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DigitalBridge Group, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
 
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number: 001-37980
COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
Maryland
 
46-4591526
 
 
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
515 South Flower Street, 44th Floor
Los Angeles, California 90071
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)
  
(310) 282-8820
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Class
 
Trading Symbol(s)
 
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value
 
CLNY
 
New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, 8.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable, $0.01 par value
 
CLNY.PRB
 
New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, 8.75% Series E Cumulative Redeemable, $0.01 par value
 
CLNY.PRE
 
New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, 7.50% Series G Cumulative Redeemable, $0.01 par value
 
CLNY.PRG
 
New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, 7.125% Series H Cumulative Redeemable, $0.01 par value
 
CLNY.PRH
 
New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, 7.15% Series I Cumulative Redeemable, $0.01 par value
 
CLNY.PRI
 
New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, 7.125% Series J Cumulative Redeemable, $0.01 par value
 
CLNY.PRJ
 
New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Table of Contents


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
☒
 
Accelerated Filer
☐
Non-Accelerated Filer
☐
 
Smaller Reporting Company
☐
 
 
 
Emerging Growth Company
☐
If emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of November 5, 2019, 487,015,193 shares of the Registrant's class A common stock and 733,931 shares of class B common stock were outstanding.
 

Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Page
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.

3
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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018(1)
Assets
 
 
 
 
     Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
455,330

 
$
461,912

     Restricted cash
 
257,435

 
364,605

     Real estate, net
 
9,722,420

 
10,826,010

     Loans receivable, net
 
1,454,199

 
1,659,217

     Equity and debt investments ($415,807 and $238,963 at fair value, respectively)
 
2,291,121

 
2,529,747

     Goodwill
 
1,374,809

 
1,514,561

     Deferred leasing costs and intangible assets, net
 
438,365

 
445,930

Assets held for sale
 
5,560,203

 
3,967,345

Other assets ($34,746 and $33,558 at fair value, respectively)
 
516,964

 
400,143

     Due from affiliates
 
53,148

 
45,779

Total assets
 
$
22,123,994

 
$
22,215,249

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Debt, net
 
$
8,666,108

 
$
8,975,372

Accrued and other liabilities ($271,272 and $141,711 at fair value, respectively)
 
923,432

 
634,144

Intangible liabilities, net
 
95,502

 
147,470

Liabilities related to assets held for sale
 
2,334,643

 
1,218,495

Due to affiliates
 
36,285

 
—

Dividends and distributions payable
 
86,588

 
84,013

Total liabilities
 
12,142,558

 
11,059,494

Commitments and contingencies (Note 20)
 

 

Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
5,987

 
9,385

Equity
 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; $1,436,605 liquidation preference; 250,000 shares authorized; 57,464 shares issued and outstanding
 
1,407,495

 
1,407,495

Common stock, $0.01 par value per share
 
 
 
 
Class A, 949,000 shares authorized; 487,018 and 483,347 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
 
4,871

 
4,834

Class B, 1,000 shares authorized; 734 shares issued and outstanding
 
7

 
7

Additional paid-in capital
 
7,538,356

 
7,598,019

Distributions in excess of earnings
 
(3,307,886
)
 
(2,018,302
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
20,888

 
13,999

Total stockholders’ equity
 
5,663,731

 
7,006,052

     Noncontrolling interests in investment entities
 
3,855,334

 
3,779,728

     Noncontrolling interests in Operating Company
 
456,384

 
360,590

Total equity
 
9,975,449

 
11,146,370

Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity
 
$
22,123,994

 
$
22,215,249

__________
(1) 
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect classification of the industrial business as discontinued operations and presentation of assets and liabilities of the industrial business as assets held for sale and liabilities related to assets held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets (Note 7).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

4
Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019

2018 (1)

2019

2018 (1)
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating income
 
$
462,155

 
$
494,945

 
$
1,409,841

 
$
1,500,991

Interest income
 
40,237

 
59,883

 
121,362

 
167,326

Fee income ($111,359, $32,592, $175,477 and $105,873 from affiliates, respectively)
 
111,854

 
32,915

 
178,315

 
106,733

Other income ($34,058, $8,776, $55,242 and $25,663 from affiliates, respectively)
 
