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CSX CORP - Annual Report: 2018 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K

(X) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018
OR
( ) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission File Number 1-8022
csxlogoa12.jpg
CSX CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia
 
 
 
62-1051971
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
 
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
 
 
500 Water Street, 15th Floor, Jacksonville, FL
 
32202
 
(904) 359-3200
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(Telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 Par Value
 
Nasdaq Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes (X) No (  )
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes (  ) No (X)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes (X)   No (  )
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).        
Yes (X) No (  )
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  (X)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
Large Accelerated Filer (X)        Accelerated Filer (  )        Non-accelerated Filer (  ) Smaller reporting company ( )
Emerging growth company ( )

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ( )
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
Yes (  ) No (X)
On June 30, 2018 (which is the last day of the second quarter and the required date to use), the aggregate market value of the Registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $46 billion (based on the close price as reported on the NASDAQ National Market System on such date).

There were 815,630,366 shares of Common Stock outstanding on January 31, 2019 (the latest practicable date that is closest to the filing date).

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year with respect to its 2019 annual meeting of shareholders.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 1

CSX CORPORATION
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
Item No.
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
PART I
1.
 
 
2.
3.
4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II
5.
6.
7.
 
 
 
·  Terms Used by CSX
 
 
 
·  2018 Highlights
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
·  Critical Accounting Estimates
 
 
 
·  Forward-Looking Statements
7A.
8.
9.
9A.
9B.
 
PART III
10.
Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance
11.
12.
13.
14.
 
PART IV
15.
 
 
 
 
 

 

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 2

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Item 1.  Business

CSX Corporation (“CSX”), and together with its subsidiaries (the “Company”), based in Jacksonville, Florida, is one of the nation's leading transportation companies. The Company provides rail-based freight transportation services including traditional rail service, the transport of intermodal containers and trailers, as well as other transportation services such as rail-to-truck transfers and bulk commodity operations. CSX and the rail industry provide customers with access to an expansive and interconnected transportation network that plays a key role in North American commerce and is critical to the long-term economic success and improved global competitiveness of the United States. In addition, freight railroads provide the most economical and environmentally efficient means to transport goods over land.

CSX Transportation, Inc.
CSX’s principal operating subsidiary, CSX Transportation, Inc. (“CSXT”), provides an important link to the transportation supply chain through its approximately 20,500 route mile rail network, which serves major population centers in 23 states east of the Mississippi River, the District of Columbia and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It has access to over 70 ocean, river and lake port terminals along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, the Mississippi River, the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. This access allows the Company to meet the dynamic transportation needs of manufacturers, industrial producers, the automotive industry, construction companies, farmers and feed mills, wholesalers and retailers, and energy producers. The Company’s intermodal business links customers to railroads via trucks and terminals. CSXT also serves thousands of production and distribution facilities through track connections with other Class I railroads and approximately 230 short-line and regional railroads.

CSXT is also responsible for the Company's real estate sales, leasing, acquisition and management and development activities after a merger with CSX Real Property, Inc., a former wholly-owned CSX subsidiary, on July 1, 2017. In addition, as substantially all real estate sales, leasing, acquisition and management and development activities are focused on supporting railroad operations, all results of these activities are included in operating income beginning in 2017. Previously, the results of these activities were classified as operating or non-operating based on the nature of the activity and were not material for any prior periods presented.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 3

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Lines of Business
During 2018, the Company's services generated $12.3 billion of revenue and served three primary lines of business: merchandise, coal and intermodal.
•
The merchandise business shipped 2.7 million carloads (41 percent of volume) and generated 61 percent of revenue in 2018. The Company’s merchandise business is comprised of shipments in the following diverse markets: chemicals, automotive, agricultural and food products, minerals, fertilizers, forest products, and metals and equipment.
•
The coal business shipped 887 thousand carloads (14 percent of volume) and generated 18 percent of revenue in 2018. The Company transports domestic coal, coke and iron ore to electricity-generating power plants, steel manufacturers and industrial plants as well as export coal to deep-water port facilities. Roughly one-third of export coal and the majority of the domestic coal that the Company transports is used for generating electricity.
•
The intermodal business shipped 2.9 million units (45 percent of volume) and generated 16 percent of revenue in 2018. The intermodal business combines the superior economics of rail transportation with the short-haul flexibility of trucks and offers a cost advantage over long-haul trucking. Through a network of more than 30 terminals, the intermodal business serves all major markets east of the Mississippi River and transports mainly manufactured consumer goods in containers, providing customers with truck-like service for longer shipments.
Other revenue accounted for 5 percent of the Company’s total revenue in 2018. This category includes revenue from regional subsidiary railroads, demurrage, revenue for customer volume commitments not met, switching, other incidental charges and adjustments to revenue reserves. Revenue from regional railroads includes shipments by railroads that the Company does not directly operate. Demurrage represents charges assessed when freight cars or other equipment are held beyond a specified period of time. Switching revenue is primarily generated when CSXT switches cars for a customer or another railroad.

Other Entities
In addition to CSXT, the Company’s subsidiaries include CSX Intermodal Terminals, Inc. (“CSX Intermodal Terminals”), Total Distribution Services, Inc. (“TDSI”), Transflo Terminal Services, Inc. (“Transflo”), CSX Technology, Inc. (“CSX Technology”) and other subsidiaries. CSX Intermodal Terminals owns and operates a system of intermodal terminals, predominantly in the eastern United States and also performs drayage services (the pickup and delivery of intermodal shipments) for certain customers and trucking dispatch operations. TDSI serves the automotive industry with distribution centers and storage locations. Transflo connects non-rail served customers to the many benefits of rail by transferring products from rail to trucks. The biggest Transflo markets are chemicals and agriculture, which includes shipments of plastics and ethanol. CSX Technology and other subsidiaries provide support services for the Company.

Employees
The Company's number of employees was approximately 22,500 as of December 2018, which includes approximately 18,500 union employees. Most of the Company’s employees provide or support transportation services.  

Scheduled Railroading
In 2018, the Company continued transforming its operating model to scheduled railroading, which is focused on developing and strictly maintaining a scheduled service plan with an emphasis on optimizing assets. When the operating model is executed effectively, customer service is improved, costs are reduced and free cash flow is generated, allowing financial growth. The Company's leadership team includes James M. Foote, Chief Executive Officer, as well as several other leaders with extensive scheduled railroading experience.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 4

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Financial Information
See Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for operating revenue, operating income and total assets for each of the last three fiscal years.

Company History
A leader in freight rail transportation for more than 190 years, the Company’s heritage dates back to the early nineteenth century when The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company (“B&O”) – the nation’s first common carrier – was chartered in 1827. Since that time, the Company has built on this foundation to create a railroad that could safely and reliably service the ever-increasing demands of a growing nation.
 
Since its founding, numerous railroads have combined with the former B&O through merger and consolidation to create what has become CSX. Each of the railroads that combined into the CSX family brought new geographical reach to valuable markets, gateways, cities, ports and transportation corridors.
    
CSX was incorporated in 1978 under Virginia law. In 1980, the Company completed the merger of the Chessie System and Seaboard Coast Line Industries into CSX. The merger allowed the Company to connect northern population centers and Appalachian coal fields to growing southeastern markets. Later, the Company’s acquisition of key portions of Conrail, Inc. ("Conrail") allowed CSXT to link the northeast, including New England and the New York metropolitan area, with Chicago and midwestern markets as well as the growing areas in the Southeast already served by CSXT. This current rail network allows the Company to directly serve every major market in the eastern United States with safe, dependable, environmentally responsible and fuel efficient freight transportation and intermodal service.
 
Competition
The business environment in which the Company operates is highly competitive. Shippers typically select transportation providers that offer the most compelling combination of service and price. Service requirements, both in terms of transit time and reliability, vary by shipper and commodity. As a result, the Company’s primary competition varies by commodity, geographic location and mode of available transportation and includes other railroads, motor carriers that operate similar routes across its service area and, to a less significant extent, barges, ships and pipelines.
 
CSXT’s primary rail competitor is Norfolk Southern Railway, which operates throughout much of the Company’s territory.  Other railroads also operate in parts of the Company’s territory. Depending on the specific market, competing railroads and deregulated motor carriers may exert pressure on price and service levels. For further discussion on the risk of competition to the Company, see Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Regulatory Environment
The Company's operations are subject to various federal, state, provincial (Canada) and local laws and regulations generally applicable to businesses operating in the United States and Canada. In the U.S., the railroad operations conducted by the Company's subsidiaries, including CSXT, are subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board (“STB”), the Federal Railroad Administration (“FRA”), and its sister agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation ("DOT"), the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”). Together, FRA and PHMSA have broad jurisdiction over railroad operating standards and practices, including track, freight cars, locomotives and hazardous materials requirements. In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) has regulatory authority with respect to matters that impact the Company's properties and operations. 

The Transportation Security Administration (“TSA”), a component of the Department of Homeland Security, has broad authority over railroad operating practices that may have homeland security implications. In Canada, the railroad operations conducted by the Company’s subsidiaries, including CSXT, are subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the Canadian Transportation Agency.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 5

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Although the Staggers Act of 1980 significantly deregulated the U.S. rail industry, the STB has broad jurisdiction over rail carriers. The STB regulates routes, fuel surcharges, conditions of service, rates for non-exempt traffic, acquisitions of control over rail common carriers and the transfer, extension or abandonment of rail lines, among other railroad activities.

Positive Train Control
In 2008, Congress enacted the Rail Safety Improvement Act (the “RSIA”).  The legislation included a mandate that all Class I freight railroads implement an interoperable positive train control system (“PTC”) by December 31, 2015. Implementation of a PTC system is designed to prevent train-to-train collisions, over-speed derailments, incursions into established work-zone limits, and train diversions onto another set of tracks. On October 29, 2015, the President of the United States signed the Positive Train Control Enforcement and Implementation Act of 2015 into law extending the deadline. In accordance with this Act, the Company completed installation of all PTC hardware by December 31, 2018. As the Company has met all criteria required by the Act and been approved for an extension by the FRA, the PTC system is now required to be fully operational by December 31, 2020. CSX remains on track to meet this regulatory requirement.

PTC must be installed on all main lines with passenger and commuter operations as well as most of those over which toxic-by-inhalation hazardous materials are transported. The Company expects to continue incurring capital costs in connection with the implementation of PTC as well as related ongoing operating expenses. CSX currently estimates that the total multi-year cost of PTC implementation will be approximately $2.4 billion for the Company. Total PTC investment through 2018 was $2.2 billion.
 
STB Proceedings
New rules regarding, among other things, competitive access or revenue adequacy could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and liquidity as well as its ability to invest in enhancing and maintaining vital infrastructure. For further discussion on regulatory risks to the Company, see Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Other Information
CSX makes available on its website www.csx.com, free of charge, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information on the CSX website is not part of this annual report on Form 10-K. Additionally, the Company has posted its code of ethics on its website, which is also available to any shareholder who requests it. This Form 10-K and other SEC filings made by CSX are also accessible through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
 
CSX has included the certifications of its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“the Act”) as Exhibit 31, as well as Section 906 of the Act as Exhibit 32 to this Form 10-K report.
  
The information set forth in Item 6. Selected Financial Data is incorporated herein by reference. For additional information concerning business conducted by the Company during 2018, see Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 6

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Item 1A.  Risk Factors

The risks set forth in the following risk factors could have a materially adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the Company's forward-looking statements. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that the Company currently does not deem to be material also may materially impact the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
 
New legislation or regulatory changes could impact the Company's earnings or restrict its ability to independently negotiate prices.
Legislation passed by Congress, new regulations issued by federal agencies or executive orders issued by the President of the United States could significantly affect the revenues, costs and profitability of the Company's business. In addition, statutes imposing price constraints or affecting rail-to-rail competition could adversely affect the Company's profitability.
 
Government regulation and compliance risks may adversely affect the Company's operations and financial results.
The Company is subject to the jurisdiction of various regulatory agencies, including the STB, FRA, PHMSA, TSA, EPA and other state, provincial and federal regulatory agencies for a variety of economic, health, safety, labor, environmental, tax, legal and other matters. New or modified rules or regulations by these agencies could increase the Company's operating costs or reduce operating efficiencies and impact service performance.  For example, the RSIA, as amended, mandated that the installation of PTC hardware be completed by December 31, 2018 and requires that the PTC system be fully operational by December 31, 2020 on main lines that carry certain hazardous materials and on lines that have commuter or passenger operations. Although CSX remains on track to meet this regulatory requirement, noncompliance with these and other applicable laws or regulations could erode public confidence in the Company and can subject the Company to fines, penalties and other legal or regulatory sanctions.

CSXT, as a common carrier by rail, is required by law to transport hazardous materials, which could expose the Company to significant costs and claims.
A train accident involving the transport of hazardous materials could result in significant claims arising from personal injury, property or natural resource damage, environmental penalties and remediation obligations.  Such claims, if insured, could exceed existing insurance coverage or insurance may not continue to be available at commercially reasonable rates. Under federal regulations, CSXT is required to transport hazardous materials under the legal duty referred to as the common carrier mandate.

CSXT is also required to comply with regulations regarding the handling of hazardous materials. In November 2008, the TSA issued final rules placing significant new security and safety requirements on passenger and freight railroad carriers, rail transit systems and facilities that ship hazardous materials by rail.  Noncompliance with these rules can subject the Company to significant penalties and could be a factor in litigation arising out of a train accident. Finally, legislation preventing the transport of hazardous materials through certain cities could result in network congestion and increase the length of haul for hazardous substances, which could increase operating costs, reduce operating efficiency or increase the risk of an accident involving the transport of hazardous materials.

Network constraints could have a negative impact on service and operating efficiency.
CSXT could experience rail network difficulties related to: (i) increased volume; (ii) locomotive or crew shortages; (iii) extreme weather conditions; (iv) impacts from changes in yard capacity, or network structure or composition, including train routes; (v) increased passenger activities; or (vi) regulatory changes impacting where and how fast CSXT can transport freight or maintain routes, which could have a negative effect on CSXT's operational fluidity, leading to deterioration of service, asset utilization and overall efficiency.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 7

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Global economic conditions could negatively affect demand for commodities and other freight.
A decline or disruption in general domestic and global economic conditions that affects demand for the commodities and products the Company transports, including import and export volume, could reduce revenues or have other adverse effects on the Company's cost structure and profitability. For example, if the rate of economic growth in Asia slows, European economies contract, or if the global supply of seaborne coal or price of seaborne coal changes from its current levels, U.S. export coal volume could be adversely impacted resulting in lower revenue for CSX. Additionally, changes to trade agreements or policies could result in reduced import and export volumes due to increased tariffs and lower consumer demand. If the Company experiences significant declines in demand for its transportation services with respect to one or more commodities and products, the Company may experience reduced revenue and increased operating costs, workforce adjustments, and other related activities, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
 
Changing dynamics in the U.S. and global energy markets could negatively impact profitability.
Increases in production and source locations of natural gas in the U.S. have resulted in lower natural gas prices in CSX’s service territory. As a result of sustained low natural gas prices, many coal-fired power plants have been displaced by natural gas-fired power generation facilities. If natural gas prices were to remain low, additional coal-fired plants could be displaced, which would likely further reduce the Company's domestic coal volumes and revenues. Additionally, crude oil prices combined with increased pipeline activity have resulted in volatility in domestic crude oil production, which has affected crude oil volumes for CSX.

The Company relies on the security, stability and availability of its technology systems to operate its business.
The Company relies on information technology in all aspects of its business. The performance and reliability of the Company's technology systems are critical to its ability to operate and compete safely and effectively. A cybersecurity attack, which is a deliberate theft of data or impairment of information technology systems, or other significant disruption or failure, could result in a service interruption, train accident, misappropriation of confidential information, process failure, security breach or other operational difficulties. Such an event could result in decreased revenues and increased capital, insurance or operating costs, including increased security costs to protect the Company's infrastructure. Insurance maintained by the Company to protect against loss of business and other related consequences resulting from cyber incidents may not be sufficient to cover all damages. A disruption or compromise of the Company's information technology systems, even for short periods of time, could have a material adverse effect.

Climate change and other emissions-related laws and regulations could adversely affect the Company's operations and financial results.
Climate change and other emissions-related laws and regulations have been proposed and, in some cases adopted, on the federal, state, provincial and local levels. These final and proposed laws and regulations take the form of restrictions, caps, taxes or other controls on emissions. In particular, the EPA has issued various regulations and may issue additional regulations targeting emissions, including rules and standards governing emissions from certain stationary sources and from vehicles.

Any of these pending or proposed laws or regulations could adversely affect the Company's operations and financial results by, among other things: (i) reducing coal-fired electricity generation due to mandated emission standards; (ii) reducing the consumption of coal as a viable energy resource in the United States and Canada; (iii) increasing the Company's fuel, capital and other operating costs and negatively affecting operating and fuel efficiencies; and (iv) making it difficult for the Company's customers in the U.S. and Canada to produce products in a cost competitive manner. Any of these factors could reduce the amount of shipments the Company handles and have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
 

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 8

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



The Company is subject to environmental laws and regulations that may result in significant costs.
The Company is subject to wide-ranging federal, state, provincial and local environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other things, emissions into the air, ground and water; the handling, storage, use, generation, transportation and disposal of waste and other materials; the clean-up of hazardous material and petroleum releases and the health and safety of our employees. If the Company violates or fails to comply with these laws and regulations, CSX could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. The Company can also be held liable for consequences arising out of human exposure to any hazardous substances for which CSX is responsible. In certain circumstances, environmental liability can extend to formerly owned or operated properties, leased properties, adjacent properties and properties owned by third parties or Company predecessors, as well as to properties currently owned, leased or used by the Company.

The Company has been, and may in the future be, subject to allegations or findings to the effect that it has violated, or is strictly liable under, environmental laws or regulations, and such violations can result in the Company's incurring fines, penalties or costs relating to the clean-up of environmental contamination. Although the Company believes it has appropriately recorded current and long-term liabilities for known and reasonably estimable future environmental costs, it could incur significant costs that exceed reserves or require unanticipated cash expenditures as a result of any of the foregoing. The Company also may be required to incur significant expenses to investigate and remediate known, unknown or future environmental contamination.

Disruption of the supply chain could negatively affect operating efficiency and increase costs.
The capital intensive nature and sophistication of core rail equipment (including rolling stock equipment, locomotives, rail, and ties) limits the number of railroad equipment suppliers. If any of the current manufacturers stops production or experiences a supply shortage, CSXT could experience a significant cost increase or material shortage. In addition, a few critical railroad suppliers are foreign and, as such, adverse developments in international relations, new trade regulations, disruptions in international shipping or increases in global demand could make procurement of these supplies more difficult or increase CSXT's operating costs. Additionally, if a fuel supply shortage were to arise, the Company would be negatively impacted.

The Company faces competition from other transportation providers.
The Company experiences competition in pricing, service, reliability and other factors from various transportation providers including railroads and motor carriers that operate similar routes across its service area and, to a less significant extent, barges, ships and pipelines. Other transportation providers generally use public rights-of-way that are built and maintained by governmental entities, while CSXT and other railroads must build and maintain rail networks largely using internal resources. Any future improvements or expenditures materially increasing the quality or reducing the cost of alternative modes of transportation such as through the use of automation, autonomy or electrification, or legislation providing for less stringent size or weight restrictions on trucks, could negatively impact the Company's competitive position. Additionally, any future consolidation in the rail industry could materially affect the regulatory and competitive environment in which the Company operates.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 9

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Future acts of terrorism, war or regulatory changes to combat the risk of terrorism may cause significant disruptions in the Company's operations.
Terrorist attacks, along with any government response to those attacks, may adversely affect the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. CSXT's rail lines, other key infrastructure and information technology systems may be targets or indirect casualties of acts of terror or war. This risk could cause significant business interruption and result in increased costs and liabilities and decreased revenues. In addition, premiums charged for some or all of the insurance coverage currently maintained by the Company could increase dramatically, or the coverage may no longer be available.
 
Furthermore, in response to the heightened risk of terrorism, federal, state and local governmental bodies are proposing and, in some cases, have adopted legislation and regulations relating to security issues that impact the transportation industry. For example, the Department of Homeland Security adopted regulations that require freight railroads to implement additional security protocols when transporting hazardous materials. Complying with these or future regulations could continue to increase the Company's operating costs and reduce operating efficiencies.

Severe weather or other natural occurrences could result in significant business interruptions and expenditures in excess of available insurance coverage.
The Company's operations may be affected by external factors such as severe weather and other natural occurrences, including floods, fires, hurricanes and earthquakes.  As a result, the Company's rail network may be damaged, its workforce may be unavailable, fuel costs may rise and significant business interruptions could occur.  In addition, the performance of locomotives and railcars could be adversely affected by extreme weather conditions. Insurance maintained by the Company to protect against loss of business and other related consequences resulting from these natural occurrences is subject to coverage limitations, depending on the nature of the risk insured. This insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of the Company's damages or damages to others, and this insurance may not continue to be available at commercially reasonable rates. Even with insurance, if any natural occurrence leads to a catastrophic interruption of service, the Company may not be able to restore service without a significant interruption in operations.

The Company may be subject to various claims and lawsuits that could result in significant expenditures.
As part of its railroad and other operations, the Company is subject to various claims and lawsuits related to disputes over commercial practices, labor and unemployment matters, occupational and personal injury claims, property damage, environmental and other matters. The Company may experience material judgments or incur significant costs to defend existing and future lawsuits. Although the Company maintains insurance to cover some of these types of claims and establishes reserves when appropriate, final amounts determined to be due on any outstanding matters may exceed the Company's insurance coverage or differ materially from the recorded reserves. Additionally, the Company could be impacted by adverse developments not currently reflected in the Company's reserve estimates.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 10

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Failure to complete negotiations on collective bargaining agreements could result in strikes and/or work stoppages.
Most of CSX's employees are represented by labor unions and are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Approximately 70 percent of these agreements are bargained for nationally by the National Carriers Conference Committee and negotiated over the course of several years and previously have not resulted in any extended work stoppages. Under the Railway Labor Act's procedures (which include mediation, cooling-off periods and the possibility of an intervention by the President of the United States), during negotiations neither party may take action until the procedures are exhausted. If, however, CSX is unable to negotiate acceptable agreements, the employees covered by the Railway Labor Act could strike, which could result in loss of business and increased operating costs as a result of higher wages or benefits paid to union members. Additionally, from time to time, the Company enters into CSX-specific, or “local”, bargaining agreements which could also be critical to the Company.

The unavailability of critical resources could adversely affect the Company’s operational efficiency and ability to meet demand.
Marketplace conditions for resources like locomotives as well as the availability of qualified personnel, particularly engineers and conductors, could each have a negative impact on the Company’s ability to meet demand for rail service. Although the Company believes that it has adequate personnel for the current business environment, unpredictable increases in demand for rail services or extreme weather conditions may exacerbate such risks, which could have a negative impact on the Company’s operational efficiency and otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity in a particular period.

Weaknesses in the capital and credit markets could negatively impact the Company’s access to capital.
The Company regularly relies on capital markets for the issuance of long-term debt instruments, commercial paper and bank financing from time to time. Instability or disruptions of the capital markets, including credit markets, or the deterioration of the Company’s financial condition due to internal or external factors, could restrict or prohibit access and could increase the cost of financing sources. A significant deterioration of the Company’s financial condition could also reduce credit ratings and could limit or affect its access to external sources of capital and increase the costs of short and long-term debt financing.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

None


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 11

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Item 2.  Properties
     
The Company’s properties primarily consist of track and its related infrastructure, locomotives and freight cars and equipment. These categories and the geography of the network are described below.

Track and Infrastructure
Serving 23 states, the District of Columbia, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, the CSXT rail network serves, among other markets, New York, Philadelphia and Boston in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, the southeast markets of Atlanta, Miami and New Orleans, and the midwestern markets of St. Louis, Memphis and Chicago.

CSXT’s track structure includes mainline track, connecting terminals and yards, track within terminals and switching yards, sidings used for passing trains, track connecting CSXT's track to customer locations and track that diverts trains from one track to another known as turnouts. Total track miles, which reflect the size of CSXT’s network that connects markets, customers and western railroads, are greater than CSXT’s approximately 20,500 route miles. At December 2018, the breakdown of track miles was as follows:
 
Track
 
Miles
Mainline track
26,286

Terminals and switching yards
9,350

Passing sidings and turnouts
921

Total
36,557


In addition to its physical track structure, the Company operates numerous yards and terminals for rail and intermodal service. These serve as points of connectivity between the Company and its local customers and as sorting facilities where railcars and intermodal containers are received, classed for destination and placed onto outbound trains, or arrive and are delivered to the customer. As part of the transition to scheduled railroading, CSX converted a number of hump yards to flat switching operations which allows for less intermediate processing and the opportunity to improve transit time. The Company’s largest yards and terminals based on 2018 volume (number of railcars or intermodal containers processed) are listed below.
Yards and Terminals
Bedford Park Intermodal Terminal - Chicago, IL
Waycross, GA
Selkirk, NY
Avon, IN (Indianapolis)
Cincinnati, OH
Nashville, TN
Louisville, KY
Walbridge, OH (Toledo)
Rocky Mount, NC
Chicago, IL


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 12

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Network Geography
CSXT’s operations are primarily focused on four major transportation networks and corridors which are defined geographically and by commodity flows below.

Interstate 90 (I-90) Corridor – This CSXT corridor links Chicago and the Midwest to metropolitan areas in New York and New England. This route, also known as the “waterlevel route,” has minimal hills and grades and nearly all of it has two main tracks (referred to as double track). These engineering attributes permit the corridor to support high-speed service across intermodal, automotive and merchandise commodities. This corridor is a primary route for import traffic coming from the far east through western ports moving eastward across the country, through Chicago and into the population centers in the Northeast. The I-90 Corridor is also a critical link between ports in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania and consumption markets in the Midwest. This route carries goods from all three of the Company’s major markets – merchandise, coal and intermodal.

Interstate 95 (I-95) Corridor – The CSXT I-95 Corridor connects Charleston, Jacksonville, Miami and many other cities throughout the Southeast with the heavily populated mid-Atlantic and northeastern cities of Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York. CSXT primarily transports food and consumer products, as well as metals and chemicals along this line. It is the leading rail corridor along the eastern seaboard south of the District of Columbia, and provides access to major eastern ports.

Southeastern Corridor – This critical part of the network runs between CSXT’s western gateways of Chicago, St. Louis and Memphis through the cities of Nashville, Birmingham, and Atlanta and markets in the Southeast. The Southeastern Corridor is the premier rail route connecting these key cities, gateways, and markets and positions CSXT to efficiently handle projected traffic volumes of intermodal, automotive and general merchandise traffic. The corridor also provides direct rail service between the coal reserves of the southern Illinois basin and the demand for coal in the Southeast.

Coal Network – The CSXT coal network connects the coal mining operations in the Appalachian mountain region and Illinois basin with industrial areas in the Southeast, Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, as well as many river, lake, and deep water port facilities. The domestic coal market has declined significantly over the past several years and export coal remains subject to a high degree of volatility. CSXT’s coal network remains well positioned to supply utility markets in both the Northeast and Southeast and to transport coal shipments for export outside of the U.S. Roughly one-third of the tons of export coal and the majority of the domestic coal that the Company transports is used for generating electricity.

See the following page for a map of the CSX Rail Network. Also included on the map, CSX Operating Agreement indicates areas within which CSX can operate through trackage rights beyond the CSX network.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 13

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



CSX Rail Network
csxnetwork2019v2a01.jpg

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 14

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Locomotives
At December 2018, CSXT owned nearly 3,900 locomotives. From time to time, the Company also short-term leases locomotives based on business needs. Freight locomotives are used primarily to pull trains while switching locomotives are used in yards. Auxiliary units are typically used to provide extra traction for heavy trains in hilly terrain. At December 2018, CSXT’s fleet of owned locomotives consisted of the following types:
 
Locomotives
 
%
 
Average Age
(years)
Freight
3,440

 
88
%
 
20

Switching
254

 
7
%
 
37

Auxiliary Units
204

 
5
%
 
24

Total
3,898

 
100
%
 
21

 
Equipment
At any time, over half of the railcars on the CSXT system are not owned or leased by the Company. Examples of these include railcars owned by other railroads (which are utilized by CSXT), shipper-furnished or private cars (which are generally used only in that shipper’s service), multi-level railcars used to transport automobiles (which are shared between railroads) and double-stack railcars, or well cars (which are industry pooled), that allow for two intermodal containers to be loaded one above the other.

