Daseke, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to _________

DASEKE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)	001-37509 (Commission File Number)	47-3913221 (IRS Employer Identification No.)

15455 Dallas Parkway, Suite 550 Addison, Texas		75001
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (972) 248-0412 Not applicable (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


☐ Large accelerated filer				☒ Accelerated filer
☐ Non-accelerated filer				☐ Smaller reporting company
				☐ Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	DSKE	The NASDAQ Capital Market

Common shares of the registrant outstanding at August 1, 2019 were 64,583,266.

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DASEKE, INC.

FORM 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2019

INDEX


		Page No.
Part I. Financial Information		1
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)		1
Consolidated Balance Sheets		1
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)		2
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity		3
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		7
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		28
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		59
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		59
Part II. Other Information		60
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		60
Item 1A. Risk Factors		60
Item 5. Other Information		60
Item 6. Exhibits Index		61
Signatures		62

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this Report) of Daseke, Inc. (Daseke or the Company) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Except as otherwise indicated by the context, references in this Report to “we,” “us” and “our” are to the consolidated business of the Company. All statements in this Report, including those made by the management of the Company, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s estimates, projections and assumptions as of the date hereof. Forward-looking statements may contain words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “continue,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “plan,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “forecast,” “seek,” “target,” “predict,” and “potential,” the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements may include statements about the Company’s goals; the Company’s financial strategy, liquidity and capital required for its business strategy and plans; the Company’s competition and government regulations; general economic conditions; and the Company’s future operating results.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Report (or, in the case of forward-looking statements incorporated herein by reference, as of the date of the applicable filed document), and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions. While management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that the Company anticipates. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the Company’s views as of any subsequent date, and the Company does not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties (many of which are beyond the Company’s control) that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, general economic and business risks, driver shortages and increases in driver compensation or owner-operator contracted rates, loss of senior management or key operating personnel, our ability to identify and execute future acquisitions successfully, seasonality and the impact of weather and other catastrophic events, fluctuations in the price or availability of diesel fuel, increased prices for, or decreases in the availability of, new revenue equipment and decreases in the value of used revenue equipment, the failure of any restructuring actions and cost reduction initiatives that the Company undertakes to meet the expected results, the Company’s ability to generate sufficient cash to service all of the Company’s indebtedness, restrictions in its existing and future debt agreements, increases in interest rates, changes in existing laws or regulations, including environmental and worker health safety laws and regulations and those relating to tax rates or taxes in general, the impact of governmental regulations and other governmental actions related to the Company and its operations, litigation and governmental proceedings, and insurance and claims expenses. For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ from its projected results, please see the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), particularly the section titled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 8, 2019.

All forward-looking statements, expressed or implied, attributed to the Company or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that the Company or persons acting on its behalf may issue.

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Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

DASEKE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In millions, except share data)


	June 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63.7	$	46.0
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $0.9 at June 30, 2019 and $1.2 at December 31, 2018		231.0		209.2
Drivers’ advances and other receivables		7.3		5.5
Current portion of net investment in sales-type leases		—		16.2
Parts supplies		5.0		4.9
Prepaid and other current assets		19.7		26.3
Total current assets		326.7		308.1

Property and equipment, net		579.9		572.7
Intangible assets, net		200.9		208.8
Goodwill		258.7		258.4
Right-of-use assets		106.8		—
Other long-term assets		30.0		42.9
Total assets	$	1,503.0	$	1,390.9

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	23.8	$	22.2
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		50.6		46.5
Accrued payroll, benefits and related taxes		27.2		21.7
Accrued insurance and claims		18.5		18.1
Current portion of long-term debt		62.4		63.5
Other current liabilities		50.0		21.9
Total current liabilities		232.5		193.9

Long-term debt, net of current portion		636.5		622.7
Deferred tax liabilities		123.9		126.8
Other long-term liabilities		79.1		0.5
Total liabilities		1,072.0		943.9

Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)

Stockholders’ equity:
Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 650,000 shares issued with liquidation preference of $65.0 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018		65.0		65.0
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 250,000,000 shares authorized, 64,579,993 and 64,455,174 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		—		—
Additional paid-in-capital		435.6		433.9
Accumulated deficit		(69.2)		(51.0)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(0.4)		(0.9)
Total stockholders’ equity		431.0		447.0
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,503.0	$	1,390.9

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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DASEKE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

(In millions, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenues:
Company freight	$	206.9	$	160.0	$	413.1	$	304.6
Owner operator freight		121.7		112.6		232.7		208.1
Brokerage		72.8		60.1		144.2		106.2
Logistics		13.1		8.9		25.5		19.6
Fuel surcharge		36.1		35.3		68.1		66.0
Total revenue		450.6		376.9		883.6		704.5

Operating expenses:
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		124.3		90.7		243.4		173.0
Fuel		36.2		31.3		71.2		64.7
Operations and maintenance		53.1		40.4		107.9		75.0
Communications		1.2		0.8		2.2		1.5
Purchased freight		156.4		141.6		303.0		259.3
Administrative expenses		17.2		13.1		33.3		25.2
Sales and marketing		1.3		0.8		2.5		1.4
Taxes and licenses		5.0		3.9		9.9		7.6
Insurance and claims		12.2		10.4		24.7		19.6
Acquisition-related transaction expenses		—		1.4		—		1.8
Depreciation and amortization		39.7		31.7		81.2		56.9
Gain on disposition of property and equipment		(0.7)		(0.5)		(1.1)		(0.6)
Impairment		—		2.8		—		2.8
Total operating expenses		445.9		368.4		878.2		688.2
Income from operations		4.7		8.5		5.4		16.3

Other expense (income):
Interest income		(0.2)		(0.6)		(0.4)		(1.0)
Interest expense		12.7		11.1		25.4		21.4
Other		(0.7)		(1.0)		(1.3)		(1.9)
Total other expense		11.8		9.5		23.7		18.5

Loss before benefit for income taxes		(7.1)		(1.0)		(18.3)		(2.2)
Benefit for income taxes		(0.7)		(14.5)		(2.6)		(14.9)
Net income (loss)		(6.4)		13.5		(15.7)		12.7

Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $0.1, $0.1, $0.3 and $0.3, respectively		0.4		(0.6)		0.5		(0.9)
Comprehensive income (loss)		(6.0)		12.9		(15.2)		11.8

Net income (loss)		(6.4)		13.5		(15.7)		12.7
Less dividends to Series A convertible preferred stockholders		(1.3)		(1.3)		(2.5)		(2.5)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(7.7)	$	12.2	$	(18.2)	$	10.2

Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic and Diluted	$	(0.12)	$	0.20	$	(0.28)	$	0.17
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic and Diluted		64,523,163		60,558,956		64,496,550		57,935,688

Dividends declared per Series A convertible preferred share	$	1.91	$	1.91	$	3.81	$	3.81

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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DASEKE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019

(Unaudited)

(In millions, except share data)


	Series A Convertible										Accumulated
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock							Other
					Par		Additional		Accumulated		Comprehensive
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Value		Paid- In Capital		Deficit		Income (Loss)		Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	650,000	$	65.0	64,455,174	$	—	$	433.9	$	(51.0)	$	(0.9)	$	447.0
Vesting of restricted stock units	—		—	14,498		—		—		—		—		—
Series A convertible preferred stock dividend	—		—	—		—		—		(1.2)		—		(1.2)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		1.0		—		—		1.0
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		0.1		0.1
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(9.3)		—		(9.3)
Balance at March 31, 2019	650,000	$	65.0	64,469,672	$	—	$	434.9	$	(61.5)	$	(0.8)	$	437.6
Vesting of restricted stock units	—		—	110,321		—		(0.2)		—		—		(0.2)
Series A convertible preferred stock dividend	—		—	—		—		—		(1.3)		—		(1.3)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		0.9		—		—		0.9
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		0.4		0.4
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(6.4)		—		(6.4)
Balance at June 30, 2019	650,000	$	65.0	64,579,993	$	—	$	435.6	$	(69.2)	$	(0.4)	$	431.0

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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DASEKE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Six months ended June 30, 2018

(Unaudited)

(In millions, except share data)


	Series A Convertible										Accumulated
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock							Other
					Par		Additional		Retained		Comprehensive
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Value		Paid- In Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Total
Balance at January 1, 2018	650,000	$	65.0	48,712,288	$	—	$	277.9	$	7.3	$	1.0	$	351.2
Exercise of stock options	—		—	5,000		—		0.1		—		—		0.1
Series A convertible preferred stock dividend	—		—	—		—		—		(1.2)		—		(1.2)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		0.9		—		—		0.9
Issuance of common stock	—		—	8,545,000		—		84.5		—		—		84.5
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		(0.3)		(0.3)
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(0.8)		—		(0.8)
Balance at March 31, 2018	650,000	$	65.0	57,262,288	$	—	$	363.4	$	5.3	$	0.7	$	434.4
Series A convertible preferred stock dividend	—		—	—		—		—		(1.3)		—		(1.3)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		0.9		—		—		0.9
Issuance of common stock	—		—	1,612,979		—		15.4		—		—		15.4
Issuance of earnout shares	—		—	5,000,000		—		48.2		(48.2)		—		—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		—		(0.6)		(0.6)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		13.5		—		13.5
Balance at June 30, 2018	650,000	$	65.0	63,875,267	$	—	$	427.9	$	(30.7)	$	0.1	$	462.3

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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DASEKE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in millions)


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019		2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	(15.7)	$	12.7
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation		73.0		48.8
Amortization of intangible assets		8.2		8.1
Amortization of deferred financing fees		1.5		1.4
Non-cash operating lease expense		13.3		—
Stock-based compensation expense		1.9		1.8
Deferred taxes		(2.6)		(16.2)
Bad debt expense		0.5		0.2
Gain on disposition of property and equipment		(1.1)		(0.6)
Gain on disposition of building		—		(0.8)
Deferred gain recognized on sales-type leases		—		(1.4)
Impairment		—		2.8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(21.9)		(31.5)
Drivers’ advances and other receivables		(1.7)		(0.1)
Payments received on sales-type leases		—		6.5
Prepaid and other current assets		(0.2)		(6.3)
Accounts payable		1.4		0.1
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(1.7)		3.5
Net cash provided by operating activities		54.9		29.0

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(12.1)		(31.1)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		16.5		11.7
Cash paid for acqusitions, net of cash received		—		(79.1)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		4.4		(98.5)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Advances on line of credit		639.2		468.1
Repayments on line of credit		(639.2)		(472.7)
Principal payments on long-term debt		(38.9)		(25.2)
Proceeds from Term Loan Facility		—		5.9
Deferred financing fees		(0.2)		(0.6)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		—		84.6
Series A convertible preferred stock dividends		(2.5)		(2.5)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(41.6)		57.6

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		—		(0.1)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		17.7		(12.0)
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period		46.0		90.7
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period	$	63.7	$	78.7

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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DASEKE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS – (Continued)

(Unaudited)

(in millions)


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019		2018
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	$	23.4	$	20.0
Cash paid for income taxes	$	1.3	$	1.3

Noncash investing and financing activities
Property and equipment acquired with debt or finance lease obligations	$	47.9	$	11.6
Accrued capital expenditures	$	—	$	4.4
Property and equipment sold for notes receivable	$	0.3	$	0.2
Property and equipment transferred to sales-type lease	$	—	$	3.9
Sales-type lease returns to property and equipment	$	—	$	0.4
Sales-type lease assets acquired with debt or capital lease obligations	$	—	$	9.9
Sales-type lease assets sold for notes receivable	$	—	$	28.1
Sales-type lease returns to sales-type lease assets	$	—	$	15.5
Common stock issued in acquisitions	$	—	$	15.4
Issuance of earnout shares	$	—	$	48.2
Right-of-use assets acquired	$	25.7	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

Daseke, Inc.’s (the Company or Daseke) wholly-owned subsidiary Daseke Companies, Inc., was incorporated in December 2008 and began operations on January 1, 2009. Daseke is engaged in full service open-deck trucking that specializes primarily in flatbed truckload and heavy haul transportation of specialized items throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico. The Company also provides logistical planning and warehousing services to customers. The Company is subject to regulation by the Department of Transportation, the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, and various state regulatory authorities in the United States. The Company is also subject to regulation by the Ministries of Transportation and Communications and various provincial regulatory authorities in Canada.

Basis of Presentation

These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date. For additional information, including the Company’s significant accounting policies, refer to the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes for the year ended December 31, 2018 as set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 8, 2019.

Certain items have been reclassified for presentation purposes to conform to the accounting policies of the consolidated entity. These reclassifications had no material impact on income from operations, net loss and comprehensive loss, the balance sheets or statements of cash flows.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Daseke, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Deferred Financing Fees

In conjunction with obtaining long-term debt, the Company incurred financing costs which are being amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest rate method, over the terms of the obligations. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the balance of deferred finance charges was $14.9 million and $16.2 million, respectively, which is included as a reduction of long-term debt, net of current portion in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense was $0.8 million for each of the three months periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and $1.5 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows the accounting guidance for fair value measurements of financial assets and financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of nonfinancial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It also establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The three levels of the fair value framework are as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

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Level 3 - Unobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s own assumptions or external inputs from inactive markets.

A financial asset or liability’s classification within the framework is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Contingent Consideration

The contingent consideration liabilities represent future payment obligations for certain EBITDA thresholds related to the Company’s acquisitions over a defined period of time. See Note 3 for additional details on the future payment obligations connected to the Company’s acquisitions. The fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration liabilities are determined using estimates based on discount rates that reflect the risk involved and the projected EBITDA of the acquired businesses, therefore the liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value framework. The balance of contingent consideration as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $21.5 million and $21.9 million, respectively. The changes in the fair value were the same for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The table below is a summary of the changes in the fair value of this liability for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019		2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	21.9	$	0.8
Fair value of earn-out liability for acquisition		—		20.3
Change in fair value		(0.4)		(0.7)
Balance at end of period	$	21.5	$	20.4

Stock-Based Compensation

Awards of equity instruments issued to employees and directors are accounted for under the fair value method of accounting and recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Compensation cost is measured for all stock-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognized using the straight-line method over the service period over which the awards are expected to vest.

Fair value of all time-vested options as of the date of grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, which was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility. Since the Company does not have a sufficient history of exercise behavior, expected term is calculated using the assumption that the options will be exercised ratably from the date of vesting to the end of the contractual term for each vesting tranche of awards. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the period of the expected term of the stock option. Expected volatility is calculated using an index of publicly traded peer companies.

Fair values of non-vested stock awards (restricted stock units) are equal to the market value of the common stock on the date of the award with compensation costs amortized over the vesting period of the award.

Segment Reporting

The Company determines its operating segments based on the information utilized by the chief operating decision maker to allocate resources and assess performance. Based on this information, the Company has determined it had 16 operating segments as of June 30, 2019 and 2018 that are aggregated into two reportable segments: Flatbed Solutions, which delivers its services using primarily flatbed transportation equipment to meet the needs of high-volume, time-sensitive shippers, and Specialized Solutions, which delivers transportation and logistics solutions for super heavy haul, high-value customized and over-dimensional loads, many of which require engineering and customized equipment.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share reflect the potential dilution of earnings per share that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the Company’s earnings (loss).

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, shares of the Company’s 7.625% Series A Convertible Cumulative Preferred Stock (Series A Preferred Stock) and outstanding stock options were not included in the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share as

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their effects were anti-dilutive. Additionally, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, there was no dilutive effect from the Merger Agreement earn-out provision found in the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 22, 2016, in which a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hennessy Capital Acquisition Corp. II (Hennessy) merged with and into Daseke, with Daseke surviving as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Hennessy, (the Merger Agreement) or the outstanding warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (the common stock purchase warrants). See Note 15 for the effects of non-vested restricted stock units on basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method.

Common Stock Purchase Warrants

The Company accounts for the issuance of common stock purchase warrants in connection with equity offerings in accordance with the provisions of the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 815, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). The Company classifies as equity any contract that (i) requires physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) gives the Company a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in its own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). The Company classifies as assets or liabilities any contract that (i) requires net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net-cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the control of the Company) or (ii) gives the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement). See Note 10 for additional details on the common stock purchase warrants.

The Company assessed the classification of its common stock purchase warrants and determined that such instruments meet the criteria for equity classification at the time of issuance.

Foreign Currency Gains and Losses

The functional currency for all operations except Canada is the U.S. dollar. The local currency is the functional currency for the Company’s operations in Canada. For these operations, assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange on the consolidated balance sheet date, while income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange during the period. The resulting gains or losses arising from the translation of accounts from the functional currency into U.S. dollars are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income until a partial or complete liquidation of the Company’s net investment in the foreign operation.

From time to time, the Company’s foreign operations may enter into transactions that are denominated in a currency other than their functional currency. These transactions are initially recorded in the functional currency of the operating company based on the applicable exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction. Monthly, these transactions are remeasured to an equivalent amount of the functional currency based on the applicable exchange rate in effect on the remeasurement date. Any adjustment required to remeasure a transaction to the equivalent amount of functional currency is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations of the foreign operating company as a component of foreign exchange gain or loss.

Assets Held for Sale

Through December 31, 2018, assets held for sale were primarily comprised of revenue equipment in the Company’s lease purchase program and recorded as a component of prepaid and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Assets held for sale were not subject to depreciation, and were recorded at the lower of depreciated carrying value or fair market value less selling costs. Assets held for sale as of December 31, 2018, totaled $3.6 million, consisting of $2.7 million for the Flatbed Solutions segment and $0.9 million for the Specialized Solutions.

Following the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), the revenue equipment in the Company’s lease purchase program no longer meets the criteria for assets held for sale. See Note 2 for additional information on the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02. There were no assets held for sale as of June 30, 2019.