38,249

 
10,984

 
64,475

 
35,762

Total revenues
 
652,495

 
598,727

 
1,773,993

 
1,810,812

Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating expense
 
274,351

 
286,386

 
824,333

 
871,536

Interest expense
 
130,034

 
134,245

 
406,661

 
415,397

Investment and servicing expense
 
13,096

 
11,076

 
51,562

 
55,546

Transaction costs
 
100

 
228

 
2,922

 
3,585

Placement fees
 
64

 
5,184

 
373

 
6,477

Depreciation and amortization
 
159,005

 
111,807

 
379,739

 
331,981

Provision for loan loss
 
17,233

 
7,825

 
35,847

 
27,133

Impairment loss
 
564,899

 
75,723

 
675,216

 
298,781

Compensation expense—cash and equity-based
 
87,043

 
44,469

 
160,990

 
144,085

Compensation expense—carried interest and incentive fee
 
10,846

 
1,535

 
13,264

 
1,535

Administrative expenses
 
22,013

 
22,421

 
64,544

 
69,390

Total expenses
 
1,278,684

 
700,899

 
2,615,451

 
2,225,446

Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Gain on sale of real estate
 
8,224

 
33,016

 
43,754

 
91,869

     Other gain (loss), net
 
(44,562
)
 
29,677

 
(183,137
)
 
133,731

     Equity method earnings (losses)
 
46,777

 
5,031

 
(178,448
)
 
34,338

Equity method earnings (losses)—carried interest
 
(474
)
 
3,837

 
6,258

 
3,837

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(616,224
)
 
(30,611
)
 
(1,153,031
)
 
(150,859
)
     Income tax benefit (expense)
 
(9,968
)
 
1,955

 
(13,751
)
 
35,279

Loss from continuing operations
 
(626,192
)
 
(28,656
)
 
(1,166,782
)
 
(115,580
)
Income from discontinued operations
 
60,350

 
11,242

 
86,139

 
28,100

Net loss
 
(565,842
)
 
(17,414
)
 
(1,080,643
)
 
(87,480
)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
364

 
865

 
2,317

 
2,042

     Investment entities
 
15,170

 
28,914

 
51,744

 
74,517

     Operating Company
 
(53,560
)
 
(4,403
)
 
(90,160
)
 
(14,509
)
Net loss attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(527,816
)
 
(42,790
)
 
(1,044,544
)
 
(149,530
)
Preferred stock redemption (Note 13)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,995
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
27,137

 
27,185

 
81,412

 
89,960

Net loss attributable to common stockholders
 
$
(554,953
)
 
$
(69,975
)
 
$
(1,125,956
)
 
$
(235,495
)
Basic loss per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss from continuing operations per basic common share
 
$
(1.22
)
 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(2.43
)
 
$
(0.50
)
Net loss per basic common share
 
$
(1.16
)
 
$
(0.15
)
 
$
(2.35
)
 
$
(0.47
)
Diluted loss per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss from continuing operations per diluted common share
 
$
(1.22
)
 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(2.43
)
 
$
(0.50
)
Net loss per diluted common share
 
$
(1.16
)
 
$
(0.15
)
 
$
(2.35
)
 
$
(0.47
)
Weighted average number of shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
479,776

 
484,754

 
479,412

 
501,202

Diluted
 
479,776

 
484,754

 
479,412

 
501,202

Dividends declared per common share
 
$
0.11

 
$
0.11

 
$
0.33

 
$
0.33

__________
(1) 
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect classification of the industrial business as discontinued operations and presentation of results of operations of the industrial business as income (loss) from discontinued operations on the consolidated statement of operations (Note 15).
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

5
Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net loss
 
$
(565,842
)
 
$
(17,414
)
 
$
(1,080,643
)
 
$
(87,480
)
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in unconsolidated ventures, net
 
(2,721
)
 
(2,373
)
 
6,598

 
(275
)
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
5,067

 
441

 
6,365

 
(18,645
)
Cash flow hedges
 
(2,302
)
 
—

 
(9,152
)
 
—

Foreign currency translation
 
(78,729
)
 
(14,792
)
 
(99,401
)
 
(41,441
)
Net investment hedges
 
27,004

 
1,244

 
43,474

 
14,803

Other comprehensive loss
 
(51,681
)
 
(15,480
)
 
(52,116
)
 
(45,558
)
Comprehensive loss
 
(617,523
)
 
(32,894
)
 
(1,132,759
)
 
(133,038
)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
364

 
865

 
2,317

 
2,042

Investment entities
 
(30,966
)
 
23,340

 
(8,513
)
 
65,280

Operating Company
 
(54,048
)
 
(4,681
)
 
(89,826
)
 
(16,225
)
Comprehensive loss attributable to stockholders
 
$
(532,873
)
 
$
(52,418
)
 
$
(1,036,737
)
 