At December 2018, the Company’s owned and long-term leased equipment consisted of the following:
Equipment
Number of Units
 
%
Gondolas
19,388

 
36
%
Multi-level flat cars
11,476

 
22
%
Covered hoppers
8,570

 
16
%
Open-top hoppers
8,273

 
16
%
Box cars
4,873

 
9
%
Flat cars
533

 
1
%
Other cars
266

 
—
%
Subtotal freight cars
53,379

 
100
%
Containers
18,051

 
 
Total equipment
71,430

 
 

     

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 15

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



The Company’s revenue-generating equipment, either owned or long-term leased, consists of freight cars and containers as described below.
 
Gondolas – Support CSXT’s metals markets and provide transport for woodchips and other bulk commodities.  Some gondolas are equipped with special hoods for protecting products like coil and sheet steel.

Multi-level flat cars – Transport finished automobiles and are differentiated by the number of levels: bi-levels for large vehicles such as pickup trucks and SUVs and tri-levels for sedans and smaller automobiles.

Covered hoppers – Have a permanent roof and are segregated based upon commodity density.  Lighter bulk commodities such as grain, fertilizer, flour, salt, sugar, clay and lime are shipped in large cars called jumbo covered hoppers.  Heavier commodities like cement, ground limestone and industrial sand are shipped in small cube covered hoppers.

Open-top hoppers – Transport heavy dry bulk commodities such as coal, coke, stone, sand, ores and gravel that are resistant to weather conditions.

Box cars – Include a variety of tonnages, sizes, door configurations and heights to accommodate a wide range of finished products, including paper, auto parts, appliances and building materials.  Insulated box cars deliver food products, canned goods, beer and wine.

Flat cars – Used for shipping intermodal containers and trailers or bulk and finished goods, such as lumber, pipe, plywood, drywall and pulpwood.

Other cars – Primarily leased refrigerator cars and slab steel cars.

Containers – Weather-proof boxes used for bulk shipment of freight.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

For further details, please refer to Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies of this annual report on Form 10-K.
Environmental Proceedings That Could Result in Fines Above $100,000
In connection with a CSXT train derailment in Mount Carbon, West Virginia in February 2015, the Company paid a penalty of $1.2 million to the United States federal government and a penalty of $1.5 million to the State of West Virginia in January 2019 related to the release of product into the environment.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosure

Not Applicable


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 16

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



Executive Officers of the Registrant

Executive officers of the Company are elected by the CSX Board of Directors and generally hold office until the next annual election of officers. There are no family relationships or any arrangement or understanding between any officer and any other person pursuant to which such officer was elected. As of the date of this filing, the executive officers’ names, ages and business experience are:
 Name and Age
 Business Experience During Past Five Years
James M. Foote, 65
President and Chief Executive Officer 


Foote has served as President and Chief Executive Office since December 2017. He joined CSX in October 2017 as Chief Operating Officer, with responsibility for both operations and sales and marketing.

Mr. Foote has more than 40 years of railroad industry experience. Most recently, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Bright Rail Energy. Before heading Bright Rail, he was Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing with Canadian National Railway Company. At Canadian National, Mr. Foote also served as Vice President – Investor Relations and Vice President Sales and Marketing – Merchandise.
Frank A. Lonegro, 50
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Lonegro has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of CSX since September 2015. In this capacity, he directs all financial aspects of the company’s business, including financial and economic analysis, accounting, tax, treasury and purchasing activities.

In his 18 years with CSX, Mr. Lonegro has also served as Vice President Service Design, President of CSX Technology, Vice President Mechanical, and Vice President Internal Audit.
Edmond L. Harris, 69
Executive Vice President of Operations

Harris has served as CSX's Executive Vice President of Operations since January 2018. In this role, he is responsible for mechanical, engineering, transportation and network operations.

Mr. Harris has more than 40 years of railroad industry experience. Most recently, Mr. Harris served as a senior adviser to Global Infrastructure Partners, an independent fund that invests in infrastructure assets worldwide; Chairman of Omnitrax Rail Network; and Board Director for Universal Rail Services. His previous experience also includes having served as Chief Operations Officer at Canadian Pacific, and subsequently, a member of the Board. He also served as Executive Vice President of Operations at Canadian National.

Nathan D. Goldman, 61
Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Corporate Secretary
Goldman has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, and Corporate Secretary of CSX since October 2017. In this role he directs the company’s legal affairs, government relations, risk management, public safety, environmental, and audit functions.

During his 15 years with the Company, Mr. Goldman has previously served as Vice President of Risk Compliance and General Counsel and has overseen work in compliance, risk management and safety programs.



CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 17

CSX CORPORATION
PART I



 Name and Age
 Business Experience During Past Five Years
Diana B. Sorfleet, 54
Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer
Sorfleet was named Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer in July 2018. In this role, her responsibilities include human resources, labor relations, people systems and analytics, information technology, total rewards and aviation.

During her 7 years with the Company, Ms. Sorfleet has previously served as Chief Human Resources Officer. Prior to joining CSX, she worked in human resources for 20 years.

Mark K. Wallace, 49
Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing

Wallace has served as Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing since July 2018. In his current role, Mr. Wallace is responsible for the commercial organization, as well as real estate and facilities functions. He joined the Company in March 2017 and previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer and Executive Vice President of Corporate Affairs and Chief of Staff to the CEO.

Prior to joining CSX, he served as the Vice President of Corporate Affairs at Canadian Pacific Railway Limited with responsibility for the corporate communications and public affairs, investor relations, facilities and real estate functions. Prior to his time at Canadian Pacific, Mr. Wallace spent more than 15 years in various senior management positions with Canadian National Railway Company.
Angela C. Williams, 44
Vice President and Controller
Williams has served as Vice President and Controller of CSX since March 2018. She is responsible for financial and regulatory reporting, freight billing and collections, payroll, accounts payable and various other accounting processes.
 
During her 15 years with the Company, she previously served as Assistant Vice President - Assistant Controller and in other various accounting roles. Prior to joining CSX, she held various accounting and auditing positions for over 6 years. Ms. Williams is a Certified Public Accountant.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 18

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information
CSX’s common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, which is its principal trading market, and is traded over-the-counter and on exchanges nationwide. The official trading symbol is “CSX.” 

Description of Common and Preferred Stock
A total of 1.8 billion shares of common stock are authorized, of which 818,179,988 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2018. Each share is entitled to one vote in all matters requiring a vote of shareholders. There are no pre-emptive rights, which are privileges extended to select shareholders that would allow them to purchase additional shares before other members of the general public in the event of an offering. At January 31, 2019, the latest practicable date that is closest to the filing date, there were 26,281 common stock shareholders of record. The weighted average of common shares outstanding, which was used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share, was 861 million as of December 31, 2018. (See Note 2, Earnings Per Share.) A total of 25 million shares of preferred stock is authorized, none of which is currently outstanding.

The following table sets forth, for the quarters indicated, the dividends declared and the high and low share prices of CSX common stock.

 
Quarter
 
 
 
1st
 
2nd
 
3rd
 
4th
 
Year
2018
Dividends
$
0.22

 
$
0.22

 
$
0.22

 
$
0.22

 
$
0.88

Common Stock Price
 
High
$
60.04

 
$
67.69

 
$
76.24

 
$
75.66

 
$
76.24

Low
$
48.43

 
$
53.53

 
$
63.23

 
$
58.47

 
$
48.43

2017
Dividends
$
0.18

 
$
0.20

 
$
0.20

 
$
0.20

 
$
0.78

Common Stock Price
 
High
$
50.31

 
$
55.06

 
$
55.48

 
$
58.35

 
$
58.35

Low
$
35.59

 
$
46.04

 
$
47.99

 
$
48.26

 
$
35.59



CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 19

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Stock Performance Graph
The cumulative shareholder returns, assuming reinvestment of dividends, on $100 invested at December 31, 2013 are illustrated on the graph below. The Company references the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500 ®”), and the Dow Jones U.S. Transportation Average Index, which provide comparisons to a broad-based market index and other companies in the transportation industry.  

stockgraphv2a01.jpg

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 20

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

CSX Purchases of Equity Securities
CSX purchases its own shares for two primary reasons: (1) to further its goals under its share repurchase programs and (2) to fund the Company’s contribution required to be paid in CSX common stock under a 401(k) plan that covers certain union employees.

In February 2018, the Company announced an increase to the $1.5 billion share repurchase program first announced in October 2017, bringing the total authorized to $5 billion. This program was completed on January 16, 2019. Also on January 16, 2019, the Company announced a new $5 billion share repurchase program. The repurchases may be made through a variety of methods including, but not limited to, open market purchases, purchases pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans, accelerated share repurchases and negotiated block purchases. The timing of share repurchases depends upon marketplace conditions and other factors, and the program remains subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors.

During 2018, 2017, and 2016, CSX repurchased the following shares:
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Shares Repurchased (Units in Millions)
72

 
39

 
38

Cost of Shares (Dollars in Millions)
$
4,671

 
$
1,970

 
$
1,056

Average Price Paid per Share
$
64.64

 
$
50.80

 
$
27.52


During 2018, the Company entered into four accelerated share repurchase agreements to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Under these agreements, the Company paid $1.5 billion and received approximately 22 million total shares, which are included in the table above.

Management's assessment of market conditions and other factors guide the timing and volume of repurchases. Future share repurchases are expected to be funded by cash on hand, cash generated from operations and debt issuances. Shares are retired immediately upon repurchase. In accordance with the Equity Topic in the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"), the excess of repurchase price over par value is recorded in retained earnings. Generally, retained earnings are only otherwise impacted by net earnings and dividends.

Share repurchase activity of $1.9 billion for the fourth quarter 2018 was as follows:
CSX Purchases of Equity Securities for the Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Total Number of Shares Purchased 
 
Average Price Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(a)
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
Beginning Balance
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,983,650,599

October 1 - October 31, 2018
11,715,179

 
$
70.89

11,694,469

 
 
1,154,480,380

November 1 - November 30, 2018
9,619,372

 
 
69.43

9,619,222

 
 
486,661,734

December 1 - December 31, 2018
5,257,087

 
 
68.01

5,257,087

 
 
129,128,793

Ending Balance
26,591,638

 
$
69.79

26,570,778

 
$
129,128,793

(a) The difference of 20,860 shares between the "Total Number of Shares Purchased" and the "Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs" for the quarter represents shares purchased to fund the Company's contribution to a 401(k) plan that covers certain union employees.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 21

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data
    
Selected financial data related to the Company’s financial results for the last five fiscal years are listed below.
 
 
Fiscal Years
(Dollars and Shares in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Financial Performance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
12,250

 
$
11,408

 
$
11,069

 
$
11,811

 
$
12,669

 
Expense
7,381

 
7,688

 
7,656

 
8,183

 
8,991

 
Operating Income
$
4,869

 
$
3,720

 
$
3,413

 
$
3,628

 
$
3,678

 
Adjusted Operating Income(a)
4,869

 
3,818

 
3,413

 
3,628

 
3,678

Net Earnings from Continuing Operations
$
3,309

 
$
5,471

 
$
1,714

 
$
1,968

 
$
1,927

Adjusted Net Earnings from Continuing Operations(a)
3,309

 
2,097

 
1,714

 
1,968

 
1,927

 
Operating Ratio
60.3
%
 
67.4
%
 
69.2
%
 
69.3
%
 
71.0
%
 
Adjusted Operating Ratio(a)
60.3
%
 
66.5
%
 
69.2
%
 
69.3
%
 
71.0
%
Net Earnings Per Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From Continuing Operations, Basic
$
3.86

 
$
6.01

 
$
1.81

 
$
2.00

 
$
1.93

 
From Continuing Operations, Assuming Dilution
3.84

 
5.99

 
1.81

 
2.00

 
1.92

 
Adjusted From Continuing Operations, Assuming Dilution(a)
3.84

 
2.30

 
1.81

 
2.00

 
1.92

Average Common Shares Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
857

 
911

 
947

 
983

 
1,001

 
Assuming Dilution
861

 
914

 
948

 
984

 
1,002

Financial Position
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments
$
1,111

 
$
419

 
$
1,020

 
$
1,438

 
$
961

 
Total Assets
36,729

 
35,739

 
35,414

 
34,745

 
32,747

 
Long-term Debt
14,739

 
11,790

 
10,962

 
10,515

 
9,349

 
Shareholders' Equity
12,580

 
14,721

 
11,694

 
11,668

 
11,176

 
Dividend Per Share
$
0.88

 
$
0.78

 
$
0.72

 
$
0.70

 
$
0.63

Additional Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital Expenditures
$
1,745

 
$
2,040

 
$
2,705

 
$
2,562

 
$
2,449

 
Employees -- Annual Averages (estimated)
22,901

 
25,230

 
27,350

 
31,285

 
31,511

 
Employees -- Year-end Count (estimated)
22,475

 
24,006

 
26,628

 
29,410

 
32,287

(a) Adjusted operating income, adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share assuming dilution are non-GAAP measures that exclude the impacts of tax reform and restructuring activities in 2017. These non-GAAP measures are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The presentation of these non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or as superior to the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to corresponding GAAP measures are presented in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Certain prior year data has been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 22

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Item 7.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

TERMS USED BY CSX

When used in this report, unless otherwise indicated by the context, these terms are used to mean the following:

Car hire - A charge paid by one railroad for its use of cars belonging to another railroad or car owner.

Class I freight railroad - One of the largest line haul freight railroads as determined based on operating revenue; the exact revenue required to be in each class is periodically adjusted for inflation by the Surface Transportation Board. Smaller railroads are classified as Class II or Class III.

Common carrier mandate - A federal mandate that requires U.S. railroads to accommodate reasonable requests from shippers to carry any freight, including hazardous materials.

Demurrage - A charge assessed by railroads for the use of rail cars by shippers or receivers of freight beyond a specified free time.

Department of Transportation ("DOT") - A U.S. government agency with jurisdiction over matters of all modes of transportation.

Depreciation study - A periodic statistical analysis of fixed asset service lives, salvage values, accumulated depreciation, and other factors for group assets along with a comparison of similar asset groups at other companies conducted by a third-party specialist.

Double-stack - Stacking containers two-high on specially equipped cars.

Drayage - The pickup or delivery of intermodal shipments by truck.

Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) - A U.S. government agency that has regulatory authority with respect to environmental law.

Federal Railroad Administration ("FRA") - The branch of the DOT that is responsible for developing and enforcing railroad safety regulations, including safety standards for rail infrastructure and equipment.

Free cash flow - The calculation of a non-GAAP measure by using net cash provided by operating activities and adjusting for property additions and certain other investing activities. Free cash flow is a measure of cash available for paying dividends, share repurchases and principal reduction on outstanding debt.

Group-life method - A type of depreciation in which assets with similar useful lives and characteristics are aggregated into groups. Instead of calculating depreciation for individual assets, depreciation is calculated for each group.

Incidental revenue - Revenue for switching, demurrage, storage, etc.

Intermodal - A flexible way of transporting freight over water, highway and rail without being removed from the original transportation equipment, namely a container or trailer.

Mainline - The main track thoroughfare, exclusive of terminals, yards, sidings and turnouts.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 23

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (“PHMSA”) - An agency within the DOT that, together with the FRA, has broad jurisdiction over railroad operating standards and practices, including hazardous materials requirements. 

Positive Train Control ("PTC") - An interoperable train control system designed to prevent train-to-train collisions, over-speed derailments, incursions into established work-zone limits, and train diversions onto another set of tracks.

Revenue adequacy - The achievement of a rate of return on investment at least equal to the cost of investment capital, as measured by the STB.

Scheduled railroading - An operating plan focused on developing and strictly maintaining a scheduled service plan to deliver further service gains and improve transit times, with an emphasis on driving asset utilization while controlling costs.

Shipper - A customer shipping freight via rail.

Siding - Track adjacent to the mainline used for passing trains.

Staggers Act of 1980 - Congressional law which significantly deregulated the rail industry, replacing the regulatory structure in existence since the 1887 Interstate Commerce Act. Where previously rates were controlled by the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Staggers Act allowed railroads to establish their own rates for shipments, enhancing their ability to compete with other modes of transportation.

Surface Transportation Board ("STB") - An independent governmental adjudicatory body administratively housed within the DOT, responsible for the economic regulation of interstate surface transportation within the United States.

Switching - Putting cars in a specific order, placing cars for loading, retrieving empty cars or adding or removing cars from a train at an intermediate point. 

Terminal - A facility, typically owned by a railroad, for the handling of freight and for the breaking up, making up, forwarding and servicing of trains.

Transportation Security Administration (“TSA”) - A component of the Department of Homeland Security with broad authority over railroad operating practices that may have homeland security implications.

TTX Company ("TTX") - A company that provides its owner-railroads with standardized fleets of intermodal, automotive and general use railcars at time and mileage rates. CSX owns about 20 percent of TTX's common stock, and the remainder is owned by the other leading North American railroads and their affiliates.

Turnout - A track that diverts trains from one track to another. 

Yard - A system of tracks, other than main tracks and sidings, used for making up trains, storing cars and other purposes.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 24

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

2018 HIGHLIGHTS

• Revenue of $12.3 billion increased $842 million or 7% versus the prior year.
• Expenses of $7.4 billion decreased $307 million or 4% year over year.
• Operating income of $4.9 billion increased $1.1 billion or 31% year over year. Operating income in 2017 included a pre-tax $240 million restructuring charge and a pre-tax tax reform benefit of $142 million. Adjusting for these items, operating income increased $1.1 billion or 28% year over year.
• Operating ratio of 60.3 percent improved 710 basis points from 67.4%. Operating ratio in 2017 was affected by the restructuring charge and tax reform benefit described above. Adjusting for these items, operating ratio of 60.3 percent in 2018 improved 620 basis points.
• Earnings per diluted share of $3.84 decreased $2.15 or 36% year over year. Net income in 2017 included a restructuring charge and a restructuring charge - non-operating with a combined $203 million after-tax impact and a total after-tax reform benefit of $3.6 billion. Adjusting for these items, earnings per diluted share improved $1.54 per share or 67% year over year.

Adjusted operating income, adjusted operating ratio and adjusted earnings per diluted share are non-GAAP measures. See reconciliation of GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures in Non-GAAP Measures - Unaudited following the discussion of the results of operations.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

2018 vs. 2017 Results of Operations
 
Fiscal Years
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
2017(a)
 
$
Change
 
%
Change
 
(Dollars in Millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
12,250

 
$
11,408

 
$
842

 
7
 %
 
Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Labor and Fringe
2,738

 
2,946

 
208

 
7

 
Materials, Supplies and Other
1,967

 
2,113

 
146

 
7

 
Depreciation
1,331

 
1,315

 
(16
)
 
(1
)
 
Fuel
1,046

 
864

 
(182
)
 
(21
)
 
Equipment and Other Rents
395

 
429

 
34

 
8

 
Restructuring Charge
—

 
240

 
240

 
100

 
Equity Earnings of Affiliates
(96
)
 
(219
)
 
(123
)
 
(56
)
 
Total Expense
7,381

 
7,688

 
307

 
4

 
Operating Income
4,869

 
3,720

 
1,149

 
31

 
Interest Expense
(639
)
 
(546
)
 
(93
)
 
(17
)
 
Restructuring Charge - Non-Operating
—

 
(85
)
 
85

 
100

 
Other Income - Net
74

 
53

 
21

 
40

 
Income Tax (Expense) Benefit
(995
)
 
2,329

 
(3,324
)
 
(143
)
 
Net Earnings
$
3,309

 
$
5,471

 
$
(2,162
)
 
(40
)
 
Earnings Per Diluted Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Earnings
$
3.84

 
$
5.99

 
$
(2.15
)
 
(36
)%
 
Operating Ratio
60.3
%
 
67.4
%
 
 
 
710

bps
(a) Certain prior year data has been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. See further discussion of reclassification of all components of net periodic benefit cost except service cost from labor and fringe expense to other income - net in Note 1.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 25

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

2018 vs. 2017 Results of Operations, continued
Volume and Revenue (Unaudited)
Volume (Thousands of units); Revenue (Dollars in Millions); Revenue Per Unit (Dollars)
 
Volume
 
Revenue
 
Revenue Per Unit
 
2018
 
2017
 
% Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
% Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
% Change
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chemicals
675

 
672

 
—
 %
 
$
2,339

 
$
2,210

 
6
 %
 
$
3,465

 
$
3,289

 
5
%
Automotive
463

 
457

 
1
 %
 
1,267

 
1,195

 
6
 %
 
2,737

 
2,615

 
5
%
Agricultural and Food Products
447

 
454

 
(2
)%
 
1,306

 
1,262

 
3
 %
 
2,922

 
2,780

 
5
%
Minerals 
315

 
308

 
2
 %
 
518

 
477

 
9
 %
 
1,644

 
1,549

 
6
%
Forest Products
285

 
264

 
8
 %
 
850

 
755

 
13
 %
 
2,982

 
2,860

 
4
%
Metals and Equipment
267

 
256

 
4
 %
 
769

 
703

 
9
 %
 
2,880

 
2,746

 
5
%
Fertilizers
248

 
291

 
(15
)%
 
442

 
466

 
(5
)%
 
1,782

 
1,601

 
11
%
Total Merchandise
2,700

 
2,702

 
—
 %
 
7,491

 
7,068

 
6
 %
 
2,774

 
2,616

 
6
%
Coal
887

 
855

 
4
 %
 
2,246

 
2,107

 
7
 %
 
2,532

 
2,464

 
3
%
Intermodal
2,895

 
2,843

 
2
 %
 
1,931

 
1,799

 
7
 %
 
667

 
633

 
5
%
Other
—

 
—

 
—
 %
 
582

 
434

 
34
 %
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
Total
6,482

 
6,400

 
1
 %
 
$
12,250

 
$
11,408

 
7
 %
 
$
1,890

 
$
1,783

 
6
%




CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 26

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Revenue
In 2018, revenue increased $842 million when compared to the previous year, primarily due to increases in fuel recovery as a result of the increase in fuel price, price increases, higher other revenue, volume growth in most markets and favorable mix.

Merchandise
Chemicals - Volume was relatively flat as stronger energy, industrial chemicals and waste shipments were mostly offset by reduced fly ash and sand shipments.

Automotive - Volume increased due to higher North American vehicle production of trucks and SUVs.

Agricultural and Food Products - Volume declined due to losses in the ethanol market, which were partially offset by gains in the domestic and export grain markets.

Minerals - Volume increased due to stronger shipments for construction and paving projects.

Forest Products - Volume increased due to e-commerce driven pulpboard demand, strength in building products and truck conversions to rail.

Metals and Equipment - Volume increased due to stronger steel production, including demand for construction and pipe, as well as truck conversions to rail.

Fertilizers - Volume declined primarily due to the closure of a customer facility in late 2017 that previously moved short-haul rail shipments.

Coal
Domestic utility coal volume declined reflecting strong competition from natural gas. Domestic coke, iron ore and other volume increased primarily driven by stronger domestic steel production. Export volume increased as global supply levels and elevated global benchmark prices supported continued demand for U.S. coal.

Intermodal
Domestic volume was relatively flat as rationalization of low-density lanes was mostly offset by growth with existing customers due to tight truck conditions. International volume increased driven by new customers and strong performance with existing customers, which more than offset losses from the rationalization of low-density lanes.

Other
Other revenue increased $148 million versus prior year primarily due to increases in incidental charges, partially offset by settlements in 2017 from customers who did not meet historical volume commitments.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 27

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Expense
In 2018, total expenses decreased $307 million, or 4%, compared to prior year. Descriptions of each expense category as well as significant year-over-year changes are described below.
 
Labor and Fringe expenses include employee wages and related payroll taxes, health and welfare costs, pension, other post-retirement benefits and incentive compensation. These expenses decreased $208 million due to the following items:
•
Costs decreased $198 million driven by lower headcount and crew starts, partially offset by higher inflation and volume.
•
Incentive compensation increased $26 million due to higher projected payouts.
•
Other costs decreased $36 million due to the recognition of railroad retirement tax refunds related to past share-based compensation awards and several other items, none of which were individually significant.

Materials, Supplies and Other expenses consist primarily of contracted services to maintain infrastructure and equipment, terminal and pier services and professional services. This category also includes costs related to materials, travel, casualty claims, environmental remediation, train accidents, property and sales tax, utilities and other items including gains on property dispositions. Total materials, supplies and other expenses decreased $146 million driven by the following:
•
Gains from line and real estate sales were $136 million higher in 2018.
•
Costs decreased $49 million as a result of lower operating support costs, partially offset by inflation.
•
Favorable judgments related to previously condemned properties resulted in prior year gains of $73 million.
•
Other costs decreased $34 million primarily driven by a reduction in personal injury expense resulting from a decline the severity of injuries and other items, none of which were individually significant.

Depreciation expense primarily relates to recognizing the costs of a capital asset, such as locomotives, railcars and track structure, over its useful life. This expense is impacted primarily by the capital expenditures made each year. Depreciation expense increased $16 million due to a larger asset base.

Fuel expense includes locomotive diesel fuel as well as non-locomotive fuel. This expense is largely driven by the market price and locomotive consumption of diesel fuel. Fuel expense increased $182 million primarily due to a 24 percent price increase that drove additional expense of $200 million, partially offset by fuel efficiency initiatives.

Equipment and Other expenses include rent paid for freight cars owned by other railroads or private companies, net of rents received by CSXT for use of its equipment. This category of expenses also includes expenses for short-term and long-term leases of locomotives, railcars, containers and trailers, offices and other rentals. These expenses decreased $34 million primarily due to reduced days per load, particularly for merchandise and automotive markets, partially offset by volume-related costs.

Equity Earnings of Affiliates includes earnings from operating equity method investments. Equity earnings of affiliates decreased $123 million primarily due to a $142 million favorable impact of tax reform (primarily related to TTX and Conrail) and a real estate gain of $16 million for the sale of a property owned by one of the Company's equity affiliates both included in prior year results. These decreases were partially offset by higher affiliate earnings in the current year.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 28

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Interest Expense
Interest Expense includes interest on long-term debt, equipment obligations and capital leases. Interest expense increased $93 million to $639 million primarily due to higher average debt balances partially offset by lower average interest rates.

Other Income - Net
Other Income - Net includes investment gains, losses and interest income, as well as components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost and other non-operating activities. Other income increased $21 million to $74 million primarily due to increased interest income as a result of higher average investment balances.

Income Tax Expense
Income Tax Expense increased $3.3 billion from a benefit of $2.3 billion in 2017 to an expense of $1.0 billion in 2018 due to a $3.5 billion non-cash reduction in income tax in 2017 primarily due to the revaluation of the Company's net deferred tax liabilities to reflect the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate to 21 percent as part of tax reform. This increase was also due to additional income tax expense resulting from increased earnings before income taxes, partially offset by a lower enacted income tax rate.

