Customers Bancorp, Inc. - Annual Report: 2014 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

________________________________________

FORM 10-K

________________________________________

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014

001-35542

(Commission File Number)

________________________________________

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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Pennsylvania		27-2290659
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1015 Penn Avenue

Suite 103

Wyomissing PA 19610

(Address of principal executive offices)

(610) 933-2000

(Registrants telephone number, including area code)

N/A

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on which Registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share		New York Stock Exchange
6.375% Senior Notes due 2018		New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):



Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x

Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $450,339,717 as of June 30, 2014, based upon the closing price quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market for such date. Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director have been excluded because such persons may under certain circumstances be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of executive officer or affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

On February 20, 2015, 25,685,524 shares of Voting Common Stock and 1,121,730 shares of Class B Non-Voting Common Stock were issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be delivered to shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 23, 2015 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report.

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INDEX



		PAGE

PART I
Item 1.	Business	4
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	18
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	37
Item 2.	Properties	38
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	39
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	39

PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	39
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	42
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	49
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	80
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	82
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	144
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	144
Item 9B.	Other Information	144

PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	145
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	145
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters	145
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	145
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	145

PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	146
	SIGNATURES	150

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Customers Bancorp, Inc. (“the Bancorp”), may from time to time make written or oral “forward-looking statements,” including statements contained in the Bancorp’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (including this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the exhibits hereto and thereto), in our reports to shareholders and in other communications by the Bancorp, which are made in good faith by the Bancorp pursuant to the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to the Bancorp’s beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, estimates and intentions, that are subject to significant risk and uncertainties, and are subject to change based on various factors (some of which are beyond the Bancorp’s control). The words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “plans,” “intends,” or “anticipates” or the negative thereof or comparable terminology, or discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties, identify forward-looking statements which generally are not historical in nature. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and estimates regarding future events and circumstances and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks described under “Risk Factors” that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. This information is based on various assumptions that may not prove to be correct.

In addition to the risks described in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, important factors to consider and evaluate in such forward-looking statements include:


•	Changes in the external competitive market factors that might impact results of operations;


•	Changes in laws and regulations, including without limitation changes in capital requirements under Basel III and federal prompt corrective action regulations;


•	Changes in business strategy or an inability to execute strategy due to the occurrence of unanticipated events;


•	Ability to identify potential candidates for, and consummate, acquisition or investment transactions;


•	Timing of acquisition or investment transactions;


•	Constraints on our ability to consummate an attractive acquisition or investment transaction because of significant competition for these opportunities;


•	Failure to complete any or all of the transactions described herein on the terms currently contemplated;


•	Local, regional and national economic conditions and events and the impact they may have on the Bancorp and its customers;


•	Ability to attract and retain appropriate levels of deposits and other sources of liquidity;


•	Changes in the financial performance and/or condition of the Bank’s borrowers;


•	Changes in the level of non-performing and classified assets and charge-offs;


•	Changes in estimates of future loan loss reserve requirements based upon the periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements;


•	Changes in capital structure resulting from future capital offerings or acquisitions;


•	Inflation, interest rate, securities market and monetary fluctuations;


•	Timely development and acceptance of new banking products and services and perceived overall value of these products and services by users;


•	Changes in consumer spending, borrowing and saving habits;


•	Technological changes;


•	Ability to increase market share and control expenses;


•	Continued volatility in the credit and equity markets and its effect on the general economy;


•	Effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other accounting standard setters;

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•	Ability to integrate contemplated and future acquisition targets may be unsuccessful, or may be more difficult, time consuming or costly than expected;


•	Material differences in the actual financial results of merger and acquisition activities compared with expectations, such as with respect to the full realization of anticipated cost savings and revenue enhancements within an expected time frame; and


•	Deposit attrition, customer loss and business disruption following the merger, including, without limitation, difficulties in maintaining relationships with employees being greater than expected.

These forward-looking statements are subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of the Bancorp. Although the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are currently believed to be reasonable, future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements cannot be guaranteed. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that actual results will meet expectations or will not be materially lower than the results contemplated in this document and the attachments hereto. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this document or, in the case of documents referred to, the dates of those documents. Neither the Bancorp nor Customers Bank undertakes any obligation to release publicly or otherwise provide any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as may be required under applicable law.

CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

PART I


Item 1.	Business

Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-K to “Customers Bancorp” or the “Bancorp” refer to Customers Bancorp, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries for all periods on or after September 17, 2011 and Customers Bank for all periods before September 17, 2011. References in this Form 10-K to “Customers Bank” or the “Bank” refer to Customers Bank, a Pennsylvania state-chartered bank and wholly owned subsidiary of Customers Bancorp. All share and per share information has been retrospectively restated to reflect the Reorganization (as defined below), including the one-for-three consideration (i.e., each three shares of Customers Bank was exchanged for one share of Customers Bancorp) used in the reorganization.

Business Summary

Customers Bancorp, through its wholly owned subsidiary Customers Bank, provides financial products and services to small businesses, not-for-profits, and consumers through its branches and offices in Southeastern Pennsylvania (Bucks, Berks, Chester, Delaware and Philadelphia Counties), Rye Brook and New York, New York (Westchester and New York Counties), Hamilton, New Jersey (Mercer County), Providence, Rhode Island (Providence County) and Boston, Massachusetts (Suffolk County). Customers Bank also provides liquidity to the mortgage market nationwide through the operation of its loans to mortgage banking companies. At December 31, 2014, Customers Bancorp had total assets of $6.8 billion, including net loans (including held-for-sale loans) of $5.7 billion, total deposits of $4.5 billion, and shareholders’ equity of $0.4 billion.

Customers Bancorp’s strategic plan is to become a leading regional bank holding company through organic growth and value-added acquisitions. Customers Bancorp differentiates itself from its competitors through its focus on exceptional customer service supported by state of the art technology. The primary customers of Customers Bank are privately held businesses, consumers, business customers, and not-for-profit organizations. Customers Bank also focuses on certain low-cost, low-risk specialty lending areas such as multi-family/commercial real estate lending and lending to mortgage banking businesses. The Bank’s lending activities are funded by deposits from its branch model, which seeks higher deposit levels per branch than a typical bank, combined with lower branch operating expenses, without sacrificing exceptional customer service. Customers Bancorp also creates franchise value through its disciplined approach to acquisitions, both in terms of identifying targets and structuring transactions. Enterprise risk management is an important part of the strategies Customers Bancorp employs.

The management team of Customers Bancorp consists of experienced banking executives led by its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Jay Sidhu, who joined Customers Bank in June 2009. Mr. Sidhu brings 40 years of banking experience, including 20 years as the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Sovereign Bancorp. In addition to Mr. Sidhu, many of the members of the current management team have experience working together at Sovereign with Mr. Sidhu. Many other team members joining the Customers Bancorp management team have significant experience helping build and lead other banking

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organizations. Combined, the Customers Bancorp management team has significant experience in building a banking organization, completing and integrating mergers and acquisitions, and developing valuable community and business relationships in its core markets.

Background and History

Customers Bancorp was incorporated in Pennsylvania in April 2010 to facilitate a reorganization into a bank holding company structure pursuant to which Customers Bank became a wholly owned subsidiary of Customers Bancorp (the “Reorganization”) on September 17, 2011. Pursuant to the Reorganization, all of the issued and outstanding shares of Voting Common Stock and Class B Non-Voting Common Stock of Customers Bank were exchanged on a one-for-three basis for shares of Voting Common Stock and Class B Non-Voting Common Stock, respectively, of Customers Bancorp. Customers Bancorp’s corporate headquarters are located at 1015 Penn Avenue, Wyomissing, Pennsylvania 19610. The main telephone number is (610) 933-2000.

The deposits of Customers Bank, which was chartered as New Century Bank in 1994, are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Customers Bank’s home office is located at 99 Bridge Street, Phoenixville, Pennsylvania 19460. The main telephone number is (610) 933-2000.

Executive Summary

Customers Bancorp’s Markets

Market Criteria

Customers Bancorp looks to grow organically as well as through selective acquisitions in its current and prospective markets. Customers Bancorp believes that there is significant opportunity to both enhance its presence in its current markets and enter new complementary markets that meet its objectives. Customers Bancorp focuses on markets that it believes are characterized by some or all of the following:


•	Population density;


•	Concentration of business activity;


•	Attractive deposit bases;


•	Large market share held by large banks;


•	Advantageous competitive landscape that provides opportunity to achieve meaningful market presence;


•	Lack of consolidation in the banking sector and corresponding opportunities for add-on transactions;


•	Potential for economic growth over time;


•	Management experience in the applicable markets.

Current Markets

Customers Bancorp’s target market is broadly defined as extending from the greater Washington, D.C. area to Boston, Massachusetts roughly following Interstate 95. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had bank branches or limited purpose offices (“LPOs”) in the following cities:



Market	Offices	Type
Berks County, PA	4	Branch
Boston, Massachusetts	1	LPO
Mercer County, NJ	1	Branch
New York, NY	1	LPO
Philadelphia-Southeastern PA	8	Branch/LPO
Providence, RI	1	LPO
Westchester County, NY	1	Branch/LPO

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Customers Bancorp believes its target market has highly attractive demographic, economic and competitive dynamics that are consistent with its objectives and favorable to executing its organic growth and acquisition strategies.

Prospective Markets

The organic growth strategy of Customers Bancorp focuses on expanding market share in its existing and contiguous markets by generating deposits, loan and fee based services through high-touch personalized service supported by state of the art technology for the Bank’s commercial, consumer, not-for-profit, and specialized lending markets. The acquisition strategy of Customers Bancorp has traditionally focused on undervalued and troubled community banks in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Maryland, Virginia and New England, where such acquisitions further the Bancorp’s objectives and meet its critical success factors. As Customers Bancorp evaluates potential acquisition and asset purchase opportunities, it believes there are many banking institutions that continue to face credit challenges, capital constraints and liquidity issues and that lack the scale and management expertise to manage the increasing regulatory burden.

Competitive Strengths

•

Experienced and respected management team. An integral element of the business strategy of Customers Bancorp is to capitalize on and leverage the prior experience of its executive management team. The management team is led by Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Jay Sidhu, who is the former Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Sovereign Bancorp. In addition to Mr. Sidhu, many of the members of the current management team of Customers Bancorp have experience working together at Sovereign with Mr. Sidhu, including Richard Ehst, President and Chief Operating Officer of Customers Bank and Warren Taylor, President of BankMobile and Chief Marketing Officer for Customers Bank. During their tenure at Sovereign, these individuals established a track record of producing strong financial results, integrating acquisitions, managing risk, working with regulators and achieving organic growth and expense control. Team leaders Timothy Romig, Steve Issa, and George Maroulis head the Pennsylvania, Boston/Providence, and New York commercial lending areas, respectively, with 31, 38, and 23 years of experience, respectively. Ken Keiser leads the commercial real estate and multi-family lending group and brings more than 38 years of experience including oversight of the Mid Atlantic commercial real estate group at Sovereign. In addition, the residential lending group, which includes mortgage loans to individuals and commercial loans (warehouse facilities) to residential mortgage originators, is led by Glenn Hedde, President of Warehouse Lending who brings more than 24 years of experience in this sector. This team has significant experience in successfully building a banking organization as well as existing valuable community and business relationships in our core markets.

•

Unique Asset and Deposit Generation Strategies. Customers Bancorp focuses on local market lending combined with relatively low-risk specialty lending segments. Local market asset generation provides various types of business lending products and consumer lending products, such as mortgage loans and home equity loans. The Bank has also established a multi-family and commercial real estate product line that is focused on the Mid-Atlantic region, particularly New York City. The strategy is to focus on refinancing existing loans with conservative underwriting and to keep costs low. Through the multi-family and commercial real estate product, Customers Bank earns interest and fee income and generates commercial deposits. Customers Bank also maintains a specialty lending business, commercial loans to mortgage originators, which is a national business where the Bank provides liquidity to non-depository mortgage companies to fund their mortgage pipelines and meet other business needs. Through the loans to mortgage bankers business, Customers Bank earns interest and fee income and generates core deposits.

•

Attractive risk profile. Customers Bancorp has sought to maintain high asset quality and moderate credit risk by using conservative underwriting standards and early identification of potential problem assets. The Bancorp has also formed a special assets department to both manage the covered assets portfolio and to review other classified and non-performing assets. As of December 31, 2014, only $422.3 million, or 7.3%, of the Bank’s loans (by dollar amount) were acquired loans. Additionally, 36.2% of the Bank's non-performing loans and 61.5% of the Bank’s other real estate owned (“OREO”) (each by dollar amount), are covered by a loss sharing arrangement with the FDIC in which the FDIC will reimburse the Bank for 80% of its losses on these assets.

Please refer to the Asset Quality tables regarding legacy and acquired loans appearing in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section.


•	Superior Community Banking Model. Customers Bancorp expects to drive organic growth by employing its “concierge banking” strategy, which provides specific relationship managers or private bankers for all customers, delivering an appointment banking approach available 12 hours a day, seven days a week. This allows the Bank

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to provide services in a personalized, convenient and expeditious manner. This approach, coupled with superior technology, including remote account opening, remote deposit capture and mobile banking, results in a competitive advantage over larger institutions, which management believes contributes to the profitability of its franchise and allows the Bank to generate core deposits. The “high-tech, high-touch,” model of Customers Bancorp requires less staff and smaller branch locations to operate, thereby significantly reducing operating costs.

•

Acquisition Expertise. The depth of Customers Bancorp’s management team and their experience working together and successfully completing acquisitions provides unique insight in identifying and analyzing potential markets and acquisition targets. The experience of Customers Bancorp’s team, which includes the acquisition and integration of over 35 institutions, as well as numerous asset and branch acquisitions, provides to the Bancorp a substantial advantage in pursuing and consummating future acquisitions. Additionally, management believes the Bancorp’s strengths in structuring transactions to limit its risk, its experience in the financial reporting and regulatory process related to troubled bank acquisitions, and its ongoing risk management expertise, particularly in problem loan workouts, collectively enable it to capitalize on the potential of the franchises it acquires. With the Bancorp’s depth of operational experience in connection with completing merger and acquisition transactions, it expects to be able to integrate and reposition acquired franchises cost-efficiently and with a minimum disruption to customer relationships.

Customers Bancorp believes its ability to operate efficiently is enhanced by its centralized risk management structure, its access to attractive labor and real estate costs in its markets, and an infrastructure that is unencumbered by legacy systems. Furthermore, Customers Bancorp anticipates additional expense synergies from the integration of its acquisitions, which it believes will enhance its financial performance.

Acquisitions

Since July 2010, Customers Bancorp completed three acquisitions, two of which were FDIC-assisted transactions. Customers Bancorp believes it has structured acquisitions that limit its credit risk, which has positioned it for attractive risk-adjusted returns. A summary of these acquisitions appears below.

2011 Acquisition

Berkshire Bancorp Acquisition

On September 17, 2011, Customers Bancorp acquired Berkshire Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiary Berkshire Bank. Berkshire Bancorp served Berks County, Pennsylvania through five branches. On the closing date, Berkshire Bancorp had total assets of approximately $132.5 million, including total loans of $98.4 million, and total liabilities of approximately $122.8 million, including total deposits of $121.9 million. Under the terms of the merger agreement, each outstanding share of Berkshire Bancorp common stock was exchanged for 0.1534 shares of Customers Bancorp’s Voting Common Stock, resulting in the issuance of 623,686 shares of Customers Bancorp’s Voting Common Stock. The total purchase price was approximately $11.3 million, representing a price to tangible book value of Berkshire Bancorp common stock of 1.25%. This transaction was immediately accretive to earnings.

In addition, as part of the transaction, Customers Bancorp exchanged shares of its preferred stock for the preferred stock that was issued by Berkshire Bancorp as part of the U.S. Treasury’s Troubled Asset Relief Program. Those shares were subsequently redeemed. In addition, warrants to purchase shares of Berkshire Bancorp common stock were converted into warrants to purchase shares of Customers Bancorp’s Voting Common Stock.

Berkshire Bancorp’s operating results are included in Customers Bancorp’s financial results from the date of acquisition.

2010 Acquisitions

FDIC-Assisted Transaction: USA Bank Acquisition

On July 9, 2010, Customers Bank acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed all of the non-brokered deposits and substantially all other liabilities of USA Bank from the FDIC, as receiver. The transaction consisted of assets with a fair value of $221.1 million, including $124.7 million of loans (with a corresponding unpaid principal balance (“UPB”), of $153.6 million), a $22.7 million FDIC loss sharing receivable and $3.4 million of foreclosed assets. Liabilities with a fair value of $202.1 million were also assumed, including $179.3 million of non-brokered deposits. Customers Bank also received cash consideration from the FDIC of $25.6 million. Furthermore, Customers Bank recognized a bargain purchase gain before taxes of $28.2 million, which represented 12.2% of the fair value of the total assets acquired.

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Concurrently with the acquisition of USA Bank, the FDIC agreed to absorb a portion of the future credit losses and workout expenses through loss sharing agreements that cover certain legacy assets, including the entire loan portfolio and other real estate owned. At July 9, 2010, the covered assets consisted of assets with a book value of $126.7 million. The total UPB of the covered assets at July 9, 2010 was $159.2 million. Customers Bank acquired other USA Bank assets that were not covered by the loss sharing agreements with the FDIC including cash and certain investment securities purchased at fair market value. The loss sharing agreements do not apply to subsequently acquired, purchased, or originated assets. Customers Bank entered into this transaction to expand its franchise into a lucrative new market, accrete its book value per share, and add significant capital.

Pursuant to the terms of the loss sharing agreements, the FDIC reimburses Customers Bank for 80% of losses, calculated, in each case, based on UPB plus certain interest and expenses. Customers Bank reimburses the FDIC for its share of recoveries with respect to losses for which the FDIC has paid Customers Bank in reimbursement under the loss sharing agreements. The FDIC’s guarantee for commercial loans expires in July 2015 and for residential mortgage loans in July 2020. As of December 31, 2014, Customers’ remaining covered loans from the USA Bank Acquisition totaled $27.6 million, of which $10.1 million was not paying in accordance with the contractual provisions.

Customers Bank has received an aggregate of $26.7 million from the FDIC in reimbursements under the loss sharing agreements for claims filed for losses incurred through December 31, 2014.

FDIC-Assisted Transaction: ISN Bank Acquisition

On September 17, 2010, Customers Bank acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed all of the non-brokered deposits and substantially all other liabilities of ISN Bank from the FDIC, as receiver. The transaction consisted of assets with a fair value of $83.9 million, including $51.3 million of loans (with a corresponding UPB of $58.2 million), a $5.6 million FDIC loss sharing receivable and $1.2 million of foreclosed assets. Liabilities with a fair value of $75.8 million were also assumed, including $71.9 million of non-brokered deposits. Customers Bank received cash consideration from the FDIC of $5.9 million. Furthermore, Customers Bank recognized a bargain purchase gain before taxes of $12.1 million, which represented 14.4% of the fair value of the total assets acquired.

Concurrently with the acquisition of ISN Bank, the FDIC agreed to absorb a portion of all future credit losses and workout expenses through loss sharing agreements that cover certain legacy assets, including the entire loan portfolio and other real estate owned. At September 17, 2010, the covered assets consisted of assets with a book value of $52.6 million. The total UPB of the covered assets at September 17, 2010 was $58.2 million. Customers Bank acquired other ISN Bank assets that were not covered by the loss sharing agreements with the FDIC including cash, certain investment securities purchased at fair market value, and other tangible assets. The loss sharing agreements do not apply to subsequently acquired, purchased or originated assets. Customers Bank entered into this transaction to enhance book value per share, add capital, and enter the New Jersey market in a more efficient manner than de novo expansion.

Pursuant to the terms of the loss sharing agreements, the FDIC reimburses Customers Bank for 80% of losses, calculated, in each case, based on UPB plus certain interest and expenses. Customers Bank reimburses the FDIC for its share of recoveries with respect to losses for which the FDIC has paid Customers Bank in reimbursement under the loss sharing agreements. The FDIC’s guarantee for commercial loans expires in September 2015 and for residential mortgage loans in September 2020. As of December 31, 2014, Customers’ remaining covered loans from the ISN Bank Acquisition totaled $14.6 million, of which $1.6 million was not paying in accordance with the contractual provisions.

Customers Bank has received an aggregate of $10.5 million from the FDIC in reimbursements under the ISN loss sharing agreements for claims filed for losses incurred through December 31, 2014.

Acquisition of Loan Portfolios

On January 15, 2014, Customers Bank purchased $277.9 million of residential adjustable-rate jumbo mortgage loans (indexed to one-year LIBOR) from Flagstar Bank. The purchase price was 100.75% of loans outstanding.

On March 28, 2013, Customers Bank completed the purchase of certain commercial loans from Michigan-based Flagstar Bank. Under the terms of the agreement, Customers Bank acquired $182.3 million in commercial loan commitments, of which $155.1 million was drawn at the date of acquisition. Also, as part of the agreement, Customers Bank assumed the leases for two of Flagstar’s commercial lending offices, one in Boston, MA and one in Providence, RI. The purchase price was 98.7% of loans outstanding.

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Acquisition of Manufactured Housing Loans

During the years 2010, 2011, and 2012, Customers Bank purchased manufactured housing loans from Tammac Holding Corporation (“Tammac”). These purchases were opportunistic purchases and may not be indicative of future strategies or purchases.

On August 6, 2010, Customers Bank purchased from Tammac Holding Corporation (“Tammac”) a $105.8 million manufactured housing loan portfolio for a purchase price of $105.8 million. These loans were supported by a cash reserve balance of $10.5 million at the date of purchase that covered all estimated losses and delinquent interest, and is maintained in a demand deposit account at the Bank.

On September 30, 2011, Customers Bank purchased from Tammac $19.3 million of manufactured housing loans and a 1.50% interest- only-strip security with an estimated value of $3 million secured by a pool of $70 million of loans originated by Tammac for a total purchase price of $13 million.

On July 24, 2012, Customers Bank paid $63.2 million to acquire manufactured housing loans from Vanderbilt Mortgage and Finance Inc. at par. These loans were originated by Tammac Holding Corporation, and secure the interest-only-strip security that was purchased in September 2011. The loans carry an 11.3% coupon rate, where Tammac earns a 2.0% servicing fee and also retains the rights to a 2.0% IO Strip in relation to this pool of loans. The full recourse for losses on the July 2012 loan purchase resides with Tammac.

Total Manufactured Housing loans were $126.7 million and $139.5 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 respectively.

Segments

Customers Bancorp has one reportable segment, “Community Banking.” All of the Company’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each of the activities of the Company supports the others. For example, lending is dependent upon the ability of the Company to fund itself with deposits and borrowings while managing interest rate and credit risk. Accordingly, all significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of the Bank as one segment or unit.

Products

Customers Bancorp offers a broad range of traditional loan and deposit banking products and financial services, and more recently non-traditional products and services through the successful Phase 1 launch of BankMobile in January 2015, to its commercial and consumer customers. Customers Bank offers an array of lending products to cater to its customers’ needs, including small business loans, mortgage warehouse loans, multi-family and commercial real estate loans, residential mortgage loans and other consumer loans. Customers Bank also offers traditional depository products, including commercial and consumer checking accounts, non-interest-bearing demand accounts, money market deposit accounts, savings accounts and time deposit accounts and cash management services. Prior to January 2015, deposits products were available to customers only through branches of Customers Bank. With the successful Phase 1 launch of BankMobile, Customers is able to provide fee free banking to millennials, middle class American families and underserved consumers throughout the United States.

Lending Activities

Customers Bank focuses its lending efforts on the following lending areas:


•	Commercial Lending – Includes Business Banking (commercial and industrial lending), Small Business Banking, including small business administration (SBA) loans, Multi-family and Commercial Real Estate lending, and commercial loans to mortgage originators; and


•	Consumer Lending – Local market mortgage lending and home equity lending.

Commercial Lending

The Bank’s commercial lending is divided into four distinct groups: Business Banking, Small Business Banking, Multi-family and Commercial Real Estate Lending, and mortgage banking lending. This grouping is designed to allow for greater resource deployment, higher standards of risk management, strong asset quality, lower interest rate risk and higher productivity levels.

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The Business Banking lending group focuses on companies with annual revenues ranging from $5.0 million to $50.0 million, which typically have credit requirements between $0.5 million and $10.0 million. This division is serviced by very experienced local relationship managers or private bankers who are supported by a centralized credit function.

The Small Business Banking platform originates loans, including SBA loans, through the branch network sales force and a team of dedicated Small Business relationship managers. The support administration of the platform for this lending activity is centralized including risk management, product management, marketing, performance tracking and overall strategic planning. Credit and sales training has been established for the sales force, ensuring that the Bank has small business experts in place providing appropriate financial solutions to the small business owners in its communities. A division approach focuses on industries that offer high asset quality and are deposit rich to drive profitability.

The goal of the Bank’s multi-family lending group is to build a portfolio of high-quality multi-family and commercial real estate loans within its covered markets, while cross selling its other products and services. This business line primarily focuses on refinancing existing loans, using conservative underwriting. The primary collateral for these loans is a first-lien mortgage on the multi-family property, plus an assignment of all leases related to such property. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank originated approximately $1.5 billion and $725.1 million, respectively, of multi-family loans.

The goal of mortgage banking lending is to provide loans to mortgage companies. The loans are predominately short-term facilities used by mortgage companies to fund their pipelines from closing of individual mortgage loans until their sale into the secondary market. Most of the loans are insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government through one of their programs such as FHA, VA, or are conventional loans eligible for sale to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Bank is currently expanding its product offerings to mortgage banks to meet a wider array of business needs. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank funded $18.1 billion and $20.6 billion of mortgage loans, respectively, to mortgage originators and warehouses.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank had $5.3 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, in commercial loans outstanding, composing approximately 92.5% and 90.2%, respectively, of its total loan portfolio, which includes loans held for sale. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank originated $0.8 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively, of commercial loans, exclusive of multi-family loan originations and loans to mortgage originators and warehouses.

Consumer Lending

The Bank provides home equity and residential mortgage loans to customers. Underwriting standards for home equity lending are conservative and lending is offered to solidify customer relationships and grow relationship revenues in the long term. This lending is important in the Bank’s efforts to grow total relationship revenues for its consumer households. These areas also support Customers Bancorp’s commitment to lower and moderate income families in its market area. The Bank plans to expand its product offerings in real estate secured consumer lending.

Beginning in 2013, Customers Bank launched a community outreach program in Philadelphia to encourage a higher percentage of homeownership in urban communities. As part of this program, the Bank is offering an “Affordable Mortgage Product”. This community outreach program is penetrating the underserved population, especially in low-and moderate income neighborhoods. As part of this commitment, a loan production office was opened at Progress Plaza, 1501 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA. The program includes homebuyer seminars that prepare potential homebuyers for homeownership by teaching money management and budgeting skills, including the financial responsibilities that come with having a mortgage and owning a home. The “Affordable Mortgage Product” is offered throughout Customers Bank’s CRA assessment areas.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank had $432.2 million and $315.7 million, respectively, in consumer loans outstanding, composing 7.5% and 9.8%, respectively, of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, which includes loans held for sale. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank originated $77.0 million and $41.6 million of consumer loans, respectively. As of December 31, 2014, consumer loans included a balance of $102.9 million of residential loans acquired from Flagstar in January 2014.

Private Banking

Beginning in 2013, Customers Bank introduced a Private Banking model for its commercial clients in the major markets within its geographical footprint. This unique model provides unparalleled service to customers through an in-market team of experienced private bankers. Acting as a single-point-of-contact for all the banking needs of the Bank’s commercial clients, these private bankers will deliver the whole bank – not only to its clients, but to their families, their management teams, and their employees, as well. With a world-class suite of sophisticated cash management products, these private bankers will deliver on Customers Bancorp’s “high-tech, high-touch” strategy and provide real value to its mid-market commercial clients.

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Customers Bank opened its first private banking representative office in Manhattan in second quarter 2013, and eventually, all of its markets will be served by private bankers.

Deposit Products and Other Funding Sources

Customers Bank offers a variety of deposit products to its customers, including checking accounts, savings accounts, money market deposit accounts and other deposit accounts, including fixed-rate, fixed-maturity retail time deposits ranging in terms from 30 days to five years, individual retirement accounts, and non-retail time deposits consisting of jumbo certificates greater than or equal to $100,000. Using its high touch supported by high tech model, the Bank has experienced significantly higher above average growth in core deposits in all of its markets. Customers Bank also utilizes wholesale deposit products, money market and certificates of deposit obtained through listing services and borrowings from the FHLB as a source of funding. These funding sources offer attractive funding costs in comparison to traditional sources of funding given the low interest rate environment.

Financial Products and Services

In addition to traditional banking activities, Customers Bank provides other financial services to its customers, including: mobile phone banking, internet banking, wire transfers, electronic bill payment, lock box services, remote deposit capture services, courier services, merchant processing services, cash vault, controlled disbursements, positive pay and cash management services (including account reconciliation, collections and sweep accounts). In January 2015, the Bank successfully launched BankMobile, America's first mobile platform based full service consumer bank.

Competition

Customers Bank competes with other financial institutions for deposit and loan business. Competitors include other commercial banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies, securities brokerage firms, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, money market funds, and certain government agencies. Financial institutions compete principally on the quality of the services rendered, interest rates offered on deposit products, interest rates charged on loans, fees and service charges, the convenience of banking office locations and hours of operation, and in the consideration of larger commercial borrowers, lending limits.

Many competitors are significantly larger than Customers Bank, and have significantly greater financial resources, personnel and locations from which to conduct business. In addition, Customers Bank is subject to regulation, while certain of its competitors are not. Non-regulated companies face relatively few barriers to entry into the financial services industry. Customers Bank’s larger competitors enjoy greater name recognition and greater resources to finance wide ranging advertising campaigns. Customers Bank competes for business principally on the basis of high-quality, personal service to customers, customer access to Customers Bank’s decision makers, and competitive interest and fee structure. Customers Bank also strives to provide maximum convenience of access to services by employing innovative delivery vehicles such as internet banking, and the convenience of concierge banking.

Customers Bank’s current market is primarily served by large national and regional banks, with a few larger institutions capturing more than 50% of the deposit market share. Customers Bank’s large competitors utilize expensive, branch-based models to sell products to consumers and small businesses, which requires our larger competitors to price their products with wider margins and charge more fees to justify their higher expense base. While maintaining physical branch locations remains an important component of Customers Bank’s strategy, Customers Bank utilizes an operating model with fewer and less expensive locations, thereby lowering overhead costs and allowing for greater pricing flexibility.

Employees

As of December 31, 2014, Customers Bancorp had 414 full-time and 12 part-time employees.

Available Information

Customers Bancorp’s internet website address is www.customersbank.com. Information on Customers Bancorp’s website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Investors can obtain copies of Customers Bancorp’s annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, on Customers Bancorp’s website (accessible under “About Us” – “Investor Relations” – “SEC Filings”) as soon as reasonably practicable after Customers Bancorp has filed such materials with, or furnished them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Customers Bancorp will also

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furnish a paper copy of such filings free of charge upon request. Investors can also read and copy any materials filed by Customers Bancorp with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room which is located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Information about the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Customers Bancorp’s filings can also be accessed at the SEC’s internet website: www.sec.gov.

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

GENERAL

Customers Bancorp is subject to extensive regulation, examination and supervision by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and, as a member of the Federal Reserve System, by the Federal Reserve Board. Federal and state banking laws and regulations govern, among other things, the scope of a bank’s business, the investments a bank may make, the reserves against deposits a bank must maintain, terms of deposit accounts, loans a bank makes, the interest rates it charges and collateral it takes, the activities of a bank with respect to mergers and consolidations and the establishment of branches.

PENNSYLVANIA BANKING LAWS

Pennsylvania banks that are Federal Reserve members may establish new branch offices only after approval by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”). Approval by these regulators can be subject to a variety of factors, including the convenience and needs of the community, whether the institution is sufficiently capitalized and well managed, issues of safety and soundness, the institution’s record of meeting the credit needs of its community, whether there are significant supervisory concerns with respect to the institution or affiliated organizations, and whether any financial or other business arrangement, direct or indirect, involving bank “insiders” (directors, officers, employees and 10%-or-greater shareholders) which involves terms and conditions more favorable to the insiders than would be available in a comparable transaction with unrelated parties.

Under the Pennsylvania Banking Code, Customers Bank, our bank subsidiary is permitted to branch throughout Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania law also provides Pennsylvania state-chartered institutions elective parity with the power of national banks, federal thrifts, and state-chartered institutions in other states as authorized by the FDIC, subject to a required notice to the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities. The Pennsylvania Banking Code also imposes restrictions on payment of dividends, as well as minimum capital requirements.

On October 24, 2012, Pennsylvania enacted three new laws known as the “Banking Law Modernization Package,” all of which became effective on December 24, 2012. The intended goal of the new law, which applies to Customers Bank, is to modernize Pennsylvania’s banking laws and to reduce regulatory burden at the state level where possible, given the increased regulatory demands at the federal level as described below.

The new law also permits banks to disclose formal enforcement actions initiated by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities, clarifies that the Department has examination and enforcement authority over subsidiaries as well as affiliates of regulated banks and bolsters the Department’s enforcement authority over its regulated institutions by clarifying its ability to remove directors, officers and employees from institutions for violations of laws or orders or for any unsafe or unsound practice or breach of fiduciary duty. Changes to existing law also allow the Department to assess civil money penalties of up to $25,000 per violation.

The new law also sets a new standard of care for bank officers and directors, applying the same standard that exists for non-banking corporations in Pennsylvania. The standard is one of performing duties in good faith, in a manner reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the institutions and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, skill and diligence, as a person of ordinary prudence would use under similar circumstances. Directors may rely in good faith on information, opinions and reports provided by officers, employees, attorneys, accountants, or committees of the board, and an officer may not be held liable simply because he or she served as an officer of the institution.

Interstate Branching. Federal law allows the Federal Reserve and FDIC, and the Pennsylvania Banking Code allows the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities, to approve an application by a state banking institution to acquire interstate branches. For more information on federal law, see the discussion under “Federal Banking Laws – Interstate Branching” that follows.

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Pennsylvania banking laws authorize banks in Pennsylvania to acquire existing branches or branch de novo in other states, and also permits out-of-state banks to acquire existing branches or branch de novo in Pennsylvania.

In April 2008, Banking Regulators in the States of New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (the “Interstate MOU”) to clarify their respective roles, as home and host state regulators, regarding interstate branching activity on a regional basis pursuant to the Riegle-Neal Amendments Act of 1997. The Interstate MOU establishes the regulatory responsibilities of the respective state banking regulators regarding bank regulatory examinations and is intended to reduce the regulatory burden on state-chartered banks branching within the region by eliminating duplicative host state compliance exams.

Under the Interstate MOU, the activities of branches Customers Bancorp established in New Jersey or New York would be governed by Pennsylvania state law to the same extent that federal law governs the activities of the branch of an out-of-state national bank in such host states. Issues regarding whether a particular host state law is preempted are to be determined in the first instance by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities. In the event that the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and the applicable host state regulator disagree regarding whether a particular host state law is pre-empted, the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and the applicable host state regulator would use their reasonable best efforts to consider all points of view and to resolve the disagreement.

FEDERAL BANKING LAWS

Interstate Branching. The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (called the “Interstate Act”), among other things, permits bank holding companies to acquire banks in any state. A bank may also merge with a bank in another state. Interstate acquisitions and mergers are subject, in general, to certain concentration limits and state entry rules relating to the age of the Bank. Under the Interstate Act, the responsible federal regulatory agency is permitted to approve the acquisition of less than all of the branches of an insured bank by an out-of-state bank or bank holding company without the acquisition of an entire bank, only if the law of the state in which the branch is located permits. Under the Interstate Act, branches of state-chartered banks that operate in other states are covered by the laws of the chartering state, rather than the host state. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”) created a more permissive interstate branching regime by permitting banks to establish branches de novo in any state if a bank chartered by such state would have been permitted to establish the branch. For more information on interstate branching under Pennsylvania law, see “Pennsylvania Banking Laws – Interstate Branching” above.

Prompt Corrective Action. Federal banking law mandates certain “prompt corrective actions,” which Federal banking agencies are required to take, and certain actions which they have discretion to take, based upon the capital category into which a Federally regulated depository institution falls. Regulations have been adopted by the Federal bank regulatory agencies setting forth detailed procedures and criteria for implementing prompt corrective action in the case of any institution that is not adequately capitalized. Under the rules, an institution will be deemed to be “adequately capitalized” or better if it exceeds the minimum Federal regulatory capital requirements. However, it will be deemed “undercapitalized” if it fails to meet the minimum capital requirements, “significantly undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that is less than 3.0%, or a leverage ratio that is less than 3.0%, and “critically undercapitalized” if the institution has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%. The rules require an undercapitalized institution to file a written capital restoration plan, along with a performance guaranty by its holding company or a third party. In addition, an undercapitalized institution becomes subject to certain automatic restrictions including a prohibition on the payment of dividends, a limitation on asset growth and expansion, and in certain cases, a limitation on the payment of bonuses or raises to senior executive officers, and a prohibition on the payment of certain “management fees” to any “controlling person.” Institutions that are classified as undercapitalized are also subject to certain additional supervisory actions, including increased reporting burdens and regulatory monitoring, a limitation on the institution’s ability to make acquisitions, open new branch offices, or engage in new lines of business, obligations to raise additional capital, restrictions on transactions with affiliates, and restrictions on interest rates paid by the institution on deposits. In certain cases, bank regulatory agencies may require replacement of senior executive officers or directors, or sale of the institution to a willing purchaser. If an institution is deemed to be “critically undercapitalized” and continues in that category for four quarters, the statute requires, with certain narrowly limited exceptions, that the institution be placed in receivership.

Safety and Soundness; Regulation of Bank Management. The Federal Reserve Board possesses the power to prohibit a bank from engaging in any activity that would be an unsafe and unsound banking practice and in violation of the law. Moreover, Federal law enactments have expanded the circumstances under which officers or directors of a bank may be removed by the institution’s Federal supervisory agency; restricted and further regulated lending by a bank to its executive officers, directors, principal shareholders or related interests thereof; restricted management personnel of a bank from serving as directors or in

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other management positions with certain depository institutions whose assets exceed a specified amount or which have an office within a specified geographic area; and restricted management personnel from borrowing from another institution that has a correspondent relationship with the bank for which they work.

Capital Rules. Federal banking agencies have issued certain “risk-based capital” guidelines, which supplemented existing capital requirements. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board imposes certain “leverage” requirements on member banks. Banking regulators have authority to require higher minimum capital ratios for an individual bank or bank holding company in view of its circumstances.

The risk-based capital guidelines require all banks and bank holding companies to maintain capital levels in compliance with “risk-based capital” ratios. In these ratios, the on-balance sheet assets and off balance sheet exposures are assigned a risk-weight based upon the perceived and historical risk of incurring a loss of principal from that exposure. For periods ending prior to January 1, 2015 the first is a minimum ratio of total capital (“Tier 1” and “Tier 2” capital) to risk-weighted assets equal to 8.0%, and the second is a minimum ratio of “Tier 1” capital to risk-weighted assets equal to 4.0%. Assets are assigned to five risk categories, with higher levels of capital being required for the categories perceived as representing greater risk. In making the calculation, certain intangible assets must be deducted from the capital base. The risk-based capital rules are designed to make regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banks and bank holding companies and to minimize disincentives for holding liquid assets.

The risk-based capital rules also may consider interest rate risk. Institutions with interest rate risk exposure above a normal level would be required to hold extra capital in proportion to that risk. The Bank currently monitors and manages its assets and liabilities for interest rate risk, and management believes that the interest rate risk rules which have been implemented and proposed will not materially adversely affect its operations.

The Federal Reserve Board’s “leverage” ratio rules require member banks which are rated the highest in the composite areas of capital, asset quality, management, earnings and liquidity to maintain a ratio of “Tier 1” capital to “adjusted total assets” of not less than 3.0%. For banks which are not the most highly rated, the minimum “leverage” ratio will range from 4.0% to 5.0%, or higher at the discretion of the Federal Reserve Board, and is required to be at a level commensurate with the nature of the level of risk of the Bancorp's condition and activities.

For purposes of the capital requirements, “Tier 1” or “core” capital is defined to include common shareholders’ equity and certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus. “Tier 2” or “qualifying supplementary” capital is defined to include a bank’s allowance for loan losses up to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets, plus certain types of preferred stock and related surplus, certain “hybrid capital instruments” and certain term subordinated debt instruments.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, management believed that the Bank and Bancorp met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject. For additional information on the Company’s regulatory ratios, refer to “NOTE 18 – REGULATORY MATTERS.”

New Capital Rules. On July 2, 2013, the Federal Reserve approved final rules that substantially amend the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to the Bancorp and the Bank. The FDIC and the OCC have subsequently approved these rules. The final rules were adopted following the issuance of proposed rules by the Federal Reserve in June 2012 and implement the “Basel III” regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. “Basel III” refers to two consultative documents released by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in December 2009, the rules text released in December 2010, and loss absorbency rules issued in January 2011, which include significant changes to bank capital, leverage and liquidity requirements.

The rules include new risk-based capital and leverage ratios, which will be phased in from 2015 to 2019, and refine the definition of what constitutes “capital” for purposes of calculating those ratios. Effective January 1, 2015, the new minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Bancorp and the Bank under the final rules are:

(i) a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%;

(ii) a Tier 1 Risk based capital ratio of 6% (increased from 4%);

(iii) a Total Risk based capital ratio of 8% (unchanged from current rules); and

(iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4% for all institutions.

The final rules also establish a “capital conservation buffer” above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements, which must consist entirely of common equity Tier 1 capital.

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The capital conservation buffer will be phased-in over four years beginning on January 1, 2016, as follows: the maximum buffer will be 0.625% of risk-weighted assets for 2016, 1.25% for 2017, 1.875% for 2018, and 2.5% for 2019 and thereafter. Considering the capital conservation buffer, to avoid limitations on certain actions or activities, banks will be required to maintain the following ratios beginning in 2019:

(i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%;

(ii) a Tier 1 Risk Based capital ratio of 8.5%;

(iii) a Total Risk based capital ratio of 10.5%; and

(iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 6.5% for all institutions.

Under the final rules, institutions are subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the minimum capital level plus buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions.

Basel III provided discretion for regulators to impose an additional buffer, the “countercyclical buffer,” of up to 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to take into account the macro-financial environment and periods of excessive credit growth. However, the final rules permit the countercyclical buffer to be applied only to “advanced approach banks” (i.e., banks with $250 billion or more in total assets or $10 billion or more in total foreign exposures), which currently excludes the Bancorp and the Bank. The final rules also implement revisions and clarifications consistent with Basel III regarding the various components of Tier 1 capital, including common equity, unrealized gains and losses, as well as certain instruments that will no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, some of which will be phased out over time. However, the final rules provide that small depository institution holding companies with less than $15 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2009 (which includes the Bancorp) will be able to permanently include non-qualifying instruments that were issued and included in Tier 1 or Tier 2 capital prior to May 19, 2010 in additional Tier 1 or Tier 2 capital until they redeem such instruments or until the instruments mature.

In addition, the final rules provide for smaller banking institutions (less than $250 billion in consolidated assets) an opportunity to make a one-time election to opt out of including most elements of accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. Importantly, the opt-out excludes from regulatory capital not only unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities, but also accumulated net gains and losses on cash-flow hedges and amounts attributable to defined benefit postretirement plans. The opt-out election must be elected on the first Call Report filed for periods ending after January 1, 2015.

The final rules also contain revisions to the prompt corrective action framework, which is designed to place restrictions on insured depository institutions, including the Bank, if their capital levels begin to show signs of weakness. These revisions took effect on January 1, 2015. Under the prompt corrective action requirements, which are designed to complement the capital conservation buffer, insured depository institutions will be required to meet the following increased capital level requirements in order to qualify as “well capitalized:”

(i) a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%;

(ii) a Tier 1 Risk based capital ratio of 8% (increased from 6%);

(iii) a Total Risk based capital ratio of 10% (unchanged from current rules); and

(iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5% (increased from 4%).

The final rules set forth certain changes for the calculation of risk-weighted assets, which were required to be utilized as of January 1, 2015. The standardized approach final rule utilizes an increased number of credit risk exposure categories and risk weights, and also addresses:

(i) an alternative standard of creditworthiness consistent with Section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Act;

(ii) revisions to recognition of credit risk mitigation;

(iii) rules for risk weighting of equity exposures and past due loans;

(iv) revised capital treatment for derivatives and repo-style transactions; and

(v) disclosure requirements for top-tier banking organizations with $50 billion or more in total assets that are not subject to the “advance approach rules” that apply to banks with greater than $250 billion in consolidated assets.