$
(184,135
)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

6
Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Distributions in Excess of Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Stockholders’ Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Investment Entities
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Company
 
Total Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
 
$
1,606,966

 
$
5,433

 
$
7,913,622

 
$
(1,165,412
)
 
$
47,316

 
$
8,407,925

 
$
3,539,072

 
$
402,395

 
$
12,349,392

Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting pronouncements
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,018
)
 
(202
)
 
(1,220
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,220
)
Net income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(41,327
)
 
—

 
(41,327
)
 
19,243

 
(4,378
)
 
(26,462
)
Other comprehensive income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,177

 
2,177

 
30,107

 
120

 
32,404

Common stock repurchases
 
—

 
(423
)
 
(246,018
)
 
—

 
—

 
(246,441
)
 
—

 
—

 
(246,441
)
Equity-based compensation
 
—

 
33

 
10,722

 
—

 
—

 
10,755

 
—

 
1,414

 
12,169

Redemption of OP Units for cash and class A common stock
 
—

 
—

 
24

 
—

 
—

 
24

 
—

 
(2,120
)
 
(2,096
)
Shares canceled for tax withholdings on vested stock awards
 
—

 
(29
)
 
(31,723
)
 
—

 
—

 
(31,752
)
 
—

 
—

 
(31,752
)
Deconsolidation of investment entities
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(330,980
)
 
—

 
(330,980
)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
97,867

 
—

 
97,867

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(82,512
)
 
(3,551
)
 
(86,063
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(31,387
)
 
—

 
(31,387
)
 
—

 
—

 
(31,387
)
Common stock dividends declared ($0.11 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(55,852
)
 
—

 
(55,852
)
 
—

 
—

 
(55,852
)
Reallocation of equity (Note 2 and 14)
 
—

 
—

 
(11,675
)
 
—

 
(254
)
 
(11,929
)
 
(5,822
)
 
17,751

 
—

Balance at March 31, 2018
 
1,606,966

 
5,014

 
7,634,952

 
(1,294,996
)
 
49,037

 
8,000,973

 
3,266,975

 
411,631

 
11,679,579

Net income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(65,413
)
 
—

 
(65,413
)
 
26,360

 
(5,728
)
 
(44,781
)
Other comprehensive loss
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(25,235
)
 
(25,235
)
 
(35,689
)
 
(1,558
)
 
(62,482
)
Redemption of preferred stock
 
(199,471
)
 
—

 
(529
)
 
—

 
—

 
(200,000
)
 
—

 
—

 
(200,000
)
Common stock repurchases
 
—

 
(125
)
 
(72,463
)
 
—

 
—

 
(72,588
)
 
—

 
—

 
(72,588
)
Equity-based compensation
 
—

 
1

 
9,193

 
—

 
—

 
9,194

 
—

 
—

 
9,194

Redemption of OP Units for cash and class A common stock
 
—

 
15

 
18,860

 
—

 
—

 
18,875

 
—

 
(18,875
)
 
—

Shares canceled for tax withholdings on vested stock awards
 
—

 
—

 
(298
)
 
—

 
—

 
(298
)
 
—

 
—

 
(298
)
Reclassification of contingent consideration out of liability at end of measurement period
 
—

 
—

 
12,539

 
—

 
—

 
12,539

 
—

 
—

 
12,539

Contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
287,090

 
—

 
287,090

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(137,317
)
 
(3,344
)
 
(140,661
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(29,356
)
 
—

 
(29,356
)
 
—

 
—

 
(29,356
)
Common stock dividends declared ($0.11 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(53,952
)
 
—

 
(53,952
)
 
—

 
—

 
(53,952
)
Reallocation of equity (Note 2 and 14)
 
—

 
—

 
14,664

 
—

 
128

 
14,792

 
(15,357
)
 
565

 
—

Balance at June 30, 2018
 
1,407,495

 
4,905

 
7,616,918

 
(1,443,717
)
 
23,930

 
7,609,531

 
3,392,062

 
382,691

 
11,384,284

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


7
Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Continued)
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

 
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Distributions in Excess of Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Stockholders’ Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Investment Entities
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Company
 
Total Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2018
 
$
1,407,495

 
$
4,905

 
$
7,616,918

 
$
(1,443,717
)
 
$
23,930

 
$
7,609,531

 
$
3,392,062

 
$
382,691

 
$
11,384,284

Net income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(42,790
)
 
—

 
(42,790
)
 
28,914

 
(4,403
)
 
(18,279
)
Other comprehensive loss
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,160
)
 
(6,160
)
 
(9,042
)
 
(278
)
 
