities			3,048		1,534		4,346					8,928
Long-term intercompany debt	2,515		795		2,856		502		(6,668		)	—
Postretirement and pension liabilities					350		266					616
Other non-current liabilities					339		541					880
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Noncontrolling interests							369					369
Crown Holdings shareholders’ equity/(deficit)	941		1,577		2,752		3,045		(7,374		)	941
Total equity/(deficit)	941		1,577		2,752		3,414		(7,374		)	1,310
Total	$	3,472	$	5,482	$	8,711	$	11,782	$	(14,112	)	$	15,335

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING BALANCE SHEET

As of December 31, 2017

(in millions)



	Parent		Issuer		Guarantors		Non- Guarantors		Eliminations			Total Company
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents			$	36	$	3	$	385				$	424
Receivables, net					29		1,012					1,041
Intercompany receivables					32		13		$	(45	)	—
Inventories					347		1,038					1,385
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			2		17		205					224
Total current assets	—		38		428		2,653		(45		)	3,074

Intercompany debt receivables			2,523		3,325		732		(6,580		)	—
Investments	$	3,120	2,479		1,032				(6,631		)	—
Goodwill					453		2,593					3,046
Intangible assets, net					13		459					472
Property, plant and equipment, net			1		515		2,723					3,239
Other non-current assets			11		311		510					832
Total	$	3,120	$	5,052	$	6,077	$	9,670	$	(13,256	)	$	10,663

Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities
Short-term debt							$	62				$	62
Current maturities of long-term debt			$	23	$	3	38					64
Accounts payable					547		1,820					2,367
Accrued liabilities	$	22	31		72		632					757
Intercompany payables					13		32		$	(45	)	—
Total current liabilities	22		54		635		2,584		(45		)	3,250

Long-term debt, excluding current maturities			2,094		408		2,715					5,217
Long-term intercompany debt	2,497		1,411		2,454		218		(6,580		)	—
Postretirement and pension liabilities					373		215					588
Other non-current liabilities					338		347					685
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Noncontrolling interests							322					322
Crown Holdings shareholders’ equity/(deficit)	601		1,493		1,869		3,269		(6,631		)	601
Total equity/(deficit)	601		1,493		1,869		3,591		(6,631		)	923
Total	$	3,120	$	5,052	$	6,077	$	9,670	$	(13,256	)	$	10,663

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018

(in millions)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantors			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities	$	(15	)	$	(81	)	$	91		$	(216	)	$	(11	)	$	(232	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures							(39		)	(266		)				(305		)
Beneficial interests in transferred receivables										490						490
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired										(3,912		)				(3,912		)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment							9			18						27
Intercompany investing activities				(100		)							100			—
Foreign exchange derivatives related to acquisition										(25		)				(25		)
Net investment hedge				10												10
Other										(4		)				(4		)
Net cash provided by/(used for) investing activities	—			(90		)	(30		)	(3,699		)	100			(3,719		)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from long-term debt				975			1,150			1,957						4,082
Payments of long-term debt				(20		)	(5		)	(31		)				(56		)
Net change in revolving credit facility and short-term debt				40						(67		)				(27		)
Net change in long-term intercompany balances	18			(796		)	(1,205		)	1,983						—
Debt issue costs				(40		)				(30		)				(70		)
Common stock issued	1															1
Common stock repurchased	(4		)													(4		)
Capital contribution										100			(100		)	—
Dividends paid										(11		)	11			—
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests										(18		)				(18		)
Foreign exchange derivatives related to debt										(6		)				(6		)
Net cash provided by/(used for) financing activities	15			159			(60		)	3,877			(89		)	3,902
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash										(32		)				(32		)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	—			(12		)	1			(70		)	—			(81		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at January 1				36			3			396						435
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at September 30	$	—		$	24		$	4		$	326		$	—		$	354

Crown Holdings, Inc.