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Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Dodd-Frank bill was enacted by Congress on July 15, 2010, and was signed into law by President Obama on July 21, 2010. Among many other provisions, the legislation:

•

established the Financial Stability Oversight Council, a federal agency acting as the financial system’s systemic risk regulator with the authority to review the activities of significant bank holding companies and non-bank financial firms, to make recommendations and impose standards regarding capital, leverage, conflicts and other requirements for financial firms and to impose regulatory standards on certain financial firms deemed to pose a systemic threat to the financial health of the U.S. economy;


•	created a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau within the U.S. Federal Reserve, which has substantive rule-making authority over a wide variety of consumer financial services and products, including the power to regulate unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices;


•	permitted state attorneys general and other state enforcement authorities broader power to enforce consumer protection laws against banks;


•	authorized federal regulatory agencies to ban compensation arrangements at financial institutions that give employees incentives to engage in conduct that could pose risks to the nation’s financial system;


•	granted the U.S. government resolution authority to liquidate or take emergency measures with regard to troubled financial institutions, such as bank holding companies, that fall outside the existing resolution authority of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;


•	gave the FDIC substantial new authority and flexibility in assessing deposit insurance premiums, which may result in increased deposit insurance premiums for us in the future;


•	increased the deposit insurance coverage limit for insurable deposits to $250,000 generally, and removes the limit entirely for transaction accounts;


•	permitted banks to pay interest on business demand deposit accounts;


•	extended the national bank lending (or loans-to-one-borrower) limits to other institutions like us;


•	prohibited banks subject to enforcement action such as a memorandum of understanding from changing their charter without the approval of both their existing charter regulator and their proposed new charter regulator; and


•	imposed new limits on asset purchase and sale transactions between banks and their insiders.

Many of these provisions are subject to further rule making and to the discretion of regulatory bodies, including Customers Bank’s primary federal banking regulator, the Federal Reserve. It is not possible to predict at this time the extent to which regulations authorized or mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act will impose requirements or restrictions on Customers Bank in addition to or different from the provisions summarized above.

Deposit Insurance Assessments. Customers Bank’s deposits are insured by the FDIC up to the limits set forth under applicable law and are subject to deposit insurance premium assessments. The FDIC imposes a risk-based deposit premium assessment system, which was amended pursuant to the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the “Act”). Under this system, the amount of FDIC assessments paid by an individual insured depository institution, like Customers Bank, is based on the level of perceived risk incurred in its activities. The FDIC places a depository institution in one of four risk categories determined by reference to its capital levels and supervisory ratings. In addition, in the case of those institutions in the lowest risk category, the FDIC further determines its assessment rates based on certain specified financial ratios.

On February 7, 2011, the FDIC adopted a final rule modifying the risk-based assessment system and setting initial base assessment rates beginning April 1, 2011, ranging from 2.5 to 45 basis points of Tier I capital.

In addition to deposit insurance assessments, banks are subject to assessments to pay the interest on Financing Corporation bonds. The Financing Corporation was created by Congress to issue bonds to finance the resolution of failed thrift institutions. The FDIC sets the Financing Corporation assessment rate every quarter.

Community Reinvestment Act. Under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (“CRA”), the record of a bank holding company and its subsidiary banks must be considered by the appropriate Federal banking agencies, including the Federal Reserve Board, in reviewing and approving or disapproving a variety of regulatory applications including approval of a branch or other deposit facility, office relocation, a merger and certain acquisitions of bank shares. Federal banking agencies have recently demonstrated an increased readiness to deny applications based on unsatisfactory CRA performance. The Federal Reserve Board is required to assess our record to determine if we are meeting the credit needs of the community (including low

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and moderate neighborhoods) that we serve. The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 amended the CRA to require, among other things, that the Federal Reserve Board make publicly available an evaluation of the Bank’s record of meeting the credit needs of its entire community including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. This evaluation includes a descriptive rating (outstanding, satisfactory, needs to improve, or substantial noncompliance) and a statement describing the basis for the rating.

Consumer Protection Laws. the Bancorp is subject to a variety of consumer protection laws, including the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act adopted as part of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (“FDICIA”), the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and the regulations adopted thereunder. In the aggregate, compliance with these consumer protection laws and regulations involves substantial expense and administrative time on the part of the Bancorp.

Bank Holding Company Regulation

As a bank holding company, the Bancorp is also subject to additional regulation.

The Bank Holding Company Act requires the Bancorp to secure the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board before it owns or controls, directly or indirectly, more than five percent (5%) of the voting shares or substantially all of the assets of any bank. It also prohibits acquisition by the Bancorp of more than five percent (5%) of the voting shares of, or interest in, or all or substantially all of the assets of, any bank located outside of the state in which a current bank subsidiary is located unless such acquisition is specifically authorized by laws of the state in which such bank is located. A bank holding company is prohibited from engaging in or acquiring direct or indirect control of more than five percent (5%) of the voting shares of any company engaged in non-banking activities unless the Federal Reserve Board, by order or regulation, has found such activities to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. In making this determination, the Federal Reserve Board considers whether the performance of these activities by a bank holding company would offer benefits to the public that outweigh possible adverse effects. Applications under the Bank Holding Company Act and the Change in Control Act are subject to review, based upon the record of compliance of the applicant with the CRA.

The Bancorp is required to file an annual report with the Federal Reserve Board and any additional information that the Federal Reserve Board may require pursuant to the Bank Holding Company Act. Further, under Section 106 of the 1970 amendments to the Bank Holding Company Act and the Federal Reserve Board’s regulations, a bank holding company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements in connection with any extension of credit or provision of credit or provision of any property or services. The so-called “anti-tie-in” provisions state generally that a bank may not extend credit, lease, sell property or furnish any service to a customer on the condition that the customer provide additional credit or service to us, to the Bank or to any other subsidiary or on the condition that the customer not obtain other credit or service from a competitor, the Bank, or any other subsidiary.

The Federal Reserve Board permits bank holding companies to engage in non-banking activities so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. A number of activities are authorized by Federal Reserve Board regulation, while other activities require prior Federal Reserve Board approval. The types of permissible activities are subject to change by the Federal Reserve Board.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risks Related to the Bancorp’s Banking Operations

If our allowance for loan losses is insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio, our earnings could decrease.

Lending money is a substantial part of our business, and each loan carries a certain risk that it will not be repaid in accordance with its terms or that any underlying collateral will not be sufficient to assure repayment. This risk is affected by, among other things:


•	the financial condition and cash flows of the borrower and/or the project being financed;


•	the changes and uncertainties as to the future value of the collateral, in the case of a collateralized loan;


•	the discount on the loan at the time of its acquisition and capital, which could have regulatory implications;


•	the duration of the loan;


•	the credit history of a particular borrower; and


•	changes in economic and industry conditions.

At December 31, 2014, the Bancorp’s allowance for loan losses totaled $30.9 million, which represents 0.72% of total loans held for investment. Management makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and loans covered under the Loss Sharing Agreements that did not exhibit evidence of deterioration in credit quality on the acquisition date and the probability of making payment, as well as the value of real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of our loans. Loans covered under the loss sharing agreements totaled $42.2 million at December 31, 2014. The FDIC loss sharing agreements for commercial loans expire in third quarter 2015. The loss sharing agreements for single family loans expire in third quarter 2020.

In determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses, significant factors considered include loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio, trends and absolute levels of classified and criticized loans, trends and absolute levels in delinquent loans, trends in risk ratings, trends in industry charge-offs by particular segments and changes in existing general economic and business conditions affecting our lending areas and the national economy. If our assumptions are incorrect, our allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in our loan portfolio, resulting in additions to the allowance.

Management reviews and re-estimates the allowance for loan losses quarterly. Additions to our allowance for loan losses as a result on management's review and estimate could materially decrease net income. Our regulators, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses by recognizing additional provisions for loan losses charged to expense, or to decrease our allowance for loan losses by recognizing loan charge-offs, net of recoveries. Any such additional provisions for loan losses or charge-offs, as required by these regulatory agencies, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our emphasis on commercial, multi-family/commercial real estate and mortgage warehouse lending may expose us to increased lending risks.

We intend to continue emphasizing the origination of commercial loans and specialty loans, including loans to mortgage banking businesses. Commercial loans, including multi-family and commercial real estate loans, can expose a lender to risk of non-payment and loss because repayment of the loans often depends on the successful operation of a business or property and the borrower’s cash flows. Such loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. In addition, we may need to increase our allowance for loan losses in the future to account for an increase in probable credit losses associated with such loans. Also, we expect that many of our commercial borrowers will have more than one loan outstanding with us. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to a one- to four-family residential mortgage loan.

As a lender to mortgage banking businesses, we provide financing to mortgage bankers by purchasing, subject to resale under a master repurchase agreement, the underlying residential mortgages on a short-term basis pending the ultimate sale of the mortgages to investors. We are subject to the risks associated with such lending, including, but not limited to, the risks of fraud, bankruptcy and possible default by the borrower, closing agents, and the residential borrower on the underlying mortgage, any of which could result in credit losses. The risk of fraud associated with this type of lending includes, but is not limited to, settlement process risks, the risk of financing nonexistent loans or fictitious mortgage loan transactions, or the risk that collateral delivered is fraudulent or non-existent, creating a risk of loss of the full amount financed on the underlying residential

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mortgage loan, or in the settlement processes. As discussed in Note 21 – “LOSS CONTINGENCY”, in March 2013, a suspected fraud was discovered in the Bank’s loans held-for-sale portfolio. Additional fraudulent transactions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our lending to mortgage businesses is a significant part of our assets and earnings. This business is subject to cyclicality of the mortgage lending business, and volumes are likely to decline if interest rates increase, generally. A decline in the rate of growth, volume or profitability of this business unit, or a loss of its leadership could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Decreased origination, volume and pricing decisions of competitors may adversely affect our profitability.

The Bank currently operates a residential mortgage banking business but plans to expand our origination, sale, and servicing of residential mortgage loans in the future. The Bank also began selling recent multi-family loan originations to third parties in the third quarter of 2014. Changes in market interest rates and pricing decisions by our loan competitors may adversely affect demand for our residential mortgage and multi-family loan products, the revenue realized on the sale of loans and revenues received from servicing such loans for others, and ultimately reduce our net income. New regulations, increased regulatory reviews, and/or changes in the structure of the secondary mortgage markets which we would utilize to sell mortgage loans or other rule changes that could affect the multi-family resale market may be introduced and may increase costs and make it more difficult to operate a residential mortgage origination business or sell multi-family loans.

Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh may not pay dividends or repurchase capital stock in the future.

On December 23, 2008, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”) announced that it would voluntarily suspend the payment of dividends and the repurchase of excess capital stock until further notice. The FHLB announced at that time that it expected its ability to pay dividends and add to retained earnings to be significantly curtailed due to low short-term interest rates, an increased cost of maintaining liquidity, other than temporary impairment charges, and constrained access to debt markets at attractive rates. While the FHLB resumed payment of dividends and capital stock repurchases in 2012, capital stock repurchases from member banks are reviewed on a quarterly basis by the FHLB, and there is no guarantee that such dividends and capital stock repurchases will continue in the future. As of December 31, 2014, we held $71.6 million of FHLB capital stock.

The fair value of our investment securities can fluctuate due to market conditions. Adverse economic performance can lead to adverse security performance and other-than-temporary impairment.

As of December 31, 2014, the fair value of our investment securities portfolio was approximately $416.7 million. We have historically followed a conservative investment strategy, with concentrations in securities that are backed by government sponsored enterprises. In the future, we may seek to increase yields through more aggressive strategies, which may include a greater percentage of corporate securities, structured credit products or non-agency mortgage backed securities. Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of these securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, rating agency actions in respect of the securities, defaults by the issuer or with respect to the underlying securities, and changes in market interest rates and continued instability in the capital markets. Any of these factors, among others, could cause other-than-temporary impairments and realized and/or unrealized losses in future periods and declines in other comprehensive income, which could have a material adverse effect on us. The process for determining whether impairment of a security is other-than-temporary usually requires complex, subjective judgments about the future financial performance and liquidity of the issuer and any collateral underlying the security in order to assess the probability of receiving all contractual principal and interest payments on the security.

Changes to estimates and assumptions made by management in preparing financial statements could adversely affect the Bancorp’s business, operating results, reported assets and liabilities, financial condition, and capital levels.

Changes to estimates and assumptions made by management in connection with the preparation of the Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements could adversely affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expenses. The preparation of the Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain critical accounting estimates and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expense during the reporting periods. For example, as of December 31, 2014, the Bancorp reported $2.3 million as a receivable from the FDIC pursuant to certain loss sharing arrangements. This amount was derived using management’s

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best estimate of expected future cash flows based on recent performance and expectations of future performance of the covered portfolio. To the extent the covered assets perform better than expected, the Bancorp may not be able to collect all, or a portion of, the receivable balance reported as of December 31, 2014. In the event the covered assets perform better than originally estimated at the time of acquisition, the Bancorp could be required to reimburse all, or a portion of, its discounted purchase price to the FDIC. Further information regarding the FDIC loss sharing receivable, and other accounting policies subject to significant judgment and estimates, is included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Critical Accounting Policies.” Changes to management’s assumptions or estimates could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results, reported assets and liabilities, financial condition, and capital levels.

Changes in accounting standards and policies can be difficult to predict and can materially impact how we record and report our financial results.

Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. From time to time, the FASB or the SEC changes the financial accounting and reporting standards or the policies that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can be difficult to predict and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. We could be required to apply new or revised guidance retrospectively, which may result in the revision of prior period financial statements by material amounts. The implementation of new or revised accounting guidance could have a material adverse effect on our financial results or net worth. Notably, the FASB is currently considering changes to the framework for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses which could significantly alter the current estimate as well as other elements of the US banking model.

Downgrades in U.S. Government and federal agency securities could adversely affect Customers Bancorp and the Bank.

The long-term impact of the downgrade of the U.S. Government and federal agencies from an AAA to an AA+ credit rating is still uncertain. However, in addition to causing economic and financial market disruptions, the downgrade, and any future downgrades and/or failures to raise the U.S. debt limit if necessary in the future, could, among other things, materially adversely affect the market value of the U.S. and other government and governmental agency securities owned by Customers Bank, the availability of those securities as collateral for borrowing, and our ability to access capital markets on favorable terms, as well as have other material adverse effects on the operation of our business and our financial results and condition. In particular, it could increase interest rates and disrupt payment systems, money markets, and long-term or short-term fixed income markets, adversely affecting the cost and availability of funding, which could negatively affect profitability. Also, the adverse consequences as a result of the downgrade could extend to the borrowers of the loans the Bank makes and, as a result, could adversely affect its borrowers’ ability to repay their loans.

We may not be able to maintain consistent earnings or profitability.

Customers Bank and predecessor entities have had periods in which we experienced operating losses, including in 2009, portions of 2010 and the first quarter of 2011. Although we made a profit for the years of 2011 through 2014, there can be no assurance that we will be able to remain profitable in future periods, or, if profitable, that our overall earnings will remain consistent or increase in the future. Our earnings also may be reduced by increased expenses associated with increased assets, such as additional employee compensation expense, and increased interest expense on any liabilities incurred or deposits solicited to fund increases in assets. If earnings do not grow proportionately with our assets or equity, our overall profitability may be adversely affected.

Continued or worsening general business and economic conditions could materially and adversely affect us.

Our business and operations are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the United States. If the U.S. economy experiences worsening conditions such as a recession, we could be materially and adversely affected. Weak economic conditions may be characterized by deflation, instability in debt and equity capital markets, a lack of liquidity and/or depressed prices in the secondary market for mortgage loans, increased delinquencies on loans, residential and commercial real estate price declines and lower home sales and commercial activity. Adverse changes in any of these factors would be detrimental to our business. Our business is also significantly affected by monetary and related policies of the U.S. federal government, its agencies and government-sponsored entities. Adverse changes in economic factors or US government policies could have a negative effect on Customers Bancorp.

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The geographic concentration in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region makes our business susceptible to downturns in the local economies and depressed banking markets, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Our loan and deposit activities are largely based in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. As a result, our financial performance depends upon economic conditions in this region. This region has experienced deteriorating local economic conditions in the past economic cycle and a downturn in the regional real estate market could harm our financial condition and results of operations because of the geographic concentration of loans within this region and because a large percentage of the loans are secured by real property. If there is decline in real estate values, the collateral value for our loans will decrease and our probability of incurring losses will increase as the ability to recover on defaulted loans by selling the underlying real estate will be lessened.

Additionally, Customers has made significant investment in commercial real estate loans. Often in a commercial real estate transaction, repayment of the loan is dependent on the property generating sufficient rental income to service the loan. Economic conditions may affect the tenant’s ability to make rental payments on a timely basis, and may cause some tenants not to renew their leases, each of which may impact the debtor’s ability to make loan payments. Further, if expenses associated with commercial properties increase dramatically, the tenant’s ability to repay, and therefore the debtor’s ability to make timely loan payments, could be adversely affected. All of these factors could increase the amount of non-performing loans, increase our provision for loan losses and reduce our net income to service the loan.

Our business is highly susceptible to credit risk.

As a lender, we are exposed to the risk that our customers will be unable to repay their loans according to the contractual terms and that the collateral securing the payment of their loans (if any) may not be sufficient to assure repayment. The risks inherent in making any loan include risks with respect to the ability of borrowers to repay their loans and, if applicable, the period of time over which the loan is repaid, risks relating to proper loan underwriting and guidelines, risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions, risks inherent in dealing with individual borrowers and risks resulting from uncertainties as to the future value of collateral. Similarly, we have credit risk embedded in our securities portfolio. Our credit standards, procedures and policies are designed to reduce the risk of credit losses to a low level, but may not prevent us from incurring substantial credit losses.

Additionally, we may restructure originated or acquired loans if we believe the borrowers are experiencing problems serving the debt pursuant to current terms and we believe the borrower is likely to fully repay their restructured obligations. We may also be subject to legal or regulatory requirements for restructured loans. With respect to restructured loans, we may grant concessions to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties in order to facilitate repayment of the loan by (1) reduction of the stated interest rate for the remaining life of the loan to lower than the current market rate for new loans with similar risk or (2) extension of the maturity date.

We depend on our executive officers and key personnel to implement our strategy and could be harmed by the loss of their services.

We believe that the implementation of our strategy will depend in large part on the skills of our executive management team and our ability to motivate and retain these and other key personnel. Accordingly, the loss of service of one or more of our executive officers or key personnel could reduce our ability to successfully implement our growth strategy and materially and adversely affect us. Leadership changes will occur from time to time, and if significant resignations occur, we may not be able to recruit additional qualified personnel. We believe our executive management team possesses valuable knowledge about the banking industry and that their knowledge and relationships would be very difficult to replicate. Although our Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chief Financial Officer have entered into employment agreements with us, it is possible that they may not complete the term of their employment agreement or may choose not to renew it upon expiration. Our success also depends on the experience of our branch managers and lending officers and on their relationships with the customers and communities they serve. The loss of these key personnel could negatively impact our banking operations. The loss of key senior personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have a material adverse effect on us.

We face significant competition from other financial institutions and financial services providers, which may materially and adversely affect us.

Consumer and commercial banking is highly competitive. Our markets contain a large number of community and regional banks as well as a significant presence of the country’s largest commercial banks. We compete with other state and national financial institutions, including savings and loan associations, savings banks and credit unions, for deposits and loans. In addition, we compete with financial intermediaries, such as consumer finance companies, mortgage banking companies,

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insurance companies, securities firms, mutual funds and several government agencies, as well as major retailers, in providing various types of loans and other financial services. Some of these competitors may have a long history of successful operations in our markets, greater ties to local businesses and more expansive banking relationships, as well as better established depositor bases. Competitors may also have greater resources and access to capital and may possess other advantages such as operating more ATMs and conducting extensive promotional and advertising campaigns or operating a more developed Internet platform. Competitors may also exhibit a greater tolerance for risk and behave more aggressively with respect to pricing in order to increase their market share.

The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued consolidation. Increased competition among financial services companies due to the recent consolidation of certain competing financial institutions may adversely affect our ability to market our products and services. Technological advances have lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for banks to compete in our market without a retail footprint by offering competitive rates, as well as non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks. Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among others:


•	the ability to develop, maintain and build upon long-term customer relationships based on high quality, personal service, effective and efficient products and services, high ethical standards and safe and sound assets;


•	the scope, relevance and competitive pricing of products and services offered to meet customer needs and demands;


•	the ability to provide customers with maximum convenience of access to services and availability of banking representatives;


•	the ability to attract and retain highly qualified employees to operate our business;


•	the ability to expand our market position;


•	customer access to our decision makers, and customer satisfaction with our level of service; and


•	the ability to operate our business effectively and efficiently.

Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken our competitive position, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Like other financial services institutions, our asset and liability structures are monetary in nature. Such structures are affected by a variety of factors, including changes in interest rates, which can impact the value of financial instruments held by us.

Like other financial services institutions, we have asset and liability structures that are essentially monetary in nature and are directly affected by many factors, including domestic and international economic and political conditions, broad trends in business and finance, legislation and regulation affecting the national and international business and financial communities, monetary and fiscal policies, inflation, currency values, market conditions, the availability and terms (including cost) of short-term or long-term funding and capital, the credit capacity or perceived creditworthiness of customers and counterparties and the level and volatility of trading markets. Such factors can impact customers and counterparties of a financial services institution and may impact the value of financial instruments held by a financial services institution.

Our earnings and cash flows largely depend upon the level of our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on loans, investments and other interest earning assets, and the interest we pay on interest bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Because different types of assets and liabilities may react differently and at different times to market interest rate changes, changes in interest rates can increase or decrease our net interest income. When interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly than interest earning assets in a period, an increase in interest rates would reduce net interest income. Similarly, when interest earning assets mature or reprice more quickly, and because the magnitude of repricing of interest earning assets is often greater than interest bearing liabilities, falling interest rates would reduce net interest income.

Accordingly, changes in the level of market interest rates affect our net yield on interest earning assets and liabilities, loan and investment securities portfolios and our overall results. Changes in interest rates may also have a significant impact on any future loan origination revenues. Changes in interest rates also have a significant impact on the carrying value of a significant percentage of the assets, both loans and investment securities, on our balance sheet. We may incur debt in the future and that debt may also be sensitive to interest rates and any increase in interest rates could materially and adversely affect us. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various

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governmental and regulatory agencies, particularly the Federal Reserve. Adverse changes in the Federal Reserve’s interest rate policies or other changes in monetary policies and economic conditions could materially and adversely affect us.

We are dependent on our information technology and telecommunications systems and third-party servicers, and systems failures, interruptions or breaches of security could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our business is highly dependent on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and telecommunications systems and third-party servicers. We outsource many of our major systems, such as data processing, loan servicing and deposit processing systems. The failure of these systems, or the termination of a third-party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity or such third-party systems fail or experience interruptions. If significant, sustained or repeated, a system failure or service denial could compromise our ability to operate effectively, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, and/or subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

In addition, we provide our customers with the ability to bank remotely, including online, over the Internet and over the telephone. The secure transmission of confidential information over the Internet and other remote channels is a critical element of remote banking. Our network could be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes and other security breaches. We may be required to spend significant capital and other resources to protect against the threat of security breaches and computer viruses, or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches or viruses. To the extent that our activities or the activities of our customers involve the storage and transmission of confidential information, security breaches and viruses could expose us to claims, regulatory scrutiny, litigation and other possible liabilities. Any inability to prevent security breaches or computer viruses could also cause existing customers to lose confidence in our systems and could materially and adversely affect us.

Additionally, financial products and services have become increasingly technology-driven. Our ability to meet the needs of our customers competitively, and in a cost-efficient manner, is dependent on the ability to keep pace with technological advances and to invest in new technology as it becomes available. Certain competitors may have greater resources to invest in technology and may be better equipped to market new technology-driven products and services. The ability to keep pace with technological change is important, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse impact on our business and therefore on our financial condition and results of operations.

Loss of, or failure to adequately safeguard, confidential or proprietary information may adversely affect the Bancorp’s operations, net income or reputation.

The Bancorp regularly collects, processes, transmits and stores significant amounts of confidential information regarding its customers, employees and others. This information is necessary for the conduct of the Bancorp’s business activities, including the ongoing maintenance of deposit, loan, investment management and other account relationships for our customers, and receiving instructions and affecting transactions for those customers and other users of the Bancorp’s products and services. In addition to confidential information regarding its customers, employees and others, the Bancorp compiles, processes, transmits and stores proprietary, non-public information concerning its own business, operations, plans and strategies. In some cases, this confidential or proprietary information is collected, compiled, processed, transmitted or stored by third parties on behalf of the Bancorp.

Information security risks have generally increased in recent years because of the proliferation of new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyber-attacks. A failure in or breach of the Bancorp’s operational or information security systems, or those of the Bancorp’s third-party service providers, as a result of cyber-attacks or information security breaches or due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions could adversely affect our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and/or cause losses. As a result, cyber security and the continued development and enhancement of the controls and processes designed to protect the Bancorp’s systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority for the Bancorp.

If this confidential or proprietary information were to be mishandled, misused or lost, the Bancorp could be exposed to significant regulatory consequences, reputational damage, civil litigation and financial loss. Mishandling, misuse or loss of this confidential or proprietary information could occur, for example, if the confidential or proprietary information were erroneously provided to parties who are not permitted to have the information, either by fault of the systems or employees of the Bancorp, or the systems or employees of third parties which have collected, compiled, processed, transmitted or stored the

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information on the Bancorp’s behalf, where the information is intercepted or otherwise inappropriately taken by third parties or where there is a failure or breach of the network, communications or information systems which are used to collect, compile, process, transmit or store the information.

Although the Bancorp employs a variety of physical, procedural and technological safeguards to protect this confidential and proprietary information from mishandling, misuse or loss, these safeguards do not provide absolute assurance that mishandling, misuse or loss of the information will not occur, or that if mishandling, misuse or loss of the information did occur, those events would be promptly detected and addressed. Additionally, as information security risks and cyber threats continue to evolve, the Bancorp may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance its information security measures and/or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

Our directors and executive officers can influence the outcome of shareholder votes and, in some cases, shareholders may not have the opportunity to evaluate and affect the investment decision regarding a potential investment or acquisition transaction.

As of December 31, 2014, the directors and executive officers of Customers Bancorp as a group owned a total of 1,682,185 shares of Voting Common Stock and exercisable warrants to purchase up to an additional 350,858 shares of Voting Common Stock, which potentially gives them, as a group, the ability to control approximately 7.8% of the issued and outstanding Voting Common Stock. In addition, directors of Customers Bank who are not directors of Customers Bancorp own an additional 47,583 shares of Voting Common Stock and exercisable warrants to purchase up to an additional 8,233 shares of Voting Common Stock, which if combined with the directors and officers of Customers Bancorp, potentially gives them, as a group, the ability to control approximately 8.04% of the issued and outstanding Voting Common Stock. We believe ownership of stock causes directors and officers to have the same interests as shareholders, but it also gives them the ability to vote as shareholders for matters that are in their personal interest, which may be contrary to the wishes of other shareholders. Shareholders will not necessarily be provided with an opportunity to evaluate the specific merits or risks of one or more target institutions. Any decision regarding a potential investment or acquisition transaction will be made by our board of directors. Except in limited circumstances as required by applicable law, consummation of an acquisition will not require the approval of holders of Voting Common Stock. Accordingly, the shareholder may not have an opportunity to evaluate and affect the investment decision regarding potential investment or acquisition transactions.

We intend to engage in acquisitions of other businesses from time to time. These acquisitions may not produce revenue or earnings enhancements or cost savings at levels, or within timeframes, originally anticipated and may result in unforeseen integration difficulties.

We regularly evaluate opportunities to strengthen our current market position by acquiring and investing in banks and in other complementary businesses, or opening new branches, and when appropriate opportunities arise, subject to regulatory approval, we plan to engage in acquisitions of other businesses and in opening new branches. Such transactions could, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on our operating results and financial condition, including short and long-term liquidity. Our acquisition activities could be material to our business. For example, we could issue additional shares of Voting Common Stock in a purchase transaction, which could dilute current shareholders’ value or ownership interest. These activities could require us to use a substantial amount of cash, other liquid assets and/or incur debt. In addition, if goodwill recorded in connection with acquisitions were determined to be impaired, then we would be required to recognize a charge against our earnings, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations during the period in which the impairment was recognized. Our acquisition activities could involve a number of additional risks, including the risks of:


•	incurring time and expense associated with identifying and evaluating potential acquisitions and negotiating the terms of potential transactions, resulting in our attention being diverted from the operation of our existing business;


•	using inaccurate estimates and judgments to evaluate credit, operations, management and market risks with respect to the target institution or assets;


•	being potentially exposed to unknown or contingent liabilities of banks and businesses we acquire;


•	being required to expend time and expense to integrate the operations and personnel of the combined businesses;


•	experiencing higher operating expenses relative to operating income from the new operations;


•	creating an adverse short-term effect on our results of operations;


•	losing key employees and customers as a result of an acquisition that is poorly received; and

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•	incurring significant problems relating to the conversion of the financial and customer data of the entity being acquired into our financial and customer product systems.

Additionally, in evaluating potential acquisition opportunities we may seek to acquire failed banks through FDIC-assisted acquisitions. While the FDIC may, in such acquisitions, provide assistance to mitigate certain risks, such as sharing in exposure to loan losses, and providing indemnification against certain liabilities, of the failed institution, we may not be able to accurately estimate our potential exposure to loan losses and other potential liabilities, or the difficulty of integration, in acquiring such institutions.

Depending on the condition of any institutions or assets that are acquired, any acquisition may, at least in the near term, materially adversely affect our capital and earnings and, if not successfully integrated following the acquisition, may continue to have such effects. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with pending or potential acquisitions. Our inability to overcome these risks could have an adverse effect on levels of reported net income, return on equity and return on assets, and the ability to achieve our business strategy and maintain market value.

We are subject to certain risks related to FDIC-assisted acquisitions.

The success of past FDIC-assisted acquisitions, and any FDIC-assisted acquisitions in which we may participate in the future, will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to:


•	fully integrate, and to integrate successfully, the branches acquired into bank operations;


•	limit the outflow of deposits held by new customers in the acquired branches and to successfully retain and manage interest-earning assets (loans) acquired in FDIC-assisted acquisitions;


•	retain existing deposits and to generate new interest-earning assets in the geographic areas previously served by the acquired banks;


•	effectively compete in new markets in which we did not previously have a presence;


•	successfully deploy the cash received in the FDIC-assisted acquisitions into assets bearing sufficiently high yields without incurring unacceptable credit or interest rate risk;


•	control the incremental non-interest expense from the acquired branches in a manner that enables us to maintain a favorable overall efficiency ratio;


•	retain and attract the appropriate personnel to staff the acquired branches; and


•	earn acceptable levels of interest and non-interest income, including fee income, from the acquired bank.

As with any acquisition involving a financial institution, particularly one involving the transfer of a large number of bank branches (as is often the case with FDIC-assisted acquisitions), there may be higher than average levels of service disruptions that would cause inconveniences or potentially increase the effectiveness of competing financial institutions in attracting our customers. Integrating the acquired branches could present unique challenges and opportunities because of the nature of the transactions. Integration efforts will also likely divert our management’s attention and resources. It is not known whether we will be able to integrate acquired branches successfully, and the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of ongoing business or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with clients, customers, depositors and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits of the FDIC-assisted acquisitions. We may also encounter unexpected difficulties or costs during integration that could materially adversely affect our earnings and financial condition. Additionally, we may be unable to compete effectively in the market areas previously served by the acquired branches or to manage any growth resulting from FDIC-assisted acquisitions effectively.

Our willingness and ability to grow acquired branches following FDIC-assisted acquisitions depend on several factors, most importantly the ability to retain certain key personnel that we hire or transfer in connection with FDIC-assisted acquisitions. Our failure to retain these employees could adversely affect the success of FDIC-assisted acquisitions and our future growth.

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Our ability to continue to receive benefits of our Loss Sharing Agreements with the FDIC is conditioned upon compliance with certain requirements under the Purchase and Assumption Agreements.

Pursuant to the Purchase and Assumption Agreements we signed in connection with our FDIC-assisted acquisitions of USA Bank and ISN Bank (“Purchase and Assumption Agreements”), we are the beneficiary of loss sharing arrangements with the FDIC (the “Loss Sharing Agreements”) that call for the FDIC to fund a portion of its losses on a majority of the assets acquired in connection with the transactions. Our ability to recover a portion of losses and retain the loss sharing protection is subject to compliance with certain requirements imposed on us in the Purchase and Assumption Agreements. The requirements of the Loss Sharing Agreements relate primarily to loan servicing standards concerning the assets covered by the Loss Sharing Agreements (the “Covered Assets”), as well as obtaining the consent of the FDIC to engage in certain corporate transactions that may be deemed under the agreements to constitute a transfer of the loss sharing benefits. For example, FDIC approval will be required for any merger we undertake that would result in the pre-merger shareholders of such entity owning less than sixty-six and two/thirds percent (66.66%) of the equity of the surviving entity.

As the loan servicing standards evolve, we may experience difficulties in complying with the requirements of the Loss Sharing Agreements, which could result in Covered Assets losing some or all of their loss sharing coverage. In accordance with the terms of the Loss Sharing Agreements, we are subject to audits by the FDIC through its designated agent. The required terms of the Loss Sharing Agreements are extensive and failure to comply with any of the guidelines could result in a specific asset or group of assets losing their loss sharing coverage.

In such instances in which the consent of the FDIC is required under the Purchase and Assumption Agreements, the FDIC may withhold its consent to such transactions or may condition its consent on terms that we do not find acceptable. There can be no assurance that the FDIC will grant its consent or condition its consent on terms that we find acceptable. If the FDIC does not grant its consent to a transaction we would like to pursue, or conditions its consent on terms that we do not find acceptable, this may cause us not to engage in a corporate transaction that might otherwise benefit shareholders or to pursue such a transaction without obtaining the FDIC’s consent, which could result in termination of the Loss Sharing Agreements with the FDIC.

FDIC-assisted acquisition opportunities may not become available and increased competition may make it more difficult for us to bid on failed bank transactions on terms considered to be acceptable.

Our near-term business strategy includes consideration of potential acquisitions of failing banks that the FDIC plans to place in receivership. The FDIC may not place banks that meet our strategic objectives into receivership. Failed bank transactions are attractive opportunities in part because of loss sharing arrangements with the FDIC that limit the acquirer’s downside risk on the purchased loan portfolio and, apart from our assumption of deposit liabilities, we have significant discretion as to the non-deposit liabilities that we assume. In addition, assets purchased from the FDIC are marked to their fair value and in many cases there is little or no addition to goodwill arising from an FDIC-assisted acquisition. The bidding process for failing banks could become very competitive, and the increased competition may make it more difficult for us to bid on terms we consider to be acceptable. Further, all FDIC-assisted acquisitions would require us to obtain applicable regulatory approval.

If we do not open new branches as planned, or do not achieve targeted profitability on new branches, earnings may be reduced.

We plan to open approximately four to six new branches annually for the next several years in and around our target markets of southeastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Maryland, Connecticut, Virginia and Delaware. These plans may change. The opening of new branches is subject to regulatory approvals. We cannot predict whether the banking regulators will agree with our growth plans or if or when they will provide the necessary branch approvals. Numerous factors contribute to the performance of a new branch, such as the ability to select a suitable location, competition, our ability to hire and retain qualified personnel, and the effectiveness of our marketing strategy. It takes time for a new branch to generate significant deposits and loan volume to offset expenses, some of which, like salaries and occupancy expense, are relatively fixed costs. The initial cost, including capital asset purchases, for each new branch to open would be in a range of approximately $200,000 to $250,000. Additionally, there can be no assurance that any of these new branches will ever become profitable. During the period of time before a branch can become profitable, operating a branch will negatively impact net income.

To the extent that we are unable to increase loans through organic loan growth, we may be unable to successfully implement our growth strategy, which could materially and adversely affect us.

In addition to growing our business through strategic acquisitions, we also intend to grow our business through organic loan growth. While loan growth has been strong and our loan balances have increased over the past two fiscal years, much of the 2013 and 2014 loan growth came from multi-family and commercial real estate lending. If the bank is unsuccessful with

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diversifying its loan originations or if we do not grow the existing business lines, our results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted.

We may not be able to effectively manage our growth.

Our future operating results and financial condition depend to a large extent on our ability to successfully manage our growth. Our growth has placed, and it may continue to place, significant demands on our operations and management. Whether through additional acquisitions or organic growth, our current plan to expand our business is dependent upon our ability to:


•	continue to implement and improve our operational, credit underwriting and administration, financial, accounting, enterprise risk management and other internal and disclosure controls and processes and our reporting systems and procedures in order to manage a growing number of client relationships;


•	comply with changes in, and an increasing number of, laws, rules and regulations, including those of any national securities exchange on which any of our securities become listed;


•	scale our technology and other systems’ platforms;


•	maintain and attract appropriate staffing;


•	operate profitable or raise capital


•	support our asset growth with adequate deposits, funding and liquidity while maintaining our net interest margin and meeting our customers’ and regulators’ liquidity requirements.

We may not successfully implement improvements to, or integrate, our management information and control systems, credit underwriting and administration, internal and disclosure controls, and procedures and processes in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing systems and controls. In particular, our controls and procedures must be able to accommodate an increase in loan volume in various markets and the infrastructure that comes with new banking centers and banks. Our growth strategy may divert management from our existing business and may require us to incur additional expenditures to expand our administrative and operational infrastructure and, if we are unable to effectively manage and grow our banking franchise, including to the satisfaction of our regulators, we could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we are unable to manage our current and future expansion in our operations, we may experience compliance, operational and regulatory problems and delays, have to slow our pace of growth or even stop our market and product expansion, or have to incur additional expenditures beyond current projections to support such growth, any one of which could materially and adversely affect us. If we experience difficulties with the development of new business activities or the integration process of acquired businesses, the anticipated benefits of any particular acquisition may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. Additionally, we may be unable to recognize synergies, operating efficiencies and/or expected benefits within expected timeframes and cost projections, or at all. We also may not be able to preserve the goodwill of an acquired financial institution. Our growth could lead to increases in our legal, audit, administrative and financial compliance costs, which could materially and adversely affect us.

We may not be able to meet the cash flow requirements of our loan funding obligations, deposit withdrawals, or other business needs and fund our asset growth unless we maintain sufficient liquidity.

Customers Bank must maintain sufficient liquidity to fund its balance sheet growth in order to be able to successfully grow our revenues, make loans and to repay deposit and other liabilities as these mature or are drawn. This liquidity can be gathered in both wholesale and non-wholesale funding markets. Our asset growth over the past few years has been funded with various forms of deposits and wholesale funding, including brokered and wholesale time deposits, FHLB advances, and Federal funds line borrowings. Total wholesale deposits including brokered deposits were 35.3% and 10.6% of total deposits as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our gross loan to deposit ratio was 126.8% at December 31, 2014 and 108.5% at December 31, 2013 and our loan to deposit ratios excluding the mortgage warehouse portfolio funded by short term FHLB borrowings were 97.4% and 83.5% as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Wholesale funding can cost more than deposits generated from our traditional branch system and customer relationships and is subject to certain practical limits such as our liquidity policy limits, our available collateral for FHLB borrowings capacity and Federal funds line limits with our lenders. Additionally, regulators consider wholesale funding beyond certain points to be imprudent and might suggest that future asset growth be reduced or halted. In the absence of appropriate levels and mix of funding, we might need to reduce earning asset growth through the reduction of current production, sales of loans and/or the sale of participation interests in future and current loans. This might reduce our future growth and net income.

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The amount loaned to us is generally dependent on the value of the eligible collateral pledged and our financial condition. These lenders could reduce the percentages loaned against various collateral categories, eliminate certain types of collateral and otherwise modify or even terminate their loan programs, if further disruptions in the capital markets occur. Any change or termination of our borrowings from the FHLB or correspondent banks could have an adverse effect on our profitability and financial condition, including liquidity.

We may not be able to develop and retain a strong core deposit base and other low-cost, stable funding sources.

Customers Bank depends on checking, savings and money market deposit account balances and other forms of customer deposits as a primary source of funding for our lending activities. We expect that our future loan growth will largely depend on our ability to retain and grow a strong, low-cost deposit base. Because 37.8% of our deposit base as of December 31, 2014 was time deposits, it may prove harder to maintain and grow our deposit base than would otherwise be the case, especially since many of these deposits currently pay interest at above-market rates. As of December 31, 2014, $976.1 million (57.0%) of our total time deposits are scheduled to mature through December 31, 2015. We are working to transition certain of our customers to lower cost traditional bank deposits as higher cost funding, such as time deposits, mature. If interest rates increase, whether due to changes in inflation, monetary policy, competition or other factors, we would expect to pay higher interest rates on deposits, which would increase our funding costs and compress our net interest margin. We may not succeed in moving our deposits to lower yielding savings and transactions products, which could materially and adversely affect us. In addition, with concerns about bank failures over the past several years and the end of the FDIC’s noninterest transaction deposit guarantee program on December 31, 2012, customers, particularly those who may maintain deposits in excess of insured limits, have become concerned about the extent to which their deposits are insured by the FDIC. Customers may withdraw deposits to ensure that their deposits with us are fully insured, and may place excess amounts in other institutions or make investments that are perceived as being more secure and/or higher yielding. Further, even if we are able to maintain and grow our deposit base, deposit balances can decrease when customers perceive alternative investments, such as the stock market, will provide a better risk/return tradeoff. If customers move money out of bank deposits, we could lose a relatively low cost source of funds, increasing our funding costs and reducing our net interest income and net income. Additionally, any such loss of funds could result in lower loan originations and growth, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, including liquidity.

Our acquisitions generally will require regulatory approvals, and failure to obtain them would restrict our growth.

We intend to complement and expand our business by pursuing strategic acquisitions of community banking franchises and other businesses. Generally, any acquisition of target financial institutions, banking centers or other banking assets by us will require approval by, and cooperation from, a number of governmental regulatory agencies, possibly including the Federal Reserve, the OCC and the FDIC, as well as state banking regulators. In acting on applications, federal banking regulators consider, among other factors:


•	the effect of the acquisition on competition;


•	the financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, capital levels and future prospects of the applicant and the bank(s) involved;


•	the quantity and complexity of previously consummated acquisitions;


•	the managerial resources of the applicant and the bank(s) involved;


•	the convenience and needs of the community, including the record of performance under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”);


•	the effectiveness of the applicant in combating money laundering activities; and


•	the extent to which the acquisition would result in greater or more concentrated risks to the stability of the United States banking or financial system.

Such regulators could deny our application based on the above criteria or other considerations, which would restrict our growth, or the regulatory approvals may not be granted on terms that are acceptable to us. For example, we could be required to sell banking centers as a condition to receiving regulatory approvals, and such a condition may not be acceptable to us or may reduce the benefit of any acquisition.

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The success of future transactions will depend on our ability to successfully identify and consummate acquisitions of banking franchises that meet our investment objectives. Because of the intense competition for acquisition opportunities and the limited number of potential targets, we may not be able to successfully consummate acquisitions on attractive terms, or at all, that are necessary to grow our business.

Our acquisition history should be viewed in the context of the recent opportunities available to us as a result of the confluence of our access to capital at a time when market dislocations of historical proportions resulted in attractive asset acquisition opportunities. As conditions change, we may prove to be unable to execute our acquisition strategy, which would materially and adversely affect us. The success of future transactions will depend on our ability to successfully identify and consummate transactions with target banking franchises that meet our investment objectives. There are significant risks associated with our ability to identify and successfully consummate these acquisitions. There are a limited number of acquisition opportunities, and we expect to encounter intense competition from other banking organizations competing for acquisitions and also from other investment funds and entities looking to acquire financial institutions. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience in identifying and consummating acquisitions directly or through affiliates. Many of these competitors possess ongoing banking operations with greater financial, technical, human and other resources and access to capital than we do, which could limit the acquisition opportunities we pursue. Our competitors may be able to achieve greater cost savings, through consolidating operations or otherwise, than we could. These competitive limitations give others an advantage in pursuing certain acquisitions. In addition, increased competition may drive up the prices for the acquisitions we pursue and make the other acquisition terms more onerous, which would make the identification and successful consummation of those acquisitions less attractive to us. Competitors may be willing to pay more for acquisitions than we believe are justified, which could result in us having to pay more for them than we prefer or to forego the opportunity. As a result of the foregoing, we may be unable to successfully identify and consummate acquisitions on attractive terms, or at all, that are necessary to grow our business.

We will generally establish the pricing of transactions and the capital structure of banking franchises to be acquired by us on the basis of financial projections for such banking franchises. In general, projected operating results will be based on the judgment of our management team. In all cases, projections are only estimates of future results that are based upon assumptions made at the time that the projections are developed and the projected results may vary significantly from actual results. General economic, political and market conditions can have a material adverse impact on the reliability of such projections. In the event that the projections made in connection with our acquisitions, or future projections with respect to new acquisitions, are not accurate, such inaccuracies could materially and adversely affect us.

We may suffer losses due to minority investments in other financial institutions or related companies.