(15,480
)
Equity-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
8,072

 
—

 
—

 
8,072

 
312

 
—

 
8,384

Redemption of OP Units for cash and class A common stock
 
—

 
5

 
10,000

 
—

 
—

 
10,005

 
—

 
(12,739
)
 
(2,734
)
OP Unit and common stock issuance— contingent consideration
 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
24,608

 
24,609

Contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
305,873

 
—

 
305,873

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(125,315
)
 
(3,451
)
 
(128,766
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(27,139
)
 
—

 
(27,139
)
 
—

 
—

 
(27,139
)
Common stock dividends declared ($0.11 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(54,016
)
 
—

 
(54,016
)
 
—

 
—

 
(54,016
)
Reallocation of equity (Note 2 and 14)
 
—

 
—

 
(16,472
)
 
—

 
(38
)
 
(16,510
)
 
(7,645
)
 
(454
)
 
(24,609
)
Balance at September 30, 2018
 
$
1,407,495

 
$
4,911

 
$
7,618,518

 
$
(1,567,662
)
 
$
17,732

 
$
7,480,994

 
$
3,585,159

 
$
385,974

 
$
11,452,127


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements














8
Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Continued)
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Distributions in Excess of Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Stockholders’ Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Investment Entities
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Company
 
Total Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2018
 
$
1,407,495

 
$
4,841

 
$
7,598,019

 
$
(2,018,302
)
 
$
13,999

 
$
7,006,052

 
$
3,779,728

 
$
360,590

 
$
11,146,370

Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting pronouncement (Note 2)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,905
)
 
—

 
(2,905
)
 
(1,378
)
 
(185
)
 
(4,468
)
Net income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(74,976
)
 
—

 
(74,976
)
 
49,988

 
(6,611
)
 
(31,599
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
8,045

 
8,045

 
(17,629
)
 
513

 
(9,071
)
Common stock repurchases
 
—

 
(7
)
 
(3,160
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3,167
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3,167
)
Redemption of OP Units for cash and class A common stock
 
—

 
—

 
33

 
—

 
—

 
33

 
—

 
(33
)
 
—

Equity-based compensation
 
—

 
27

 
6,323

 
—

 
—

 
6,350

 
191

 
—

 
6,541

Shares canceled for tax withholdings on vested stock awards
 
—

 
(6
)
 
(3,001
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3,007
)
 
—

 
—

 
(3,007
)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
305,216

 
—

 
305,216

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(107,377
)
 
(3,450
)
 
(110,827
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(27,137
)
 
—

 
(27,137
)
 
—

 
—

 
(27,137
)
Common stock dividends declared ($0.11 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(53,410
)
 
—

 
(53,410
)
 
—

 
—

 
(53,410
)
Reallocation of equity (Notes 2 and 14)
 
—

 
—

 
12,733

 
—

 
94

 
12,827

 
(12,533
)
 
(294
)
 
—

Balance at March 31, 2019
 
1,407,495

 
4,855

 
7,610,947

 
(2,176,730
)
 
22,138

 
6,868,705

 
3,996,206

 
350,530

 
11,215,441

Net loss
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(441,752
)
 
—

 
(441,752
)
 
(13,414
)
 
(29,989
)
 
(485,155
)
Other comprehensive income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,819

 
4,819

 
3,508

 
309

 
8,636

Redemption of OP Units for cash and class A common stock
 
—

 
2

 
2,061

 
—

 
—

 
2,063

 
—

 
(2,063
)
 
—

Equity-based compensation
 
—

 
20

 
7,720

 
—

 
—

 
7,740

 
197

 
—

 
7,937

Contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
87,304

 
—

 
87,304

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(212,842
)
 
(3,429
)
 
(216,271
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(27,138
)
 
—

 
(27,138
)
 
—

 
—

 
(27,138
)
Common stock dividends declared ($0.11 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(53,656
)
 
—

 
(53,656
)
 
—

 
—

 
(53,656
)
Reallocation of equity (Notes 2 and 14)
 
—

 
—

 
927

 
—

 
10

 
937

 
88

 
(1,025
)
 
—

Balance at June 30, 2019
 
1,407,495

 
4,877

 
7,621,655

 
(2,699,276
)
 
26,967

 
6,361,718

 
3,861,047

 
314,333

 
10,537,098

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements





9
Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Continued)
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Preferred Stock
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Distributions in Excess of Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Stockholders’ Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Investment Entities
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Company
 
Total Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2019
 
$
1,407,495

 
$
4,877

 
$
7,621,655

 
$
(2,699,276
)
 