Revenue and Expense Recognition

The Company’s revenue and related costs are recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation(s) transferring goods or services to the customer and the customer obtains control of such goods and services. With respect to freight, brokerage, logistics and fuel surcharge revenue, these conditions are met, and the Company recognizes company freight, owner operator freight, brokerage and fuel surcharge revenue, over time, and logistics revenue, as the services are provided. While the Company may enter into master service agreements with its customers, a contract is not established until the customer specifically requests the Company’s services and the Company accepts.

The Company evaluates each contract for distinct performance obligations. In the Company’s business, a typical performance obligation is the transportation of a load including any highly interrelated ancillary services.

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The Company predominantly estimates the standalone selling price of its services based upon observable evidence, market conditions and other relevant inputs. The Company allocates the total transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based upon the relative standalone selling prices.

The Company’s customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the Company’s contracts; therefore, revenue is recognized over time. This is a faithful depiction of the satisfaction of the performance obligation, as the customer does not need to re-perform the transportation services the Company has provided to date.

Generally, the Company’s customers are billed upon delivery of the freight or monthly and remit payment according to the approved payment terms.

Freight Revenue

Freight revenue is generated by hauling customer freight using company owned equipment (company freight) and owner-operator equipment (owner-operator freight). Freight revenue is the product of the number of revenue-generating miles driven and the rate per mile received from customers plus accessorial charges, such as loading and unloading freight, cargo protection, fees for detained equipment or fees for route planning and supervision.

Brokerage Revenue

The Company regularly engages third-party capacity providers to haul loads. The Company is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide load transportation services, and has discretion in setting prices, along with the risk to fulfill the contract to the customer. Based upon this evaluation, the Company has determined that it is the principal and therefore, records gross revenues and expenses for brokerage services.

Logistics Revenue

In addition to freight revenue, the Company also recognizes logistics revenue as a separate revenue stream. Logistics revenue is generated from a range of services, including value-added warehousing, loading and unloading, vehicle maintenance and repair, preparation and packaging, fuel management, and other fleet management solutions. The Company recognizes logistics revenue as services are completed.

The Company has designated the following preference and practical expedients:

To not disclose remaining performance obligations when the expected performance obligation duration is one year or less. The vast majority of the Company’s services transfer control within a month of the inception of the contract with select specialized loads taking several months to allow for increased planning and permitting.

Recognize the incremental costs of obtaining or fulfilling a contract as an expense when incurred, as the amortization period of a potential asset would be recognized in one year or less.

Exclude taxes collected on behalf of government authorities from the Company’s measurement of transaction prices. Tax amounts are not included within net income or cost of sales.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815). ASU 2017-11 provides guidance on accounting for financial instruments with down round features and clarifies the deferral of certain provisions in Topic 480. ASU 2017-11 will become effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those periods. The Company adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2019, which did not impact the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Accounting for Credit Losses (Topic 326). ASU 2016-13 requires the use of an “expected loss” model on certain types of financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

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NOTE 2 – LEASES

Change in Accounting Principle

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) and creates Topic 842 (ASC 842), Leases. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842, which is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2018. This Topic requires balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. Under the standard, disclosures are required to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

The Company has completed its evaluation of the requirements of ASC 842 and related amendments. As part of the Company’s evaluation, management compiled and analyzed contracts, identified the full lease population, implemented and populated leasing software and implemented new controls associated with adopting and adhering to the standard, and reviewed its accounting practices for revenue equipment that it leased to certain of its owner-operators.

The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019, using the optional transition method and elected the option to not apply ASC 842 to comparative periods, which continue to be presented under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

Lessee

The adoption of this standard had a material impact on the Company’s financial position. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of additional net lease assets, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets of approximately $96.9 million and $96.9 million, respectively. The right-of-use assets recorded on the balance sheet include primarily trucking facilities and terminals and revenue equipment leases. The standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, however, there have been additions and modifications to its existing financial disclosures.

The Company has designated the following preferences and practical expedients:

To not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts contain a lease;

Carryforward previous conclusions related to prior lease classification under the prior lease accounting standard to lease classification for existing leases under ASC 842;

To not reassess initial indirect costs;

Elect the hindsight practical expedient related to lease term and impairment;

Adopt the land easement practical expedient;

To not separate the non-lease components of a contract from the lease component for its office equipment asset class;

To not apply the recognition requirements to leases with terms of twelve months or less; and

To apply the portfolio approach in determination of the incremental borrowing rate.

The Company has capitalized operating and finance leases for various real estate including corporate offices, trucking facilities and terminals, warehouses, and tractor parking as well as various types of equipment including tractors, trailers, forklifts, and office equipment. New real estate lease agreements will typically have initial terms between 3-15 years and new equipment lease agreements will typically have initial terms of 3-9 years. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less ("short term leases") across all asset classes are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Some of the Company’s leases include one or more options to renew, with renewals that can extend the lease term from 1 to 5 years. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company’s sole discretion. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Rights and obligations related to lease agreements the Company has signed but that have not yet commenced are not material. The Company has certain lease agreements related to its revenue equipment that contain residual value guarantees. These residual value guarantees require the Company to return the revenue equipment at the end of the lease term in a certain condition as specified by the lessor in the lease agreement.

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The Company determines whether an arrangement is classified as a lease at inception. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities relating to operating leases are included in right-of-use assets, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The right-of-use assets and lease liabilities relating to finance leases are included in other long-term assets, current portion of long-term debt, and long-term debt, net of current portion on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company's right-of-use assets represent its right to use the underlying assets for the lease term and the Company's right-of-use liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the leases. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company's capitalized operating lease agreements generally do not provide an implicit rate. The Company developed an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date regarding the interest rate applicable to collateralized borrowings for a period similar to the original lease period. The incremental borrowing rates were used in determining the present value of lease payments which is reflected as the lease liability.

The following table reflects the Company’s components of lease expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 (in millions):


		Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	Classification	June 30, 2019
Operating lease cost
Revenue equipment	Operations and maintenance	$	7.8	$	13.5
Real estate	Administrative expense		4.8		9.1
Total operating lease cost		$	12.6	$	22.6

Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	Depreciation and amortization	$	1.1	$	2.4
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense		0.3		0.5
Total finance lease cost		$	1.4	$	2.9

Total lease cost(a)		$	14.0	$	25.5

(a)

Short-term lease expense and variable lease expense are immaterial.

The components of assets and liabilities for operating and finance leases are as follows as of June 30, 2019 (in millions):


		June 30,
	Classification	2019
Assets
Capitalized operating lease right-of-use assets	Right-of-use assets	$	106.8
Finance lease right-of-use assets	Other long-term assets		25.7
Total lease assets		$	132.5

Liabilities
Capitalized operating lease liabilities:
Current	Other current liabilities	$	28.4
Non-current	Other long-term liabilities		78.4
Total capitalized operating lease liabilities		$	106.8

Finance lease liabilities:
Current	Current portion of long-term debt	$	6.2
Non-current	Long-term debt, net of current portion		19.5
Total finance lease liabilities		$	25.7

Total lease liabilities		$	132.5

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The following table is a summary of supplemental cash flows related to leases for the six months ended June 30, 2019 (in millions):


	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from capitalized operating leases	$	(17.1)
Operating cash flows from finance leases		(0.4)
Financing cash flows from finance leases		(2.8)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Capitalized operating lease right-of-use assets	$	25.7
Finance lease right-of-use assets		9.2

The following table is the future payments on leases as of June 30, 2019 (in millions):


	Capitalized
	Operating		Finance
Year ending December 31,	leases		leases		Total
2019(1)	$	17.6	$	4.5	$	22.1
2020		28.6		7.6		36.2
2021		21.4		7.5		28.9
2022		16.8		4.2		21.0
2023		11.6		4.2		15.8
Thereafter		25.0		1.5		26.5
Total lease payments		121.0		29.5		150.5
Less: interest		(14.2)		(3.8)		(18.0)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	106.8	$	25.7	$	132.5

(1)

Six months ending December 31, 2019

The following table is a summary of weighted average lease terms and discount rates for leases as of June 30, 2019:


	2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Capitalized operating leases		5.13
Finance leases		4.05
Weighted-average discount rate
Capitalized operating leases		5.54	%
Finance leases		4.39	%

The following table is the future payments under lease agreements as of December 31, 2018 prior to adoption of ASC 842 (in millions):


	Capital Leases		Operating Leases
			Revenue		Office
Year ending December 31,			Equipment		and Terminals
2019	$	5.7	$	19.5	$	11.9
2020		4.5		13.0		11.2
2021		4.3		5.7		9.5
2022		2.4		3.2		8.5
2023		2.9		0.3		6.6
Thereafter		0.8		—		23.0
Total minimum lease payments	$	20.6	$	41.7	$	70.7
Loan amount attributable to interest		(2.4)
Total (Present value of minimum lease payments on capital leases)		18.2
Less: current portion		(4.8)
Long-term capital leases	$	13.4

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Lessor

The adoption of this standard had a material impact on the Company’s financial position, resulting in recording of additional property and equipment and reductions to net investment in sales-type leases and prepaid and other current assets on its consolidated balance sheets of approximately $59.4 million, $55.8 million, and $3.6 million, respectively. The additional assets recorded on the balance sheet in property and equipment include tractors and trailers leased or available for lease to owner-operators. The standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, however, there have been additions and modifications to its existing financial disclosures.

The Company leases tractors and trailers to certain of its owner-operators and accounts for these transactions as operating leases. Historically, the Company has accounted for these equipment leases as sales-type leases. Under the new guidance, the Company's equipment leases no longer qualify for sales-type lease treatment and are now treated as operating leases. This change in accounting treatment resulted in the derecognition of net investment in sales-type leases and recording the associated assets as if the agreements were always operating leases. The Company will no longer recognize a lease receivable, unearned interest income, or deferred gain related to sales-type leases and will recognize income from operating leases as payments are received. These leases typically have terms of 30 to 72 months and are collateralized by a security interest in the related revenue equipment. The Company recognizes income for these leases as payments are received over the lease term, which are reported in purchased freight on the statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company's equipment leases may include options for the lessee to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease term or terminate the lease prior to the end of the lease term. When an asset reaches the end of its useful economic life, the Company disposes of the asset.

The Company recorded depreciation expense of $3.9 million and $8.8 million on its assets leased under operating leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Lease income from lease payments related to the Company's operating leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, was $6.1 million and $11.6 million, respectively.

The following table is the future minimum receipts on leases as of June 30, 2019 (in millions):


Twelve months ending June 30,	Amount
2020	$	26.0
2021		20.9
2022		12.9
2023		6.3
2024		2.1
Thereafter		0.1
Total minimum lease receipts	$	68.3

The components of the net investment in sales-type leases as of December 31, 2018 prior to the adoption of ASC 842 are as follows (in millions):


	2018
Minimum lease receivable	$	78.1
Deferred gain		(10.1)
Net minimum lease receivable		68.0
Unearned interest income		(12.3)
Net investment in sales-type leases		55.7
Current portion		(16.2)
	$	39.5

The following table is the future minimum receipts on leases as of December 31, 2018 prior to the adoption of ASC 842 (in millions):



Year ending December 31,	Amount
2019	$	16.2
2020		14.5
2021		11.0
2022		11.2
2023		2.6
Thereafter		0.2
Total	$	55.7

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NOTE 3 – ACQUISITIONS

The Company is a leading consolidator of the open-deck freight market in North America. From Daseke Companies, Inc.’s inception in late 2008, the Company and Daseke Companies, Inc. have successfully acquired 20 open-deck trucking companies. Negotiations and discussions with potential targets are an integral part of the Company’s operations, and the Company may be in varying stages of the acquisition process, from infancy to very mature, at any point in time. To date, the primary reason for each acquisition was to add resources and services in geographic areas, customers and markets that the Company wants to serve, resulting in recognized goodwill.

For each acquisition, the aggregate purchase price was allocated to the major categories of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, which were based, in part, upon outside preliminary appraisals for certain assets and subject to change when additional information concerning final asset and liability values is obtained. The final purchase price allocations may result in adjustments to certain assets and liabilities, including the residual amount allocated to goodwill.

The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price paid to the fair values of the net assets, net of cash acquired, of the 2018 acquisitions (in millions):


(all amounts in U.S. dollars)
	Leavitt's		Builders		Kelsey Trail		Aveda
Accounts receivable	$	1.9	$	8.4	$	2.3	$	37.3
Parts supplies		0.1		0.3		—		—
Prepaid and other current assets		0.4		1.5		0.4		2.5
Property and equipment		8.5		29.4		9.2		89.8
Goodwill		5.1		14.7		3.3		7.7
Intangible assets		3.6		10.6		1.5		15.0
Other long-term assets		—		0.5		—		—
Deferred tax liability		—		(9.2)		(2.7)		(6.7)
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(4.9)		(19.9)		(8.0)		(30.0)
Total consideration paid (net of cash acquired)	$	14.7	$	36.3	$	6.0	$	115.6

Leavitt’s Freight Service

On August 1, 2018, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Leavitt’s Freight Service, Inc. (Leavitt’s), based in Springfield, Oregon. Total consideration paid was $14.9 million of cash, which was funded with cash on hand. The acquisition was treated as an asset purchase because Leavitt’s was a qualified subchapter S-subsidiary acquired directly from an S-corporation; therefore, the values assigned to the intangible assets and goodwill are deductible for tax purposes. Approximately $0.3 million of transaction expenses were incurred in the acquisition, which will be deductible for tax purposes because the transaction qualified as an asset purchase.

Builders Transportation

On August 1, 2018, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Builders Transportation Co., LLC (Builders), based in Memphis, Tennessee. Total consideration paid was $36.3 million, consisting of $30.0 million in cash, 399,530 shares of Daseke common stock valued at $3.4 million and the payoff of $2.9 million of outstanding debt. The cash consideration was funded with cash on hand. The acquisition was a stock purchase; therefore, the values assigned to the intangible assets and goodwill are not deductible for tax purposes. Approximately $0.2 million of transaction expenses were incurred in the acquisition, which are not deductible for tax purposes.

Kelsey Trail Trucking

On July 1, 2018, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Kelsey Trail Trucking Ltd. (Kelsey Trail), based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan province, Canada. Total consideration paid was $6.2 million, consisting of $5.3 million in cash and 95,859 shares of Daseke common stock valued at $0.9 million. The cash consideration was funded with cash on hand. The acquisition was a stock purchase; therefore, the values assigned to the intangible assets and goodwill are not deductible for tax purposes. Approximately $0.1 million of transaction expenses were incurred in the acquisition, which are not deductible for tax purposes. During the first quarter of 2019, goodwill and deferred tax liability were decreased by $0.9 million to adjust the beginning balance of deferred taxes.

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Aveda Transportation and Energy Services

On June 6, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Aveda Transportation and Energy Services Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of the Province of Alberta, Canada (Aveda), pursuant to the Agreement and the Plan of Arrangement (the Agreement). Total consideration paid was $118.7 million, consisting of $27.3 million in cash, 1,612,979 shares of Daseke common stock valued at $15.4 million, and the payoff of $54.8 million of outstanding debt. The Company will also pay to the holders of Aveda common shares up to C$0.45 in cash per Aveda common share, contingent on and based on Aveda’s Company EBITDA (as defined in the Agreement) meeting certain thresholds set forth in the Agreement for the period beginning June 1, 2018 and ending on May 1, 2019 or with agreement of the parties, July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. The contingent consideration for this earn-out has been valued at an estimated $21.2 million. The Aveda acquisition was a stock purchase; therefore, the value assigned to the intangible assets and goodwill are not deductible for tax purposes. Approximately $1.1 million of transaction expenses were incurred in the acquisition, which are not deductible for tax purposes. During the first quarter of 2019, goodwill and deferred tax liability were increased by $0.7 million to adjust the beginning balance of deferred taxes.

NOTE 4 – PREPAID AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

The components of prepaid expenses and other current assets are as follows as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):


	2019		2018
Insurance	$	8.0	$	7.4
Licensing, permits and tolls		6.0		5.6
Other prepaids		3.4		3.9
Other assets		2.0		4.4
Highway and fuel taxes		0.3		1.4
Assets held for sale		—		3.6
	$	19.7	$	26.3

NOTE 5 – GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of all acquisitions over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired. The Company performs an impairment test of goodwill annually as of October 1 or when impairment indicators arise. There was no goodwill impairment identified for three and six months ended June 30, 2019. The summary of changes in goodwill follows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 (in millions):


	Flatbed		Specialized		Total
Goodwill balance at December 31, 2018	$	101.5	$	156.9	$	258.4
Adjustments to previously recorded goodwill (net)		—		(0.3)		(0.3)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		0.6		0.6
Goodwill balance at June 30, 2019	$	101.5	$	157.2	$	258.7

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):


	As of June 30, 2019						As of December 31, 2018
	Intangible		Accumulated		Intangible		Intangible		Accumulated		Intangible
	Assets		Amortization		Assets, net		Assets		Amortization		Assets, net
Non-competition agreements	$	33.8	$	(16.3)	$	17.5	$	33.8	$	(12.8)	$	21.0
Customer relationships		130.9		(38.2)		92.7		130.9		(33.5)		97.4
Trade names		90.6		—		90.6		90.6		—		90.6
Foreign currency translation adjustment		0.1		—		0.1		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Total intangible assets	$	255.4	$	(54.5)	$	200.9	$	255.1	$	(46.3)	$	208.8

As of June 30, 2019, non-competition agreements and customer relationships had weighted average remaining useful lives of 2.5 and 9.9 years, respectively.