From time to time, we may make or consider making minority investments in other financial institutions or technology companies in the financial services business. If we do so, we may not be able to influence the activities of companies in which we invest, and may suffer losses due to these activities. Investments in foreign companies could pose additional risks as a result of distance, language barriers and potential lack of information (for example, foreign institutions, including foreign financial institutions, may not be obligated to provide as much information regarding their operations as those in the United States). Our investment in Religare Enterprises Limited (or Religare), which is a diversified financial services company and is applying for a banking license in India, represents such an investment. There is no assurance of the timing or Religare’s ability to obtain a banking license in India, which is important to our anticipated investment and cross-referral strategy, and the results of this strategy and the levels of new business derived from such referrals, cannot be predicted. These and other factors may result in lower-than-expected returns, or a loss, on our investment in Religare. We do not expect to receive any dividends on our investment in Religare securities. In addition, our investment in Religare may not have the market liquidity needed to realize a gain or avoid losses on our investment and any dispositions of our Religare common stock may be limited or delayed by market conditions or the need for regulatory or other approvals in India, and the value of our investment will be subject to fluctuations in the currency exchange rates between the Indian rupee and the United States dollar. On December 31, 2013, we announced that our investment in Religare would be capped at $23.0 million (4.1 million common shares). We had the ability to purchase warrants to acquire up to an additional $28.0 million of Religare stock but decided not to acquire the warrants or otherwise increase our holdings of Religare stock. Our current holdings represent 2.8% of current outstanding Religare shares.

We will be required to hold capital for United States bank regulatory purposes to support our investment in Religare securities.

Under the newly adopted U.S. capital adequacy rules, which became effective as of January 1, 2015, we have to hold risk based capital based on the amount of Religare common stock we own. The impact of the final capital adequacy rules is still being evaluated. Based upon the implementation of the final U.S. capital adequacy rules, these investments are potentially subject to risk weighting of 300% of the amount of the investment; however, to the extent future aggregated carrying value of certain

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equity exposures exceed 10% of the Bancorp's then total capital, risk weightings of 300% may apply. Any capital that is required to be used to support our Religare investment will not be available to support our United States operations or Customers Bank, if needed.

Some institutions we could acquire may have distressed assets and there can be no assurance that we will be able to realize the value predicted from these assets or that we will make sufficient provision for future losses in the value of, or accurately estimate the future write-downs taken in respect of, these assets.

Loan portfolios and other assets acquired in transactions may experience increases in delinquencies and losses in the loan portfolios, or in amounts that exceed initial forecasts developed during the due diligence investigation prior to acquiring those institutions. In addition, asset values may be impaired in the future due to factors that cannot currently be predicted, including deterioration in economic conditions and subsequent declines in collateral values and credit quality indicators. Any of these events could adversely affect the financial condition, liquidity, capital position and value of institutions acquired and of our business as a whole. Further, as a registered bank holding company, if we acquire bank subsidiaries, they may become subject to cross-guaranty liability under applicable banking law. If we do so and any of the foregoing adverse events occur with respect to one subsidiary, they may adversely affect other subsidiaries. Asset valuations are estimates of value and there is no certainty that we will be able to sell assets of target institutions at the estimated value, even if it is determined to be in our best interests to do so. The institutions we may target may have substantial amounts of asset classes for which there is currently limited or no marketability.

As a result of an investment or acquisition transaction, we may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We conduct due diligence investigations of target institutions we intend to acquire. Due diligence is time consuming and expensive due to the operations, accounting, finance and legal professionals who must be involved in the due diligence process. Even if extensive due diligence is conducted on a target institution with which we may be combined, this diligence may not reveal all material issues that may affect a particular target institution, and factors outside our control, or the control of the target institution, may later arise. If, during the diligence process, we fail to identify issues specific to a target institution or the environment in which the target institution operates, we may be forced to later write down or write off assets, restructure operations or incur impairment or other charges that could result in reporting losses. These charges may also occur if we are not successful in integrating and managing the operations of the target institution with which we combine. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject as a result of assuming preexisting debt held by a target institution or by virtue of obtaining debt financing.

Resources could be expended in considering or evaluating potential investment or acquisition transactions that are not consummated, which could materially and adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business.

We anticipate that the investigation of each specific target institution and the negotiation, drafting and execution of relevant agreements, disclosure documents and other instruments will require substantial management time and attention and substantial costs for accountants, attorneys and others. If a decision is made not to complete a specific investment or acquisition transaction, the costs incurred up to that point for the proposed transaction likely would not be recoverable. Furthermore, even if an agreement is reached relating to a specific target institution, we may fail to consummate the investment or acquisition transaction for any number of reasons, including those beyond our control. Any such event will result in a loss of the related costs incurred, and could result in additional costs or expenses, which could materially and adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another institution and our reported earnings.

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Risks Relating to the Regulation of Our Industry

The enactment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 may have a material adverse effect on our business.

On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (which we refer to as the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which imposes significant regulatory and compliance changes. The key effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on our business are:


•	changes to regulatory capital requirements;


•	exclusion of hybrid securities, including trust preferred securities, issued on or after May 19, 2010 from tier 1 capital;


•	creation of new government regulatory agencies (such as the Financial Stability Oversight Council, which will oversee systemic risk, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which will develop and enforce rules for bank and non-bank providers of consumer financial products);


•	potential limitations on federal preemption;


•	changes to deposit insurance assessments;


•	regulation of debit interchange fees we earn;


•	changes in retail banking regulations, including potential limitations on certain fees we may charge; and


•	changes in regulation of consumer mortgage loan origination and risk retention.

In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act restricts the ability of banks to engage in certain proprietary trading or to sponsor or invest in private equity or hedge funds. The Dodd-Frank Act also contains provisions designed to limit the ability of insured depository institutions, their holding companies and their affiliates to conduct certain swaps and derivatives activities and to take certain principal positions in financial instruments.

Some provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act became effective immediately upon its enactment. Many provisions, however, still require regulations to be promulgated by various federal agencies in order to be implemented, some of which have been proposed by the applicable federal agencies. The provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act may have unintended effects, which will not be clear until implementation. The changes resulting from the Dodd-Frank Act could limit our business activities, require changes to certain of our business practices, impose upon us more stringent capital, liquidity and leverage requirements or otherwise materially and adversely affect us. These changes may also require us to invest significant management attention and resources to evaluate and make any changes necessary to comply with new statutory and regulatory requirements. Failure to comply with the new requirements could also materially and adversely affect us. Any changes in the laws or regulations or their interpretations could be materially adverse to investors in our Voting Common Stock. For a more detailed description of the Dodd-Frank Act, see “Supervision and Regulation – Changes in Laws, Regulations or Policies and the Dodd-Frank Act.”

New regulations could adversely impact our earnings due to, among other things, increased compliance costs or costs due to noncompliance.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has issued a rule, effective as of January 14, 2014, designed to clarify for lenders how they can avoid monetary damages under the Dodd-Frank Act, which would hold lenders accountable for ensuring a borrower’s ability to repay a mortgage. Loans that satisfy this “qualified mortgage” safe-harbor will be presumed to have complied with the new ability-to-repay standard. Under the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s rule, a “qualified mortgage” loan must not contain certain specified features, including but not limited to: (i) excessive upfront points and fees (those exceeding 3% of the total loan amount, less “bona fide discount points” for prime loans); (ii) interest-only payments; (iii) negative-amortization; and (iv) terms longer than 30 years. Also, to qualify as a “qualified mortgage,” a borrower’s total monthly debt service-to-income ratio may not exceed 43%. Lenders must also verify and document the income and financial resources relied upon to qualify the borrower for the loan and underwrite the loan based on a fully amortizing payment schedule and maximum interest rate during the first five years, taking into account all applicable taxes, insurance and assessments. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s rule on qualified mortgages could limit our ability or desire to make certain types of loans or loans to certain borrowers, or could make it more expensive and/or time consuming to make these loans, which could adversely impact our growth or profitability.

Additionally, on December 10, 2013, five financial regulatory agencies, including our primary federal regulator, the Federal Reserve, adopted final rules (the “Final Rules”) implementing the so-called Volcker Rule embodied in Section 13 of the Bank

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Holding Company Act, which was added by Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Final Rules prohibit banking entities from, among other things, (1) engaging in short-term proprietary trading for their own accounts, and (2) having certain ownership interests in and relationships with hedge funds or private equity funds (“covered funds”). The Final Rules are intended to provide greater clarity with respect to both the extent of those primary prohibitions and of the related exemptions and exclusions. The Final Rules also require each regulated entity to establish an internal compliance program that is consistent with the extent to which it engages in activities covered by the Volcker Rule, which must include (for the largest entities) making regular reports about those activities to regulators. Community banks, such as Customers Bancorp, have been afforded some relief under the Final Rules. If such banks are engaged only in exempted proprietary trading, such as trading in U.S. government, agency, state and municipal obligations, they are exempt entirely from compliance program requirements. Moreover, even if a community bank engages in proprietary trading or covered fund activities under the rule, they need only incorporate references to the Volcker Rule into their existing policies and procedures. The Final Rules were effective April 1, 2014, but the conformance period has been extended from its statutory end date of July 21, 2014 until July 21, 2016, and the Federal Reserve has announced its intention to further extend the conformance period until July 21, 2017. Management is currently evaluating the Final Rules, which are lengthy and detailed.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, corporate governance, executive compensation and accounting principles, or changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, could materially and adversely affect us.

We are subject to extensive regulation, supervision, and legislation that govern almost all aspects of our operations. Intended to protect customers, depositors and the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) and not our shareholders, these laws and regulations, among other matters, prescribe minimum capital requirements, impose limitations on our business activities, limit the dividends or distributions that we can pay, restrict the ability of our subsidiary bank to engage in transactions with the Company, and impose certain specific accounting requirements on us that may be more restrictive and may result in greater or earlier charges to earnings or reductions in our capital than GAAP. Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations often impose additional compliance costs, and may make certain products impermissible or uneconomic. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure follows good faith effort or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, reputational harm, fines and other penalties, any of which could materially and adversely affect us. Further, any new laws, rules and regulations could make compliance more difficult or expensive and also materially and adversely affect us.

Our 2013 Community Reinvestment Act rating could have a negative effect on the Federal Reserve’s review of certain banking applications.

In early 2013, our primary federal regulator, the Federal Reserve, conducted a regularly scheduled examination covering 2011 and 2012 to determine the Bank’s compliance with the CRA. CRA and related regulations require banks, such as Customers Bank, to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. During the fourth quarter of 2013, the Federal Reserve issued the Bank’s CRA Performance Evaluation. The Bank received a rating of “needs to improve” (which is lower than the “satisfactory” rating received in the 2010 examination) principally as a result of alleged fair lending issues associated with our limited mortgage origination activities during 2011 and 2012. The Federal Reserve considers, among other factors, a bank’s compliance with the CRA in reviewing corporate applications, such as applications to establish branches or conduct mergers and acquisitions, and a rating below “satisfactory” can result in the denial of such applications. The failure to receive a rating of “satisfactory” or better can also result in other restrictions on activities. Such restrictions may last until such time as the Bank receives a rating of “satisfactory” or better with respect to CRA, and a new review of the Bank’s compliance may not occur for several months. The Federal Reserve recently completed an examination of the Bank's compliance with CRA, and the Bank's CRA performance evaluation rating is anticipated to be received during the first quarter of 2015.

We are subject to numerous laws and governmental regulations and to regular examinations by our regulators of our business and compliance with laws and regulations, and our failure to comply with such laws and regulations or to adequately address any matters identified during our examinations could materially and adversely affect us.

Federal banking agencies regularly conduct comprehensive examinations of our business, including our compliance with applicable laws, regulations and policies applicable to the Bancorp and the Bank. Examination reports and ratings (which often are not publicly available) and other aspects of this supervisory framework can materially impact the conduct, organic and acquisition growth, and profitability of our business. Our regulators have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities and may impose a variety of remedial actions, conditions or limitations on our business operations if, as a result of an examination, they determined that our financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of any of our operations had become unsatisfactory, or that the Company or its

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management was in violation of any law, regulation or policy. Examples of those actions, conditions or limitations include enjoining “unsafe or unsound” practices, requiring affirmative actions to correct any conditions resulting from any asserted violation of law, issuing administrative orders that can be judicially enforced, directing increases in our capital, assessing civil monetary penalties against our officers or directors, removing officers and directors and, if a conclusion was reached that the offending conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, terminating our deposit insurance. Other actions, formal or informal, that may be imposed could restrict our growth, including regulatory denials to expand branches, relocate, add subsidiaries and affiliates, expand into new financial activities or merge with or purchase other financial institutions. The timing of these examinations, including the timing of the resolution of any issues identified by our regulators in the examinations and the final determination by them with respect to the imposition of any remedial actions, conditions or limitations on our business operations, is generally not within our control. We also could suffer reputational harm in the event of any perceived or actual noncompliance with certain laws and regulations. If we become subject to such regulatory actions, we could be materially and adversely affected.

The FDIC’s restoration plan and the related increased assessment rate could materially and adversely affect us.

The FDIC insures deposits at FDIC-insured depository institutions up to applicable limits. The amount of a particular institution’s deposit insurance assessment is based on that institution’s risk classification under an FDIC risk-based assessment system. An institution’s risk classification is assigned based on its capital levels and the level of supervisory concern the institution poses to its regulators. Market developments have significantly depleted the DIF of the FDIC and reduced the ratio of reserves to insured deposits. As a result of recent economic conditions and the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act, the FDIC has increased the deposit insurance assessment rates and thus raised deposit insurance premiums for insured depository institutions. If these increases are insufficient for the DIF to meet its funding requirements, there may need to be further special assessments or increases in deposit insurance premiums. We are generally unable to control the amount of premiums that we are required to pay for FDIC insurance. If there are additional bank or financial institution failures, we may be required to pay even higher FDIC premiums than the recently increased levels. Any future additional assessments, increases or required prepayments in FDIC insurance premiums may materially and adversely affect us, including by reducing our profitability or limiting our ability to pursue certain business opportunities.

Federal banking agencies periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with laws and regulations, and our failure to comply with any supervisory actions to which we become subject as a result of such examinations could materially and adversely affect us.

Federal banking agencies periodically conduct examinations of our business, including our compliance with laws and regulations. If, as a result of an examination, a federal banking agency were to determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of any of our operations had become unsatisfactory, or that the Company or its management was in violation of any law or regulation, it may take a number of different remedial actions as it deems appropriate. These actions include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative actions to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in our capital, to restrict our growth, to assess civil monetary penalties against our officers or directors, to remove officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate our deposit insurance. If we become subject to such regulatory actions, we could be materially and adversely affected.

The Federal Reserve may require us to commit capital resources to support our subsidiary banks.

As a matter of policy, the Federal Reserve, which examines us and our subsidiaries, expects a bank holding company to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to a subsidiary bank and to commit resources to support such subsidiary bank. Under the “source of strength” doctrine, the Federal Reserve may require a bank holding company to make capital injections into a troubled subsidiary bank and may charge the bank holding company with engaging in unsafe and unsound practices for failure to commit resources to such a subsidiary bank. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act directs the federal bank regulators to require that all companies that directly or indirectly control an insured depository institution serve as a source of strength for the institution. Under this requirement, we could be required to provide financial assistance to Customers Bank or any other subsidiary banks we may own in the future should they experience financial distress.

A capital injection may be required at times when we do not have the resources to provide it and therefore we may be required to borrow the funds or raise additional equity capital from third parties. Any loans by a holding company to its subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of the subsidiary bank. In the event of a bank holding company’s bankruptcy, the bankruptcy trustee will assume any commitment by the holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank. Moreover, bankruptcy law provides that claims based on any

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such commitment will be entitled to a priority of payment over the claims of the holding company’s general unsecured creditors, including the holders of its indebtedness. Any financing that must be done by the holding company in order to make the required capital injection may be difficult and expensive and may not be available on attractive terms, or at all, which likely would have a material adverse effect on us.

The short-term and long-term impact of the new regulatory capital standards and the forthcoming new capital rules on U.S. banks is uncertain.

On September 12, 2010, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, announced an agreement to a strengthened set of capital requirements for internationally active banking organizations in the United States and around the world, known as Basel III. Basel III narrows the definition of capital, introduces requirements for minimum Tier 1 common capital, increases requirements for minimum Tier 1 capital and total risk-based capital, and changes risk-weighting methodologies. Basel III is scheduled to be phased in over time until fully phased in by January 1, 2019.

On July 2, 2013, the Federal Reserve adopted a final rule regarding new capital requirements pursuant to Basel III. These rules, which became effective on January 1, 2015 for community banks, could increase the required amount of regulatory capital that we must hold and lead to limitations on the dividend payments to us by Customers Bank.

Various provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act increase the capital requirements of bank holding companies, such as Customers Bancorp, and non-bank financial companies that are supervised by the Federal Reserve. The leverage and risk-based capital ratios of these entities may not be lower than the leverage and risk-based capital ratios for insured depository institutions. While the Basel III changes and other regulatory capital requirements will likely result in generally higher regulatory capital standards, we are evaluating the new rules and their effect on us and our bank subsidiaries.

We face a risk of noncompliance and enforcement action with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering statutes and regulations.

The federal Bank Secrecy Act, the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “PATRIOT Act”) and other laws and regulations require financial institutions, among other duties, to institute and maintain an effective anti-money laundering program and file suspicious activity and currency transaction reports as appropriate. The federal Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, established by the U.S. Treasury Department to administer the Bank Secrecy Act, is authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of those requirements, and has recently engaged in coordinated enforcement efforts with the individual federal banking regulators, as well as the U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, and Internal Revenue Service. There is also increased scrutiny of compliance with the rules enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (the “OFAC”). If our policies, procedures and systems are deemed deficient or the policies, procedures and systems of the financial institutions that we have already acquired or may acquire in the future are deficient, we would be subject to liability, including fines and regulatory actions (such as restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and the necessity to obtain regulatory approvals to proceed with certain aspects of our business plan, including our acquisition plans), which could materially and adversely affect us. Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have serious reputational consequences for us.

Federal, state and local consumer lending laws may restrict our ability to originate certain mortgage loans or increase our risk of liability with respect to such loans and could increase our cost of doing business.

Federal, state and local laws have been adopted that are intended to eliminate certain lending practices considered “predatory.” These laws prohibit practices such as steering borrowers away from more affordable products, selling unnecessary insurance to borrowers, repeatedly refinancing loans and making loans without a reasonable expectation that the borrowers will be able to repay the loans irrespective of the value of the underlying property. It is our policy not to make predatory loans, but these laws create the potential for liability with respect to our lending and loan investment activities. They increase our cost of doing business and, ultimately, may prevent us from making certain loans and cause us to reduce the average percentage rate or the points and fees on loans that we do make.

Reviews performed by the Internal Revenue Service and State Taxing Authorities for the fiscal years that remain open for investigation may result in a change to income taxes recorded in our consolidated financial statements and adversely affect our results of operations.

The Bancorp and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of various states primarily in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Years that remain open for potential review by (1) the Internal Revenue Service are

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2011 through 2013, and (2) state taxing authorities are 2010 through 2013. The results of these reviews could result in increased recognition of income tax expense in our consolidated financial statements as well as possible fines and penalties.

Our financial results may be adversely affected by changes in U.S. and non-U.S. tax and other laws and regulations.

The U.S. Congress and the Administration have indicated an interest in reforming the U.S. corporate income tax code. Possible approaches include lowering the 35 percent corporate tax rate, modifying the taxation of income earned outside the U.S. and limiting or eliminating various other deductions, tax credits and/or other tax preferences. Also, the Governor of New York has issued a proposal to reform the New York state corporate income tax. It is not possible at this time to quantify either the one-time impacts from the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities that might result upon tax reform enactment or the ongoing impacts reform proposals might have on income tax expense.

Regulatory action that may be taken by the Federal Reserve against one of our business partners may adversely affect our results of operations.

Customers Bank provides deposit accounts and services to college students, utilizing the technological services and relationships of Higher One, Inc. (“Higher One”) with colleges and universities in the United States. Higher One and a predecessor bank that Customers Bank replaced in August 2013 have announced that the Federal Reserve believes that certain disclosures and operating processes of these entities may have violated certain laws and regulations, and may result in fines and restitution. The predecessor bank has consented to a cease and desist order pursuant to which it must discontinue certain practices and has agreed to pay a total of $4.1 million in fines to federal and state authorities and an additional amount that it may be required to pay in restitution to students in the event Higher One is unable to pay the restitution obligations imposed on Higher One, if any. The Federal Reserve has notified Customers Bank that it is reviewing the relationship between Customers Bank and Higher One to determine whether there have been violations of certain laws and regulations. Customers Bank believes that the circumstances of its relationship with Higher One are different than the relationship between the predecessor bank and Higher One, with Customers Bank having identified the alleged deficiencies within 30 days of forming a relationship with Higher One, and causing such deficiencies to be remediated within 120 days of initiating its relationship with Higher One. However, it is possible that the Federal Reserve may determine that Customers Bank may have violated certain laws and regulations, and Customers Bank may be subjected to a cease and desist order and may be fined by the Federal Reserve and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and may be required to pay restitution to students who opened accounts between the time Customers Bank formed its relationship with Higher One and the deficiencies were remediated. While Customers Bancorp is presently unable to reasonably estimate whether, or the amount of, fines or penalties that might be imposed by the Federal Reserve or other regulatory agencies, Customers Bancorp does not presently believe that any such fines or penalties for which it may ultimately be responsible would have a material impact on Customers Bancorp’s consolidated results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Voting Common Stock

Customers Bancorp stock, listed on the New York Stock Exchange, is thinly traded and market liquidity may decrease in the event of adverse performance or changing market conditions.

Customers Bancorp, Inc. shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Adverse news or a market event could affect the liquidity for Customers stock. Accordingly, shareholders may not be able to sell their shares of our Voting Common Stock at the volume, price and time desired. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness, depends upon the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of our Voting Common Stock at any given time, which presence will be dependent upon the individual decisions of investors, over which we have no control. Illiquidity of the stock market, or Customers Bancorp’s stock traded on the New York Stock Exchange, could have a material adverse effect on the value of our Voting Common Stock.

We do not expect to pay cash dividends on our Voting Common Stock in the foreseeable future, and our ability to pay dividends is subject to regulatory limitations.

We have not historically declared nor paid cash dividends on our Voting Common Stock and we do not expect to do so in the near future. Any future determination relating to dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including earnings and financial condition, liquidity and capital requirements, the general economic and regulatory climate, ability to service any equity or debt obligations senior to the Voting Common Stock, and other factors deemed relevant by the board of directors.

In addition, as a bank holding company, we are subject to general regulatory restrictions on the payment of cash dividends. Federal bank regulatory agencies have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from engaging in unsafe or unsound

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practices in conducting their business, which depending on the financial condition and liquidity of the holding company at the time, could include the payment of dividends. Further, various federal and state statutory provisions limit the amount of dividends that our bank subsidiaries can pay to us as its holding company without regulatory approval. See “Market Price of Common Stock and Dividends – Dividends on Voting Common Stock” below for further detail regarding restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.

We may issue additional shares of our common stock in the future which could adversely affect the value or voting power of the Voting Common Stock.

Actual or anticipated issuances or sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the future could cause the value of our Voting Common Stock to decline significantly and make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and on terms that we deem appropriate. The issuance of any shares of our common stock in the future also would, and equity-related securities could, dilute the percentage ownership interest held by shareholders prior to such issuance. Actual issuances of our Voting Common Stock could also significantly dilute the voting power of the Voting Common Stock. In 2013, we issued 6,791,514 shares of Voting Common Stock in a public offering, as adjusted for a 2014 10% stock dividend.

We have also made grants of restricted stock units and stock options with respect to shares of Voting Common Stock and Class B Non-Voting Common Stock to our directors and certain employees. We may also issue further equity-based awards in the future. As such shares are issued upon vesting and as such options may be exercised and the underlying shares are or become freely tradeable, the value or voting power of our Voting Common Stock may be adversely affected and our ability to sell more equity or equity-related securities could also be adversely affected.

Except for 635,274 warrants held by certain investors at December 31, 2014, we are not required to issue any additional equity securities to existing holders of our Voting Common Stock on a preemptive basis. Therefore, additional common stock issuances, directly or through convertible or exchangeable securities, warrants or options, will generally dilute the holdings of our existing holders of Voting Common Stock and such issuances or the perception of such issuances may reduce the market price of our Voting Common Stock. Our preferred stock, if issued, would likely have a preference on distribution payments, periodically or upon liquidation, which could eliminate or otherwise limit our ability to make distributions to holders of our Voting Common Stock. Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities or incur other borrowings in the future will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, the amount, timing, nature or success of our future capital raising efforts is uncertain. Thus, holders of our Voting Common Stock bear the risk that our future issuances of debt or equity securities or our incurrence of other borrowings will negatively affect the value of our Voting Common Stock.

Future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our Voting Common Stock upon our liquidation, and future issuances of equity securities, which would dilute the holdings of our existing holders of Voting Common Stock and may be senior to our Voting Common Stock for the purposes of making distributions, periodically or upon liquidation, may negatively affect the market price of our Voting Common Stock.

In the future, we may issue debt or equity securities or incur other borrowings. Upon our liquidation, holders of our debt securities and other loans and preferred stock will receive a distribution of our available assets before holders of our Voting Common Stock. If we incur debt in the future, our future interest costs could increase, and adversely affect our liquidity, cash flows and results of operations.

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws may inhibit a takeover of us, which could discourage transactions that would otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders and could entrench management.

Provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws, and applicable provisions of Pennsylvania law and the federal Change in Bank Control Act may delay, inhibit or prevent someone from gaining control of our business through a tender offer, business combination, proxy contest or some other method even though some of our shareholders might believe a change in control is desirable. They might also increase the costs of completing a transaction in which we acquire another financial services business, merge with another financial institution, or sell our business to another financial institution. These increased costs could reduce the value of the shares held by our shareholders upon completion of these types of transactions.

Shareholders may be deemed to be acting in concert or otherwise in control of us and our bank subsidiaries, which could impose prior approval requirements and result in adverse regulatory consequences for such holders.

We are a bank holding company regulated by the Federal Reserve. Any entity (including a “group” composed of natural persons) owning 25% or more of a class of our outstanding shares of voting stock, or a lesser percentage if such holder or group otherwise exercises a “controlling influence” over us, may be subject to regulation as a “bank holding company” in

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accordance with the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”). In addition, (1) any bank holding company or foreign bank with a U.S. presence is required to obtain the approval of the Federal Reserve under the BHCA to acquire or retain 5% or more of a class of our outstanding shares of voting stock, and (2) any person other than a bank holding company may be required to obtain prior regulatory approval under the Change in Bank Control Act to acquire or retain 10% or more of our outstanding shares of voting stock. Any shareholder that is deemed to “control” the Company for bank regulatory purposes would become subject to prior approval requirements and ongoing regulation and supervision. Such a holder may be required to divest amounts equal to or exceeding 5% of the voting shares of investments that may be deemed incompatible with bank holding company status, such as an investment in a company engaged in non-financial activities. Regulatory determination of “control” of a depository institution or holding company is based on all of the relevant facts and circumstances. Potential investors are advised to consult with their legal counsel regarding the applicable regulations and requirements.

Our common stock owned by holders determined by a bank regulatory agency to be acting in concert would be aggregated for purposes of determining whether those holders have control of a bank or bank holding company. Each shareholder obtaining control that is a “company” would be required to register as a bank holding company. “Acting in concert” generally means knowing participation in a joint activity or parallel action towards the common goal of acquiring control of a bank or a parent company, whether or not pursuant to an express agreement. The manner in which this definition is applied in individual circumstances can vary and cannot always be predicted with certainty. Many factors can lead to a finding of acting in concert, including where: (i) the shareholders are commonly controlled or managed; (ii) the shareholders are parties to an oral or written agreement or understanding regarding the acquisition, voting or transfer of control of voting securities of a bank or bank holding company; (iii) the shareholders each own stock in a bank and are also management officials, controlling shareholders, partners or trustees of another company; or (iv) both a shareholder and a controlling shareholder, partner, trustee or management official of such shareholder own equity in the bank or bank holding company.

The FDIC’s policy statement imposing restrictions and criteria on private investors in failed bank acquisitions will apply to us and our investors.

On August 26, 2009, the FDIC issued a policy statement imposing restrictions and criteria on private investors in failed bank acquisitions. The policy statement is broad in scope and both complex and potentially ambiguous in its application. In most cases it would apply to an investor with more than 5% of the total voting power of an acquired depository institution or its holding company, but in certain circumstances it could apply to investors holding fewer voting shares. The policy statement will be applied to us if we make additional failed bank acquisitions from the FDIC or if the FDIC changes its interpretation of the policy statement or determines at some future date that it should be applied because of our circumstances.

Investors subject to the policy statement could be prohibited from selling or transferring their interests for three years. They also would be required to provide the FDIC with information about the investor and all entities in the investor’s ownership chain, including information on the size of the capital fund or funds, its diversification, its return profile, its marketing documents, and its management team and business model. Investors owning 80% or more of two or more banks or savings associations would be required to pledge their proportionate interests in each institution to cross-guarantee the FDIC against losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund.

Under the policy statement, the FDIC also could prohibit investment through ownership structures involving multiple investment vehicles that are owned or controlled by the same parent company. Investors that directly or indirectly hold 10% or more of the equity of a bank or savings association in receivership also would not be eligible to bid to become investors in the deposit liabilities of that failed institution. In addition, an investor using ownership structures with entities that are domiciled in bank secrecy jurisdictions would not be eligible to own a direct or indirect interest in an insured depository institution unless the investor’s parent company is subject to comprehensive consolidated supervision as recognized by the Federal Reserve and the investor enters into certain agreements with the U.S. bank regulators regarding access to information, maintenance of records and compliance with U.S. banking laws and regulations. If the policy statement applies, we (including any failed bank we acquire) could be required to maintain a ratio of Tier 1 common equity to total assets of at least 10% for a period of 3 years, and thereafter maintain a capital level sufficient to be well capitalized under regulatory standards during the remaining period of ownership of the investors. Bank subsidiaries also may be prohibited from extending any new credit to investors that own at least 10% of our equity.

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

The table below summarizes our leased branch and administrative office properties, by county and state, as of December 31, 2014. We do not currently own any real property.



Bank Branches
County	State	Leased
Berks (1)	PA	4
Bucks	PA	3
Chester (2)	PA	3
Delaware	PA	2
Westchester	NY	1
Mercer	NJ	1
		14



Administrative Offices
County	State	Leased
Berks (3)	PA	3
Bucks (6)	PA	1
Chester (2)	PA	2
Delaware (7)	PA	1
Philadelphia (8)	PA	1
Fairfax (9)	VA	1
Mercer (4)	NJ	1
New York (10)	NY	1
Westchester (5)	NY	2
Suffolk (13)	NY	1
Providence (11)	RI	1
Suffolk (12)	MA	1
		16


(1)	Includes the full service branch at 1001 Penn Avenue, Wyomissing, PA as well as three branches acquired through the Berkshire Bancorp, Inc. acquisition. The lease on this location expires in 2020.

(2)

Includes the corporate headquarters of Customers Bank and a full service branch located in a freestanding building at 99 Bridge St., Phoenixville, PA 19460, wherein we lease approximately 31,054 square feet on 4 floors. The lease on this location expires in 2022. Also includes the lease of 5,523 square feet of property at 513 Kimberton Road in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania where we maintain a full service commercial bank branch and corporate offices. The lease on this location expires in 2018.


(3)	Includes the corporate headquarters of Customers Bancorp and a full service branch located at 1015 Penn Avenue, Wyomissing, PA. The leased space covers a total of 17,407 square feet. This lease expires in 2020. Also, includes the administrative offices for the corporate lending group which is housed within the Exeter branch location and two other administrative offices for Company personnel.


(4)	We lease 7,327 square feet of space in Hamilton, New Jersey from which we conduct our mortgage warehouse and retail lending activities. The lease on this location expires in 2019.


(5)	Represents administrative offices for Company personnel. The lease on this location expires in 2022.


(6)	Represents administrative office for Company personnel. The lease on this location expires in 2017.


(7)	Represents administrative office for Company personnel. The lease on this location expires in 2018.

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(8)	Represents loan office for Company personnel. The lease on this location expires in 2023.


(9)	Represents administrative offices. The space is currently sublet to a third party. The lease on this location expires in 2018.


(10)	Represents loan office for Company personnel. The lease on this location expires in 2020.


(11)	Represents administrative office for Company personnel. The lease on this location expires in 2021.


(12)	Represents administrative office for Company personnel. The lease on this location expires in 2019.


(13)	Represents office space currently unoccupied. The lease on this location expires in 2024.

The Bank branch locations, which range in size from approximately 1,800 to 3,900 square feet, have leases on these locations which expire between 2018 and 2023.

The total minimum cash lease payments for our current branches, administrative offices and mortgage warehouse lending locations amount to approximately $320,000 per month.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

On August 7, 2013, the Bancorp received a letter from the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia (“Reserve Bank”) of its determination, in connection with its consumer compliance and Community Reinvestment Act examinations of the Bank for the period of 2011 and 2012, to make a referral to the Department of Justice. The Reserve Bank informed us that it made the referral based on its belief that Customers Bank has not complied with certain provisions of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”), Fair Housing Act (“FHA”) and Regulation B with regard to the City of Philadelphia. Customers Bank received notification as of September 24, 2013 that the Department of Justice has initiated an investigation of the Bancorp under the ECOA and FHA.

On August 22, 2014, the Department of Justice informed the Bancorp that it had completed its review and that the circumstances of this matter did not require enforcement action by the Department of Justice at this time. The matter has been referred back to the Federal Reserve. The Bancorp is not able to determine whether further action will be taken at this point with respect to the ultimate resolution of this matter.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

PART II


Item 5.	Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Trading Market for Voting Common Stock

Since December 30, 2014, the common stock of Customers Bancorp has been listed for quotation on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CUBI.” The common stock of Customers Bancorp was listed for quotation on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “CUBI” from May 16, 2013 through December 29, 2014. Prior to May 16, 2013, bid quotations for the common stock of Customers Bancorp were listed on the OTC Pink Sheets under the symbol “CUUU.”

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Market Price of Voting Common Stock

The chart below displays the high and low closing sale prices of the common stock of the Bancorp as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market and New York Stock Exchange (effective December 30, 2014) between May 16, 2013 and February 20, 2015. From January 1, 2013 until May 15, 2013, the chart displays the high and low sale prices of the common stock of Customers Bancorp known by management to have occurred or bid quotations on the OTC Pink Sheets. Prices have been adjusted to reflect the 10% stock dividend declared on May 15, 2014 and issued on June 30, 2014.



	High		Low
2015
First quarter (through February 20, 2015)	$	22.43	$	17.96

2014
Fourth quarter	$	20.16	$	17.10
Third quarter	20.66		17.71
Second quarter	21.25		18.25
First quarter	20.03		17.27

2013
Fourth quarter	$	21.04	$	14.39
Third quarter	16.35		14.12
Second quarter	16.36		13.77
First quarter	16.82		12.27

As of February 20, 2015, there were: (1) approximately 504 shareholders of record of our Voting Common Stock and one shareholder of record of our Class B Non-Voting Common Stock; and (2) 25,685,524 outstanding shares of our Voting Common Stock and 1,121,730 outstanding shares of our Class B Non-Voting Common Stock.

Dividends on Voting Common Stock

Neither Customers Bancorp nor Customers Bank (prior to the reorganization into a Bank Holding Company structure), historically has paid any cash dividends on its shares of common stock. Customers Bancorp does not expect to do so in the forseeable future and Customers Bank may begin payment of dividends to the parent in 2015. Any future determination relating to dividend policy will be made at the discretion of Customers Bancorp’s board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including earnings and financial condition, liquidity and capital requirements, the general economic and regulatory climate, ability to service any equity or debt obligations senior to the Voting Common Stock, and other factors deemed relevant by the board of directors.

In addition, as a bank holding company, Customers Bancorp is subject to general regulatory restrictions on the payment of cash dividends. Federal bank regulatory agencies have the authority to prohibit bank holding companies from engaging in unsafe or unsound practices in conducting their business, which depending on the financial condition and liquidity of the holding company at the time, could include the payment of dividends. Further, various federal and state statutory provisions limit the amount of dividends that bank subsidiaries can pay to their parent holding company without regulatory approval. Generally, subsidiaries are prohibited from paying dividends when doing so would cause them to fall below the regulatory minimum capital levels, and limits exist on paying dividends in excess of net income for specified periods.

Beginning January 1, 2015, the ability to pay dividends and the amounts that can be paid, will be limited to the extent the bank capital ratios do not exceed the minimum required levels plus 250 basis points, as these requirements are phased in through January 1, 2019. See "Item 1, Business- Federal Banking Laws" for more information relating to restrictions on the Bank's ability to pay dividends to the Company and the Company's payment of dividends.

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On November 26, 2013, the Bancorp’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan in which the Bancorp could acquire up to 5% of its current outstanding shares at prices not to exceed a 20% premium over the then current book value. The repurchase program has no expiration date but may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time, and the Bancorp has no obligation to repurchase any amount of its common stock under the program. There were no common stock repurchases during 2014.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

The following table provides certain summary information as of December 31, 2014 concerning our compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which shares of our common stock may be issued.



			Number of Securities
	Number of Securities		Remaining
	to be Issued upon		Available for Future Issuance
	Exercise of	Weighted-Average	Issuance Under Equity
	Outstanding Options,	Exercise Price of	Compensation Plans
	Warrants, and	Outstanding Options	(Excluding Securities Reflected
Plan Category	Rights (#)	($) (2)	in the First Column) (#)
Equity Compensation Plans
Approved by Security Holders (1)	3,957,038	12.61	3,605,394 (3)

Equity Compensation Plans Not
Approved by Security Holders	N/A	N/A	N/A

(1) Includes shares of common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of awards granted or rights accrued under the Amended and Restated Customers Bancorp, Inc. 2004 Incentive Equity and Deferred Compensation Plan, the Customers Bancorp, Inc. 2010 Stock Option Plan, the Bonus Recognition and Retention Program ("BRRP"), and the Customers Banorp, Inc. Amended and Restated 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

(2) Does not include restricted stock units and stock awards for which, by definition, there exists no exercise price.

(3) Does not include securities available for future issuance under the BRRP as there is no specific number of shares reserved under this plan. By its terms, the plan limits the award of restricted stock units to the amount of the cash bonuses paid to the participants in the BRRP.

Common Stock Performance Graph

The following graph compares the performance of our common stock over the period from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2014, to that of the total return index for the SNL Mid-Atlantic Bank Index, SNL U.S. Bank NASDAQ Index and SNL U.S. Bank NYSE Index, assuming an investment of $100 on December 31, 2012. The SNL U.S. Bank NYSE Index was added to the performance graph because the Bancorp changed the listing of its Voting Common Stock to the NYSE from NASDAQ in December 2014. In calculating total annual shareholder return, reinvestment of dividends, if any, is assumed. Customers Bancorp obtained the information contained in the performance graph from SNL Financial.

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The graph below is furnished under this Part II, Item 5 of this Form 10-K and shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Commission or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C, or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Total Return Performance

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

The following table presents Customers Bancorp’s summary consolidated financial data. Customers Bancorp derived the balance sheet and income statement data for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010 from its audited financial statements. The summary consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in their entirety by, Customers Bancorp’s financial statements and the accompanying notes and the other information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain amounts reported in this table have been reclassified to conform to the 2014 presentation. These reclassifications did not significantly impact the Bancorp’s financial position or results of operations.



	2014			2013			2012			2011 (1)			2010 (2)
	(dollars in thousands, except per share information)
For the Year ended December 31,
Interest income	$	190,427		$	128,156		$	93,814		$	61,245		$	30,907
Interest expense	38,504			24,301			21,761			22,464			11,546
Net interest income	151,923			103,855			72,053			38,781			19,361
Provision for loan losses	14,747			2,236			14,270			7,495			10,397
Bargain purchase gains on acquisitions	—			—			—			—			40,254
Total non-interest income, excluding bargain purchase gains	25,126			22,703			28,958			11,469			5,416
Total non-interest expense	98,914			74,024			50,651			36,886			26,168
Income before taxes	63,388			50,298			36,090			5,869			28,466
Income tax expense	20,174			17,604			12,272			1,835			4,731
Net income	43,214			32,694			23,818			4,034			23,735
Net income attributable to common shareholders	43,214			32,694			23,818			3,990			23,735
Basic earnings per common share (3) (9)	1.62			1.34			1.61			0.36			3.44
Diluted earnings per common share (3) (9)	1.55			1.30			1.57			0.35			3.35
At Period End
Total assets	$	6,825,370		$	4,153,173		$	3,201,234		$	2,077,532		$	1,374,407
Cash and cash equivalents	371,023			233,068			186,016			73,570			238,724
Investment securities (4)	416,685			497,573			129,093			398,684			205,828
Loans held for sale (6)	1,435,459			747,593			1,439,889			174,999			199,970
Loans receivable not covered by Loss Sharing Agreements with the FDIC (5)	4,269,480			2,399,265			1,216,941			1,215,117			514,087
Allowance for loan losses	30,932			23,998			25,837			15,032			15,129
Loans receivable covered by Loss Sharing Agreements with the FDIC (5)	42,181			66,725			107,526			126,276			164,885
FDIC loss sharing receivable (5)	2,320			10,046			12,343			13,077			16,702
Deposits	4,532,538			2,959,922			2,440,818			1,583,189			1,245,690
Borrowings	1,816,250			771,750			471,000			331,000			11,000
Shareholders’ equity	443,145			386,623			269,475			147,748			105,140
Tangible common equity (8)	439,481			382,947			265,786			144,043			105,140
Selected Ratios and Share Data
Return on average assets	0.78		%	0.95		%	1.02		%	0.24		%	3.40		%
Return on average equity	10.39		%	9.49		%	12.69		%	3.06		%	41.29		%
Book value per share (3) (9)	$	16.57		$	14.51		$	13.27		$	11.84		$	11.38
Tangible book value per common share (3) (8) (9)	$	16.43		$	14.37		$	13.09		$	11.54		$	11.38
Common shares outstanding (3) (9)	26,745,529			26,646,566			20,305,452			12,482,451			9,237,815

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Net interest margin	2.86		%	3.13		%	3.21		%	2.47		%	2.76		%
Equity to assets	6.49		%	9.31		%	8.42		%	7.11		%	7.65		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (8) (9)	6.44		%	9.23		%	8.31		%	6.95		%	7.65		%
Tier 1 leverage ratio – Customers Bank	7.39		%	10.81		%	7.74		%	7.11		%	8.67		%
Tier 1 leverage ratio – Customers Bancorp	6.69		%	10.11		%	9.30		%	7.37		%	n/a
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio – Customers Bank	9.27		%	13.33		%	8.50		%	9.66		%	19.65		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio – Customers Bancorp	8.39		%	12.44		%	10.23		%	10.01		%	n/a
Total risk-based capital ratio – Customers Bank	11.98		%	14.11		%	9.53		%	10.78		%	21.14		%
Total risk-based capital ratio – Customers Bancorp	11.09		%	13.21		%	11.26		%	11.13		%	n/a
Asset Quality – Non-covered Assets (5)
Non-performing loans	$	7,487		$	13,513		$	22,347		$	29,633		$	22,242
Non-performing loans to total non-covered loans	0.18		%	0.56		%	1.84		%	2.44		%	4.33		%
Other real estate owned	$	5,926		$	5,312		$	4,005		$	7,316		$	1,906
Non-performing assets	13,413			18,825			26,352			36,949			24,148
Non-performing non-covered assets to total non-covered assets	0.31		%	0.78		%	2.16		%	3.02		%	4.68		%
Allowance for loan losses to total non-covered loans (7)	0.67		%	0.62		%	1.20		%	1.24		%	2.94		%
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing non-covered loans (7)	382.80		%	109.16		%	65.26		%	50.73		%	68.02		%
Net charge-offs	$	3,124		$	6,894		$	5,466		$	9,547		$	5,250
Net charge-offs to average non-covered loans	0.09		%	0.38		%	0.45		%	1.10		%	1.41		%
Asset Quality – Covered Assets (5)
Non-performing loans	$	4,246		$	5,650		$	10,504		$	6,993		$	8,084
Non-performing loans to total covered loans	10.07		%	8.47		%	22.69		%	16.72		%	9.18		%
Other real estate owned	$	9,445		$	6,953		$	4,109		$	6,166		$	5,342
Non-performing assets	13,691			12,603			14,613			13,159			13,426
Non-performing assets to total covered assets	26.52		%	17.11		%	13.09		%	9.94		%	7.89		%


(1)	On September 17, 2011, Customers Bancorp completed its acquisition of Berkshire Bancorp, Inc. using the purchase accounting method in accounting for the acquisition. The purchase method provides that all transactions after the acquisition date are reflected in the acquirers’ financial accounting records.


(2)	During the third quarter of 2010, Customers Bancorp acquired two banks in FDIC assisted transactions using the purchase accounting method.


(3)	Effective September 17, 2011, Customers Bank reorganized into the holding company structure pursuant to which all of the issued and outstanding common stock of the Bank was exchanged on a one-for-three basis for common stock of Customers Bancorp. All share and per share information for periods prior to the reorganization has been restated retrospectively to reflect the reorganization.