Net Earnings
Net Earnings decreased $2.2 billion to $3.3 billion, and earnings per diluted share decreased $2.15 to $3.84, due to the factors mentioned above, including the significant impact of tax reform on 2017 results. Lower average shares outstanding resulting from higher share repurchase activity had a positive impact on earnings per diluted share.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 29

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

2017 vs. 2016 Results of Operations(a)  
 
Fiscal Years
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
Change
 
%
Change
 
(Dollars in Millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
11,408

 
$
11,069

 
$
339

 
3
 %
 
Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Labor and Fringe
2,946

 
3,135

 
189

 
6

 
Materials, Supplies and Other
2,113

 
2,092

 
(21
)
 
(1
)
 
Depreciation
1,315

 
1,301

 
(14
)
 
(1
)
 
Fuel
864

 
713

 
(151
)
 
(21
)
 
Equipment and Other Rents
429

 
465

 
36

 
8

 
Restructuring Charge
240

 
—

 
(240
)
 
(100
)
 
Equity Earnings of Affiliates
(219
)
 
(50
)
 
169

 
338

 
Total Expense
7,688

 
7,656

 
(32
)
 
—

 
Operating Income
3,720

 
3,413

 
307

 
9

 
Interest Expense
(546
)
 
(579
)
 
33

 
6

 
Debt Repurchase Expense
—

 
(115
)
 
115

 
100

 
Restructuring Charge - Non-Operating
(85
)
 
—

 
(85
)
 
(100
)
 
Other Income - Net
53

 
22

 
31

 
141

 
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
2,329

 
(1,027
)
 
3,356

 
327

 
Net Earnings
$
5,471

 
$
1,714

 
$
3,757

 
219

 
Earnings Per Diluted Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Earnings
$
5.99

 
$
1.81

 
$
4.18

 
231
 %
 
Operating Ratio
67.4
%
 
69.2
%
 
 
 
180

bps

(a) Prior to third quarter 2017, CSX followed a 52/53 week fiscal reporting calendar. All 2016 information presented in Results of Operations is on a 53-week basis, under GAAP. Additionally, certain prior year data has been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. See further discussion of reclassification of all components of net periodic benefit cost except service cost from labor and fringe expense to other income - net in Note 1.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 30

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

2017 vs. 2016 Results of Operations, continued
Volume and Revenue (Unaudited)(a) 
Volume (Thousands of units); Revenue (Dollars in Millions); Revenue Per Unit (Dollars)
 
Volume
 
Revenue
 
Revenue Per Unit
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Change
Chemicals
672

 
700

 
(4
)%
 
2,210

 
2,191

 
1
 %
 
3,289

 
3,130

 
5
%
Automotive
457

 
482

 
(5
)
 
1,195

 
1,261

 
(5
)
 
2,615

 
2,616

 
—
%
Agricultural and Food Products
454

 
477

 
(5
)
 
1,262

 
1,286

 
(2
)
 
2,780

 
2,696

 
3
%
Minerals
308

 
310

 
(1
)
 
477

 
464

 
3

 
1,549

 
1,497

 
3
%
Fertilizers
291

 
300

 
(3
)
 
466

 
463

 
1

 
1,601

 
1,543

 
4
%
Forest Products
264

 
274

 
(4
)
 
755

 
773

 
(2
)
 
2,860

 
2,821

 
1
%
Metals and Equipment
256

 
259

 
(1
)
 
703

 
704

 
—

 
2,746

 
2,718

 
1
%
Total Merchandise
2,702

 
2,802

 
(4
)
 
7,068

 
7,142

 
(1
)
 
2,616

 
2,549

 
3
%
Coal
855

 
838

 
2

 
2,107

 
1,833

 
15

 
2,464

 
2,187

 
13
%
Intermodal
2,843

 
2,811

 
1

 
1,799

 
1,726

 
4

 
633

 
614

 
3
%
Other
—

 
—

 
—

 
434

 
368

 
18

 
—

 
—

 
—
%
Total
6,400

 
6,451

 
(1
)%
 
$
11,408

 
$
11,069

 
3
 %
 
$
1,783

 
$
1,716

 
4
%

(a) Prior to third quarter 2017, CSX followed a 52/53 week fiscal reporting calendar. All 2016 information presented in Results of Operations is on a 53-week basis, under GAAP.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 31

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Revenue
In 2017, revenue increased $339 million when compared to the previous year, primarily due to gains in export coal, price increases across nearly all other markets and fuel recovery, partially offset by the $178 million impact of an extra fiscal week in 2016 and lower merchandise volumes. Revenue per unit increased over prior year as pricing gains and higher fuel recoveries were partially offset by unfavorable mix.

Merchandise
Chemicals - Volume declined, primarily due to sustained challenges in the Eastern crude-by-rail market. This decline offset an increase in shipments of frac sand and petroleum gases due to growth in drilling activity.

Automotive - Volume declined as North American vehicle production fell.

Agricultural and Food Products - Volume declined due to challenges in the export market as well as a large southeastern grain crop leading to local truck sourcing to feed mills.

Minerals - Volume slightly declined as short-term competitive losses were mostly offset by growth in construction project activity.

Fertilizers - Volume declined, primarily driven by the closure of a customer facility as well as Hurricane Irma’s impact on Central Florida phosphate operations.

Forest Products - Volume declined as the decrease in shipments of paper products as a result of mill closures and truck competition was partially offset by strong pulp board volumes driven by e- commerce demand.

Metals and Equipment - Volume slightly declined as a nonrecurring 2016 benefit from large pipe projects was partially offset by increases in equipment moves.

Coal
Domestic utility coal volume declined 12 percent as the competitive loss of short-haul interchange traffic more than offset underlying growth at other utilities. Domestic coke, iron ore and other volume declined 13 percent, primarily in iron ore shipments, as a large customer temporarily halted its production. Export volume increased 42 percent as global supply levels and pricing conditions supported strong growth in U.S. coal exports.

Intermodal
Domestic volume declined 2 percent as rationalization of low-density lanes and competitive losses more than offset growth with existing customers. International volume was up 7 percent driven by competitive gains and strong performance with existing customers as eastern port volumes increased.

Other
Other revenue increased $66 million versus prior year primarily due to a $58 million settlement in
2017 related to a customer that did not meet historical volume commitments and higher incidental charges.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 32

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Expense
In 2017, total expenses increased $32 million, or less than one percent, compared to prior year. Descriptions of each expense category as well as significant year-over-year changes are described below.

Labor and Fringe expenses include employee wages and related payroll taxes, health and welfare costs, pension, other post-retirement benefits and incentive compensation. These expenses decreased $189 million due to the following items:
•
Efficiency and volume savings of $274 million were driven primarily by reductions in overall headcount and other effects of implementing scheduled railroading as well as the impacts of the 2017 restructuring initiative, slightly offset by higher volume-related costs.
•
Pension costs decreased $10 million primarily due to adoption in 2017 of the spot rate approach for measuring service cost.
•
The extra fiscal week in 2016 resulted in $51 million of additional cost compared to 2017.
•
Inflation resulted in $152 million of additional cost driven by increased health and welfare costs and wage increases.
•
Various other costs decreased $6 million.

Materials, Supplies and Other expenses consist primarily of contracted services to maintain infrastructure and equipment, terminal and coal pier services and professional services. This category also includes costs related to materials, travel, casualty claims, environmental remediation, train accidents, property and sales tax, utilities and other items. Total materials, supplies and other expenses increased $21 million driven by the following:
•
Real estate gains were $18 million in 2017 compared to $128 million in 2016 related to the sale of an operating property and other related income.
•
Inflation resulted in $37 million of additional cost.
•
Asset impairments of $25 million resulted from the discontinuation of certain in-progress projects as a result of transition to scheduled railroading.
•
Relocation costs increased $19 million, which includes the impact of the Company’s initiative to consolidate dispatchers.
•
Additional expense of $13 million resulted from train accidents during the year.
•
Efficiency and volume savings of $152 million are primarily related to lower maintenance costs from the reduction in the active locomotive fleet, lower operating support costs and a reduction in contingent workers.
•
Favorable judgments resulted in compensation to CSX for previously condemned properties, reflecting gains of $73 million.
•
The extra week in 2016 resulted in $18 million of additional cost compared to 2017.
•
Other costs increased $60 million due to various non-significant items.

Depreciation expense primarily relates to recognizing the costs of a capital asset, such as locomotives, railcars and track structure, over its useful life. This expense is impacted primarily by the capital expenditures made each year. Depreciation expense increased $14 million due to a larger asset base, partially offset by $25 million of additional costs in 2016 from the extra week compared to 2017.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 33

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Fuel expense includes locomotive diesel fuel as well as non-locomotive fuel. This expense is largely driven by the market price and locomotive consumption of diesel fuel. Fuel expense increased $151 million driven by the following:
•
A 24 percent increase in the average fuel price per gallon, from $1.48 to $1.84 per gallon versus the prior year, drove $154 million in increased fuel expense.
•
The extra week in 2016 resulted in $15 million of additional cost compared to 2017.
•
Other costs increased $12 million primarily due to increased fuel expense for non-locomotive fuel, partially offset by efficiency and volume savings.

Equipment and Other expenses include rent paid for freight cars owned by other railroads or private companies, net of rents received by CSXT for use of its equipment. This category of expenses also includes expenses for short-term and long-term leases of locomotives, railcars, containers and trailers, offices and other rentals. These expenses decreased $36 million driven by the following:
•
The extra week in 2016 resulted in $7 million of additional cost compared to 2017.
•
Other costs decreased $29 million primarily due to the reclassification of rental income from other non-operating to operating income in 2017, partially offset by inflation.

Restructuring Charge of $240 million includes costs related to restructuring activities in 2017, including the management workforce reduction, executive retirements, reimbursement arrangements, the proration of equity awards and other advisory costs related to the leadership transition.

Equity Earnings of Affiliates includes earnings from operating equity method investments. Equity earnings of affiliates increased $169 million primarily due to the following:
•
Tax reform resulted in a $142 million increase in earnings (primarily related to TTX and Conrail).
•
Real estate gains of $16 million were recognized on the sale of a property owned by one of the Company's equity affiliates.
•
Other increases were primarily due to increased equity earnings from affiliates, primarily TTX as a result of higher rental volumes and decreased costs.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 34

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Interest Expense
Interest Expense includes interest on long-term debt, equipment obligations and capital leases. Interest expense decreased $33 million to $546 million due to lower average interest rates and $11 million of additional expense in 2016 related to the extra week, partially offset by higher average debt balances.

Restructuring Charge - Non Operating
Restructuring Charge - Non Operating of $85 million includes non-operating costs related to restructuring activities in 2017, including certain pension benefits and other post-retirement benefits curtailment.

Other Income - Net
Other Income - Net increased $31 million to $53 million primarily due to adoption in 2017 of the spot rate approach for measuring employee benefit plan interest costs, prior year pension contributions and other favorable benefit plan experience, offset by the reclassification of real estate activities from other non-operating to operating income in 2017.

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
Income Tax Benefit (Expense) decreased $3.4 billion from an expense of $1.0 billion in 2016 to a benefit of $2.3 billion in 2017 primarily due to a $3.5 billion non-cash reduction in income tax mostly resulting from the revaluation of the Company's net deferred tax liabilities to reflect the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate to 21 percent as part of tax reform. This reduction was partially offset by additional income tax expense resulting from increased earnings before income taxes.

Net Earnings
Net Earnings increased $3.8 billion to $5.5 billion, and earnings per diluted share increased $4.18 to $5.99, due to the factors mentioned above, including the significant impact of tax reform. Lower average shares outstanding resulting from higher share repurchase activity had a positive impact on earnings per diluted share.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 35

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Non-GAAP Measures - Unaudited
CSX reports its financial results in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). CSX also uses certain non-GAAP measures that fall within the meaning of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation G and Regulation S-K Item 10(e), which may provide users of the financial information with additional meaningful comparison to prior reported results.  Non-GAAP measures do not have standardized definitions and are not defined by GAAP. Therefore, CSX’s non-GAAP measures are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The presentation of these non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or as superior to the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to corresponding GAAP measures are below.

Prior Year Adjusted Operating Results
Management believes that adjusted operating income, adjusted operating ratio, adjusted net earnings and adjusted net earnings per share, assuming dilution are important in evaluating the Company’s operating performance and for planning and forecasting future business operations and future profitability. These non-GAAP measures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding operating results because they exclude certain significant items that are not considered indicative of future financial trends.

The impact of tax reform, the restructuring charge and retrospective impact of adoption of a new accounting standard update on 2017 operating results are shown in the following table. There were no adjustments to operating results in 2018. As noted in Note 1. Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, the Company adopted the provisions of an accounting standard related to the presentation of net pension and other post-retirement benefit costs during the first quarter 2018 and applied them retrospectively.

 
 
For the Year ended December 31, 2017
(in millions, except operating ratio and net earnings per share, assuming dilution)
 
Operating Income
 
Operating Ratio
 
Net Earnings
 
Net Earnings Per Share, Assuming Dilution
As Previously Reported - GAAP
 
$
3,667

 
67.9
 %
 
$
5,471

 
$
5.99

Reclassification of Net Pension and Other Post-Retirement Expense
 
53

 
(0.5
)
 
—

 
—

As Reclassified - GAAP
 
3,720

 
67.4

 
5,471

 
5.99

Restructuring Charge (a)(b)
 
240

 
(2.1
)
 
203

 
0.22

Tax Reform Benefit (net)
 
(142
)
 
1.2

 
(3,577
)
 
(3.91
)
Adjusted Operating Results (non-GAAP)
 
$
3,818

 
66.5
 %
 
$
2,097

 
$
2.30

(a) The restructuring charge was tax effected using rates reflective of the applicable tax amounts for each component of the restructuring charge.
(b) For 2017, $85 million of the $325 million restructuring charge was reclassified to non-operating income (expense)as a result of the adoption of an accounting standard update related to the presentation of net pension and other post-retirement benefit costs.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 36

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Free Cash Flow and Adjusted Free Cash Flow
Management believes that free cash flow is useful to investors as it is important in evaluating the Company’s financial performance. More specifically, free cash flow measures cash generated by the business after reinvestment. This measure represents cash available for both equity and bond investors to be used for dividends, share repurchases or principal reduction on outstanding debt. Free cash flow should be considered in addition to, rather than a substitute for, cash provided by operating activities. Free cash flow is calculated by using net cash from operations and adjusting for property additions and certain other investing activities, which includes proceeds from property dispositions. The increase in free cash flow from the prior year of $1.6 billion is primarily due to higher earnings from operations which includes the impact of a lower income tax rate, a decrease in property additions of $295 million and higher proceeds from property dispositions of $222 million.

Adjusted free cash flow excludes the impact of cash payments for restructuring charge. Adjusted free cash flow before dividends increased $1.5 billion year-over-year to $3.2 billion due to higher earnings from operations which includes the impact of a lower income tax rate, a decrease in property additions of $295 million and higher proceeds from property dispositions of $222 million, partially offset by $124 million lower cash payments for restructuring charge.
 
The following table reconciles cash provided by operating activities (GAAP measure) to free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow (both non-GAAP measures).   

 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
(Dollars in Millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
4,641

 
$
3,472

 
$
3,041

Property additions
(1,745
)
 
(2,040
)
 
(2,398
)
Other investing activities
292

 
134

 
204

Free Cash Flow, before dividends (non-GAAP)
$
3,188

 
$
1,566

 
$
847

Add back: Cash Payments for Restructuring Charge (after-tax) (a)
$
11

 
$
135

 
$
—

Adjusted Free Cash Flow, before dividends (non-GAAP)
$
3,199

 
$
1,701

 
$
847

(a) The restructuring charge impact to free cash flow was tax effected using the applicable tax rate of the charge. During 2018 and 2017, the Company made cash payments of $15 million and $187 million, respectively, related to the restructuring charge. Also in 2017, the Company made $30 million in payments to a former CEO and a former President for previously accrued non-qualified pension benefits that are not included in the restructuring charge.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 37

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Operating Statistics (Estimated)
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
 
Improvement/ 
(Deterioration)
Operations Performance
 
 
 
 
 
Train Velocity (Miles per hour)(a)
17.9

 
15.1

 
19
 %
Dwell (Hours)(a)
9.6

 
11.3

 
15
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue Ton- Miles (Billions)
 
 
 
 
 
Merchandise
128.1

 
124.0

 
3
 %
Coal
45.5

 
43.3

 
5
 %
Intermodal
29.3

 
28.8

 
2
 %
Total Revenue Ton-Miles
202.9

 
196.1

 
3
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Gross Ton-Miles (Billions)
402.7

 
400.1

 
1
 %
On-Time Originations
82
%
 
80
%
 
3
 %
On-Time Arrivals
60
%
 
56
%
 
7
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Safety
 
 
 
 
 
FRA Personal Injury Frequency Index
0.99

 
1.22

 
19
 %
FRA Train Accident Rate
3.45

 
3.07

 
(12
)%
(a) The methodology for calculating train velocity and dwell differ from that prescribed by the STB. CSXT will continue to report train velocity and dwell, using the prescribed methodology, to the STB on a weekly basis. See additional discussion on the Company's website.

Certain operating statistics are estimated and can continue to be updated as actuals settle.

Key Performance Measures Definitions
Train Velocity - Average train speed between origin and destination in miles per hour (does not include locals, yard jobs, work trains or passenger trains). Train velocity measures the profiled schedule of trains (from departure to arrival and all interim time), and train profiles are periodically updated to align with a changing operation.
Dwell - Average amount of time in hours between car arrival to and departure from the yard.
Revenue Ton-Miles (RTM's) - The movement of one revenue-producing ton of freight over a distance of one mile.
Gross Ton-Miles (GTM's) - The movement of one ton of train weight over one mile. GTM's are calculated by multiplying total train weight by distance the train moved. Total train weight is comprised of the weight of the freight cars and their contents.
On-Time Originations - Percent of scheduled road trains that depart the origin yard on-time or ahead of schedule.
On-Time Arrivals - Percent of scheduled road trains that arrive at the destination yard on-time.
FRA Personal Injury Frequency Index - Number of FRA-reportable injuries per 200,000 man-hours.
FRA Train Accident Rate - Number of FRA-reportable train accidents per million train-miles.

The Company strives for continuous improvement in safety and service performance through training, innovation and investment. Investment in training and technology also is designed to allow the Company's employees to have an additional layer of protection that can detect and avoid many types of human factor incidents. Safety programs are designed to prevent incidents that can adversely impact employees, customers and communities. Continued capital investment in the Company's assets, including track, bridges, signals, equipment and detection technology also supports safety performance.

The Company’s FRA reportable personal injury frequency index of 0.99 for the full year of 2018 improved 19% versus the prior year as overall injuries fell by 27%, outpacing a reduction in man-hours. The Company’s FRA train accident frequency rate of 3.45 for the full year was 12% unfavorable versus the prior year. Safety performance improved in the second half reflecting the changes made in safety leadership, engagement with external resources and the Company’s renewed focus on enhancing the overall safety of its employees, customers and communities in which the company operates.

Operating performance improved significantly throughout the year as train velocity and car dwell achieved record levels in 2018. The operational plan remains focused on delivering further service gains, improving transit times and driving asset utilization while controlling costs.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 38

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity is a company’s ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet both current and future needs for obligations as they mature and to provide for planned capital expenditures, including those to address regulatory and legislative requirements. To have a complete picture of a company’s liquidity, its sources and uses of cash, balance sheet and external factors should be reviewed.

Significant Cash Flows
The following charts highlight the components of the change in cash and cash equivalents for operating, investing and financing activities for full years 2018, 2017 and 2016.
chart-223633136286543ebf0a01.jpgchart-2a6a9652ff0a506b953a01.jpgchart-c571ceaa5a2d50bf915a01.jpg
In 2018, the Company generated $4.6 billion of cash provided by operating activities which was $1.2 billion higher than prior year primarily driven by higher cash-generating income which includes the impact of a lower income tax rate, partially offset by lower working capital and other activities. In 2017, the Company generated $3.5 billion of cash provided by operating activities which was $431 million higher than 2016 primarily driven by $250 million in voluntary contributions in 2016 to the Company's qualified pension plans and higher net earnings in 2017, partially offset by payments related to restructuring activities.

In 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $1.7 billion, an increase of $189 million from the prior year primarily driven by an increase in net investment purchases, partially offset by lower property additions and higher proceeds from property dispositions. In 2017, net cash used in investing activities was $1.5 billion, a decrease of $303 million from 2016 primarily driven by lower property additions.

In 2018, net cash used in financing activities was $2.5 billion, which represents an increase of $321 million from the prior year primarily driven by higher share repurchases, partially offset by higher net debt issued. In 2017, net cash used in financing activities was $2.2 billion, which represented an increase in spending of $911 million from 2016 primarily driven by higher share repurchases and lower net debt issued, partially offset by the repayment of seller-financed assets in the prior year.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 39

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Sources of Cash and Liquidity
The Company has multiple sources of liquidity, including cash generated from operations and financing sources. The Company filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC in February 2016 which is unlimited as to amount and may be used to issue debt or equity securities at CSX’s discretion, subject to market conditions and CSX Board authorization. While CSX seeks to give itself flexibility with respect to cash requirements, there can be no assurance that market conditions would permit CSX to sell such securities on acceptable terms at any given time, or at all. In 2018, CSX issued a total of $3.0 billion of new long-term debt.

CSX has access to a $1 billion five-year unsecured revolving credit facility backed by a diverse syndicate of banks that expires in May 2020. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding balances under this facility. See Note 9, Debt and Credit Agreements for more information. The Company also has a commercial paper program, backed by the revolving credit facility, under which the Company may issue unsecured commercial paper notes up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion outstanding at any one time. At December 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding debt under the commercial paper program.

Uses of Cash
CSX uses current cash balances for general corporate purposes, which may include working capital requirements, repayment of additional indebtedness outstanding from time to time, repurchases of CSX's common stock, capital investments, improvements in productivity and other cost reduction initiatives.

In 2018, CSX continued to invest in its business to create long-term value for shareholders. The Company is committed to maintaining and improving its existing infrastructure and to positioning itself for long-term, profitable growth through optimizing network and terminal capacity. Funds used for property additions are further described below.
 
Fiscal Years
Capital Expenditures (Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Track
$
771

 
$
733

 
$
714

Bridges, Signals and Other
491

 
570

 
433

Total Infrastructure
1,262

 
1,303

 
1,147

Capacity and Commercial Facilities
246

 
417

 
447

Regulatory (including PTC)
225

 
284

 
313

Freight Cars
9

 
20

 
82

Locomotives
3

 
16

 
409

Total Property Additions
1,745

 
2,040

 
2,398

Cash paid for new assets using seller financing (a)
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
307

Total Capital Expenditures
$
1,745

 
2,040

 
2,705

(a)
In 2016, CSX made payments related to locomotive purchases made in 2015 using seller financing of $307 million.

Planned capital investments for 2019 are expected to be between $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion, including approximately $100 million for PTC. Of the 2019 investment, over half will be used to sustain the core infrastructure. The remaining amounts will be allocated to projects supporting service enhancements, productivity initiatives and profitable growth. CSX intends to fund capital investments through cash generated from operations.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 40

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

The Company expects to continue incurring capital costs in connection with the implementation of PTC. CSX estimates that the total multi-year cost of PTC implementation will be approximately $2.4 billion. This estimate includes costs for installing the new system along tracks, upgrading locomotives, adding communication equipment and developing new technologies. Total PTC spending through 2018 was $2.2 billion.

CSX is continually evaluating market and regulatory conditions that could affect the Company’s ability to generate sufficient returns on capital investments. CSX may revise its future estimates for capital spending as a result of changes in business conditions, tax legislation or the enactment of new laws or regulations which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial performance in the future (see Risk Factors under Item 1A of this Form 10-K).

The Company also uses cash for scheduled payments of debt and leases, share repurchases and to pay dividends to shareholders. In February 2018, the Company announced a 10 percent increase in the quarterly cash dividend to $0.22 per common share.

Material Changes in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Working Capital
CSX's balance sheet reflects its strong capital base and the impact of CSX's balanced approach in deploying capital for the benefit of its shareholders, which includes investments in infrastructure, dividend payments and share repurchases. Further, CSX is well positioned from a liquidity standpoint. The Company ended the year with $1.1 billion of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.

Total assets as well as total liabilities and shareholders' equity increased $990 million from prior year. The increase in assets was primarily due to the net increase in cash and short-term investments of $692 million and higher net properties of $234 million. The increase in cash and short-term investments was primarily a result of net cash from operations of $4.6 billion and the issuance of $3.0 billion in long-term debt, partially offset by share repurchases of $4.7 billion and property additions of $1.7 billion. The increase in total liabilities and shareholders' equity combined was driven by the issuance of $3.0 billion in long-term debt and net earnings of $3.3 billion, partially offset by share repurchases of $4.7 billion and dividends paid of $751 million.

Working capital is considered a measure of a company’s ability to meet its short-term needs. CSX had a working capital surplus of $650 million at December 2018 and $21 million at December 2017. This increase since the prior year end is primarily the result of an increase in cash due to net cash from operations of $4.6 billion and the issuance of $3.0 billion in long-term debt. These increases were partially offset by cash used for share repurchases of $4.7 billion, property additions of $1.7 billion and dividend payments of $751 million.

The Company’s working capital balance varies due to factors such as the timing of scheduled debt payments and changes in cash and cash equivalent balances as discussed above. Although the Company currently has a surplus, a working capital deficit is not unusual for CSX or other companies in the industry and does not indicate a lack of liquidity. The Company continues to maintain adequate current assets to satisfy current liabilities and maturing obligations when they come due. Furthermore, CSX has sufficient financial capacity, including its revolving credit facility, commercial paper program and shelf registration statement to manage its day-to-day cash requirements and any anticipated obligations. The Company from time to time accesses the credit markets for additional liquidity.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 41

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Credit Ratings
Credit ratings reflect an independent agency’s judgment on the likelihood that a borrower will repay a debt obligation at maturity. The ratings reflect many considerations, such as the nature of the borrower’s industry and its competitive position, the size of the company, its liquidity and access to capital and the sensitivity of a company’s cash flows to changes in the economy. The two largest rating agencies, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), use alphanumeric codes to designate their ratings. The highest quality rating for long-term credit obligations is AAA and Aaa for S&P and Moody’s, respectively. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency.
    
The cost and availability of unsecured financing are materially affected by CSX's long-term credit ratings. CSX's credit ratings remained stable during 2018. As of December 2018 and December 2017, S&P's long-term rating on CSX was BBB+ (Stable), and Moody's was Baa1 (Stable). Ratings of BBB- and Baa3 or better by S&P and Moody’s, respectively, reflect ratings on debt obligations that fall within a band of credit quality considered to be investment grade. If CSX's credit ratings were to decline to below investment grade levels, the Company could experience significant increases in its interest cost for new debt. In addition, a decline in CSX’s credit ratings to below investment grade levels could adversely affect the market’s demand, and thus the Company’s ability to readily issue new debt.

CSX is committed to returning cash to shareholders and maintaining an investment grade credit profile. Capital structure, capital investments and cash distributions, including dividends and share repurchases, are reviewed at least annually by the Board of Directors.

SCHEDULE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS

The following tables set forth maturities of the Company's contractual obligations and other significant commitments:
 
Type of Obligation
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Thereafter
Total
(Dollars in Millions) (Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual Obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Debt (See Note 9)
$
18

$
745

$
371

$
192

$
639

$
12,792

$
14,757

Interest on Debt
675

666

627

613

599

10,093

13,273

Purchase Obligations (See Note 7)
242

280

272

275

269

2,699

4,037

Other Post-Employment Benefits (See Note 8) (a)
50

29

27

25

24

103

258

Operating Leases - Net (See Note 7)
55

56

50

46

40

1,309

1,556

Agreements with Conrail (b)
27

27

27

27

27

20

155

Total Contractual Obligations
$
1,067

$
1,803

$
1,374

$
1,178

$
1,598

$
27,016

$
34,036

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Commitments (c)
$
84

$
2

$
2

$
2

$
—

$
—

$
90

(a) Other post-employment benefits include estimated other post-retirement medical and life insurance payments and payments under non-qualified pension plans which are unfunded. No amounts are included for funded pension obligations as no contributions are currently required.
(b) Agreements with Conrail represent minimum future payments of $155 million under the shared asset area agreements (see Note 12, Related Party Transactions).
(c) Other commitments of $90 million consisted of surety bonds, letters of credit, uncertain tax positions and public private partnerships. Surety bonds of $42 million and letters of credit of $28 million arise from assurances issued by a third-party that CSX will fulfill certain obligations and are typically a contract, state, federal or court requirement. Uncertain tax positions of $12 million, which include interest and penalties, are all included in year 2018 as the year of settlement cannot be reasonably estimated. Contractual commitments related to public-private partnerships are $8 million.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 42

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

For detailed information about the Company’s guarantees, operating leases and purchase obligations, see Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies. There are no off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

LABOR AGREEMENTS

Approximately 18,500 of the Company's approximately 22,500 employees are members of a labor union. All 13 rail unions that participate in national bargaining have reached national agreements with the Class I railroads via ratification, executive action or interest arbitration. These agreements are effective January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2019.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires that management make estimates in reporting the amounts of certain assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and certain revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. These estimates and assumptions are discussed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors on a regular basis.  Significant estimates using management judgment are made for the following areas:
•
personal injury, environmental and legal reserves;
•
pension and post-retirement medical plan accounting;
•
depreciation policies for assets under the group-life method; and
•
income taxes. 