CONDENSED COMBINING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017

(in millions)



	Parent			Issuer			Guarantors			Non- Guarantors			Eliminations			Total Company
Net cash provided by/(used for) operating activities	$	(4	)	$	(46	)	$	90		$	(233	)	$	(77	)	$	(270	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures							(91		)	(191		)				(282		)
Beneficial interests in transferred receivables										758						758
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment							1			7						8
Intercompany investing activities	235												(235		)	—
Other							(20		)	—						(20		)
Net cash provided by/(used for) investing activities	235			—			(110		)	574			(235		)	464
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from long-term debt				750			9			295						1,054
Payments of long-term debt				(1,010		)	(2		)	(88		)				(1,100		)
Net change in revolving credit facility and short-term debt				25						(3		)				22
Net change in long-term intercompany balances	100			259			13			(372		)				—
Debt issue costs				(14		)				(1		)				(15		)
Common stock issued	8															8
Common stock repurchased	(339		)													(339		)
Dividends paid										(312		)	312			—
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests										(68		)				(68		)
Foreign exchange derivatives related to debt										38						38
Net cash provided by/(used for) financing activities	(231		)	10			20			(511		)	312			(400		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash										16						16
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	—			(36		)	—			(154		)	—			(190		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at January 1				83						493						576
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at September 30	$	—		$	47		$	—		$	339		$	—		$	386

Crown Holdings, Inc.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(dollars in millions)

Introduction

The following discussion presents management's analysis of the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017 and changes in financial condition and liquidity from December 31, 2017. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, along with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in and referred to within this report.

Business Strategy and Trends

The Company's strategy is to grow its businesses in targeted international growth markets, while improving operations and results in more mature markets through disciplined pricing, cost control and careful capital allocation.

In April 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Signode Industrial Group, a leading global provider of transit packaging systems and solutions, for consideration of $3.9 billion. With the acquisition, the Company added a portfolio of premier transit and protective packaging franchises to its existing metal packaging businesses, thereby broadening and diversifying its customer base and product offerings and significantly increasing cash flow.

The Company's global beverage can business continues to be the major strategic focus for organic growth. For several years, global industry demand for beverage cans has been growing and this is expected to continue in the coming years. Emerging markets such as Southeast Asia and Mexico have experienced higher growth rates due to rising per capita incomes and accompanying increases in beverage consumption. While the economies in Europe and North America are more mature, there are still growth opportunities propelled by beverages such as energy drinks, teas, juices, sparkling waters and craft beers, and an increased preference for cans over certain other forms of beverage packaging. Global food and aerosol can sales unit volumes have been stable to declining in recent years primarily due to lower consumer spending.

While the opportunity for organic volume growth in the Company's mature markets is not comparable to that in targeted international growth markets, the Company continues to generate strong returns on invested capital and significant cash flow from these businesses. The Company continues to review its supply and demand profile and long-term plans in its businesses, and it is possible that the Company may record additional charges in the future.

Aluminum and steel prices can be subject to significant volatility and there has not been a consistent and predictable trend in pricing. As part of the Company's efforts to manage cost, it attempts to pass-through increases in the cost of aluminum and steel to its customers. The Company's ability to pass-through aluminum premium costs to its customers varies by market. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to recover from its customers the impact of any such increased costs.

Through 2020, the Company's primary capital allocation focus will be to reduce leverage while still investing in its business, as was successfully accomplished following the Mivisa and Empaque acquisitions.

Results of Operations

In assessing performance, the key performance measure used by the Company is segment income, a non-GAAP measure. Previously, the Company defined segment income as income from operations adjusted to exclude provisions for asbestos and restructuring and other, the impact of fair value adjustments related to the sale of inventory acquired in an acquisition and the timing impact of hedge ineffectiveness. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company revised its definition of segment income to also exclude intangibles amortization charges. Prior period segment income amounts below have been recast to conform to the current year presentation of intangible amortization charges and the new guidance related to the presentation of pension and other postretirement benefit costs discussed in Note B.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (Continued)

The foreign currency translation impacts referred to below were primarily due to changes in the euro and pound sterling in the Company's European businesses, the Canadian dollar and Mexican peso in the Company's Americas segments and the Chinese renminbi and Thai baht in the Company's Asia Pacific segment. The Company calculates the impact of foreign currency translation by multiplying or dividing, as appropriate, current year U.S. dollar results by the current year average foreign exchange rates and then multiplying or dividing, as appropriate, those amounts by the applicable prior year average foreign exchange rates.

Net Sales and Segment Income



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net sales	$	3,174	$	2,468	$	8,417	$	6,530

Three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales increased primarily due to the impact of the Signode acquisition, 3% higher beverage can sales unit volumes and the pass-through of higher material costs.

Nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales increased primarily due to the impact of the Signode acquisition, 4% higher beverage can sales unit volumes, including $83 from the impact of new accounting guidance adopted as of January 1, 2018, which accelerated the timing of revenue recognition on certain products, the pass-through of higher material costs and $187 from the impact of foreign currency translation.

The new accounting guidance is not expected to materially impact the amount of revenue recognized for the full year but is expected to impact amounts recognized on a quarterly basis.