(4)	Includes available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities.

(5)

Certain loans and other real estate owned (described as “covered”) acquired in the two FDIC assisted transactions in 2010 are subject to loss sharing agreements between Customers Bank and the FDIC. If certain provisions within the loss sharing agreements are maintained, the FDIC will reimburse Customers Bank for 80% of the unpaid principal balances and certain expenses. A loss sharing receivable was recorded based upon the credit evaluation of the acquired loan portfolio and the estimated periods for repayments. Loans receivable and assets that are not subject to the loss sharing agreement are described as “non-covered”.

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(6)	In 2014 and 2013, loans held for sale included $1,332,019 and $740,694 of mortgage warehouse loans at fair value, respectively.


(7)	Allowance for loan losses used for this calculation excludes the portion related to purchased-credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans of $7.0 million in 2014 and $9.2 million in 2013.

(8)

Customers Bancorp’s selected financial data contains non-GAAP financial measures calculated using non-GAAP amounts. These measures include tangible common equity and tangible book value per common share and tangible common equity to tangible assets. Management uses these non-GAAP measures to present historical periods comparable to the current period presentation. In addition, management believes the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity when assessing the Bancorp’s financial results and use of equity. These disclosures should not be viewed as substitutes for results determined to be in accordance with U.S. GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other entities. Customers Bancorp calculates tangible common equity by excluding intangible assets from total shareholders’ equity. Tangible book value per common share equals tangible common equity divided by common shares outstanding.


(9)	Per share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the 10% stock divdend declared on May 15, 2014 and issued on June 30, 2014.

A reconciliation of shareholders’ equity to tangible common equity and other related amounts is set forth below.



	2014			2013			2012			2011			2010
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Shareholders’ equity	$	443,145		$	386,623		$	269,475		$	147,748		$	105,140
Less: intangible assets	(3,664		)	(3,676		)	(3,689		)	(3,705		)	—
Tangible common equity	$	439,481		$	382,947		$	265,786		$	144,043		$	105,140
Shares outstanding	26,746			26,647			20,305			12,482			9,238
Book value per share	$	16.57		$	14.51		$	13.27		$	11.84		$	11.38
Less: effect of excluding intangible assets	(0.14		)	(0.14		)	(0.18		)	(0.30		)	—
Tangible book value per share	$	16.43		$	14.37		$	13.09		$	11.54		$	11.38
Total assets	$	6,825,370		$	4,153,173		$	3,201,234		$	2,077,532		$	1,374,407
Less: intangible assets	(3,664		)	(3,676		)	(3,689		)	(3,705		)	—
Total tangible assets	$	6,821,706		$	4,149,497		$	3,197,545		$	2,073,827		$	1,374,407
Equity to assets	6.49		%	9.31		%	8.42		%	7.11		%	7.65		%
Less: effect of excluding intangible assets	(0.05		)	(0.08		)	(0.11		)	(0.16		)	—
Tangible common equity to tangible assets	6.44		%	9.23		%	8.31		%	6.95		%	7.65		%

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read this Management's Discussion and Analysis in conjunction with “Business – Executive Summary” and the Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2014. Certain amounts reported in the 2013 and 2012 financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2014 presentation. These reclassifications did not significantly impact the Bancorp’s financial position or results of operations.

Critical Accounting Policies

Customers Bancorp has adopted various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) and that are consistent with general practices within the banking industry in the preparation of its financial statements. The Bancorp’s significant accounting policies are described in “NOTE 3 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION” to its audited financial statements.

Certain accounting policies involve significant judgments and assumptions by Customers Bancorp that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities. Customers Bancorp considers these accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgment and assumptions used are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions management makes, actual results could differ from these judgments and estimates, which could have a material impact on the carrying values of the Bancorp’s assets and liabilities and results of operations.

The following is a summary of the policies Customers Bancorp recognizes as involving critical accounting estimates: Allowance for Loan Losses, Stock-Based Compensation, Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities, Fair Value Accounting, Accounting for Purchased-Credit-Impaired (PCI) Loans, FDIC Receivable for Loss Share Agreements, and Deferred Income Taxes.

Allowance for Loan Losses. Customers Bancorp maintains an allowance for loan losses at a level management believes is sufficient to absorb estimated credit losses incurred as of the report date. Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance is based on periodic evaluations of the loan portfolio and other relevant factors. However, this evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires significant estimates by management. Consideration is given to a variety of factors in establishing these estimates including historical losses, current and anticipated economic conditions, the size and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency statistics, criticized and classified assets and impaired loans, results of internal loan reviews, borrowers’ perceived financial and management strengths, the adequacy of underlying collateral, the dependence on collateral, or the strength of the present value of future cash flows and other relevant factors. These factors may be susceptible to significant change. To the extent actual outcomes differ from management estimates, additional provisions for loan losses may be required which may adversely affect the Bancorp’s results of operations in the future.

Estimates of cash flows expected to be collected for purchased-credit-impaired loans are updated each reporting period. If the Bank has probable decreases in expected cash flows to be collected after acquisition, the Bank charges the provision for loan losses and establishes an allowance for loan losses.

Stock-Based Compensation. Customers Bancorp recognizes compensation expense for share-based awards in accordance with ASC 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation. Expense related to stock option awards is based on the fair value of the option at the grant date, with compensation expense recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. Customers Bancorp utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of each option on the date of grant. The Black-Scholes model takes into consideration the exercise price of the option, the expected life of the option, the current price of the underlying stock and its expected volatility, expected dividends on our stock, and the current risk-free interest rate for the expected life of the option. The Bancorp’s estimate of the fair value of a stock option is based on expectations derived from its limited historical experience and may not necessarily equate to market value when fully vested.

Unrealized Gains and Losses on Securities Available for Sale. Customers Bancorp receives estimated fair values of debt securities from independent valuation services and brokers. In developing these fair values, the valuation services and brokers use estimates of cash flows based on historical performance of similar instruments in similar rate environments. Debt securities available for sale are mostly comprised of mortgage backed securities and U.S. government agency securities. Customers Bancorp uses various indicators in determining whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired including, for debt securities, when it is probable that the contractual interest and principal will not be collected, or for equity securities, whether the market value is below its cost for an extended period of time with low expectation of recovery. The debt securities are monitored for changes in credit ratings because adverse changes in credit ratings could indicate a change in the estimated cash flows of the underlying collateral or issuer. The unrealized losses associated with securities that management does not intend to

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sell, and more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to maturity or market price recovery, were not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, because the unrealized losses were related to changes in interest rates and did not affect the expected cash flows of the underlying collateral or issuer. The unrealized losses associated with the equity investments that management does not intend to sell, and more likely than not will not be required to sell, were not considered other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2014 or 2013 because the decrease in market price or foreign currency exchange rates was estimated to be temporary.

Fair Value. The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. Management estimates the fair value of a financial instrument using a variety of valuation methods. Where financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, the quoted market prices are used for fair value. When the financial instruments are not actively traded, other observable market inputs, such as quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, may be used, if available, to determine fair value. When observable market prices do not exist, Customers Bancorp estimates fair value using unobservable data. The valuation methods and inputs consider factors such as types of underlying assets or liabilities, rates of estimated credit losses, interest rate or discount rate and collateral. The best estimate of fair value involves assumptions including, but not limited to, various performance indicators, such as historical and projected default and recovery rates, credit ratings, current delinquency rates, loan-to-value ratios and the possibility of obligor refinancing. US GAAP requires the use of fair values in determining the carrying values of certain assets and liabilities, as well as for specific disclosures. The most significant uses of fair values include residential mortgage loans acquired subject to an agreement to resell, residential mortgage loans originated with an intent to sell, impaired loans and foreclosed property and the net assets acquired in business combinations. For additional information, refer to “NOTE 19 – DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS.”

Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans

For certain acquired loans that have experienced a deterioration of credit quality, Customers Bancorp follows the guidance contained in ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans are loans that were acquired in business combinations or asset purchases with evidence of credit deterioration since origination to the date acquired and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are considered to be credit impaired. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of purchase dates may include information such as past-due and non-accrual status, borrower credit scores and recent loan to value percentages.

The fair value of loans with evidence of credit deterioration is recorded net of a nonaccretable difference and, if appropriate, an accretable yield. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is the nonaccretable difference, which is not included in the carrying amount of acquired loans. Subsequent decreases in the estimated cash flows of the loan will generally result in a provision for loan losses. Subsequent to acquisition, estimates of cash flows expected to be collected are updated each reporting period based on updated assumptions regarding default rates, loss severities, and other factors that are reflective of current market conditions. Subsequent increases in cash flows result in a reversal of the provision for loan losses to the extent of prior charges, or a reclassification of the difference from nonaccretable to accretable with a positive impact on accretion of interest income in future periods. Further, any excess of cash flows expected at the time of acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of those cash flows.

Purchased-credit-impaired loans acquired in the same fiscal quarter may be aggregated into one or more pools, provided that the loans have common risk characteristics. A pool is then accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. On a quarterly basis, the Bank re-estimates the total cash flows (both principal and interest) expected to be collected over the remaining life of each pool. These estimates incorporate assumptions regarding default rates, loss severities, the amounts and timing of prepayments and other factors that reflect then-current market conditions. If the timing and/or amounts of expected cash flows on purchased-credit-impaired loans were determined not to be reasonably estimable, no interest would be accreted and the loans would be reported as non-accrual loans; however, when the timing and amounts of expected cash flows for purchased-credit-impaired loans are reasonably estimable, interest is being accreted and the loans are being reported as performing loans. Charge-offs are not recorded on purchased-credit-impaired loans until actual losses exceed the estimated losses that were recorded as purchase accounting adjustments at acquisition date.

FDIC Receivable for Loss Share Agreements. The majority of the loans and other real estate assets acquired in an FDIC-assisted acquisition is covered under loss share agreements with the FDIC in which the FDIC has agreed to reimburse the Bank for 80% of all losses incurred in connection with those assets. Management estimated the amount that the Bank will receive from the FDIC under the loss share agreements that will result from losses incurred as the Bank disposes of covered loans and other real estate assets and records the estimate as a receivable from the FDIC.

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The FDIC loss sharing receivable is measured separately from the related covered assets because it is not contractually embedded in the assets and is not transferable if the assets are sold. Management estimated the fair value of the FDIC loss sharing receivable using the present value of cash flows related to the loss share agreements based on the expected reimbursements for losses and the applicable loss share percentages. Management reviews and updates the fair value of the FDIC receivable prospectively as loss estimates related to covered loans and other real estate owned change. The ultimate realization of the FDIC loss sharing receivable depends on the performance of the underlying covered assets, the passage of time, and claims paid by the FDIC. Changes in estimated cash flows of the covered assets likewise result in changes in the estimated cash flows to be received pursuant to the reimbursement agreement between the Bank and the FDIC. An increase in a cash flow estimate for a covered loan will result in a decrease in the indemnification asset, and a decrease in a cash flow estimate for a covered loan will result in an increase in the indemnification asset. Increases to the indemnification asset are recorded as a reduction to the provision for loan losses and decreases to the indemnification asset are recorded either as an increase to the provision for loan losses (to the extent an increase in the FDIC receivable balance was previously recorded as a reduction to the provision for loan losses) or recognized over the life of the loss share agreements.

Deferred Income Taxes. The Bancorp provides for deferred income taxes on the liability method whereby tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Accounting Changes

The Fair Value Option

The Bank elected the fair value option for mortgage warehouse lending transactions documented under a master repurchase agreement originated after July 1, 2012 in order to more accurately represent the short-term nature of the transaction and its inherent credit risk. The Bank also elected the fair value option for mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell effective October 1, 2013. These adoptions are in accordance with the parameters established by ASC 825-10-25, Financial Instruments-Overall-Recognition: The Fair Value Option. The interest income from the warehouse lending transactions and mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell are classified in “Interest Income – Loans held for sale” on the income statement. The unrealized fair value changes related to these loans are classified in “Mortgage loan and banking income” on the consolidated statements of income. An allowance for loan losses is not recorded for loans measured at fair value under ASC 825 as the exit price (the repurchase price or sales price) used as the fair value measurement considers estimated credit losses.

Change in Accounting Estimates

Estimates of cash flows from purchased-credit-impaired loans were revised during the third quarter of 2012 due to a conversion to a more sophisticated and precise loan valuation system. In accordance with the guidance in ASC 310-30, interest income is based on an acquired loan’s expected cash flows. Complex models are needed to calculate loan-level and/or pool level expected cash flows in accordance with ASC 310-30. The loan data analysis provided by the loan valuation system was determined to be a more precise quantification of future cash flows than the analysis that was previously calculated manually. Upon conversion to the new software, acquisition date loan values were loaded into the system, and the software calculated their fair values using a complex valuation model. Conversion to the new system was completed in September 2012. To adjust the acquisition date loan balances recorded on Customers Bank’s books to the amounts calculated by the new software, approximately $4.5 million was recognized as a reduction to the provision for loan losses in the third quarter of 2012. The revised valuation for the purchased-credit-impaired acquisition date loan balances due to the conversion to the new software was accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate.

When converting to the new software system, the Bank was required to calculate the estimated cash flows from the various acquisition dates of the purchased-credit-impaired loans through the date the software was implemented as it was impracticable to perform these calculations on a monthly or quarterly basis. In the third quarter of 2012, approximately $4.5 million was recognized in interest income related to this change. The impact of the revised valuation of cash flows for the purchased-credit-impaired loan activity due to the conversion to the new software was accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate.

Also during the third quarter of 2012, the Bank re-estimated the cash flows for the purchased-credit-impaired loans using current data. The re-estimated expected cash flows decreased from prior estimated cash flows. Consistent with ASC 310-10’s fundamental premise that a decrease in expected cash flows results in accrual of a loss contingency and should not result in a

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change in yield, the Bank evaluated the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses for purchased-credit-impaired loans and determined that an additional provision for loan losses of $7.5 million was appropriate. As a result of the changes in estimates, net income for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $900,000, net of tax, and basic and diluted earnings increased by $0.06 per share, as adjusted for 2014 stock dividend.

Overview

Like most financial institutions, the Bancorp derives the majority of its income from interest it receives on its interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments. The Bancorp’s primary source of funds for making these loans and investments is its deposits, on which it pays interest. Consequently, one of the key measures of the Bancorp’s success is its amount of net interest income, or the difference between the income on its interest-earning assets and the expense on its interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Another key measure is the spread between the yield earned on these interest-earning assets and the rate paid on these interest-bearing liabilities, which is referred to as net interest spread.

There is credit risk inherent in all loans, so Customers Bancorp maintains an allowance for loan losses to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. The Bancorp maintains this allowance by charging a provision for loan losses against its operating earnings. Customers Bancorp has included a detailed discussion of this process, as well as several tables describing its allowance for loan losses.

2015 Economic Outlook

U.S. real GDP is forecasted to grow 2.5% to 3.0% in each of the next two years, marking the strongest two-year period since the middle of the 2001-2007 economic expansion. Growth in the U.S. is expected to be broad-based with much of the improvement coming from a stronger labor market. It is expected that employers will continue to add an average of 210,000 employees per month and that the unemployment rate will remain below 6.0% in 2015. At the same time, inflation is expected to drift closer to the Fed’s explicit target of 2.0%.

Consumer Spending is expected to benefit the most from a stronger labor market. Consumption will be supported by better household balance sheets, stronger income growth and lower gasoline prices. GDP should also be boosted by larger fixed investments by business. In recent quarters, businesses have begun to shift away from share buybacks, dividends and mergers and acquisitions and replaced those outlays with fixed investments. A potential risk to business fixed investments is the recent decline in oil prices. A sustained decline in the price of oil could have a material impact to business outlays. Slower economic growth for many of America’s trading partners and a strong dollar mean that trade will likely detract from U.S. real GDP for a second straight year.

Against this favorable backdrop, it is expected that the Federal Reserve will begin raising its short-term rate around the middle of 2015. Some economists believe that the upper end of the Fed Funds Target Rate will be at 1.0% by the end of 2015 and 2.75% by the end of 2016.

While the outlook in the U.S. remains optimistic, fears of a slowdown in the rest of the world could have a negative impact on the U.S. economy. While the rest of the world continues to take steps to increase growth, the U.S. continues to churn along in a positive direction. In the Bancorp’s market area, management sees continued moderate (2.00% to 3.00%) growth in 2015, the housing market continuing to improve and unemployment remaining at current levels or slightly improving during the year. Management is seeing improvement in loan demand in the Bancorp’s commercial and industrial, multi-family and commercial real estate loan portfolios and expects to increase lending in the coming year. There continues to be some uncertainty in the political and external environments in 2015, and it is likely that these challenging conditions will continue over the next few years. Overall, the Bancorp’s management is optimistic that 2015 will show a continuation of the improving economic environment experienced in 2014.

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Results of Operations

The following discussion of Customers Bancorp’s consolidated results of operations should be read in conjunction with its consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes. Also see “CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES” and “NOTE 3 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION” for information concerning certain significant accounting policies and estimates applied in determining reported results of operations.

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

Net income available to common shareholders increased $10.5 million (32.2%) to $43.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to $32.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increased net income resulted from increases in net interest income of $48.1 million and non-interest income of $2.4 million, partly offset by increases in provision for loan losses of $12.5 million, non-interest expense of $24.9 million, and tax expense of $2.6 million.

Net interest income increased $48.1 million (46.3%) during 2014 to $151.9 million, compared to $103.9 million during 2013 principally due to an increase in the average balance of interest earnings assets of $2.0 billion (from $3.3 billion in 2013 to $5.3 billion in 2014), offset in part by a decline in the net interest margin (tax equivalent) of 27 basis points (from 3.14% in 2013 to 2.87% in 2014). The growth in average interest earning assets was principally driven by increases in multi-family and other commercial loan products. The decrease in net interest margin results from a combination of changed market conditions, including decreased market interest rates and increased competition on loans, and product mix, as secured multi-family loans yield less than other commercial products and was our primary growth area.

Provision for loan losses increased $12.5 million during 2014 to $14.7 million, compared to $2.2 million during 2013. The increase in the provision for loan losses during 2014 was primarily attributable to significant organic loan growth in the held-for-investment loan portfolio, resulting in approximately $10.1 million of provision expense during 2014, and a reduced benefit expected to be collected from the FDIC as collections on covered loans improved and the loss sharing arrangements for the non-single family loans approach their contractual maturity, resulting in approximately $4.6 million of provision expense during 2014.

Non-interest income increased $2.4 million during 2014 to $25.1 million compared to $22.7 million during 2013. The increase in 2014 was attributed to the $2.3 million increase in gains on sales of loans as the Bank began selling excess multi-family loan originations, $1.9 million increase in gains on sales of investment securities as the Bank shortened the duration of its investment portfolio, a $1.2 million increase in bank owned life insurance income as the number of insured employees increased, and a $0.9 million increase in mortgage loan and banking income as the Bank continues to develop that business, offset primarily by a decrease in the mortgage warehouse transactional fees of $4.7 million.

Non-interest expense increased $24.9 million during 2014 to $98.9 million compared to $74.0 million during 2013. Expenses increased in 2014 principally for salaries and employee benefits as staffing levels grew to support the growing business (up $10.9 million), assessments for FDIC insurance and Pennsylvania shares tax increased as the Bank grew (up $6.2 million), professional services related to loan workout, litigation and other general regulatory matters (up $2.2 million), occupancy expense (up $2.2 million) as our need for space grew, other real estate owned resolution expenses as we work through problem properties (up $2.2 million), and technology, communications and bank operations expense (up $1.5 million) as a result of our growth. The increase was offset in by a provision for loss contingency recorded in 2013 of $2.0 million.

Income tax expense increased $2.6 million during 2014 to $20.2 million compared to $17.6 million during 2013. The increased income tax expense was driven primarily from increased taxable income in 2014 (up $13.1 million to $63.4 million), offset in part by a $1.5 million benefit that resulted from a return to provision and deferred tax analysis performed in third quarter 2014.

For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

Net income available to common shareholders increased $8.9 million (37.3%) to $32.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increased net income resulted from a $31.8 million increase in net interest income and a $12.0 million decrease in the provision for loan losses, offset by decreases in non-interest income of $6.3 million, an increase in non-interest expense of $23.4 million and a $5.3 million increase in income tax expense.

The increased net interest income of $31.8 million (44.1%) for the year ended December 31, 2013 to $103.9 million compared to $72.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 resulted principally from an increase in average loan balances (loans held for sale and loans receivable) of $974.0 million to $2.8 billion, offset in part by a 39 basis point decrease in average yields

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on loans to 4.26% net with a 22 basis point decrease in the cost of funding. The growth in average loans was principally in loans to mortgage bankers to fund warehouse lines and multi-family and other commercial real estate loans. The decrease in yield results from a combination of changed market conditions, including increased competition for loans, and product mix, as secured multi-family loans yield less than other commercial products and was our primary growth area.

During 2013, the provision for loan losses was $2.2 million, a decrease of $12.0 million from a provision of $14.3 million during 2012. The decrease in the provision for loan losses in 2013 resulted primarily from (i) $7.5 million increase in the provision recorded in 2012 due to the re-estimation of cash flows related to purchased-credit-impaired loans, (ii) $2.6 million reduction in the provision during 2013 due to better sustained performance of the Bancorp’s commercial (including multi-family) and residential mortgage loan portfolios, (iii) $0.3 million net reduction in the provision, including the effect of a write-down of the FDIC receivable balance in 2013 upon final payoff of covered loans which previously had a specific allowance, and (iv) approximately $1.6 million net reduction in the provision due to generally decreased delinquencies and improved asset quality and market conditions partially offset by an increase in the provision for asset growth during 2013.

Non-interest income declined $6.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 to $22.7 million compared to $29.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease in 2013 is attributed to the $7.7 million decrease in gains on sales of investment securities, offset in part by the launching of the mortgage banking business (generating $1.1 million of income) and increased investment in bank-owned life insurance (generating an increase in income of $1.1 million).

Non-interest expense increased $23.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2013 to $74.0 million compared to $50.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2012. Expenses increased in 2013 compared to 2012 principally for salaries and employee benefits as staffing levels grew to support the growing business (up $11.6 million), assessment for FDIC insurance and other regulatory fees as the bank grew and other costs were incurred ($2.5 million), professional services for loan workout, litigation, and development of materials to respond to regulatory inquiries increased reflecting growth and more complex issues ($2.1 million), occupancy as the business expansion into new markets and increased activity in existing markets required additional facilities ($2.0 million), and a provision for loss contingency as a result of a fraud perpetrated on a loan to fund a residential mortgage warehouse line of credit ($2.0 million).

Income tax expense increased $5.3 million in 2013 to $17.6 million compared to $12.3 million in 2012. The increased income tax expense was driven primarily from the increase in taxable income in 2013 compared to 2012 (up $14.2 million to $50.3 million) and a 1.0% increase in the effective tax rate to 35.0% from 34.0% due to an increase in pre-tax book income.

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NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income (the difference between the interest earned on loans, investments and interest-earning deposits with banks, and interest paid on deposits, borrowed funds and subordinated debt) is the primary source of Customers Bancorp’s earnings. The following table summarizes the Bancorp’s net interest income and related spread and margin for the periods indicated.



	For the Year ended December 31,
	2014						2013						2012
	Average balance		Interest income or expense		Average yield or cost		Average balance		Interest income or expense		Average yield or cost		Average balance		Interest income or expense		Average yield or cost
(amounts in thousands)
Assets
Interest-earning deposits	$	228,668	$	577	0.25	%	$	190,298	$	482	0.25	%	$	138,475	$	352	0.25	%
Investment securities, taxable (A)	451,932		10,386		2.30		260,862		6,314		2.42		224,075		6,663		2.97
Investment securities, non-taxable (A)	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,642		68		4.16
Loans held for sale	911,594		30,801		3.38		992,421		38,140		3.84		423,886		15,950		3.76
Loans receivable	3,656,891		146,388		4.00		1,842,310		82,580		4.48		1,436,805		70,510		4.91
Other interest earning assets	66,669		2,275		3.41		27,095		640		2.36		21,140		271		1.28
Total interest-earning assets	5,315,754		190,427		3.58		3,312,986		128,156		3.87		2,246,023		93,814		4.18
Non-interest-earning assets	227,045						142,350						79,280
Total assets	$	5,542,799					$	3,455,336					$	2,325,303
Liabilities
Interest checking	$	62,840	361		0.57		$	45,613	191		0.42		36,701		193		0.52
Money market deposit accounts	1,712,896		10,391		0.61		1,106,457		7,619		0.69		853,658		7,404		0.87
Other savings	40,795		172		0.42		31,741		152		0.48		22,947		133		0.58
Certificates of deposit	1,403,774		13,530		0.96		1,251,709		13,058		1.04		935,208		13,346		1.43
Total interest-bearing deposits	3,220,305		24,454		0.76		2,435,520		21,020		0.86		1,848,514		21,076		1.14
Borrowings	1,268,205		14,050		1.11		278,297		3,281		1.18		100,484		685		0.68
Total interest-bearing liabilities	4,488,510		38,504		0.86		2,713,817		24,301		0.90		1,948,998		21,761		1.12
Non-interest-bearing deposits	620,385						385,187						180,722
Total deposits and borrowings	5,108,895				0.75		3,099,004				0.78		2,129,720				1.02
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities	17,905						11,779						7,948
Total liabilities	5,126,800						3,110,783						2,137,668
Shareholders’ Equity	415,999						344,553						187,635
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	5,542,799					$	3,455,336					$	2,325,303
Net interest earnings			151,923						103,855						72,053
Tax-equivalent adjustment (C)			405						244						131
Net interest earnings			$	152,328					$	104,099					$	72,184
Interest spread					2.83	%					3.09	%					3.16	%
Net interest margin (D)					2.86						3.13						3.21
Net interest margin tax equivalent (C)(D)					2.87						3.14						3.21


(A)	For presentation in this table, balances and the corresponding average rates for investment securities are based upon historical cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.


(B)	Includes non-accrual loans, the effect of which is to reduce the yield earned on loans, and deferred loan fees.


(C)	Full tax equivalent basis, using a 35% statutory tax rate to approximate interest income as a taxable asset.


(D)	Excluding the adjustment to interest income for the change in accounting estimate on purchased-credit-impaired loans of $4.5 million, net interest margin and net interest margin tax equivalent are 3.05% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012.


(E)	Certain amounts reported in the 2013 and 2012 financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2014 presentation. These reclassifications did not significantly impact the Bancorp’s financial position or results of operations.

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The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for the major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Information is provided for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities with respect to (i) changes attributable to volume (i.e., changes in average balances multiplied by the prior-period average rate) and (ii) changes attributable to rate (i.e., changes in average rate multiplied by prior-period average balances). For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.



	2014 vs. 2013									2013 vs. 2012
	Increase (decrease) due to change in									Increase (decrease) due to change in
	Rate			Volume			Total			Rate			Volume			Total
(amounts in thousands)
Interest income:
Interest earning deposits	$	(2	)	$	97		$	95		$	(2	)	$	131		$	129
Investment securities, taxable	(335		)	4,407			4,072			(1,347		)	998			(349		)
Investment securities, non-taxable	—			—			—			(34		)	(34		)	(68		)
Loans held for sale	(4,384		)	(2,955		)	(7,339		)	348			21,843			22,191
Loans receivable	(9,683		)	73,491			63,808			(6,511		)	18,581			12,070
Other interest earning assets	382			1,253			1,635			277			92			369
Total interest income	(14,022		)	76,293			62,271			(7,269		)	41,611			34,342
Interest expense:
Interest checking	84			86			170			(43		)	42			(1		)
Money market deposit accounts	(996		)	3,768			2,772			(1,710		)	1,926			216
Savings	(20		)	40			20			(26		)	45			19
Certificates of deposit	(1,040		)	1,512			472			(4,130		)	3,840			(290		)
Total interest bearing deposits	(1,972		)	5,406			3,434			(5,909		)	5,853			(56		)
Borrowings	(210		)	10,979			10,769			757			1,839			2,596
Total interest expense	(2,182		)	16,385			14,203			(5,152		)	7,692			2,540
Net interest income	$	(11,840	)	$	59,908		$	48,068		$	(2,117	)	$	33,919		$	31,802

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $151.9 million, an increase of $48.1 million, or 46.3%, when compared to net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2013 of $103.9 million. This increase in net interest income was primarily attributable to an increase of $1.8 billion in average loans receivable, principally in multi-family and other commercial loans.

The key measure of net interest income is net interest margin. While the Bancorp’s net interest margin decreased to 2.87% for the year ended December 31, 2014 from 3.14% for the year ended December 31, 2013, the impact on net interest income was secondary to the significant increases in loan volume.

For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $103.9 million, an increase of $31.8 million, or 44.1%, when compared to net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2012 of $72.1 million. This increase in net interest income was primarily attributable to an increase of $568.5 million in average loans held for sale, principally loans to mortgage bankers to fund inventory, and an increase of $405.5 million in average loans held receivable, driven by increased average balances in commercial and multi-family loans.

The key measure of net interest income is net interest margin. While the Bancorp’s net interest margin decreased to 3.13% for the year ended December 31, 2013 from 3.21% for the year ended December 31, 2012, the impact on net interest income was secondary to the significant increases in loan volume.

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PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES

For more information about our provision and allowance for loan losses methodology and our loss experience, see “Credit Risk” and “Asset Quality” herein and “NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION.”

Customers Bancorp maintains its allowance for loan losses through a provision for loan losses charged as an expense on the consolidated statements of income. The loan portfolio is reviewed quarterly to evaluate the outstanding loans and to measure both the performance of the portfolio and the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses is estimated as of the end of each quarter and compared to the balance recorded in the general ledger net of charge-offs and recoveries. The allowance is adjusted to the estimated allowance for loan losses balance via a charge (or debit) to the provision for loan losses.

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

At December 31, 2014, approximately 0.7 % of the total loan portfolio was covered under loss sharing agreements with the FDIC. Reductions in estimated cash flows on the covered loans are taken as additional provisions, and a corresponding receivable due from the FDIC is recorded as a reduction to the provision for loan losses for the portion anticipated to be recovered under the loss sharing agreements.

During 2014, the provision for loan losses was $14.7 million, an increase of $12.5 million from a provision of $2.2 million during 2013. The increase in the provision for loan losses during 2014 was primarily attributable to significant organic loan growth in the held-for-investment loan portfolio, resulting in approximately $10.1 million of provision expense during 2014, and a reduced benefit expected to be collected from the FDIC as collections on covered loans improved and the loss sharing arrangements for the non-single family loans approach their contractual maturity, resulting in approximately $4.7 million of provision expense during 2014.

For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

At December 31, 2013, approximately 2.1% of the total loan portfolio was covered under loss sharing agreements with the FDIC. Reductions in estimated cash flows on the covered loans are taken as additional provisions, and a corresponding receivable due from the FDIC is recorded as a reduction to the provision for loan losses for the portion anticipated to be recovered under the loss sharing agreements.

During 2013, the provision for loan losses was $2.2 million, a decrease of $12.0 million from a provision of $14.3 million during 2012. The decrease in the provision for loan losses in 2013 resulted primarily from (i) $7.5 million increase in the provision recorded in 2012 due to the re-estimation of cash flows related to purchased-credit-impaired loans, (ii) $2.6 million reduction in the provision during 2013 due to better sustained performance of the Bancorp’s commercial (including multi-family) and residential mortgage loan portfolios, (iii) $0.3 million net reduction in the provision, including the effect of a write-down of the FDIC receivable balance, in 2013 upon final payoff of covered loans which previously had a specific allowance, and (iv) approximately $1.6 million net reduction in the provision due to generally decreased delinquencies and improved asset quality and market conditions, partially offset by an increase in the provision for asset growth during 2013.

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NON-INTEREST INCOME

The chart below shows the various components of non-interest income for each of the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Mortgage warehouse transactional fees	$	8,233	$	12,962	$	12,289
Bank-owned life insurance	3,702		2,482		1,332
Gains on sales of investment securities	3,191		1,274		9,017
Gains on sales of loans	3,125		852		357
Mortgage loan and banking income	2,048		1,142		—
Deposit fees	801		675		481
Other	4,026		3,316		5,482
Total non-interest income	$	25,126	$	22,703	$	28,958

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

Non-interest income increased $2.4 million during 2014 to $25.1 million compared to $22.7 million during 2013. The increase in 2014 was attributed to the $2.3 million increase in gains on sales of loans as the Bank began selling excess multi-family loan originations, $1.9 million increase in gains on sales of investment securities as the Bank shortened the duration of the investment portfolio, a $1.2 million increase in bank owned life insurance income as the number of insured employees increased, and a $0.9 million increase in mortgage loan and banking income as Customers continues to develop that business, offset primarily by a decrease in the mortgage warehouse transactional fees of $4.7 million.

For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

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NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

The below chart shows the various components of non-interest expense for each of the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.



	Years Ended December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	46,427	$	35,493	$	23,846
FDIC assessments, taxes, and regulatory fees	11,812		5,568		3,037
Occupancy	11,010		8,829		6,816
Professional services	7,748		5,548		3,468
Technology, communication and bank operations	5,856		4,330		2,805
Other real estate owned	3,601		1,365		(85		)
Loan workout	1,706		2,245		2,243
Advertising and promotion	1,325		1,274		1,219
Loss contingency	—		2,000		—
Stock offering expenses	—		—		1,437
Other	9,429		7,372		5,865
Total non-interest expenses	$	98,914	$	74,024	$	50,651

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

Non-interest expense was $98.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, which was an increase of $24.9 million over non-interest expense of $74.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Salaries and employee benefits, which represent the largest component of non-interest expense, increased $10.9 million (30.8%) to $46.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $35.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The primary reason for this increase was due to the increase in the number of employees from 383 full-time equivalents at December 31, 2013 to 422 full-time equivalents at December 31, 2014 and a full year of expense for the growth of employees in 2013 as we increased the number of team members to support our growing commercial loan, multi-family/commercial real estate, and mortgage banking businesses and the related administrative support functions.

FDIC assessments, taxes and regulatory fees increased by $6.2 million to $11.8 million for the year-ended December 31, 2014 from $5.6 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013 due to increased assets subject to the FDIC assessment, higher regulatory fees and higher Pennsylvania bank shares tax expense as a result of the growth of the Bank.

Occupancy expense increased $2.2 million, rising to $11.0 million for the year-ended December 31, 2014 from $8.8 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013 as a result of a full year of facilities expense from expansion into new markets during 2013.

Professional services expense increased $2.2 million, to $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $5.5 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013 due to higher legal and consulting expenses in 2014 related to regulatory filings and other regulatory and legal matters as well as general growth of the Bank.

Technology communication and bank operations increased $1.5 million, rising to $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 from $4.3 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013 related to the increased number of employees and increased technology improvements to meet the needs of a larger Bank.

Larger expenses classified in other expense include loan origination expenses, supplies, director fees, shareholder relations, sponsorships, and business development expenses. Generally these expenses increased as a direct result of the growth of the Bank.

For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

Non-interest expense was $74.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, which was an increase of $23.4 million over non-interest expense of $50.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.

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Salaries and employee benefits, which represent the largest component of non-interest expense, increased $11.6 million (48.8%) to $35.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $23.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The primary reason for this increase was due to the increase in the number of employees from 242 full-time equivalents at December 31, 2012 to 383 full-time equivalents at December 31, 2013. This was directly related to the need for additional employees to support our organic growth and the expansion into new markets. Specifically, the increased headcount is needed to support our growing commercial loan, multi-family/commercial real estate, and mortgage banking businesses and the related administrative support.

Occupancy expense increased $2.0 million, rising to $8.8 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013 from $6.8 million for the year-ended December 31, 2012. The increase was related to building the infrastructure to support our growth as well as the cost of expansion into new markets.

FDIC assessments, taxes and regulatory fees increased $2.5 million to $5.6 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013 from $3.0 million for the year-ended December 31, 2012. The primary reasons for this increase were related to higher Pennsylvania bank shares tax expense that resulted from legislative changes to the tax calculation, deposit premiums and other regulatory and filing fees.

Professional services expense increased $2.1 million, to $5.5 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013 from $3.5 million for the year-ended December 31, 2012. This increase was primarily attributable to higher legal and consulting expenses in 2013 related to regulatory filings and other matters, including responding to alleged Fair Lending violations.

Technology communication and bank operations increased $1.5 million, rising to $4.3 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013 from $2.8 million for the year-ended December 31, 2012. The primary reason for this increase was related to building the infrastructure to support the growth through increased technology improvements and upgrades as well as the costs related to expanding of technological platforms into new markets. This corresponds with our philosophy of “high touch, high tech”, whereby we provide an exceptional level of customer service supported by state-of-the-art technology.

In March 2013, a suspected fraud was discovered in the Bank’s loans held-for-sale portfolio. Total loans involved in this fraud initially appeared to be $5.2 million. The Bank determined that an aggregate of $1.0 million of the loans were not involved in the fraud, and these loans were subsequently sold during 2013. In addition, the Bank recovered $1.5 million in cash from the alleged perpetrator in 2013. During 2013, a loss contingency expense of $2.0 million was provided, resulting in a net amount of $0.7 million classified in other assets as of December 31, 2013.

Other expenses increased $1.2 million to $7.0 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013, compared to $5.8 million for the year-ended December 31, 2012. The increase was primarily attributed to the $1.2 million increase in loan origination and servicing fees to $2.1 million for the year-ended December 31, 2013, compared to $0.9 million for the year-ended December 31, 2012.

INCOME TAXES

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

The income tax expense and effective tax rate include both federal and state income taxes. In 2014, income tax expense was $20.2 million with an effective tax rate of 31.83%, compared to an expense of $17.6 million and a rate of 35.00% for 2013. Income tax expense was driven primarily by net income before taxes of $63.4 million and $50.3 million, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013, respectively. In 2014, income tax expense was offset by a tax benefit from bank-owned life insurance of $1,269,000, or a 2.04% tax rate reduction. In 2013, income tax expense was offset by a tax benefit from bank-owned life insurance of $869,000, or a 1.73% rate reduction. In addition to the bank-owned life insurance benefit, 2014 was affected by other tax benefits of $1,821,000, or a 2.88% tax rate deduction which included a $1,526,000 benefit from a return to provision and deferred tax analysis performed in the third quarter of 2014.

For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

The income tax expense and effective tax rate include both federal and state income taxes. In 2013, income tax expense was $17.6 million with an effective tax rate of 35.00%, compared to an expense of $12.3 million and a rate of 34.00% for 2012. Income tax expense was driven primarily by net income before taxes of $50.3 million and $36.1 million, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively. In 2013, income tax expense was offset by a tax benefit from bank-owned life insurance of $869,000, or a 1.73% tax rate reduction. In 2012, income tax expense was offset by a tax benefit from bank owned life insurance of $466,000, or a 1.29% tax rate reduction.

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For additional information regarding the Bancorp’s income taxes, refer to “NOTE 15 – INCOME TAXES”.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

GENERAL

Total assets were $6.8 billion at December 31, 2014. This represented a $2.6 billion, or 64.3% increase from $4.2 billion at December 31, 2013. The major change in our financial position occurred as the result of the growth in loans receivable, which increased by 74.9% or $1.8 billion to $4.3 billion at December 31, 2014, from $2.5 billion at December 31, 2013.

The main driver of the increase in assets was primarily from the expansion of the commercial loan portfolio. Multi-family loans increased by $1.1 billion (100.0%) to $2.2 billion at December 31, 2014 from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2013 not including $99.8 million of multi-family loans held for sale at December 31, 2014. Commercial real estate loans increased by $396.1 million (52.5%) to $1.1 billion from $753.6 million at December 31, 2013. Additionally, commercial and industrial loans increased by $246.1 million (83.0%) to $542.7 million at December 31, 2014 from $296.6 million at December 31, 2013. Loans held for sale increased by $687.9 million (92.0%) to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2014 from $747.6 million at December 31, 2013.

Total liabilities were $6.4 billion at December 31, 2014. This represented a $2.6 billion, or 69.4%, increase from $3.8 billion at December 31, 2013. The increase in total liabilities was due to a higher level of deposits in 2014, compared to 2013. Total deposits grew by $1.6 billion (53.1%), to $4.5 billion at December 31, 2014 from $3.0 billion at December 31, 2013. Deposits are obtained primarily from within the Bank’s geographic service area and through wholesale and broker networks. These wholesale and network sources provide low-cost funding alternatives to retail deposits and diversify to the Bank’s sources of funds. The growth in retail deposits was primarily due to exceptional sales execution, despite lower interest rates in 2014. Additional funding for asset growth was obtained through FHLB advances which increased by $911.5 million to $1.6 billion at December 31, 2014 from $706.5 million at December 31, 2013.

The following table sets forth certain key condensed balance sheet data:



	December 31,
	2014		2013
(amounts in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	371,023	$	233,068
Investment securities, available for sale	416,685		497,573
Loans held for sale (includes $1,335,668 and $747,593, respectively at fair value)	1,435,459		747,593
Loans receivable	4,312,173		2,465,078
Total loans receivable, net of the allowance for loan losses	4,281,241		2,441,080
Total assets	6,825,370		4,153,173
Total deposits	4,532,538		2,959,922
Federal funds purchased	—		13,000
FHLB advances	1,618,000		706,500
Other borrowings	88,250		63,250
Subordinated debt	110,000		2,000
Total liabilities	6,382,225		3,766,550
Total shareholders’ equity	443,145		386,623
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	6,825,370		4,153,173

CASH AND DUE FROM BANKS

Cash and due from banks consists mainly of vault cash and cash items in the process of collection. These balances totaled $62.7 million at December 31, 2014. This represents a $2.0 million increase from $60.7 million at December 31, 2013. These balances vary from day to day, primarily due to variations in customers’ deposits with the Bank.

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INTEREST-EARNING DEPOSITS

Interest earning deposits consist mainly of deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. These deposits totaled $308.3 million at December 31, 2014, which is a $135.9 million increase from $172.4 million at December 31, 2013. This balance varies from day to day, depending on several factors, such as variations in customers’ deposits with the Bank and the payment of checks drawn on customers’ accounts.

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The investment securities portfolio is an important source of interest income and liquidity. It consists of U.S. Treasury, government agency and mortgage-backed securities (guaranteed by an agency of the United States government and non-agency guaranteed), municipal securities, domestic corporate debt, asset-backed securities, and marketable equity securities. In addition to generating revenue, the investment portfolio is maintained to manage interest rate risk, provide liquidity, provide collateral for other borrowings and diversify the credit risk of earning assets. The portfolio is structured to maximize net interest income, given changes in the economic environment, liquidity position and balance sheet mix.

At December 31, 2014, investment securities were $416.7 million compared to $497.6 million at December 31, 2013. The decrease was primarily the result of the sale of securities to strategically reduce interest rate risk by shortening the duration of the investment securities' term.

Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in other comprehensive income and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity, net of the related tax effect.

The following table sets forth the amortized cost of the investment securities at the last three fiscal year ends:



	December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
(amounts in thousands)
Available for Sale:
Mortgage-backed securities (1)	$	376,854	$	461,988	$	102,449
Corporate notes (2)	15,000		25,000		25,000
Equity securities (3)	23,074		23,074		6
	$	414,928	$	510,062	$	127,455


(1)	Comprised primarily of mortgage-backed securities issued by government-sponsored agencies, including FHLMC, FNMA, and GNMA.


(2)	Includes subordinated debt issued by other bank holding companies.


(3)	Comprised primarily of equity securities in a foreign entity.

For financial reporting purposes, available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value.

The following table sets forth information about the maturities and weighted-average yield of the securities portfolio. Yields are not reported on a tax-equivalent basis.

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	December 31, 2014
	Amortized Cost																		Fair Value
	< 1yr			1 -5 years			5 -10 years			After 10 years			No Specific Maturity			Total			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Available for Sale
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	376,854		$	376,854		$	377,311
Yield	—			—			—			—			2.29		%	2.29		%	—
Corporate notes	—			—			15,000			—			—			15,000			15,104
Yield	—			—			5.58		%	—			—			5.58		%	—
Equity securities	—			—			—			—			23,074			23,074			24,270
Yield	—			—			—			—			—		%	—		%	—
Total	$	—		$	—		$	15,000		$	—		$	399,928		$	414,928		$	416,685
Weighted Average Yield	—		%	—		%	5.58		%	—		%	2.29		%	2.28		%

The mortgage-backed securities in the portfolio were issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae and contain guarantees for the collection of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages. The corporate notes in the portfolio are high-quality investments in financial service industry companies

LOANS

Existing lending relationships are primarily with small businesses and individual consumers primarily in Bucks, Berks, Chester, Montgomery, Delaware, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania; Camden and Mercer Counties, New Jersey; and Westchester County and New York City, New York; and the New England area. The loans to mortgage banking companies portfolio is nation-wide. The loan portfolio is primarily comprised of loans to support mortgage banking companies’ funding needs, multi-family/commercial real estate, construction, and commercial and industrial loans. The Bank continues to focus on small business loans to grow its commercial lending efforts, establish a specialty lending business, and expand its consumer lending products, as outlined below:

Commercial Lending

The Bank’s commercial lending is divided into four groups: Business Banking, Small Business Banking, Multi-family, and Commercial real estate. This grouping is designed to allow for greater resource deployment, higher standards of risk management, strong asset quality, lower interest rate risk and higher productivity levels.