Personal Injury, Environmental and Legal Reserves

Personal Injury
Personal Injury reserves of $143 million and $168 million for 2018 and 2017, respectively, represent liabilities for employee work-related and third-party injuries. CSXT retains an independent actuary to assist management in assessing the value of personal injury claims. The methodology used by the actuary includes a development factor to reflect growth or reduction in the value of these personal injury claims. It is based largely on CSXT's historical claims and settlement experience. Actual results may vary from estimates due to the number, type and severity of the injury, costs of medical treatments and uncertainties in litigation. For additional details, including a description of our related accounting policies, see Note 5, Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves in the consolidated financial statements.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 43

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Critical Accounting Estimates, continued

Environmental
Environmental reserves were $80 million and $90 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company is a party to various proceedings related to environmental issues, including administrative and judicial proceedings involving private parties and regulatory agencies. The Company has been identified as a potentially responsible party at approximately 220 environmentally impaired sites. The Company reviews its potential liability with respect to each site identified, giving consideration to a number of factors such as:
•
type of clean-up required;
•
nature of the Company’s alleged connection to the location (e.g., generator of waste sent to the site or owner or operator of the site);
•
extent of the Company’s alleged connection (e.g., volume of waste sent to the location and other relevant factors); and
•
number, connection and financial viability of other named and unnamed potentially responsible parties at the location.

Conditions that are currently unknown could, at any given location, result in additional exposure, the amount and materiality of which cannot presently be reasonably estimated. For additional details, including a description of our related accounting policies, see Note 5, Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves in the consolidated financial statements.

Legal
The Company is involved in litigation incidental to its business and is a party to a number of legal actions and claims, various governmental proceedings and private civil lawsuits. The Company evaluates all exposures relating to legal liabilities at least quarterly and adjusts reserves when appropriate. The amount of a particular reserve may be influenced by factors that include official rulings, newly discovered or developed evidence, or changes in laws, regulations and evidentiary standards. An unexpected adverse resolution of one or more of these items could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity in that particular period. For additional details, including a description of our related accounting policies, see Note 5, Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves in the consolidated financial statements. Additionally, see Item 3. Legal Proceedings for further discussion of these items.

Pension and Post-retirement Medical Plan Accounting
The Company sponsors defined benefit pension plans principally for salaried, management personnel. For employees hired prior to 2003, the plans provide eligible employees with retirement benefits based predominantly on years of service and compensation rates near retirement. For employees hired in 2003 or thereafter, benefits are determined based on a cash balance formula, which provides benefits by utilizing interest and pay credits based upon age, service and compensation. As of December 2018, the projected benefit obligation for the Company’s pension plans was $2.8 billion.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 44

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Critical Accounting Estimates, continued

In addition to these plans, the Company sponsors a post-retirement medical plan and a non-contributory life insurance plan that provide certain benefits to full-time, salaried, management employees, hired prior to 2003, upon their retirement if certain eligibility requirements are met. Beginning in 2019, both the life insurance benefit for eligible active employees and health savings account contributions made by the Company to eligible retirees younger than 65 will be eliminated. Beginning in 2020, the employer-funded health reimbursement arrangements for eligible retirees 65 years or older will be eliminated. As a result of these plan amendments, the Company recognized a decrease of $102 million in the post-retirement benefit liability. As of December 2018, the projected benefit obligation for the Company’s other post-retirement benefit plans was $118 million.

For information related to the funded status of the Company's pension and other post-retirement benefit plans, see Note 8, Employee Benefit Plans.

The accounting for these plans is subject to the guidance provided in the Compensation-Retirement Benefits Topic in the ASC. This rule requires that management make certain assumptions relating to the following:

•
discount rates used to measure future obligations and interest expense;
•
long-term rate of return on plan assets;
•
salary scale inflation rates; and
•
other assumptions.

The Company engages independent actuaries to compute the amounts of liabilities and expenses relating to these plans subject to the assumptions that the Company determines are appropriate based on historical trends, current market rates and future projections. These amounts are reviewed by management.

Discount Rates
Discount rates affect the amount of liability recorded and the service and interest cost components of pension and post-retirement expense.  Discount rates reflect the rates at which pension and other post-retirement benefits could be effectively settled, or in other words, how much it would cost the Company to buy enough high quality bonds to generate cash flow equal to the Company's expected future benefit payments. The Company determines the discount rate based on the market yield as of year-end for high quality corporate bonds whose maturities match the plans' expected benefit payments.

The Company measures the service and interest cost components of the net pension and post-retirement benefits expense by using individual spot rates matched with separate cash flows for each future year instead of a single weighted-average discount rate approach, which was used prior to 2017. Under the spot rate approach, individual spot discount rates along the same high quality corporate bonds yield curve used to measure the pension and post-retirement benefit liabilities are applied to the relevant projected cash flows at the relevant maturity.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 45

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Critical Accounting Estimates, continued

The weighted average discount rates used by the Company to value its 2018 pension and post-retirement obligations are 4.24 percent and 3.98 percent, respectively. For 2017, the weighted average discount rates used by the Company to value its pension and post-retirement obligations were 3.56 percent and 3.34 percent, respectively. Discount rates may differ for pension and post-retirement benefits due to varying duration of the liabilities for projected payments for each plan. As of December 2018, the estimated duration of pensions and post-retirement benefits is approximately 11 years and 6 years, respectively.

Each year, these discount rates are reevaluated and adjusted using the current market interest rates for high quality corporate bonds to reflect the best estimate of the current effective settlement rates. In general, if interest rates decline or rise, the assumed discount rates will change.

Long-term Rate of Return on Plan Assets
The expected long-term average rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. In estimating that rate, the Company gives appropriate consideration to the returns being earned by the plan assets in the funds and the rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment as well as the current and projected asset mix of the funds. Management balances market expectations obtained from various investment managers and economists with both market and actual plan historical returns to develop a reasonable estimate of the expected long-term rate of return on assets. As this assumption is long-term, the annual review may result in less frequent adjustment than other assumptions used in pension accounting. The long-term rate of return on plan assets used by the Company to value its benefit cost for the subsequent plan year was 6.75 percent in both 2018 and 2017.

Salary Scale Inflation Rates
Salary scale inflation rates are based on current trends and historical data accumulated by the Company.  The Company reviews recent wage increases and management incentive compensation payments over the past five years in its assessment of salary scale inflation rates. The Company used a salary scale rate of 4.60 percent in both 2018 and 2017 to value its pension obligations.

Other Assumptions
The calculations made by the actuaries also include assumptions relating to health care cost trend rates, mortality rates, turnover and retirement age. These assumptions are based upon historical data, recent plan experience and industry trends and are determined by management.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 46

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Critical Accounting Estimates, continued

2019 Estimated Pension and Post-retirement Expense
Net periodic pension and post-retirement benefits expenses for 2019 are expected to be a credit of $7 million and $2 million, respectively. Net periodic pension and post-retirement benefits expenses for 2019 are expected to include service cost expense of $32 million and $1 million, respectively. Service cost expense is included in labor and fringe on the consolidated income statement and all other components of net pension expense and post-retirement benefits expense are included in other income - net. Net periodic pension expense and post-retirement benefits expense in 2018 was an $11 million credit and a $7 million expense, respectively. The net increase in the expected credit is primarily due to changes to the post-retirement benefits plan partially offset by unfavorable pension plan asset experience.

The following sensitivity analysis illustrates the effects of a one percent change in certain assumptions like discount rates, long-term rate of return and salaries on the 2019 estimated pension and post-retirement expense:
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Pension Expense
 
Post-Retirement Expense
Discount Rate
 
$
13

 
$
1

Long-term Rate of Return
 
$
26

 
N/A

Salary Inflation
 
$
6

 
N/A


Depreciation Policies for Assets Utilizing the Group-Life Method
The depreciable assets of the Company are depreciated using either the group-life or straight-line method of accounting, which are both acceptable depreciation methods in accordance with GAAP. The Company depreciates its railroad assets, including main-line track, locomotives and freight cars, using the group-life method of accounting. Assets depreciated under the group-life method comprise 87% of total fixed assets of $45 billion on a gross basis at December 2018. The remaining depreciable assets of the Company, including non-railroad assets and assets under capital leases, are depreciated using the straight-line method on a per asset basis. Land is not depreciated.

Management performs a review of depreciation expense and useful lives on a regular basis. Under the group-life method, the service lives and salvage values for each group of assets are determined by completing periodic depreciation studies and applying management’s assumptions regarding the service lives of its properties. There are several factors taken into account during the depreciation study and they include:

•
statistical analysis of historical life and salvage data for each group of property;
•
statistical analysis of historical retirements for each group of property;
•
evaluation of current operations;
•
evaluation of technological advances and maintenance schedules;
•
previous assessment of the condition of the assets;
•
management's outlook on the future use of certain asset groups;
•
expected net salvage to be received upon retirement; and
•
comparison of assets to the same asset groups with other companies.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 47

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Critical Accounting Estimates, continued

Recent experience with depreciation studies has resulted in depreciation rate changes that did not materially affect the Company’s annual depreciation expense of $1.3 billion for each 2018, 2017 and 2016. A one percent change in the average estimated useful life of all group-life assets would result in an approximate $12 million change to the Company’s annual depreciation expense. For additional details, including a more detailed description of our related accounting policies, see Note 6, Properties in the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes
CSX accounts for income taxes in accordance with the Income Taxes Topic in the ASC that addresses how tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this topic, the Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The amount recognized in the financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

CSX files a consolidated federal income tax return, which includes its principal domestic subsidiaries. Examinations of the federal income tax returns of CSX have been completed through 2016. During 2018, the Company participated in a contemporaneous Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) audit of tax years 2017 and 2018. Management believes an adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that might be assessed. While the final outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of CSX management that none of these items will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations or liquidity of CSX. An unexpected adverse resolution of one or more of these items, however, could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations in a particular fiscal quarter or fiscal year. As of December 2018, the Company’s uncertain tax positions were $12 million.

New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Policy
See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies under the caption, “New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Policy.”


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 48

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
Certain statements in this report and in other materials filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made by the Company, are forward-looking statements. The Company intends for all such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act may contain, among others, statements regarding:

•
projections and estimates of earnings, revenues, margins, volumes, rates, cost-savings, expenses, taxes or other financial items;

•
expectations as to results of operations and operational initiatives;
•
expectations as to the effect of claims, lawsuits, environmental costs, commitments, contingent liabilities, labor negotiations or agreements on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity;
•
management's plans, strategies and objectives for future operations, capital expenditures, workforce levels, dividends, share repurchases, safety and service performance, proposed new services and other matters that are not historical facts, and management's expectations as to future performance and operations and the time by which objectives will be achieved; and
•
future economic, industry or market conditions or performance and their effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as "will," "should," “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “estimate,” “preliminary” and similar expressions. The Company cautions against placing undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect its good faith beliefs with respect to future events and are based on information currently available to it as of the date the forward-looking statement is made.  Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the timing when, or by which, such performance or results will be achieved.
 
Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and actual performance or results could differ materially from those anticipated by any forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement. If the Company does update any forward-looking statement, no inference should be drawn that the Company will make additional updates with respect to that statement or any other forward-looking statements.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 49

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

The following important factors, in addition to those discussed in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors and elsewhere in this report, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by any forward-looking statements:

•
legislative, regulatory or legal developments involving transportation, including rail or intermodal transportation, the environment, hazardous materials, taxation, international trade and initiatives to further regulate the rail industry;
•
the outcome of litigation, claims and other contingent liabilities, including, but not limited to, those related to fuel surcharge, environmental matters, taxes, shipper and rate claims subject to adjudication, personal injuries and occupational illnesses;
•
changes in domestic or international economic, political or business conditions, including those affecting the transportation industry (such as the impact of industry competition, conditions, performance and consolidation) and the level of demand for products carried by CSXT;
•
natural events such as severe weather conditions, including floods, fire, hurricanes and earthquakes, a pandemic crisis affecting the health of the Company's employees, its shippers or the consumers of goods, or other unforeseen disruptions of the Company's operations, systems, property, equipment or supply chain;
•
competition from other modes of freight transportation, such as trucking, and competition and consolidation or financial distress within the transportation industry generally;
•
the cost of compliance with laws and regulations that differ from expectations (including those associated with PTC implementation) as well as costs, penalties and operational and liquidity impacts associated with noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations;
•
the impact of increased passenger activities in capacity-constrained areas, including potential effects of high speed rail initiatives, or regulatory changes affecting when CSXT can transport freight or service routes;
•
unanticipated conditions in the financial markets that may affect timely access to capital markets and the cost of capital, as well as management's decisions regarding share repurchases;
•
changes in fuel prices, surcharges for fuel and the availability of fuel;
•
the impact of natural gas prices on coal-fired electricity generation;
•
the impact of global supply and price of seaborne coal on CSX's export coal market;
•
availability of insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates or insufficient insurance coverage to cover claims or damages;
•
the inherent business risks associated with safety and security, including the transportation of hazardous materials or a cybersecurity attack which would threaten the availability and vulnerability of information technology;
•
adverse economic or operational effects from actual or threatened war or terrorist activities and any governmental response;

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 50

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

•
loss of key personnel or the inability to hire and retain qualified employees;
•
labor and benefit costs and labor difficulties, including stoppages affecting either the Company's operations or customers' ability to deliver goods to the Company for shipment;
•
the Company's success in implementing its strategic, financial and operational initiatives;
•
the impact of conditions in the real estate market on the Company's ability to sell assets;
•
changes in operating conditions and costs or commodity concentrations; and
•
the inherent uncertainty associated with projecting economic and business conditions.
Other important assumptions and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are specified elsewhere in this report and in CSX's other SEC reports, which are accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov and the Company's website at www.csx.com. The information on the CSX website is not part of this annual report on Form 10-K.

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
CSX does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Historically, the Company has used derivative financial instruments to address market risk exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. As of December 2018, CSX does not have a material amount of floating rate debt obligations outstanding, and therefore fluctuations in the interest rate would not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Changes in interest rates could impact the fair value of the Company's fixed rate long-term debt. The potential decrease in fair value of the Company's fixed rate long-term debt resulting from a hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates, or approximately 25 basis points, is estimated to be $472 million as of December 31, 2018 and $403 million as of December 31, 2017. The underlying fair values of our long-term debt were estimated based on quoted market prices or on the current rates offered for debt with similar terms and maturities.




CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 51
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
 
 
 
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
 
 
CSX Corporation
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
Herewith:
 
 
  
 
Consolidated Income Statements for the Fiscal Years Ended:
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
December 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements for the Fiscal Years Ended:
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
December 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of:
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Cash Flow Statements for Fiscal Years Ended:
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
December 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity:
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
December 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 52
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of CSX Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CSX Corporation (the Company) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in shareholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 6, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion
 
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1981.

Jacksonville, Florida
February 6, 2019

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 53
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Revenue
$
12,250

 
$
11,408

 
$
11,069

Expense
 
 
 
 
 
Labor and Fringe
2,738

 
2,946

 
3,135

Materials, Supplies and Other
1,967

 
2,113

 
2,092

Depreciation
1,331

 
1,315

 
1,301

Fuel
1,046

 
864

 
713

Equipment and Other Rents
395

 
429

 
465

Restructuring Charge (Note 1)
—

 
240

 
—

Equity Earnings of Affiliates
(96
)
 
(219
)
 
(50
)
Total Expense
7,381

 
7,688

 
7,656

 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income
4,869

 
3,720

 
3,413

 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Expense
(639
)
 
(546
)
 
(579
)
Debt Repurchase Expense
—

 
—

 
(115
)
Restructuring Charge - Non-Operating (Note 1)
—

 
(85
)
 
—

Other Income - Net (Note 10)
74

 
53

 
22

Earnings Before Income Taxes
4,304

 
3,142

 
2,741

 
 
 
 
 
 
Income Tax (Expense) Benefit (Note 11)
(995
)
 
2,329

 
(1,027
)
Net Earnings
$
3,309

 
$
5,471

 
$
1,714

 
 
 
 
 
 
Per Common Share (Note 2)
 
 
 
 
 
Net Earnings Per Share
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
3.86

 
$
6.01

 
$
1.81

Assuming Dilution
$
3.84

 
$
5.99

 
$
1.81

 
 
 
 
 
 
Average Common Shares Outstanding (Millions)
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
857

 
911

 
947

Assuming Dilution
861

 
914

 
948

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Dividends Paid Per Common Share
$
0.88

 
$
0.78

 
$
0.72


Certain prior year data has been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 54
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENTS
(Dollars in Millions)

 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
2017
2016
Net Earnings
$
3,309

$
5,471

$
1,714

Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income - Net of Tax:
 
 
 
Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits
(164
)
140

21

Other
(11
)
14

4

Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
(175
)
154

25

Comprehensive Earnings (Note 14)
$
3,134

$
5,625

$
1,739


See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.





































CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 55
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in Millions)
 
December
 
December
 
2018
 
2017
ASSETS
Current Assets:
 
 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents (Note 1)
$
858

 
$
401

Short-term Investments
253

 
18

Accounts Receivable - Net (Note 1)
1,010

 
970

Materials and Supplies
263

 
372

Other Current Assets
181

 
154

Total Current Assets
2,565

 
1,915

 
 
 
 
Properties
44,805

 
44,324

Accumulated Depreciation
(12,807
)
 
(12,560
)
Properties - Net (Note 6)
31,998

 
31,764

 
 
 
 
Investment in Conrail (Note 12)
943

 
907

Affiliates and Other Companies
836

 
779

Other Long-term Assets
387

 
374

Total Assets
$
36,729

 
$
35,739

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts Payable
$
949

 
$
847

Labor and Fringe Benefits Payable
550

 
602

Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves (Note 5)
113

 
108

Current Maturities of Long-term Debt (Note 9)
18

 
19

Income and Other Taxes Payable
106

 
157

Other Current Liabilities
179

 
161

Total Current Liabilities
1,915

 
1,894

 
 
 
 
Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves (Note 5)
211

 
266

Long-term Debt (Note 9)
14,739

 
11,790

Deferred Income Taxes - Net (Note 11)
6,690

 
6,418

Other Long-term Liabilities
594

 
650

Total Liabilities
24,149

 
21,018

 
 
 
 
Shareholders' Equity:
 

 
 

Common Stock, $1 Par Value (Note 3)
818

 
890

Other Capital
249

 
217

Retained Earnings (Note 1)
12,157

 
14,084

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Note 14)
(661
)
 
(486
)
Noncontrolling Minority Interest
17

 
16

Total Shareholders' Equity
12,580

 
14,721

Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
$
36,729

 
$
35,739



Certain prior year data has been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 56
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENTS
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
Net Earnings
$
3,309

 
$
5,471

 
$
1,714

Adjustments to Reconcile Net Earnings to Net Cash
 
 
 

 
 

Provided by Operating Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
1,331

 
1,315

 
1,301

Restructuring Charge (Note 1)
—

 
325

 
—

Cash Payments for Restructuring Charge
(15
)
 
(187
)
 
—

Deferred Income Taxes
279

 
(3,233
)
 
405

Earnings of Equity-method Investments
(96
)
 
(219
)
 
(50
)
Contributions to Qualified Pension Plans (Note 8)
—

 
—

 
(250
)
Gain on Property Dispositions
(154
)
 
(18
)
 
(128
)
Other Operating Activities
(21
)
 
(17
)
 
(20
)
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities:

 
 
 
 
Accounts Receivable
(46
)
 
(70
)
 
84

Other Current Assets
101

 
1

 
(113
)
Accounts Payable
104

 
41

 
40

Income and Other Taxes Payable
(104
)
 
20

 
23

Other Current Liabilities
(47
)
 
43

 
35

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
4,641

 
3,472

 
3,041

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
Property Additions
(1,745
)
 
(2,040
)
 
(2,398
)
Purchase of Short-term Investments
(736
)
 
(782
)
 
(929
)
Proceeds from Sales of Short-term Investments
505

 
1,193

 
1,325

Proceeds from Property Dispositions
319

 
97

 
195

Other Investing Activities
(27
)
 
37

 
9

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
(1,684
)
 
(1,495
)
 
(1,798
)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term Debt Issued (Note 9)
3,000

 
850

 
2,200

Long-term Debt Repaid (Note 9)
(19
)
 
(333
)
 
(1,419
)
Dividends Paid
(751
)
 
(708
)
 
(680
)
Shares Repurchased
(4,671
)
 
(1,970
)
 
(1,056
)
Other Financing Activities
(59
)
 
(18
)
 
(313
)
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
(2,500
)
 
(2,179
)
 
(1,268
)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
457

 
(202
)
 
(25
)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
401

 
603

 
628

Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
$
858

 
$
401

 
$
603

 
 
 
 
 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Paid - Net of Amounts Capitalized
$
614

 
$
555

 
$
606

Income Taxes Paid
$
814

 
$
911

 
$
580

Certain prior year data has been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 57
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES
IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Common Shares Outstanding (Thousands)
Common Stock and Other Capital
Retained Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
(Loss) (a)
Non-
controlling Interest
Total Shareholders' Equity
December 25, 2015
965,514

$
1,079

$
11,238

$
(665
)
$
16

$
11,668

Comprehensive Earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Earnings
—

 
—

1,714

—

—

1,714

Other Comprehensive Income (Note 14)
—

 
—

—

25

—

25

Total Comprehensive Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,739

Common stock dividends, $0.72 per share
—

 
—

(680
)
—

—

(680
)
Share Repurchases
(38,379
)
 
(38
)
(1,018
)
—

—

(1,056
)
Bond Conversions
94

 
1

—

—

—

1

Other
951

 
24

(1
)
—

(1
)
22

December 30, 2016
928,180

 
1,066

11,253

(640
)
15

11,694

Comprehensive Earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Earnings
—

 
—

5,471

—

—

5,471

Other Comprehensive Income (Note 14)
—

 
—

—

154

—

154

Total Comprehensive Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,625

Common stock dividends, $0.78 per share
—

 
—

(708
)
—

—

(708
)
Share Repurchases
(38,785
)
 
(39
)
(1,931
)
—

—

(1,970
)
Other
456

 
80

(1
)
—

1

80

December 31, 2017
889,851

 
1,107

14,084

(486
)
16

14,721

Comprehensive Earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Earnings
—

 
—

3,309

—

—

3,309

Other Comprehensive Income (Note 14)
—

 
—

—

(175
)
—

(175
)
Total Comprehensive Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,134

Common stock dividends, $0.88 per share
—

 
—

(751
)
—

—

(751
)
Share Repurchases
(72,264
)
 
(72
)
(4,599
)
—

—

(4,671
)
Other
593

 
32

114

—

1

147

December 31, 2018
818,180

$
1,067

$
12,157

$
(661
)
$
17

$
12,580


(a) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss year-end balances shown above are net of tax. The associated taxes were $180 million, $162 million and $335 million for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For additional information see Note 14, Other Comprehensive Income.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 58
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1.  Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Business
CSX Corporation (“CSX”), together with its subsidiaries (the “Company”), based in Jacksonville, Florida, is one of the nation's leading transportation companies. The Company provides rail-based transportation services including traditional rail service, the transport of intermodal containers and trailers, as well as other transportation services such as rail-to-truck transfers and bulk commodity operations.

CSX Transportation, Inc.
CSX’s principal operating subsidiary, CSX Transportation, Inc. (“CSXT”), provides an important link to the transportation supply chain through its approximately 20,500 route mile rail network, which serves major population centers in 23 states east of the Mississippi River, the District of Columbia and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. It has access to over 70 ocean, river and lake port terminals along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, the Mississippi River, the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway. The Company’s intermodal business links customers to railroads via trucks and terminals. CSXT also serves thousands of production and distribution facilities through track connections to approximately 230 short-line and regional railroads.

CSXT is also responsible for the Company's real estate sales, leasing, acquisition and management and development activities after a merger with CSX Real Property, Inc., a former wholly-owned CSX subsidiary, on July 1, 2017. In addition, as substantially all real estate sales, leasing, acquisition and management and development activities are focused on supporting railroad operations, all results of these activities are included in operating income beginning in 2017. Previously, the results of these activities were classified as operating or non-operating based on the nature of the activity and were not material for any prior periods presented.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 59
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 1.  Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Lines of Business
During 2018, the Company's services generated $12.3 billion of revenue and served three primary lines of business: merchandise, coal and intermodal.

•
The merchandise business shipped 2.7 million carloads (41 percent of volume) and generated 61 percent of revenue in 2018. The Company’s merchandise business is comprised of shipments in the following diverse markets: chemicals, automotive, agricultural and food products, minerals, fertilizers, forest products, and metals and equipment.
•
The coal business shipped 887 thousand carloads (14 percent of volume) and generated 18 percent of revenue in 2018. The Company transports domestic coal, coke and iron ore to electricity-generating power plants, steel manufacturers and industrial plants as well as export coal to deep-water port facilities. Roughly one-third of export coal and the majority of the domestic coal that the Company transports is used for generating electricity.
•
The intermodal business shipped 2.9 million units (45 percent of volume) and generated 16 percent of revenue in 2018. The intermodal business combines the superior economics of rail transportation with the short-haul flexibility of trucks and offers a cost advantage over long-haul trucking. Through a network of more than 30 terminals, the intermodal business serves all major markets east of the Mississippi River and transports mainly manufactured consumer goods in containers, providing customers with truck-like service for longer shipments.

Other revenue accounted for 5 percent of the Company’s total revenue in 2018. This revenue category includes revenue from regional subsidiary railroads, demurrage, revenue for customer volume commitments not met, switching, other incidental charges and adjustments to revenue reserves. Revenue from regional railroads includes shipments by railroads that the Company does not directly operate. Demurrage represents charges assessed when freight cars or other equipment are held beyond a specified period of time. Switching revenue is primarily generated when CSXT switches cars for a customer or another railroad.

Other Entities
In addition to CSXT, the Company’s subsidiaries include CSX Intermodal Terminals, Inc. (“CSX Intermodal Terminals”), Total Distribution Services, Inc. (“TDSI”), Transflo Terminal Services, Inc. (“Transflo”), CSX Technology, Inc. (“CSX Technology”) and other subsidiaries. CSX Intermodal Terminals owns and operates a system of intermodal terminals, predominantly in the eastern United States and also performs drayage services (the pickup and delivery of intermodal shipments) for certain customers and trucking dispatch operations. TDSI serves the automotive industry with distribution centers and storage locations. Transflo connects non-rail served customers to the many benefits of rail by transferring products from rail to trucks. The biggest Transflo markets are chemicals and agriculture, which includes shipments of plastics and ethanol. CSX Technology and other subsidiaries provide support services for the Company.

Employees
The Company's number of employees was approximately 22,500 as of December 2018, which includes approximately 18,500 union employees. Most of the Company’s employees provide or support transportation services.
 

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 60
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 1.  Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Basis of Presentation
In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all normal, recurring adjustments necessary to fairly present the financial position of CSX and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016. In addition, management has evaluated and disclosed all material events occurring subsequent to the date of the financial statements up to the date this annual report is filed on Form 10-K.