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Amortization expense for intangible assets with definite lives was $3.9 million and $6.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $8.2 million and $8.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Future estimated amortization expense is as follows (in millions):


	Non-competition		Customer
Year ending December 31,	Agreements		Relationships
2019(1)	$	3.3	$	4.8
2020		5.4		9.5
2021		4.7		9.5
2022		3.9		9.5
2023		0.2		9.5
Thereafter		—		49.9
Total	$	17.5	$	92.7

(1)

Six months ending December 31, 2019

NOTE 6 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The components of property and equipment are as follows as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):


	2019		2018
Revenue equipment	$	705.1	$	734.0
Buildings and improvements		62.9		61.9
Assets leased and available for lease to owner-operators		70.3		—
Furniture and fixtures, office and computer equipment and vehicles		40.3		36.5
		878.6		832.4
Accumulated depreciation		(298.7)		(259.7)
	$	579.9	$	572.7

Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $30.8 million and $25.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $62.3 million and $48.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Depreciation expense and accumulated depreciation on assets leased and available for lease to owner-operaters was $5.1 million and $10.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Included in depreciaton expense is the net impact of the step-up in basis of fixed assets resulting from acquisitions of $5.9 million and $5.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $12.7 million and $9.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

NOTE 7 – ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

The components of accrued expenses and other liabilities are as follows as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):


	2019		2018
Brokerage and escorts	$	15.4	$	12.6
Unvouchered payables		11.9		11.7
Other accrued expenses		10.0		8.0
Owner-operator deposits		8.8		9.3
Fuel and fuel taxes		1.8		1.2
Sales and local taxes payable		2.0		3.3
Interest		0.7		0.4
	$	50.6	$	46.5

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NOTE 8 – LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consists of the following as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):


	2019		2018
Term loan facility	$	491.0	$	493.5
Equipment term loans		197.1		190.7
Finance and capital leases		25.7		18.2
		713.8		702.4
Less current portion		(62.4)		(63.5)
Less unamortized debt issuance costs		(14.9)		(16.2)
Total long-term debt	$	636.5	$	622.7

Term Loan Facility

The Company has a $500.0 million term loan facility under a loan agreement with Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (the Term Loan Facility) with a scheduled maturity date of February 27, 2024. Term loans under the Term Loan Facility are, at the Company’s election from time to time, comprised of alternate base rate loans (an ABR Borrowing) or adjusted LIBOR loans (a Eurodollar Rate Borrowing), with the applicable margins of interest being an alternate base rate (subject to a 2.00% floor) plus 4.00% per annum and LIBOR (subject to a 1.00% floor) plus 5.00% per annum. At June 30, 2019, the average interest rate on the Term Loan Facility was 7.5%.

The Term Loan Facility is secured by all assets of the Company, except those assets collateralizing equipment and certain real estate lenders debt and subject to certain customary exceptions.

The Term Loan Facility contains a financial covenant requiring the Company to maintain a consolidated total leverage ratio as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of less than or equal to 4.00 to 1.00, stepping down to 3.75 to 1.00 on March 31, 2021. The consolidated total leverage ratio is defined as the ratio of (i) consolidated total debt minus unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents restricted in favor of the administrative agent and the lenders, to (ii) consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the trailing 12 month period (with customary add-backs permitted to consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, including in respect of synergies and cost-savings reasonably identifiable and factually supportable that are anticipated to be realized in an aggregate amount not to exceed 25% of consolidated Adjusted EBITDA and subject to other customary limitations).

The Term Loan Facility permits voluntary prepayments of borrowings. In certain circumstances (subject to exceptions, exclusions and, in the case of excess cash flow, step-downs described below), the Company may also be required to make an offer to prepay the Term Loan Facility if it receives proceeds as a result of certain asset sales, debt issuances, casualty or similar events of loss, or if it has excess cash flow (defined as an annual amount calculated using a customary formula based on consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, including, among other things, deductions for (i) the amount of certain voluntary prepayments of the Term Loan Facility and (ii) the amount of certain capital expenditures, acquisitions, investments and restricted payments). The percentage of excess cash flow that must be applied as a mandatory prepayment is 50%, 25% or 0% for excess cash flow periods for the year ending December 31, 2019 and beyond, depending upon the first lien leverage ratio.

The Term Loan Facility contains (i) certain customary affirmative covenants that, among other things, require compliance with applicable laws, periodic financial reporting and notices of material events, payment of taxes and other obligations, maintenance of property and insurance, and provision of additional guarantees and collateral, and (ii) certain customary negative covenants that, among other things, restrict the incurrence of additional indebtedness, liens on property, sale and leaseback transactions, investments, mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolutions, asset sales, acquisitions, the payment of distributions, dividends, redemptions and repurchases of equity interests, transactions with affiliates, prepayments and redemptions of certain other indebtedness, burdensome agreements, holding company limitations, changes in fiscal year and modifications of organizational documents.

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ABL Facility

The Company has a five-year, senior secured asset-based revolving line of credit with an aggregate maximum credit amount equal to $100.0 million (subject to availability under a borrowing base equal to 85% of the Company’s eligible accounts receivable, 80% of the Company’s eligible unbilled accounts receivable and 50% of parts supplies) under a credit agreement with PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. The ABL Facility’s maximum credit amount may be increased by $30.0 million pursuant to an uncommitted accordion. The ABL Facility also provides for the issuance of letters of credit subject to certain restrictions and a sublimit of $20 million, as defined in the credit agreement. The ABL Facility matures on February 27, 2022. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had a debit balance of $0.3 million, $13.9 million in letters of credit outstanding, and could incur approximately $85.2 million of additional indebtedness under the ABL Facility.

Borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest at rates based upon the Company’s fixed charge coverage ratio and, at the Company’s election from time to time, either a base rate plus an applicable margin or an adjusted LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin. Margins on the ABL Facility are adjusted, if necessary to the applicable rates set forth in the following table corresponding to the fixed charge coverage ratio for the trailing 12 month period on the last day of the most recently completed fiscal quarter.


Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio	Base Rate Margins		LIBOR Rate Margins
Less than 1.25 to 1.00	2.25	%	3.25	%
Greater than or equal to 1.25 to 1.00, but less than 1.50 to 1.00	1.75	%	2.75	%
Greater than or equal to 1.50 to 1.00, but less than 1.75 to 1.00	1.25	%	2.25	%
Greater than or equal to 1.75 to 1.00	0.75	%	1.75	%

The ABL Facility was amended on June 15, 2018, to adjust margins, if necessary, on the ABL Facility beginning in the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2018, to the applicable rates set forth in the following table corresponding to the average RLOC Utilization for the trailing 12 month period on the last day of the most recently completed fiscal quarter. RLOC Utilization at a particular date shall mean an amount equal to (a)(i) outstanding amount of Revolving Advances plus (ii) the outstanding amount of the Swing Loans plus (iii) the aggregate Maximum Undrawn Amount of all outstanding Letters of Credit, divided by (b) Maximum Revolving Advance Amount, each as defined in the credit agreement.


RLOC Utilization	Base Rate Margins		LIBOR Rate Margins
Less than 33.3%	0.50	%	1.50	%
Greater than or equal to 33.3%, but less than 66.6%	0.75	%	1.75	%
Greater than or equal to 66.6%	1.00	%	2.00	%

At June 30, 2019, the interest rate on the ABL Facility was 6.00%.

The ABL Facility is secured by all of the Company’s U.S.-based accounts receivable, parts supplies, cash and cash equivalents excluding proceeds of Term Loan Facility, securities and deposit accounts and other general assets not included in the Term Loan Facility collateral.

The ABL Facility contains (i) a financial covenant similar to the consolidated total leverage ratio required under the Term Loan Facility requiring a leverage ratio of less than or equal to 4.00 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarter, stepping down to 3.75 to 1.00 on March 31, 2021 and (ii) during any period after a default or event of default or after excess availability falling below the greater of (x) $15.0 million and (y) 20% of the maximum credit amount, continuing until such time as no default or event of default has existed and excess availability has exceeded such amounts for a period of 60 consecutive days, a financial covenant requiring the Company to maintain a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.00x, tested on a quarterly basis. The Company’s fixed charge coverage ratio is defined as the ratio of (1) consolidated Adjusted EBITDA minus unfinanced capital expenditures, cash taxes and cash dividends or distributions, to (2) the sum of all funded debt payments for the four-quarter period then ending (with customary add-backs permitted to consolidated Adjusted EBITDA).

The ABL Facility contains affirmative and negative covenants similar to those in the Term Loan Facility, together with such additional terms as are customary for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained in the Term Loan and ABL Facilities.

Equipment Term Loans and Mortgages

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had term loans collateralized by equipment in the aggregate amount of $193.7 million with 41 lenders (Equipment Term Loans). The Equipment Term Loans bear interest at rates ranging from 1.5% to 10.7%, require monthly payments of principal and interest and mature at various dates through January 2028. Certain of the Equipment Term Loans contain conditions, covenants, representations and warranties, events of default, and indemnification provisions applicable to the Company and certain of its subsidiaries

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that are customary for equipment financings, including, but not limited to, limitations on the incurrence of additional debt and the prepayment of existing indebtedness, certain payments (including dividends and other distributions to persons not party to its credit facility) and transfers of assets.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company has a bank mortgage loan with a balance of $3.4 million incurred to finance the construction of the headquarters and terminal in Redmond, Oregon. The mortgage loan is collateralized by such property and buildings. The mortgage is payable in monthly installments of $15,776, including interest at 3.7% through November 2020.

The interest rate and monthly payments will be adjusted on November 1, 2020 to a rate of 2.5%, plus the three-year advance rate published by the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle in effect 45 days prior to November 1, 2020 (which will not be less than 3.7%). The bank mortgage loan matures November 1, 2023.

Finance and Capital Leases

The Company leases certain equipment under long-term finance and capital lease agreements that expire on various dates through May 2025. As of December 31, 2018, the book value of the property and equipment recorded under capital leases was $16.6 million, net of accumulated depreciation of $7.8 million. Depreciation expense related to capital lease equipment was $0.7 million and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. See Note 2 for information on finance leases.

Future Payments

Future principal payments on long-term debt as of June 30, 2019 are as follows (in millions):


Twelve months ending June 30,	Term Loan Facility		Equipment Term Loans		Total

2020	$	5.0	$	51.1	$	56.1
2021		2.5		43.6		46.1
2022		2.5		36.0		38.5
2023		11.3		27.9		39.2
2024		2.5		27.6		30.1
Thereafter		467.2		10.9		478.1
Total long-term debt	$	491.0	$	197.1	$	688.1

NOTE 9 – INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rates for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were 9.9% and 1,371.0%, respectively, and 14.2% and 666.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These decreases in the effective tax rates are primarily the result of recognized deferred tax liabilities for final valuations of intangible assets related to the December 2017 acquisitions and then remeasured using the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) rates for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily results from state income taxes and nondeductible expenses, including the effect of the per diem pay structure for drivers. State tax rates vary among states and range from approximately 1% to 6%, although some state rates are higher and a small number of states do not impose an income tax.

Regarding the new tax on global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI), which became applicable in 2018 as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA), the Company will treat GILTI as a period cost if and when incurred.

There were no changes in uncertain tax positions during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

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NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

Common stock has voting rights – one vote for each share of common stock.

On February 14, 2018, the Company and one of the Company’s stockholders entered into an underwriting agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC and Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein, in connection with an underwritten public offering of 7,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a price to the public of $10.60 per share. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the Company granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,125,000 shares of common stock, which was exercised in full on February 16, 2018 and closed simultaneously with the offering on February 20, 2018. Net proceeds received by the Company were approximately $84.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company has used and intends to continue to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including, among other things, working capital, capital expenditures, debt repayment or refinancing or the financing of possible future acquisitions.

On June 1, 2018, after having met the earnout provisions contained in the Merger Agreement, the Company issued 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, pro rata among the Private Daseke Stockholders (Earnout Shares).

The Earnout Shares were issued in reliance upon an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) thereof, which exempts transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering on the basis that the securities were offered and sold in a non-public offering to “accredited investors” (as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act). Private Daseke, which refers to Daseke, Inc. and its subsidiaries prior to the merger with Hennessy, engaged a purchaser representative to serve as the purchaser representative for two Private Daseke stockholders who were not “accredited investors,” which purchaser representative met all of the conditions set forth in Rule 501(i) of Regulation D, as required to comply with applicable federal securities laws in connection with the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock to these two Private Daseke stockholders pursuant to the Merger Agreement.

On June 6, 2018, as part of the consideration paid for the Aveda acquisition, the Company issued 1,612,979 shares of Daseke common stock valued at $15.4 million. See Note 3 for additional details about the Aveda acquisition.

On July 1, 2018, as part of the consideration paid for the Kelsey Trail acquisition, the Company issued 95,859 shares of Daseke common stock valued at $0.9 million. See Note 3 for additional details about the Kelsey Trail acquisition.

On August 1, 2018, as part of the consideration paid for the Builders acquisition, the Company issued 399,530 shares of Daseke common stock valued at $3.4 million. See Note 3 for additional details about the Builders acquisition.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company has approximately 1.2 million shares of common stock reserved for future issuances of stock options and restricted stock units under the Company’s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan. See Note 11 for additional details about the Company’s stock-based compensation plan.

Preferred Stock

The Company has issued and outstanding 650,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock with a redemption value of $65.0 million. The par value of Series A Preferred Stock is $0.0001 per share. Additional features of this preferred stock are as follows:

Under the Certificate of Designations, Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series A Preferred Stock (the Certificate of Designations), each share of Series A Preferred Stock will be convertible, at the holder’s option at any time, initially into approximately 8.6957 shares of the Company’s common stock (assuming a conversion price of approximately $11.50 per share), subject to specified adjustments as set forth in the Certificate of Designations. If any holder elects to convert its Series A Preferred Stock after the seven-year anniversary of the issue date, if the then-current Conversion Price (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) exceeds the Weighted Average Price (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) for the common stock during any ten consecutive Trading Days (as defined in the Certificate of Designations), at its option by delivery of a Notice of Conversion in accordance with Section 8(b) of the Certificate of Designations no later than five business days following such tenth consecutive Trading Day, to convert any or all of such holder’s shares of Series A Preferred Stock into, at the Company’s sole discretion, either common stock, cash or a combination of common stock and cash; provided, that the Company shall provide such converting holder notice of its election within two Trading Days of receipt of the Notice of Conversion; provided further, that in the event the Company elects to issue common stock for all or a portion of such conversion, the Conversion Rate for such conversion (subject to the limitations set forth in Section 11 of the Certificate of Designations) shall mean the quotient of the Liquidation Preference (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) divided by the average Weighted Average Price for the common stock during the 20 consecutive Trading Days commencing on the Trading Day immediately following the Trading Day on which the Company provided

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such notice. If the Company does not elect a settlement method prior to the deadline set forth in the Certificate of Designations, the Company shall be deemed to have elected to settle the conversion entirely in common stock. Based on the assumed conversion rate, a total of 5,652,173 shares of common stock would be issuable upon conversion of all of the currently outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock.

On or after the third anniversary of the initial issuance date but prior to the fifth anniversary of the initial issuance date, the Company will have the right, at its option, to give notice of its election to cause all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be automatically converted into shares of the Company’s common stock at the then-effective conversion rate, if the Weighted Average Price of Company’s common stock equals or exceeds 140% of the then-current conversion price for at least 20-trading days (whether or not consecutive) in a period of 30 consecutive trading days. On or after the fifth anniversary of the initial issuance date but prior to the seventh anniversary of the initial issuance date, the Company will have the right, at its option, to give notice of its election to cause all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be automatically converted into shares of Company’s common stock at the then-effective conversion rate, if the Weighted Average Price of Company’s common stock equals or exceeds 115% of the then-current conversion price for at least 20-trading days (whether or not consecutive) in a period of 30 consecutive trading days. On or after the seventh anniversary of the initial issuance date, the Company will have the right, at its option, to give notice of its election to cause all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock to be automatically converted into shares of Company’s common stock at the then-effective conversion rate, if the Weighted Average Price of Company’s common stock equals or exceeds the then-current conversion price for at least 10 consecutive trading days. If the Company undergoes certain fundamental changes (as more fully described in the Certificate of Designations but including, among other things, certain change-in-control transactions, recapitalizations, asset sales and liquidation events), each outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock may, within 15 days following the effective date of such fundamental change and at the election of the holder, be converted into Company’s common stock at a conversion rate (subject to certain adjustments) equal to (i) the greater of (A) the sum of the conversion rate on the effective date of such fundamental change plus the additional shares received by holders of Series A Preferred Stock following such fundamental change (as set forth in the Certificate of Designations) and (B) the quotient of (x) $100.00, divided by (y) the greater of (1) the applicable holder stock price and (2) 66 2/3% of the closing sale price of the Company’s common stock on the issue date plus (ii) the number of shares of Company’s common stock that would be issued if any and all accumulated and unpaid dividends were paid in shares of Company’s common stock.

The Series A Preferred Stock contains limitations that prevent the holders thereof from acquiring shares of the Company’s common stock upon conversion that would result in (i) the number of shares beneficially owned by such holder and its affiliates exceeding 9.99% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock then outstanding or (ii) the Series A Preferred Stock being converted into more than 19.99% of the shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the initial issue date of the Series A Preferred Stock (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend, combination or other similar recapitalization) without, in the latter instance, stockholder approval of such issuance.

Additional features of the Series A Preferred Stock are as follows:

Liquidation – In the event of liquidation, holders of Series A Preferred Stock have preferential rights to liquidation payments over holders of common stock. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be paid out of the assets of the Company at an amount equal to $100 per share plus all accumulated and unpaid dividends.

Dividends – Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are cumulative at the Dividend Rate. The “Dividend Rate” is the rate per annum of 7.625% per share of Series A Preferred Stock on the liquidation preference ($100 per share). Dividends are payable quarterly in arrears in cash or, at the Company’s election and subject to the receipt of the necessary shareholder approval (to the extent necessary), in shares of the Company’s common stock. On February 27, 2019 the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $1.91 per share, which was paid on March 15, 2019. On May 21, 2019, the Company’s board of directors declared a second quarterly dividend of $1.91 per share, which was paid on June 15, 2019. On February 27, 2018 the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $1.91 per share, which was paid on March 15, 2018. On May 22, 2018, the Company’s board of directors declared a second quarterly dividend of $1.91 per share, which was paid on June 20, 2018.