The commercial lending group focuses on companies with annual revenues ranging from $5 million to $50 million, which typically have credit requirements between $0.5 million and $10 million.

The small business banking platform originates loans, including Small Business Administration loans, through the branch network sales force and a team of dedicated Small Business relationship managers. The support administration of this platform is centralized including risk management, product management, marketing, performance tracking and overall strategy. Credit and sales training has been established for the Bank’s sales force, ensuring that it has small business experts in place providing appropriate financial solutions to the small business owners in its communities. A division approach focuses on industries that offer high asset quality and are deposit rich to drive profitability.

In 2009, the Bank launched its lending to mortgage banking businesses products, which primarily provides financing to mortgage bankers for residential mortgage originations from loan closing until sale in the secondary market. Many providers of liquidity in this segment exited the business in 2009 during a period of excessive market turmoil. The Bank saw an opportunity to provide liquidity to this business segment at attractive spreads. There was also the opportunity to attract escrow deposits and to generate fee income in this business.

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The goal of the lending to mortgage banking businesses lending group is to provide liquidity to mortgage companies. These loans are primarily used by mortgage companies to fund their pipelines from closing of individual mortgage loans until their sale into the secondary market. The residential loans are taken as collateral for the Bank’s loans. As of December 31, 2014, loans in the warehouse lending portfolio totaled $1.3 billion and are designated as held for sale.

The goal of the Bank’s multi-family lending product is to build a portfolio of high-quality multi-family loans within the Bank’s covered markets, while cross selling other products and services. This product primarily targets refinancing existing loans with other banks using conservative underwriting and provides purchase money for new acquisitions by borrowers. The primary collateral for these loans is a first lien mortgage on the multi-family property, plus an assignment of all leases related to such property. As of December 31, 2014, the Bank had multi-family loans of $2.2 billion outstanding, making up approximately 38.8% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, compared to $1.1 billion, or approximately 33.1% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2013.

As of December 31, 2014, the Bank had $5.3 billion in commercial loans outstanding, composing approximately 92.5% of its total loan portfolio, which includes loans held for sale, compared to $2.9 billion, composing approximately 90.2% at December 31, 2013.

Consumer Lending

The Bank provides home equity and residential mortgage loans to customers. Underwriting standards for home equity lending are conservative and lending is offered to solidify customer relationships and grow relationship revenues in the long term. This lending is important in the Bank’s efforts to grow total relationship revenues for its consumer households. As of December 31, 2014, the Bank had $432.2 million in consumer loans outstanding, or 7.5% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, which includes loans held for sale. The Bank plans to expand its product offerings in real estate secured consumer lending.

Customers Bank has launched a community outreach program in Philadelphia to finance homeownership in urban communities. As part of this program, the Bank is offering an “Affordable Mortgage Product”. This community outreach program is penetrating the underserved population, especially in low-and moderate income neighborhoods. As part of this commitment, a loan production office was opened in Progress Plaza, 1501 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA. The program includes homebuyer seminars that prepare potential homebuyers for homeownership by teaching money management and budgeting skills, including the financial responsibilities that come with having a mortgage and owning a home. The “Affordable Mortgage Product” is offered throughout Customers Bank’s assessment areas.

The composition of loans held for sale was as follows:



	December 31,
	2014		2013		2012		2011		2010
	(in thousands)
Commercial Loans:
Mortgage warehouse loans at fair value (1)	$	1,332,019	$	740,694	$	1,439,889	$	174,999	$	199,970
Multi-family loans at lower of cost or fair value	99,791		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial Loans Held for Sale	1,431,810		740,694		1,439,889		174,999		199,970
Consumer Loans:
Residential mortgage loans at fair value	3,649		6,899		—		—		—
Loans held for sale	$	1,435,459	$	747,593	$	1,439,889	$	174,999	$	199,970

(1) Prior to 2012 the Bank had not elected the fair value option on Mortgage warehouse loans held for sale.

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During the fourth quarter of 2014, certain types of loans were reclassified due to their purpose and overall risk characteristics. Therefore, balances on certain loans and allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2013 were reclassified to conform to the December 31, 2014 presentation.

The composition of loans receivable (excluding loans held for sale) was as follows:



	December 31,
	2014			2013			2012			2011			2010
	(in thousands)
Commercial:
Multi-family	$	2,127,034		$	1,063,459		$	362,689		$	70,945		$	—
Commercial real estate	1,132,072			724,752			437,696			244,106			144,849
Commercial and industrial	540,430			292,937			114,615			109,986			35,942
Construction	56,669			31,314			25,709			10,732			13,387
Mortgage warehouse (b)	—			—			9,565			619,318			186,113
Total Commercial Loans	3,856,205			2,112,462			950,274			1,055,087			380,291

Consumer:
Residential real estate	285,003			145,188			110,008			53,646			28,964
Manufactured housing	126,731			139,471			153,429			104,565			102,924
Home equity / other	1,541			2,144			2,072			2,208			1,581
Total Consumer Loans	413,275			286,803			265,509			160,419			133,469
Total loan receivable not covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements	4,269,480			2,399,265			1,215,783			1,215,506			513,760
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	17,585			28,839			51,636			61,128			75,245
Commercial and industrial	2,235			3,658			11,718			13,798			22,876
Construction	6,705			11,603			19,845			24,873			38,280
Multi-family	372			600			647			—			—
Total Commercial Loans	26,897			44,700			83,846			99,799			136,401

Consumer:
Residential real estate	12,392			18,732			19,952			22,465			23,822
Home equity / other	2,892			3,293			3,729			4,012			4,662
Total Consumer Loans	15,284			22,025			23,681			26,477			28,484
Total loan receivable covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements (a)	42,181			66,725			107,527			126,276			164,885
	4,311,661			2,465,990			1,323,310			1,341,782			678,645
Unearned origination costs, net	512			(912		)	1,157			(389		)	327
Allowance for loan losses	(30,932		)	(23,998		)	(25,837		)	(15,032		)	(15,129		)
Loans receivable, net	$	4,281,241		$	2,441,080		$	1,298,630		$	1,326,361		$	663,843


(a)	Covered loans receivable acquired from the former USA Bank and ISN Bank are covered under the FDIC loss sharing agreements over a five to ten year period which begin to expire in 2015 depending upon the type of loan.

(b)

During the third quarter of 2012, the Bancorp elected the fair value option for certain warehouse lending transactions originated after July 1, 2012. The documentation on the loans was modified to a purchase with agreement to resell contract. As such, qualified warehouse lending transactions on its balance sheet at December 31, 2013 and 2012, were accounted for at fair value and classified as held for sale. Warehouse lending transactions on the Bancorp’s balance sheet at December 31, 2011 were classified as loans receivable not covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements.

Loans to mortgage bank businesses and certain residential loans expected to be sold are classified as loans held for sale. Loans held for sale totaled $1.4 billion and $747.6 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Loans held for sale are not included in the loan receivable amounts. The mortgage warehouse product line provides financing to mortgage companies nationwide from the time of the home purchase or refinancing of a mortgage loan through the sale of the loan by the mortgage

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originator into the secondary market, either through a repurchase facility or the purchase of the underlying mortgages. As a mortgage warehouse lender, we provide a form of financing to mortgage bankers by purchasing for resale the underlying residential mortgages on a short-term basis under a master repurchase agreement. We are subject to the risks associated with such lending, including, but not limited to, the risks of fraud, bankruptcy and default of the mortgage banker or of the underlying residential borrower, any of which could result in credit losses. The mortgage warehouse lending employees monitor these mortgage originators by obtaining financial and other relevant information to reduce these risks during the lending period.

Loans receivable, net, increased by $1.8 billion to $4.3 billion at December 31, 2014 from $2.4 billion at December 31, 2013. The increase in Loans receivable, net, was also attributable to higher balances for multi-family, commercial real estate, and commercial and industrial loans which increased $1.1 billion, $396.1 million, and $246.1 million, respectively from December 31, 2013. The multi-family, commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loan balance is increasing due to the focus on this element of the Bank's organic growth strategy. Offsetting these increases in part was the loan runoff for purchased-credit-impaired and covered loans.

The following table sets forth certain categories of loans receivable* as of December 31, 2014, in terms of contractual maturity date:



	Within one year		After one but within five years		After five years		Total
	(in thousands)
Types of Loans:
Construction	$	7,207	$	14,698	$	41,469	$	63,374
Commercial real estate	32,478		512,365		604,814		1,149,657
Multi-family	11		1,266,938		860,457		2,127,406
Commercial and industrial	131,424		230,178		181,063		542,665
Total	$	171,120	$	2,024,179	$	1,687,803	$	3,883,102
Amount of such loans with:
Predetermined rates	$	36,013	$	1,716,479	$	1,117,602	$	2,870,094
Floating or adjustable rates	135,107		307,700		570,201		1,013,008
Total	$	171,120	$	2,024,179	$	1,687,803	$	3,883,102

* Includes covered and non-covered loans.

CREDIT RISK

Customers Bancorp manages credit risk by maintaining diversification in its loan portfolio, by establishing and enforcing prudential underwriting standards, by collection efforts and by continuous and periodic loan classification reviews. Management also considers the effect of credit risk on financial performance by reviewing quarterly and maintaining an adequate allowance for loan losses. Credit losses are charged when they are identified, and provisions are added, to the allowance for loan losses when and as appropriate, but at least quarterly. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated at least quarterly.

The provision for loan losses was $14.7 million, $2.2 million, and $14.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The allowance for loan losses maintained for loans receivable (excludes loans held for sale as estimable credit losses are embedded in the fair values at which the loans are reported) was $30.9 million, or 0.7% of total non-covered loans, at December 31, 2014, and $24.0 million, or 1.0% of total non-covered loans, at December 31, 2013. The coverage ratio declined during 2014 largely due to the decrease in non-performing loans as a result of net-charge-offs on loans resolved or transferred to other real estate owned, and the growth of the multi-family loan portfolio which draws only a 40 bps reserve level due to its historical payment experience. Net charge-offs were $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a decrease of $3.8 million compared to the $6.9 million for the year ending December 31, 2013. The Bank had approximately $42.2 million in loans that were covered under loss share arrangements with the FDIC as of December 31, 2014 and $66.7 million as of December 31, 2013. Customers Bank considers the covered loans in estimating the allowance for loan losses and considers recovery of estimated credit losses from the FDIC in the FDIC indemnification asset.

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The chart below depicts the Bancorp’s allowance for loan losses, excluding the effects of the FDIC receivable, for the periods indicated.



	December 31,
	2014			2013			2012			2011			2010
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance of the allowance at the beginning of the year	$	23,998		$	25,837		$	15,032		$	15,129		$	10,032
Loan charge-offs (1)
Construction	895			2,096			2,507			1,179			1,214
Commercial real estate	2,197			3,358			2,462			5,775			964
Commercial and industrial	1,155			1,387			522			2,543			1,699
Residential real estate	667			410			649			109			1,366
Home equity / other	33			87			26			55			22
Total Charge-offs (2)	4,947			7,338			6,166			9,661			5,265
Loan recoveries
Construction	13			—			4			2			—
Commercial real estate	1,026			42			63			94			—
Commercial and industrial	511			391			514			11			6
Residential real estate	265			2			5			—			9
Home equity / other	8			9			114			7			—
Total Recoveries	1,823			444			700			114			15
Total net charge-offs	3,124			6,894			5,466			9,547			5,250
Provision for loan losses (3)	10,058			5,055			16,271			9,450			10,397
Transfer (4)	—			—			—			—			(50		)
Balance of the allowance for loan losses at the end of the year	$	30,932		$	23,998		$	25,837		$	15,032		$	15,129
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average non-covered loans	0.09		%	0.38		%	0.43		%	1.13		%	1.00		%


(1)	Charge-offs on purchased-credit-impaired loans that are pooled are not recognized until the pool matures.


(2)	The large charge-offs in 2011 were related to loans acquired in the 2010 FDIC assisted transactions and the Legacy portfolio.


(3)	The 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011provision amounts excludes the (cost)/benefit of the FDIC loss share arrangements of $(4.7) million, $2.8 million, $2.0 million, and $2.0 million respectively. There are no comparable amounts for 2010.


(4)	In 2010, Customers Bancorp had a reserve of $50,000 for unfunded commitments previously included in the allowance for loan losses. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments was reclassified to other liabilities.

The allowance for loan losses is based on a periodic evaluation of the loan portfolio and is maintained at a level that management considers adequate to absorb potential losses. All commercial loans are assigned credit risk ratings, based upon an assessment of the borrower, the structure of the transaction and the available collateral and/or guarantees. All loans are monitored regularly by the responsible officer, and the risk ratings are adjusted when considered appropriate. The risk assessment allows management to identify problem loans timely. Management considers a variety of factors, and recognizes the inherent risk of loss that always exists in the lending process. Management uses a disciplined methodology to estimate the appropriate level of allowance for loan losses. Management’s methodology to estimate an aggregate reserve is described in “NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION.” See “Asset Quality” for further discussion of the allowance for loan losses.

The Bank's methodology includes an evaluation of loss potential from individual problem credits, as well as a general reserve for the portfolio considering anticipated specific and general economic factors that may positively or adversely affect collectability. This assessment includes a review of changes in the composition and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality and past loss experience, review of specific problem loans, current economic conditions that may affect borrowers’ ability to repay, and other factors that may warrant consideration in estimating the reserve. In addition, the Bancorp’s internal auditors, loan review, and various regulatory agencies periodically review the adequacy of the allowance as

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an integral part of their work responsibilities or examination process. Customers Bancorp may be asked to recognize additions or reductions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments of information available at the time of their examination.

In the covered loan table, many of the Bank’s commercial and industrial loans have been classified as covered real estate. Approximately 75-80% of the Bank’s commercial real estate, commercial and residential construction, consumer residential and commercial and industrial loan types have real estate as collateral (collectively, “the real estate portfolio”). The Bank’s lien position on the real estate collateral will vary on a loan-by-loan basis and will change as a result of changes in the value of the collateral. Current appraisals providing current value estimates of the property are received when the Bank’s credit group determines that the facts and circumstances have significantly changed since the date of the last appraisal, including that real estate values have deteriorated. The credit committee and loan officers review loans that are fifteen or more days delinquent and all non-accrual loans on a periodic basis. In addition, loans where the loan officers have identified a “borrower of interest” are discussed to determine if additional analysis is necessary to apply the risk rating criteria properly. The risk ratings for the real estate loan portfolio are determined based upon the current information available, including but not limited to discussions with the borrower, updated financial information, economic conditions within the geographic area and other factors that may affect the cash flow of the loan. On a quarterly basis, if necessary, the collateral values or discounted cash flow models are used to determine the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral for the quantification of a specific reserve for impaired loans. Appraisals used within this evaluation process do not typically age more than two years before a new appraisal is obtained. For loans where real estate is not the primary source of collateral, updated financial information is obtained, including accounts receivable and inventory aging reports and relevant supplemental financial data to determine the fair value of the underlying collateral.

These evaluations, however, are inherently subjective as they require material estimates, including, among others, the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, estimated losses in the loan portfolio, and general amounts for historical loss experience, economic conditions, uncertainties in estimating losses and inherent risks in the various credit portfolios, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. Pursuant to ASC 450 Contingencies and ASC 310-40 Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, impaired loans, consisting of non-accrual and restructured loans, are considered in the methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses. Impaired loans are generally evaluated based on the expected future cash flows or the fair value of the underlying collateral (less estimated costs to sell) if principal repayment is expected to come from the sale or operation of such collateral.

The following table shows how the allowance for loan losses was allocated among the various loan portfolios outstanding as of December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. This allocation was based on management’s specific review of the credit risk of the outstanding loan portfolios in each category as well as historical trends.



	December 31,
	2014				2013				2012
	Allowance for loan losses		Percent of Loans in each category to total loans (a)		Allowance for loan losses		Percent of Loans in each category to total loans (a)		Allowance for loan losses		Percent of Loans in each category to total loans (a)
	(dollars in thousands)
Construction	$	1,047	3.4	%	$	2,385	9.9	%	$	3,991	15.4	%
Commercial real estate	13,572		43.9	%	11,478		47.8	%	13,645		52.9	%
Multi-family	8,493		27.5	%	4,227		17.6	%	1,794		6.9	%
Commercial and industrial	4,746		15.3	%	2,674		11.2	%	1,477		5.7	%
Residential real estate	2,698		8.7	%	2,490		10.4	%	3,233		12.5	%
Home equity / other	114		0.4	%	130		0.5	%	154		0.6	%
Mortgage warehouse	—		—	%	—		—	%	71		0.3	%
Manufactured housing	262		0.8	%	614		2.6	%	750		2.9	%
Residual Reserve	—		—	%	—		—	%	722		2.8	%
	$	30,932	100.0	%	$	23,998	100.0	%	$	25,837	100.0	%

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	December 31,
	2011				2010
	Allowance for loan losses		Percent of Loans in each category to total loans (a)		Allowance for loan losses		Percent of Loans in each category to total loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Construction	$	4,656	31.0	%	$	2,126	14.1	%
Commercial real estate	5,447		36.2	%	6,280		41.5	%
Multi-family	1,583		10.5	%	—		—	%
Commercial and industrial	1,441		9.6	%	1,663		11.0	%
Residential real estate	844		5.6	%	3,988		26.3	%
Home equity / other	77		0.5	%	11		0.1	%
Mortgage warehouse	929		6.2	%	465		3.1	%
Manufactured housing	1		—	%	—		—	%
Residual Reserve	54		0.4	%	596		3.9	%
	$	15,032	100.0	%	$	15,129	100.0	%


(a)	Total loans include covered and non-covered loans in 2014, 2013, 2012, and 2011. No covered loans were held prior to 2010.

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ASSET QUALITY

The Bank divides its loan portfolio into two categories to analyze and understand loan activity and performance: loans that were originated, and loans that were acquired. The Bank further divides originated loans into two categories: those originated prior to the current underwriting standards in 2009 and those originated subject to those standards post 2009, and purchased loans into two categories: those purchased at a credit discount, and those not acquired with credit discount. Management believes that this additional information provides for a better understanding of the risk in the portfolio and the various types of reserves that are available to absorb loan losses that may arise in future periods. Credit losses from originated loans are absorbed by the allowance for loan loss reserves. Credit losses from acquired loans are absorbed by the allowance for loan losses, nonaccretable difference fair value marks, and cash reserves, as described below. The allowance for loan losses is to absorb only those losses estimated to have been incurred after acquisition, whereas the fair value mark and cash reserves absorb losses estimated to have been embedded in the acquired loans at acquisition. This schedule includes both loans held for sale and loans held for investment.

Asset Quality at December 31, 2014



Loan Type	Total Loans		Current		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days and Accruing		Non- accrual/ NPL (a)		OREO (b)		NPA (a)+(b)		NPL to Loan Type (%)		NPA to Loans + OREO (%)
	(dollars in thousands)
Legacy Loans
Legacy	$	54,075	$	50,322	$	1,100	$	—	$	2,653	$	4,958	$	7,611	4.91	%	12.89	%
TDRs	1,060		998		—		—		62		—		62		5.85	%	5.85	%
Total Legacy Loans	55,135		51,320		1,100		—		2,715		4,958		7,673		4.92	%	12.77	%

Multi-Family	2,122,473		2,122,473		—		—		—		—		—		0.00	%	0.00	%
Commercial Real Estate	1,027,184		1,025,330		—		—		1,854		—		1,854		0.18	%	0.18	%
Commercial & Industrial	466,653		465,746		—		—		907		335		1,242		0.19	%	0.27	%
Residential	160,225		159,572		492		—		161		—		161		0.10	%	0.10	%
Construction	56,510		56,510		—		—		—		—		—		0.00	%	0.00	%
Home equity / other	576		567		—		—		9		—		9		1.56	%	1.56	%
TDR's	576		576		—		—		—		—		—		0.00	%	0.00	%
Total Originated Loans	3,834,197		3,830,774		492		—		2,931		335		3,266		0.08	%	0.09	%
Acquired Loans
Covered	30,282		25,371		665		—		4,246		9,445		13,691		14.02	%	34.46	%
Non-covered	332,045		320,459		6,219		4,388		979		633		1,612		0.29	%	0.48	%
TDR's Covered	532		532		—		—		—		—		—		0.00	%	0.00	%
TDRs Non-Covered	2,853		1,886		105		—		862		—		862		30.21	%	30.21	%
Total Acquired Loans	365,712		348,248		6,989		4,388		6,087		10,078		16,165		1.66	%	4.30	%
Acquired PCI Loans
Covered	11,367		3,933		—		7,434		—		—		—		0.00	%	0.00	%
Non-Covered	45,250		38,951		655		5,644		—		—		—		0.00	%	0.00	%
Total Acquired PCI Loans	56,617		42,884		655		13,078		—		—		—		0.00	%	0.00	%
Unearned Origination Fees	512		512		—		—		—		—		—
Total Loans Receivable	4,312,173		4,273,738		9,236		17,466		11,733		15,371		27,104		0.27	%	0.63	%
Total Loans Held for Sale	1,435,459		1,435,459		—		—		—		—		—
Total Portfolio	$	5,747,632	$	5,709,197	$	9,236	$	17,466	$	11,733	$	15,371	$	27,104	0.20	%	0.47	%

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Asset Quality at December 31, 2014 (continued)



Loan Type	Total Loans		NPL		ALL		Cash Reserve		Total Credit Reserves		Reserves to Loans (%)		Reserves to NPLs (%)

New Century Orig. Loans
Legacy	$	54,075	$	2,653	$	1,546	$	—	$	1,546	2.86	%	58.27	%
TDRs	1,060		62		30		—		30		2.83	%	48.39	%
Total Legacy Loans	55,135		2,715		1,576		—		1,576		2.86	%	58.05	%

Multi-Family	2,122,473		—		8,491		—		8,491		0.40	%	n/a
Commercial Real Estate	1,027,184		1,854		7,610		—		7,610		0.74	%	410.46	%
Commercial & Industrial	466,653		907		3,418		—		3,418		0.73	%	376.85	%
Residential	160,225		161		1,171		—		1,171		0.73	%	727.33	%
Construction	56,510		—		424		—		424		0.75	%	n/a
Home equity / other	576		9		8		—		8		1.39	%	88.89	%
TDR's	576		—		—		—		—		0.00	%	n/a
Total Originated Loans	3,834,197		2,931		21,122		—		21,122		0.55	%	720.64	%
Acquired Loans
Covered	30,282		4,246		603		—		603		1.99	%	14.20	%
Non-covered	332,045		979		617		3,042		3,659		1.10	%	373.75	%
TDR's Covered	532		—		—		—		—		0.00	%	n/a
TDRs Non-Covered	2,853		862		—		—		—		0.00	%	0.00	%
Total Acquired Loans	365,712		6,087		1,220		3,042		4,262		1.17	%	70.02	%
Acquired PCI Loans
Covered	11,367		—		1,669		—		1,669		14.68	%	n/a
Non-Covered	45,250		—		5,345		—		5,345		11.81	%	n/a
Total Acquired PCI Loans	56,617		—		7,014		—		7,014		12.39	%	n/a
Unearned Origination Fees	512
Total Loans Held for Investment	4,312,173		11,733		30,932		3,042		33,974		0.79	%	289.56	%
Total Loans Held for Sale	1,435,459		—		—		—		—		0.00	%	n/a
Total Portfolio	$	5,747,632	$	11,733	$	30,932	$	3,042	$	33,974	0.59	%	289.56	%

Originated Loans

Originated loans (excluding held-for-sale loans) totaled $3.8 billion, or 67.7%, of total loans at December 31, 2014, compared to $2.1 billion, or 64.2%, at December 31, 2013. Of the total originated loans at December 31, 2014, $3.8 billion, or 98.6%, were originated post 2009, when the new management team adopted new underwriting standards that management believes better limits risks of loss. Only $2.9 million, or 0.08%, of the post 2009 loans were non-performing at December 31, 2014. Of the total originated loans at December 31, 2013, $2.0 billion, or 96.3%, were originated post 2009. Only $0.5 million, or 0.03%, of the post 2009 loans were non-performing at December 31, 2013. The post 2009 originated loans were supported by an allowance for loan losses of $21.1 million (0.55% of post 2009 originated loans) and $10.7 million (0.54% of post 2009 originated loans), respectively, at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Legacy loans declined $20.9 million to $55.1 million at December 31, 2014, compared to $76.0 million at December 31, 2013. Non-performing Legacy loans also declined to $2.7 million at December 31, 2014 from $10.2 million at December 31, 2013 as the Bank continued to workout the losses in this portfolio. The Legacy originated loans were supported by an allowance for loan losses of $1.6 million (2.86% of Legacy loans) and $2.4 million (3.21% of Legacy loans), respectively, at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Acquired Loans

At December 31, 2014, Customers Bank reported $0.4 billion of acquired loans, which was 7.4% of total loans, compared to $0.4 billion, or 12.6%, of total loans at December 31, 2013. Non-performing acquired loans totaled $6.1 million at December 31, 2014 and $8.5 million at December 31, 2013. When loans are acquired, they are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Acquired loans include purchased portfolios, FDIC failed-bank acquisitions, and unassisted acquisitions. Of the manufactured housing loans purchased from Tammac prior to 2012, $70.6 million were supported by a $3.0 million cash reserve at December

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31, 2014, compared to $74.7 million supported by a cash reserve of $3.1 million at December 31, 2013. The cash reserve was created as part of the purchase transaction to absorb losses and is maintained in a demand deposit account at the Bank. All current losses and delinquent interest are absorbed by this reserve. For the manufactured housing loans purchased in 2012, Tammac has an obligation to pay the Bank the full payoff amount of the defaulted loan, including any principal, unpaid interest, or advances on the loans, once the borrower vacates the property. At December 31, 2014, $47.5 million of these loans were outstanding, compared to $53.5 million at December 31, 2013.

Many of the acquired loans were purchased at a discount. The price paid considered management’s judgment as to the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the portfolio at the time of purchase. Every quarter, management reassesses the risk and adjusts the cash flow forecast to incorporate changes in the credit outlook. Generally, a decrease in forecasted cash flows for a purchased loan will result in a provision for loan losses, and absent charge-offs, an increase in the allowance for loan losses. Acquired loans have a significantly higher percentage of non-performing loans than loans originated after September 2009. Management acquired these loans with the expectation that non-performing loan levels would be elevated, and therefore incorporated that expectation into the price paid. There is a Special Assets Group that focuses on workouts for these acquired non-performing assets. Total acquired loans were supported by reserves (allowance for loan losses and cash reserves) of $11.3 million (2.67% of total acquired loans) and $13.9 million (3.43% of total acquired loans), respectively, at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Held-for-Sale Loans

At December 31, 2014, loans held for sale were $1.4 billion, or 25.0%, of the total loan portfolio, compared to $0.7 billion, or 23.3% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2013. The loans held-for-sale portfolio at December 31, 2014 included $1.3 billion of loans to mortgage banking businesses, $99.8 million of multi-family loans and $3.6 million of residential mortgage loans, compared to $740.7 million of loans to mortgage banking businesses and $6.9 million of residential mortgages loans at December 31, 2013. Held-for-sale loans are carried on our balance sheet at either fair value (due to the election of the fair value option) or the lower of cost of fair value. An allowance for loan losses is not recorded on loans that are held for sale.

The Bank manages its credit risk through the diversification of the loan portfolio and the application of policies and procedures designed to foster sound credit standards and monitoring practices. While various degrees of credit risk are associated with substantially all investing activities, the lending function carries the greatest degree of potential loss. At December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, non-performing loans to total loans were 0.20% and 0.60%, respectively. Total reserves to non-performing loans were 289.6% and 152.9%, respectively, at December 31, 2014 and December 2013.

The tables below set forth non-covered non-performing loans and non-performing assets and asset quality ratios:



	December 31,
	2014		2013		2012		2011		2010
	(in thousands)
Loans 90+ days delinquent still accruing	$	4,388	$	3,772	$	1,966	$	—	$	5
Non-accrual loans	7,487		13,513		22,347		29,633		22,242
OREO	5,926		5,312		4,005		7,316		1,906
Non-performing non-covered assets	$	13,413	$	18,825	$	26,352	$	36,949	$	24,148

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	December 31,
	2014		2013		2012		2011		2010
Non-accrual non-covered loans to total non-covered loans	0.18	%	0.56	%	1.84	%	2.44	%	4.33	%
Non-performing non-covered assets to total non-covered assets	0.31	%	0.78	%	2.16	%	3.02	%	4.68	%
Non-accrual non-covered loans and 90+ days delinquent to total non-covered assets	0.28	%	0.72	%	1.99	%	2.42	%	4.31	%
Allowance for loan losses to (1):
Total non-covered loans	0.56	%	0.62	%	1.20	%	1.24	%	2.94	%
Non-performing non-covered loans	319.44	%	109.16	%	65.26	%	50.73	%	68.02	%


(1)	Excludes the impact of purchased-credit-impaired loans and their related allowance for loan losses of $7.0 million for 2014, $9.2 million for 2013, and $11.3 million for 2012. There was no related allowance for loan losses for 2011 and 2010. There were no purchased-credit-impaired loans in the portfolio in 2009.

The table below sets forth types of non-covered loans that were non-performing at December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010.



	December 31,
	2014		2013		2012		2011		2010
	(in thousands)
Construction	$	—	$	2,049	$	2,423	$	5,630	$	4,673
Residential real estate	849		969		1,669		1,643		1,125
Commercial real estate	3,450		9,924		17,770		19,535		15,739
Commercial and industrial	2,257		123		288		2,785		705
Manufactured housing	931		448		141		—		—
Consumer and other	—		—		56		40		—
Total non-performing loans	$	7,487	$	13,513	$	22,347	$	29,633	$	22,242

The Bank seeks to manage credit risk through the diversification of the loan portfolio and the application of credit underwriting policies and procedures designed to foster sound credit standards and monitoring practices. While various degrees of credit risk are associated with substantially all investing activities, the lending function carries the greatest degree of potential loss.

Asset quality assurance activities include careful monitoring of borrower payment status and the periodic review of borrower current financial information to ensure ongoing financial strength and borrower cash flow viability. The Bank has established credit policies and procedures, seeks the consistent application of those policies and procedures across the organization, and adjusts policies as appropriate for changes in market conditions and applicable regulations.

Problem Loan Identification and Management

To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction portfolio and residential real estate segments, and for purposes of analyzing historical loss rates used in the determination of the allowance for loan losses for the respective portfolio segment, the Bank utilizes the following categories of risk ratings: pass (there are six risk ratings of pass loans), special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss. The risk rating categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers who do not have an identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for which there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and allocate the appropriate resources to managing the loans.

The Bank assigns a special mention rating to loans that have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan and our credit position. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, special mention loans were $34.6 million and $27.7 million, respectively.

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Risk ratings are not established for home equity loans, consumer loans, and installment loans, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of homogenous loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based on aggregate payment history, through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends.

A regular reporting and review process is in place to provide for proper portfolio oversight and control, and to monitor those loans identified as problem credits by management. This process is designed to assess our progress in working toward a solution, and to assist in determining an appropriate specific allowance for possible losses. All loan work-out situations involve the active participation of management and are reported regularly to the Board. When a loan becomes delinquent 90 days or more, or earlier if considered appropriate, the loan is assigned to Customers’ Special Asset Group (“SAG”) for workout or other resolution.

Loan charge-offs are determined on a case-by-case basis. Loans are generally charged off when principal is likely to be unrecoverable and after appropriate collection steps have been taken. Loan charge-offs are proposed by the SAG and approved by the Board of Directors.

Loan policies and procedures are reviewed internally for possible revisions and changes on a regular basis. In addition, these policies and procedures, together with the loan portfolio, are reviewed on a periodic basis by various regulatory agencies and by our internal, external and loan review auditors, as part of their examination and audit procedures.

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)

At December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were $5.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively, in loans reported as TDRs. TDRs are considered impaired loans in the calendar year of their restructuring and are evaluated to determine whether they should be placed on non-accrual status. In subsequent years, a TDR may be returned to accrual status if it satisfies a minimum six-month performance requirement; however, it will remain classified as an impaired loan. Generally, Customers Bank requires sustained performance for nine months before returning a TDR to accrual status.

Modification of purchased-credit-impaired loans that are accounted for within loan pools in accordance with the accounting standards for purchased-credit-impaired loans do not result in the removal of these loans from the pool even if modifications would otherwise be considered a TDR. Accordingly, as each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an expectation of cash flows, modifications of loans within such pools are not TDRs.

TDR modifications primarily involve interest rate concessions, extensions of term, deferrals of principal, and other modifications. Other modifications typically reflect other nonstandard terms which the Bancorp would not offer in non-troubled situations. During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, loans aggregating $1.1 million and $1.2 million were modified in troubled debt restructurings. TDR modifications of loans within the commercial and industrial category were primarily interest rate concessions, deferrals of principal and other modifications; modifications of commercial real estate loans were primarily deferrals of principal, extensions of term and other modifications; and modifications of residential real estate loans were primarily interest rate concessions and deferrals of principal. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in troubled debt structuring.

There were no valuation losses at the time of the troubled debt restructuring and the TDR had no impact on the allowance for loan losses. During the twelve- month period ending December 31, 2014, six TDR loans defaulted with a total recorded investment of $0.4 million. During the twelve-month period ending December 31, 2013, five TDR loans defaulted with a total recorded investment of $0.4 million. Since these loans were included in the loan portfolio that is subject to the cash reserve, they will be removed from the loan portfolio when they become ninety days past due; accordingly, there were no defaulted TDR loans at December 31, 2014 and 2013.

All loans modified in troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired and measured for impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those which have experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for loan losses. There were no specific allowances resulting from TDR modifications during 2014 and 2013.

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Non-performing loans and assets covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements

The tables below set forth non-accrual covered loans and non-performing covered assets covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements excluding purchased-credit-impaired loans.



	December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Non-accrual covered loans	$	4,246	$	5,650	$	10,504
Covered other real estate owned	9,445		6,953		4,109
Total non-performing covered assets	$	13,691	$	12,603	$	14,613

The table below sets forth the types of covered loans that were non-performing excluding purchased-credit-impaired loans.



	December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Construction	$	2,325	$	3,382	$	5,244
Residential real estate	1,006		564		1,358
Commercial real estate	615		1,691		3,712
Commercial and industrial	165		2		100
Home equity / other	135		11		90
Total non-performing covered loans	$	4,246	$	5,650	$	10,504

FDIC LOSS SHARING RECEIVABLE

As of December 31, 2014, $42.2 million, or 0.7%, of outstanding loans, and $ 9.4 million, or 61.5% of other real estate assets, were covered under loss share agreements with the FDIC in which the FDIC has agreed to reimburse us for 80% of all losses incurred in connection with those assets. We estimated the FDIC reimbursement that will result from losses or expenses incurred as we dispose of covered loans and other real estate assets, and included qualifying incurred expenses, we recorded the total as a receivable from the FDIC. The FDIC loss sharing receivable was approximately $2.3 million and $10.0 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Increases in the FDIC indemnification asset reflect an estimated decrease in cash flows on a covered loan, and a decrease in the indemnification asset reflects an increase in the estimated cash flows of a covered loan, and the change in estimated collections is presented net in the provision for loan losses.

ACCRUED INTEREST RECEIVABLE

Accrued interest receivable increased by $6.8 million, or 81.8%, to $15.2 million at December 31, 2014 from $8.4 million at December 31, 2013. This increase was primarily associated with the increase in total loans receivable of $1.8 billion to $4.3 billion at December 31, 2014 from $2.5 billion at December 31, 2013.

PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT AND OTHER ASSETS

Our premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, was $10.8 million and $11.6 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment purchases and back office contributed $0.3 million to the increase. Technology equipment contributed $1.0 million due to the increase of additional technology facilities and employees.

Customers Bank’s restricted stock holdings at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were $82.0 million and $42.4 million, respectively. These consist of stock of the Federal Reserve Bank, Federal Home Loan Bank and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank, and are required as part of our relationship with these banks.

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Other assets at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were $52.9 million and $41.0, respectively. Activity that contributed to the increase of $11.9 million included $6.2 million of cash pledged for interest rate swaps, $3.8 million increase in value of interest rate swaps and $1.4 million of technology infrastructure related to BankMobile that was capitalized.

BOLI purchases of $30.5 million during 2014 contributed to the increase in our BOLI cash surrender value of $138.7 million at December 31, 2014 from $104.4 million at December 31, 2013. BOLI is used by the Bank as tax-free funding for employee benefits. Included in BOLI on the balance sheet is the cash surrender value of the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) balance of $2.8 million and $2.3 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

DEPOSITS

The Bank offers a variety of deposit accounts, including checking, savings, money market deposit accounts (“MMDA”) and time deposits. Deposits are obtained primarily from our geographic service area. Total deposits grew to $4.5 billion at December 31, 2014, an increase of $1.6 million, or 53.1%, from $3.0 billion at December 31, 2013. Note that $1.1 billion of the deposits were brokered deposits with the remaining generated from the retail network and listing services. We experienced growth in retail deposits due to exceptional sales behaviors, despite continued low interest rates in 2014.

The components of deposits were as follows at the dates indicated:



	December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Demand, non-interest bearing	$	546,436	$	478,103	$	219,687
Demand, interest bearing	71,202		58,013		37,260
Savings, including MMDA	2,203,237		1,298,468		1,003,985
Time, $100,000 and over	1,043,265		797,322		708,487
Time, other	668,398		328,016		471,399
Total deposits	$	4,532,538	$	2,959,922	$	2,440,818

Time deposits of $100,000 or more were $1.0 billion at December 31, 2014 compared to $797.3 million at December 31, 2013, an increase of $245.9 million or 30.9%. We experienced growth in retail deposits, despite lower interest rates in 2014. Non-interest bearing demand deposits totaled $546.4 million at December 31, 2014, up from $478.1 million at December 31, 2013. These accounts include deposits of students made pursuant to a program serviced by a third party on behalf of the Bank. Deposits of students were flat at $232.7 million as of December 31, 2014 and $232.8 million as of December 31, 2013. These deposits are seasonal, peaking in the fall and mid-winter and lowest in the summer.

Average deposit balances by type and the associated average rate paid are summarized below:



	For the Year ended December 31,
	2014				2013				2012
	Average Balance		Average Rate Paid		Average Balance		Average Rate Paid		Average Balance		Average Rate Paid
	(dollars in thousands)
Demand deposits	$	620,385	0.00	%	$	385,175	0.00	%	$	180,719	0.00	%
Interest-bearing demand deposits	62,840		0.61		45,613		0.52		36,701		0.52
Savings, including MMDA	1,753,691		0.42		1,138,200		0.68		876,605		0.86
Time deposits	1,403,774		0.96		1,251,707		1.04		935,207		1.43
Total	$	3,840,690			$	2,820,695			$	2,029,232

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At December 31, 2014, the scheduled maturities of time deposits greater than $100,000 were as follows:



	December 31,
	( in thousands)
3 months or less	$	188,976
Over 3 through 6 months	264,206
Over 6 through 12 months	236,626
Over 12 months	353,457
Total	$	1,043,265

FHLB ADVANCES and OTHER BORROWINGS

Borrowed funds from various sources are generally used to supplement deposit growth and meet other operating needs. The Bank strategically views the short term FHLB advances as funding the loans to mortgage companies national business.

Short-term debt

Short-term debt was as follows:



	December 31,
	2014				2013				2012
	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate
(amounts in thousands)
FHLB advances	$	1,298,000	0.29	%	$	611,500	0.26	%	$	411,000	0.25	%
Federal funds purchased	—		—	%	13,000		0.48	%	5,000		0.20	%
Total short-term borrowings	$	1,298,000			$	624,500			$	416,000

For additional information on the Company’s short-term debt, refer to “NOTE 11 – BORROWINGS.”

Long-term debt

The contractual maturities of fixed-rate long-term FHLB advances are as noted below.



	December 31,
	2014				2013
	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate
(amounts in thousands)
2015	$	—	—	%	$	50,000	0.37	%
2016	85,000		0.59		35,000		0.66
2017	180,000		1.21		5,000		3.08
2018	55,000		1.61		5,000		3.31
	$	320,000			$	95,000

Senior notes

On June 26, 2014, Customers Bancorp, Inc. closed a private placement transaction in which it issued $25.0 million of 4.625% senior notes due 2019. Interest is paid semi-annually in arrears in June and December. The notes are unsecured obligations of the Bancorp and rank equally with all of its secured and unsecured senior indebtedness.

In July and August 2013, the Bancorp issued $63.3 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2018.

The notes bear interest at 6.375% per year which is payable on March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15.

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Subordinated debt

On June 26, 2014, Customers Bank closed a private placement transaction in which it issued $110.0 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due 2029. The subordinated notes bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 6.125% until June 26, 2024, and interest is paid semiannually. From June 26, 2024, the subordinated notes will bear an annual interest rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 344.3 basis points until maturity on June 26, 2029. Customers Bank has the ability to call the subordinated notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after June 26, 2024.

The subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Shareholders’ equity increased by $56.5 million to $443.1 million at December 31, 2014, from $386.6 million at December 31, 2013. The increase in equity was primarily the result of net income for 2014 of $43.2 million and a decrease in unrealized losses (net of taxes) on available-for-sale securities of $9.3 million.

In May 2014, the Bancorp's Board of Directors declared a 10% stock dividend to all shareholders of record as of May 27, 2014. This special dividend was paid on June 30, 2014 in the form of an aggregate of 2.4 million additional shares of Common Stock.

During 2014 the Bancorp issued 91,457 shares of Common Stock, 52,770 shares were issued to directors in lieu of meeting retainer fees, 34,414 shares were issued under share-based compensation arrangements and 4,273 shares under the employee stock purchase plan.

During 2013, the Bancorp:


•	sold 6.2 million shares of new issue Voting Common Stock to the public at a price of $16.75 per share. The net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses were $97.5 million;


•	converted 3.7 million shares of Class B Non-Voting Common Stock into 3.7 million shares of Voting Common Stock;


•	authorized a stock repurchase plan in which the Bancorp could acquire up to 5% of its current outstanding shares at prices not to exceed a 20% premium over the current book value. The repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time, and the Bancorp has no obligation to repurchase any amount of its Common Stock under the program;


•	repurchased 0.5 million shares under the stock repurchase program discussed above;


•	issued 23,413 shares of Common Stock under share-based compensation arrangements;


•	issued 31,904 shares of Class B Non-Voting Common Stock and 14,869 shares of Voting Common Stock upon exercise of outstanding warrants; and


•	repurchased warrants to purchase 17,227 shares of voting Common Stock and 17,227 shares of Class B Non-Voting stock.

During 2012, the Bancorp:


•	sold 7.1 million shares of common stock in private offerings. The proceeds, net of offering costs, were $94.6 million; and


•	announced that, due to market conditions, it had postponed its initial public offering of Voting Common Stock. Costs related to this postponed offering in the amount of $1.4 million were expensed and are a component of non-interest expenses.

For additional details relating to changes in the Bancorp’s shareholders’ equity, refer to the “Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders Equity” presented in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity for a financial institution is a measure of that institution’s ability to meet depositors’ needs for funds, to satisfy or fund loan commitments, and for other operating purposes. Ensuring adequate liquidity is an objective of the Asset/Liability Management process. Customers Bancorp coordinates its management of liquidity with our interest rate sensitivity and capital position, and strives to maintain a strong liquidity position.

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The Bank’s investment portfolio provides periodic cash flows through regular maturities and amortization, and can be used as collateral to secure additional liquidity funding. Our principal sources of funds are proceeds from stock issuance, deposits, debt issuance, principal and interest payments on loans, and other funds from operations. Borrowing arrangements are maintained with the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to meet short-term liquidity needs. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, our borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank was $3.2 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, of which $1.3 billion and $611.5 million, respectively, was used in short-term borrowings. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, our borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia was $62.7 million and $92.3 million, respectively.

Net cash flows used in operating activities were $543.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, compared to net cash flows provided by operating activities of $722.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013. Origination of loans held for sale in excess of the proceeds from the sales of loans contributed $585.1 million to cash flows used in operating activities during 2014. Proceeds from loans held for sale in excess of the originations of loans contributed $689.6 million to cash flows provided by operating activities during 2013.

Investing activities used net cash flows of $1.9 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014. Purchases less proceeds from sales of investment securities provided $97.5 million which was offset by a net increase in loans of $1.8 billion. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2013, net cash flows used in investing activities were $1.6 billion.

Financing activities provided $2.6 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, as increases in cash from deposits provided $1.6 billion. In addition, increases in short-term and FHLB term borrowings of $633.5 million and $265.0 million, respectively, provided sufficient cash flows to support operating and investing activities. Additionally, $133.1 million in net proceeds were raised by private placement subordinated and senior debt offerings in 2014.