Fiscal Year
Through the second quarter 2017, CSX followed a 52/53 week fiscal reporting calendar with the last day of each reporting period ending on a Friday. On July 7, 2017, the Board of Directors of CSX approved a change in the fiscal reporting calendar from a 52/53 week year ending on the last Friday of December to a calendar year ending on December 31 each year, effective beginning with fiscal third quarter 2017. Related to the change in the fiscal calendar:

•
Year:
–
2018 contained 365 days (January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018)
–
2017 contained 366 days (December 31, 2016 through December 31, 2017)
–
2016 contained 371 days (December 26, 2015 through December 30, 2016)
•
First quarter:
–
2018 contained 90 days (January 1, 2018 through March 31, 2018)
–
2017 contained 91 days (December 31, 2016 through March 31, 2017)
–
2016 contained 91 days (December 26, 2015 through March 25, 2016)
•
Second quarter:
–
2018 contained 91 days (April 1, 2018 through June 30, 2018)
–
2017 contained 91 days (April 1, 2017 through June 30, 2017)
–
2016 contained 91 days (March 26, 2016 through June 24, 2016)
•
Third quarter:
–
2018 contained 92 days (July 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018)
–
2017 contained 92 days (July 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017)
–
2016 contained 91 days (June 25, 2016 through September 23, 2016)
•
Fourth quarter:
–
2018 contained 92 days (October 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018)
–
2017 contained 92 days (October 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017)
–
2016 contained 98 days (September 24, 2016 through December 30, 2016)


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 61
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 1.  Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, continued

This change did not materially impact comparability of the Company’s financial results for fiscal years 2017 and 2016. Accordingly, the change to a calendar fiscal year was made on a prospective basis and operating results for prior periods were not adjusted. The Company was not required to file a transition report because this change was not deemed a change in fiscal year for purposes of reporting subject to Rule 13a-10 or Rule 15d-10 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as the new fiscal year commenced with the end of the prior fiscal year end and within seven days of the prior fiscal year end. Except as otherwise specified, references to full years indicate CSX’s fiscal years ended on December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and December 30, 2016.
    
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include results of operations of CSX and subsidiaries over which CSX has majority ownership or financial control. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Most investments in companies that were not majority-owned were carried at cost (if less than 20% owned and the Company has no significant influence) or were accounted for under the equity method (if the Company has significant influence but does not have control). These investments are reported within Investment in Conrail or Affiliates and Other Companies on the consolidated balance sheets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
On a daily basis, cash in excess of current operating requirements is invested in various highly liquid investments having a typical maturity date of three months or less at the date of acquisition. These investments are carried at cost, which approximated market value, and are classified as cash equivalents.

Investments
Investments in instruments with original maturities greater than three months that will mature in less than one year are classified as short-term investments. Investments with original maturities of one year or greater are initially classified within other long-term assets, and the classification is re-evaluated at each balance sheet date.

Materials and Supplies
Materials and supplies in the consolidated balance sheets are carried at average costs and consist primarily of fuel and parts used in the repair and maintenance of CSXT’s freight car and locomotive fleets, equipment and track structure.

New Accounting Pronouncements
Pronouncements adopted in 2018
In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which permits entities to reclassify tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of tax reform to retained earnings. Companies that elect to reclassify these amounts must reclassify stranded tax effects for all items accounted for in accumulated other comprehensive income. The Company adopted this standard update in first quarter 2018 and applied it prospectively. Adoption resulted in the reclassification of $107 million in tax effects related to employee benefit plans from accumulated other comprehensive loss, increasing retained earnings by the same amount.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 62
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 1.  Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, continued

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, which requires that only the service cost component of net periodic benefit costs be recorded as compensation cost in operating expense on the consolidated income statement. All other components of net periodic benefit cost (interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of net loss, special termination benefits and settlement and curtailment effects) should be presented as non-operating charges on the consolidated income statement. If these non-operating charges are related to prior year restructuring activities, they are presented as restructuring charge - non-operating. Other non-operating charges are presented as other income - net. The Company adopted the provisions of this standard during first quarter 2018 and applied them retrospectively. The retrospective impact of adoption for fiscal years 2017 and 2016 is shown in the following table.

 
Fiscal Year 2017
 
Fiscal Year 2016
(Dollars in millions)
As Previously Reported
Reclass
As Reclassified
 
As Previously Reported
Reclass
As Reclassified
Operating Expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Labor and Fringe
$
2,914

$
32

$
2,946

 
$
3,159

$
(24
)
$
3,135

Restructuring Charge
325

(85
)
240

 
—

—

—

Non-Operating Income (Expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restructuring Charge - Non-Operating
$
—

$
(85
)
$
(85
)
 
$
—

$
—

$
—

Other Income - Net
21

32

53

 
46

(24
)
22


In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes previous revenue recognition guidance. The new standard requires that a company recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In-depth reviews of commercial contracts were completed and changes to processes and internal controls to meet the standard’s reporting and disclosure requirements were implemented. The Company adopted the guidance effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption did not affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Disclosures related to the nature, amount and timing of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers are included in Note 16, Revenues.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 63
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 1.    Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Pronouncements to be adopted    
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU, Leases, which will require lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding lease liability, and lessors to recognize a net lease investment. Additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures will also be required. This standard update is effective for CSX beginning with the first quarter 2019 and the Company plans to adopt it using the cumulative-effect adjustment transition method approved by the FASB in July 2018. Changes to processes and internal controls to meet the standard’s reporting and disclosure requirements have been identified and are being implemented. Software has been implemented that will assist in the recognition of additional assets and liabilities to be included on the balance sheet related to leases currently classified as operating leases with durations greater than twelve months, with certain allowable exceptions. In addition to lease agreements, service contracts and other agreements have been reviewed to determine if they contain an embedded lease. The Company expects that adoption of this standard update will result in right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $650 million being reported on the consolidated balance sheet beginning first quarter 2019, but will not materially impact operating results or liquidity.

In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU Leases - Land Easement Practical Expedient, which permits entities to forgo the evaluation of existing land easement arrangements to determine if they contain a lease as part of the adoption of the Leases ASU issued in February 2016. Accordingly, the Company’s accounting treatment of existing land easements will not change. CSX will adopt this standard update concurrently with the Leases ASU issued in February 2016. New land easement arrangements, or modifications to existing arrangements, after the adoption of the standard update will still be evaluated to determine if they meet the definition of a lease.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires that management make estimates in reporting the amounts of certain assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of certain revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Critical accounting estimates using management judgment are made for the following areas:

•
personal injury, environmental and legal reserves (see Note 5, Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves);
•
pension and post-retirement medical plan accounting (see Note 8, Employee Benefit Plans);
•
depreciation policies for assets under the group-life method (see Note 6, Properties); and
•
income taxes (see Note 11, Income Taxes).


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 64
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 1.    Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies, continued

Restructuring Charge
Through an involuntary separation program with enhanced benefits to further its strategic objectives, CSX reduced its management workforce by approximately 950 employees during 2017. The Company was focused on driving efficiencies through process improvement and responding to business mix shifts. These management reductions were designed to further streamline general and administrative and operating support functions to speed decision making and further control costs. The involuntary separation program was essentially completed in April 2017.

The prior year restructuring charge includes costs related to the management workforce reduction program, executive retirements, reimbursement arrangements with MR Argent Advisor LLC (“Mantle Ridge”) and the Company’s former President and Chief Executive Officer, E. Hunter Harrison, the proration of equity awards and other advisory costs related to the leadership transition. Payments related to the 2017 restructuring charge were substantially complete as of March 31, 2018.

Expenses related to the management workforce reduction and other restructuring costs during 2017 are shown in the following table.
 
Fiscal Year 2017
(Dollars in millions)
As Previously Reported
 
Operating Restructuring Charge
 
Non-Operating Restructuring Charge
Severance and Pension
$
154

 
$
98

 
$
56

Other Post-Retirement Benefits Curtailment
17

 
—

 
17

Employee Equity Awards Proration and Other
23

 
23

 
—

Subtotal Management Workforce Reduction
$
194

 
$
121

 
$
73

Reimbursement Arrangements
84

 
84

 
—

Executive Equity Awards Proration
24

 
24

 
—

Pension Settlement Charge
12

 
—

 
12

Advisory Fees Related to Shareholder Matters
11

 
11

 
—

Total Restructuring Charge
$
325

 
$
240

 
$
85


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 65
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 2.  Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic earnings per share and earnings per share, assuming dilution:
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Numerator (Dollars in Millions):
 
 
 
Net Earnings
$
3,309

 
$
5,471

 
$
1,714

Dividend Equivalents on Restricted Stock
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net Earnings, Attributable to Common Shareholders
$
3,308

 
$
5,470

 
$
1,713

 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator (Units in Millions):
 
 
 
 
 
Average Common Shares Outstanding
857

 
911

 
947

Other Potentially Dilutive Common Shares
4

 
3

 
1

Average Common Shares Outstanding, Assuming Dilution
861

 
914

 
948

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Earnings Per Share, Basic
$
3.86

 
$
6.01

 
$
1.81

Net Earnings Per Share, Assuming Dilution
$
3.84

 
$
5.99

 
$
1.81


Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Earnings per share, assuming dilution, is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding and common stock equivalents adjusted for the effects of common stock that may be issued as a result of potentially dilutive instruments. CSX's potentially dilutive instruments are made up of equity awards including performance units and employee stock options.

When calculating diluted earnings per share, CSX is required to include the potential shares that would be outstanding if all outstanding stock options were exercised. This number is different from outstanding stock options, which is included in Note 4, Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, because it is offset by shares CSX could repurchase using the proceeds from these hypothetical exercises to obtain the common stock equivalent. Approximately 479 thousand, 7.6 million and 2.8 million of total average outstanding stock options for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because their effect was antidilutive.

Share Repurchases
Share repurchases under the $2 billion program announced in April 2015 were completed in April 2017. The Company subsequently announced a $1 billion share repurchase program in April 2017, with additional authority of $500 million added in July 2017. Repurchases under that program were completed on October 2, 2017. The Company announced a new $1.5 billion share repurchase program on October 25, 2017.

In February 2018, the Company announced an increase to the $1.5 billion share repurchase program first announced in October 2017, bringing the total authorized to $5 billion. This program was completed on January 16, 2019. Also on January 16, 2019, the Company announced another $5 billion share repurchase program. The repurchases may be made through a variety of methods including, but not limited to, open market purchases, purchases pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans, accelerated share repurchases and negotiated block purchases. The timing of share repurchases depends upon marketplace conditions and other factors, and the program remains subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 66
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 2.  Earnings Per Share, continued

During 2018, 2017, and 2016, CSX repurchased the following shares:
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Shares Repurchased (Units in Millions)
72

 
39

 
38

Cost of Shares (Dollars in Millions)
$
4,671

 
$
1,970

 
$
1,056

Average Price Paid per Share
$
64.64

 
$
50.80

 
$
27.52


During 2018, the Company entered into four accelerated share repurchase agreements to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Under these agreements, the Company paid $1.5 billion and received approximately 22 million total shares, which are included in the table above.

Management's assessment of market conditions and other factors guide the timing and volume of repurchases. Future share repurchases are expected to be funded by cash on hand, cash generated from operations and debt issuances. Shares are retired immediately upon repurchase. In accordance with the Equity Topic in the ASC, the Company elected to allocate the excess of repurchase price over par value and record in retained earnings.

NOTE 3. Shareholders’ Equity

Common and preferred stock consists of the following:


Common Stock, $1 Par Value
December 2018
 
(Units in Millions)
Common Shares Authorized
1,800

Common Shares Issued and Outstanding
818

 
 
Preferred Stock
 
Preferred Shares Authorized
25

Preferred Shares Issued and Outstanding
—


Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote on all matters requiring a vote for each share held. Preferred stock is senior to common stock with respect to dividends and upon liquidation of CSX.



CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 67
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 4.  Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation

Under CSX's share-based compensation plans, awards consist of performance units, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards and stock options for management and stock grants for directors.  Awards granted under the various programs are determined and approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors or, in certain circumstances, by the Chief Executive Officer for awards to management employees other than senior executives. The Board of Directors approves awards granted to CSX's non-management directors upon recommendation of the Governance Committee.

Share-based compensation expense for awards under share-based compensation plans and purchases made as part of the employee stock purchase plan is measured using the fair value of the award on the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the respective award. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. Total pre-tax expense associated with share-based compensation and its related income tax benefit is shown in the table below. The year over year decrease in share-based compensation expense is primarily due to modifications to the terms of awards in the first and second quarters of 2017 (see Equity Award Modifications below).
 
Fiscal Years
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
2017
2016
Share-Based Compensation Expense
 
 
 
Performance Units
$
28

$
49

$
17

Restricted Stock Units and Awards
6

15

11

Stock Options
13

22

7

Stock Awards for Directors
2

3

2

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
2

—

—

Total Share-based Compensation Expense
$
51

$
89

$
37

Income Tax Benefit
$
26

$
42

$
15


Long-term Incentive Plans
The CSX Long-term Incentive Plans (“LTIP”) were adopted under the 2010 CSX Stock and Incentive Award Plan. The objective of these plans is to motivate and reward certain employees for achieving and exceeding certain financial goals. Grants were made in performance units, with each unit being equivalent to one share of CSX common stock, and payouts will be made in CSX common stock. The payout range for participants will be between 0% and 200% of the target awards depending on Company performance against predetermined goals for each three-year cycle. In 2016, 2017 and 2018, target performance units were granted to certain employees under three separate LTIP plans covering three-year cycles: the 2016-2018 (“2016-2018 LTIP”), 2017-2019 (“2017-2019 LTIP”) and 2018-2020 (“2018-2020 LTIP”) plans.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 68
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 4.  Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, continued

The key financial targets for the 2016-2018 and 2017-2019 plans are based on the achievement of goals related to both operating ratio and return on assets (tax-adjusted operating income divided by net property) excluding certain items as disclosed in the Company's financial statements. The three-year cumulative operating ratio and average return on assets over the performance period will each comprise 50% of the payout and are measured independently of the other. These plans state that payouts for certain executive officers are subject to downward adjustment by up to 30% based upon total shareholder return relative to specified comparable groups. 

Payouts of performance units for the 2018-2020 plan will be based on the achievement of goals related to both operating ratio and free cash flow, in each case excluding non-recurring items as disclosed in the Company’s financial statements. The final year operating ratio and cumulative free cash flow over the plan period will each comprise 50% of the payout and will be measured independently of the other. For this plan, payouts for certain executive officers are subject to formulaic upward or downward adjustment by up to 25%, capped at an overall payout of 200%, based upon the Company’s total shareholder return relative to specified comparable groups over the performance period. The fair value of the performance units awarded during the year ended December 2018 was calculated using a Monte-Carlo simulation model with the following weighted-average assumptions:

Weighted-average assumptions used:
2018
Annual dividend yield
1.6
%
Risk-free interest rate
2.3
%
Annualized volatility
29.1
%
Expected life (in years)
2.9


Performance unit grant and vesting information is summarized as follows:
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Weighted-average grant date fair value
$
55.57

 
$
49.50

 
$
24.17

Fair value of units vested in fiscal year ending (in millions)
$
14

 
$
26

 
$
31


The performance unit activity related to the outstanding long-term incentive plans and corresponding fair value is summarized as follows:
 
Performance Units Outstanding
(in Thousands)
 
Weighted-Average Fair Value at Grant Date
Unvested at December 31, 2017
976

 
$
33.90

Granted
376

 
55.57

Forfeited
(43
)
 
43.09

Vested
(587
)
 
24.13

Unvested at December 31, 2018
722

 
$
52.58



CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 69
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 4.  Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, continued

As of December 2018, there was $38 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to performance units that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately two years.  
Restricted Stock Grants
Restricted stock grants consist of units and awards, each equivalent to one share of CSX stock. Restricted stock units are issued along with corresponding LTIP plans and vest three years after the date of grant. Separately, restricted stock awards generally vest over an employment period of up to five years. Participants receive cash dividend equivalents on the unvested shares during the restriction period. These awards are time-based and not based upon CSX’s attainment of operational targets.

Restricted stock grant and vesting information is summarized as follows:
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Weighted-average grant date fair value
$
62.60

 
$
48.35

 
$
24.21

Fair value of units and awards vested during fiscal year ended (in millions)
$
9

 
$
8

 
$
14

The restricted stock activity related to the outstanding long-term incentive plans and other awards and corresponding fair value is summarized as follows:
 
Restricted Stock Units and Awards Outstanding
(in Thousands)
 
Weighted-Average Fair Value at Grant Date
Unvested at December 31, 2017
807

 
$
33.37

Granted
164

 
62.60

Forfeited
(23
)
 
42.12

Vested
(264
)
 
35.41

Unvested at December 31, 2018
684

 
$
39.30


As of December 2018, unrecognized compensation expense for these restricted stock units and awards was approximately $11 million, which will be expensed over a weighted-average remaining period of two years.

Stock Options
Stock options were granted in 2016, 2017 and 2018 along with the corresponding LTIP plans. Under this program, an employee receives an award that provides the opportunity in the future to purchase CSX shares at the closing market price of the stock on the date the award is granted (the strike price). The options become exercisable after a three-year vesting period and expire 10 years from the grant date if they are not exercised.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 70
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 4.  Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, continued

The fair value of stock options granted was estimated as of the dates of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option model which uses the following assumptions: dividend yield, risk-free interest rate, annualized volatility and expected life. The annual dividend yield is based on the most recent quarterly CSX dividend payment annualized. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The annualized volatility is based on historical volatility of daily CSX stock price returns over a 6.5 year look-back period ending on the grant date. The expected life is calculated using the safe harbor approach due to lack of historical data on CSX options, which is the midpoint between the vesting schedule (three year cliff) and contractual term (10 years).

In March 2017, the Company granted 9 million stock options to former CEO E. Hunter Harrison at a fair value of $12.88 per option. These options were granted with a ten-year term and an exercise price equal to the closing market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant. Upon his death in December 2017, all of Mr. Harrison's 9 million options were forfeited.

Assumptions and inputs used to estimate fair value of stock options are summarized as follows:
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
2017
2016
Weighted-average grant date fair value
$
14.65

$
12.84

$
4.68

 
 
 
 
Stock options valuation assumptions:
 
 
 
Annual dividend yield
1.5
%
1.5
%
3.0
%
Risk-free interest rate
2.6
%
2.2
%
1.4
%
Annualized volatility
27.0
%
27.1
%
27.3
%
Expected life (in years)
6.5

6.3

6.5

Other pricing model inputs:
 
 
 
Weighted-average grant-date market price of CSX stock (strike price)
$
54.19

$
49.63

$
24.13


The stock option activity is summarized as follows:
 
Stock Options Outstanding
(in Thousands)
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life
(in Years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in Millions)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017
4,163

$
29.52

 
 
Granted
1,009

54.19

 
 
Forfeited
(169
)
37.18

 
 
Exercised
(330
)
24.99

 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2018
4,673

$
34.89

7.7
$
139

Exercisable at December 31, 2018
1,268

$
24.99

6.9
$
50


    

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 71
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 4.  Stock Plans and Share-Based Compensation, continued

Unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options as of December 2018 was $13 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately two years. The Company issues new shares upon stock option exercises.

Equity Award Modifications
In 2017, as part of an enhanced severance benefit under the management streamlining and realignment initiative discussed in Note 1, unvested performance units, restricted stock units and stock options for separated employees not eligible for retirement were permitted to vest on a pro-rata basis. Additionally, the terms of unvested equity awards for a former Chief Executive Officer, Michael J. Ward, and a former President, Clarence W. Gooden, were modified prior to their retirements on March 6, 2017 to permit prorated vesting through May 31, 2018.

The award modifications impacted approximately 75 employees and resulted in an increase to share-based compensation expense for revaluation of the affected awards of $39 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. The expense associated with these award modifications was included in the 2017 restructuring charge. No significant award modifications took place in 2018 or 2016.

Stock Awards for Directors
CSX’s non-management directors receive a base annual retainer of $100,000 to be paid quarterly in cash, unless the director chooses to defer the retainer in the form of cash or CSX common stock. Additionally, non-management directors receive an annual grant of common stock in the amount of approximately $150,000, with the number of shares to be granted based on the average closing price of CSX stock in the months of November, December and January. The independent non-executive Chairman also receives an annual grant of common stock in the amount of approximately $250,000, with the number of shares to be granted based on the average closing price of CSX stock in the months of November, December, and January.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In May 2018, shareholders approved the 2018 CSX Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) for the benefit of Company employees. The Company registered 4 million shares of common stock that may be issued pursuant to this plan. Under the ESPP, employees may contribute between 1% and 10% of base compensation, after-tax, to purchase up to $25,000 of CSX common stock per year at 85% of the closing market price on either the grant date or the last day of the six-month offering period, whichever is lower. No shares will be issued under the ESPP until first quarter 2019.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 72
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 5.  Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves

Activity related to casualty, environmental and other reserves is as follows:
 
Casualty
 
Environmental
 
Other
 
 
(Dollars in Millions)
Reserves
 
Reserves
 
Reserves
 
Total
December 25, 2015
$
269

 
$
82

 
$
49

 
$
400

Charged to Expense
52

 
46

 
30

 
128

Change in Estimate(a)
(28
)
 
—

 
—

 
(28
)
Payments
(64
)
 
(33
)
 
(29
)
 
(126
)
December 30, 2016
229

 
95

 
50

 
374

Charged to Expense
43

 
26

 
45

 
114

Payments
(44
)
 
(31
)
 
(39
)
 
(114
)
December 31, 2017
228

 
90

 
56

 
374

Charged to Expense
47

 
10

 
41

 
98

Change in Estimate(a)
(26
)
 
—

 
—

 
(26
)
Payments
(50
)
 
(20
)
 
(52
)
 
(122
)
December 31, 2018
$
199

 
$
80

 
$
45

 
$
324

(a) 
Changes in estimates are the result of continued safety improvements and a continuing decline in the severity of injuries.

Personal injury and environmental reserves are considered critical accounting estimates due to the need for significant management judgment. Casualty, environmental and other reserves are provided for in the consolidated balance sheets as shown in the table below.
 
December 2018
 
December 2017
(Dollars in Millions)
Current
 
Long-term
 
Total
 
Current
 
Long-term
 
Total
Casualty:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Personal Injury
$
40

 
$
103

 
$
143

 
$
43

 
$
125

 
$
168

Occupational
10

 
46

 
56

 
6

 
54

 
60

Total Casualty
$
50

 
$
149

 
$
199

 
$
49

 
$
179

 
$
228

Environmental
39

 
41

 
80

 
31

 
59

 
90

Other
24

 
21

 
45

 
28

 
28

 
56

Total
$
113

 
$
211

 
$
324

 
$
108

 
$
266

 
$
374

    
These liabilities are accrued when probable and reasonably estimable in accordance with the Contingencies Topic in the ASC. Actual settlements and claims received could differ and final outcomes of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty. Considering the legal defenses currently available, the liabilities that have been recorded and other factors, it is the opinion of management that none of these items individually, when finally resolved, will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. Should a number of these items occur in the same period, however, their combined effect could be material in that particular period.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 73
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 5.  Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves, continued

Casualty
Casualty reserves of $199 million and $228 million for 2018 and 2017, respectively, represent accruals for personal injury, occupational disease and occupational injury claims. During second quarter 2018, the Company increased its self-insured retention amount for these claims from $50 million to $75 million per occurrence for claims occurring on or after June 1, 2018. Currently, no individual claim is expected to exceed the self-insured retention amount.  In accordance with the Contingencies Topic in the ASC, to the extent the value of an individual claim exceeds the self-insured retention amount, the Company would present the liability on a gross basis with a corresponding receivable for insurance recoveries.  These reserves fluctuate based upon the timing of payments as well as changes in estimate. Actual results may vary from estimates due to the number, type and severity of the injury, costs of medical treatments and uncertainties in litigation. Most of the Company's casualty claims relate to CSXT unless otherwise noted below. Defense and processing costs, which historically have been insignificant and are anticipated to be insignificant in the future, are not included in the recorded liabilities.
 
Personal Injury
Personal injury reserves represent liabilities for employee work-related and third-party injuries.  Work-related injuries for CSXT employees are primarily subject to the Federal Employers' Liability Act ("FELA"). CSXT retains an independent actuary to assist management in assessing the value of personal injury claims.  An analysis is performed by the actuary quarterly and is reviewed by management. The methodology used by the actuary includes a development factor to reflect growth or reduction in the value of these personal injury claims based largely on CSXT's historical claims and settlement experience.

As a direct result of improvements in safety in recent years, the Company has experienced a downward trend in the severity of injuries, which has resulted in a decrease in the estimate of costs per incident. During 2018 and 2016, the Company reduced casualty reserves, primarily personal injury reserves, by $26 million and $28 million, respectively, resulting in an after-tax effect on earnings from continuing operations and net earnings of $19 million and $18 million, respectively and an after-tax effect on earnings per share of $0.02 and $0.02, respectively. The personal injury reserve reductions are included in materials, supplies and other on the consolidated income statements. During 2017, there were no significant changes in estimate recorded to adjust casualty reserves.

Occupational
Occupational reserves represent liabilities for occupational disease and injury claims. Occupational disease claims arise primarily from allegations of exposure to asbestos in the workplace. Occupational injury claims arise from allegations of exposure to certain other materials in the workplace, such as solvents, soaps, chemicals (collectively referred to as “irritants”) and diesel fuels (like exhaust fumes) or allegations of chronic physical injuries resulting from work conditions, such as repetitive stress injuries.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 74
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 5.  Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves, continued

Environmental
Environmental reserves were $80 million and $90 million for 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company is a party to various proceedings related to environmental issues, including administrative and judicial proceedings involving private parties and regulatory agencies. The Company has been identified as a potentially responsible party at approximately 220 environmentally impaired sites. Many of these are, or may be, subject to remedial action under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 ("CERCLA"), also known as the Superfund Law, or similar state statutes. Most of these proceedings arose from environmental conditions on properties used for ongoing or discontinued railroad operations. A number of these proceedings, however, are based on allegations that the Company, or its predecessors, sent hazardous substances to facilities owned or operated by others for treatment, recycling or disposal. In addition, some of the Company’s land holdings were leased to others for commercial or industrial uses that may have resulted in releases of hazardous substances or other regulated materials onto the property and could give rise to proceedings against the Company.

In any such proceedings, the Company is subject to environmental clean-up and enforcement actions under the Superfund Law, as well as similar state laws that may impose joint and several liability for clean-up and enforcement costs on current and former owners and operators of a site without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct. These costs could be substantial.

In accordance with the Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations Topic in the ASC, the Company reviews its role with respect to each site identified at least quarterly, giving consideration to a number of factors such as:

•
type of clean-up required;
•
nature of the Company’s alleged connection to the location (e.g., generator of waste sent to the site or owner or operator of the site);
•
extent of the Company’s alleged connection (e.g., volume of waste sent to the location and other relevant factors); and
•
number, connection and financial viability of other named and unnamed potentially responsible parties at the location.

Based on the review process, the Company has recorded amounts to cover contingent anticipated future environmental remediation costs with respect to each site to the extent such costs are reasonably estimable and probable. The recorded liabilities for estimated future environmental costs are undiscounted. The liability includes future costs for remediation and restoration of sites as well as any significant ongoing monitoring costs, but excludes any anticipated insurance recoveries. Payments related to these liabilities are expected to be made over the next several years.  Environmental remediation costs are included in materials, supplies and other on the consolidated income statements.

Currently, the Company does not possess sufficient information to reasonably estimate the amounts of additional liabilities, if any, on some sites until completion of future environmental studies.  In addition, conditions that are currently unknown could, at any given location, result in additional exposure, the amount and materiality of which cannot presently be reasonably estimated.  Based upon information currently available, however, the Company believes its environmental reserves accurately reflect the estimated cost of remedial actions currently required.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 75
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 5.  Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves, continued

Other
Other reserves were $45 million and $56 million for 2018 and 2017, respectively. These reserves include liabilities for various claims, such as property, automobile and general liability. Also included in other reserves are longshoremen disability claims related to a previously owned international shipping business (these claims are in runoff) as well as claims for current port employees.