Americas Beverage

The Americas Beverage segment manufactures aluminum beverage cans and ends, steel crowns, glass bottles and aluminum closures and supplies a variety of customers from its operations in the U.S., Brazil, Canada, Colombia and Mexico. The U.S. and Canadian beverage can markets are mature markets which have experienced stable volumes in recent years. In Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, the Company's sales unit volumes have increased in recent years primarily due to market growth driven by increased per capita incomes and consumption, combined with an increased preference for cans over certain other forms of beverage packaging.

In the first half of 2017, the Company began commercial shipments from its new beverage can plant in Nichols, New York. In addition to enhancing the Company's presence in specialty beverage can sizes, the plant provides an attractive cost platform from which to serve customers in the northeastern region of the U.S. and eastern region of Canada. In June 2017, the Company completed a capacity expansion project in Colombia. In January 2018, the Company commenced operations in a new glass bottle facility in Chihuahua, Mexico, to serve the expanding beer market in the northern part of the country. Additionally, in January 2018, the Company closed a U.S. beverage can facility in an effort to reduce costs by consolidating manufacturing processes.

Net sales and segment income in the Americas Beverage segment are as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net sales	$	872	$	763	$	2,478	$	2,166
Segment income	125		129		336		342

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (Continued)

Three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales increased primarily due to the pass-through of higher aluminum costs and 7% and 6% higher sales unit volumes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Segment income decreased primarily due to higher freight costs in North America partially offset by higher sales unit volumes. The Company anticipates that elevated freight costs will continue for the remainder of the year.

European Beverage

The Company's European Beverage segment manufactures steel and aluminum beverage cans and ends and supplies a variety of customers from its operations throughout Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. In recent years, the Western European beverage can markets have been growing, whereas sales unit volumes in the Middle East beverage can markets have been declining.

The Company completed the conversion of its plant in Custines, France, from steel to aluminum with the start-up of the second high-speed line in April 2017. The first line of a new beverage can plant in Valencia, Spain began operations in October 2018, with the second line to begin in December 2018. The new plant will facilitate the conversion from steel to aluminum beverage cans in that region.

Net sales and segment income in the European Beverage segment are as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net sales	$	418	$	428	$	1,194	$	1,133
Segment income	66		77		180		198

Three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales decreased primarily due to 4% lower sales unit volumes, partially offset by the impact of the pass-through of higher material costs. Lower sales unit volumes were primarily the result of lower sales in the Middle East and the impact of new accounting guidance which accelerated the timing of a portion of revenue into the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Segment income decreased primarily due to lower sales unit volumes in the Middle East.

Nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales increased primarily due to $45 from the impact of foreign currency translation, the impact of new accounting guidance referenced above, and the pass-through of higher material costs, partially offset by lower sales unit volumes in the Middle East.

Segment income decreased primarily due to lower sales unit volumes in the Middle East partially offset by improved cost performance and the impact of new accounting guidance.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (Continued)

European Food

The European Food segment manufactures steel and aluminum food cans, ends and metal vacuum closures, and supplies a variety of customers from its operations throughout Europe and Africa. The European food can market is a mature market which has experienced stable to slightly declining volumes in recent years.

Net sales and segment income in the European Food segment are as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net sales	$	623	$	639	$	1,565	$	1,477
Segment income	90		100		231		222

Three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales decreased primarily due to 7% lower sales unit volumes, partially offset by the pass-through of higher tinplate costs and $6 from the impact of foreign currency translation. Lower sales unit volumes were primarily the result of lower demand due to challenging weather conditions which resulted in poor harvest yields.

Segment income decreased due to lower sales unit volumes, partially offset by improved cost performance.

Nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales increased primarily due to $98 from the impact of foreign currency translation and the pass-through of higher tinplate costs, partially offset by lower sales unit volumes. Lower sales unit volumes were primarily the result of lower demand referenced above, partially offset by the impact of new accounting guidance.

Segment income increased due to improved cost performance and $15 from the impact of foreign currency translation, partially offset by the impact of lower sales unit volumes.

Asia Pacific

The Company's Asia Pacific segment primarily consists of beverage can operations in Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam and also includes the Company's non-beverage can operations, primarily food cans and specialty packaging in China, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. In recent years, the beverage can market in Asia has been growing. The Company's new beverage can facility in Jakarta, Indonesia, and a second line at its beverage can plant in Danang, Vietnam, began operations in June and October 2017. In addition, production began at a new beverage can plant in Yangon, Myanmar in July 2018. A third beverage can line at the Phnom Penh, Cambodia plant is scheduled to start production in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company also closured its Beijing beverage can facility in 2017 in an effort to reduce costs by consolidating manufacturing processes in China. The Company continues to review its supply and demand profile and long-term plans in China, and it is possible that the Company may record additional charges in the future.