Overall, based on our core deposit base and available sources of borrowed funds, management believes that we have adequate resources to meet our short-term and long-term cash requirements for the foreseeable future.

CAPITAL ADEQUACY

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System has adopted risk-based capital and leverage ratio requirements for bank holding companies like the Bancorp and banks like Customers Bank that are members of the Federal Reserve System. The Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities also sets minimum capital requirements. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bancorp met each of our minimum capital requirements. Management believes that the Bancorp meets the regulatory “well capitalized” criteria as of December 31, 2014. Banking regulators have discretion to establish an institution’s classification based on other factors, in addition to the institution’s numeric capital levels.

Management is not aware of any developments that have occurred and that could, or would be reasonably likely to, cause the Bancorp’s classification to be reduced below a level of “well capitalized” for regulatory purposes. The Bancorp’s capital classification is determined pursuant to “prompt corrective action” regulations, and to determine levels of deposit insurance assessments, and may not constitute an accurate representation of our overall financial condition or prospects.

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The following table summarizes the required capital ratios and the corresponding regulatory capital positions of the Bancorp and Customers Bank for the periods or dates indicated:



	Actual				For Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
As of December 31, 2014:
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	578,644	11.09	%	$	417,473	8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	621,894	11.98	%	$	415,141	8.0	%	$	518,926	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	437,712	8.39	%	$	208,737	4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	480,963	9.27	%	$	207,570	4.0	%	$	311,356	6.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	437,712	6.69	%	$	261,622	4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	480,963	7.39	%	$	260,462	4.0	%	$	325,577	5.0	%
As of December 31, 2013:
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	411,527	13.21	%	$	249,196	8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	435,432	14.11	%	$	246,936	8.0	%	$	308,670	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	387,529	12.44	%	$	124,598	4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	411,434	13.33	%	$	123,468	4.0	%	$	185,202	6.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	387,529	10.11	%	$	153,310	4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	411,434	10.81	%	$	152,191	4.0	%	$	190,239	5.0	%

Capital Ratios

The Bank continued to build capital during 2014. In general, in the past few years, capital growth has been achieved by earnings and increases in capital from sales of common stock.

The Bank is unaware of any current recommendations by the regulatory authorities which, if they were to be implemented, would have a material effect on our liquidity, capital resources, or operations.

The maintenance of appropriate levels of capital is an important objective of our Asset and Liability Management process. Through our initial capitalization and our subsequent offerings, we believe we have continued to maintain a strong capital position.

Effective January 1, 2015, Customers Bancorp and Customers Bank became subject to new capital requirements as detailed earlier in this document. Management has reviewed these new calculations and requirements, and expects to comply with the requirements when they become effective.

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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The Bank is involved with financial instruments and other commitments with off-balance sheet risks. Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risks are incurred in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, including unused portions of lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the balance sheets.

With commitments to extend credit, exposures to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The same credit policies are used in making commitments and conditional obligations as for on-balance sheet instruments. Since they involve credit risk similar to extending a loan, they are subject to the Bank’s Credit Policy and other underwriting standards.

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the following off-balance sheet commitments, financial instruments and other arrangements were outstanding:



	December 31,
	2014		2013
	(in thousands)
Commitments to fund loans	$	231,294	$	202,809
Unfunded commitments to fund mortgage warehouse loans	713,619		905,442
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit	430,995		177,457
Letters of credit	36,206		29,116
Other unused commitments	7,685		8,010

Commitments to fund loans, unfunded commitments to fund mortgage warehouse loans, unfunded commitments under lines of credit and letters of credit are agreements to extend credit to or for the benefit of a customer in the ordinary course of our business.

Commitments to fund loans and unfunded commitments under lines of credit may be obligations of ours as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. We evaluate each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if we deem it necessary upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but may include personal or commercial real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment.

Mortgage warehouse loan commitments are agreements to purchase mortgage loans from mortgage bankers that agree to purchase the loans back in a short period of time or to sell to third party mortgage originators. These commitments generally fluctuate monthly as existing loans are repurchased by the mortgage bankers and new loans are purchased by the Bank.

Outstanding letters of credit written are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Letters of credit may obligate us to fund draws under those letters of credit whether or not a customer continues to meet the conditions of the extension of credit. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers.

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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The following table sets forth contractual obligations and other commitments representing required and potential cash outflows as of December 31, 2014. Interest on subordinated notes, FHLB long-term advances, and senior notes was calculated using then current contractual interest rates.



	Total		Within one year		After one but within three years		After three but within five years		More than five years
(amounts in thousands)
Operating leases	$	21,835	$	3,574	$	6,740	$	5,587	$	5,934
Benefit plan commitments	4,500		300		600		600		3,000
Contractual maturities of time deposits	1,711,663		976,051		636,771		98,841		0
Subordinated notes	110,000		0		0		0		110,000
Interest on subordinated notes	101,070		6,738		13,476		13,476		67,380
Loan commitments	1,375,908		1,056,862		65,519		116,369		137,158
FHLB long-term advances	320,000		0		265,000		55,000		0
Interest on FHLB long-term advances	5,322		3,552		592		1,178		0
Senior notes	88,250		0		63,250		25,000		0
Interest on senior notes	20,230		5,188		10,377		4,665		0
Other commitments (1)	7,685		0		0		7,685		0
Standby letters of credit	36,206		28,292		1,500		6,414		0
Total	$	3,802,669	$	2,080,557	$	1,063,825	$	334,815	$	323,472


(1)	Represents a commitment expiring in approximately three years that is subject to unscheduled requests for payment.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For information about the impact that recently adopted or issued accounting guidance will have on us, refer to “NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION”.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The largest component of our net income is net interest income, and the majority of our financial instruments are interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities with various terms and maturities. One of the primary objectives of management is to maximize net interest income while minimizing interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is derived from timing differences in the repricing of assets and liabilities, loan prepayments, deposit withdrawals, and differences in lending and funding rates. Our Asset/Liability Committee actively seeks to monitor and control the mix of interest rate sensitive assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities.

We use two complementary methods to analyze and measure interest rate sensitivity as part of the overall management of interest rate risk. They are income simulation modeling and estimates of economic value of equity. The combination of these two methods provides a reasonably comprehensive summary of the levels of interest rate risk of our exposure to time factors and changes in interest rate environments.

Income simulation modeling is used to measure our interest rate sensitivity and manage our interest rate risk. Income simulation considers not only the impact of changing market interest rates upon forecasted net interest income, but also other factors such as yield curve relationships, the volume and mix of assets and liabilities, customer preferences and general market conditions.

Through the use of income simulation modeling, we have estimated the net interest income for the year ending December 31, 2014, based upon the assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet financial instruments in existence at December 31, 2013. We have also estimated changes to that estimated net interest income based upon interest rates rising or falling immediately (“rate shocks”). Rate shocks assume that all interest rates increase or decrease immediately. The following table reflects the estimated percentage change in estimated net interest income for the year ending December 31, 2014, resulting from changes in interest rates.

Net change in net interest income



Rate Shocks	% Change
Up 3%	(6.3	)%
Up 2%	(1.4	)%
Up 1%	1.4	%
Down 1%	—	%
Down 2%	(1.9	)%
Down 3%	(4.4	)%

The net changes in net interest income in all scenarios are within Customers Bank’s interest rate risk policy guidelines.

Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”) estimates the discounted present value of asset and liability cash flows. Discount rates are based upon market prices for comparable assets and liabilities. Upward and downward rate shocks are used to measure volatility of EVE in relation to a constant rate environment. This method of measurement primarily evaluates the longer term repricing risks and options in Customers Bank’s balance sheet. The following table reflects the estimated EVE at risk and the ratio of EVE to EVE adjusted assets at December 31, 2014, resulting from shocks to interest rates.



Rate Shocks	From base
Up 3%	(30.0	)%
Up 2%	(15.0	)%
Up 1%	(3.1	)%
Down 1%	(9.6	)%
Down 2%	(18.3	)%
Down 3%	(11.1	)%

The matching of assets and liabilities may also be analyzed by examining the extent to which such assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive and by monitoring a bank’s interest rate sensitivity “gap.” An asset or liability is said to be interest rate

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sensitive within a specific time period if it will mature or reprice within that time period. The interest rate sensitivity gap is defined as the difference between the amount of interest earning assets maturing or repricing within a specific time period and the amount of interest bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within that time period.

The following table sets forth the amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities outstanding at December 31, 2014 that are anticipated, based upon certain assumptions, to reprice or mature in each of the future time periods shown. Except as stated below, the amount of assets and liabilities shown that reprice or mature during a particular period were determined in accordance with the earlier of term to repricing or the contractual maturity of the asset or liability. The table sets forth an approximation of the projected repricing of assets and liabilities at December 31, 2014 on the basis of contractual maturities, anticipated prepayments, and scheduled rate adjustments within a three-month period and subsequent selected time intervals. The loan amounts in the table reflect principal balances expected to be repaid and/or repriced as a result of contractual amortization and anticipated prepayments of adjustable and fixed rate loans, and as a result of contractual-rate adjustments on adjustable-rate loans.



Balance Sheet Gap Analysis at December 31, 2014
	3 months or less			3 to 6 months			6 to 12 months			1 to 3 years			3 to 5 years			Over 5 years			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest earning deposits and federal funds sold	$	308,276		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	61,046		$	369,322
Investment securities	16,606			16,862			33,684			115,432			85,425			206,407			474,416
Loans (a)	2,228,332			232,401			337,453			1,206,119			1,139,264			573,131			5,716,700
Total interest-earning assets	2,553,214			249,263			371,137			1,321,551			1,224,689			840,584			6,560,438
Non interest-earning assets	—			—			—			—			—			224,430			224,430
Total assets	2,553,214			249,263			371,137			1,321,551			1,224,689			1,065,014			$	6,784,868
Liabilities
Other interest-bearing deposits	$	2,165,612		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	108,827		$	2,274,439
Time deposits	335,768			314,626			356,057			615,786			89,393			33			1,711,663
Other borrowings	1,282,998			—			25,002			260,000			50,000			—			1,618,000
Subordinated debt	0			—			—			—			—			110,000			110,000
Total interest-bearing liabilities	3,784,378			314,626			381,059			875,786			139,393			218,860			5,714,102
Non-interest-bearing liabilities	—			—			—			—			—			587,467			587,467
Shareholders’ equity	—			—			—			—			—			483,299			483,761
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	3,784,378			314,626			381,059			875,786			139,393			1,289,626			$	6,785,330
Interest sensitivity gap	$	(1,231,164	)	$	(65,363	)	$	(9,922	)	$	445,765		$	1,085,296		$	(224,612	)
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap				$	(1,296,527	)	$	(1,306,449	)	$	(860,684	)	$	224,612		$	—
Cumulative interest sensitivity gap to total assets	(18.1		)%	(19.1		)%	(19.3		)%	(12.7		)%	3.3		%	0.0		%
Cumulative interest-earning assets to cumulative interest-bearing liabilities	67.5		%	68.4		%	70.8		%	83.9		%	104.1		%	114.8		%


(a)	Including loans held for sale

As shown above, we have a negative cumulative gap (cumulative interest sensitive assets are lower than cumulative interest sensitive liabilities) within the next year, which generally indicates that an increase in rates may lead to a decrease in net interest income, and a decrease in rates may lead to an increase in net interest income. Interest rate sensitivity gap analysis measures whether assets or liabilities may reprice but does not capture the ability to reprice or the range of potential repricing on assets or liabilities. Thus indications based on a negative or positive gap position need to be analyzed in conjunction with other interest rate risk management tools.

Management believes that the assumptions and combination of methods utilized in evaluating estimated net interest income are reasonable. However, the interest rate sensitivity of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet financial instruments, as well as the estimated effect of changes in interest rates on estimated net interest income, could vary substantially if different assumptions are used or actual experience differs from the assumptions used in the model.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Financial Statements for the three years ended

December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

INDEX TO CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	83
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Controls	84
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	85
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013	86
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012	87
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012	88
Consolidated Statements of Changes In Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012	89
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012	90
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012	92

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Customers Bancorp, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Bancorp”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Bancorp’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Bancorp’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated February 27, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Bancorp's internal controls over financial reporting.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

February 27, 2015

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Controls

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Customers Bancorp, Inc.

We have audited Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries’ (the “Bancorp”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). The Bancorp’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements and Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Bancorp’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on the COSO criteria.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the related consolidated statement of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flow for the years, then ended and our report dated February 27, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

February 27, 2015

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Customers Bancorp, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows of Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2012. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Bancorp's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the results of Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries' operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP

Allentown, Pennsylvania

March 18, 2013

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(dollars in thousands, except share data)



	December 31,
	2014			2013
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	62,746		$	60,709
Interest earning deposits	308,277			172,359
Cash and cash equivalents	371,023			233,068
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	416,685			497,573
Loans held for sale (includes $1,335,668 and $747,593, respectively at fair value)	1,435,459			747,593
Loans receivable	4,312,173			2,465,078
Allowance for loan losses	(30,932		)	(23,998		)
Total loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses	4,281,241			2,441,080
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock	82,002			42,424
Accrued interest receivable	15,205			8,362
FDIC loss sharing receivable	2,320			10,046
Bank premises and equipment, net	10,810			11,625
Bank-owned life insurance	138,676			104,433
Other real estate owned	15,371			12,265
Goodwill and other intangibles	3,664			3,676
Other assets	52,914			41,028
Total assets	$	6,825,370		$	4,153,173
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand, non-interest bearing	$	546,436		$	478,103
Interest bearing	3,986,102			2,481,819
Total deposits	4,532,538			2,959,922
Federal funds purchased	—			13,000
FHLB advances	1,618,000			706,500
Other borrowings	88,250			63,250
Subordinated debt	110,000			2,000
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	33,437			21,878
Total liabilities	6,382,225			3,766,550
Commitments and contingencies (NOTES 17 and 21)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value or as set by the board; 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued	—			—
Common stock, par value $1.00 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 27,277,789 and 24,756,411 shares issued as of December 31, 2014 and 2013; 26,745,529 and 24,224,151 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2014 and 2013	27,278			24,756
Additional paid in capital	355,822			307,231
Retained earnings	68,421			71,008
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(122		)	(8,118		)
Treasury stock, at cost (532,260 shares as of December 31, 2014 and 2013)	(8,254		)	(8,254		)
Total shareholders’ equity	443,145			386,623
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	6,825,370		$	4,153,173

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(dollars in thousands, except share data)



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
Interest income:
Loans receivable, including fees	$	146,388	$	82,580	$	70,510
Loans held for sale	30,801		38,140		15,950
Investment securities	10,386		6,314		6,731
Other	2,852		1,122		623
Total interest income	190,427		128,156		93,814
Interest expense:
Deposits	24,454		21,020		21,076
Other borrowings	5,342		2,024		10
FHLB advances	5,194		1,192		606
Subordinated debt	3,514		65		69
Total interest expense	38,504		24,301		21,761
Net interest income	151,923		103,855		72,053
Provision for loan losses	14,747		2,236		14,270
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	137,176		101,619		57,783
Non-interest income:
Mortgage warehouse transactional fees	8,233		12,962		12,289
Bank-owned life insurance	3,702		2,482		1,332
Gains on sales of investment securities	3,191		1,274		9,017
Gains on sales of loans	3,125		852		357
Mortgage loan and banking income	2,048		1,142		—
Deposit fees	801		675		481
Other	4,026		3,316		5,482
Total non-interest income	25,126		22,703		28,958
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	46,427		35,493		23,846
FDIC assessments, taxes, and regulatory fees	11,812		5,568		3,037
Occupancy	11,010		8,829		6,816
Professional services	7,748		5,548		3,468
Technology, communication and bank operations	5,856		4,330		2,805
Other real estate owned	3,601		1,365		(85		)
Loan workout	1,706		2,245		2,243
Advertising and promotion	1,325		1,274		1,219
Loss contingency	—		2,000		—
Stock offering expenses	—		—		1,437
Other	9,429		7,372		5,865
Total non-interest expense	98,914		74,024		50,651
Income before income tax expense	63,388		50,298		36,090
Income tax expense	20,174		17,604		12,272
Net income	$	43,214	$	32,694	$	23,818

Basic earnings per common share (1)	$	1.62	$	1.34	$	1.61
Diluted earnings per common share (1)	1.55		1.30		1.57

(1) Earnings per share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the 10% stock dividend declared on May 15, 2014 and issued on

June 30, 2014.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
Net income	$	43,214		$	32,694		$	23,818
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities arising during the period (1)	17,437			(12,853		)	2,522
Income tax effect (1)	(6,103		)	4,499			(883		)
Less: reclassification adjustments for gains on securities included in net income	(3,191		)	(1,274		)	(9,017		)
Income tax effect	1,117			446			3,156
Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities transferred from the held-to-maturity category into the available-for-sale category	—			—			8,509
Income tax effect	—			—			(2,978		)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities	9,260			(9,182		)	1,309
Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges arising during the period	(1,945		)	—			—
Income tax effect	681			—			—
Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges	(1,264		)	—			—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax effect	7,996			(9,182		)	1,309
Comprehensive income	$	51,210		$	23,512		$	25,127

(1) Includes immaterial gains or losses on foreign currency items for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. There were no foreign currency items for the year ended December 31, 2012.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012

(dollars in thousands)



	Shares of Common Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid in Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock			Total
Balance, January 1, 2012	11,347,683		$	11,395	$	122,602	$	14,496		$	(245	)	$	(500	)	$	147,748
Net income							23,818									23,818
Other comprehensive income										1,309						1,309
Share-based compensation expense					2,014											2,014
Issuance of common stock, net of costs of $4,970	7,111,819		7,112		87,474											94,586
Balance, December 31, 2012	18,459,502		18,507		212,090		38,314			1,064			(500		)	269,475
Net Income							32,694									32,694
Other comprehensive loss										(9,182		)				(9,182		)
Share-based compensation expense					3,368											3,368
Public offering of common stock, net of costs of $5,994	6,179,104		6,179		91,328											97,507
Exercise and redemption of warrants	46,773		47		217											264
Issuance of common stock under share-based-compensation arrangements	23,413		23		228											251
Repurchase of shares	(484,641	)											(7,754		)	(7,754		)
Balance, December 31, 2013	24,224,151		24,756		307,231		71,008			(8,118		)	(8,254		)	386,623
Net income							43,214									43,214
Other comprehensive income										7,996						7,996
Stock dividend	2,429,375		2,429		43,364		(45,801		)							(8		)
Share-based compensation expense					4,209											4,209
Exercise of warrants	546		1		5											6
Issuance of common stock under share-based-compensation arrangements	91,457		92		1,013											1,105
Balance, December 31, 2014	26,745,529		$	27,278	$	355,822	$	68,421		$	(122	)	$	(8,254	)	$	443,145

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	43,214		$	32,694		$	23,818
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Provision for loan losses, net of change to FDIC receivable	14,747			2,236			14,270
Loss contingency	—			2,000			—
Provision for depreciation and amortization	3,604			3,129			2,024
Share-based compensation expense	5,237			3,368			2,014
Deferred taxes	(6,187		)	2,210			(3,731		)
Net amortization of investment securities premiums and discounts	821			475			3,062
Gain on sale of investment securities	(3,191		)	(1,274		)	(9,017		)
Gain on sale of mortgages and other loans	(5,344		)	(852		)	(357		)
Origination of loans held for sale	(18,138,339		)	(20,670,866		)	(13,410,485		)
Proceeds from the sale of loans originated as held for sale	17,553,196			21,360,465			12,145,595
Net increase in FDIC loss sharing receivable	(2,409		)	(1,610		)	(3,838		)
Accretion of fair value discounts	(273		)	(912		)	(240		)
Loss on sales of other real estate owned	966			732			1,228
Valuation and other adjustments to other real estate owned	1,979			839			295
Earnings on investment in bank-owned life insurance	(3,702		)	(2,482		)	(1,458		)
Increase in accrued interest receivable and other assets	(16,423		)	(15,091		)	(9,587		)
Increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities	9,606			6,974			4,346
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities	(542,498		)	722,035			(1,242,061		)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchases of investment securities available for sale	(164,940		)	(542,110		)	(114,049		)
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments on investment securities available for sale	49,195			25,109			31,420
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale	213,249			135,193			309,221
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments on investment securities held to maturity	—			—			50,968
Net (increase) decrease in loans	(1,814,196		)	(1,008,410		)	61,202
Purchase of loan portfolios	(309,927		)	(164,033		)	(63,246		)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for investment	162,724			11,624			4,502
Net purchases of bank-owned life insurance	(30,465		)	(45,465		)	(25,465		)
Net purchases of FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock	(39,578		)	(12,261		)	(8,345		)
Reimbursements from the FDIC on loss sharing agreements	5,446			6,726			6,573
Purchases of bank premises and equipment	(1,419		)	(3,894		)	(2,713		)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	7,991			9,506			12,062
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities	(1,921,920		)	(1,588,015		)	262,130
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase in deposits	1,572,648			519,179			857,791
Net increase in short-term borrowed funds	633,500			208,500			91,000
Proceeds from long-term FHLB borrowings	265,000			35,000			49,000
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net	133,142			60,336			—
Repayment of subordinated debt	(2,000		)	—			—
Exercise and redemption of warrants	6			264			—
Purchase of treasury stock	—			(7,754		)	—
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	77			97,507			94,586
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	2,602,373			913,032			1,092,377
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents	137,955			47,052			112,446
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Beginning	233,068			186,016			73,570
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Ending	$	371,023		$	233,068		$	186,016

(continued)

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)

(in thousands)



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
Supplementary Cash Flow Information
Interest paid	$	37,580	$	24,157	$	21,709
Income taxes paid	29,843		9,815		19,366
Non-cash Items:
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned	$	14,042	$	15,003	$	10,457
Transfer of loans from held for investment to held for sale	164,681		—		—
Transfer of loans from held for sale to held for investment	18,826		—		—
Transfer of held-to-maturity securities to available for sale	—		—		268,671

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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CUSTOMERS BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

Customers Bancorp, Inc. (the “Bancorp” or “Customers Bancorp”) is a bank holding company engaged in banking activities through its wholly owned subsidiary, Customers Bank (the “Bank”). Customers Bancorp also has made certain equity investments through its wholly owned subsidiaries CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Customers Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Customers Bank and non-bank subsidiaries, serve residences and businesses in Southeastern Pennsylvania (Bucks, Berks, Chester, Philadelphia and Delaware Counties), Rye, New York (Westchester County), Hamilton, New Jersey (Mercer County), Boston, Massachusetts, Providence, Rhode Island and Manhattan, New York. In 2011, the Bancorp purchased Berkshire Bancorp, Inc. In 2010, Customers Bank acquired two banks, USA Bank and ISN Bank, in FDIC assisted transactions that expanded its footprint into central New Jersey and southeast New York. The Bank has 14 branches and provides commercial banking products, primarily loans and deposits. Customers Bank provides loan products to customers through its loan production offices in Boston, Massachusetts, Providence, Long Island, Manhattan, New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Bancorp also provides liquidity to residential mortgage originators nationwide through commercial loans to mortgage companies. Customers Bank is subject to regulation of the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities and the Federal Reserve Bank and is periodically examined by those regulatory authorities.

NOTE 2 – ACQUISITION ACTIVITY

Acquisition of Loan Portfolios

In first quarter 2014, Customers Bank purchased $277.9 million of residential adjustable-rate jumbo mortgage loans (indexed to one-year LIBOR) from Michigan-based Flagstar Bank. The purchase price was 100.75% of loans outstanding.

In first quarter 2013, Customers Bank completed the purchase of certain commercial loans from Michigan-based Flagstar Bank. Under the terms of the agreement, Customers Bank acquired $182.3 million in commercial loan and related commitments, of which $155.1 million was drawn at the date of acquisition. Also, as part of the agreement, Customers Bank assumed the leases for two of Flagstar’s commercial lending offices in New England. The purchase price was 98.7% of loans outstanding.

NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Basis of Presentation

The accounting and reporting policies of the Bancorp are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and predominant practices of the banking industry. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, credit deterioration and expected cash flows of purchased-credit-impaired loans, FDIC indemnification asset, the valuation of deferred tax assets, determination of other-than-temporary impairment losses on securities, the fair value of financial instruments, and annual goodwill impairment analysis.

Certain amounts reported in the 2013 and 2012 financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2014 presentation. These reclassifications did not significantly impact the Bancorp’s financial position or results of operations.

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Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the parent company and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Customers Bank, CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd. Customers Bank includes the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary CIC, Inc. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks with a maturity date of three months or less and is recorded at cost. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of their approximate fair value.

Restrictions on Cash and Amounts due from Banks

Customers Bank is required to maintain average balances on hand or with the Federal Reserve Bank. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, these reserve balances were $61.2 million and $50.1 million, respectively.

Investment Securities

Customers Bank acquires securities, largely mortgage-backed securities, to effectively utilize cash and capital and to generate earnings. Security transactions are recorded as of the trade date. Securities are classified at the time of acquisition as available for sale, held to maturity, or trading, and their designation determines their accounting as follows:

Available for sale: Investments securities classified as available for sale are those debt and equity securities that the Bancorp intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Investment securities available for sale are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses are reported as increases or decreases in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of the related deferred tax effect. Realized gains or losses, determined on the basis of the cost of the specific securities sold, are included in earnings and recorded at the trade date. Premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities.

Held to maturity: Investment securities classified as held to maturity are those debt securities that the Bancorp has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs, or changes in general economic conditions. These securities are carried at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premium and accretion of discount, computed by a method which approximates the interest method over the terms of the securities. There are no securities classified as held to maturity as of December 31, 2014 or 2013.

Trading: Investment securities classified as trading as those debt and equity securities that management intends to actively trade. These securities are carried at their current fair value, with changes in fair value reported in income. Customers Bank has not actively traded any securities.

For available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, management must periodically assess whether the securities are other than temporarily impaired. Other-than-temporary impairment means that management believes the security’s reduction in value is due to factors that could include the issuer’s inability to pay interest or dividends, its potential for default, and/or other factors. When a held-to-maturity or available-for-sale debt security is assessed for other-than-temporary impairment, management has to first consider (a) whether the Bancorp intends to sell the security, and (b) whether it is more likely than not that the Bancorp will be required to sell the security prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis.

If one of these circumstances applies to a security, an other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of income equal to the full amount of the decline in fair value below amortized cost. If neither of these circumstances applies to a security, but the Bancorp does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost, an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred that must be separated into two categories: (a) the amount related to credit loss, and (b) the amount related to other factors. In assessing the level of other-than-temporary impairment attributable to credit loss, management compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected with the amortized cost basis of the security. The portion of the total other-than-temporary impairment related to credit loss is recognized in earnings (as the difference between the fair value and the present value of the estimated cash flows), while the amount related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income. The total other-than-temporary impairment loss is presented in the statement of income, less the portion recognized in other comprehensive income. When a debt security becomes other-than-temporarily impaired, its amortized cost basis is reduced to reflect the portion of the total impairment related to credit loss.

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For marketable equity securities, the Bancorp considers the issuer’s financial condition, capital strength and near term prospects to determine whether an impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary. The Bancorp also considers the volatility of a security’s price in comparison to the market as a whole and any recoveries or declines in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date. If management determines that the impairment is other-than-temporary, the entire amount of the impairment as of the balance sheet date is recognized in earnings even if the decision to sell the security has not been made. The fair value of the security becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment and is not adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value.

Loan Accounting Framework

The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan, and on whether the loan was credit impaired at the date of acquisition. The Bank accounts for loans based on the following categories:


•	Loans Held for Sale


•	Loans at Fair Value


•	Loans Receivable


•	Purchased loans


•	Loans receivable covered under Loss Sharing Agreements with the FDIC

The following provides a detailed discussion of the accounting for loans in these categories:

Loans Held for Sale and Loans at Fair Value

Loans originated by the Bank with the intent to sell in the secondary market are carried either at the lower of cost or fair value, determined in the aggregate, or at fair value, depending upon the election made at the time the loan is made. These loans are sold on a non-recourse basis with servicing released. Gains and losses on the sale of loans accounted for at lower of cost or fair value are recognized in earnings based on the difference between proceeds received and the carrying amount of the loans, inclusive of deferred origination fees and costs, if any. As a result of changes in events and circumstances or developments regarding management’s view of the foreseeable future, loans not originated or acquired with the intent to sell may subsequently be designated as held for sale. These loans are transferred to the held-for-sale portfolio at the lower of amortized cost or fair value.

Loans originated by the Bank with the intent to sell for which fair value accounting is elected are marked to fair value with any difference between the proceeds received and the carrying amount of the loan recognized in earnings. No fees or costs related to such loans are deferred, so they do not affect the gain or loss calculation at the time of sale.

Certain lending transactions documented under a Master Repurchase Agreement originated after July 1, 2012 are also carried at fair value based on an election of the fair value option. This election was in accordance with the parameters established by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC ") 825-10-25, Financial Instruments-Overall-Recognition: The Fair Value Option. As a result of this election, these lending transactions are classified as “Loans held for sale” and are carried at fair value on the balance sheet with unrealized changes in fair value presented in earnings.

An allowance for loan losses is not maintained relative to loans classified as held for sale as either the lower cost or market or fair value has an embedded mark for credit losses.

Loans Receivable

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of an allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the yield (interest income) of the related loans using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments. The Bank is generally amortizing these amounts over the contractual life of the loans.

The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or when management has doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is well secured. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. Interest received on non-accrual loans is applied against principal until all principal has been repaid. Thereafter, interest payments are recognized as income until all unpaid interest has

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been received. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current and has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a minimum of six months and the ultimate collectibility of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

Transfers of financial assets, including loan participations sold, are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered (settlement date). Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Bank, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Bank does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Purchased Loans

The Bancorp believes that the varying circumstances under which it purchases loans and the diverse quality of loans purchased should drive the decision as to whether loans in a portfolio should be deemed to be purchased-credit-impaired loans. Therefore, loan purchases are and will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine the appropriate accounting treatment. Loans acquired that do not have evidence of credit deterioration at the purchase date are and will be accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-20, Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs, and loans acquired with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are and will be accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality.

Loans that are purchased that do not have evidence of credit deterioration

Purchased performing loans are recorded at fair value and include credit and interest rate marks associated with acquisition accounting adjustments, as accounted for under the contractual cash flow method of accounting. The fair value adjustment is accreted as an adjustment to yield over the estimated contractual lives of the loans. There is no allowance for loan losses established at the acquisition date for the acquired performing loans. A provision for loan losses is recorded for any credit deterioration in these loans subsequent to acquisition.

Loans that are purchased that have evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected

For purchases of this type of loan, evidence of deteriorated credit quality may include past-due and non-accrual status, borrower credit scores and recent loan-to-value percentages.

The fair value of loans with evidence of credit deterioration is recorded net of a nonaccretable difference and accretable yield. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is the nonaccretable difference, which is not included in the carrying amount of acquired loans. Subsequent to acquisition, estimates of cash flows expected to be collected are updated each reporting period based on updated assumptions regarding default rates, loss severities, and other factors that are reflective of current market conditions. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses. Subsequent increases in cash flows result in a reversal of the provision for loan losses to the extent of prior charges, or a reclassification of the difference from nonaccretable to accretable with a positive impact on accretion of interest income in future periods. Further, any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of those cash flows.

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Loans Receivable Covered Under Loss Sharing Agreements

Loans acquired in the FDIC assisted transactions in 2010 from USA Bank and ISN Bank are subject to loss sharing agreements with the FDIC. These loans are referred to as “covered loans” and had outstanding balances of 42.2 million and 66.7 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through provisions for loan losses charged against net interest income. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for loan losses, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered appropriate to absorb probable loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the reporting date.

The Bank disaggregates its loan portfolio into groups for purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses.

The Bank’s portfolio groups include multi-family, commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction, residential real estate, mortgage warehouse, manufactured housing, consumer, and PCI loans. The Bank further disaggregates its residential real estate portfolio into two classes based upon certain risk characteristics; first mortgages and home equity. The remaining portfolio groups are also considered classes for purposes of monitoring and assessing credit quality based on certain risk characteristics. Additionally, within each loan group the acquired loans that are accounted for under ASC 310-10 are further segregated.

The total allowance for loan losses consists of an allowance for impaired loans, a general allowance for losses, and may also include residual non-specific reserve amounts. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that are estimated to have been incurred. Management performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance, which is based on the Bank’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The Bank’s current methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses is based on historical loss rates, risk ratings, specific allocation on loans identified as impaired above specified thresholds and other qualitative adjustments.

The impaired loan component relates to loans for which it is likely that the Bank will be unable to collect all contractual principal and interest due. For such loans, an allowance is established when the (i) discounted cash flows, (ii) collateral value, or (iii) the impaired loan value is lower than the carrying value of the loan.

The general component of the reserve for loan losses covers pools of loans by loan class including commercial loans not considered impaired, as well as smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as residential real estate, home equity loans, home equity lines of credit and other consumer loans. These pools of loans are evaluated for loss exposure based upon loan risk ratings and historical loss rates for each of these categories of loans, adjusted for relevant qualitative factors. These qualitative risk factors include:


•	Lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and historical-based loss/collection, charge-off, and recovery practices.


•	National, regional, and local economic and business conditions as well as the condition of various market segments, including the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans.


•	Nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans.


•	Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff.


•	Volume and severity of past due, classified and non-accrual loans as well as trends and other loan modifications.


•	Existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations.

Each factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on management’s best judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation.

A residual reserve may be maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The residual reserve amount reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.

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Commercial and industrial loans are underwritten after evaluating historical and projected profitability and cash flow to determine the borrower’s ability to repay their obligation as agreed. Commercial and industrial loans are made primarily based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral supporting the loan facility. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial and industrial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment.

Construction loans are underwritten based upon a financial analysis of the developers and property owners and construction cost estimates, in addition to independent appraisal valuations. These loans will rely on the value associated with the project upon completion. These cost and valuation estimates may be inaccurate. Construction loans generally involve the disbursement of substantial funds over a short period of time with repayment substantially dependent upon the success of the completed project. Sources of repayment of these loans would be permanent financing upon completion or sales of developed property. These loans are closely monitored by onsite inspections and are considered to be of a higher risk than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to general economic conditions, availability of long-term financing, interest rate sensitivity, and governmental regulation of real property.

Commercial real estate and multi-family loans are subject to the underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial loans, in addition to those underwriting standards for real estate loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow dependent and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Repayment of these loans is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the principal business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate and multi-family loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or the economy in general. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate and multi-family loans based on collateral and risk-rating criteria. The Bank also utilizes third-party experts to provide environmental and market valuations. The nature of commercial real estate and multi-family loans makes them more difficult to monitor and evaluate.

Residential real estate loans are secured by one to four dwelling units. This group is further divided into first mortgage and home equity loans. First mortgages have limited risk as they are originated at a loan to value ratio of 80% or less. Home equity loans have additional risks as a result of typically being in a second position or lower in the event collateral is liquidated.

Manufactured housing loans represent loans that are secured by the personal property where the borrower may or may not own the underlying real estate and therefore have a higher risk than a residential real estate loan.

Home equity / other consist of loans to individuals originated through the Bank’s retail network and are typically unsecured or secured by personal property. Consumer loans have a greater credit risk than residential loans because of the difference in the underlying collateral, if any. The application of various federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.

Delinquency monitoring is used to identify credit risks, and the general reserves are established based on the expected net charge-offs, adjusted for qualitative factors. Loss rates are based on the average net charge-off history by portfolio segment. Historical loss rates may be adjusted for significant factors that, in management’s judgment, are necessary to reflect losses inherent in the portfolio. Factors that management considers in the analysis include the effects of the national and local economies; trends in the nature and volume of delinquencies, charge-offs and trends in non-accrual loans; changes in loan mix; risk management and loan administration; changes in the internal lending policies and credit standards and collection practices.

Charge-offs on the commercial and industrial, construction, multi-family and commercial real estate loan segments are recorded when management estimates that there are insufficient cash flows to repay the loan contractual obligation based upon financial information available and valuation of the underlying collateral. Additionally, the Bank takes into account the strength of any guarantees and the ability of the borrower to provide value related to those guarantees in determining the ultimate charge-off or reserve associated with any impaired loans. Accordingly, the Bank may charge-off a loan to a value below the net appraised value if it believes that an expeditious liquidation is desirable in the circumstance and it has legitimate offers or other indications of interest to support a value that is less than the net appraised value. Alternatively, the Bank may carry a loan at a value that is in excess of the appraised value if the Bank has a guarantee from a borrower that the Bank believes has realizable value. In evaluating the strength of any guarantee, the Bank evaluates the financial wherewithal of the guarantor, the guarantor’s reputation, and the guarantor’s willingness and desire to work with the Bank. The Bank then conducts a review of the strength of a guarantee on a frequency established as the circumstances and conditions of the borrower warrant.

The Bank records a loan charge-off for the residential real estate, consumer, and manufactured housing loans after 120 days of delinquency or sooner when cash flows are determined to be insufficient for repayment. The Bank may also charge-off these loan types below the net appraised valuation if the Bank holds a junior mortgage position in a piece of collateral whereby the risk to acquiring control of the property through the purchase of the senior mortgage position is deemed to potentially increase

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the risk of loss upon liquidation due to the amount of time to ultimately market the property and the volatile market conditions. In such cases, the Bank may abandon its junior mortgage and charge-off the loan balance in full.

Estimates of cash flows expected to be collected for PCI loans are updated each reporting period. If the Bank estimates decreases in expected cash flows to be collected after acquisition, the Bank charges the provision for loan losses and establishes an allowance for loan losses.

Credit Quality Factors

Commercial and industrial, multi-family, commercial real estate, residential real estate and construction loans are each assigned a numerical rating of risk based on an internal risk rating system. The risk rating indicates management's estimate of the credit quality and the rating is assigned at loan origination and reviewed on a periodic or on an “as needed” basis. Consumer and manufactured housing loans are evaluated based on the payment activity of the loan. Risk ratings are not established for home equity loans, consumer loans, manufactured housing loans, and installment loans, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of homogenous loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based on aggregate payment history (through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends). For additional information about credit quality factor ratings refer to “NOTE 8 – “LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES.”

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for both covered and non-covered loans for commercial and construction loans by the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The fair value of the collateral is measured based on the value of the collateral securing the loans, less cost to sell. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of Customers Bank's collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Bank using observable market data. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivable collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports.

Covered loans are subject to the Bank’s internal and external credit review and monitoring that is applied to the non-covered loan portfolio. If credit deterioration is experienced subsequent to the initial acquisition as indicated above, such deterioration will be measured, and a provision for loan losses will be charged to earnings. These provisions will be offset by an increase to the FDIC loss sharing receivable for the estimated portion anticipated to be received from the FDIC.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is recognized as an asset and is reviewed for impairment annually as of October 31 and between annual tests when events and circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. A qualitative factor test can be performed to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. If the results of the qualitative review indicate that it is unlikely (less than 50% probability) that the carrying value of the reporting unit is less than its fair value, no further evaluation needs to be performed. As part of its qualitative assessment, the Bancorp reviewed regional and national trends in current and expected economic conditions, examining indicators such as GDP growth, interest rates and unemployment rates. Customers Bank also considered its own historical performance, expectations of future performance and other trends specific to the banking industry. Based on its qualitative assessment, the Bancorp determined that there was no impairment on the goodwill balance. There was 3.7 million of Goodwill at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

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FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock

FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank, and other restricted stock represents required investment in the capital stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), the Federal Reserve Bank, and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank and is carried at cost. Total restricted stock as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $82.0 million and $42.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013 there was $71.6 million and $32.1 million of FHLB stock, respectively.

Other Real Estate Owned

Real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure establishing a new cost basis. After foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the real estate is carried at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less the cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in the statement of income. Certain other real estate owned that was acquired from USA Bank and ISN Bank or through the foreclosure of loans of those banks is subject to Loss Sharing Agreements with the FDIC. As of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, other real estate owned subject Loss Sharing Agreements with the FDIC was $9.4 million and $7.0 million, respectively.

FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable

The FDIC loss sharing receivable is measured separately from the related covered assets because it is not contractually embedded in the assets and is not transferrable if the assets are sold. The FDIC loss sharing receivable was initially recorded at fair value, based on the discounted value of expected future cash flows under the loss share agreements. The difference between the present value and the undiscounted cash flows the Bank expects to collect from the FDIC is accreted into interest income over the life of the FDIC loss sharing receivable.

The FDIC loss sharing receivable is reviewed quarterly and adjusted for changes in expected cash flows based on recent performance and expectations for future performance of the covered portfolio. These adjustments are measured on the same basis as the related covered loans and covered other real estate owned. Increases in estimated cash flows on the covered assets will reduce the FDIC loss sharing receivable and decreases in estimated cash flows on the covered assets will increase the FDIC loss sharing receivable. Increases to the FDIC loss sharing receivable are recorded as a reduction to the provision for loan losses and decreases to the FDIC loss sharing receivable are recorded either as an increase to the provision for loan losses (to the extent an increase in the FDIC receivable balance was previously recorded as a reduction to the provision for loan losses) or recognized over the life of the loss share agreements.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

Bank-owned life insurance policies insure the lives of officers of the Bank, and name the Bank as beneficiary. Non-interest income is generated tax-free (subject to certain limitations) from the increase in value of the policies’ underlying investments made by the insurance company. The Bank is capitalizing on the ability to partially offset costs associated with employee compensation and benefit programs with the bank-owned life insurance.

Bank Premises and Equipment

Bank premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or estimated useful life, unless extension of the lease term is reasonably assured.

Treasury Stock

Common stock purchased for treasury is recorded at cost. No treasury stock has been reissued.

Income Taxes

The Bancorp accounts for income taxes under the liability method of accounting for income taxes. The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Bancorp determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur.

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A tax position is recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the term upon examination includes resolution of the related appeals or litigation process. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment.

In assessing the realizability of federal or state deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and prudent, feasible and permissible as well as available tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible as well as available tax planning strategies, management believes it is more likely than not that the Bancorp will realize the benefits of these deferred tax assets.

Share-Based Compensation

Customers Bancorp has four active share-based compensation plans. Share-based compensation accounting guidance requires that the compensation cost relating to share-based-payment transactions be recognized in financial statements. That cost is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued.

Compensation cost for all share awards is calculated and recognized over the employees’ service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with cliff-vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of Customers Bancorp’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.

In 2014, the shareholders of the Bancorp approved an employee stock purchase plan. Since purchase price under the plan is 85% of (a 15% discount to) the fair market value of a share of common stock on the first day of each quarterly subscription period, the plan is considered to be a compensatory plan under current accounting guidance. Therefore, the entire amount of the discount is recognizable compensation expense.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging

ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides the disclosure requirements for derivatives and hedging activities with the intent to provide users of financial statements with an enhanced understanding of: (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how the entity accounts for derivative instruments and related hedged items, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Further, qualitative disclosures are required that explain the Bancorp’s objectives and strategies for using derivatives, as well as quantitative disclosures about the fair value of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments.

As required by ASC 815, Customers Bancorp records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether Customers Bank has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. The Bancorp may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of its risks, even though hedge accounting does not apply or the Bancorp elects not to apply hedge accounting.

Prior to first quarter 2014, none of Customer Bancorp’s financial derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge relationships in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. As such, all changes in fair value of the financial derivatives were

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recognized directly in earnings. In March 2014, Customers Bancorp entered into a $150.0 million notional balance forward starting pay fixed interest rate swap to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the forecasted issuance of debt. The Bancorp documented and designated this swap as a cash flow hedge. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of financial derivatives designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges is recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the financial derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to financial derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt.

Customers Bancorp purchased credit derivatives with a notional balance of $13.4 million to hedge the performance risk of one of its counterparties during first quarter 2014. These derivatives were not designated in hedge relationships for accounting purposes and are being recorded at their fair value, with fair value changes recorded directly in earnings.

In accordance with the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance, Customers Bancorp made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income includes changes in unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale arising during the period and reclassification adjustments for realized gains and losses on securities available for sale included in net income. Unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale include a component for unrealized changes in foreign currency exchange rates relating to the Bancorp’s investment in certain foreign equity securities. Other comprehensive income also includes the effective portion of changes in fair value of financial derivatives designated as qualifying as cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedge amounts classified as comprehensive income are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share represents net income divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share includes all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares that may be issued related to outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants are determined using the treasury stock method.

Segment Information

Customers Bancorp, Inc. has one reportable segment, “Community Banking.” All of the Company’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each of the activities of the Company supports the others. For example, lending is dependent upon the ability of the Company to fund itself with deposits and borrowings while managing the interest rate and credit risk. Accordingly, all significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of the Bank as one segment or unit.