Voting rights – Except as required by Delaware law, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will have no voting rights except with respect to the approval of any material and adverse amendment to the Company’s certificate of incorporation, and certain significant holders of Series A Preferred Stock may have approval rights with respect to certain key economic terms of the Series A Preferred Stock, as set forth in the Certificate of Designations.

Warrants

At June 30, 2019, there were a total of 35,040,658 warrants outstanding to purchase 17,520,329 shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company issued warrants (the Public Warrants) to purchase its common stock which were originally issued as part of units in the initial public offering (the IPO) of Hennessy (as defined below). There are 19,959,902 Public Warrants outstanding. The Company also issued

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15,080,756 warrants (the Private Placement Warrants) to the sponsor in a private placement that closed simultaneously with the consummation of the IPO.

Each warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one-half of one share of the Company’s common stock at a price of $5.75 per one-half of one share ($11.50 per whole share), subject to adjustment. The warrants may be exercised only for a whole number of shares of the Company’s common stock. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the warrants. The warrants will expire on February 27, 2022, five years after the completion of the merger with Hennessy, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. The warrants are listed on the NASDAQ market under the symbol DSKEW.

The Company may call the Public Warrants for redemption at a price of $0.01 per warrant if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $24.00 per share for any 20-trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date the Company sends the notice of redemption to the Public Warrant holders.

NOTE 11 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the Plan), the Company may grant awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stock-based awards and performance awards. Under the Plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 4.5 million shares of common stock. All awards granted were authorized under the Plan. These awards generally vest annually on a pro-rata basis over a five-year period on the anniversary of each grant date. We also grant awards to our directors under the Plan. The awards granted to directors vest ratably over periods of one or five years annually on the anniversary of each grant date.

All stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized on a straight-line basis as expense over the employees’ requisite service period. Forfeitures are recorded as a cumulative adjustment to stock-based compensation expense in the period forfeitures occur. Aggregate stock-based compensation charges, net of forfeitures, were $0.9 million and $0.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $1.9 million and $1.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These expenses are included as a component of salaries, wages and employee benefits on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of June 30, 2019, there was $6.0 million and $5.6 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units, respectively. This expense will be recognized over the weighted average periods of 3.3 years for stock options and 3.1 years for restricted stock units.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option grants under the Plan:


Grantee Type	# of Options Granted	Issued and Outstanding	Vesting Period	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (Per Option)

Director Group	150,000	145,000	5 years	$	9.98	$	4.36
Employee Group	2,384,094	2,268,673	5 years	$	9.22	$	3.99
Total		2,413,673

The Company’s calculations of the fair value of stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 were made using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of the Company’s stock option grants was estimated utilizing the following assumptions for the six months ended June 30, 2019:


Weighted average expected life		6.5 years
Risk-free interest rate		2.55% to 2.58%
Expected volatility		37.50% to 37.51%
Expected dividend yield		0.00%

Since the Company does not have a sufficient history of exercise behavior, expected term is calculated using the assumption that the options will be exercised ratably from the date of vesting to the end of the contractual term for each vesting tranche of awards. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the period of the expected term of the stock option. Expected volatility is calculated using an index of publicly traded peer companies.

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A summary of option activity under the Plan as of June 30, 2019 and changes during the six months then ended are as follows:


	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Terms (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Outstanding as of January 1, 2019	2,066,529	$	10.23	8.5	$	—
Granted	382,500		3.82
Forfeited or expired	(35,356)		10.33
Outstanding as of June 30, 2019	2,413,673	$	9.21	8.3	$	—

Exercisable as of June 30, 2019	624,620	$	10.28	7.8	$	—
Vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2019	2,413,673	$	9.21	8.3	$	—

The stock options’ maximum contract term is ten years. The total weighted average fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $0.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units are nontransferable until vested and the holders are entitled to receive dividends with respect to the non-vested units. Prior to vesting, the grantees of restricted stock units are not entitled to vote the shares. Restricted stock unit awards vest in equal annual increments over the vesting period.

The following table summarizes restricted stock unit grants under the Plan:


Grantee Type	# of Restricted Stock Units Granted	Issued and Outstanding	Vesting Period	Grant Date Fair Value (Per Unit)

Director Group	121,212	89,700	1 year	$	5.78
Employee Group	1,568,655	535,561	5 years	$	10.59
Total		625,261

A summary of restricted stock unit awards activity under the Plan as of June 30, 2019 and changes during the six months then ended are as follows:


	Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (Per Unit)

Non-vested as of January 1, 2019	841,361	$	10.44
Granted	89,700		4.32
Vested	(174,296)		10.19
Forfeited	(131,504)		10.51
Non-vested as of June 30, 2019	625,261	$	9.67

NOTE 12 – DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN

On January 1, 2015, the Company established the Daseke, Inc. 401(k) Retirement Plan (the Retirement Plan). The Retirement Plan is a defined contribution plan and intended to qualify under The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) provisions of 401(k). Under the safe harbor matching requirements, the Company had expenses of $1.4 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $2.8 million and $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company sponsored defined contribution profit-sharing plans, including 401(k) provisions, for substantially all employees of acquired companies whose plans were merged into the Retirement Plan effective January 1, 2019. Matching contributions for 401(k) defined contribution plans not yet merged into the Retirement Plan totaled approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

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NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Letters of Credit

The Company had outstanding letters of credit as of June 30, 2019 totaling approximately $15.9 million, including those disclosed in Note 8. These letters of credit are related to liability and workers compensation insurance claims.

Contingencies

The Company is involved in certain claims and pending litigation arising in the normal course of business. These proceedings primarily involve claims for personal injury or property damage incurred in the transportation of freight or for personnel matters. The Company maintains liability insurance to cover liabilities arising from these matters but is responsible to pay self-insurance and deductibles on such matters up to a certain threshold before the insurance is applied.

NOTE 14 – REPORTABLE SEGMENTS

The Company evaluates the performance of the segments primarily based on their respective revenues and operating income. Accordingly, interest expense and other non-operating items are not reported in segment results. In addition, the Company has disclosed a corporate segment, which is not an operating segment and includes acquisition transaction expenses, corporate salaries, interest expense and other corporate administrative expenses and intersegment eliminations.

The Company’s operating segments also provide transportation and related services for one another. Such services are generally billed at cost, and no profit is earned. Such intersegment revenues and expenses are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated results. Intersegment revenues and expenses for the Flatbed Solutions segment totaled $2.5 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $4.6 million and $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Intersegment revenues and expenses for the Specialized Solutions segment totaled $2.0 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $4.1 million and $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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The following tables reflect certain financial data of the Company’s reportable segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):


	Flatbed		Specialized
	Solutions		Solutions		Corporate/		Consolidated
	Segment		Segment		Eliminations		Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Total revenue	$	174.9	$	280.7	$	(5.0)	$	450.6
Company freight		55.0		154.5		(2.6)		206.9
Owner operator freight		73.4		49.6		(1.3)		121.7
Brokerage		25.7		47.7		(0.6)		72.8
Logistics		0.6		12.5		—		13.1
Fuel surcharge		20.2		16.4		(0.5)		36.1
Operating income (loss)		6.1		11.1		(12.5)		4.7
Depreciation		12.3		23.4		0.1		35.8
Amortization of intangible assets		1.3		2.6		—		3.9
Non-cash operating lease expense		3.1		3.5		0.1		6.7
Interest expense		2.7		3.3		6.7		12.7
Income (loss) before income tax		3.5		8.1		(18.7)		(7.1)
Total assets		501.5		932.4		69.1		1,503.0
Cash capital expenditures		2.3		5.4		0.5		8.2

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Total revenue	$	162.2	$	218.4	$	(3.7)	$	376.9
Company freight		46.2		116.3		(2.5)		160.0
Owner operator freight		72.3		40.9		(0.6)		112.6
Brokerage		23.9		36.4		(0.2)		60.1
Logistics		0.7		8.2		—		8.9
Fuel surcharge		19.1		16.6		(0.4)		35.3
Operating income (loss)		9.3		7.1		(7.9)		8.5
Depreciation		6.7		18.8		—		25.5
Amortization of intangible assets		2.5		3.7		—		6.2
Interest expense		2.0		2.7		6.4		11.1
Income (loss) before income tax		7.4		4.6		(13.0)		(1.0)
Total assets		409.5		857.3		57.3		1,324.1
Cash capital expenditures		1.9		21.4		0.2		23.5

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	Flatbed		Specialized
	Solutions		Solutions		Corporate/		Consolidated
	Segment		Segment		Eliminations		Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Total revenue	$	343.0	$	550.2	$	(9.6)	$	883.6
Company freight		110.2		308.4		(5.5)		413.1
Owner operator freight		142.0		93.3		(2.6)		232.7
Brokerage		51.1		93.7		(0.6)		144.2
Logistics		1.3		24.2		—		25.5
Fuel surcharge		38.4		30.6		(0.9)		68.1
Operating income (loss)		9.4		18.8		(22.8)		5.4
Depreciation		25.4		47.4		0.2		73.0
Amortization of intangible assets		3.0		5.2		—		8.2
Non-cash operating lease expense		5.5		7.6		0.2		13.3
Interest expense		5.3		6.6		13.5		25.4
Income (loss) before income tax		4.4		13.1		(35.8)		(18.3)
Cash capital expenditures		2.9		8.2		1.0		12.1

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Total revenue	$	307.2	$	403.3	$	(6.0)	$	704.5
Company freight		91.4		217.0		(3.8)		304.6
Owner operator freight		131.6		77.6		(1.1)		208.1
Brokerage		46.9		59.6		(0.3)		106.2
Logistics		1.4		18.3		(0.1)		19.6
Fuel surcharge		35.9		30.8		(0.7)		66.0
Operating income (loss)		16.2		12.3		(12.2)		16.3
Depreciation		13.7		35.1		—		48.8
Amortization of intangible assets		2.9		5.2		—		8.1
Interest expense		3.8		5.2		12.4		21.4
Income (loss) before income tax		12.6		8.2		(23.0)		(2.2)
Cash capital expenditures		2.4		28.3		0.4		31.1

NOTE 15 – LOSS PER SHARE


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)	2019		2018		2019		2018

Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	(6.4)	$	13.5	$	(15.7)	$	12.7
Less Series A preferred dividends		(1.3)		(1.3)		(2.5)		(2.5)
Allocation of earnings to non-vested participating restricted stock units		—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	(7.7)	$	12.0	$	(18.2)	$	10.0

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		64.5		59.5		64.5		56.9
Weighted average non-vested participating restricted stock units		—		1.1		—		1.0
Denominator for basic and diluted EPS – weighted-average shares		64.5		60.6		64.5		57.9

Basic and diluted EPS	$	(0.12)	$	0.20	$	(0.28)	$	0.17

NOTE 16 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On July 30, 2019, the Company internally announced a plan to integrate three operating segments with three other operating segments (Project Synchronize or the Plan), which will reduce the number of operating segments from 16 to 13. The Plan is being implemented to streamline and reduce the Company’s cost structure, improve asset utilization and capitalize on operational synergies. The Company is in the process of determining the estimated impact of Project Synchronize on the financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Introductory Note

On February 27, 2017, Hennessy Capital Acquisition Corp. II (Hennessy), a special purpose acquisition corporation, consummated the merger of Hennessy’s wholly-owned subsidiary with and into Daseke, Inc. (Daseke or the Company), with Daseke, Inc. surviving as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Hennessy (the Business Combination). Upon consummation of the Business Combination, Daseke, Inc. changed its name to Daseke Companies, Inc. and Hennessy changed its name to Daseke, Inc.

Daseke is a leading provider and consolidator of transportation and logistics solutions focused exclusively on flatbed and specialized (open-deck) freight in North America. The transportation and logistics market is one of the largest industries in the United States. The flatbed and specialized freight market currently represents approximately 10% of the more than 1.5 million trucks used in the broader transportation and logistics market.

The Company believes it provides one of the most comprehensive transportation and logistics solution offerings in the open-deck industry. The Company delivers a diverse offering of transportation and logistics solutions to approximately 5,900 customers across the continental United States, Canada and Mexico through two reportable segments: Flatbed Solutions and Specialized Solutions. The Flatbed Solutions segment focuses on delivering transportation and logistics solutions that principally require the use of flatbed and retractable-sided transportation equipment, and the Specialized Solutions segment focuses on delivering transportation and logistics solutions that require the use of specialized trailering transportation equipment.

Both of the Company’s reportable segments operate highly flexible business models comprised of company-owned tractors and trailers and asset-light operations (which consist of owner-operator transportation, freight brokerage and logistics). The Company’s asset-based operations have the benefit of providing shippers with certainty of delivery and continuity of operations. Alternatively, the Company’s asset-light operations offer flexibility and scalability to meet customers’ dynamic needs and have lower capital expenditure requirements and fixed costs.

Recent Developments

On June 6, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Aveda, for total consideration of $118.7 million, consisting of $27.3 million in cash, 1,612,979 shares of Daseke common stock valued at $15.4 million, the payoff of $54.8 million of outstanding debt and contingent consideration of $21.2 million. Aveda transports equipment required for the exploration, development and production of petroleum resources in the United States and Canada, expanding the Specialized Segment.

On August 1, 2018, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Builders based in Memphis, Tennessee for total consideration of $36.3 million, consisting of $30.0 million in cash, 399,530 shares of Daseke common stock valued at $3.4 million and the payoff of $2.9 million of outstanding debt. Builders transports metals and building materials, expanding the Flatbed Segment.

On July 1 and August 1, 2018, the Company closed two acquisitions to acquire 100% of the outstanding shares of the entities for aggregate consideration of $21.1 million, consisting of $20.1 million in cash and 95,859 shares of Daseke common stock valued at $0.9 million. Additionally, the Company assumed approximately $10.6 million of debt and capital lease obligations. These two acquisitions expand operations in the northwest United States and Canada, in the Flatbed and Specialized Segments.

On July 30, 2019, the Company internally announced a plan to integrate three operating segments with three other operating segments (the Plan), which will reduce the number of operating segments from 16 to 13. As a result of the Plan, Builders Transportation will merge into Hornady Transportation, Moore Freight Service into E.W. Wylie, and the Schilli Companies into Lone Star Transportation. The Plan is being implemented to streamline and reduce the Company’s cost structure, improve asset utilization and capitalize on operational synergies, which is expected to improve annual operating income by $10.0 million in fiscal 2020 and by an additional $5.0 million to $10.0 million in fiscal 2021. Additionally, the Company announced the planned implementation of Business Improvement Plans, which are expected to increase profitability by right-sizing trailer-to-tractor ratios, yielding management capacity allocations, and improving maintenance execution annually beginning in fiscal year 2020 in the amount of $5.0 million.

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How The Company Evaluates Its Operations

The Company uses a number of primary indicators to monitor its revenue and expense performance and efficiency, including Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow, Adjusted Operating Ratio and Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and its key drivers of revenue quality, growth, expense control and operating efficiency. Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow, Adjusted Operating Ratio and Adjusted Net Income (Loss) are not recognized measures under GAAP and should not be considered alternatives to, or more meaningful than, net income (loss), cash flows from operating activities, operating income, operating ratio, operating margin or any other measure derived in accordance with GAAP. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information on the Company’s use of these non-GAAP measures, as well as a description of the computation and reconciliation of the Company’s Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow, and Adjusted Net Income (Loss) to net income (loss) and Adjusted Operating Ratio to operating ratio.

Revenue

The Company records four types of revenue: freight (company and owner operator), brokerage, logistics and fuel surcharge. Freight revenue is generated by hauling freight for the Company’s customers using its trucks or its owner-operators’ equipment. Generally, the Company’s customers pay for its services based on the number of miles in the most direct route between pick-up and delivery locations and other ancillary services the Company provides. Freight revenue is the product of the number of revenue-generating miles driven and the rate per mile the Company receives from customers plus accessorial charges, such as loading and unloading freight for its customers, cargo protection, fees for detaining its equipment or fees for route planning and supervision. Freight revenue is affected by fluctuations in North American economic activity as well as changes in specific customer demand, the level of capacity in the industry and driver availability.

The Company’s brokerage revenue is generated by its use of third-party carriers when it needs capacity to move its customers’ loads. The main factor that affects brokerage revenue is the availability of the Company’s drivers and owner-operators (and hence the need for third-party carriers) and the rate for the load. Brokerage revenue is also affected by fluctuations in North American economic activity as well as changes in the level of capacity in the industry and driver availability.

Logistics revenue is generated from a range of services, including value-added warehousing, loading and unloading, vehicle maintenance and repair, preparation and packaging, fuel management, and other fleet management solutions. Logistics revenue is primarily driven by specific customer requirements for additional services and may fluctuate depending on customers’ utilization of these services due to changes in cargo specifications, delivery staging and fluctuations in North American economic activity.

Fuel surcharges are designed to compensate the Company for fuel costs above a certain cost per gallon base. Generally, the Company receives fuel surcharges on the miles for which it is compensated by customers. However, the Company continues to have exposure to increasing fuel costs related to empty miles, fuel efficiency due to engine idle time and other factors and to the extent the surcharge paid by the customer is insufficient. The main factors that affect fuel surcharge revenue are the price of diesel fuel and the number of loaded miles. In general, a declining energy and fuel price environment, such as in the first half of 2019, negatively affects the Company’s fuel surcharge revenues, and conversely, an environment with rising fuel and energy prices benefits its fuel surcharge revenues. Although the Company’s surcharge programs vary by customer, they typically involve a computation based on the change in national or regional fuel prices. The Company’s fuel surcharges are billed on a lagging basis, meaning it typically bills customers in the current week based on a previous week’s applicable index. Therefore, in times of increasing fuel prices, the Company does not recover as much as it is currently paying for fuel. In periods of declining prices, the opposite is true. Also, its fuel surcharge programs typically require a specified minimum change in fuel cost to prompt a change in fuel surcharge revenue. Therefore, many of these programs have a time lag between when fuel costs change and when the change is reflected in fuel surcharge revenue.