Net sales and segment income in the Asia Pacific segment are as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net sales	$	321	$	300	$	990	$	865
Segment income	46		40		137		124

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (Continued)

Three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales increased primarily due to 7% higher sales unit volumes resulting from higher volumes in Southeast Asia being partially offset by the impact of lower volumes in China, including the impact of the closure of the Beijing facility in fourth quarter of 2017.

Segment income increased primarily due to the impact of higher sales unit volumes.

Nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales increased due to 9% higher sales unit volumes, $25 from the impact of foreign currency translation and the pass-through of higher material costs. Higher sales unit volumes resulted from higher volumes in Southeast Asia and the impact of the new accounting guidance, partially offset by lower volumes in China, including the impact of the closure of the Beijing facility in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Segment income increased primarily due to higher sales unit volumes and improved cost performance, primarily related to the closure of the Beijing beverage can facility.

Transit Packaging

On April 3, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Signode, which is reported as the Company's Transit Packaging segment. The integration of Signode is progressing as planned. Transit Packaging contributed net sales of $585 and $1,205 and segment income of $81 and $175 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Non-reportable Segments

The Company's non-reportable segments include its food can and closures and aerosol can businesses in North America, aerosol can and promotional packaging businesses in Europe, and tooling and equipment operations in the U.S. and U.K. In recent years, the Company's food can and closures, aerosol can and promotional packaging businesses have experienced slightly declining volumes.

Net sales and segment income in non-reportable segments are as follows:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30				September 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net sales	$	355	$	338	$	985	$	889
Segment income	40		39		102		101

Three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales increased primarily due to the pass-through of higher material costs and sales unit volumes in the Company's equipment operations, partially offset by lower sales unit volumes in the Company's global aerosol businesses.

Segment income was comparable as the impact of higher sales unit volumes in the Company's equipment operations was partially offset by higher freight costs in the Company's North America food can business.

Nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017

Net sales increased primarily due to higher material costs and higher sales unit volumes. Higher sales unit volumes resulted from higher sales unit volumes in the North America food can business and the Company's equipment operations, including the impact of new accounting guidance, partially offset by lower sales unit volumes in the Company's aerosol businesses.

Segment income was comparable as the impact of higher sales unit volumes was partially offset by higher freight costs.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (Continued)

Corporate and Unallocated Expense



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Corporate and unallocated expense	$	(33	)	$	(33	)	$	(112	)	$	(114	)

Corporate and unallocated expenses were comparable for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Cost of Products Sold (Excluding Depreciation and Amortization)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017, cost of products sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) increased from $1,972 to $2,530 and from $5,235 to $6,804 primarily due to the impact of the acquisition of Signode, higher raw material costs, higher North America freight costs and $7 and $155 from the impact of foreign

currency translation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 cost of products sold (excluding depreciation and amortization) also included a charge of $40 for the fair value adjustment related to the sale of inventory acquired with Signode.

Depreciation and Amortization

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017, depreciation and amortization expense increased from $63 to $127 and from $183 to $305 primarily due to depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangible assets recorded in connection with the Company's acquisition of Signode.

Selling and Administrative Expense

Selling and administrative expense increased from $89 to $153 and from $270 to $402 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to the impact of the acquisition of Signode.

Interest Expense

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017, interest expense increased from $64 to $105 and $187 to $282 due to higher outstanding debt from borrowings incurred to finance the Signode acquisition.

Taxes on Income

The Company's effective income tax rate was as follows:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Income before income taxes	$	293		$	287		$	646		$	667
Provision for income taxes	102			79			196			178
Effective income tax rate	35		%	28		%	30		%	27		%

The Company's effective rate was higher for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017 due to a tax charge of $4 to adjust provisional amounts related to the Tax Act and $24 related to taxes on the distributions of foreign earnings, which were previously asserted to be indefinitely reinvested. This change in assertion will increase the annual provision for income taxes by approximately $8 in future periods.