NOTE 6.  Properties

A detail of the Company’s net properties are as follows:
(Dollars in Millions)
 
 
 
Accumulated
 
Net Book
 
Annual Depreciation
 
Estimated Useful Life
 
Depreciation
December 2018
 
Cost
 
Depreciation
 
Value
 
Rate
 
( Avg. Years)
 
Method (a)
Road
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rail and Other Track Material
 
$
7,964

 
$
(1,698
)
 
$
6,266

 
2.5%
 
40
 
Group Life
 
 
Ties
 
5,860

 
(1,557
)
 
4,303

 
3.7%
 
27
 
Group Life
 
 
Grading
 
2,757

 
(572
)
 
2,185

 
1.4%
 
72
 
Group Life
 
 
Ballast
 
3,076

 
(971
)
 
2,105

 
2.7%
 
37
 
Group Life
 
 
Bridges, Trestles, and Culverts
 
2,506

 
(382
)
 
2,124

 
1.6%
 
61
 
Group Life
 
 
Signals and Interlockers
 
2,975

 
(693
)
 
2,282

 
4.0%
 
25
 
Group Life/ Straight Line
 
 
Buildings
 
1,318

 
(486
)
 
832

 
2.5%
 
40
 
Group Life
 
 
Other
 
4,955

 
(1,964
)
 
2,991

 
4.2%
 
24
 
Group Life
Total Road
 
31,411

 
(8,323
)
 
23,088

 
 
 
 
 
 
Equipment
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Locomotive
 
5,661

 
(2,266
)
 
3,395

 
3.5%
 
29
 
Group Life
 
 
Freight Cars
 
3,093

 
(882
)
 
2,211

 
2.9%
 
35
 
Group Life
 
 
Work Equipment and Other
 
2,338

 
(1,336
)
 
1,002

 
7.4%
 
14
 
Group Life/ Straight Line
Total Equipment
 
11,092

 
(4,484
)
 
6,608

 
 
 
 
 
 
Land
 
 
 
1,845

 
—

 
1,845

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Construction In Progress
 
457

 
—

 
457

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Total Properties
 
$
44,805

 
$
(12,807
)
 
$
31,998

 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) For depreciation method, certain asset categories contain intermodal terminals or technology-related assets, which are depreciated using the straight-line method.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 76
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 6.  Properties, continued

(Dollars in Millions)
 
 
 
Accumulated
 
Net Book
 
Annual Depreciation
 
Estimated Useful Life
 
Depreciation
December 2017
 
Cost
 
Depreciation
 
Value
 
Rate
 
(Avg. Years)
 
Method (a)
Road
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rail and Other Track Material
 
$
7,694

 
$
(1,606
)
 
$
6,088

 
2.5%
 
40
 
Group Life
 
 
Ties
 
5,665

 
(1,446
)
 
4,219

 
3.7%
 
27
 
Group Life
 
 
Grading
 
2,662

 
(542
)
 
2,120

 
1.4%
 
72
 
Group Life
 
 
Ballast
 
2,994

 
(921
)
 
2,073

 
2.7%
 
37
 
Group Life
 
 
Bridges, Trestles, and Culverts
 
2,405

 
(356
)
 
2,049

 
1.6%
 
61
 
Group Life
 
 
Signals and Interlockers
 
2,759

 
(588
)
 
2,171

 
4.0%
 
25
 
Group Life/ Straight Line
 
 
Buildings
 
1,278

 
(464
)
 
814

 
2.5%
 
40
 
Group Life
 
 
Other
 
4,634

 
(1,867
)
 
2,767

 
4.2%
 
24
 
Group Life
Total Road
 
30,091

 
(7,790
)
 
22,301

 
 
 
 
 
 
Equipment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Locomotive
 
6,083

 
(2,490
)
 
3,593

 
3.5%
 
29
 
Group Life
 
 
Freight Cars
 
3,262

 
(998
)
 
2,264

 
2.9%
 
35
 
Group Life
 
 
Work Equipment and Other
 
2,261

 
(1,282
)
 
979

 
7.4%
 
14
 
Group Life/ Straight Line
Total Equipment
 
11,606

 
(4,770
)
 
6,836

 
 
 
 
 
 
Land
 
 
 
1,849

 
—

 
1,849

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Construction In Progress
 
778

 
—

 
778

 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Total Properties
 
$
44,324

 
$
(12,560
)
 
$
31,764

 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) For depreciation method, certain asset categories contain intermodal terminals or technology-related assets, which are depreciated using the straight-line method.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 77
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 6.  Properties, continued

Capital Expenditures
The Company’s capital investment includes purchased and self-constructed assets and property additions that substantially extend the service life or increase the utility of those assets. Indirect costs that can be specifically traced to capital projects are also capitalized. The Company is committed to maintaining and improving its existing infrastructure and expanding its network capacity for long-term growth. Rail operations are capital intensive and CSX accounts for these costs in accordance with GAAP and the Company’s capitalization policy. All properties are stated at historical cost less an allowance for accumulated depreciation.

The Company’s largest category of capital investment is the replacement of track assets and the acquisition or construction of new assets that enable CSX to enhance its operations or provide new capacity offerings to its customers. These construction projects are primarily completed by CSXT employees. Costs for track asset replacement and capacity projects that are capitalized include:

•
labor costs, because many of the assets are self-constructed;
•
costs to purchase or construct new track or to prepare ground for the laying of track;
•
welding (rail, field and plant) which are processes used to connect segments of rail;
•
new ballast, which is gravel and crushed stone that holds track in line;
•
fuels and lubricants associated with tie, rail and surfacing work which is the process of raising track to a designated elevation over an extended distance;
•
cross, switch and bridge ties which are the braces that support the rails on a track;
•
gauging which is the process of standardizing the distance between rails;
•
handling costs associated with installing rail, ties or ballast;
•
usage charge of machinery and equipment utilized in construction or installation; and
•
other track materials.

The primary cost in self-constructed track replacement work is labor. CSXT engineering employees directly charge their labor to the track replacement project (the capitalized depreciable property). These employees concurrently perform deconstruction and installation of track material. Because of this concurrent process, CSX must estimate the amount of labor that is related to deconstruction versus installation. Through analysis of CSXT’s track replacement process, CSX determined that approximately 20% of labor costs associated with track material installation is related to the deconstruction of old track, which is expensed, and 80% is associated with the installation of new track, which is capitalized.

Capital investment related to locomotives and freight cars comprises the second largest category of the Company’s capital assets. This category includes purchase costs of locomotives and freight cars as well as certain equipment leases that are considered to be capital leases in accordance with the Leases Topic in the ASC. In addition, costs to modify or rebuild these assets are capitalized if the investment incurred extends the asset’s service life or improves utilization. Improvement projects must meet specified dollar thresholds to be capitalized and are reviewed by management to determine proper accounting treatment. Routine repairs, overhauls and other maintenance costs, for all asset categories, are expensed as incurred.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 78
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 6.  Properties, continued

Depreciation Method
The depreciable assets of the Company are depreciated using either the group-life or straight-line method of accounting, which are both acceptable depreciation methods in accordance with GAAP. The Company depreciates its railroad assets, including main-line track, locomotives and freight cars, using the group-life method.  Assets depreciated under the group-life method comprise 87% of total fixed assets of $45 billion on a gross basis as of December 2018. The remaining depreciable assets of the Company, including non-railroad assets and assets under capital leases, are depreciated using the straight-line method on a per asset basis. Land is not depreciated.

The group-life method aggregates assets with similar lives and characteristics into groups and depreciates each of these groups as a whole. When using the group-life method, an underlying assumption is that each group of assets, as a whole, is used and depreciated to the end of its group’s recoverable life. The Company currently utilizes different depreciable asset categories to account for depreciation expense for the railroad assets that are depreciated under the group-life method. By utilizing various depreciable categories, the Company can more accurately account for the use of its assets.  All assets of the Company are depreciated on a time or life basis.

The group-life method of depreciation closely approximates the straight-line method of depreciation. Additionally, due to the nature of most of its assets (e.g. track is one contiguous, connected asset), the Company believes that this is the most effective way to properly depreciate its assets.

Estimated Useful Life
Management performs a review of depreciation expense and useful lives on a regular basis. Under the group-life method, the service lives and salvage values for each group of assets are determined by completing periodic depreciation studies and applying management’s assumptions regarding the service lives of its properties. A depreciation study is the periodic review of asset service lives, salvage values, accumulated depreciation, and other related factors for group assets conducted by a third-party specialist, analyzed by the Company’s management and approved by the STB, the regulatory board that has broad jurisdiction over railroad practices. The STB requires depreciation studies be performed every three years for equipment assets (e.g. locomotives and freight cars) and every six years for road and track assets (e.g. bridges, signals, rail, ties, and ballast). The Company believes the frequency of depreciation studies currently required by the STB, complemented by annual data reviews conducted by a third-party specialist and analyzed by the Company's management, provides adequate review of asset service lives and that a more frequent review would not result in a material change due to the long-lived nature of most of the assets. In 2016, the Company completed a depreciation study for its equipment assets. The Company plans to complete the next depreciation study for equipment assets in 2019 and road and track assets in 2020.
    
Group-Life Assets Sales and Retirements
Since the rail network is one contiguous, connected network it is impractical to maintain specific identification records for these assets. For track assets (e.g. rail, ties, and ballast), CSX utilizes a first-in, first-out approach to asset retirements. Equipment assets (e.g. locomotives and freight cars) are specifically identified at retirement. When an equipment asset is retired that has been depreciated using the group-life method, the cost is reduced from the cost base and recorded in accumulated depreciation.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 79
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 6.  Properties, continued

For sales or retirements of assets depreciated under the group-life method that occur in the ordinary course of business, the asset cost (net of salvage value or sales proceeds) is charged to accumulated depreciation and no gain or loss is immediately recognized. This practice is consistent with accounting treatment prescribed under the group-life method. As part of the depreciation study, an assessment of the recorded amount of accumulated depreciation is made to determine if it is deficient (or in excess) of the appropriate amount indicated by the study. Any such deficiency (or excess), including any deferred gains or losses, is amortized as a component of depreciation expense over the remaining service life of the asset group until the next required depreciation study. Since the overall assumption with the group-life method is that the assets within the group on average have the same service life and characteristics, it is therefore concluded that the deferred gains and losses offset over time.

For sales or retirements of assets depreciated under the group-life method that do not occur in the ordinary course of business, a gain or loss may be recognized if the sale or retirement meets each of the following three criteria: (i) it is unusual, (ii) it is material in amount, and (iii) it varies significantly from the retirement profile identified through our depreciation studies. No material gains or losses were recognized on the sale of assets depreciated using the group-life method in 2018, 2017, or 2016 as no sales met the criteria described above.

Land and Straight-line Assets Sales and Retirements
When the Company sells or retires land, land-related easements or assets depreciated under the straight-line method, a gain or loss is recognized in materials, supplies and other on the consolidated statements of income. In 2018, the Company recognized gains on the sale of properties of $154 million as a result of its initiative to monetize non-core properties. In 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized gains on the sale of properties of $18 million and $128 million, respectively.

Impairment Review
Properties and other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or business conditions indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Initial assessments of recoverability are based on estimates of undiscounted future net cash flows associated with an asset or a group of assets in accordance with the Property, Plant, and Equipment Topic in the ASC. Where impairment is indicated, the assets are evaluated and their carrying amount is reduced to fair value based on discounted net cash flows or other estimates of fair value. In 2018 and 2017, impairment expense of $24 million and $25 million, respectively, was recorded in materials, supplies and other expense primarily due to the discontinuation of certain in-progress projects. There were no material impairments recorded during 2016.



CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 80
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 7.  Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments
The Company has various lease agreements with other parties with terms up to 50 years. Non-cancelable, long-term leases may include provisions for maintenance, options to purchase and options to extend the terms. Rent expense on operating leases is included in equipment and other rents on the consolidated income statements. The Company uses the straight-line method to recognize rent expense on operating leases that include escalations over their terms. These amounts are shown in the table below.
 
Fiscal Years
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Rent Expense on Operating Leases
$
66

 
$
78

 
$
77



During 2018, the Company renewed a lease with the State of Georgia for approximately 137 miles of right-of-way with integral equipment for an additional term of 50 years, pending approval by the STB. Lease payments, which include an annual 2.5% increase, are included in the table below. 

At December 2018, minimum rentals on land, buildings, track and equipment under operating leases are disclosed in the table below. 
 (Dollars in Millions)
Operating
 
Sublease
 
Net Lease
Years
Leases
 
Income
 
Commitments
2019
$
58

 
$
(3
)
 
$
55

2020
59

 
(3
)
 
56

2021
54

 
(4
)
 
50

2022
50

 
(4
)
 
46

2023
44

 
(4
)
 
40

Thereafter
1,312

 
(3
)
 
1,309

Total
$
1,577

 
$
(21
)
 
$
1,556


Purchase Commitments
In 2018, CSXT revised its long-term locomotive maintenance program agreement with a third-party. The new agreement contains commitments related to specific locomotive rebuilds and a long-term maintenance program that covers a portion of CSXT’s fleet of locomotives. The maintenance program costs are based on the maintenance cycle for each covered locomotive, which is determined by the asset's age and type. Expected future costs may change as required maintenance schedules are revised and locomotives are placed into or removed from service. Under CSXT’s current obligations, the agreement will expire no earlier than 2035.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 81
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 7.  Commitments and Contingencies, continued

The following table summarizes the number of locomotives covered and CSXT’s payments under the long-term maintenance program.
 
Fiscal Years
(Dollars in Millions)
2018

 
2017

 
2016

Amounts Paid
$
145

 
$
197

 
$
230

Number of Locomotives
1,910

 
2,062

 
2,243

    
The total of annual payments under the agreement, including those related to locomotive rebuilds and the long-term locomotive maintenance program, are estimated in the table below.

Additionally, the Company has various other commitments to purchase technology, communications, railcar maintenance and other services from various suppliers. Total annual payments under all of these purchase commitments are also estimated in the table below.
(Dollars in Millions)
Locomotive Maintenance & Rebuild Payments
 
Other
Commitments
 
Total
2019
$
137

 
$
105

 
$
242

2020
232

 
48

 
280

2021
237

 
35

 
272

2022
242

 
33

 
275

2023
242

 
27

 
269

Thereafter
2,515

 
184

 
2,699

Total
$
3,605

 
$
432

 
$
4,037


Insurance
The Company maintains numerous insurance programs with substantial limits for property damage (which includes business interruption) and third-party liability.  A certain amount of risk is retained by the Company on each of the property and liability programs. The Company has a $50 million per occurrence retention for floods and named windstorms and a $25 million per occurrence retention for property losses other than floods and named windstorms. For claims occurring on or after June 1, 2018, the Company increased its self-insured retention for third-party liability claims from $50 million to $75 million per occurrence. While the Company believes its insurance coverage is adequate, future claims could exceed existing insurance coverage or insurance may not continue to be available at commercially reasonable rates.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 82
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 7.  Commitments and Contingencies, continued
Legal
The Company is involved in litigation incidental to its business and is a party to a number of legal actions and claims, various governmental proceedings and private civil lawsuits, including, but not limited to, those related to fuel surcharge practices, tax matters, environmental and hazardous material exposure matters, FELA and labor claims by current or former employees, other personal injury or property claims and disputes and complaints involving certain transportation rates and charges. Some of the legal proceedings include claims for compensatory as well as punitive damages and others are, or are purported to be, class actions. While the final outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, considering, among other things, the legal defenses available and liabilities that have been recorded along with applicable insurance, it is currently the opinion of management that none of these pending items will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. An unexpected adverse resolution of one or more of these items, however, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity in that particular period.
The Company is able to estimate a range of possible loss for certain legal proceedings for which a loss is reasonably possible in excess of reserves established. The Company has estimated this range to be $3 million to $120 million in aggregate at December 31, 2018. This estimated aggregate range is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions. Accordingly, the Company's estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly from the current estimate.
Fuel Surcharge Antitrust Litigation
In May 2007, class action lawsuits were filed against CSXT and three other U.S.-based Class I railroads alleging that the defendants' fuel surcharge practices relating to contract and unregulated traffic resulted from an illegal conspiracy in violation of antitrust laws. In November 2007, the class action lawsuits were consolidated in federal court in the District of Columbia, where they are now pending. The suit seeks treble damages allegedly sustained by purported class members as well as attorneys' fees and other relief. Plaintiffs are expected to allege damages at least equal to the fuel surcharges at issue.

In June 2012, the District Court certified the case as a class action. The decision was not a ruling on the merits of plaintiffs' claims, but rather a decision to allow the plaintiffs to seek to prove the case as a class. The defendant railroads petitioned the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit for permission to appeal the District Court's class certification decision. In August 2013, the D.C. Circuit issued a decision vacating the class certification decision and remanded the case to the District Court to reconsider its class certification decision. On October 10, 2017, the District Court issued an order denying class certification. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit is reviewing the District Court's denial of class certification and held oral argument on September 28, 2018, with a decision yet to be issued. The District Court has delayed proceedings on the merits of the case pending the outcome of the class certification proceedings.

CSXT believes that its fuel surcharge practices were arrived at and applied lawfully and that the case is without merit. Accordingly, the Company intends to defend itself vigorously. However, penalties for violating antitrust laws can be severe, and resolution of this matter or an unexpected adverse decision on the merits could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity in that particular period.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 83
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 7.  Commitments and Contingencies, continued
Environmental
CSXT is indemnifying Pharmacia LLC (formerly known as Monsanto Company) for certain liabilities associated with real estate located in Kearny, New Jersey along the Lower Passaic River (the “Property”). The Property, which was formerly owned by Pharmacia, is now owned by CSXT. CSXT's indemnification and defense duties arise with respect to several matters. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), using its CERCLA authority, seeks cleanup and removal costs and other damages associated with the presence of hazardous substances in the 17-mile Lower Passaic River Study Area (the "Study Area”). CSXT, on behalf of Pharmacia, and a significant number of other potentially responsible parties are together conducting a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study of the Study Area pursuant to an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent with the EPA.

In March 2016, EPA issued its Record of Decision detailing the agency’s mandated remedial process for the lower 8 miles of the Study Area. Approximately 80 parties, including Pharmacia, are participating in an EPA-directed allocation process to assign responsibility for costs to be incurred implementing the remedy selected for the lower 8 miles of the Study Area. CSXT is participating in the allocation process on behalf of Pharmacia. At a later date, EPA will select a remedy for the remainder of the Study Area and is expected to again seek the participation of private parties to implement the selected remedy using EPA’s CERCLA authority to compel such participation, if necessary.

CSXT is also defending and indemnifying Pharmacia in a cooperative natural resource damages assessment process related to the Property. Based on currently available information, the Company does not believe any indemnification or remediation costs potentially allocable to CSXT with respect to the Property and the Study Area would be material to the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

NOTE 8.  Employee Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors defined benefit pension plans principally for salaried, management personnel. For employees hired prior to 2003, the plans provide eligible employees with retirement benefits based predominantly on years of service and compensation rates near retirement. For employees hired in 2003 or thereafter, benefits are determined based on a cash balance formula, which provides benefits by utilizing interest and pay credits based upon age, service and compensation.

In addition to these plans, the Company sponsors a post-retirement medical plan and a non-contributory life insurance plan that provide certain benefits to full-time, salaried, management employees hired prior to 2003, upon their retirement if certain eligibility requirements are met. Changes to the post-retirement medical and life insurance plans were communicated to participants in October 2018. Beginning in 2019, both the life insurance benefit for eligible active employees and health savings account contributions made by the Company to eligible retirees younger than 65 will be eliminated. Beginning in 2020, the employer-funded health reimbursement arrangements for eligible retirees 65 years or older will be eliminated. As a result of these plan amendments, the company recognized a decrease of $102 million in the post-retirement benefit liability and a corresponding gain in other comprehensive income. These changes did not result in a curtailment loss as there was no material impact to service costs for active plan participants.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 84
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 8.  Employee Benefit Plans, continued

The Company engages independent actuaries to compute the amounts of liabilities and expenses relating to these plans subject to the assumptions that the Company determines are appropriate based on historical trends, current market rates and future projections. These amounts are reviewed by management. In order to perform this valuation, the actuaries are provided with the details of the population covered at the beginning of the year, summarized in the table below, and projects that population forward to the end of the year.
 
Summary of Participants as of
 
January 1, 2018
 
Pension Plans
 
Post-retirement Medical Plan
Active Employees
3,566

 
660

Retirees and Beneficiaries
12,081

 
9,030

Other(a)
4,262

 
23

Total
19,909

 
9,713

(a) For pension plans, the other category consists mostly of terminated but vested former employees.  For post-retirement plans, the other category consists of employees on long-term disability that have not yet retired.
 
The benefit obligation for these plans represents the liability of the Company for current and retired employees and is affected primarily by the following:

•
service cost (benefits attributed to employee service during the period);
•
interest cost (interest on the liability due to the passage of time);
•
actuarial gains/losses (experience during the year different from that assumed and changes in plan assumptions); and
•
benefits paid to participants.

Cash Flows
Plan assets are amounts that have been segregated and restricted to provide qualified pension plan benefits and include amounts contributed by the Company and amounts earned from invested contributions, net of benefits paid. Qualified pension plan obligations are funded in accordance with regulatory requirements and with an objective of meeting or exceeding minimum funding requirements necessary to avoid restrictions on flexibility of plan operation and benefit payments. The Company funds the cost of the post-retirement medical and life insurance benefits as well as nonqualified pension benefits on a pay-as-you go basis. No qualified pension plan contributions were made during 2018 and 2017. Although no contributions to the Company's qualified pension plans were required, CSX made voluntary contributions totaling $250 million during 2016. No contributions to the Company's qualified pension plans are expected in 2019.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 85
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 8.  Employee Benefit Plans, continued

Future expected benefit payments are as follows:
 
Expected Cash Flows
(Dollars in Millions)
Pension Benefits
 
Post-retirement Benefits
2019
$
192

 
$
34

2020
186

 
13

2021
185

 
11

2022
183

 
10

2023
180

 
9

2024-2028
886

 
32

Total
$
1,812

 
$
109


Plan Assets
The CSX Investment Committee (the “Investment Committee”), whose members are selected by the Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for oversight and investment of plan assets. The Investment Committee utilizes an investment asset allocation strategy that is monitored on an ongoing basis and updated periodically in consideration of plan or employee changes, or changing market conditions. Periodic studies provide an extensive modeling of asset investment return in conjunction with projected plan liabilities and seek to evaluate how to maximize return within the constraints of acceptable risk. The current asset allocation targets 70% equity investments and 30% fixed income investments and cash. Within equity, a further target is currently established for 42% of total plan assets in domestic equity and 28% in international equity.  Allocations are evaluated for levels within 3% of targeted allocations and are adjusted quarterly as necessary. The distribution of pension plan assets as of the measurement date is shown in the table below, and these assets are reported net of pension liabilities on the balance sheet.
 
December 2018
 
December 2017
 
 
 
Percent of
 
 
 
Percent of
(Dollars in Millions)
Amount
 
Total Assets
 
Amount
 
Total Assets
Equity
$
1,698

 
70
%
 
$
2,060

 
73
%
Fixed Income
704

 
29

 
729

 
26

Cash and Cash Equivalents
29

 
1

 
44

 
1

Total
$
2,431

 
100
%
 
$
2,833

 
100
%

Under the supervision of the Investment Committee, individual investments or fund managers are selected in accordance with standards of prudence applicable to asset diversification and investment suitability. The Company also selects fund managers with differing investment styles and benchmarks their investment returns against appropriate indices. Fund investment performance is continuously monitored. Acceptable performance is determined in the context of the long-term return objectives of the fund and appropriate asset class benchmarks.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 86
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 8.  Employee Benefit Plans, continued

Within the Company's equity funds, domestic stock is diversified among large and small capitalization stocks. International stock is diversified in a similar manner as well as in developed versus emerging markets stocks. Guidelines established with individual managers limit investment by industry sectors, individual stock issuer concentration and the use of derivatives and CSX securities.
 
Fixed income securities guidelines established with individual managers specify the types of allowable investments, such as government, corporate and asset-backed bonds, target certain allocation ranges for domestic and foreign investments and limit the use of certain derivatives. Additionally, guidelines stipulate minimum credit quality constraints and any prohibited securities. For detailed information regarding the fair value of pension assets, see Note 13, Fair Value Measurements.

Benefit Obligation, Plan Assets and Funded Status
Changes in benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets for the 2018 and 2017 calendar plan years are as follows:

 
Pension Benefits
 
Post-retirement Benefits
 
Plan Year
 
Plan Year
 
Plan Year
 
Plan Year
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Actuarial Present Value of Benefit Obligation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Benefit Obligation
$
2,623

 
$
2,873

 
N/A

 
N/A

Projected Benefit Obligation
2,758

 
3,002

 
$
118

 
$
250

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in Projected Benefit Obligation:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Projected Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Plan Year
$
3,002

 
$
2,871

 
$
250

 
$
274

Service Cost (a)
36

 
36

 
2

 
2

Interest Cost
92

 
92

 
7

 
7

Plan Participants' Contributions
—

 
—

 
5

 
7

Workforce Reduction Program/Curtailment
—

 
58

 
—

 
13

Post-retirement Plan Amendment
—

 
—

 
(102
)
 
—

Actuarial (Gain) Loss
(173
)
 
163

 
(10
)
 
(17
)
Benefits Paid
(199
)
 
(218
)
 
(34
)
 
(36
)
Benefit Obligation at End of Plan Year
$
2,758

 
$
3,002

 
$
118

 
$
250

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in Plan Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Plan Year
$
2,833

 
$
2,539

 
$
—

 
$
—

Actual Return on Plan Assets (Loss) Gain
(220
)
 
467

 
—

 
—

Non-qualified Employer Contributions
17

 
45

 
30

 
29

Plan Participants' Contributions
—

 
—

 
4

 
7

Benefits Paid
(199
)
 
(218
)
 
(34
)
 
(36
)
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Plan Year
2,431

 
2,833

 
—

 
—

Funded Status at End of Plan Year
$
(327
)
 
$
(169
)
 
$
(118
)
 
$
(250
)
(a)
Service cost for 2018 includes capitalized service costs of $4 million.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 87
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 8.  Employee Benefit Plans, continued

For qualified plan funding purposes, assets and discounted liabilities are measured in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ("ERISA"), as well as other related provisions of the IRC and related regulations. Under these funding provisions and the alternative measurements available thereunder, the Company estimates its unfunded obligation for qualified plans on an annual basis.
 
In accordance with Compensation-Retirement Benefits Topic in the ASC, an employer must recognize the funded status of a pension or other post-retirement benefit plan by recording a liability (underfunded plan) or asset (overfunded plan) for the difference between the projected benefit obligation (or the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation for a post-retirement benefit plan) and the fair value of plan assets at the plan measurement date. Amounts related to pension and post-retirement benefits recorded in other long-term assets, labor and fringe benefits payable and other long-term liabilities on the balance sheet are as follows:

 
Pension Benefits
 
Post-retirement Benefits
 
December
 
December
 
December
 
December
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Amounts Recorded in Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance Sheets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term Assets (a)
$
13

 
$
57

 
$
—

 
$
—

Current Liabilities
(16
)
 
(15
)
 
(34
)
 
(38
)
Long-term Liabilities
(324
)
 
(211
)
 
(84
)
 
(212
)
Net Amount Recognized in
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Consolidated Balance Sheets
$
(327
)
 
$
(169
)
 
$
(118
)
 
$
(250
)
(a)
Long-term assets as of December 2018 and 2017 relate to qualified pension plans where assets exceed projected benefit obligations.

The funded status, or amount by which the benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets, represents a liability. At December 2018, the status of CSX plans with a net liability only is disclosed below. The total fair value of all plan assets as of December 2018 was $2.4 billion, which includes the qualified pension plans with net assets.

 
Aggregate
 
(Dollars in Millions)
Fair Value
Aggregate
Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
of Plan Assets
Benefit Obligation
Projected Benefit Obligation
$
2,337

$
(2,677
)
Accumulated Benefit Obligation
2,337

(2,542
)


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 88
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 8.  Employee Benefit Plans, continued

Net Benefit Expense
Only the service cost component of net periodic benefit costs is included in labor and fringe expense on the consolidated income statement. All other components of net periodic benefit cost are included in other income - net or, if related to prior year restructuring activities, in restructuring charge - non-operating. The following table describes the components of expense/(income) related to net benefit expense recorded on the income statement.
 