Expenses

The Company’s most significant expenses vary with miles traveled and include driver wages, services purchased from owner-operators and other transportation providers (which are recorded on the “Purchased freight” line of the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss)) and fuel. Driver-related expenses vary with miles traveled, however the Company currently expects its expenses relating to driver wages to remain stable in the near-term as a result of driver wage increases implemented in the second half of 2018 to address the shortage of qualified drivers in the general trucking industry, compared to demand at that time. The expectation of stable driver wages paid per mile are due to current market conditions caused by shippers’ downward pressure on rates resulting in some easing of capacity in the industry.

Maintenance and tire expenses and cost of insurance and claims generally vary with the miles the Company travels but also have a controllable component based on safety improvements, fleet age, efficiency and other factors. The Company’s primary fixed costs are depreciation of long-term assets (such as tractors, trailers and terminals), interest expense, rent and non-driver compensation.

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The Company’s fuel surcharge programs help to offset increases in fuel prices but typically do not offset empty miles, idle time and out of route miles driven. As discussed above under “Revenue”, its fuel surcharge programs have a time lag between when fuel costs change and when the change is reflected in fuel surcharge revenue. Due to this time lag, the Company’s fuel expense, net of fuel surcharge, negatively impacts its operating income during periods of sharply rising fuel costs and positively impacts its operating income during periods of falling fuel costs. In general, due to the fuel surcharge programs, its operating income is less negatively affected by an environment with higher, stable fuel prices than an environment with lower fuel prices. In addition to its fuel surcharge programs, the Company believes the most effective protection against fuel cost increases is to maintain a fuel-efficient fleet by incorporating fuel efficiency measures. Also, the Company has arrangements with some of its significant fuel suppliers to buy the majority of its fuel at contracted pricing schedules that fluctuate with the market price of diesel fuel. The Company has not used derivatives as a hedge against higher fuel costs in the past but continues to evaluate this possibility.

Factors Affecting the Comparability of the Company’s Financial Results

Acquisitions

The comparability of the Company’s results of operations among the periods presented is impacted by the acquisitions listed below. Also, as a result of the below acquisitions, the Company’s historical results of operations may not be comparable or indicative of future results.

Specialized Solutions Acquisitions

Kelsey Trail Acquisition – Effective July 1, 2018, a Company subsidiary acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Kelsey Trail, to strengthen and grow its operations in Canada.

Aveda Acquisition – Effective June 6, 2018, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Aveda, to expand its capabilities to include the specialized transportation of equipment required for the exploration, development and production of petroleum resources in the United States and Canada.

The Company refers to the acquisitions described above collectively as the “Specialized Solutions Acquisitions.”

Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions

Builders Acquisition – Effective August 1, 2018, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Builders, to expand its presence in the steel and construction materials markets.

Leavitt’s Acquisition – Effective August 1, 2018, a Company subsidiary acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Leavitt’s, to strengthen its operations in Central Oregon and expand its capabilities to the lumber industry.

The Company refers to the acquisitions described above collectively as the “Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions.”

The Company refers to the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions and Specialized Solutions Acquisitions described above collectively as the “Recent Acquisitions.”

Daseke Fleet Services

In May 2018, the Company launched Daseke Fleet Services (DFS) as a new department to support the Company’s growing scale by leveraging areas such as purchasing, equipment optimization and maintenance to improve cost efficiencies in ways that support both the Company’s operating companies and overall organic growth.

DFS focuses on lifecycle management of revenue equipment including maximization of national purchasing power, enhanced maintenance programs, strategic disposition of assets, and high-level warranty management. The formation of DFS is expected to reduce operating expenses which will improve the Company’s operating income, operating ratio and margins.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth items derived from the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 in dollars and as a percentage of total revenue and the increase or decrease in the dollar amounts of those items.


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)	$		%	$		%	$		%

REVENUE:
Company freight	$	206.9	45.9	$	160.0	42.5	$	46.9	29.3
Owner operator freight		121.7	27.0		112.6	29.9		9.1	8.1
Brokerage		72.8	16.2		60.1	15.9		12.7	21.1
Logistics		13.1	2.9		8.9	2.4		4.2	47.2
Fuel surcharge		36.1	8.0		35.3	9.4		0.8	2.3
Total revenue		450.6	100.0		376.9	100.0		73.7	19.6

OPERATING EXPENSES:
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		124.3	27.6		90.7	24.1		33.6	37.0
Fuel		36.2	8.0		31.3	8.3		4.9	15.7
Operations and maintenance		53.1	11.8		40.4	10.7		12.7	31.4
Communications		1.2	0.3		0.8	0.2		0.4	50.0
Purchased freight		156.4	34.7		141.6	37.6		14.8	10.5
Administrative expenses		17.2	3.8		13.1	3.5		4.1	31.3
Sales and marketing		1.3	0.3		0.8	0.2		0.5	62.5
Taxes and licenses		5.0	1.1		3.9	1.0		1.1	28.2
Insurance and claims		12.2	2.7		10.4	2.8		1.8	17.3
Acquisition-related transaction expenses		—	—		1.4	0.4		(1.4)	(100.0)
Depreciation and amortization		39.7	8.8		31.7	8.4		8.0	25.2
Gain on disposition of property and equipment		(0.7)	(0.2)		(0.5)	(0.1)		(0.2)	40.0
Impairment		—	—		2.8	0.7		(2.8)	(100.0)
Total operating expenses		445.9	99.0		368.4	97.7		77.5	21.0
Operating ratio		99.0%			97.7%
Adjusted operating ratio(1)		96.8%			93.6%
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		4.7	1.0		8.5	2.3		(3.8)	(44.7)

Other expense (income):
Interest income		(0.2)	*		(0.6)	(0.2)		0.4	(66.7)
Interest expense		12.7	2.8		11.1	3.0		1.6	14.4
Other		(0.7)	(0.2)		(1.0)	(0.3)		0.3	(30.0)
Total other expense		11.8	2.6		9.5	2.5		2.3	24.2

Loss before benefit for income taxes		(7.1)	(1.6)		(1.0)	(0.3)		(6.1)	610.0
Benefit for income taxes		(0.7)	(0.2)		(14.5)	(3.8)		13.8	(95.2)
Net income (loss)	$	(6.4)	(1.4)	$	13.5	3.6	$	(19.9)	(147.4)

OPERATING STATISTICS:
Total miles (in millions)(2)(3)		123.7			113.1			10.6	9.4
Company-operated tractors, as of quarter-end		3,808			3,477			331	9.5
Owner-operated tractors, as of quarter-end		2,392			2,185			207	9.5
Number of trailers, as of quarter-end		13,582			12,614			968	7.7

Company-operated tractors, average for the quarter		3,826			3,220			606	18.8
Owner-operated tractors, average for the quarter		2,360			2,113			247	11.7
Total tractors, average for the quarter		6,186			5,333			853	16.0

*indicates not meaningful.

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(1)

Adjusted Operating Ratio is not a recognized measure under GAAP. For a definition of Adjusted Operating Ratio and reconciliation of Adjusted Operating Ratio to operating ratio, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

(2)

Total miles includes company and owner operator and excludes brokerage.

(3)

Miles are estimated based on information received as the date of filing. Miles may change quarter to quarter when final information is received from each operating segment.

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The following table sets forth the Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s revenue, operating expenses, operating ratio, Adjusted Operating Ratio and operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 in dollars and as a percentage of its Specialized Solutions segment’s total revenue and the increase or decrease in the dollar amounts of those items. The following table also sets forth certain operating statistics for the Company’s Specialized Solutions segment for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

SPECIALIZED SOLUTIONS


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)	$		%	$		%	$		%

REVENUE(1):
Company freight	$	154.5	55.0	$	116.3	53.3	$	38.2	32.8
Owner operator freight		49.6	17.7		40.9	18.7		8.7	21.3
Brokerage		47.7	17.0		36.4	16.7		11.3	31.0
Logistics		12.5	4.5		8.2	3.8		4.3	52.4
Fuel surcharge		16.4	5.8		16.6	7.6		(0.2)	(1.2)
Total revenue		280.7	100.0		218.4	100.0		62.3	28.5

OPERATING EXPENSES(1):
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		82.7	29.5		62.2	28.5		20.5	33.0
Fuel		23.4	8.3		20.0	9.2		3.4	17.0
Operations and maintenance		39.9	14.2		29.4	13.5		10.5	35.7
Purchased freight		78.6	28.0		60.4	27.7		18.2	30.1
Depreciation and amortization		26.0	9.3		22.5	10.3		3.5	15.6
Impairment		—	-		2.8	1.3		(2.8)	(100.0)
Other operating expenses		19.0	6.8		14.0	6.4		5.0	35.7
Total operating expenses		269.6	96.0		211.3	96.7		58.3	27.6
Operating ratio		96.0%			96.7%
Adjusted operating ratio(2)		93.2%			91.7%
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS	$	11.1	4.0	$	7.1	3.3	$	4.0	56.3

OPERATING STATISTICS:
Total miles (in millions)(3)(4)		57.6			54.6			3.0	5.5
Company-operated tractors, at quarter-end		2,481			2,460			21	0.9
Owner-operated tractors, at quarter-end		690			611			79	12.9
Number of trailers, at quarter-end		8,453			8,210			243	3.0

Company-operated tractors, average for the quarter		2,490			2,159			331	15.3
Owner-operated tractors, average for the quarter		671			581			90	15.5
Total tractors, average for the quarter		3,161			2,740			421

*indicates not meaningful.

(1)

Includes intersegment revenues and expenses, as applicable, which are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated results.

(2)

(3)

Total miles includes company and owner operator and excludes brokerage.

(4)

Miles are estimated based on information received as the date of filing. Miles may change quarter to quarter when final information is received from each operating segment.

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The following table sets forth the Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s revenue, operating expenses, operating ratio, Adjusted Operating Ratio and operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 in dollars and as a percentage of its Flatbed Solutions segment’s total revenue and the increase or decrease in the dollar amounts of those items. The following table also sets forth certain operating statistics for the Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

FLATBED SOLUTIONS


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)	$		%	$		%	$		%

REVENUE(1):
Company freight	$	55.0	31.4	$	46.2	28.5	$	8.8	19.0
Owner operator freight		73.4	42.0		72.3	44.6		1.1	1.5
Brokerage		25.7	14.7		23.9	14.7		1.8	7.5
Logistics		0.6	0.3		0.7	0.4		(0.1)	(14.3)
Fuel surcharge		20.2	11.6		19.1	11.8		1.1	5.8
Total revenue		174.9	100.0		162.2	100.0		12.7	7.8

OPERATING EXPENSES(1):
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		34.9	20.0		27.2	16.8		7.7	28.3
Fuel		12.8	7.3		11.4	7.0		1.4	12.3
Operations and maintenance		13.0	7.4		10.9	6.7		2.1	19.3
Purchased freight		82.8	47.3		84.9	52.3		(2.1)	(2.5)
Depreciation and amortization		13.6	7.8		9.2	5.7		4.4	47.8
Other operating expenses		11.7	6.7		9.3	5.7		2.4	25.8
Total operating expenses		168.8	96.5		152.9	94.3		15.9	10.4
Operating ratio		96.5%			94.3%
Adjusted operating ratio(2)		95.5%			92.3%
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS	$	6.1	3.5	$	9.3	5.7	$	(3.2)	(34.4)

OPERATING STATISTICS:
Total miles (in millions)(3)(4)		66.1			58.5			7.6	13.0
Company-operated tractors, at quarter-end		1,327			1,017			310	30.5
Owner-operated tractors, at quarter-end		1,702			1,574			128	8.1
Number of trailers, at quarter-end		5,129			4,404			725	16.5

Company-operated tractors, average for the quarter		1,336			1,061			275	25.9
Owner-operated tractors, average for the quarter		1,689			1,532			157	10.2
Total tractors, average for the quarter		3,025			2,593			432	16.7

*indicates not meaningful.

(1)

Includes intersegment revenues and expenses, as applicable, which are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated results.

(2)

(3)

Total miles includes company and owner operator and excludes brokerage.

(4)

Miles are estimated based on information received as the date of filing. Miles may change quarter to quarter when final information is received from each operating segment.

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Revenue. Total revenue increased 19.6% to $450.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $376.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to the Recent Acquisitions of $63.0 million. The increase in total revenue, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, was an increase of $10.7 million, or 2.9%, due primarily to increases in company freight, owner operator freight and brokerage revenue. Company freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $45.0 million, increased $1.9 million, or 1.2%, from $160.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $161.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Owner operator freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $6.1 million, increased $3.0 million, or 2.7%, from $112.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $115.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Brokerage revenue, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $8.6 million, increased $4.1 million, or 6.9%, from $60.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $64.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as a result of the growth in our brokerage operations. The increases in company freight and owner operator freight revenue, excluding the Recent Acquisitions, were primarily a result of a 1.7% increase in rate per mile and an increase in wind and oil energy projects, and a slight increase in miles. Logistics, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $0.4 million, increased $3.8 million, or 43.0%, from $8.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $12.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as a result of increases in logistics activities. Fuel surcharges, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $3.0 million, decreased $2.1 million, or 6.0%, from $35.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $33.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s revenue was $280.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $218.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of 28.5%, which was primarily due to the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions. The increase in revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $41.9 million, was an increase of $18.6 million, or 8.5%, due to increases in company freight, owner operator freight, brokerage revenue and logistics. Company freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $29.9 million, increased $7.3 million, or 6.3%, from $116.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $123.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Owner operator freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $4.2 million, increased $4.4 million, or 10.7%, from $40.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $45.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Brokerage revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $6.9 million, increased $3.7 million, or 10.1%, from $36.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $40.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as noted above. The increases in company freight and owner operator freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, were primarily a result of a 6.6% increase in rate per mile and an increase in wind and oil energy projects compared to the same period in 2018. Logistics, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $0.4 million, increased 47.2% to $12.1 million from $8.2 million compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of increases in logistics activites. Fuel surcharges, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $0.5 million, decreased 4.1% compared to the same period in 2018.

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The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s revenue was $174.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $162.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of 7.8%, which was primarily the result of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $21.1 million. The decrease in revenue, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions was 6.1%, or $9.9 million, due to decreases in company freight, owner operator freight and fuel surcharge revenue. Company freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $15.1 million, decreased $6.9 million, or 15.0%, from $46.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $39.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Owner operator freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $1.8 million, decreased $1.4 million, or 1.9%, from $72.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $71.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Brokerage revenue, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $1.7 million, increased $0.2 million, or 0.7%, from $23.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $24.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decreases in company freight and owner operator freight, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, was a result of a 0.6% decrease in miles and a 6.5% decrease in rate per mile compared to the same period in 2018. Fuel surcharges, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $2.5 million, decreased $1.6 million, or 8.5%, from $19.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $17.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Salaries, Wages and Employee Benefits. Salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, which consists of compensation for all employees, is primarily affected by the number of miles driven by Company drivers, the rate per mile paid to Company drivers, employee benefits including, but not limited to, health care and workers’ compensation, and to a lesser extent, the number of, and compensation and benefits paid to, non-driver employees. In general, the Specialized Solutions segment drivers receive a higher driver pay per total mile than Flatbed Solutions segment drivers due to the former requiring a higher level of training and expertise. Driver pay rate increases implemented during the second half of 2018 to address the general driver shortage are reflected in results for the current quarter. The Company does not expect further driver pay rate increases given the current market and downward rate pressures.

Salaries, wages and employee benefits expense increased 37.0% to $124.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $90.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to the Recent Acquisitions. The increase in salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $23.1 million, was 11.7%, or $10.6 million, and was primarily due to increased employee compensation due to an increase in the number of Company drivers and higher driver pay rates implemented in the second half of 2018, an increase in headcount at the corporate office to support the scale and strategic growth of the Company, and increases in healthcare costs. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, as a percentage of consolidated revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 2.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment had a $20.5 million, or 33.0%, increase in salaries, wages and employee benefits expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $14.3 million. The increase, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, was 10.0%, or $6.2 million, and was primarily due to increased employee compensation due to an increase in the number of Company drivers and higher driver pay rates implemented in the second half of 2018, and an increase in healthcare costs, as discussed above. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, as a percentage of Specialized Solutions revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 0.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment had a $7.7 million, or 28.3%, increase in salaries, wages and employee benefits expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, which resulted in a $8.8 million increase. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, salaries, wages and employee benefit expense decreased 3.8%, or $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, as a percentage of Flatbed Solutions revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 0.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. This increase is a result of a decrease in revenue, excluding the impact of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, and higher driver pay rates implemented in the second half of 2018.

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Fuel. Fuel expense consists primarily of diesel fuel expense for company-owned tractors and fuel taxes. The primary factors affecting fuel expense are the cost of diesel fuel, the miles per gallon realized with company equipment and the number of miles driven by Company drivers.

*Fuel expense excludes the effect of the Recent Acquisitions.

Total fuel expense increased $4.9 million, or 15.7%, to $36.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $31.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. This increase was primarily a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $6.9 million. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, fuel expense decreased 6.7%, or $2.1 million. The U.S. national average diesel fuel price, as published by the U.S. Department of Energy, was $3.123 for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $3.190 for the same period in 2018. Total miles driven, excluding the Recent Acquisitions, increased 0.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s fuel expense increased 17.0% to $23.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $20.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as the result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $3.6 million. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, fuel expense in the Specialized Solutions segment decreased 0.7% to $19.8 million as a result of a decrease in average diesel fuel price, offset by an increase of 1.2% in company miles, excluding the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s fuel expense increased 12.3% to $12.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $11.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $3.4 million. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, fuel expense in the Flatbed Solutions segment decreased 17.1% or $1.9 million. Company miles, excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, decreased 10.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.