For additional information regarding income taxes, including discussion of the impact of the Tax Act, see Note N to the consolidated financial statements.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (Continued)

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests decreased from $31 to $29 and from $77 to $67 primarily due to lower earnings in the Company's beverage can operations in the Middle East and Brazil.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash from Operations

Cash used for operating activities decreased from $270 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to $232 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Days sales outstanding for trade receivables, excluding the impact of unbilled receivables recognized under the new revenue guidance, increased from 32 days at September 30, 2017 to 43 days at September 30, 2018, primarily due higher sales unit volumes in certain geographic locations and the impact of the Signode acquisition.

Inventory turnover, excluding the impact of the derecognition of inventory under the new revenue guidance, was 68 days at September 30, 2017 compared to 63 days at September 30, 2018 primarily due to the impact of the Signode acquisition. Inventory turnover at September 30, 2018 decreased compared to 67 days at December 31, 2017 due to the impact of the new revenue guidance partially offset by the impact of the Signode acquisition and seasonality in the Company's food and beverage can businesses. The food can business is seasonal with the first quarter tending to be the slowest period as the autumn packaging period in the Northern Hemisphere has ended and new crops are not yet planted. The industry enters its busiest period in the third quarter when the majority of fruits and vegetables in the Northern Hemisphere are harvested. Due to this seasonality, inventory levels increase in the first half of the year to meet peak demand in the second and third quarters. The beverage can business is also seasonal with inventory levels generally increasing in the first half of the year to meet peak demand in the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere.

Days outstanding for trade payables was 108 days at September 30, 2017 compared to 97 days at September 30, 2018, primarily due to the impact of the Signode acquisition.

Investing Activities

Investing activities provided cash of $464 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and used cash of $3,719 for the nine months ended 2018. In 2018, the Company paid $3,912 to acquire Signode and $25 for the settlement of a foreign exchange contract related to the acquisition. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company also had lower cash collections on beneficial interest in transferred receivables as compared to 2017. The Company currently expects capital expenditures for 2018 to be approximately $460.

Financing Activities

Financing activities used cash of $400 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and provided cash of $3,902 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. In 2018, financing activities primarily included borrowings to finance the Signode acquisition and a cash outflow related to the settlement of foreign exchange derivatives related to debt. In 2017, financing activities included borrowings under the Company's revolving credit facilities which were partially used to repurchase shares of the Company's common stock and an inflow related to foreign exchange derivatives related to debt. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company also paid lower dividends to noncontrolling interests as compared to 2017.

Liquidity

As of September 30, 2018, $248 of the Company's $298 of cash and cash equivalents was located outside the U.S. The Company funds its cash needs in the U.S. through cash flows from operations in the U.S., distributions from certain foreign subsidiaries, borrowings under its revolving credit facility and the acceleration of cash receipts under its receivable securitization facilities. Of the cash and cash equivalents located outside the U.S., $161 was held by subsidiaries for which earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested. While based on current operating plans the Company does not

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (Continued)

foresee a need to repatriate these funds, the Company is still evaluating the impact of the Tax Act. If such earnings were repatriated, the Company may be required to record incremental foreign taxes on the repatriated funds.

Effective April 2018, the Company amended its revolving credit agreements to provide capacity of $1,650 under the revolving credit facility upon completion of the Signode acquisition, increase total leverage ratios and extend the timetable for compliance with total leverage ratios.

In July 2018, the Company terminated its $200 North American securitization facility which matured in December 2018 and entered into a new $375 North American securitization facility which matures in July 2020. For additional information see Note E.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $1,517 of borrowing capacity available under its revolving credit facility, equal to the total facility of $1,650 less borrowings of $84 and $49 of outstanding standby letters of credit. The Company could have borrowed this amount at September 30, 2018 and still been in compliance with its leverage ratio covenants.

Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had approximately $134 of capital commitments primarily related to its Americas and European Beverage segment. The Company expects to fund these commitments primarily through cash flows generated from operations.

Contractual Obligations

During the nine months of 2018, there were no material changes to the Company's contractual obligations provided within Part II, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which information is incorporated herein by reference, except for the January and April 2018 debt issuances related to the Signode acquisition which are described in Note L to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Information regarding the Company's commitments and contingent liabilities appears in Part I within Item 1 of this report under Note J, entitled “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities,” to the consolidated financial statements, and in Part II within Item 1A of this report which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Critical Accounting Policies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. which require that management make numerous estimates and assumptions.

Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, impacting the reported results of operations and financial condition of the Company. Part II, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note A to the consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form

10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 describe the significant accounting estimates and policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Updates to the Company's accounting policies related to new accounting pronouncements are included in Note B to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The discussion below supplements the discussion from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 with respect to goodwill.