Pension Benefits
Fiscal Years
 
Post-retirement Benefits
Fiscal Years
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Service Cost Included in Labor and Fringe
$
32

 
$
36

 
$
48

 
$
2

 
$
2

 
$
2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Cost
92

 
92

 
119

 
7

 
7

 
12

Expected Return on Plan Assets
(176
)
 
(171
)
 
(157
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Amortization of Net Loss
41

 
41

 
48

 
—

 
—

 
3

Amortization of Prior Service Cost
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

Total Income Included in Other Income - Net
(43
)
 
(38
)
 
10

 
5

 
7

 
15

Net Periodic Benefit Cost
$
(11
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
58

 
$
7

 
$
9

 
$
17

Restructuring Charge - Non Operating(a)
—

 
60

 
—

 
—

 
13

 
—

Settlement (Gain) Loss
(1
)
 
11

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Total (Credit) Expense
$
(12
)
 
$
69

 
$
57

 
$
7

 
$
22

 
$
17

(a) Charges related to special termination benefits and curtailment costs were the result of the management workforce reductions in first quarter 2017. See Restructuring Charge in Note 1, Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies.

As a result of the management workforce reduction programs initiated in 2017, $85 million in charges were incurred related to special termination benefits, curtailment and settlement changes. In 2017, the Company recorded special termination pension benefits of $56 million and remeasured the pension and other post-retirement benefits assets and obligations and recorded a curtailment loss of $4 million and $13 million, respectively, in restructuring charge - non-operating on the income statement.

Pension settlement (gains) losses were recognized as a result of lump-sum payments to retirees exceeding the sum of the plan’s service and interest cost. The Company recorded an $11 million net settlement loss in 2017, of which a $12 million loss resulted from the retirements of former executives and is reported in restructuring charge - non-operating on the income statement. The other settlement gains in 2018, 2017 and 2016 were from one of the Company’s qualified pension plans with insignificant balances and were recorded in other income - net on the income statement.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 89
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 8.  Employee Benefit Plans, continued

Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefits Adjustments
The following table shows the pre-tax change in other comprehensive loss (income) attributable to certain components of net benefit expense and the change in benefit obligation for CSX for pension and other post-employment benefits.
(Dollars in Millions)
Pension Benefits
 
Post-retirement Benefits
Components of Other Comprehensive
December
 
December
 
December
 
December
Loss (Income)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Recognized in the Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses (Gains)
$
223

 
$
(131
)
 
$
(112
)
 
$
(17
)
Expense (Income) Recognized in the Income Statement
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Amortization of Net Losses (a)
$
41

 
$
41

 
$
—

 
$
—

Settlement (Gain) Loss
(1
)
 
11

 
—

 
—

Curtailment Loss
—

 
4

 
—

 
—

Amortization of Prior Service Costs
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

(a)
Amortization of net losses estimated to be expensed for 2019 is approximately $43 million for pension benefits.

As of December 2018, the balances to be amortized related to the Company's pension obligations is a pre-tax loss of $888 million and related to post-retirement obligations is a pre-tax gain of $103 million. These amounts are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a component of shareholders’ equity.

Assumptions
The expected long-term average rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for benefits included in the projected benefit obligation. In estimating that rate, the Company gives appropriate consideration to the returns being earned by the plan assets in the funds and the rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment as well as the current and projected asset mix of the funds. Management balances market expectations obtained from various investment managers and economists with both market and actual plan historical returns to develop a reasonable estimate of the expected long-term rate of return on assets. This assumption is reviewed annually and adjusted as deemed appropriate. 

The Company measures the service cost and interest cost components of the net pension and post-retirement benefits expense by using individual spot rates matched with separate cash flows for each future year instead of a single weighted-average discount rate approach, which was used prior to 2017.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 90
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 8.  Employee Benefit Plans, continued

The weighted averages of assumptions used by the Company to value its pension and post-retirement obligations were as follows:
 
Pension Benefits
 
Post-retirement Benefits
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
Expected Long-term Return on Plan Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit Cost for Current Plan Year
6.75
%
 
6.75
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
Benefit Cost for Subsequent Plan Year
6.75
%
 
6.75
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount Rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit Cost for Plan Year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service Cost for Plan Year
3.74
%
 
4.26
%
(a) 
4.14
%
(c) 
4.11
%
(b) 
Interest Cost for Plan Year
3.15
%
 
3.26
%
(a) 
3.45
%
(c) 
2.78
%
(b) 
Benefit Obligation at End of Plan Year
4.24
%
 
3.56
%
 
3.98
%
 
3.34
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary Scale Inflation
4.60
%
 
4.60
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
(a)
The pension benefits service cost and interest cost for 2017 were based on a weighted average discount rate of 4.35% and 3.37%, respectively, prior to the management workforce reduction program initiated in 2017 and were reduced to 4.26% and 3.26%, respectively, after the Company remeasured the pension benefits obligation and pension plan assets in the second quarter of 2017.
(b)
The post-retirement benefits service cost and interest cost for 2017 were based on a weighted average discount rate of 4.20% and 2.88%, respectively, prior to the management workforce reduction program initiated in 2017 and were reduced to 4.11% and 2.78%, respectively, after the Company remeasured the other post-retirement benefits obligation in the first quarter of 2017.
(c)
The post-retirement benefits service cost and interest cost for 2018 were based on a weighted average discount rate of 3.68% and 2.79%, respectively, prior to the post-retirement plan amendments approved in 2018 and were increased to 4.14% and 3.45%, respectively, after the Company remeasured the other post-retirement benefits obligation in the fourth quarter of 2018.

The impact of the health care cost trend rate is immaterial to the post-retirement benefit cost and obligation due to the plan's health reimbursement arrangement that covers Medicare-eligible retirees.

Other Plans
Under collective bargaining agreements, the Company participates in a multi-employer benefit plan, which provides certain post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits to eligible contract employees. Premiums under this plan are expensed as incurred and amounted to $30 million, $40 million and $35 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company maintains savings plans for virtually all full-time salaried employees and certain employees covered by collective bargaining agreements. Expense associated with these plans was $41 million, $39 million and $35 million for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is included in labor and fringe expense on the consolidated income statement.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 91
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 9.  Debt and Credit Agreements
    
Debt at December 2018 and December 2017 is shown in the table below. For information regarding the fair value of debt, see Note 13, Fair Value Measurements.
 
Maturity at
December
Average
Interest
Rates at
December
December
December
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
2018
2018
2017
Notes
2020-2068
4.5%
$
14,558

$
11,591

Equipment Obligations(a)
2019-2023
6.3%
195

213

Capital Leases
2020-2026
16.2%
4

5

Subtotal Long-term Debt (including current portion)
 
 
$
14,757

$
11,809

Less Debt Due within One Year
 
 
(18
)
(19
)
Long-term Debt (excluding current portion)
 
 
$
14,739

$
11,790

(a) Equipment obligations are secured by an interest in certain railroad equipment.

Debt Issuance
On November 15, 2018, CSX issued $350 million of 4.25% notes due 2029 and $650 million of 4.75% notes due 2048. These notes are included in the consolidated balance sheets under long-term debt and may be redeemed by the Company at any time, subject to payment of certain make-whole premiums. The net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include repurchases of CSX's common stock, capital investment, working capital requirements, improvements in productivity and other cost reductions at the Company’s major transportation units.
    
On February 20, 2018, CSX issued $800 million of 3.80% notes due 2028, $850 million of 4.30% notes due 2048, and $350 million of 4.65% notes due 2068. These notes are included in the consolidated balance sheets under long-term debt and may be redeemed by the Company at any time, subject to payment of certain make-whole premiums. The net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include repurchases of CSX's common stock, capital investment, working capital requirements, improvements in productivity and other cost reductions at the Company’s major transportation units.

In May 2017, CSX issued $850 million of 3.25% notes due 2027. These notes are included in the consolidated balance sheets under long-term debt and may be redeemed by the Company at any time. The net proceeds have been or will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include repurchases of CSX's common stock, capital investment, working capital requirements, improvement in productivity and other cost reductions at CSX’s major transportation units.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 92
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 9.  Debt and Credit Agreements, continued

Long-term Debt Maturities (Net of Discounts, Premiums and Issuance Costs)
(Dollars in Millions)
Maturities at
Fiscal Years Ending
December 2018
2019
$
18

2020
745

2021
371

2022
192

2023
639

Thereafter
12,792

Total Long-term Debt Maturities, including current portion
$
14,757


Credit Facilities
CSX has a $1 billion unsecured, revolving credit facility backed by a diverse syndicate of banks. The facility allows same-day borrowings at floating (LIBOR-based) interest rates, plus a spread, depending upon CSX's senior unsecured debt ratings. LIBOR is the London Interbank Offered Rate which is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds. This facility expires in May 2020, and as of December 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding balances under the facility.

Commitment fees and interest rates payable under the facility were similar to fees and rates available to comparably rated investment-grade borrowers. As of December 31, 2018, CSX was in compliance with all covenant requirements under the facility.

Commercial Paper
On September 14, 2018, the Company established a commercial paper program, backed by the revolving credit facility, under which the Company may issue unsecured commercial paper notes up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $1 billion. Proceeds from issuances of the notes are expected to be used for general corporate purposes. At December 31, 2018, the Company had no commercial paper outstanding.

Receivables Securitization Facility
On December 4, 2018, the Company terminated its receivables securitization facility which previously served as a source of short-term liquidity of up to $200 million. The Company had no outstanding balance under the facility prior to termination.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 93
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 10.  Other Income - Net

The Company derives income from items that are not considered operating activities. Income from these items is reported net of related expense. All components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs, excluding service cost, are included in other income - net. Miscellaneous income (expense) may fluctuate due to timing and includes investment gains, losses and interest income as well as other non-operating activities. 

As substantially all real estate activities are focused on supporting railroad operations, beginning in first quarter 2017, all results of these activities are included in operating income. Previously, these activities were classified as operating or non-operating based on the nature of the activity. The results of these activities were not material in 2016 and were not reclassified.

Net periodic pension and postretirement benefit credit increased from 2016 to 2017 primarily due to adoption in 2017 of the spot rate approach for measuring employee benefit plan interest costs, pension contributions in 2016 and other favorable benefit plan experience. Interest income increased from 2017 to 2018 primarily as a result of higher average investment balances. Income from real estate operations were recorded as part of operating expenses during 2018 and 2017.

Other income – net consisted of the following:
 
Fiscal Years 
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Net Periodic Pension and Postretirement Benefit Credit (Expense) (a)
$
38

 
$
32

 
$
(24
)
Interest Income
32

 
13

 
10

Income from Non-operating Real Estate Activities
—

 
—

 
27

Miscellaneous Income
4

 
8

 
9

Total Other Income - Net
$
74


$
53


$
22

 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Revenue from Real Estate Operations included above
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
56

(a) Excludes the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 94
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 11.  Income Taxes

Earnings before income taxes of $4.3 billion, $3.1 billion and $2.7 billion for fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, represent earnings from domestic operations. The breakdown of income tax expense between current and deferred is as follows:
 
Fiscal Years
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Current:
 
 
 
Federal
$
572

 
$
787

 
$
540

State
144

 
117

 
82

Subtotal Current
716

 
904

 
622

 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
275

 
(3,277
)
 
355

State
4

 
44

 
50

Subtotal Deferred
279

 
(3,233
)
 
405

Total
$
995

 
$
(2,329
)
 
$
1,027


The Company recorded a 2018 income tax benefit of $62 million primarily as a result of the additional tax benefit associated with vesting of share-based awards, state legislative changes, the settlement of certain state tax matters and a change in the valuation of deferred taxes as a result of filing the 2017 tax returns.

With the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act" or "tax reform") on December 22, 2017, the Company's 2017 financial results included a $3.5 billion, or $3.81 per share, non-cash reduction in income tax expense, primarily resulting from revaluing the Company's net deferred tax liabilities to reflect the enacted 21% federal corporate tax rate effective January 1, 2018. During third quarter 2018, the Company filed its 2017 Federal Income Tax return which resulted in an immaterial adjustment to the deferred tax liability and tax expense.  Accordingly, the Company's accounting for the federal rate reduction under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the Act”) is now complete.

The Company's affiliates also revalued their deferred tax liabilities to reflect the lower federal corporate tax rate, which resulted in the Company recognizing a benefit in 2017 of $142 million, or $0.10 per share after-tax, in equity earnings of affiliates, which is included in operating income. (See additional discussion over equity earnings of affiliates in Note 12, Related Parties and Affiliates.)

In addition to the tax benefit related to tax reform, the Company recorded a 2017 income tax benefit of $21 million primarily as a result of the additional tax benefit associated with vesting of share-based awards, state legislative changes, a change in the apportionment of state taxable income and the related impact on the valuation of deferred taxes and the settlement of certain state tax matters.

In 2016, the Company recorded an income tax expense adjustment of $10 million as a result of a change in the apportionment of state income taxes and the related impact on the valuation of deferred taxes as well as a $7 million tax benefit as a result of federal and state legislative changes.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 95
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 11.  Income Taxes, continued

Income tax expense reconciled to the tax computed at statutory rates is presented in the following table. 
 
Fiscal Years
(Dollars In Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal Income Taxes
$
904

 
21.0
 %
 
$
1,100

 
35.0
 %
 
$
959

 
35.0
 %
State Income Taxes
112

 
2.6
 %
 
102

 
3.2
 %
 
83

 
3.0
 %
Deferred Tax Rate Change
—

 
—
 %
 
(3,506
)
 
(111.6
)%
 
—

 
—
 %
Other
(21
)
 
(0.5
)%
 
(25
)
 
(0.8
)%
 
(15
)
 
(0.5
)%
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense/Rate
$
995

 
23.1
 %
 
$
(2,329
)
 
(74.2
)%
 
$
1,027

 
37.5
 %
    
The primary factors in the change in year-end net deferred income tax liability balances include the annual provision for deferred income tax expense and accumulated other comprehensive income/loss. The significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities include:
 
2018
 
2017
(Dollars in Millions)
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Pension Plans
$
79

 
$
—

 
$
41

 
$
—

Other Employee Benefit Plans
146

 
—

 
182

 
—

Accelerated Depreciation
—

 
6,799

 
—

 
6,576

Other
529

 
645

 
657

 
722

Total
$
754

 
$
7,444

 
$
880

 
$
7,298

Net Deferred Income Tax Liabilities
 

 
$
6,690

 
 

 
$
6,418


The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return, which includes its principal domestic subsidiaries. CSX and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple state jurisdictions. CSX participated in a contemporaneous IRS audit of tax years 2017 and 2018. Federal examinations of original federal income tax returns for all years through 2016 are resolved.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 96
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 11.  Income Taxes, continued

As of December 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company had approximately $12 million, $24 million and $25 million, respectively, of total unrecognized tax benefits as a result of uncertain tax positions. Net tax benefits of $9 million, $19 million and $16 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, could favorably impact the effective income tax rate in each year. The Company does not expect that unrecognized tax benefits as of December 2018 for various state and federal income tax matters will significantly change over the next 12 months. The final outcome of these uncertain tax positions is not yet determinable. The change to the total gross unrecognized tax benefits and prior year audit resolutions of the Company during the fiscal year ended December 2018 is reconciled in the table below.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits:
Fiscal Year
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Balance at beginning of the year
$
24

 
$
25

 
$
23

Additions based on tax positions related to current year
1

 
1

 
1

Additions based on tax positions related to prior years
3

 
4

 
4

Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years
—

 
—

 
—

Settlements with taxing authorities
(11
)
 
(4
)
 
—

Lapse of statute of limitations
(5
)
 
(2
)
 
(3
)
Balance at end of the year
$
12

 
$
24

 
$
25

    
CSX’s continuing practice is to recognize net interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. Included in the consolidated income statements is a benefit of $3 million, and expenses of $3 million and $2 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for changes to reserves for interest and penalties for all prior year tax positions. The Company had $2 million, $6 million and $6 million accrued for interest and penalties at 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for all prior year tax positions.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 97
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 12.  Related Parties and Affiliates

Conrail
Through a limited liability company, CSX and Norfolk Southern Corporation (“NS”) jointly own Conrail. CSX has a 42% economic interest and 50% voting interest in the jointly-owned entity, and NS has the remainder of the economic and voting interests. CSX's investment of $943 million is included on the consolidated balance sheet as investment in Conrail. Pursuant to the Investments-Equity Method and Joint Venture Topic in the ASC, CSX applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in Conrail.

Conrail owns rail infrastructure and operates for the joint benefit of CSX and NS. This is known as the shared asset area. Conrail charges fees for right-of-way usage, equipment rentals and transportation, switching and terminal service charges in the shared asset area. These expenses are included in materials, supplies and other on the consolidated income statements. Future payments due to Conrail under the shared asset area agreements are shown in the table below.

(Dollars in Millions)
Conrail Shared
Years
Asset Agreement
2019
$
27

2020
27

2021
27

2022
27

2023
27

Thereafter
20

Total
$
155


Also, included in equity earnings of affiliates are CSX’s 42 percent share of Conrail’s income and its amortization of the fair value write-up arising from the acquisition of Conrail and certain other adjustments. The amortization primarily represents the additional after-tax depreciation expense related to the write-up of Conrail’s fixed assets when the original purchase price, from the 1997 acquisition of Conrail, was allocated based on fair value. This write-up of fixed assets resulted in a difference between CSX's investment in Conrail and its share of Conrail's underlying net equity, which is $343 million as of December 2018.

The following table discloses amounts related to Conrail. Purchase price amortization and equity earnings are included in equity earnings of affiliates and all other amounts in the table are included in materials, supplies and other expenses on the Company’s consolidated income statements.
 
Fiscal Years 
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Rents, fees and services
$
117

 
$
120

 
$
114

Purchase price amortization and other
4

 
4

 
4

Equity earnings of Conrail
(43
)
 
(58
)
 
(37
)
Total Conrail Expense
$
78

 
$
66

 
$
81



CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 98
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 12.  Related Parties and Affiliates, continued

As required by the Related Party Disclosures Topic in the ASC, the Company has identified amounts below owed to Conrail, or its subsidiaries, representing liabilities under the operating, equipment and shared area agreements with Conrail. In 2014, the Company executed two promissory notes with a subsidiary of Conrail which were included in long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest expense from these promissory notes was $6 million in each 2018, 2017 and 2016.

 
December
 
December
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
Balance Sheet Information:
 
 
 
CSX accounts payable to Conrail
$
153

 
$
123

Promissory notes payable to Conrail subsidiary
 
 
 
2.89% CSX promissory note due October 2044
73

 
73

2.89% CSXT promissory note due October 2044
151

 
151


TTX Company
TTX Company ("TTX") is a privately-held corporation engaged in the business of providing its owner-railroads with standardized fleets of intermodal, automotive and general use railcars at time and mileage rates. CSX owns about 20 percent of TTX's common stock, and the remaining is owned by the other leading North American railroads and their affiliates. CSX's investment in TTX is $688 million and is included in affiliates and other companies in the consolidated balance sheet. Pursuant to the Investments-Equity Method topic in the ASC, CSX applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in TTX.

As required by the Related Party Disclosures Topic in the ASC, the following table discloses amounts related to TTX. Car hire rents are included in equipment and other rents expense and equity earnings are included in equity earnings of affiliates in the Company’s consolidated income statements. Also included below is balance sheet information related to CSX's payable to TTX, which represents car rental liabilities.
 
Fiscal Years
(Dollars in Millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Income statement information:
 
 
 
 
 
Car hire rents
$
223

 
$
237

 
$
233

Equity earnings of TTX
(60
)
 
(157
)
 
(26
)
Total TTX expense
$
163

 
$
80

 
$
207

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December
 
December
 
Balance sheet information:
2018
 
2017
 
CSX payable to TTX
$
36

 
$
43

 
 
 
 
 
 


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 99
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 12.  Related Parties and Affiliates, continued

Tax Reform Effect on Equity Earnings of Affiliates
Due to the enactment of tax reform, the Company recognized a benefit in 2017 of $142 million, or $0.10 per share after-tax, in its equity earnings of affiliates. This benefit was primarily the result of the Company's affiliates (primarily TTX and Conrail) revaluing their deferred tax liabilities to reflect the lower federal corporate tax rate, which favorably impacted their net earnings for 2017. (See additional discussion of tax reform in Note 11, Income Taxes.)

NOTE 13.  Fair Value Measurements

The Financial Instruments Topic in the ASC requires disclosures about fair value of financial instruments in annual reports as well as in quarterly reports. For CSX, this statement applies to certain investments, pension plan assets and long-term debt. Also, the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic in the ASC clarifies the definition of fair value for financial reporting, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires additional disclosures about the use of fair value measurements.   
 
Various inputs are considered when determining the value of the Company's investments, pension plan assets and long-term debt. The inputs or methodologies used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in these securities. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:
•
Level 1 – observable market inputs that are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;
•
Level 2 – other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, credit risk, etc.); and
•
Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in determining the fair value of investments).

The valuation methods described below may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

Investments
The Company's investment assets, valued with assistance from a third-party trustee, consist of certificates of deposits, commercial paper, corporate bonds and government securities and are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet per the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic in the ASC. There are several valuation methodologies used for those assets as described below:

•
Certificates of Deposit and Commercial Paper (Level 2): Valued at amortized cost, which approximates fair value; and
•
Corporate Bonds and Government Securities (Level 2): Valued using broker quotes that utilize observable market inputs.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 100
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 13.  Fair Value Measurements, continued

The Company's investment assets are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets as summarized in the following table. All of the inputs used to determine the fair value of the Company's investments are Level 2 inputs. The amortized cost basis of these investments was $340 million and $91 million as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
(Dollars in Millions)
Level 2
 
Level 2
Certificates of Deposit and Commercial Paper
$
250

 
$
—

Corporate Bonds
56

 
61

Government Securities
35

 
34

Total investments at fair value
$
341

 
$
95


These investments have the following maturities and are represented on the consolidated balance sheet within short-term investments for investments with maturities of less than one year, and other long-term assets for investments with maturities of one year and greater:

(Dollars in Millions)
December 2018
 
December 2017
Less than 1 year
$
253

 
$
18

1 - 5 years
14

 
11

5 - 10 years
26

 
26

Greater than 10 years
48

 
40

Total investments at fair value
$
341

 
$
95


Long-term Debt
Long-term debt is reported at carrying amount on the consolidated balance sheets and is the Company's only financial instrument with fair values significantly different from their carrying amounts. The majority of the Company's long-term debt is valued with assistance from a third party that utilizes closing transactions, market quotes or market values of comparable debt. For those instruments not valued by the third party, the fair value has been estimated by applying market rates of similar instruments to the scheduled contractual debt payments and maturities. These market rates are provided by the same third party.  All of the inputs used to determine the fair value of the Company's long-term debt are Level 2 inputs.

The fair value of outstanding debt fluctuates with changes in a number of factors. Such factors include, but are not limited to, interest rates, market conditions, credit ratings, values of similar financial instruments, size of the transaction, cash flow projections and comparable trades. Fair value will exceed carrying value when the current market interest rate is lower than the interest rate at which the debt was originally issued. The fair value of a company's debt is a measure of its current value under present market conditions. It does not impact the financial statements under current accounting rules.  


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 101
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 13.  Fair Value Measurements, continued

The fair value and carrying value of the Company's long-term debt is as follows:
(Dollars in Millions)
December 2018
 
December 2017
Long-term Debt (Including Current Maturities):
 
 
 
Fair Value
$
14,914

 
$
13,220

Carrying Value
14,757

 
11,809


Pension Plan Assets
Pension plan assets are reported at fair value, net of pension liabilities, on the consolidated balance sheet. The Investment Committee targets an allocation of pension assets to be generally 70% equity and 30% fixed income. There are several valuation methodologies used for those assets as described below.

Investments in the Fair Value Hierarchy
•
Common stock (Level 1): Valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded on the last day of the year and classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
•
Mutual funds (Level 1): Valued at the net asset value of shares held at year end based on quoted market prices determined in an active market. These assets are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
•
Cash and cash equivalents (Level 1):  Includes cash and short term investments with an original maturity of three months or less. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents at year end approximates fair value. These assets are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
•
Corporate bonds, government securities, asset-backed securities and derivatives (Level 2): Valued using price evaluations reflecting the bid and/or ask sides of the market for a similar investment at year end. Asset-backed securities include commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. These assets are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Investments Measured at Net Asset Value
•
Partnerships: Net asset value of private equity is based on the fair market values associated with the underlying investments at year end. These funds have redemption restrictions that require advanced notice of 15 business days.
•
Common collective trust funds: This class consists of private funds that invest in government and corporate securities and various short-term debt instruments and are measured at net asset value to estimate the fair value of the investments. The net asset value of the investments is determined by reference to the fair value of the underlying securities, which are valued primarily through the use of directly or indirectly observable inputs. These funds have redemption restrictions that require advanced notice of up to 15 business days.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 102
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 13.  Fair Value Measurements, continued

The pension plan assets at fair value by level, within the fair value hierarchy, as of calendar plan years 2018 and 2017 are shown in the table below. For additional information related to pension assets, see Note 8, Employee Benefit Plans.
 
Fiscal Years
 
2018
 
2017
(Dollars in Millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Total
Common Stock
$
750

 
$
—

 
$
750

 
$
1,022

 
$
—

 
$
1,022

Mutual funds
7

 
—

 
7

 
14

 
—

 
14

Cash equivalents
3

 
—

 
3

 
2

 
—

 
2

Corporate bonds
—

 
537

 
537

 
—

 
537

 
537

Government securities
—

 
149

 
149

 
—

 
169

 
169

Asset-backed securities
—

 
10

 
10

 
—

 
9

 
9

Derivatives and other
—

 
5

 
5

 
—

 
11

 
11

Total investments in the fair value hierarchy
$
760

 
$
701

 
$
1,461

 
$
1,038

 
$
726

 
$
1,764

Investments measured at net asset value (a)
n/a

 
n/a

 
$
970

 
n/a

 
n/a

 
$
1,069

Investments at fair value
$
760

 
$
701

 
$
2,431

 
$
1,038

 
$
726

 
$
2,833

(a) Investments measured at net asset value represent certain investments that have been measured at net asset value per share (or its equivalent) and thus are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, the fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the pension assets disclosed in Note 8, Employee Benefit Plans.

NOTE 14. Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss)
    
CSX reports comprehensive earnings or loss in accordance with the Comprehensive Income Topic in the ASC in the consolidated comprehensive income statement. Total comprehensive earnings are defined as all changes in shareholders' equity during a period, other than those resulting from investments by and distributions to shareholders (e.g. issuance of equity securities and dividends). Generally, for CSX, total comprehensive earnings equal net earnings plus or minus adjustments for pension and other post-retirement liabilities. Total comprehensive earnings represent the activity for a period net of tax and were $3.1 billion, $5.6 billion and $1.7 billion for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

While total comprehensive earnings is the activity in a period and is largely driven by net earnings in that period, accumulated other comprehensive income or loss (“AOCI”) represents the cumulative balance of other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of the balance sheet date. For CSX, AOCI is primarily the cumulative balance related to pension and other post-retirement benefit adjustments and CSX's share of AOCI of equity method investees.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 103
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 14. Other Comprehensive Income / (Loss), continued

Changes in the AOCI balance by component are shown in the following table. Amounts reclassified in pension and other post-employment benefits to net earnings relate to the amortization of actuarial losses and are included in other income-net on the consolidated income statements. See Note 8. Employee Benefit Plans for further information. Other primarily represents CSX's share of AOCI of equity method investees. Amounts reclassified in other to net earnings are included in equity earnings of affiliates on the consolidated income statements.
 
Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits
Other
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
Balance December 25, 2015 - Net of Tax
$
(601
)
$
(64
)
$
(665
)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
(Loss) Income Before Reclassifications
(16
)
3

(13
)
Amounts Reclassified to Net Earnings
50

1

51

Tax Expense
(13
)
—

(13
)
Total Other Comprehensive Income
21

4

25

Balance December 30, 2016 - Net of Tax
(580
)
(60
)
(640
)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
Income Before Reclassifications
148

13

161

Amounts Reclassified to Net Earnings
56

2

58

Tax Expense
(64
)
(1
)
(65
)
Total Other Comprehensive Income
140

14

154

Balance December 31, 2017 - Net of Tax
(440
)
(46
)
(486
)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
 
 
Reclassification of Stranded Tax Effects (a)
(108
)
1

(107
)
Loss Before Reclassifications
(111
)
(8
)
(119
)
Amounts Reclassified to Net Earnings
38

(6
)
32

Tax Benefit
17

2

19

Total Other Comprehensive Loss
(164
)
(11
)
(175
)
Balance December 31, 2018 - Net of Tax
$
(604
)
$
(57
)
$
(661
)
(a) As the result of a standard update adopted in 2018, certain tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of tax reform were reclassified to retained earnings. See further discussion in New Accounting Pronouncements in Note 1. Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 104
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 15.  Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

Pursuant to Article 3 of the SEC’s Regulation S-X, the following are selected quarterly financial data:

Fiscal Year Ended December 2018 (a)
Quarters
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
1st
 
2nd
 
3rd
 
4th
 
Full Year
Revenue
$
2,876

 
$
3,102

 
$
3,129

 
$
3,143

 
$
12,250

Operating Income
1,044

 
1,283

 
1,293

 
1,249

 
4,869

Net Earnings
695

 
877

 
894

 
843

 
3,309

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings Per Share, Basic
$
0.78

 
$
1.02

 
$
1.05

 
$
1.02

 
$
3.86

Earnings Per Share, Assuming Dilution
0.78

 
1.01

 
1.05

 
1.01

 
3.84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal Year Ended December 2017 (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
2,869

 
$
2,933

 
$
2,743

 
$
2,863

 
$
11,408

Operating Income (c)
769

 
957

 
868

 
1,126

 
3,720

Net Earnings (b)
362

 
510

 
459

 
4,140

 
5,471

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings Per Share, Basic (b)
$
0.39

 
$
0.55

 
$
0.51

 
$
4.63

 
$
6.01

Earnings Per Share, Assuming Dilution (b)
0.39

 
0.55

 
0.51

 
4.62

 
5.99

(a) Prior to third quarter 2017, CSX followed a 52/53 week fiscal reporting calendar and 2017 included 366 days. See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies for details regarding the number of days in each quarterly period presented.
(b) These results for fourth quarter and full year 2017 include a $3.6 billion, or $3.91 per share, net tax reform benefit. See further discussion in Note 11, Income Taxes.
(c) Certain prior year data has been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. See further discussion of reclassification of all components of net periodic benefit cost except service cost from labor and fringe expense to other income - net in Note 1.



CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 105
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 16.  Revenues

The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from the transportation of freight as performance obligations that arise from its contracts with customers are satisfied. The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by lines of business as they best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

 
Fiscal Years
(Dollars in millions)
2018
2017
2016
 
 
 
 
Chemicals
$
2,339

$
2,210

$
2,191

Agricultural and Food Products
1,306

1,262

1,286

Automotive
1,267

1,195

1,261

Forest Products
850

755

773

Metals and Equipment
769

703

704

Minerals
518

477

464

Fertilizers
442

466

463

Total Merchandise
7,491

7,068

7,142

 
 
 
 
Coal
2,246

2,107

1,833

 
 
 
 
Intermodal
1,931

1,799

1,726

 
 
 
 
Other
582

434

368

Total
$
12,250

$
11,408

$
11,069


Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenue from freight billings under contracts with customers generally on a rate per carload, container or ton-basis based on origin to destination and commodities carried. The Company’s performance obligation arises when it receives a bill of lading (“BOL”) to transport a customer's commodities at a negotiated price contained in a transportation services agreement or a publicly disclosed tariff rate. Once a BOL is received, a contract is formed whereby the parties are committed to perform, collectability of consideration is probable and the rights of the parties, shipping terms and conditions, and payment terms are identified. A customer may submit several BOLs for transportation services at various times throughout a service agreement term but each shipment represents a distinct service that is a separately identified performance obligation.

The average transit time to complete a shipment is between 3 to 8 days and payments for transportation services are normally billed once a BOL is received and are generally due within 15 days after the invoice date. The Company recognizes revenue over transit time of freight as it moves from origin to destination. Revenue for services started but not completed at the reporting date is allocated based on the relative transit time in each reporting period, with the portion allocated for services subsequent to the reporting date considered remaining performance obligations.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 106
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 16. Revenues, continued

The certain key estimates included in the recognition and measurement of revenue and related accounts receivable are as follows:

•
Revenue associated with shipments in transit is recognized ratably over transit time and is based on average cycle times to move commodities and products from their origin to their final destination or interchange;
•
Adjustments to revenue for billing corrections and billing discounts;
•
Adjustments to revenue for overcharge claims filed by customers, which are based on historical payments to customers for rate overcharges as a percentage of total billing; and
•
Incentive-based refunds to customers, which are primarily volume-related, are recorded as a reduction to revenue on the basis of the projected liability (this estimate is based on historical activity, current volume levels and forecasted future volume).

Revenue related to interline transportation services that involve the services of another party, such as another railroad, is reported on a net basis. The portion of the gross amount billed to customers that is remitted by the Company to another party is not reflected as revenue.

Other revenue, which includes revenue from regional subsidiary railroads, demurrage, switching and other incidental charges, is recorded upon completion of the service and accounted for 5%, 4%, and 3% of the Company’s total revenue for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectfully. Revenue from regional subsidiary railroads includes shipments by railroads that the Company does not directly operate. Demurrage represents charges assessed when freight cars are held by a customer beyond a specified period of time. Switching revenue is primarily generated when the Company switches cars for a customer or another railroad.

During 2018, 2017 and 2016, revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods (for example, due to changes in transaction price), was not material.

Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to future reporting periods for freight services started but not completed at the reporting date. This includes the unearned portion of billed and unbilled amounts for cancellable freight shipments in transit. The Company expects to recognize the unearned portion of revenue for freight services in transit within one week of the reporting date. As of December 31, 2018, remaining performance obligations were not material.

Contract Balances and Accounts Receivable
The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in accounts receivable and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets, contract liabilities and deferred contract costs recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 were not material.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 107
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 16. Revenues, continued

The Company’s accounts receivable - net consists of freight and non-freight receivables, reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts.

(Dollars in millions)
December 31,
2018
December 31,
2017
 
 
 
Freight Receivables
$
846

$
810

Freight Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
(18
)
(17
)
Freight Receivables, net
828

793

 
 
 
Non-Freight Receivables
190

186

Non-Freight Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
(8
)
(9
)
Non-Freight Receivables, net
182

177

Total Accounts Receivable, net
$
1,010

$
970


Freight receivables include amounts earned, billed and unbilled, and currently due from customers for transportation-related services. Non-freight receivables include amounts billed and unbilled and currently due related to government reimbursement receivables and other non-revenue receivables. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based upon an assessment of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables and economic conditions. Impairment losses recognized on the Company’s accounts receivable were not material in 2018 and 2017.

NOTE 17.  Summarized Consolidating Financial Data

In 2007, CSXT, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CSX Corporation, sold secured equipment notes maturing in 2023 in a registered public offering. CSX has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the notes. In connection with the notes, the Company is providing the following condensed consolidating financial information in accordance with SEC disclosure requirements. Each entity in the consolidating financial information follows the same accounting policies as described in the consolidated financial statements, except for the use of the equity method of accounting to reflect ownership interests in subsidiaries which are eliminated upon consolidation and the allocation of certain expenses of CSX incurred for the benefit of its subsidiaries. Condensed consolidating financial information for the obligor, CSXT, and parent guarantor, CSX, is shown in the following tables.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 108
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 17.  Summarized Consolidating Financial Data, continued

Consolidating Income Statements
(Dollars in Millions)

Fiscal Year Ended December 2018
CSX
Corporation
 
CSX
Transportation
 
Eliminations and Other
 
CSX
Consolidated
Revenue
$
—

 
$
12,174

 
$
76

 
$
12,250

Expense
(344
)
 
7,868

 
(143
)
 
7,381

Operating Income
344

 
4,306

 
219

 
4,869

Equity in Earnings of Subsidiaries
3,580

 
—

 
(3,580
)
 
—

Interest Expense
(742
)
 
(39
)
 
142

 
(639
)
Other Income - Net
24

 
152

 
(102
)
 
74

Earnings Before Income Taxes
3,206

 
4,419

 
(3,321
)
 
4,304

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
103

 
(1,036
)
 
(62
)
 
(995
)
Net Earnings
$
3,309

 
$
3,383

 
$
(3,383
)
 
$
3,309

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Comprehensive Earnings
$
3,134

 
$
3,441

 
$
(3,441
)
 
$
3,134

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal Year Ended December 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
—

 
$
11,334

 
$
74

 
$
11,408

Expense
(158
)
 
8,009

 
(163
)
 
7,688

Operating Income
158

 
3,325

 
237

 
3,720

Equity in Earnings of Subsidiaries
5,810

 
—

 
(5,810
)
 
—

Interest Expense
(582
)
 
(29
)
 
65

 
(546
)
Other Income - Net
7

 
(19
)
 
(20
)
 
(32
)
Earnings Before Income Taxes
5,393

 
3,277

 
(5,528
)
 
3,142

Income Tax Benefit
78

 
2,247

 
4

 
2,329

Net Earnings
$
5,471

 
$
5,524

 
$
(5,524
)
 
$
5,471

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Comprehensive Earnings
$
5,625

 
$
5,538

 
$
(5,538
)
 
$
5,625

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fiscal Year Ended December 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
—

 
$
10,991

 
$
78

 
$
11,069

Expense
(265
)
 
8,086

 
(165
)
 
7,656

Operating Income
265

 
2,905

 
243

 
3,413

Equity in Earnings of Subsidiaries
1,997

 
2

 
(1,999
)
 
—

Interest Expense
(583
)
 
(35
)
 
39

 
(579
)
Other Income - Net
(112
)
 
30

 
(11
)
 
(93
)
Earnings Before Income Taxes
1,567

 
2,902

 
(1,728
)
 
2,741

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
147

 
(1,081
)
 
(93
)
 
(1,027
)
Net Earnings
$
1,714

 
$
1,821

 
$
(1,821
)
 
$
1,714

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Comprehensive Earnings
$
1,739

 
$
1,833

 
$
(1,833
)
 
$
1,739



Certain prior year data has been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 109
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 17.  Summarized Consolidating Financial Data, continued

Consolidating Balance Sheets
(Dollars in Millions)
As of December 31, 2018
CSX
Corporation
 
CSX
Transportation
 
Eliminations and Other
 
CSX
Consolidated
ASSETS
 
Current Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
$
716

 
$
130

 
$
12

 
$
858

Short-term Investments
250

 
—

 
3

 
253

Accounts Receivable - Net
1

 
1,003

 
6

 
1,010

Receivable from Affiliates
1,020

 
5,214

 
(6,234
)
 
—

Materials and Supplies
—

 
263

 
—

 
263

Other Current Assets
63

 
104

 
14

 
181

Total Current Assets
2,050

 
6,714

 
(6,199
)
 
2,565

Properties
1

 
41,897

 
2,907

 
44,805

Accumulated Depreciation
(1
)
 
(11,194
)
 
(1,612
)
 
(12,807
)
Properties - Net
—

 
30,703

 
1,295

 
31,998

Investments in Conrail
—

 
—

 
943

 
943

Affiliates and Other Companies
(39
)
 
859

 
16

 
836

Investment in Consolidated Subsidiaries
32,033

 
—

 
(32,033
)
 
—

Other Long-term Assets
2

 
598

 
(213
)
 
387

Total Assets
$
34,046

 
$
38,874

 
$
(36,191
)
 
$
36,729

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
Current Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts Payable
$
132

 
$
763

 
$
54

 
$
949

Labor and Fringe Benefits Payable
41

 
440

 
69

 
550

Payable to Affiliates
6,973

 
633

 
(7,606
)
 
—

Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves
—

 
99

 
14

 
113

Current Maturities of Long-term Debt
—

 
18

 
—

 
18

Income and Other Taxes Payable
(290
)
 
392

 
4

 
106

Other Current Liabilities
11

 
162

 
6

 
179

Total Current Liabilities
6,867

 
2,507

 
(7,459
)
 
1,915

Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves
—

 
176

 
35

 
211

Long-term Debt
14,029

 
710

 
—

 
14,739

Deferred Income Taxes - Net
(134
)
 
6,601

 
223

 
6,690

Other Long-term Liabilities
721

 
211

 
(338
)
 
594

Total Liabilities
21,483

 
10,205

 
(7,539
)
 
24,149

Shareholders' Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock, $1 Par Value
818

 
181

 
(181
)
 
818

Other Capital
249

 
5,096

 
(5,096
)
 
249

Retained Earnings
12,157

 
23,322

 
(23,322
)
 
12,157

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
(661
)
 
53

 
(53
)
 
(661
)
Noncontrolling Minority Interest
—

 
17

 
—

 
17

Total Shareholders' Equity
12,563

 
28,669

 
(28,652
)
 
12,580

Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
$
34,046

 
$
38,874

 
$
(36,191
)
 
$
36,729


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 110
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 17.  Summarized Consolidating Financial Data, continued

Consolidating Balance Sheets
(Dollars in Millions)
As of December 31, 2017
CSX Corporation
 
CSX Transportation
 
Eliminations and Other
 
CSX
Consolidated
ASSETS
 
Current Assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash and Cash Equivalents
$
274

 
$
121

 
$
6

 
$
401

Short-term Investments
—

 
—

 
18

 
18

Accounts Receivable - Net
(1
)
 
301

 
670

 
970

Receivable from Affiliates
1,226

 
3,517

 
(4,743
)
 
—

Materials and Supplies
—

 
372

 
—

 
372

Other Current Assets
(1
)
 
145

 
10

 
154

Total Current Assets
1,498

 
4,456

 
(4,039
)
 
1,915

Properties
1

 
41,479

 
2,844

 
44,324

Accumulated Depreciation
(1
)
 
(11,017
)
 
(1,542
)
 
(12,560
)
Properties - Net
—

 
30,462

 
1,302

 
31,764

Investments in Conrail
—

 
—

 
907

 
907

Affiliates and Other Companies
(39
)
 
800

 
18

 
779

Investment in Consolidated Subsidiaries
29,405

 
—

 
(29,405
)
 
—

Other Long-term Assets
39

 
596

 
(261
)
 
374

Total Assets
$
30,903

 
$
36,314

 
$
(31,478
)
 
$
35,739

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
Current Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts Payable
$
105

 
$
708

 
$
34

 
$
847

Labor and Fringe Benefits Payable
52

 
494

 
56

 
602

Payable to Affiliates
4,792

 
552

 
(5,344
)
 
—

Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves
—

 
95

 
13

 
108

Current Maturities of Long-term Debt
—

 
19

 
—

 
19

Income and Other Taxes Payable
(326
)
 
455

 
28

 
157

Other Current Liabilities
5

 
153

 
3

 
161

Total Current Liabilities
4,628

 
2,476

 
(5,210
)
 
1,894

Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves
—

 
222

 
44

 
266

Long-term Debt
11,056

 
733

 
1

 
11,790

Deferred Income Taxes - Net
(130
)
 
6,342

 
206

 
6,418

Other Long-term Liabilities
644

 
320

 
(314
)
 
650

Total Liabilities
16,198

 
10,093

 
(5,273
)
 
21,018

Shareholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock, $1 Par Value
890

 
181

 
(181
)
 
890

Other Capital
217

 
5,096

 
(5,096
)
 
217

Retained Earnings
14,084

 
20,933

 
(20,933
)
 
14,084

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
(486
)
 
(5
)
 
5

 
(486
)
Noncontrolling Minority Interest
—

 
16

 
—

 
16

Total Shareholders' Equity
14,705

 
26,221

 
(26,205
)
 
14,721

Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
$
30,903

 
$
36,314

 
$
(31,478
)
 
$
35,739



CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 111
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 17.  Summarized Consolidating Financial Data, continued

Consolidating Cash Flow Statements
(Dollars in Millions)
Fiscal Year Ended December 2018
CSX Corporation
 
CSX Transportation
 
Eliminations and Other
 
CSX
Consolidated
Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
$
3,182

 
$
1,657

 
$
(198
)
 
$
4,641

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property Additions
—

 
(1,580
)
 
(165
)
 
(1,745
)
Purchases of Short-term Investments
(734
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
(736
)
Proceeds from Sales of Short-term Investments
485

 
—

 
20

 
505

Proceeds from Property Dispositions
—

 
319

 
—

 
319

Other Investing Activities
(4
)
 
638

 
(661
)
 
(27
)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
(253
)
 
(623
)
 
(808
)
 
(1,684
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term Debt Issued
3,000

 
—

 
—

 
3,000

Long-term Debt Repaid
—

 
(19
)
 
—

 
(19
)
Dividends Paid
(751
)
 
(1,000
)
 
1,000

 
(751
)
Shares Repurchased
(4,671
)
 
—

 
—

 
(4,671
)
Other Financing Activities
(65
)
 
(6
)
 
12

 
(59
)
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
(2,487
)
 
(1,025
)
 
1,012

 
(2,500
)
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents
442

 
9

 
6

 
457

Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
274

 
121

 
6

 
401

Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
$
716

 
$
130

 
$
12

 
$
858


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 112
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 17.  Summarized Consolidating Financial Data, continued

Consolidating Cash Flow Statements
(Dollars in Millions)
Fiscal Year Ended December 2017
CSX Corporation
 
CSX Transportation
 
Eliminations and Other
 
CSX
Consolidated
Operating Activities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
$
1,719

 
$
2,112

 
$
(359
)
 
$
3,472

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property Additions
—

 
(1,848
)
 
(192
)
 
(2,040
)
Purchases of Short-term Investments
(774
)
 
—

 
(8
)
 
(782
)
Proceeds from Sales of Short-term Investments
1,190

 
—

 
3

 
1,193

Proceeds from Property Dispositions
—

 
97

 
—

 
97

Other Investing Activities
(2
)
 
94

 
(55
)
 
37

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
414

 
(1,657
)
 
(252
)
 
(1,495
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term Debt Issued
850

 
—

 
—

 
850

Long-term Debt Repaid
(313
)
 
(20
)
 
—

 
(333
)
Dividends Paid
(708
)
 
(600
)
 
600

 
(708
)
Shares Repurchased
(1,970
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,970
)
Other Financing Activities
(23
)
 
5

 
—

 
(18
)
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
(2,164
)
 
(615
)
 
600

 
(2,179
)
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents
(31
)
 
(160
)
 
(11
)
 
(202
)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
305

 
281

 
17

 
603

Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
$
274

 
$
121

 
$
6

 
$
401



CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 113
CSX CORPORATION

PART II
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

NOTE 17.  Summarized Consolidating Financial Data, continued

Consolidating Cash Flow Statements
(Dollars in Millions)
Fiscal Year Ended December 2016
CSX Corporation
 
CSX Transportation
 
Eliminations and Other
 
CSX
Consolidated
Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
$
453

 
$
2,950

 
$
(362
)
 
$
3,041

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property Additions
—

 
(2,208
)
 
(190
)
 
(2,398
)
Purchases of Short-term Investments
(929
)
 
—

 
—

 
(929
)
Proceeds from Sales of Short-term Investments
1,325

 
—

 
—

 
1,325

Proceeds from Property Dispositions
—

 
195

 
—

 
195

Other Investing Activities
(41
)
 
91

 
(41
)
 
9

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
355

 
(1,922
)
 
(231
)
 
(1,798
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term Debt Issued
2,200

 
—

 
—

 
2,200

Long-term Debt Repaid
(1,400
)
 
(19
)
 
—

 
(1,419
)
Dividends Paid
(680
)
 
(600
)
 
600

 
(680
)
Shares Repurchased
(1,056
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,056
)
Other Financing Activities
(11
)
 
(303
)
 
1

 
(313
)
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
(947
)
 
(922
)
 
601

 
(1,268
)
Net (Decrease) Increase in
Cash and Cash Equivalents
(139
)
 
106

 
8

 
(25
)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
444

 
175

 
9

 
628

Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
$
305

 
$
281

 
$
17

 
$
603




CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 114

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of December 31, 2018, under the supervision and with the participation of CSX's Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level in timely alerting them to material information required to be included in CSX’s periodic SEC reports.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
CSX’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of the management of CSX, including CSX’s CEO and CFO, CSX conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based on the 2013 framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, which is also referred to as COSO. Based on that evaluation, management of CSX concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018. Management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting is expressed at the level of reasonable assurance because a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the control system's objectives will be met.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included elsewhere herein.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 115

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of CSX Corporation

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited CSX Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, CSX Corporation (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of CSX Corporation as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in shareholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes of the Company and our report dated February 6, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 116

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM, continued

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.


/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Jacksonville, Florida
February 6, 2019
 

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 117

CSX CORPORATION
PART II

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no material changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.  Other Information
None

PART III

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant and Corporate Governance
In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement. The Proxy Statement will be filed not later than April 30, 2019 with respect to the 2019 annual meeting of shareholders, except for the information regarding the executive officers of the Company. Information regarding executive officers is included in Part I of this report under the caption "Executive Officers of the Registrant."

Item 11.  Executive Compensation
In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above).

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above).

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above).

Item 14.  Principal Accounting Fees and Services
In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above).

PART IV

Item 15.  Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1) Financial Statements
See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
      The information required by Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, is included in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Casualty, Environmental and Other Reserves. All other financial statement schedules are not applicable.
(3) Exhibits
The documents listed below are being filed or have previously been filed on behalf of CSX and are incorporated herein by reference from the documents indicated and made a part hereof. Exhibits not previously filed are filed herewith.

Pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b)(4)(iii), instruments that define the rights of holders of the Registrant's long-term debt securities, where the long-term debt securities authorized under each such instrument do not exceed 10% of the Registrant's total assets, have been omitted and will be furnished to the Commission upon request.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 118

CSX CORPORATION
PART IV

Exhibit designation
Nature of exhibit
Previously filed
as exhibit to
2.1
September 2, 2004,
Exhibit 2.1, Form 8-K
3.1
October 9, 2015,
Exhibit 3.1, Form 8-K
3.2

July 11, 2017,
Exhibit 3.1, Form 8-K
Instruments Defining the Rights of Security Holders, Including Debentures:
4.1(a)(P)
Indenture, dated August 1, 1990, between the Registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee
September 7, 1990,
Form SE
4.1(b)(P)
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 15, 1991, between the Registrant and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee
May 28, 1992,
Exhibit 4(c), Form SE
4.1(c)
June 5, 1997,
Exhibit 4.3, Form S-4
(Registration No. 333-28523)

4.1(d)
May 12, 1998,
Exhibit 4.2, Form 8-K

4.1(e)
November 7, 2001,
Exhibit 4.1, Form 10-Q

4.1(f)
October 27, 2003,
Exhibit 4.1, Form 8-K

4.1(g)
November  3, 2004,
Exhibit 4.1, Form 10-Q

4.1(h)
April 26, 2007,
Exhibit 4.4, Form 8-K

4.1(i)
April 19, 2010,
Exhibit 4.1, Form 10-Q

Material Contracts:
10.1**
February 22, 2008,
Exhibit 10.2, Form 10-K

10.2**
February 22, 2008,
Exhibit 10.3, Form 10-K

10.3**
March 4, 1994,
Exhibit 10.4, Form 10-K
10.4**
March 4, 1994,
Exhibit 10.5, Form 10-K
10.5**
March 4, 2002,
Exhibit 10.23, Form 10-K


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 119

CSX CORPORATION
PART IV

Exhibit designation
Nature of exhibit
Previously filed
as exhibit to
10.6**
March 4, 2002,
Exhibit 10.24, Form 10-K

10.7
July 8, 1997,
Exhibit 10, Form 8-K

10.8
June 11, 1999,
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K

10.9
June 11, 1999,
Exhibit 10.2, Form 8-K

10.10
March 1, 2001,
Exhibit 10.34, Form 10-K

10.11
August 6, 2004,
Exhibit 99.1, Form 8-K

10.12
September 2, 2004,
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K

10.13
June 11, 1999,
Exhibit 10.6, Form 8-K,
10.14
June 11, 1999,
Exhibit 10.4, Form 8-K

10.15
June 11, 1999,
Exhibit 10.5, Form 8-K

10.16
June 11, 1999,
Exhibit 10.7, Form 8-K

10.17
September 2, 2004,
Exhibit 10.2, Form 8-K


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 120

CSX CORPORATION
PART IV

Exhibit designation
Nature of exhibit
Previously filed
as exhibit to
10.18

May 28, 2015,
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K
10.19**
May 7, 2010,
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K
10.20**
February 16, 2016,
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K
10.21**
February 16, 2016,
Exhibit 10.2, Form 8-K
10.22**
February 16, 2016,
Exhibit 10.3, Form 8-K
10.23**
February 16, 2016,
Exhibit 10.5, Form 8-K
10.24**
October 12, 2016,
Exhibit 10.1, Form 10-Q
10.25**
February 27, 2017
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K
10.26**
February 27, 2017
Exhibit 10.4, Form 8-K
10.27**
February 27, 2017
Exhibit 10.2, Form 8-K
10.28**
February 27, 2017
Exhibit 10.3, Form 8-K
10.29
March 7, 2017
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K
10.30
April 3, 2017
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K
10.31**
April 20, 2017
Exhibit 10.09, Form 10-Q
10.32**
April 20, 2017
Exhibit 10.08, Form 10-Q
10.33**
April 20, 2017
Exhibit 10.07, Form 10-Q
10.34**
June 16, 2017
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K
10.35**
January 12, 2018
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K
10.36**
February 7, 2018
Exhibit 10.41, Form 10-K
10.37**
February 7, 2018
Exhibit 10.42, Form 10-K
10.38**
February 7, 2018
Exhibit 10.43, Form 10-K
10.39**
February 12, 2018
Exhibit 10.1, Form 8-K

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 121

CSX CORPORATION
PART IV

Exhibit designation
Nature of exhibit
Previously filed
as exhibit to
10.40**
February 12, 2018
Exhibit 10.2, Form 8-K
Officer certifications:
31*
 
32*
 
Interactive data files:
101*
The following financial information from CSX Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 6, 2019, formatted in XBRL includes: (i) Consolidated Income Statements for the fiscal periods ended December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017, and December 30, 2016, (ii) Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statements for the fiscal periods ended December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017, and December 30, 2016, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, (iv) Consolidated Cash Flow Statements for the fiscal periods ended December 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and December 30, 2016, and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Other exhibits:
21*
 
23*
 
24*
 
 
 
 
 
 * Filed herewith
 
** Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement
 
(P) This Exhibit has been paper filed and is not subject to Item 601 of Reg S-K for hyperlinks.
 
Note: Items not filed herewith have been submitted in previous SEC filings.

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 122

SIGNATURES



Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CSX CORPORATION
(Registrant)

By:   /s/ANGELA C. WILLIAMS
Angela C. Williams
Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
Dated: February 6, 2019
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 6, 2019.



Signature
 
Title
 
 
 
/s/ JAMES M. FOOTE
 
Chief Executive Officer and Director
 James M. Foote
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
/s/ FRANK A. LONEGRO
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial
 Frank A. Lonegro
 
Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
/s/ANGELA C. WILLIAMS
 
Vice President and Controller
Angela C. Williams
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
/s/ NATHAN D. GOLDMAN
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Corporate Secretary
 Nathan D. Goldman
 
*Attorney-in-Fact
 
 
 


CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 123

SIGNATURES


Signature
 
Title
 
 
 
*
 
Chairman of the Board and Director

 John J. Zillmer
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 Donna M. Alvarado
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 John B. Breaux
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 Pamela L. Carter
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 Steven T. Halverson
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 Paul C. Hilal
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 John D. McPherson
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 David M. Moffett
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 Linda H. Riefler
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Director
 J. Steven Whisler
 
 
 
 
 

CSX 2018 Form 10-K p. 124