Operations and Maintenance. Operations and maintenance expense consists primarily of ordinary vehicle repairs and maintenance, costs associated with preparing tractors and trailers for sale or trade-in, driver recruiting, training and safety costs, permitting and pilot car fees and other general operations expenses. Operations and maintenance expense is primarily affected by the age of company-owned tractors and trailers, the number of miles driven in a period and driver turnover.

Operations and maintenance expense increased 31.4% to $53.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $40.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $9.1 million. After adjusting for the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense increased 8.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense, as a percentage of consolidated revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 0.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of normal equipment trade cycles and related expenses.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s operations and maintenance expense increased $10.5 million, or 35.7%, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $6.8 million. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense increased $3.7 million, or 12.6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of an increase of 1.2% in company miles, net of Specialized Solutions Acquisitions miles, increased pilot car and permit expenses and an increase in maintenance expense, due to normal replacement cycles of tractors and trailers. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense, as a percentage of Specialized Solutions revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 0.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

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The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s operations and maintenance expense increased $2.1 million, or 19.3%, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $2.4 million. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense decreased $0.2 million, or 2.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of an decrease in maintenance expense, due to normal replacement cycles of tractors and trailers. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense, as a percentage of Flatbed Solutions revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 0.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

Purchased Freight. Purchased freight expense consists of the payments to owner-operators, including fuel surcharge reimbursements, and payments to third-party capacity providers that haul loads brokered to them. Purchased freight expense generally takes into account changes in diesel fuel prices, resulting in lower payments during periods of declining fuel prices.

Total purchased freight expense increased 10.5% from $141.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $156.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $12.9 million. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions on purchased freight expense, total purchased freight expense increased 1.4% to $143.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Purchased freight expense from owner-operators, excluding the Recent Acquisitions, decreased 2.9% from $93.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $91.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of an increase in owner operator margin. Purchased freight expense from third-party capacity providers, excluding the Recent Acquisitions, increased 7.8% from $43.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $47.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of higher rates and increased utilization of third-party capacity providers. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, purchased freight expense, as a percentage of consolidated revenue, decreased 0.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of the higher margin from the owner-operators.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s purchased freight expense increased 30.1% to $78.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $60.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions on purchased freight expense, total purchased freight expense increased 10.5% to $66.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Purchased freight expense from owner-operators, excluding the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, increased 9.2% from $30.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $33.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of an increase in the utilization of owner operators. Purchased freight expense from third-party capacity providers, excluding the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, increased 13.3% from $26.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $29.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of higher rates and increased utilization of third-party capacity providers. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, purchased freight expense, as a percentage of Specialized Solutions revenue, increased 0.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of higher utilization of owner-operators and third-party capacity providers.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s purchased freight expense decreased 2.5% to $82.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, which including the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $2.8 million, from $84.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, the Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s purchased freight expense decreased 7.6% to $78.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. Purchased freight expense from owner-operators, excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, decreased 8.8% to $57.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $63.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as a result of improved margin from owner operators. Purchased freight expense from third-party capacity providers, excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, increased 5.7% from $17.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $18.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of increased utilization of third-party capacity providers. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, purchased freight expense, as a percentage of Flatbed Solutions revenue, decreased 0.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of the higher margin from the owner-operators.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense consists primarily of depreciation for company-owned tractors and trailers and amortization of those financed with finance leases. The primary factors affecting these expense items include the size and age of company-owned tractors and trailers and the cost of new equipment. Amortization of intangible assets is also included in this expense.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased 25.2% to $39.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $31.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $7.9 million. Amortization of intangible assets and net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets impact on expense was $3.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively. After adjusting for the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, depreciation and amortization expense decreased 0.2% as a result of an approximately 90 tractor decrease in the Company’s fleet, offset by $5.1 million of depreciation expense recognized on assets available for lease and leased to owner-operators due to the impact of the adoption of ASC 842 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.

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The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s depreciation and amortization expense increased 15.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 as a result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions. Amortization of intangible assets and net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets impact on expense was $2.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively. After adjusting for the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $6.1 million, depreciation and amortization expense decreased $2.6 million as a result of an approximately 60 tractor decrease in the segment’s fleet, offset by $0.7 million of depreciation expense recognized on assets available for lease and leased to owner-operators due to the impact of the adoption of ASC 842 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s depreciation and amortization expense increased 47.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018. Amortization of intangible assets and net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets impact on expense was $1.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, depreciation and amortization expense increased $2.5 million as a result of the impact of adoption of ASC 842 which resulted in the recognition of $4.4 million of depreciation expense on assets available for lease and leased to owner-operators, offset by the impact of a reduction of approximately 30 tractors in the segment’s fleet for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018.

Taxes and Licenses. Operating taxes and licenses expense primarily represents the costs of taxes and licenses associated with the Company’s fleet of equipment and will vary according to the size of its equipment fleet. Taxes and license expense increased from $3.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $5.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $1.0 million, operating taxes and license expense, as a percentage of revenue, was 1.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Insurance and Claims. Insurance and claims expense consists of insurance premiums and the accruals the Company makes for estimated payments and expenses for claims for bodily injury, property damage, cargo damage and other casualty events. The primary factor affecting the Company’s insurance and claims expense is seasonality (the Company typically experiences higher accident frequency in winter months), the frequency and severity of accidents, trends in the development factors used in its accruals and developments in large, prior-year claims. The frequency of accidents tends to increase with the miles the Company travels. Insurance and claims expense increased 17.3% to $12.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $10.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, partially as a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $1.4 million. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, insurance and claims, as a percentage of revenue, was 2.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Operating Income. Operating income decreased 44.7% to $4.7 million, or 1.0% of revenue, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $8.5 million, or 2.3% of revenue, for the three months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of both the increase in owner operator freight and brokerage revenue which produces lower margins than company freight and increases in salaries and wages, fuel expense, maintenance expense and depreciation and amortization. Excluding the impact of the Recent Acquisitions, operating income decreased $2.3 million or 26.7%. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, operating income as a percentage of revenue was 1.6%.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s operating income was $11.1 million, or 4.0% of revenue, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and $7.1 million, or 3.3% of revenue, for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of 56.3%, primarily as a result of an increase in the segment’s company freight, owner operator freight, brokerage and logistics revenue and the resulting increase in salaries and wages, fuel expense, maintenance expense, services purchased from owner-operators and third-party capacity providers and depreciation and amortization. Excluding the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, the segment’s operating income increased $5.4 million or 75.5%. Excluding the impact of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, operating income as a percentage of revenue was 5.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 3.3% for the same period in 2018.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s operating income was $6.1 million, or 3.5% of revenue, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and $9.3 million, or 5.7% of revenue, for the three months ended June 30, 2018, a decrease of 34.4%, primarily as a result of the increase in owner operator freight and brokerage revenue with lower margins than company freight and increases in salaries and wages, fuel costs, operations and maintenance and insurance and claims. Excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, the segment’s operating income decreased $3.0 million or 32.5%.

Interest Expense. Interest expense consists of cash interest and amortization of debt issuance costs and fees and prepayment penalties. Interest expense increased 14.4% to $12.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $11.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018. This increase was primarily attributable to higher interest rates on the Term Loan Facility and increases in equipment term loan and finance lease outstanding balances.

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Income Tax. Benefit for income taxes decreased from $14.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease is primarily the result of recognized deferred tax liabilities for final valuations of intangible assets related to acquisitions made in December 2017 and then remeasured using the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) rates, which resulted in the recognition of an approximately $14.0 million deferred tax benefit during the three months ended June 30, 2018. The effective tax rate was 9.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to 1,371.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The effective income tax rate varies from the federal statutory rate primarily due to state income taxes and the impact of nondeductible permanent differences, including driver per diems and transaction expenses.

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The following table sets forth items derived from the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 in dollars and as a percentage of total revenue and the increase or decrease in the dollar amounts of those items.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)	$		%	$		%	$		%

REVENUE:
Company freight	$	413.1	46.8	$	304.6	43.2	$	108.5	35.6
Owner operator freight		232.7	26.3		208.1	29.5		24.6	11.8
Brokerage		144.2	16.3		106.2	15.1		38.0	35.8
Logistics		25.5	2.9		19.6	2.8		5.9	30.1
Fuel surcharge		68.1	7.7		66.0	9.4		2.1	3.2
Total revenue		883.6	100.0		704.5	100.0		179.1	25.4

OPERATING EXPENSES:
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		243.4	27.5		173.0	24.6		70.4	40.7
Fuel		71.2	8.1		64.7	9.2		6.5	10.0
Operations and maintenance		107.9	12.2		75.0	10.6		32.9	43.9
Communications		2.2	0.2		1.5	0.2		0.7	46.7
Purchased freight		303.0	34.3		259.3	36.8		43.7	16.9
Administrative expenses		33.3	3.8		25.2	3.6		8.1	32.1
Sales and marketing		2.5	0.3		1.4	0.2		1.1	78.6
Taxes and licenses		9.9	1.1		7.6	1.1		2.3	30.3
Insurance and claims		24.7	2.8		19.6	2.8		5.1	26.0
Acquisition-related transaction expenses		—	-		1.8	0.3		(1.8)	(100.0)
Depreciation and amortization		81.2	9.2		56.9	8.1		24.3	42.7
Gain on disposition of revenue property and equipment		(1.1)	(0.1)		(0.6)	(0.1)		(0.5)	83.3
Impairment		—	-		2.8	*		(2.8)	*
Total operating expenses		878.2	99.4		688.2	97.7		190.0	27.6
Operating ratio		99.4%			97.7%
Adjusted operating ratio(1)		97.0%			94.5%
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		5.4	0.6		16.3	2.3		(10.9)	(66.9)

Other expense (income):
Interest income		(0.4)	-		(1.0)	*		0.6	(60.0)
Interest expense		25.4	2.9		21.4	3.0		4.0	18.7
Other		(1.3)	(0.1)		(1.9)	*		0.6	(31.6)
Total other expense		23.7	2.7		18.5	2.6		5.2	28.1

Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes		(18.3)	(2.1)		(2.2)	(0.3)		(16.1)	731.8
Benefit for income taxes		(2.6)	(0.3)		(14.9)	(2.1)		12.3	(82.6)
Net income (loss)	$	(15.7)	(1.8)	$	12.7	1.8	$	(28.4)	(223.6)

OPERATING STATISTICS:
Total miles (in millions)(2)(3)		240.9			222.4			18.5	8.3
Company-operated tractors, at period-end		3,808			3,477			331	9.5
Owner-operated tractors, at period-end		2,392			2,185			207	9.5
Number of trailers, at period-end		13,582			12,614			968	7.7

Company-operated tractors, average for the period		3,852			3,199			653	20.4
Owner-operated tractors, average for the period		2,311			2,051			260	12.7
Total tractors, average for the period		6,163			5,250			913	17.4

*indicates not meaningful.

(1)

(2)

Total miles includes company and owner operator and excludes brokerage.

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(3)

Miles are estimated based on information received as the date of filing. Miles may change quarter to quarter when final information is received from each operating segment.

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The following table sets forth the Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s revenue, operating expenses, operating ratio, Adjusted Operating Ratio and operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 in dollars and as a percentage of its Specialized Solutions segment’s total revenue and the increase or decrease in the dollar amounts of those items. The following table also sets forth certain operating statistics for the Company’s Specialized Solutions segment for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)	$		%	$		%	$		%

REVENUE(1):
Company freight	$	308.4	56.1	$	217.0	53.8	$	91.4	42.1
Owner operator freight		93.3	17.0		77.6	19.2		15.7	20.2
Brokerage		93.7	17.0		59.6	14.8		34.1	57.2
Logistics		24.2	4.4		18.3	4.5		5.9	32.2
Fuel surcharge		30.6	5.5		30.8	7.7		(0.2)	(0.6)
Total revenue		550.2	100.0		403.3	100.0		146.9	36.4

OPERATING EXPENSES(1):
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		163.7	29.8		118.1	29.3		45.6	38.6
Fuel		45.8	8.3		41.5	10.3		4.3	10.4
Operations and maintenance		80.3	14.6		53.0	13.1		27.3	51.5
Purchased freight		152.6	27.7		108.0	26.8		44.6	41.3
Depreciation and amortization		52.6	9.6		40.3	10.0		12.3	30.5
Impairment		—	-		2.8	0.7		(2.8)	(100.0)
Other operating expenses		36.4	6.6		27.3	6.8		9.1	33.3
Total operating expenses		531.4	96.6		391.0	97.0		140.4	35.9
Operating ratio		96.6%			97.0%
Adjusted operating ratio(2)		93.5%			92.9%
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS	$	18.8	3.4	$	12.3	3.0	$	6.5	52.8

OPERATING STATISTICS:
Total miles (in millions)(3)(4)		111.3			106.1			5.2	4.9
Company-operated tractors, at period-end		2,481			2,460			21	0.9
Owner-operated tractors, at period-end		690			611			79	12.9
Number of trailers, at period-end		8,453			8,210			243	3.0

Company-operated tractors, average for the period		2,498			2,095			403	19.2
Owner-operated tractors, average for the period		664			570			94	16.5
Total tractors, average for the period		3,162			2,665			497

*indicates not meaningful.

(1)

Includes intersegment revenues and expenses, as applicable, which are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated results.

(2)

(3)

Total miles includes company and owner operator and excludes brokerage.

(4)

Miles are estimated based on information received as the date of filing. Miles may change quarter to quarter when final information is received from each operating segment.

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The following table sets forth the Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s revenue, operating expenses, operating ratio, Adjusted Operating Ratio and operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 in dollars and as a percentage of its Flatbed Solutions segment’s total revenue and the increase or decrease in the dollar amounts of those items. The following table also sets forth certain operating statistics for the Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			Increase (Decrease)
(Dollars in millions)	$		%	$		%	$		%

REVENUE(1):
Company freight	$	110.2	32.1	$	91.4	29.8	$	18.8	20.6
Owner operator freight		142.0	41.4		131.6	42.8		10.4	7.9
Brokerage		51.1	14.9		46.9	15.3		4.2	9.0
Logistics		1.3	0.4		1.4	0.4		(0.1)	(7.1)
Fuel surcharge		38.4	11.2		35.9	11.7		2.5	7.0
Total revenue		343.0	100.0		307.2	100.0		35.8	11.7

OPERATING EXPENSES(1):
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		69.4	20.2		54.0	17.6		15.4	28.5
Fuel		25.3	7.4		23.2	7.6		2.1	9.1
Operations and maintenance		27.3	8.0		21.7	7.1		5.6	25.8
Purchased freight		160.0	46.6		157.3	51.2		2.7	1.7
Depreciation and amortization		28.4	8.3		16.6	5.4		11.8	71.1
Other operating expenses		23.2	6.8		18.2	5.9		5.0	27.5
Total operating expenses		333.6	97.3		291.0	94.7		42.6	14.6
Operating ratio		97.3%			94.7%
Adjusted operating ratio(2)		96.1%			93.4%
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS	$	9.4	2.7	$	16.2	5.3	$	(6.8)	(42.0)

OPERATING STATISTICS:
Total miles (in millions)(3)(4)		129.6			116.3			13.3	11.4
Company-operated tractors, at period-end		1,327			1,017			310	30.5
Owner-operated tractors, at period-end		1,702			1,574			128	8.1
Number of trailers, at period-end		5,129			4,404			725	16.5

Company-operated tractors, average for the period		1,354			1,104			250	22.6
Owner-operated tractors, average for the period		1,647			1,481			166	11.2
Total tractors, average for the period		3,001			2,585			416	16.1

*indicates not meaningful.

(1)

Includes intersegment revenues and expenses, as applicable, which are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated results.

(2)

(3)

Total miles includes company and owner operator and excludes brokerage.

(4)

Miles are estimated based on information received as the date of filing. Miles may change quarter to quarter when final information is received from each operating segment.

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Revenue. Total revenue increased 25.4% to $883.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $704.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to the Recent Acquisitions of $146.4 million. The increase in total revenue, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, was an increase of $32.7 million, or 4.6%, due primarily to increases in company freight, owner operator freight and brokerage revenue. Company freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $101.4 million, increased $7.1 million, or 2.3%, from $304.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $311.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Owner operator freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $14.5 million, increased $10.1 million, or 4.9%, from $208.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $218.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Brokerage revenue, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $23.9 million, increased $14.1 million, or 13.3%, from $106.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $120.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as a result of the growth in our brokerage operations. The increases in company freight and owner operator freight revenue, excluding the Recent Acquisitions, were primarily a result of a 4.6% increase in rate per mile and an increase in wind and oil energy projects, offset by a decrease of 1.2% in total miles. Logistics, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $0.9 million, increased $4.9 million, or 25.1%, from $19.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $24.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as a result of increases in logistics activities. Fuel surcharges, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $5.7 million, decreased $3.5 million, or 5.3%, from $66.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $62.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s revenue was $550.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $403.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of 36.4%, which was primarily due to the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions. The increase in revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $103.9 million, was an increase of $39.5 million, or 9.8%, primarily due to increases in company freight, owner operator freight, and brokerage revenue. Company freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $71.2 million, increased $17.6 million, or 8.1%, from $217.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $234.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Owner operator freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $10.7 million, increased $4.8 million, or 6.2%, from $77.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $82.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Brokerage revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $20.2 million, increased $13.1 million, or 22.1%, from $59.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $72.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as noted above. The increases in company freight and owner operator freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, were a result of a 7.5% increase in rate per mile and an increase in wind and oil energy projects compared to the same period in 2018. Logistics, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisition of $0.9 million, increased 27.3% compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of increases in logistics activities. Fuel surcharges, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $0.8 million, decreased 3.5% compared to the same period in 2018.