Goodwill Impairment

As of October 1, 2017, the estimated fair value of the North America Food reporting unit was 63% higher than its carrying value. This reporting unit operates in a low-growth environment with multiple competitors, which could result in lower selling prices. In addition, shifts in consumer demand could result in lower volumes. While the Company believes current

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis (Continued)

Adjusted EBITDA projections are reasonable, the reporting unit's ability to maintain or grow Adjusted EBITDA could be negatively impacted by the above factors. If Adjusted EBITDA of the North America Food reporting unit declined by 38%, the fair value of this reporting unit would approximate carrying value. To the extent future operating results were to decline, causing the estimated fair value to fall below the carrying value, it is possible that an impairment charge of up to $116 for the North America Food reporting unit could be recorded.

Forward Looking Statements

Statements included herein in “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” including, but not limited to, in the discussions of asbestos in Note I and commitments and contingencies in Note J to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and also in Part I, Item 1, “Business” and Item 3, “Legal Proceedings” and in Part II, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” within the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which are not historical facts (including any statements concerning plans and objectives of management for capacity additions, share repurchases, dividends, future operations or economic performance, or assumptions related thereto), are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. In addition, the Company and its representatives may, from time to time, make oral or written statements which are also “forward-looking statements.”

These forward-looking statements are made based upon management's expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting the Company and, therefore, involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Management cautions that forward-

looking statements are not guarantees and that actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements.

While the Company periodically reassesses material trends and uncertainties affecting the Company's results of operations and financial condition in connection with the preparation of “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and certain other sections contained in the Company's quarterly, annual or other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Company does not intend to review or revise any particular forward-looking statement in light of future events.

A discussion of important factors that could cause the actual results of operations or financial condition of the Company to differ from expectations has been set forth in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 within Part II, Item 7: “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”

under the caption “Forward Looking Statements” and is incorporated herein by reference. Some of the factors are also discussed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in prior Company filings with the SEC. In addition, other factors have been or may be discussed from time to time in the Company's SEC filings.


Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

In the normal course of business the Company is subject to risk from adverse fluctuations in foreign exchange and interest rates and commodity prices. The Company manages these risks through a program that includes the use of derivative financial instruments, primarily swaps and forwards. Counterparties to these contracts are major financial institutions. The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties. These instruments are not used for trading or speculative purposes. The extent to which the Company uses such instruments is dependent upon its access to these contracts in the financial markets and its success in using other methods, such as netting exposures in the same currencies to mitigate foreign exchange risk and using sales arrangements that permit the pass-through of commodity prices and foreign exchange rate risks to customers. The Company's objective in managing its exposure to market risk is to limit the impact on earnings and cash flow. For further discussion of the Company's use of derivative instruments and their fair values at September 30, 2018, see Note K to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $3.3 billion principal floating interest rate debt. A change of 0.25% in these floating interest rates would change annual interest expense by approximately $8 million before tax.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation and as of the end of the quarter for which this report is made, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective. Disclosure controls and procedures ensure that information to be disclosed in reports that the Company files and submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and terms of the SEC, and ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There has been no change in internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting, except as noted below.

On April 3, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Signode. See Note C to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. In connection with the integration of Signode, management is in the process of analyzing and evaluating the internal controls over financial reporting. This process may result in additions or changes to the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

The scope of management's assessment of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for the year ending December 31, 2018 will exclude the operations of Signode.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For information regarding the Company's potential asbestos-related liabilities and other litigation, see Note I entitled “Asbestos-Related Liabilities” and Note J entitled “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities” to the consolidated financial statements within Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The information set forth in this report should be read in conjunction with the risk factors discussed in Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and Item 1A to Part II in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018. The risks described in the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no purchases of the Company's equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

In December 2016, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an aggregate amount of $1 billion of the Company's common stock through the end of 2019. Share repurchases under the Company's programs may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, and at times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors including price, corporate and regulatory requirements and other market conditions. As of September 30, 2018, $669 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock may be repurchased under the program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

There were no events required to be reported under Item 3 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

Item 6. Exhibits




31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by Timothy J. Donahue, President and Chief Executive Officer of Crown Holdings, Inc. and Thomas A. Kelly, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Crown Holdings, Inc.

101	The following financial information from the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, (v) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Crown Holdings, Inc.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.




		Crown Holdings, Inc. Registrant

By:		/s/ David A. Beaver
		David A. Beaver
		Vice President and Corporate Controller
		(Chief Accounting Officer)

Date: October 29, 2018