Accounting Changes

The Fair Value Option

We elected the fair value option for loans to provide liquidity to mortgage bankers under a Master Repurchase Agreement originated after July 1, 2012 in order to more accurately represent the short term nature of the transaction and its inherent credit risk. This adoption is in accordance with the parameters established by ASC 825-10-25, Financial Instruments-Overall-Recognition: The Fair Value Option. As a result of this election, new warehouse lending transactions are classified as “Loans held for sale” on the balance sheet. The interest income from the warehouse lending transactions are classified in “Interest Income – Loans held for sale” on the consolidated statements of income. An allowance for loan losses is not recorded for the warehouse lending transactions when measured at fair value since under ASC 825, the exit price (the repurchase price) for warehouse lending transactions considers the effect of expected credit losses.

We also elected to use fair value accounting for residential mortgage loans originated after October 1, 2013 with the intent to sell at time of origination. The accounting for the residential mortgage loans subject to this fair value election follows the

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accounting described for the warehouse loans also subject to the fair value accounting election. The unrealized fair value changes related to these loans are classified in “Mortgage loan and banking income” on the consolidated statements of income.

Change in Accounting Estimates

Estimates of cash flows from purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans were revised during the third quarter of 2012 due to a conversion to a more sophisticated and precise loan valuation system. In accordance with the guidance in ASC 310-30, interest income is based on an acquired loan’s expected cash flows. Complex models are needed to calculate loan-level and/or pool level expected cash flows in accordance with ASC 310-30. The loan data analysis provided by the new software was determined to be a more precise quantification of future cash flows than the analysis that was previously calculated manually. Upon conversion to the new software, acquisition date loan values were loaded into the system and the new software calculated their fair values using its complex valuation model. Conversion to the new system was completed in September 2012. To adjust the acquisition date loan balances recorded on Customers Bank’s books to the amounts calculated by the new software, approximately $4.5 million was recognized as reduction to the provision for loan losses in the third quarter of 2012. The revised valuation for the PCI acquisition date loan balances due to the conversion to the new software was accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate.

When converting to the new software system, we were required to calculate the estimated cash flows from the various acquisition dates of the PCI loans through the date the software was implemented as it was impracticable to perform these calculations on a monthly or quarterly basis. In the third quarter of 2012, approximately $4.5 million was recognized in interest income related to this change. The impact of the revised valuation of cash flows for the PCI loan activity due to the conversion to the new software was accounted for prospectively as a change in accounting estimate.

Also during the third quarter of 2012, we re-estimated the cash flows for the PCI loans using current data. The re-estimated expected cash flows decreased from prior estimated cash flows. Consistent with ASC 310-10’s fundamental premise that a decrease in expected cash flows results in accrual of a loss contingency and should not result in a change in yield, we evaluated the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses for PCI loans and determined that an additional provision for loan losses of $7.5 million was appropriate.

As a result of the changes in estimates, net income for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased by $900,000, net of tax, and basic and diluted earnings increased by $0.06 per share as adjusted for the 2014 stock dividend.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards and Updates

In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Subtopic 815-10): Determining Whether the Host contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument in the Form of a Share is More Akin to Debt or to Equity. The guidance in this ASU requires entities that issue or invest in a hybrid financial instrument to separate an embedded derivative feature from a host contract and account for the feature as a derivative. In the case of derivatives embedded in a hybrid financial instrument that is issued in the form of a share, that criterion requires evaluating whether the nature of the host contract is more akin to debt or to equity and whether the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative feature are clearly and closely related to the host contract. If the host contract is akin to equity, then equity-like features (for example, a conversion option) are considered clearly and closely related to the host contract and, thus, would not be separated from the host contract. If the host contract is akin to debt, then equity-like features are not considered clearly and closely related to the host contract. In the latter case, an entity may be required to separate the equity-like embedded derivative feature from the debt host contract if certain other criteria in Subtopic 815-15 are met. Similarly, debt-like embedded derivative features may require separate accounting from an equity-like host contract. The guidance in this ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. The Bancorp does not expect this ASU to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-14, Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (Subtopic 310-40): Classification of Certain Government-Guaranteed Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure. The guidance in this ASU affects creditors that hold government-guaranteed mortgage loans, including those guaranteed by the FHA and the VA. It requires that a mortgage loan be derecognized and a separate other receivable be recognized upon foreclosure if the following conditions are met:


1.	The loan has a government guarantee that is not separable from the loan before foreclosure.


2.	At the time of foreclosure, the creditor has the intent to convey the real estate property to the guarantor and make a claim on the guarantee, and the creditor has the ability to recover under that claim.

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3.	At the time of foreclosure, any amount of the claim that is determined on the basis of the fair value of the real estate is fixed.

Upon foreclosure, the separate other receivable should be measured based on the amount of the loan balance (principal and

interest) expected to be recovered from the guarantor. The guidance in this ASU was effective for public business entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014. The guidance may be applied using a prospective transition method in which a reporting entity applies the guidance to foreclosures that occur after the date of adoption, or a modified retrospective transition using a cumulative-effect adjustment (through a reclassification to a separate other receivable) as of the beginning of the annual period of adoption. Prior periods should not be adjusted. A reporting entity must apply the same method of transition as elected under ASU 2014-04. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Bancorp's financial condition or results of operations.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-13, Consolidation (Topic 810): Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity. The guidance in this ASU applies to a reporting entity that is required to consolidate a collateralized financing entity under the Variable Interest Entities guidance when: (1) the reporting entity measures all of the financial assets and the financial liabilities of that consolidated collateralized financing entity at fair value in the consolidated financial statements based on other Codification Topics; and (2) the changes in the fair values of those financial assets and financial liabilities are reflected in earnings. The guidance in this ASU is effective for public business entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period. The Bancorp does not expect this ASU to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operation.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation-Stock Compensation. The guidance in this ASU requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period is treated as a performance condition. As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award. Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite has already been rendered. If the performance target becomes probable of being achieved before the end of the requisite period, the remaining unrecognized cost should be recognized prospectively over the remaining requisite service period. The total amount of compensation cost recognized during and after the requisite service period should reflect the number of awards that are expected to vest and should be adjusted to reflect those awards that ultimately vest. The requisite service period ends when the employee can cease rendering service and still be eligible to vest in the award if the performance target is achieved. As indicated in the definition of vest, the stated vesting period (which includes the period in which the performance target could be achieved) may differ from the requisite service period. The guidance in this ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Bancorp does not expect this ASU to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operation.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-11, Transfers and Servicing. The amendments in this update require that repurchase-to-maturity transactions be accounted for as secured borrowings consistent with the accounting for other repurchase agreements. In addition, the amendments require separate accounting for a transfer of a financial asset executed contemporaneously with a repurchase agreement with the same counterparty (a repurchase financing), which will result in secured borrowing accounting for the repurchase agreement. The amendments require an entity to disclose information about transfers accounted for as sales in transactions that are economically similar to repurchase agreements, in which the transferor retains substantially all of the exposure to the economic return on the transferred financial asset throughout the term of the transaction. In addition the amendments require disclosure of the types of collateral pledged in repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions, and repurchase-to-maturity transactions and the tenor of those transactions. The guidance in this ASU was effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Bancorp's financial condition or results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU establishes a comprehensive revenue recognition standard for virtually all industries in U.S. GAAP, including those that previously followed industry-specific guidance such as the real estate and construction industries. The revenue standard’s core principal is built on the contract between a vendor and a customer for the provision of goods and services. It attempts to depict the exchange of rights and obligations between the parties in the pattern of revenue recognition based on the consideration to which the vendor is entitled. To accomplish this, the standard requires five basic steps: (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) identify the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies the performance obligation. Three basic transition methods are available - full retrospective, retrospective with certain practical expedients, and a cumulative effect approach. Under the cumulative effect alternative, an entity would apply the new revenue standard only to contracts that are

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incomplete under legacy U.S. GAAP at the date of initial application and recognize the cumulative effect of the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The guidance in this ASU is effective for annual periods and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Bancorp does not expect this ASU to have a significant impact on its financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-04, Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. The guidance in this ASU clarifies that an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs, and a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, upon either (1) the creditor obtaining legal title to the residential real estate property upon completion of a foreclosure or (2) the borrower conveying all interest in the residential real estate property to the creditor to satisfy that loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. The ASU also requires additional related interim and annual disclosures. The guidance in this ASU was effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Bancorp's financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-01, Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. This ASU provides guidance on accounting for investments by a reporting entity in flow-through limited liability entities that manage or invest in affordable housing projects that qualify for the low-income housing tax credit. The guidance in this ASU was effective for annual periods and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Bancorp's financial condition or results of operations.

NOTE 4 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following are the components and results of the Bancorp’s earnings per share calculation for the periods presented. Share and per share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the 10% stock dividend declared on May 15, 2014 and issued on June 30, 2014.



	For the Year Ended
	December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net income available to common shareholders	$	43,214	$	32,694	$	23,818
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding – basic	26,719,626		24,485,078		14,758,036
Share-based compensation plans	968,671		464,054		275,771
Warrants	250,707		198,520		131,976
Weighted-average number of common shares – diluted	27,939,004		25,147,652		15,165,783
Basic earnings per share	$	1.62	$	1.34	$	1.61
Diluted earnings per share	1.55		1.30		1.57

The following is a summary of securities that could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented. Share-based compensation awards and eligible warrants have been adjusted to reflect the 10% stock dividend declared on May 15, 2014 and issued on June 30, 2014.



	For the Year Ended
	December 31,
	2014	2013	2012
Anti-dilutive securities:
Share-based compensation awards	135,861	819,539	167,476
Warrants	118,745	118,745	129,946
Total anti-dilutive securities	254,606	938,284	297,422

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NOTE 5 - CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) BY COMPONENT (1)

The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.



	Unrealized Gains
	(Losses) on Available-			Unrealized Losses on
(amounts in thousands)	for-sale Securities (2)			Cash Flow Hedges			Total
Balance, January 1, 2013	$	1,064		$	—		$	1,064
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(8,354		)	—			(8,354		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income to net income (3)	(828		)	—			(828		)
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	(9,182		)	—			(9,182		)
Balance, December 31, 2013	(8,118		)	—			(8,118		)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before
reclassifications	11,334			(1,264		)	10,070
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other
comprehensive income to net income (3)	(2,074		)	—			(2,074		)
Net current-period other comprehensive
income (loss)	9,260			(1,264		)	7,996
Balance, December 31, 2014	$	1,142		$	(1,264	)	$	(122	)

(1) All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate reductions to accumulated other comprehensive income.

(2) Includes immaterial gains or losses on foreign currency items.

(3) Reclassification amounts are reported as gains on sales of investment securities on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

NOTE 6 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of investment securities are summarized as follows:



	December 31, 2014
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Available for Sale:
Mortgage-backed securities (1)	$	376,854	$	2,805	$	(2,348	)	$	377,311
Corporate notes (2)	15,000		104		—			15,104
Equity securities (3)	23,074		1,197		(1		)	24,270
Total	$	414,928	$	4,106	$	(2,349	)	$	416,685



	December 31, 2013
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Available for Sale:
Mortgage-backed securities (1)	$	461,988	$	207	$	(10,659	)	$	451,536
Corporate notes (2)	25,000		344		(21		)	25,323
Equity securities (3)	23,074		—		(2,360		)	20,714
Total	$	510,062	$	551	$	(13,040	)	$	497,573

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(1)	Comprised primarily of mortgage-backed securities issued by government-sponsored agencies, including FHLMC, FNMA, and GNMA.


(2)	Includes subordinated debt issued by other bank holding companies.


(3)	Comprised primarily of equity securities in a foreign entity.

The following table shows proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale investment securities, gross gains, and gross losses on those sales of securities:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investment securities	$	213,249	$	135,193	$	309,221
Gross gains	$	3,191	$	1,274	$	9,017
Gross losses	—		—		—
Net gains	$	3,191	$	1,274	$	9,017

These gains and losses were determined using the specific identification method and were included in non-interest income.

The following table shows investment securities by stated maturity. Investment securities backed by mortgages have expected maturities that differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay, and are, therefore, classified separately with no specific maturity date:



	December 31, 2014
	Available for Sale
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	—		—
Due after five years through ten years	15,000		15,104
Due after ten years	—		—
Mortgage-backed securities	376,854		377,311
Total debt securities	$	391,854	$	392,415

The Bancorp’s investments’ gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position were as follows:



	December 31, 2014
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
Available for Sale:
Mortgage-backed securities (1)	$	60,388	$	(81	)	$	80,426	$	(2,267	)	$	140,814	$	(2,348	)
Corporate notes	—		—			—		—			—		—
Equity securities	—		—			5		(1		)	5		(1		)
Total	$	60,388	$	(81	)	$	80,431	$	(2,268	)	$	140,819	$	(2,349	)

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	December 31, 2013
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
Available for Sale:
Mortgage-backed securities (1)	$	425,623	$	(10,061	)	$	5,274	$	(598	)	$	430,897	$	(10,659	)
Corporate notes	4,982		(18		)	4,997		(3		)	9,979		(21		)
Equity securities (2)	20,714		(2,360		)	—		—			20,714		(2,360		)
Total	$	451,319	$	(12,439	)	$	10,271	$	(601	)	$	461,590	$	(13,040	)


(1)	Comprised primarily of mortgage-backed securities issued by government-sponsored agencies, including FHLMC, FNMA, and GNMA.


(2)	Comprised primarily of equity securities in a foreign entity.

At December 31, 2014, there were eight available-for-sale investment securities in the less-than-twelve-month category and eighteen available-for-sale investment securities in the twelve-month-or-more category. The unrealized losses on the mortgage backed securities are guaranteed by government-sponsored entities and primarily relate to changes in market interest rates. All amounts are expected to be recovered when market prices recover or at maturity. The Company intends to hold these securities for the foreseeable future, and does not intend to sell the securities before the price recovers. Customers considers it more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the securities. Accordingly, Customers has concluded that the securities are not other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2014.

At December 31, 2014 and 2013, Customers Bank had pledged investment securities aggregating $376.9 million and $451.1 million fair value, respectively, as collateral against its borrowings primarily with the FHLB and a unused line of credit with another financial institution. These counterparties do not have the ability to sell or repledge these securities.

NOTE 7 – LOANS HELD FOR SALE

The composition of loans held for sale was as follows:



	December 31,
	2014		2013
(in thousands)
Commercial Loans:
Mortgage warehouse loans at fair value	$	1,332,019	$	740,694
Multi-family loans at lower of cost or fair value	99,791		—
Total Commercial Loans Held for Sale	1,431,810		740,694
Consumer Loans:
Residential mortgage loans at fair value	3,649		6,899
Loans held for sale	$	1,435,459	$	747,593

Effective September 30, 2014, Customers Bank transferred $164.7 million of multi-family loans from loans receivable to held for sale because the Bank was actively marketing these loans and no longer had the intent to retain these loans in its portfolio. Effective December 31, 2014, Customers Bank transferred 18.8 million of these loans back to loans receivable because the Bank no longer has the intent to sell the loans. Customers Bank transfered these loans at their amortized cost, which was lower than the estimated fair value at the time of transfer.

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NOTE 8 – LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

The following table presents loans receivable as of December 31, 2014 and 2013:



	December 31,
	2014			2013
	(in thousands)
Commercial:
Multi-family	$	2,127,034		$	1,063,459
Commercial real estate	1,132,072			724,752
Commercial and industrial	540,430			292,937
Construction	56,669			31,314
Total Commercial Loans	3,856,205			2,112,462

Consumer:
Residential real estate	285,003			145,188
Manufactured housing	126,731			139,471
Home equity / other	1,541			2,144
Total Consumer Loans	413,275			286,803

Total loan receivable not covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements (1)	4,269,480			2,399,265
Commercial:
Commercial real estate	17,585			28,839
Commercial and industrial	2,235			3,658
Construction	6,705			11,603
Multi-family	372			600
Total Commercial Loans	26,897			44,700

Consumer:
Residential real estate	12,392			18,732
Home equity / other	2,892			3,293
Total Consumer Loans	15,284			22,025

Total loan receivable covered under FDIC loss sharing agreements (1)	42,181			66,725
Total all loans	4,311,661			2,465,990
Deferred (fees) costs and unamortized premiums/(discounts), net	512			(912		)
Allowance for loan losses	(30,932		)	(23,998		)
Loans receivable, net	$	4,281,241		$	2,441,080


(1)	Loans that were acquired in the two FDIC assisted transactions and are covered under loss sharing agreements with the FDIC are referred to as “covered” loans throughout these financial statements.

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Non-Covered Loans

The following table summarizes non-covered loans by loan type and performance status as of December 31, 2014 and 2013:



	December 31, 2014
	30-89 Days Past Due (1)		90 Or More Days Past Due (1)		Total Past Due Still Accruing (1)		Non- Accrual		Current (2)		Purchased- Credit- Impaired Loans (3)		Total Loans (4)
	(in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,450	$	1,101,119	$	27,503	$	1,132,072
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		2,124,448		2,586		2,127,034
Commercial and industrial	366		—		366		2,257		536,326		1,481		540,430
Construction	—		—		—		—		56,510		159		56,669
Residential real estate	1,226		—		1,226		849		273,565		9,363		285,003
Home equity / other	—		—		—		—		1,333		208		1,541
Manufactured housing (5)	6,324		4,388		10,712		931		111,072		4,016		126,731
Total	$	7,916	$	4,388	$	12,304	$	7,487	$	4,204,373	$	45,316	$	4,269,480



	December 31, 2013
	30-89 Days Past Due (1)		90 Or More Days Past Due (1)		Total Past Due Still Accruing (1)		Non- Accrual		Current (2)		Purchased- Credit- Impaired Loans (3)		Total Loans (4)
	(in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,948	$	685,999	$	32,805	$	724,752
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		1,060,137		3,322		1,063,459
Commercial and industrial	10		—		10		4,564		284,767		3,596		292,937
Construction	—		—		—		1,584		29,482		248		31,314
Residential real estate	555		—		555		969		133,158		10,506		145,188
Home equity / other	—		—		—		—		1,728		416		2,144
Manufactured housing (5)	7,921		3,772		11,693		448		122,416		4,914		139,471
Total	$	8,486	$	3,772	$	12,258	$	13,513	$	2,317,687	$	55,807	$	2,399,265


(1)	Includes past due loans that are accruing interest because collection is considered probable.


(2)	Loans where next payment due is less than 30 days from the report date.

(3)

Purchased-credit-impaired loans aggregated into a pool are accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, and the past due status of the pools, or that of the individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because of the credit impaired nature of the loans, the loans are recorded at a discount reflecting estimated future cash flows and the Bank recognizes interest income on each pool of loans reflecting the estimated yield and passage of time. Such loans are considered to be performing. Purchased-credit-impaired loans that are not in pools accrete interest when the timing and amount of their expected cash flows are reasonably estimable, and are reported as performing loans.


(4)	Amounts exclude deferred costs and fees, unamortized premiums and discounts, and the allowance for loan losses.


(5)	Manufactured housing loans purchased in 2010 are supported bycash reserves held at the Bank that are used to fund past-due payments when the loan becomes 90 days or more delinquent. Subsequent purchases are subject to varying provisions in the event of borrowers’ delinquencies.

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Covered Loans

The following table summarizes covered loans by class and performance status as of December 31, 2014 and 2013:



	December 31, 2014
	30-89 Days Past Due (1)		90 Days Or More Past Due (1)		Total Past Due Still Accruing (1)		Non- Accrual		Current (2)		Purchased- Credit- Impaired Loans (3)		Total Loans (4)
	(in thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	518	$	—	$	518	$	165	$	361	$	1,191	$	2,235
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		372		—		372
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		615		11,884		5,086		17,585
Construction	—		—		—		2,325		—		4,380		6,705
Residential real estate	—		—		—		1,006		10,782		604		12,392
Home equity / other	147		—		147		135		2,570		40		2,892
Total	$	665	$	—	$	665	$	4,246	$	25,969	$	11,301	$	42,181



	December 31, 2013
	30- 89 Days Past Due (1)		90 Days Or More Past Due (1)		Total Past Due Still Accruing (1)		Non- Accrual		Current (2)		Purchased- Credit- Impaired Loans (3)		Total Loans (4)
	(in thousands)
Commercial and industrial	$	178	$	—	$	178	$	151	$	1,067	$	2,262	$	3,658
Commercial real estate	362		—		362		2,599		17,059		8,819		28,839
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		600		—		600
Construction	—		—		—		2,325		—		9,278		11,603
Residential real estate	90		—		90		564		14,107		3,971		18,732
Home equity / other	56		—		56		11		3,081		145		3,293
Total	$	686	$	—	$	686	$	5,650	$	35,914	$	24,475	$	66,725


(1)	Includes past due loans that are accruing interest because collection is considered probable.


(2)	Purchased loans in FDIC assisted transactions with no evidence of credit deterioration since origination.

(3)


(4)	Amounts exclude deferred costs and fees, unamortized premiums and discounts, and the allowance for loan losses.

Allowance for Loan Losses and FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable

Losses incurred on covered loans are eligible for partial reimbursement by the FDIC. Subsequent to the purchase date, the expected cash flows on the covered loans are subject to evaluation. Decreases in the present value of expected cash flows on the covered loans are recognized by increasing the allowance for loan losses with a related charge to the provision for loan losses. At the same time, the FDIC indemnification asset is increased reflecting an estimated future collection from the FDIC, which is recorded as a reduction to the provision for loan losses. If the expected cash flows on the covered loans increase such that a previously recorded impairment can be reversed, the Bancorp records a reduction in the allowance for loan losses (with a related credit to the provision for loan losses) accompanied by a reduction in the FDIC receivable balance and a charge to the provision for loan losses. Increases in expected cash flows of covered loans and decreases in expected cash flows of the FDIC loss sharing receivable, when there are no previously recorded impairments, are considered together and recognized over the remaining life of the loans as interest income. The FDIC loss sharing receivable balance will be reduced through a charge to the provision for loan losses, with no offsetting reduction to the allowance for loan losses, as the FDIC loss sharing arrangements reach their contractual maturities and the estimated losses in the covered loans have not yet emerged or been realized in a final disposition event. The FDIC loss sharing arrangements for non-single family loans expire in third quarter 2015. The loss sharing arrangements for single family loans expire in third quarter 2020.

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The following table presents changes in the allowance for loans losses and the FDIC loss sharing receivable for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.



	Allowance for Loan Losses For The Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	(in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	23,998		$	25,837		$	15,032
Provision for loan losses (1)	10,058			5,055			16,271
Charge-offs	(4,947		)	(7,338		)	(6,166		)
Recoveries	1,823			444			700
Ending Balance	$	30,932		$	23,998		$	25,837



	FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable For The Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	(in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	10,046		$	12,343		$	13,077
Increased (decreased) estimated cash flows (2)	(4,689		)	2,819			2,001
Other activity, net (a)	2,409			1,610			3,838
Cash receipts from FDIC	(5,446		)	(6,726		)	(6,573		)
Ending Balance	$	2,320		$	10,046		$	12,343

(1) Provision for loan losses	$	10,058		$	5,055		$	16,271
(2) Effect attributable to FDIC loss share arrangements	4,689			(2,819		)	(2,001		)
Net amount reported as provision for loan losses	$	14,747		$	2,236		$	14,270

(a) Includes external costs, such as legal fees, real estate taxes and appraisal expenses, that qualify for reimbursement under loss share arrangements.

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Impaired Loans – Covered and Non-Covered

The following tables present a summary of impaired loans as of the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. Purchased-credit-impaired loans are considered to be performing and are not included in the tables below.



	December 31, 2014
	Recorded Investment Net of Charge Offs		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
	(in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	13,825	$	15,348	$	—	$	13,329	$	674
Commercial real estate	18,977		19,121		—		17,974		887
Construction	2,325		2,325		—		2,415		41
Home equity / other	21		21		—		26		—
Residential real estate	1,455		3,697		—		1,925		13
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	1,833		1,833		818		1,725		28
Commercial real estate	1,410		1,410		304		2,086		39
Construction	—		—		—		851		—
Home equity / other	114		114		32		82		1
Residential real estate	365		365		188		296		1
Total	$	40,325	$	44,234	$	1,342	$	40,709	$	1,684



	December 31, 2013
	Recorded Investment Net of Charge Offs		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
	(in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	13,097	$	13,159	$	—	$	9,953	$	603
Commercial real estate	14,397		15,249		—		22,475		978
Construction	2,777		4,046		—		6,408		6
Home equity / other	—		—		—		90		8
Residential real estate	2,831		2,831		—		2,523		31
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	2,469		3,739		829		1,616		44
Commercial real estate	2,261		3,167		946		7,497		2
Construction	1,132		1,132		351		5,054		—
Home equity / other	64		64		17		48		5
Residential real estate	252		252		199		875		4
Total	$	39,280	$	43,639	$	2,342	$	56,539	$	1,681

Troubled Debt Restructurings

At December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were $5.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively, in loans categorized as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the calendar year of their restructuring and are evaluated to determine whether they should be placed on non-accrual status. In subsequent years, a TDR may be returned to accrual status if it satisfies a minimum six-month performance requirement; however, it will remain classified as impaired. Generally, the Bancorp requires sustained performance for nine months before returning a TDR to accrual status.

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considered a TDR. Accordingly, as each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, modifications of loans within such pools are not considered TDRs.

The following is an analysis of loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring by type of concession at December 31, 2014 and 2013. There were no modifications that involved forgiveness of debt.



	December 31, 2014
	TDRs in Compliance with Their Modified Terms and Accruing Interest		TDRs in Compliance with Their Modified Terms and Not Accruing Interest		Total
	(in thousands)
Extended under forbearance	$	460	$	—	$	460
Multiple extensions resulting from financial difficulty	—		—		—
Interest-rate reductions	231		389		620
Total	$	691	$	389	$	1,080



	December 31, 2013
	TDRs in Compliance with Their Modified Terms and Accruing Interest		TDRs in Compliance with Their Modified Terms and Not Accruing Interest		Total
	(in thousands)
Extended under forbearance	$	—	$	—	$	—
Multiple extensions resulting from financial difficulty	—		—		—
Interest rate reductions	790		448		1,238
Total	$	790	$	448	$	1,238

The following tables provide by class the number of loans modified in troubled debt restructurings and recorded investments at December 31, 2014 and 2013.



	December 31, 2014
	TDRs in Compliance with Their Modified Terms and Accruing Interest			TDRs in Compliance with Their Modified Terms and Not Accruing Interest
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial	—	$	—	—	$	—
Commercial real estate	—	—		—	—
Construction	—	—		—	—
Manufactured housing	4	231		6	389
Residential real estate	—	—		—	—
Home equity / other	11	460		—	—
Total loans	15	$	691	6	$	389

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	December 31, 2013
	TDRs in Compliance with Their Modified Terms and Accruing Interest			TDRs in Compliance with Their Modified Terms and Not Accruing Interest
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial and industrial	—	$	—	—	$	—
Commercial real estate	—	—		—	—
Construction	—	—		—	—
Manufactured housing	8	758		5	448
Residential real estate	—	—		—	—
Home equity / other	1	32		—	—
Total loans	9	$	790	5	$	448

As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in TDRs.

For the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the recorded investment of loans determined to be TDRs was $1.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively, both before and after restructuring. During the year ending December 31, 2014, six TDR loans defaulted with a recorded investment of $0.4 million. During the year ending December 31, 2013, five TDR loans defaulted with a recorded investment of $0.4 million. Since these loans were included in the loan portfolio that is subject to the cash reserve, they will be removed from the loan portfolio when they become ninety days past due.

Loans modified in troubled debt restructurings are evaluated for impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those which have experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for credit losses. There were no specific allowances resulting from TDR modifications during 2014 or 2013.

Credit Quality Indicators

Commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, residential real estate and construction loans are based on an internally assigned risk rating system which are assigned at the loan origination and reviewed on a periodic or on an “as needed” basis. Consumer, mortgage warehouse, multi-family and manufactured housing loans are evaluated based on the payment activity of the loan.

To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction, multi-family and residential real estate classes, and for purposes of analyzing historical loss rates used in the determination of the allowance for loan losses for the respective portfolio class, the Bank utilizes the following categories of risk ratings: pass/satisfactory (includes risk rating 1 through 6), special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. The risk rating categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass/satisfactory ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers who do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for whom there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. Consumer loans are not assigned to a risk rating. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk-rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and allocate the appropriate resources to managing the loans.

The risk rating grades are defined as follows:

“1” – Pass/Excellent

Loans rated 1 represent a credit extension of the highest quality. The borrower’s historic (at least five years) cash flows manifest extremely large and stable margins of coverage. Balance sheets are conservative, well capitalized, and liquid. After considering debt service for proposed and existing debt, projected cash flows continue to be strong and provide ample coverage. The borrower typically reflects broad geographic and product diversification and has access to alternative financial markets.

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“2” – Pass/Superior

Loans rated 2 are those for which the borrower has a strong financial condition, balance sheet, operations, cash flow, debt capacity and coverage with ratios better than industry norms. The borrowers of these loans exhibit a limited leverage position, borrowers are virtually immune to local economies in stable growing industries, and where management is well respected and the company has ready access to public markets.

“3” – Pass/Strong

Loans rated 3 are those loans for which the borrower has above average financial condition and flexibility; more than satisfactory debt service coverage, balance sheet and operating ratios are consistent with or better than industry peers, have little industry risk, move in diversified markets and are experienced and competent in their industry. These borrowers access to capital markets is limited mostly to private sources, often secured, but the borrower typically has access to a wide range of refinancing alternatives.

“4” – Pass/Good

Loans rated 4 have a sound primary and secondary source of repayment. The borrower may have access to alternative sources of financing, bust sources are not as widely available as they are to a higher grade borrower. These loans carry a normal level of risk, with very low loss exposure. The borrower has the ability to perform according to the terms of the credit facility. The margins of cash flow coverage are satisfactory but vulnerable to more rapid deterioration than the higher quality loans.

“5” – Satisfactory

Loans rated 5 are extended to borrowers who are determined to be a reasonable credit risk and demonstrate the ability to repay the debt from normal business operations. Risk factors may include reliability of margins and cash flows, liquidity, dependence on a single product or industry, cyclical trends, depth of management, or limited access to alternative financing sources. The borrower’s historical financial information may indicate erratic performance, but current trends are positive and the quality of financial information is adequate, but is not as detailed and sophisticated as information found on higher grad loans. If adverse circumstances arise, the impact on the borrower may be significant.

“6” – Satisfactory/Bankable with Care

Loans rated 6 are those for which the borrower has higher than normal credit risk; however cash flow and asset values are generally intact. These borrowers may exhibit declining financial characteristics, which increasing leverage and decreasing liquidity and may have limited resources and access to financial alternatives. Signs of weakness in these borrowers may include delinquent taxes, trade slowness and eroding profit margins.

“7” – Special Mention

Loans rated Special Mention are credit facilities that may have potential developing weaknesses and deserve extra attention from the account manager and other management personnel. In the event that potential weaknesses are not corrected or mitigated, deterioration in the ability of the borrower to repay the debt in the future may occur. This grade is not assigned to loans that bear certain peculiar risks normally associated with the type of financing involved, unless circumstances have caused the risk to increase to a level higher than would have been acceptable with the credit was originally approved. Loans where significant actual, not potential, weaknesses or problems are clearly evident are graded in the category below.

“8” – Substandard

Loans are classified Substandard when the loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the weaknesses are not corrected.

“9” – Doubtful

The Bank assigns a doubtful rating to loans that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more

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exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans.

“10” – Loss

The Bank assigns a loss rating to loans considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as an active asset is not warranted. Loss estimates in excess of 30% will result in a loss classification. Amounts classified as loss are immediately charged off.

Risk ratings are not established for home equity loans, consumer loans, and installment loans, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of homogenous loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based upon aggregate payment history through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends and are classified as performing and nonperforming.

The following presents the credit quality tables as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 for the non-covered loan portfolio.



	December 31, 2014
	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Multi-family		Construction		Residential Real Estate		Home equity / other		Manufactured Housing		Total
	(in thousands)
Pass/Satisfactory	$	524,848	$	1,109,565	$	2,127,034	$	56,669	$	283,240	$	—	$	—	$	4,101,356
Special Mention	13,238		16,002		—		—		243		—		—		29,483
Substandard	2,344		6,505		—		—		1,520		—		—		10,369
Performing (1)	—		—		—		—		—		1,541		115,088		116,629
Non-performing (2)	—		—		—		—		—		—		11,643		11,643
Total	$	540,430	$	1,132,072	$	2,127,034	$	56,669	$	285,003	$	1,541	$	126,731	$	4,269,480



	December 31, 2013
	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Multi-family		Construction		Residential Real Estate		Home equity / other		Manufactured Housing		Total
	(in thousands)
Pass/Satisfactory	$	277,491	$	703,636	$	1,062,411	$	29,701	$	142,588	$	—	$	—	$	2,215,827
Special Mention	10,175		11,995		905		29		940		—		—		24,044
Substandard	5,271		9,121		143		1,584		1,660		—		—		17,779
Performing (1)	—		—		—		—		—		2,144		127,330		129,474
Non-performing (2)	—		—		—		—		—		—		12,141		12,141
Total	$	292,937	$	724,752	$	1,063,459	$	31,314	$	145,188	$	2,144	$	139,471	$	2,399,265


(1)	Includes home equity, consumer, and other installment loans not subject to risk ratings.


(2)	Includes loans that are past due and still accruing interest and loans on non-accrual status.

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The following presents the credit quality tables as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 for the covered loan portfolio.



	December 31, 2014
	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Multi-family		Construction		Residential Real Estate		Home equity / other		Total

Pass/Satisfactory	$	1,104	$	10,207	$	372	$	—	$	10,985	$	—	$	22,668
Special Mention	—		5,076		—		—		—		—		5,076
Substandard	1,131		2,302		—		6,705		1,407		—		11,545
Performing	—		—		—		—		—		2,610		2,610
Non-performing (1)	—		—		—		—		—		282		282
Total	$	2,235	$	17,585	$	372	$	6,705	$	12,392	$	2,892	$	42,181



	December 31, 2013
	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Multi-family		Construction		Residential Real Estate		Home equity / other		Total

Pass/Satisfactory	$	1,582	$	17,803	$	600	$	—	$	14,137	$	—	$	34,122
Special Mention	106		3,107		—		—		455		—		3,668
Substandard	1,970		7,929		—		11,603		4,140		—		25,642
Performing	—		—		—		—		—		3,226		3,226
Non-performing (1)	—		—		—		—		—		67		67
Total	$	3,658	$	28,839	$	600	$	11,603	$	18,732	$	3,293	$	66,725


(1)	Includes loans that are past due and still accruing interest and loans on non-accrual status.

The changes in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the loans and allowance for loan losses by class and impairment method as of December 31, are presented in the tables that follow. The amounts presented below for the provision for loan losses do not include expected benefits resulting from the FDIC loss share arrangements for the covered loans.

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Twelve months ended December 31, 2014	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Multi-family		Construction			Residential Real Estate			Manufactured Housing			Home equity / other			Total
	(in thousands)
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2014	$	2,674		$	11,478		$	4,227	$	2,385		$	2,490		$	614		$	130		$	23,998
Charge-offs	(1,155		)	(2,197		)	—		(895		)	(667		)	—			(33		)	(4,947		)
Recoveries	511			1,026			—		13			265			—			8			1,823
Provision for loan losses	2,716			3,265			4,266		(456		)	610			(352		)	9			10,058
Ending Balance, December 31, 2014	$	4,746		$	13,572		$	8,493	$	1,047		$	2,698		$	262		$	114		$	30,932
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	15,658		$	20,387		$	—	$	2,325		$	1,820		$	—		$	135		$	40,325
Collectively evaluated for impairment	524,335			1,096,681			2,124,820		56,510			285,608			122,715			4,050			4,214,719
Loans acquired with credit deterioration	2,672			32,589			2,586		4,539			9,967			4,016			248			56,617
	$	542,665		$	1,149,657		$	2,127,406	$	63,374		$	297,395		$	126,731		$	4,433		$	4,311,661
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	818		$	304		$	—	$	—		$	188		$	—		$	32		$	1,342
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,766			8,336			8,493		424			1,436			92			28			22,575
Loans acquired with credit deterioration	162			4,932			—		623			1,074			170			54			7,015
	$	4,746		$	13,572		$	8,493	$	1,047		$	2,698		$	262		$	114		$	30,932



Twelve months ended December 31, 2013	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Multi- family		Construction			Residential Real Estate			Manufactured Housing			Home equity / other			Residual Reserve			Total
	(in thousands)
Beginning Balance, January 1, 2013	$	1,548		$	13,644		$	1,795	$	3,991		$	3,233		$	750		$	154		$	722		$	25,837
Charge-offs	(1,387		)	(3,358		)	—		(2,096		)	(410		)	—			(87		)	—			(7,338		)
Recoveries	391			42			—		—			2			—			9			—			444
Provision for loan losses	2,122			1,150			2,432		490			(335		)	(136		)	54			(722		)	5,055
Ending Balance, December 31, 2013	$	2,674		$	11,478		$	4,227	$	2,385		$	2,490		$	614		$	130		$	—		$	23,998
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	15,566		$	16,658		$	—	$	3,909		$	3,083		$	—		$	64		$	—		$	39,280
Collectively evaluated for impairment	275,171			695,309			1,060,736		29,482			146,361			134,557			4,812			—			2,346,428
Loans acquired with credit deterioration	5,858			41,624			3,322		9,526			14,477			4,914			561			—			80,282
	$	296,595		$	753,591		$	1,064,058	$	42,917		$	163,921		$	139,471		$	5,437		$	—		$	2,465,990
Allowance for loan losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	829		$	946		$	—	$	351		$	199		$	—		$	17		$	—		$	2,342
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,610			5,415			4,227		267			767			84			38			—			12,408
Loans acquired with credit deterioration	235			5,117			—		1,767			1,524			530			75			—			9,248
	$	2,674		$	11,478		$	4,227	$	2,385		$	2,490		$	614		$	130		$	—		$	23,998

The non-covered manufactured housing portfolio was purchased in August 2010. A portion of the purchase price may be used to reimburse the Bank under the specified terms in the Purchase Agreement for defaults of the underlying borrower and other specified items. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, funds available for reimbursement, if necessary, were $3.0 million and $3.1 million, respectively. Each quarter, these funds are evaluated to determine if they would be sufficient to absorb probable losses within the manufactured housing portfolio.

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The following table presents the changes in accretable yield related to purchased-credit-impaired loans:



	December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	(in thousands)
Accretable yield balance, beginning of period	$	22,557		$	32,174		$	45,358
Accretion to interest income	(3,201		)	(6,213		)	(11,723		)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference and disposals, net	(1,750		)	(3,404		)	(1,461		)
Accretable yield balance, end of period	$	17,606		$	22,557		$	32,174

NOTE 9 – BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

The components of bank premises and equipment were as follows:



		December 31,
	Expected Useful Life	2014			2013
		(in thousands)
Leasehold improvements	3 to 25 years	$	11,680		$	11,507
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	5 to 10 years	4,504			4,353
IT equipment	3 to 5 years	4,696			3,740
Automobiles	5 to 10 years	174			172
		21,054			19,772
Accumulated depreciation		(10,244		)	(8,147		)
Total		$	10,810		$	11,625

Future minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable leases were as follows:



	December 31, 2014
	(in thousands)
2015	$	3,574
2016	3,475
2017	3,265
2018	3,038
2019	2,549
Subsequent to 2019	5,934
Total minimum payments	$	21,835

Rent expense, which includes reimbursements to the lessor for real estate taxes, was approximately $3.1 million, $2.5 million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Bancorp’s leases are for land and branch or office space. A majority of the leases provide for the payment of taxes, maintenance, insurance and certain other expenses applicable to the leased premises. Many of the leases contain extension provisions and escalation clauses. These leases are generally renewable and may, in certain cases, contain renewal provisions and options to expand and contract space and terminate the leases at predetermined contractual dates. In addition, escalation clauses may exist, which are tied to a predetermined rate or may change based on a specified percentage increase or the Consumer Price Index.

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NOTE 10 – DEPOSITS

The components of deposits at December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:



	December 31,
	2014		2013
	(in thousands)
Demand, non-interest bearing	$	546,436	$	478,103
Demand, interest bearing	71,202		58,013
Savings, including money market deposit accounts	2,203,237		1,298,468
Time, $100,000 and over	1,043,265		797,322
Time, other	668,398		328,016
Total deposits	$	4,532,538	$	2,959,922

Time deposits scheduled maturities at December 31, 2014 were as follows:



	December 31, 2014
	(in thousands)
2015	$	976,051
2016	438,340
2017	198,431
2018	53,927
2019	44,914
Total time deposits	$	1,711,663

The aggregate amount of demand deposit overdrafts that were reclassified as loans were $0.8 million at December 31, 2014, compared to $1.0 million as of December 31, 2013.

Included in the savings balances above were $632.7 million and $277.7 million of brokered money market deposits, respectively, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. Also, included in time, other balances above were $483.2 million and $36.0 million of brokered time deposits, respectively, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013.

NOTE 11 – BORROWINGS

Short-term debt

Short-term debt at December 31, 2014 and 2013 was as follows:



	December 31,
	2014				2013
	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate
(amounts in thousands)
FHLB advances	$	1,298,000	0.29	%	$	611,500	0.26	%
Federal funds purchased	—		—		13,000		0.48
Total short-term debt	$	1,298,000			$	624,500

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The following is a summary of additional information relating to the Bancorp’s short-term debt:



	December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
(amounts in thousands)
FHLB advances:
Maximum outstanding at any month end	$	1,383,000		$	769,750		$	411,000
Average balance during the year	898,396			120,309			74,336
Weighted-average interest rate during the year	0.46		%	0.55		%	0.38		%
Federal funds purchased:
Maximum outstanding at any month end	35,000			125,000			55,000
Average balance during the year	13,312			32,351			4,336
Weighted-average interest rate during the year	0.31		%	0.31		%	0.24		%

At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank had aggregate availability under federal funds lines totaling $95.0 million and $35.0 million, respectively.

Long-term debt

FHLB advances

The contractual maturities of long-term advances from the FHLB were as follows:



	December 31,
	2014				2013
	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate
(amounts in thousands)
2015	$	—	—	%	$	50,000	0.37	%
2016	85,000		0.59		35,000		0.66
2017	180,000		1.21		5,000		3.08
2018	55,000		1.61		5,000		3.31
	$	320,000			$	95,000

Of the $320.0 million of long-term advances enumerated above, all but $10.0 million are fixed rate.

The Bank had a total maximum borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank of $3.2 billion and with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia of $62.7 million at December 31, 2014. The Bank had a total borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank of $1.6 billion and with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia of $92.3 million at December 31, 2013. Amounts can be borrowed as short-term or long-term. As of December 31, 2014, advances under these arrangements were secured by certain assets, which included a blanket lien on securities of $342.0 million and qualifying loans of Customers Bank of $2.9 billion.

Senior notes

On June 26, 2014, the Bancorp closed a private placement transaction in which it issued $25.0 million of 4.625% senior notes due 2019. Interest is paid semi-annually in arrears in June and December.

In July and August 2013, the Bancorp issued $63.3 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2018. The notes bear interest at 6.375% per year which is payable on March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15.

The notes are unsecured obligations of the Bancorp and rank equally with all of its secured and unsecured senior indebtedness.

Subordinated debt

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notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal balance at certain times on or after June 26, 2024.

The subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.

NOTE 12 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

In May 2014, the Bancorp announced that its Board of Directors had declared a 10% stock dividend to all shareholders of record as of May 27, 2014. This special dividend was paid on June 30, 2014 in the form of an aggregate of 2,429,375 additional shares.

In November 2013, the Bancorp announced that its Board of Directors had authorized a stock repurchase plan in which it could acquire up to 5% of its current outstanding shares at prices not to exceed a 20% premium over the current book value. The repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time, and the Bancorp has no obligation to repurchase any amount of its common stock under the program. There was no stock repurchased during 2014 or 2013.

At December 31, 2014, there were warrants outstanding to purchase 635,274 shares of the Bancorp’s common stock. At December 31, 2013, there were warrants outstanding to purchase 635,820 shares of the Bancorp’s common stock. The purchase prices at December 31, 2014 and 2013 ranged from $9.55 per share to $73.01 per share.

NOTE 13 – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

401(k) Plan

Customers Bank has a 401(k) profit sharing plan whereby eligible team members may contribute amounts up to the annual IRS statutory contribution limit. Customers Bank provides a matching contribution equal to 50% of the first 6% of the contribution made by the team member. Employer contributions for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 were $1.0 million, $0.6 million, and $0.3 million, respectively.

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans

Customers Bank entered into a supplemental executive retirement plan (SERP) with its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer that provides annual retirement benefits for a 15-year period upon the later of his reaching the age of 65 or when he terminates employment. The SERP is a defined-contribution type of deferred compensation arrangement that is designed to provide a target annual retirement benefit of $300,000 per year for 15 years starting at age 65, based on an assumed constant rate of return of 7% per year, but that level of retirement benefit is not guaranteed by the Bank, and the ultimate retirement benefit can be less than or greater than the target. The Bank intends to fund its obligations under the SERP with the increase in cash surrender value of a life insurance policy on the life of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer which is owned by the Bank. The present value of the amount owed as of December 31, 2014 was $3.6 million and was included in other liabilities.