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The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s revenue was $343.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $307.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of 11.7%, which was primarily the result of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $42.5 million. The decrease in revenue, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions was 3.2%, or $9.8 million, due to decreases in company freight revenue. Company freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $30.2 million, decreased $12.8 million, or 14.0%, from $91.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $78.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 due to a 13.3% decrease in company miles and a 1.0% decrease in rate per mile. Owner operator freight revenue, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $3.8 million, increased $5.3 million, or 4.1%, from $131.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $137.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Brokerage revenue, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $3.6 million, increased $0.6 million, or 1.3%, from $46.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $47.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increases in owner operator freight, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, was a result of a 5.1% increase in miles compared to the same period in 2018. Fuel surcharges, excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $4.9 million, decreased $2.8 million, or 7.7%, from $35.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $33.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Salaries, Wages and Employee Benefits. Salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, which consists of compensation for all employees, is primarily affected by the number of miles driven by Company drivers, the rate per mile paid to Company drivers, employee benefits including, but not limited to, health care and workers’ compensation, and to a lesser extent, the number of, and compensation and benefits paid to, non-driver employees. In general, the Specialized Solutions segment drivers receive a higher driver pay per total mile than Flatbed Solutions segment drivers due to the former requiring a higher level of training and expertise. Driver pay rate increases implemented during the second half of 2018 to address the general driver shortage are reflected in results for the current period. The Company does not expect further driver pay rate increases given the current market and downward rate pressures.

Salaries, wages and employee benefits expense increased 40.7% to $243.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $173.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily due to the Recent Acquisitions. The increase in salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $52.1 million, was 10.6%, or $18.3 million, and was primarily due to increased employee compensation due to an increase in the number of Company drivers and higher driver pay rates implemented in the second half of 2018, an increase in headcount at the corporate office to support the scale and strategic growth of the Company, and increases in healthcare costs. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, as a percentage of consolidated revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 2.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment had a $45.6 million, or 38.6%, increase in salaries, wages and employee benefits expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $34.8 million. The increase, excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, was 9.1%, or $10.8 million, and was primarily due to increased employee compensation, due to an increase in the number of Company drivers and higher driver pay rates implemented in the second half of 2018, and an increase in healthcare costs, as discussed above. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, as a percentage of Specialized Solutions revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 0.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment had a $15.4 million, or 28.5%, increase in salaries, wages and employee benefits expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, which resulted in a $17.4 million increase. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, salaries, wages and employee benefit expense decreased 3.7%, or $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, salaries, wages and employee benefits expense, as a percentage of Flatbed Solutions revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 0.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. This increase is a result of higher driver pay rates implemented in the second half of 2018.

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*Fuel expense excludes the effect of the Recent Acquisitions.

Total fuel expense increased $6.5 million, or 10.0%, to $71.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $64.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. This increase was primarily a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $14.9 million. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, fuel expense decreased 13.1%, or $8.5 million. The U.S. national average diesel fuel price, as published by the U.S. Department of Energy, was $3.073 for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $3.103 for the same period in 2018. Company miles driven, excluding the Recent Acquisitions, decreased 4.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. This decrease is a result of higher utilization of owner-operators and third-party capacity providers for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s fuel expense increased 10.4% to $45.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $41.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as the result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $8.2 million. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, fuel expense in the Specialized Solutions segment decreased 9.3% to $37.6 million as a result of a decrease in average diesel fuel prices, offset by an increase of 1.1% in company miles, excluding the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s fuel expense increased 9.1% to $25.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $23.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $6.7 million. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, fuel expense in the Flatbed Solutions segment decreased 19.7% or $4.6 million. Company miles, excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, decreased 13.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Operations and maintenance expense increased 43.9% to $107.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $75.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $19.7 million. After adjusting for the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense increased 17.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense, as a percentage of consolidated revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 1.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of normal equipment trade cycles and related expenses.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s operations and maintenance expense increased $27.3 million, or 51.5%, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $15.1 million. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense increased $12.2 million, or 22.9%, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of increased pilot car and permit expenses and an increase in maintenance expense, due to normal replacement cycles of tractors and trailers. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense, as a percentage of Specialized Solutions revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 2.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

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The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s operations and maintenance expense increased $5.6 million, or 25.8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $4.6 million. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense increased $0.9 million, or 4.2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of an increase in maintenance expense, due to normal replacement cycles of tractors and trailers. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, operations and maintenance expense, as a percentage of Flatbed Solutions revenue (excluding brokerage revenue), increased 0.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

Total purchased freight expense increased 16.9% from $259.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $303.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $33.8 million. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions on purchased freight expense, total purchased freight expense increased 3.8% to $269.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Purchased freight expense from owner-operators, excluding the Recent Acquisitions, increased 1.4% from $173.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $175.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of an increase in the utilization of owner operators. Purchased freight expense from third-party capacity providers, excluding the Recent Acquisitions, increased 11.0% from $79.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $87.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of higher rates and increased utilization of third-party capacity providers. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, purchased freight expense, as a percentage of consolidated revenue, decreased 0.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s purchased freight expense increased 41.3% to $152.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $108.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $27.9 million. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions on purchased freight expense, total purchased freight expense increased 12.0% to $121.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Purchased freight expense from owner-operators, excluding the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, increased 6.5% from $58.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $62.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of an increase in the utilization of owner operators. Purchased freight expense from third-party capacity providers, excluding the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, increased 20.2% from $44.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $53.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of higher rates and increased utilization of third-party capacity providers. Excluding the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, purchased freight expense, as a percentage of Specialized Solutions revenue, increased 0.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s purchased freight expense increased 1.7% to $160.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $157.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, which resulted in a $5.9 million increase. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, the Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s purchased freight expense decreased 3.8% to $151.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018. Purchased freight expense from owner-operators, excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, decreased 1.2% to $113.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $114.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as a result of improved margin from owner operators. Purchased freight expense from third-party capacity providers, excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, increased 6.2% from $34.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $37.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily as a result of increased utilization of third-party capacity providers. Excluding the effect of the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, purchased freight expense, as a percentage of Flatbed Solutions revenue, decreased 0.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased 42.7% to $81.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $56.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $18.8 million. Amortization of intangible assets and net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets impact on expense was $8.2 million and $12.7 million, respectively. After adjusting for the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, depreciation and amortization expense increased $5.4 million as a result of the impact of adoption of ASC 842 which resulted in the recognition of $10.7 million of depreciation expense on assets available for lease and leased to owner-operators, offset by the impact of a reduction of approximately 90 tractors for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018.

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The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s depreciation and amortization expense increased 30.5% to $52.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $40.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as a result of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions. Amortization of intangible assets and net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets impact on expense was $5.2 million and $11.8 million, respectively. After adjusting for the effect of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions of $14.8 million, depreciation and amortization expense decreased $2.5 million as a result of down sizing the segment’s fleet by approximately 30 tractors, offset by $1.2 million of depreciation expense recognized on assets available for lease and leased to owner-operators due to the impact of the adoption of ASC 842 on assets available for lease and leased to owner-operators for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s depreciation and amortization expense increased 71.1% to $28.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to $16.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Amortization of intangible assets and net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets impact on expense was $3.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions of $4.0 million, depreciation and amortization expense increased $7.7 million as a result of the impact of adoption of ASC 842 which resulted in the recognition of $9.5 million of depreciation expense on assets available for lease and leased to owner-operators, offset by the impact of a reduction of approximately 30 tractors in the segment’s fleet for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Taxes and Licenses. Operating taxes and licenses expense primarily represents the costs of taxes and licenses associated with the Company’s fleet of equipment and will vary according to the size of its equipment fleet. Taxes and license expense increased from $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $9.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions of $2.3 million, operating taxes and license expense, as a percentage of revenue was relatively flat for the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the six months ended June 30,2018.

Insurance and Claims. Insurance and claims expense consists of insurance premiums and the accruals the Company makes for estimated payments and expenses for claims for bodily injury, property damage, cargo damage and other casualty events. The primary factor affecting the Company’s insurance and claims expense is seasonality (the Company typically experiences higher accident frequency in winter months), the frequency and severity of accidents, trends in the development factors used in its accruals and developments in large, prior-year claims. The frequency of accidents tends to increase with the miles the Company travels. Insurance and claims expense increased 26.0% to $24.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $19.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, partially as a result of the Recent Acquisitions of $2.8 million. Excluding the effect of the Recent Acquisitions, insurance and claims, as a percentage of revenue, increased from 2.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to 3.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily due to increases in claims accruals and liability premiums.

Operating Income. Operating income decreased 66.9% to $5.4 million, or 0.6% of revenue, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $16.3 million, or 2.3% of revenue, for the six months ended June 30, 2018, primarily as a result of both the increase in owner operator freight and brokerage revenue, which produces lower margins than company freight and increases in salaries and wages, fuel expense, maintenance expense and depreciation and amortization. Excluding the impact of the Recent Acquisitions, operating income decreased $7.9 million or 48.6% and as a percentage of revenue was 1.1%.

The Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s operating income was $18.8 million, or 3.4% of revenue, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $12.3 million, or 3.0% of revenue, for the six months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of 52.8%, as a result of an increase in the segment’s company freight and owner operator freight due to an increase in rate per mile and an increase in wind and oil energy projects, brokerage and logistics revenue and the resulting increase in salaries and wages, fuel expense, maintenance expense, services purchased from owner-operators and third-party capacity providers and depreciation and amortization. Excluding the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, the segment’s operating income increased $9.2 million or 75.5%. Excluding the impact of the Specialized Solutions Acquisitions, operating income as a percentage of revenue was 4.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to 3.0% for the same period in 2018.

The Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s operating income was $9.4 million, or 2.7% of revenue, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and $16.2 million, or 5.3% of revenue, for the six months ended June 30, 2018, a decrease of 42.0%, primarily as a result of a decrease in company rate per mile, increase in owner operator freight and brokerage revenue with lower margins than company freight and increases in operations and maintenance and insurance and claims, salaries and wages and fuel costs. Excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions, the segment’s operating income decreased $6.5 million or 40.1% and as a percentage of revenue excluding the Flatbed Solutions Acquisitions was 3.3% due to decrease in rate per mile.

Interest Expense. Interest expense consists of cash interest and amortization of debt issuance costs and fees and prepayment penalties. Interest expense increased 18.7% to $25.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $21.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018. This increase was primarily attributable to higher interest rates on the Term Loan Facility and increases in equipment term loan and finance lease outstanding balances.

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Income Tax. Benefit for income taxes decreased from $14.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease is primarily the result of recognized deferred tax liabilities for final valuations of intangible assets related to the December 2017 acquisitions and then remeasured using the TCJA rates, which resulted in the recognition of an approximately $14.0 million deferred tax benefit during the six months ended June 30, 2018. The effective tax rate was 14.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to 666.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The effective income tax rate varies from the federal statutory rate primarily due to state income taxes and the impact of nondeductible permanent differences, including driver per diems and transaction expenses.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow, Adjusted Operating Ratio and Adjusted Net Income (Loss)

Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow, Adjusted Operating Ratio and Adjusted Net Income (Loss) are not recognized measures under GAAP. The Company uses these non-GAAP measures as supplements to its GAAP results in evaluating certain aspects of its business, as described below.

Adjusted EBITDA

The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus (i) depreciation and amortization, (ii) interest expense, and other fees and charges associated with financings, net of interest income, (iii) income taxes, (iv) acquisition-related transaction expenses (including due diligence costs, legal, accounting and other advisory fees and costs, retention and severance payments and financing fees and expenses), (v) non-cash impairment, (vi) restructuring charges, and (vii) non-cash stock and equity-compensation expense.

The Company’s board of directors and executive management team use Adjusted EBITDA as a key measure of its performance and for business planning. Adjusted EBITDA assists them in comparing its operating performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis because it removes from the Company’s operating results the impact of items that, in their opinion, do not reflect the Company’s core operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA also allows the Company to more effectively evaluate its operating performance by allowing it to compare the results of operations against its peers without regard to its or its peers’ financing method or capital structure. The Company’s method of computing Adjusted EBITDA is substantially consistent with that used in its debt covenants and also is routinely reviewed by its management for that purpose.

The Company believes its presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is useful because it provides investors and industry analysts the same information that the Company uses internally for purposes of assessing its core operating performance. However, Adjusted EBITDA is not a substitute for, or more meaningful than, net income (loss), cash flows from operating activities, operating income or any other measure prescribed by GAAP, and there are limitations to using non-GAAP measures such as Adjusted EBITDA. Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance, such as a company’s cost of capital, tax structure and the historic costs of depreciable assets. Also, other companies in its industry may define Adjusted EBITDA differently than the Company does, and as a result, it may be difficult to use Adjusted EBITDA or similarly named non-GAAP measures that other companies may use to compare the performance of those companies to its performance. Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered a measure of the income generated by the Company’s business or discretionary cash available to it to invest in the growth of its business. The Company’s management compensates for these limitations by relying primarily on the Company’s GAAP results and using Adjusted EBITDA supplementally.

A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018

Net income (loss)	$	(6.4)	$	13.5	$	(15.7)	$	12.7
Depreciation and amortization		39.7		31.7		81.2		56.9
Interest income		(0.2)		(0.6)		(0.4)		(1.0)
Interest expense		12.7		11.1		25.4		21.4
Income tax benefit		(0.7)		(14.5)		(2.6)		(14.9)
Acquisition-related transaction expenses		—		1.4		—		1.8
Impairment		—		2.8		—		2.8
Stock based compensation		0.9		0.9		1.9		1.8
Adjusted EBITDA	$	46.0	$	46.3	$	89.8	$	81.5

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Free Cash Flow

The Company defines Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property and equipment, plus proceeds from sale of property and equipment as such amounts are shown on the face of the Statement of Cash Flows. The Company’s board of directors and executive management team use Free Cash Flow to assess the Company’s liquidity and ability to repay maturing debt, fund operations and make additional investments. The Company believes Free Cash Flow provides useful information to investors because it is an important indicator of the Company’s liquidity, including its ability to reduce net debt, make strategic investments, pay dividends to common shareholders and repurchase stock. The Company’s measure of Free Cash Flow may not be directly comparable to similar measures reported by other companies. Furthermore, Free Cash Flow is not a substitute for, or more meaningful than, net cash provided by operating activities nor any other measure prescribed by GAAP, and there are limitations to using non-GAAP measures such as Free Cash Flow. Accordingly, Free Cash Flow should not be considered a measure of the income generated by the Company’s business or discretionary cash available to the Company to invest in the growth of its business. The Company’s management compensates for these limitations by relying primarily on the Company’s GAAP results and using Free Cash Flow supplementally.

A reconciliation of Free Cash Flow to cash flows from operating activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	18.5	$	14.8	$	54.9	$	29.0
Purchases of property and equipment		(8.2)		(23.5)		(12.1)		(31.1)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		11.9		5.8		16.5		11.7
Free Cash Flow	$	22.2	$	(2.9)	$	59.3	$	9.6

Adjusted Operating Ratio

The Company uses Adjusted Operating Ratio as a supplement to its GAAP results in evaluating certain aspects of its business, as described below. The Company defines Adjusted Operating Ratio as (a) total operating expenses (i) less, acquisition-related transaction expenses, non-cash impairment charges, unusual or non-regularly recurring expenses or recoveries and (ii) further adjusted for the net impact of the step-up in basis (such as increased depreciation and amortization expense) and amortization of identifiable intangible assets resulting from acquisitions, as a percentage of (b) total revenue.

The Company’s board of directors and executive management team view Adjusted Operating Ratio, and its key drivers of revenue quality, growth, expense control and operating efficiency, as a very important measure of the Company’s performance. The Company believes excluding acquisition-related transaction expenses, additional depreciation and amortization expenses as a result of acquisitions, unusual or non-regularly recurring expenses or recoveries and non-cash impairment enhances the comparability of its performance between periods.

The Company believes its presentation of Adjusted Operating Ratio is useful because it provides investors and industry analysts the same information that it uses internally for purposes of assessing its core operating profitability. However, Adjusted Operating Ratio is not a substitute for, or more meaningful than, operating ratio, operating margin or any other measure derived solely from GAAP measures, and there are limitations to using non-GAAP measures such as Adjusted Operating Ratio. Although the Company believes that Adjusted Operating Ratio can make an evaluation of its operating performance more accurately because it removes items that, in its opinion, do not reflect its core operations, other companies in its industry may define adjusted operating ratio differently than it does. As a result, it may be difficult to use Adjusted Operating Ratio or similarly named non-GAAP measures that other companies may use to compare the performance of those companies to the Company’s performance. The Company’s management compensates for these limitations by relying primarily on GAAP measures and using Adjusted Operating Ratio supplementally.

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A reconciliation of Adjusted Operating Ratio to operating ratio for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018

Revenue	$	450.6	$	376.9	$	883.6	$	704.5
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		124.3		90.7		243.4		173.0
Fuel		36.2		31.3		71.2		64.7
Operations and maintenance		53.1		40.4		107.9		75.0
Purchased freight		156.4		141.6		303.0		259.3
Depreciation and amortization		39.7		31.7		81.2		56.9
Impairment		—		2.8		—		2.8
Other operating expenses		36.2		29.9		71.5		56.5
Operating expenses		445.9		368.4		878.2		688.2
Operating ratio		99.0%		97.7%		99.4%		97.7%
Acquisition-related transaction expenses		—		1.4		—		1.8
Impairment		—		2.8		—		2.8
Amortization of intangible assets		3.9		6.2		8.2		8.1
Net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets		5.9		5.4		12.7		9.5
Adjusted operating expenses	$	436.1	$	352.6	$	857.3	$	666.0
Adjusted operating ratio		96.8%		93.6%		97.0%		94.5%

A reconciliation of the Company’s Specialized Solutions segment’s Adjusted Operating Ratio to operating ratio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018

Revenue(1)	$	280.7	$	218.4	$	550.2	$	403.3
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		82.7		62.2		163.7		118.1
Fuel		23.4		20.0		45.8		41.5
Operations and maintenance		39.9		29.4		80.3		53.0
Purchased freight		78.6		60.4		152.6		108.0
Depreciation and amortization		26.0		22.5		52.6		40.3
Impairment		—		2.8		—		2.8
Other operating expenses		19.0		14.0		36.4		27.3
Operating expenses		269.6		211.3		531.4		391.0
Operating ratio		96.0%		96.7%		96.6%		97.0%
Impairment		—		2.8		—		2.8
Amortization of intangible assets		2.6		3.7		5.2		5.2
Net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets		5.5		4.6		11.8		8.3
Adjusted operating expenses	$	261.5	$	200.2	$	514.4	$	374.7
Adjusted operating ratio		93.2%		91.7%		93.5%		92.9%

(1)

Includes intersegment revenues and expenses, as applicable, which are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated results.

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A reconciliation of the Company’s Flatbed Solutions segment’s Adjusted Operating Ratio to operating ratio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018

Revenue(1)	$	174.9	$	162.2	$	343.0	$	307.2
Salaries, wages and employee benefits		34.9		27.2		69.4		54.0
Fuel		12.8		11.4		25.3		23.2
Operations and maintenance		13.0		10.9		27.3		21.7
Purchased freight		82.8		84.9		160.0		157.3
Depreciation and amortization		13.6		9.2		28.4		16.6
Other operating expenses		11.7		9.3		23.2		18.2
Operating expenses		168.8		152.9		333.6		291.0
Operating ratio		96.5%		94.3%		97.3%		94.7%
Amortization of intangible assets		1.3		2.5		3.0		2.9
Net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets		0.4		0.7		0.9		1.2
Adjusted operating expenses	$	167.1	$	149.7	$	329.7	$	286.9
Adjusted operating ratio		95.5%		92.3%		96.1%		93.4%

(1)

Includes intersegment revenues and expenses, as applicable, which are eliminated in the Company’s consolidated results.

Adjusted Net Income (Loss)

The Company defines Adjusted Net Income (Loss) as net income (loss) adjusted for acquisition related transaction expenses, non-cash impairments, amortization of intangible assets, the net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets and unusual or non-regularly recurring expenses or recoveries.

The Company’s board of directors and executive management team use Adjusted Net Income (Loss) as a key measure of its performance and for business planning. Adjusted Net Income (Loss) assists them in comparing its operating performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis because it removes from operating results the impact of items that, in its opinion, do not reflect the Company’s core operating performance. Adjusted Net Income (Loss) also allows the Company to more effectively evaluate its operating performance by allowing it to compare the results of operations against its peers without regard to its or its peers’ acquisition related items, such as acquisition-related transaction expenses, non-cash impairments, amortization of intangible assets and the net impact of the step up in basis of acquired assets, as well as removing the impact of unusual or non-regularly recurring expenses or recoveries.

The Company believes its presentation of Adjusted Net Income (Loss) is useful because it provides investors and industry analysts the same information that it uses internally for purposes of assessing its core operating performance. However, Adjusted Net Income (Loss) is not a substitute for, or more meaningful than, net income (loss) or any other measure derived solely from GAAP measures, and there are limitations to using non-GAAP measures such as Adjusted Net Income (Loss). Although the Company believes that Adjusted Net Income (Loss) can make an evaluation of its operating performance more consistent because it removes items that, in its opinion, do not reflect its core operations, other companies in its industry may define Adjusted Net Income (Loss) differently than it does. As a result, it may be difficult to use Adjusted Net Income (Loss) or similarly named non-GAAP measures that other companies may use to compare the performance of those companies to the Company’s performance. The Company’s management compensates for these limitations by relying primarily on its GAAP results and using Adjusted Net Income (Loss) supplementally.

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A reconciliation of Adjusted Net Income to net income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018		2019		2018

Net income (loss)	$	(6.4)	$	13.5	$	(15.7)	$	12.7
Acquisition-related transaction expenses		—		1.4		—		1.8
Impairment		—		2.8		—		2.8
Amortization of intangible assets		3.9		6.2		8.2		8.1
Net impact of step-up in basis of acquired assets		5.9		5.4		12.7		9.5
Impact of TCJA(1) tax rate change		—		(12.6)		—		(12.6)
Adjusted net income	$	3.4	$	16.7	$	5.2	$	22.3

(1)

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company had the following sources of liquidity available at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.


(Dollars in millions)	June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018

Cash	$	63.7	$	46.0
Working capital surplus		92.9		131.7
Availability under line of credit		85.2		87.8
Total	$	241.8	$	265.5

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity have been provided by operations, issuances of capital stock and borrowings under its credit facilities. In February 2018, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 8,625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for its own account. After deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company, the Company received approximately $84.4 million of net proceeds from the offering, which the Company has been using for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, working capital, capital expenditures, debt repayment or refinancing, and support the Company’s acquisition strategy. See Note 10 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Cash increased by $17.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to December 31, 2018. This increase primarily resulted from net cash provided by operating activities. See below for more information.

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had a working capital surplus of $92.9 million and $131.7 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had no borrowings on its $100.0 million asset-based revolving line of credit (ABL Facility) and $13.9 million in outstanding letters of credit (discussed below), leaving $85.2 million available under the ABL Facility.

The Company has from time to time considered the possibility of a private offering of securities, which would not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and which would be offered only to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and to persons outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. The proceeds of such an offering may be used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of all or a portion of the Company’s term loan credit facility, repayment of outstanding balances on the ABL facility and to support the Company’s acquisition strategy. Also, in connection with such offering, the Company’s credit facilities may be amended or refinanced. There can be no assurance that the Company will conduct or complete such an offering.

The Company’s business requires substantial amounts of cash for operating expenses, including salaries and wages paid to employees, contract payments to independent contractors, insurance and claims payments, tax payments, and others. The Company also uses large amounts of cash and credit for the following activities:

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Capital Expenditures

The Company follows a dual strategy of both owning assets and employing asset-light activities, the latter of which reduces the capital expenditures required to operate the business. Asset-light activities are conducted utilizing tractors and trailers provided by owner-operators and third-party carriers for significant portions of our flatbed and specialized services. Company-owned asset expenditures require substantial cash and financing (including finance and operating leases) to maintain a modern tractor fleet, refresh the trailer fleet, fund replacement and or growth in the revenue equipment fleet, and for the acquisition of real property and improvements to existing terminals and facilities. The Company had net cash capital receipts of approximately $4.4 million and financed $47.9 million of non-cash capital expenditures for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The Company had the following capital assets activity in 2019 and 2018:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018

Net cash capital expenditures (receipts)	$	(4.4)	$	19.4
Total financed capital expenditures		47.9		11.6
Accrued capital expenditures		—		4.4
Transfers of property and equipment to sales-type lease assets		—		(3.9)
Transfers of sales-type lease assets to property and equipment		—		0.4
Property and equipment sold for notes receivable		(0.3)		(0.2)
Total net capital assets additions	$	43.2	$	31.7

The increase in total net capital assets additions is due to timing of the Company’s replacement cycle for tractors.

Additionally, the Company entered into operating leases for revenue equipment with terms of 2 to 5 years and real property with terms of 1.5 to 10 years having asset values at lease inception of $15.8 million and $9.9 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

ABL and Term Loan Facilities and Equipment Financing Agreements

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had (i) a $500.0 million senior secured term loan credit facility, consisting of a $250.0 million term loan, a $150 million tack-on loan and $100.0 million of term loans funded under a delayed draw term loan facility, and (ii) an asset-based senior secured revolving credit facility with an aggregate maximum credit amount equal to $100.0 million (subject to availability under a borrowing base). The delayed draw term loans were used to support the Company’s acquisition activities. See Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Term Loan Facility and the ABL Facility.

The Company had $193.7 million of term loans and $25.7 million of finance leases collateralized primarily by revenue equipment, with terms of 48 to 60 months. Certain of the term loans contain conditions, covenants, representations and warranties, events of default, and indemnification provisions applicable to the Company and certain of its subsidiaries that are customary for equipment financings, including, but not limited to, limitations on the incurrence of additional debt and the prepayment of existing indebtedness, certain payments (including dividends and other distributions to persons not party to its ABL Facility) and transfers of assets.

The Company believes it can finance its expected cash needs, including debt repayment, in the short-term with cash flows from operations and borrowings available under the ABL Facility. The Company expects that the ABL Facility will provide sufficient credit availability to support its ongoing operations, fund debt service requirements, capital expenditures, and working capital needs. Over the long-term, the Company will continue to have significant capital requirements, and expects to devote substantial financial resources to grow its operations and fund its acquisition activities. As a result of these funding requirements, the Company likely will need to sell additional equity or debt securities or seek additional financing through additional borrowings, lease financing or equity capital, though it is not likely that the Company will issue any common stock in the near term. The availability of financing or equity capital will depend upon the Company’s financial condition and results of operations as well as prevailing market conditions. If such additional borrowings, lease financing or equity capital is not available at the time it needs to incur such expenditures, the Company may be required to extend the maturity of then outstanding indebtedness, rely on alternative financing arrangements or engage in asset sales.

Letters of credit – Under the terms of the ABL Facility, lenders may issue up to $20 million of standby letters of credit on our behalf. Outstanding letters of credit reduce the availability on the $100 million ABL Facility. Standby letters of credit are generally issued for the benefit of regulatory authorities, insurance companies and state departments of insurance for the purpose of satisfying certain collateral requirements, primarily related to automobile, workers’ compensation, and general insurance liabilities.

Business combinations – The Company’s strategy has historically been to consolidate the open-deck transportation industry and it has used significant amounts of capital to acquire 20 businesses since Daseke Companies, Inc.’s inception in 2008. However, during 2019, the Company intends to focus on organic growth, increasing free cash flow and margins, but will continue to evaluate potential tuck-in transactions of its subsidiaries and any other sources of growth it considers in the best interest of the Company.

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Material Debt

Overview

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had the following material debt:

the Term Loan Facility and the ABL Facility;

secured equipment loans and finance lease agreements; and

bank mortgage secured by real estate.

The amounts outstanding under such agreements were as follows as of June 30, 2019 (in millions):


Term Loan Facility	$	491.0
Mortgages		3.4
Equipment term loans		193.7
Finance lease obligations		25.7
Total long-term debt and capital leases		713.8
Less: current portion		(62.4)
Long-term debt and finance leases obligations, less current portion	$	651.4

See Note 2 and Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for information regarding the Company’s material debt and finance lease obligations, respectively.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Information about the Company’s standby letters of credit and 17,520,329 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants is included in Note 13 and Note 10, respectively, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. See also Liquidity and Capital Resources above.

Cash Flows

The Company’s summary statements of cash flows information for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is set forth in the table below:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018

Net cash provided by operating activities	$	54.9	$	29.0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	4.4	$	(98.5)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	(41.6)	$	57.6

Operating Activities. Cash provided by the Company’s operating activities consists of net income or loss adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, deferred interest, gain/loss on disposal of property and equipment, deferred income taxes, deferred gain and non-cash operating lease expense, stock-based compensation, bad debt expense and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.

Cash provided by operating activities was $54.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and consisted of $15.7 million of net loss plus $94.7 million of non-cash items, consisting primarily of depreciation, amortization, non-cash operating lease expense and stock-based compensation, plus $24.1 million of net cash used for working capital and other activities. Cash used for working capital and other activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019 reflect increases of a $21.9 million accounts receivable, $1.7 million in drivers’ advances and other receivables, $0.2 million in prepaid and other current assets, and $1.7 million decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities, offset by a $1.4 million increase in accounts payable. Cash provided by operating activities was $29.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and consisted of $12.7 million of net income plus $44.1 million of non-cash items, consisting primarily of depreciation, amortization, deferred taxes and stock-based compensation, less $27.8 million of net cash used for working capital and other activities. Cash used for working capital and other activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily reflects a $31.5 million increase in accounts receivable, a $6.3 million increase in prepaid and other current assets, offset by a $3.6 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses and $6.5 million in payments received on sales-type leases.

The $25.9 million increase in cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared with the six months ended June 30, 2018, was primarily the result of a $28.4 million increase in net loss, a $24.2 million increase in depreciation, a $13.6

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million increase in deferred taxes, and a $13.3 million increase in non-cash operating lease expense. These amounts were increased by a $3.7 million increase in net cash provided by working capital and other activities, and offset by $0.5 million increase for the gain on disposition of property and equipment, $1.4 million for deferred gain recognized on sales-type leases, $2.8 million for impairment and $0.8 million for the gain on disposition of building during the six months ended June 30, 2018 which did not occur during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Investing Activities. Cash flows from investing activities increased from $98.5 million used in investing activities due to $79.1 million cash paid for Recent Acquisitions and net cash equipment purchases of $19.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $4.4 million provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 due to net cash receipts from sales of revenue equipment for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Total net cash capital expenditures (receipts) for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are shown below:


	Six Months Ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2019		2018

Revenue equipment (tractors, trailers and trailer accessories)	$	8.5	$	27.1
Buildings and building improvements		1.4		1.8
Other		2.2		2.2
Total cash capital expenditures		12.1		31.1
Less: Proceeds from sales of property and equipment		16.5		11.7
Net cash capital expenditures (receipts)	$	(4.4)	$	19.4

Financing Activities. Cash flows from financing activities decreased from $57.6 million provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to $41.6 million used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily a result of proceeds of $84.6 million from issuance of common stock in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and net debt repayments of $15.0 million. Cash flows from financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 included net repayments of $38.9 million of long-term debt and $2.5 million paid for Series A Preferred Stock dividends.

Inflation

Inflation can have an impact on the Company’s operating costs. A prolonged period of inflation could cause interest rates, fuel, wages and other costs to increase, which would adversely affect the Company’s results of operations unless freight rates correspondingly increase. The Company attempts to limit the effects of inflation through increases in freight rates, certain cost control efforts and limiting the effects of fuel prices through fuel surcharges and measures intended to reduce the consumption of fuel. Over the past three fiscal years, the effect of inflation has been immaterial.

Seasonality

In the transportation industry, results of operations generally show a seasonal pattern. The Company’s productivity decreases during the winter season because inclement weather impedes operations, end-users reduce their activity and certain shippers reduce their shipments during winter. At the same time, operating expenses increase and fuel efficiency decreases because of engine idling and harsh weather creating higher accident frequency, increased claims and higher equipment repair expenditures. The Company also may suffer from weather-related or other events such as tornadoes, hurricanes, blizzards, ice storms, floods, fires, earthquakes and explosions. These events may disrupt fuel supplies, increase fuel costs, disrupt freight shipments or routes, affect regional economies, destroy the Company’s assets, increase insurance costs or adversely affect the business or financial condition of its customers, any of which could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations or make such results more volatile.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2019. The Company considers certain of these accounting policies to be “critical” to the portrayal of the Company’s financial position and results of operations, as they require the application of significant judgment by management. As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. The Company identifies and discusses these “critical” accounting policies in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2019. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and

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judgments, including those considered “critical.” Management has discussed the development, selection and evaluation of accounting estimates, including those deemed “critical,” and the associated disclosures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the Audit Committee of the Company’s board of directors.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes in the Company’s market risk since December 31, 2018. For further information on the Company’s market risk, refer to “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2019.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)). Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer each concluded, as of the end of the period, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2019 due to material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that were disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Management’s Remediation

As previously described in Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, we began implementing remediation plans to address the material weaknesses. The weaknesses will not be considered remediated, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of these material weaknesses will be completed by the end of fiscal 2019.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in litigation and claims primarily arising in the normal course of business, which include claims for personal injury or property damage incurred in the transportation of freight. Based on its knowledge of the facts and, in certain cases, advice of outside counsel, the Company believes the resolution of claims and pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Other than the risk factor included below, there have been no material changes in the risks facing the Company as described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 8, 2019.

We may not realize all the expected benefits of our restructuring plan and our restructuring plan may adversely affect our business operations.

In 2019, we initiated a plan to integrate three operating segments with three other operating segments (the Plan), which will reduce the number of our operating segments from 16 to 13. We have undertaken the Plan in an effort to to streamline and reduce the Company’s cost structure, improve asset utilization and capitalize on operational synergies. Additionally, the Company announced the planned implementation of Business Improvement Plans (BIP), which are expected to increase profitability by right-sizing trailer-to-tractor ratios, yielding management capacity allocations, and improving maintenance execution. The Plan and BIP could result in significant disruptions to our operations, including adversely affecting the successful implementation and completion of our strategic objectives and the results of our operations. If we do not fully realize or maintain the anticipated benefits of the Plan and BIP, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Item 5. Other Information

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Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.	Exhibit


3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the registrant on March 3, 2017).

3.2	By-Laws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the registrant on May 25, 2018).

3.3	Certificate of Designations, Preferences, Rights and Limitations of 7.625% Series A Convertible Cumulative Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the registrant on March 3, 2017).

31.1*	Chief Executive Officer certification under Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*	Chief Financial Officer certification under Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1**	Chief Executive Officer certification under Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2**	Chief Financial Officer certification under Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

_____________________________


*	Filed herewith.
**	Furnished herewith.
+	Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Date: August 5, 2019	DASEKE, INC.

	By:	/s/ Bharat Mahajan
	Name:	Bharat Mahajan
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(On behalf of the Registrant and as the Registrant’s Principal Financial
		Officer)