NOTE 14 – SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

Summary

During 2010, the shareholders of Customers Bank approved the 2010 Stock Option Plan (“2010 Plan”), and during 2012, the shareholders of Customers Bancorp approved the 2012 Amendment and Restatement of the Customers Bancorp, Inc. Amended and Restated 2004 Incentive Equity and Deferred Compensation Plan (“2004 Plan”). The purpose of these plans is to promote the success and enhance the value of the Bancorp by linking the personal interests of the members of the Board of Directors and employees, officers, and executives of Customers Bank to those of the shareholders of the Bancorp and by providing such individuals with an incentive for outstanding performance in order to generate superior returns to shareholders of the Bancorp. The 2010 Plan and 2004 Plan are intended to provide flexibility to the Bancorp in its ability to motivate, attract, and retain the services of members of the Board of Directors, and employees, officers, and executives of Customers Bank. Stock options and restricted stock units normally vest on the third or fifth anniversary of the grant date provided the grantee remains employed by the Bancorp or continues to serve on the Board. With respect to stock options granted under the 2010 Plan, vested options shall be exercisable only when the Bancorp’s fully diluted tangible book value will have increased by 50% from the date of grant. Certain share-based awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the Plans). No stock options may be exercisable for more than 10 years from the date of grant.

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The 2010 and 2004 Plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The 2010 Plan provides exclusively for the grant of stock options, some or all of which may be structured to qualify as Incentive Stock Options, to employees, officers and executives. The maximum number of shares of common stock which may be issued under the 2010 Plan is 3,666,667 shares. The 2004 Plan provides for the grant of options, some or all of which may be structured to qualify as Incentive Stock Options if granted to employees, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and unrestricted stock to employees, officers, executives, and members of the Board of Directors. The maximum number of shares of common stock which may be issued under the 2004 Plan is 2,750,000 shares. At December 31, 2014, the aggregate number of shares of common stock available for grant under these plans was 2,510,117 shares.

On January 1, 2011, the Bancorp initiated a Bonus Recognition and Retention Program (“BRRP”). This is a restricted stock unit plan. Employees eligible to participate in the BRRP include the Chief Executive Officer and other management and highly compensated employees as determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion. Under the BRRP, a participant may elect to defer not less than 25%, nor more than 50%, of his or her bonus payable with respect to each year of participation. Shares of Voting Common Stock having a value equal to the portion of the bonus deferred by a participant are allocated to an annual deferral account, and a matching amount equal to an identical number of shares of common stock is also allocated to the annual deferral account. A participant becomes 100% vested in the annual deferral account on the fifth anniversary date of the initial funding of the account, provided he or she remains continuously employed by the Bancorp from the date of funding to the anniversary date.

Vesting is accelerated in the event of involuntary termination other than for cause, retirement at or after age 65, death, termination on account of disability, or a change in control of the Bancorp. Participants were first eligible to make elections under the BRRP with respect to their bonuses for 2011 which were payable in the first quarter of 2012. The BRRP does not provide for a specific number of shares to be reserved; by its terms, the award of restricted stock units under this plan is limited by the amount of cash bonuses paid to the participants in the plan. At December 31, 2014, restricted stock units outstanding under this plan totaled 170,429.

Share-based compensation expense relating to stock options and restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods of the awards and is a component of salaries and employee benefits expense. Total share-based compensation expense for 2014, 2013, and 2012 was 5.2 million, 3.4 million, and 2.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2014, there was $9.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to all non-vested share-based compensation awards. This cost is expected to be recognized through December 2017.

In 2014, the shareholders of Customers Bancorp approved the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"). The ESPP is intended to encourage team member participation in the ownership and economic progress of the Bancorp. This plan is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code and is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

Under the ESPP, team members may elect to purchase shares of the Bancorp's common stock through payroll deduction. Since the purchase price under the plan is 85% of (a 15% discount to) the fair market value of a share of common stock on the first day of each quarterly subscription period, the Bancorp's ESPP is considered to be a compensatory plan under current accounting guidance. Therefore, the entire amount of the discount is recognizable compensation expense. ESPP expense for 2014 was $12.0 thousand.

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Stock Options

The Bancorp estimated the fair value of each option on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The risk-free interest rate was based upon the zero-coupon Treasury rates in effect on the grant date of the options. Expected volatility was based upon limited historical information because the Bancorp’s common stock has only been traded since February 2012. Expected life was management’s estimate which took into consideration the five-year vesting requirement and the fact that there have been no exercises since 2010. The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used and the resulting weighted-average fair value of an option.



	2014			2013			2012
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate	2.16		%	1.42		%	1.15		%
Expected dividend yield	—		%	—		%	—		%
Weighted-average expected volatility	18.00		%	13.77		%	17.47		%
Weighted-average expected life (in years)	7.00			7.00			6.98
Weighted-average fair value of each option granted	$	4.52		$	3.17		$	3.04

The following summarizes stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2014:



	Number of Shares		Weighted- average Exercise Price		Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Term in Years	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	(dollars in thousands, except Weighted-average Exercise Price)
Outstanding, January 1, 2014	3,051,939		$	12.42
Issued	130,978		17.78
Forfeited	(12,650	)	17.72
Expired	(2,200	)	27.95
Outstanding, December 31, 2014	3,168,067		$	12.61	7.20	$	21,735
Exercisable at December 31, 2014	13,683		$	16.67	2.53	$	65

A summary of the status of the Bancorp’s non-vested options at December 31, 2014 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2014 is as follows:



	Options		Weighted- average exercise price
Non-vested at January 1, 2014	3,036,056		$	12.42
Granted	130,978		17.78
Forfeited	(12,650	)	17.72
Non-vested at December 31, 2014	3,154,384		12.59

Restricted Stock Units

The fair value of restricted stock units granted under the 2004 Plan is determined based on the market price of the Bancorp’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units granted under the BRRP is measured as of the date on which such portion of the bonus would have been paid but for the deferral.

In February 2012, the Compensation Committee recommended and the Board of Directors approved a restricted stock reward program that has two vesting requirements. The first requirement is that the recipient remains an employee or director through December 31, 2016. The second requirement is that the Bancorp’s Voting Common Stock will have traded at a price greater than $17.18 per share (adjusted for any stock splits or stock dividends) for at least 5 consecutive trading days during the five-year period ending December 31, 2016. This second requirement was satisfied during the fourth quarter of 2013.

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The table below presents the status of the restricted stock units at December 31, 2014 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2014:



	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted- average grant- date fair value
Outstanding and unvested at January 1, 2014	675,638		$	11.81
Granted	156,624		17.65
Vested	(37,857	)	10.91
Forfeited	(5,434	)	13.87
Outstanding and unvested at December 31, 2014	788,971		$	13.00

Customers Bancorp has a policy that permits its directors to elect to receive shares of Voting Common Stock in lieu of their cash retainers. In January 2014, Customers Bancorp issued 28,095 shares of Voting Common Stock with a fair value of $0.5 million to the directors as compensation for their services during 2013. During the year ended December 31, 2014, Customers Bancorp issued 28,235 shares of Voting Common Stock with a fair value of $0.5 million to directors as compensation for their services during 2014. The fair values were determined based on the opening price of the common stock on the day the shares were issued.

NOTE 15 – INCOME TAXES

The components of income tax expense were as follows:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Current	$	26,361		$	15,394	$	16,003
Deferred	(6,187		)	2,210		(3,731		)
Total	$	20,174		$	17,604	$	12,272

Effective tax rates differ from the federal statutory rate of 35%, which is applied to income before income tax expense, due to the following:



	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2014					2013					2012
	Amount			% of pretax income		Amount			% of pretax income		Amount			% of pretax income
	(dollars in thousands)
Federal income tax at statutory rate	$	22,185		35.00	%	$	17,604		35.00	%	$	12,631		35.00	%
State income tax	1,355			2.14		353			0.70		184			0.51
Tax-exempt interest	(260		)	(0.41	)	(155		)	(0.31	)	(85		)	(0.24	)
Interest disallowance	11			0.02		7			0.01		4			0.01
Bank-owned life insurance	(1,296		)	(2.04	)	(868		)	(1.73	)	(466		)	(1.29	)
Other	(1,821		)	(2.88	)	663			1.33		4			0.01
Effective income tax rate	$	20,174		31.83	%	$	17,604		35.00	%	$	12,272		34.00	%

Deferred income taxes reflect temporary differences in the recognition of revenue and expenses for tax reporting and financial statement purposes, principally because certain items, such as the allowance for loan losses and loan fees are recognized in different periods for financial reporting and tax return purposes. A valuation allowance has not been established for deferred tax assets. Realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax asset will be realized. Deferred tax assets are recorded in other assets.

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A tax position is recognized if it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than not means a likelihood of more than 50 percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation process, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment.



	December 31,
	2014			2013
	(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for loan losses	$	11,555		$	8,399
Net unrealized losses on securities	—			4,371
OREO expenses	588			403
Non-accrual interest	541			1,236
Net operating losses	1,892			2,003
Deferred compensation	5,112			4,250
Fair value adjustments on acquisitions	—			2,063
Cash flow hedge	681			—
Incentive compensation	1,558			942
Other	1,047			645
Total deferred tax assets	22,974			24,312
Deferred tax liabilities:
Tax basis discount on acquisitions	(1,898		)	(7,998		)
Net unrealized gains on securities	(615		)	—
Deferred loan costs	(4,524		)	(2,438		)
Bank premises and equipment	(991		)	(1,182		)
Other	(1,189		)	(819		)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(9,217		)	(12,437		)
Net deferred tax asset	$	13,757		$	11,875

The Bancorp had approximately $5.4 million of federal net operating loss carryovers at December 31, 2014, that expire in 2023 through 2031.

The Bancorp and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of various states primarily in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Years that remain open for potential review by the Internal Revenue Service are 2011 through 2013 and the state taxing authorities are 2010 through 2013.

The Bancorp’s policy is to record interest and penalties in other expense. Interest and penalties were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

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NOTE 16 – TRANSACTIONS WITH EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

The Bancorp has had, and may be expected to have in the future, banking transactions in the ordinary course of business with its executive officers, directors, principal shareholders, their immediate families and affiliated companies (commonly referred to as related parties), on the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with others. The activity relating to loans to such persons was as follows:



	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
	(in thousands)
Balance – January 1	$	7,273		$	3,272		$	3,657
Additions	5			9,280			14
Repayments	(7,269		)	(5,279		)	(399		)
Balance – December 31	$	9		$	7,273		$	3,272

Some current directors, nominees for director and executive officers of the Bancorp and entities or organizations in which they were executive officers or the equivalent or owners of more than 10% of the equity were customers of and had transactions with or involving the Bancorp in the ordinary course of business during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014. None of these transactions involved amounts in excess of 5% of the Bancorp’s gross revenues during 2014 nor was the Bancorp indebted to any of the foregoing persons or entities in an aggregate amount in excess of 5% of the Bancorp’s total consolidated assets at December 31, 2014. Additional transactions with such persons and entities may be expected to take place in the ordinary course of business in the future.

For the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 the Bancorp has paid approximately $0.2 million, and $0.4 million, respectively to Clipper Magazine and its division, Spencer Advertising Marketing as well as Jaxxon Promotions, Inc. A director of the Bancorp was the Chief Executive Officer of Clipper Magazine until retiring in June 30, 2013. The director remains a 25% shareholder of Jaxxon Promotions, Inc., which the Bancorp paid $46,900 for services for the year ended December 31, 2014.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 the Bancorp has paid approximately $11,300, $3,800, and $6,400, respectively to Jastrem Premium Landscapes. An immediate family member of an Executive Vice President of the Bank is the sole proprietor of Jastrem Premium Landscapes.

NOTE 17 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE-SHEET RISK

The Bancorp is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Bancorp’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bancorp uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

The following financial instruments were outstanding whose contract amounts represent credit risk:



	December 31,
	2014		2013
	(in thousands)
Commitments to fund loans	$	231,294	$	202,809
Unfunded commitments to fund mortgage warehouse loans	713,619		905,442
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit	430,995		177,457
Letters of credit	36,206		29,116
Other unused commitments	7,685		8,010

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Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Mortgage warehouse loan commitments are agreements to purchase mortgage loans from mortgage bankers that agree to purchase the loans back in a short period of time. These commitments generally fluctuate monthly as existing loans are repurchased by the mortgage bankers and new loans are purchased by the Bancorp.

Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The Bancorp evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bancorp upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but may include personal or commercial real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment.

Outstanding letters of credit written are conditional commitments issued by the Bancorp to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The majority of these standby letters of credit expire within the next year. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending other loan commitments. The Bancorp requires collateral supporting these letters of credit as deemed necessary. Management believes that the proceeds obtained through a liquidation of such collateral would be sufficient to cover the maximum potential amount of future payments required under the corresponding guarantees. The current amount of the liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 for guarantees under standby letters of credit issued is not material.

NOTE 18 – REGULATORY MATTERS

The Bank and the Bancorp are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet the minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bancorp’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank and Bancorp must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items, as calculated under the regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank and Bancorp to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets (as defined in the regulations). At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank and Bancorp met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

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To be categorized as well capitalized, an institution must maintain minimum total risk based, Tier 1 risk based and Tier 1 leveraged ratios as set forth in the following table:



	Actual				For Capital Adequacy Purposes				To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
December 31, 2014
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	578,644	11.09	%	$	417,473	8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	621,894	11.98	%	$	415,141	8.0	%	$	518,926	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	437,712	8.39	%	$	208,737	4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	480,963	9.27	%	$	207,570	4.0	%	$	311,356	6.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	437,712	6.69	%	$	261,622	4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	480,963	7.39	%	$	260,462	4.0	%	$	325,577	5.0	%
December 31, 2013
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	411,527	13.21	%	$	249,196	8.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	435,432	14.11	%	$	246,936	8.0	%	$	308,670	10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	387,529	12.44	%	$	124,598	4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	411,434	13.33	%	$	123,468	4.0	%	$	185,202	6.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Customers Bancorp, Inc.	$	387,529	10.11	%	$	153,310	4.0	%	N/A		N/A
Customers Bank	$	411,434	10.81	%	$	152,191	4.0	%	$	190,239	5.0	%

NOTE 19 – DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Bancorp uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to disclose the fair value of its financial instruments. FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the estimated fair value of an entity’s assets and liabilities considered to be financial instruments. For the Bancorp, as for most financial institutions, the majority of its assets and liabilities are considered to be financial instruments. However, many of these instruments lack an available trading market as characterized by a willing buyer and willing seller engaging in an exchange transaction. For fair value disclosure purposes, the Bancorp utilized certain fair value measurement criteria under the FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as explained below.

In accordance with ASC 820, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Bancorp’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, focusing on an exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions and establishes a fair value hierarchy to rank the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions. The fair value hierarchy is defined as follows:

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Level 1:	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2:	Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3:	Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values of the Bancorp’s financial instruments at December 31, 2014 and 2013:

Cash and cash equivalents:

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and short-term instruments approximate those assets’ fair values. These assets are included as Level 1 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Investment securities:

The fair value of investment securities available for sale are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized and foreign securities exchanges (Level 1) and matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. These assets are included as Level 1 and 2, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

The carrying amount of FHLB, Federal Reserve, and other restricted stock approximates fair value and considers the limited marketability of such securities. These assets are included in Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Loans held for sale - Residential mortgage loans:

The Bancorp generally estimates the fair values of loans held for sale based on commitments on hand from investors within the secondary market for loans with similar characteristics. These assets are included as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Loans held for sale - Mortgage warehouse loans:

The fair value of mortgage warehouse loans is the amount of cash initially advanced to fund the mortgage, plus accrued interest and fees, as specified in the respective agreements. The loan is used by mortgage companies as short-term bridge financing between the funding of mortgage loans and the finalization of the sale of the loans to an investor. Changes in fair value are not expected to be recognized since at inception of the transaction the underlying loans have already been sold to an approved investor or they have been hedged by the mortgage company. Additionally, the interest rate is variable, and the transaction is short-term, with an average life of 20 days from purchase to sale. These assets are included as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Loans held for sale - Multi-family loans:

The fair values of multi-family loans held for sale are estimated using pricing indications from letters of intent with third party investors or recent sale transactions within the secondary markets for loans with similar characteristics. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses:

The fair values of loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice

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frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Impaired loans:

Impaired loans are those that are accounted for under ASC 450, Contingencies, in which the Bancorp has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties that collateralize the loans, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

FDIC loss sharing receivable:

The FDIC loss sharing receivable is measured separately from the related covered assets, as it is not contractually embedded in the assets and is not transferable with the assets should the assets be sold. Fair value is estimated using projected cash flows related to the loss sharing agreements based on the estimated losses to be incurred on the loans and the expected reimbursements for losses using the applicable loss share percentages. These cash flows are discounted to reflect the estimated timing of the receipt of the loss share reimbursement from the FDIC. This asset is included as Level 3 fair value, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Other real estate owned:

The fair value of OREO is determined using appraisals, which may be discounted based on management’s review and changes in market conditions (Level 3 inputs). All appraisals must be performed in accordance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. Appraisals are certified to the Bancorp and performed by appraisers on the Bancorp’s approved list of appraisers. Evaluations are completed by a person independent of management. The content of the appraisal depends on the complexity of the property. Appraisals are completed on a “retail value” and an “as is value”. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Accrued interest receivable and payable:

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates its fair value. These assets are included as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Deposit liabilities:

The fair values disclosed for deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, passbook savings and money market deposit accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). These liabilities are included as Level 1 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits. These assets are included as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Federal funds purchased:

For these short-term instruments, the carrying amount is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value. These liabilities are included as Level 1 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Borrowings:

Borrowings consist of long-term and short-term FHLB advances, senior unsecured notes, and subordinated debt. For the short-term borrowings, the carrying amount is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value and is included as Level 1. Fair values of long-term FHLB advances are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new FHLB advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These prices obtained from this active market represent a market value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party. Fair values of privately placed subordinated and senior unsecured debt are estimated by a third-party financial advisor using discounted cash flow analysis, based on market rates currently offered on such debt with similar credit-risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These liabilities are included as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The $63.3 million senior unsecured notes issued during third quarter 2013 are traded on the New York Stock Exchange, and their price can be obtained daily. This fair value measurement is classified as Level 1.

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Derivatives (Assets and Liabilities):

The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using models that incorporate readily observable market data into a market standard methodology. This methodology nets the discounted future fixed cash receipts and the discounted expected variable cash payments. The discounted variable cash payments are based on expectations of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves. In addition, fair value is adjusted for the effect of nonperformance risk by incorporating credit valuation adjustments for the Bancorp and its counterparties. These assets and liabilities are included as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

The fair values of the residential mortgage loan commitments are derived from the estimated fair values that can be generated when the underlying mortgage loan is sold in the secondary market. The Bancorp uses commitments on hand from third party investors to estimate an exit price, and adjusts for the probability of the commitment being exercised based on the Bancorp’s internal experience. These assets and liabilities are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

Off-balance-sheet financial instruments:

Fair values for the Bancorp’s off-balance-sheet financial instruments (lending commitments and letters of credit) are based on fees currently charged in the market to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. These financial instruments are included as Level 2 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Bancorp since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Bancorp’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making these estimates, comparisons between the Bancorp’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

The estimated fair values of the Bancorp’s financial instruments were as follows at December 31, 2014 and 2013.



	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014
					Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(amounts in thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	371,023	$	371,023	$	371,023	$	—	$	—
Investment securities, available for sale	416,685		416,685		24,270		392,415		—
Loans held for sale	1,435,459		1,436,460		—		1,335,668		100,792
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses	4,281,241		4,285,537		—		—		4,285,537
FHLB, Federal Reserve Bank and other restricted stock	82,002		82,002		—		82,002		—
Accrued interest receivable	15,205		15,205		—		15,205		—
FDIC loss sharing receivable	2,320		2,320		—		—		2,320
Derivatives	7,552		7,552		—		7,509		43
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	4,532,538	$	4,540,507	$	546,436	$	3,994,071	$	—
FHLB advances	1,618,000		1,619,858		1,298,000		321,858		—
Other borrowings	88,250		92,069		66,944		25,125		—
Subordinated debt	110,000		111,925		—		111,925		—
Derivatives	9,716		9,716		—		9,716		—
Accrued interest payable	2,599		2,599		—		2,599		—

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	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements at				December 31, 2013
					Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(amounts in thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	233,068	$	233,068	$	233,068	$	—		$	—
Investment securities, available for sale	497,573		497,573		20,714		476,859			—
Loans held for sale	747,593		747,593		—		747,593			—
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses	2,441,080		2,444,900		—		—			2,444,900
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock	42,424		42,424		—		42,424			—
Accrued interest receivable	8,362		8,362		—		8,362			—
FDIC loss sharing receivable	10,046		10,046		—		—			10,046
Derivatives	3,763		3,763		—		3,523			240
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	2,959,922	$	2,919,935	$	478,103	$	2,441,832		$	—
Federal funds purchased	13,000		13,000		13,000		—			—
FHLB advances	706,500		708,025		596,500		111,525			—
Other borrowings	63,250		64,768		64,768		—			—
Subordinated debt	2,000		2,000		—		2,000			—
Derivatives	3,537		3,537		—		3,537			—
Accrued interest payable	1,675		1,675		—		1,675			—

For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:



	December 31, 2014
	Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
(amounts in thousands)
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	377,311	$	—	$	377,311
Corporate notes	—		15,104		—		15,104
Equity securities	24,270		—		—		24,270
Derivatives (1)	—		7,509		43		7,552
Loans held for sale – fair value option	—		1,335,668		—		1,335,668
Total assets - recurring fair value measurements	$	24,270	$	1,735,592	$	43	$	1,759,905
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)	$	—	$	9,716	$	—	$	9,716
Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
Assets
Impaired loans, net of specific reserves of $1,342	$	—	$	—	$	2,380	$	2,380
Other real estate owned	—		—		9,149		9,149
Total assets - nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	11,529	$	11,529

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	December 31, 2013
	Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
(amounts in thousands)
Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
Assets
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	451,536	$	—	$	451,536
Corporate notes	—		25,323		—		25,323
Equity securities	20,714		—		—		20,714
Derivatives (1)	—		3,523		240		3,763
Loans held for sale – fair value option	—		747,593		—		747,593
Total assets - recurring fair value measurements	$	20,714	$	1,227,975	$	240	$	1,248,929
Liabilities
Derivatives (2)	$	—	$	3,537	$	—	$	3,537
Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis:
Assets
Impaired loans, net of specific reserves of $2,342	$	—	$	—	$	3,836	$	3,836
Other real estate owned	—		—		335		335
Total assets - nonrecurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	4,171	$	4,171


(1)	Included in Other Assets


(2)	Included in Other Liabilities

The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2014 and 2013 are summarized as follows:



	Residential Mortgage Loan Commitments
(amounts in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2014	$	240
Issuances	235
Settlements	(432		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	$	43



	Loans Held for Sale (1)			Residential Mortgage Loan Commitments		Total
(amounts in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2013	$	—		$	—	$	—
Transfer from Level 2 to Level 3(1)	3,173			—		3,173
Recoveries	(1,463		)	—		(1,463		)
Sales	(1,013		)	—		(1,013		)
Transfer from loans held for sale to other assets (1)	(697		)	—		(697		)
Issuances	—			240		240
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	—		$	240	$	240


(1)	For additional information, refer to “NOTE 21 –LOSS CONTINGENCY.”

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The Bancorp’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels when events or circumstances warrant transfers.

The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 for which the Bancorp utilized Level 3 inputs to measure fair value:



	Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2014	Fair Value Estimate		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average) (3)
(amounts in thousands)
Impaired loans	$	2,380	Collateral appraisal (1)	Liquidation expenses (2)	(8	)%
Other real estate owned	9,149		Collateral appraisal (1)	Liquidation expenses (2)	(8	)%
Residential mortgage loan commitments	43		Adjusted market bid	Pull-through rate	80	%



	Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2013	Fair Value Estimate		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average) (3)
(amounts in thousands)
Impaired loans	$	3,836	Collateral appraisal (1)	Liquidation expenses (2)	-3% to -8% (-5.5%)
Other real estate owned	335		Collateral appraisal (1)	Liquidation expenses (2)	-3% to -8% (-5.5%)
Residential mortgage loan commitments	240		Adjusted market bid	Pull-through rate	80	%


(1)	Obtained from approved independent appraisers. Appraisals are current and in compliance with credit policy. The Bancorp does not discount appraisals.


(2)	Fair value is adjusted for costs to sell.


(3)	Presented as a percentage of the value determined by appraisal for impaired loans and other real estate owned.

NOTE 20 — DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Risk Management Objectives of Using Derivatives

Customers Bancorp is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. Customers Bancorp manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and durations of its assets and liabilities. Specifically, Customers Bancorp enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. Customers Bancorp’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of Customers Bancorp’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to certain fixed-rate borrowings. Customers Bancorp also has interest-rate derivatives resulting from a service provided to certain qualifying customers, and therefore, they are not used to manage the Bank’s interest-rate risk in assets or liabilities. The Bank manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments used in this customer service in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

Customers Bancorp’s objectives in using interest-rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Bancorp primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest-rate-risk management strategy. Interest-rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Bancorp's making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During 2014, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with a forecasted issuance of debt. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is to be recognized directly in earnings. During 2014, Customers Bancorp did not record any hedge ineffectiveness.

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Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Bancorp’s variable-rate debt. The Bancorp does not expect to reclassify any amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense during the next 12 months as Customers Bancorp’s derivatives are effective after April 2016.

Customers Bancorp is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions over a maximum period of 24 months (excluding forecasted transactions related to the payment of variable interest on existing financial instruments).

At December 31, 2014, Customers Bancorp had one outstanding interest rate derivative with a notional amount of $150.0 million that was designated as a cash flow hedge of interest rate risk. The hedge expires in April of 2019.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Bank executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies (typically the loan customers will swap a floating rate loan to a fixed rate loan). The customer interest rate swaps are simultaneously offset by interest rate swaps that the Bank executes with a third party in order to minimize interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. Since the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting third-party market swaps are recognized directly in earnings. At December 31, 2014, the Bancorp had 44 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $251.9 million related to this program. At December 31, 2013, the Bancorp had 28 interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $150.3 million related to this program.

The Bank enters into residential mortgage loan commitments in connection with its mortgage banking activities to fund mortgage loans at specified rates and times in the future. These commitments are short-term in nature and generally expire in 30 to 60 days. The residential mortgage loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale are considered derivative instruments under applicable accounting guidance and are reported at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded directly to earnings. At December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Bank had an outstanding notional balance of residential mortgage loan commitments of $3.8 million and $7.1 million, respectively.

During first quarter 2014, the Bank purchased credit derivatives to hedge the performance risk associated with one of its counterparties. These derivatives are not designated as hedging instruments and are reported at fair value, with changes in fair value reported directly in earnings. At December 31, 2014, the Bank had an outstanding notional balance of credit derivatives of $13.4 million.

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet

The following table presents the fair value of the Bancorp’s derivative financial instruments as well as the classification on the balance sheet.



	December 31, 2014
	Derivative Assets			Derivative Liabilities
	Balance Sheet			Balance Sheet
	Location	Fair Value		Location	Fair Value
(amounts in thousands)
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	$	—	Other liabilities	$	1,945
Total		$	—		$	1,945
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	$	7,332	Other liabilities	$	7,771
Credit contracts	Other assets	177		Other liabilities	—
Residential mortgage loan commitments	Other assets	43		Other liabilities	—
Total		$	7,552		$	7,771

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	December 31, 2013
	Derivative Assets			Derivative Liabilities
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
(amounts in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	$	3,523	Other liabilities	$	3,537
Residential mortgage loan commitments	Other assets	240		Other liabilities	—
Total		$	3,763		$	3,537

Effect of Derivative Instruments on Comprehensive Income

The following table presents the effect of the Bancorp’s derivative financial instruments on comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. Interest rate swap income amounts include premiums received from Bank customers.



	December 31, 2014
	Income Statement Location	Amount of income (loss) recognized in earnings
(amounts in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other non-interest income	$	550
Credit Contracts	Other non-interest income	(91		)
Residential mortgage loan commitments	Mortgage loan and banking income	(197		)
Total		$	262



	December 31, 2013
	Income Statement Location	Amount of income recognized in earnings
(amounts in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other non-interest income	$	711
Residential mortgage loan commitments	Mortgage loan and banking income	240
Total		$	951



	December 31, 2014
				Location of Gain	Amount of Gain (Loss)
	Amount of Loss			(Loss) Reclassified	Reclassified from
	Recognized in OCI on			from Accumulated	Accumulated OCI into
	Derivatives (Effective			OCI into Income	Income (Effective
	Portion) (1)			(Effective Portion)	Portion)
(amounts in thousands)
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps	$	(1,264	)	Interest expense	$	—

(1) Net of taxes

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

By entering into derivative contracts, the Bank is exposed to credit risk. The credit risk associated with derivatives executed with Bank customers is the same as that involved in extending the related loans and is subject to the same standard credit

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policies. To mitigate the credit-risk exposure to major derivative dealer counterparties, the Bancorp only enters into agreements with those that maintain credit ratings of high quality.

Agreements with major derivative dealer counterparties contain provisions whereby default on any of the Bancorp’s indebtedness would be considered a default on its derivative obligations. The Bancorp also has entered into agreements that contain provisions under which the counterparty could require the Bancorp to settle its obligations if the Bancorp fails to maintain its status as a well/adequately-capitalized institution. As of December 31, 2014, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position (which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance-risk) related to these agreements was $9.9 million. In addition, the Bancorp has collateral posting thresholds with certain of these counterparties and at December 31, 2014, had posted $10.0 million of cash as collateral. The Bancorp records posted cash as a reduction in the outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents and an increase in the balance of other assets.

Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

The following tables present derivative instruments that are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements. The Bancorp’s interest rate swaps with institutional counterparties are subject to master netting arrangements and are included in the table below. Interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers and residential mortgage loan commitments are not subject to master netting arrangements and are excluded from the table below. The Bancorp has not made a policy election to offset its derivative positions.



	Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets at
	December 31, 2014
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
(amounts in thousands)
Description
Interest rate swap derivatives with institutional counterparties	$	192	$	—	$	192	$	192	$	—	$	—



	Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets at
	December 31, 2013
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
(amounts in thousands)
Description
Interest rate swap derivatives with institutional counterparties	$	392	$	—	$	392	$	392	$	—	$	—

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	Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities at
	December 31, 2014
							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
(amounts in thousands)
Description
Interest rate swap derivatives with institutional counterparties	$	9,703	$	—	$	9,703	$	192	$	9,511	$	—



	Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities at
	December 31, 2013
	Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
(amounts in thousands)
Description
Interest rate swap derivatives with institutional counterparties	$	3,191	$	—	$	3,191	$	392	$	2,799	$	—

NOTE 21 — LOSS CONTINGENCY

During the first quarter of 2013, a suspected fraud was discovered in the Bank’s loans held-for-sale portfolio. Total loans involved in this fraud initially appeared to be $5.2 million, and management believed the range of possible loss to have been between $1.5 million and $3.2 million. Accordingly, management provided a loss contingency of $2.0 million at March 31, 2013. During the second quarter of 2013, the Bank determined that an aggregate of $1.0 million of the loans were not involved in the fraud, and these loans were subsequently sold. In addition, the Bank recovered $1.5 million in cash from the alleged perpetrator. Since it was resolved that the loans no longer met the definition of “a loan,” and since the Bank is pursuing restitution through the involved parties, the Bank determined this to be a receivable. As a result, the remaining aggregate of $2.7 million of loans and the related $2.0 million reserve were transferred to other assets. As of December 31, 2014, the net amount of the receivable and reserve of $0.6 million remains in other assets.

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NOTE 22 – CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF PARENT COMPANY

Following are the condensed balance sheets of Customers Bancorp, Inc. as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and the income statements and statements of cash flows for each of the three years ending December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:

Balance Sheets



	December 31,
	2014		2013
(amounts in thousands)
Assets
Cash in subsidiary bank	$	16,465	$	13,254
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	5		5
Investments in and receivables due from subsidiaries	509,465		432,064
Other assets	6,678		5,044
Total assets	$	532,613	$	450,367
Liabilities and Shareholders’ equity
Borrowings	88,250		63,250
Other liabilities	1,218		494
Total liabilities	89,468		63,744
Shareholders’ equity	443,145		386,623
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	532,613	$	450,367

Income Statements



	Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
(amounts in thousands)
Operating income:
Other	$	90		$	758		$	—
Total operating income	90			758			—
Operating expense:
Interest	5,251			1,923			—
Other	5,611			3,395			2,708
Total operating expense	10,862			5,318			2,708
Loss before taxes and undistributed income of subsidiaries	(10,772		)	(4,560		)	(2,708		)
Income tax benefit	3,797			1,596			948
Loss before undistributed income of subsidiaries	(6,975		)	(2,964		)	(1,760		)
Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries	50,189			35,658			25,578
Net income	$	43,214		$	32,694		$	23,818

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Statements of Cash Flows



	Year Ended December 31,
	2014			2013			2012
(amounts in thousands)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	43,214		$	32,694		$	23,818
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	(50,189		)	(35,658		)	(25,578		)
Increase in other assets	(1,354		)	(1,465		)	(12		)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	1,497			(281		)	372
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities	(6,832		)	(4,710		)	(1,400		)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of investment securities available for sale	—			—			(6		)
Payments for investments in and advances to subsidiaries	(15,032		)	(177,068		)	(53,500		)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(15,032		)	(177,068		)	(53,506		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	77			97,507			94,586
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	25,000			60,336			—
Exercise and redemption of warrants	6			264			—
Payments on partial shares for stock dividend	(8		)	—			—
Purchase of treasury stock	—			(7,754		)	—
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	25,075			150,353			94,586
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents	3,211			(31,425		)	39,680
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Beginning	13,254			44,679			4,999
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Ending	$	16,465		$	13,254		$	44,679

NOTE 23 – SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)



	2014
Quarter Ended	December 31		September 30		June 30		March 31
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Interest income	$	57,161	$	51,298	$	45,092	$	36,876
Interest expense	12,175		11,084		8,162		7,082
Net interest income	44,986		40,214		36,930		29,794
Provision for loan losses	2,459		5,035		2,886		4,368
Non-interest income	5,804		5,102		6,911		7,308
Non-interest expenses	27,864		24,679		25,205		21,169
Income before income taxes	20,467		15,602		15,750		11,565
Provision for income taxes	7,289		3,940		5,517		3,429
Net income available to common shareholders	$	13,178	$	11,662	$	10,233	$	8,136
Earnings per common share:
Basic (1)	$	0.49	$	0.44	$	0.38	$	0.31
Diluted (1)	0.47		0.42		0.37		0.29

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	2013
Quarter Ended	December 31			September 30		June 30		March 31
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Interest income	$	34,717		$	33,745	$	31,673	$	28,021
Interest expense	6,803			6,547		5,557		5,394
Net interest income	27,914			27,198		26,116		22,627
Provision for loan losses	(512		)	750		2,116		(118		)
Non-interest income	7,695			4,661		5,550		4,797
Non-interest expenses	22,301			18,347		16,895		16,481
Income before income taxes	13,820			12,762		12,655		11,061
Provision for income taxes	4,810			4,494		4,429		3,871
Net income available to common shareholders	$	9,010		$	8,268	$	8,226	$	7,190
Earnings per common share:
Basic (1)	$	0.33		$	0.30	$	0.35	$	0.35
Diluted (1)	0.32			0.30		0.34		0.35

(1) Per share amounts (where applicable) have been adjusted to reflect the 10% stock dividend declared on May 15, 2014 and issued on June 30, 2014.

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MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management of Customers Bancorp, Inc. (the “Customers Bancorp”) is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of all information presented in this report. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Management believes that the consolidated financial statements of Customers Bancorp, Inc. fairly reflect the form and substance of transactions and that the financial statements fairly represent Customers Bancorp’s financial position and results of operations. Management has included in Customers Bancorp’s financial statements amounts that are based on estimates and judgments which it believes are reasonable under the circumstances.

The independent registered public accounting firm of BDO USA, LLP audits Customers Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).

The Board of Directors of Customers Bancorp has an Audit Committee composed of three independent Directors. The Committee meets periodically with financial management, the internal auditors and the independent registered public accounting firm to review accounting, internal control, auditing, corporate governance and financial reporting matters. The Audit Committee is responsible for the engagement of the independent auditors. The independent auditors and internal auditors have access to the Audit Committee.

Management of Customers Bancorp, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2014. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 has been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to us, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify our financial reports and to other members of senior management and the Board of Directors.

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the design and operating effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2014, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements and Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting are included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and are incorporated by reference herein.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, BDO USA, LLP, also attested to, and reported on, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. BDO USA, LLP’s attestation report, which appears in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," is incorporated herein by reference.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During fourth quarter 2014, there have been no changes in the Bancorp’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Bancorp’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this Item will be included in the Proxy Statement for the 2015 annual meeting in the sections titled “Our Board of Directors and Management,” and “Board Governance,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item will be included in the Proxy Statement for the 2015 annual meeting in the sections titled “Director Compensation,” “Executive Officer Compensation,” and “Board Governance,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters

The information required by this Item will be included in the Proxy Statement for the 2015 annual meeting in the sections titled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item will be included in the Proxy Statement for the 2015 annual meeting in the sections titled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Board Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this Item will be included in the Proxy Statement for the 2015 annual meeting in the section titled “Proposal 2 — Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules


(a)	1. Financial Statements

Consolidated financial statements are included under Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K.


(b)	2. Financial Statements Schedules

Financial statements schedules are omitted because the required information is either not applicable, not required or is shown in the respective financial statements or in the notes thereto.


(c)	Exhibits



Exhibit No.		Description

2.1		Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated September 15, 2011, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 22, 2011

2.2		Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 23, 2010, by and among Customers Bank, Customers Bancorp, Inc., Berkshire Bank and Berkshire Bancorp, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on January 13, 2011

2.3		Purchase and Assumption Agreement, dated as of July 9, 2010, by and among Customers Bank, the FDIC as Receiver of USA Bank, and the FDIC acting in its corporate capacity, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on January 13, 2011

2.4		Purchase and Assumption Agreement, dated as of September 17, 2010, by and among Customers Bank, the FDIC as Receiver of ISN Bank, and the FDIC acting in its corporate capacity, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on January 13, 2011

2.5		Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 27, 2011, by and among Berkshire Bancorp, Inc., Berkshire Bank, Customers Bancorp, Inc., and Customers Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on June 13, 2011

2.6		Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of September 16, 2011, by and among Berkshire Bancorp, Inc., Berkshire Bank, Customers Bancorp, Inc., and Customers Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 22, 2011

3.1		Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Customers Bancorp, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 30, 2012

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Customers Bancorp, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 30, 2012

3.3		Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Customers Bancorp, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 2, 2012


4.1		Specimen stock certificate of Customers Bancorp, Inc. Voting Common Stock and Class B Non-Voting Common Stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on May 1, 2012

4.2		Form of Warrant issued to investors in New Century Bank’s March and February 2010 private offerings, 2009 private offering, and in partial exchange for New Century Bank’s shares of 10% Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock in June 2009, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010

4.3		Warrants issued to Jay S. Sidhu, June 30, 2009, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010

4.4		Indenture, dated as of July 30, 2013, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc., as Issuer, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Customers Bancorp 8-K filed with the SEC on July 31, 2013

4.5		First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 30, 2013, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc., as Issuer, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Customers Bancorp 8-K filed with the SEC on July 31, 2013

4.6		6.375% Global Note in aggregate principal amount of $55,000,000, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Customers Bancorp 8-K filed with the SEC on July 31, 2013

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Exhibit No.		Description
4.7		Amendment to First Supplemental Indenture, dated August 27, 2013, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Wilmington Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Customers Bancorp 8-K filed with the SEC on August 29, 2013

4.8		6.375% Global Note in aggregate principal amount of $8,250,000, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Customers Bancorp 8-K filed with the SEC on August 29, 2013

4.9		Form of Note Subscription Agreement (including form of Subordinated Note Certificate and Senior Note Certificate) incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Customers Bancorp 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2014

10.1+		New Century Bank Management Stock Purchase Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010

10.2+		Amended and Restated Customers Bancorp, Inc. 2010 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Customers Bancorp Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2012

10.3+		Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2012, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Jay S. Sidhu, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2012

10.4+		Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2012, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Richard Ehst, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2012

10.5		Agreement, dated as of May 19, 2009, by and between New Century Bank and Jay Sidhu, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010

10.6+		Amended and Restated Customers Bancorp, Inc. 2004 Incentive Equity and Deferred Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Customers Bancorp Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2012

10.7		Lease Agreement, dated January 5, 2007, by and between New Century Bank and Gateway Partnership LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010

10.8		Amendment to Lease, dated May 4, 2007, by and between New Century Bank and Gateway Partnership LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010

10.9+		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Employees relating to the 2012 Special Stock Reward Program, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on May 1, 2012

10.10		Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2011, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Robert Tambur, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on April 25, 2012

10.11		Subscription Agreement, dated May 19, 2009, by and between New Century Bank and Jay S. Sidhu, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010

10.12		Amendment to Subscription Agreement, dated June 29, 2009, by and between New Century Bank and Jay S. Sidhu, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010

10.13		Amendment #2 to Subscription Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2009, by and between New Century Bank and Jay S. Sidhu, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1 filed with the SEC on April 22, 2010

10.14+		Amended and Restated Customers Bancorp, Inc. Bonus Recognition and Retention Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Customers Bancorp Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2012

10.15+		Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan of Jay S. Sidhu, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on April 18, 2011

10.16		Form of Stock Purchase Agreement used in the July and August 2012 private placement of voting common stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-3 filed with the SEC on October 22, 2012

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Exhibit No.		Description
10.17		Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 17, 2012, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc. and S.J. Finance Investment Fund, L.P., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-3 filed with the SEC on October 22, 2012

10.18		Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2012, by and among the Corporation and the purchasers party thereto, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 17, 2012

10.19		Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2012, by and among the Corporation and the purchasers party thereto, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 17, 2012

10.20+		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Directors relating to the 2012 Special Stock Reward Program, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Customers Bancorp Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on May 1, 2012

10.21+		Form of Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Customers Bancorp Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2012

10.22+		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Customers Bancorp Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2012

10.23		TARP Letter Agreement, dated as of September 16, 2011, by and among Customers Bancorp, Berkshire Bancorp, Inc. and Treasury, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Customers Bancorp’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 22, 2011

10.24		ARRA Letter Agreement, dated as of September 17, 2011, by and among Customers Bancorp and Treasury, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Customer Bancorp’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 22, 2011

10.25		Letter Agreement dated as of December 28, 2011 by and among Customers Bancorp and Treasury, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Customers Bancorp’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 4, 2012

10.26+		Change of Control Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2013, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Glenn Hedde, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to Customers Bancorp’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013

10.27+		Change of Control Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2013, by and between Customers Bancorp, Inc. and Warren Taylor, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to Customers Bancorp’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013

10.28		Termination and Non-Renewal Agreement, dated as of April 4, 2013, by and among Customers Bancorp, Inc., Acacia Life Insurance Company, and Ameritas Life Insurance Corp., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 10, 2013

16.1		Letter dated July 2, 2013 from ParenteBeard LCC to the Securities and Exchange Commission, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16.1 to the Customers Bancorp Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 3, 2013

21.1		List of Subsidiaries of Customers Bancorp, Inc.

23.1		Consent of BDO USA, LLP, filed herewith

23.2		Consent of Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP, filed herewith

31.1		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)

31.2		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)

32.1		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, ad Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, ad Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101		Interactive Data Files regarding (a) Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, (b) Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, (c) Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, (d) Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, (e) Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 and (f) Notes to Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012.

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Exhibit No.		Description
+	Management Contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



	Customers Bancorp, Inc.

February 27, 2015	By:	/s/ Jay S. Sidhu
	Name:	Jay S. Sidhu
	Title:	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

	Customers Bancorp, Inc.

February 27, 2015	By:	/s/ Robert E. Wahlman
	Name:	Robert E. Wahlman
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.



Signature:	Title(s):	Date:
/s/ Jay S. Sidhu	Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer)	February 27, 2015
Jay S. Sidhu

/s/ Robert E. Wahlman	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)	February 27, 2015
Robert E. Wahlman

/s/ Carla A. Leibold	Senior Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer and Controller (principal accounting officer)	February 27, 2015
Carla A. Leibold

/s/ Daniel K. Rothermel	Director
Daniel K. Rothermel		February 27, 2015

/s/ Bhanu Choudhrie	Director
Bhanu Choudhrie		February 27, 2015

/s/ John R. Miller	Director
John R. Miller		February 27, 2015

/s/ T. Lawrence Way	Director
T. Lawrence Way		February 27, 2015

/s/ Steven J. Zuckerman	Director
Steven J. Zuckerman		February 27, 2015

150