$
26,967

 
$
6,361,718

 
$
3,861,047

 
$
314,333

 
$
10,537,098

Net income (loss)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(527,816
)
 
—

 
(527,816
)
 
15,170

 
(53,560
)
 
(566,206
)
Other comprehensive loss
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,057
)
 
(5,057
)
 
(46,136
)
 
(488
)
 
(51,681
)
Redemption of OP Units for cash and class A common stock
 
—

 
—

 
8

 
—

 
—

 
8

 
—

 
(8
)
 
—

Equity-based compensation
 
—

 
2

 
9,569

 
—

 
—

 
9,571

 
191

 
—

 
9,762

Shares canceled for tax withholdings on vested stock awards
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(393
)
 
—

 
—

 
(394
)
 
—

 
—

 
(394
)
OP Unit issuance
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
111,903

 
111,903

Contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
109,604

 
—

 
109,604

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(88,052
)
 
(5,791
)
 
(93,843
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(27,137
)
 
—

 
(27,137
)
 
—

 
—

 
(27,137
)
Common stock dividends declared ($0.11 per share)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(53,657
)
 
—

 
(53,657
)
 
—

 
—

 
(53,657
)
Reallocation of equity (Notes 2 and 14)
 
—

 
—

 
(92,483
)
 
—

 
(1,022
)
 
(93,505
)
 
3,510

 
89,995

 
—

Balance at September 30, 2019
 
$
1,407,495

 
$
4,878

 
$
7,538,356

 
$
(3,307,886
)
 
$
20,888

 
$
5,663,731

 
$
3,855,334

 
$
456,384

 
$
9,975,449

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements



10
Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
(1,080,643
)
 
$
(87,480
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Amortization of discount and net origination fees on loans receivable and debt securities
 
(15,215
)
 
(21,184
)
Paid-in-kind interest added to loan principal, net of interest received
 
(42,609
)
 
(25,529
)
Straight-line rents
 
(13,263
)
 
(22,123
)
Amortization of above- and below-market lease values, net
 
(9,982
)
 
(4,748
)
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount and premium
 
61,779

 
69,314

Equity method (earnings) losses
 
137,069

 
(47,938
)
Distributions of income from equity method investments
 
78,219

 
57,466

Provision for loan losses
 
35,847

 
27,133

Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
4,221

 
25,201

Impairment of real estate and intangibles
 
288,216

 
299,729

Goodwill impairment
 
387,000

 
—

Depreciation and amortization
 
476,886

 
427,911

Equity-based compensation
 
25,051

 
30,123

Change in fair value of contingent consideration—Internalization (Note 11)
 
—

 
(1,730
)
Gain on sales of real estate, net
 
(71,824
)
 
(96,266
)
Settlement of forward starting interest rate swap (Note 10)
 
(223,886
)
 
—

Deferred income tax benefit
 
(1,778
)
 
(50,960
)
Other (gain) loss, net
 
181,847

 
(132,001
)
Increase in other assets and due from affiliates
 
(16,487
)
 
(49,887
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued and other liabilities and due to affiliates
 
39,038

 
(2,947
)
Other adjustments, net
 
(4,896
)
 
(785
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
234,590

 
393,299

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
 
 
 
Contributions to and acquisition of equity investments
 
(222,157
)
 
(210,176
)
Return of capital from equity method investments
 
176,508

 
260,603

Acquisition of loans receivable and debt securities
 
(771
)
 
(99,656
)
Net disbursements on originated loans
 
(94,816
)
 
(274,999
)
Repayments of loans receivable
 
228,480

 
112,469

Proceeds from sales of loans receivable and debt securities
 
66,249

 
158,714

Cash receipts in excess of accretion on purchased credit-impaired loans
 
18,886

 
135,457

Acquisition of and additions to real estate, related intangibles and leasing commissions
 
(1,798,039
)
 
(747,874
)
Proceeds from sales of real estate
 
659,245

 
584,569

Proceeds from paydown and maturity of debt securities
 
9,180

 
41,885

Cash and restricted cash contributed to Colony Credit (Note 1)
 
—

 
(141,153
)
Proceeds from sale of equity investments
 
152,658

 
229,261

Proceeds from sale of equity interests in securitization trusts, net of cash and restricted cash deconsolidated (Note 12)
 
—

 
142,270

Investment deposits
 
(13,210
)
 
(95,573
)
Net receipts (payments) on settlement of derivatives
 
43,938

 
(14,014
)
Acquisition of DBH, net of cash acquired (Note 2)
 
(181,167
)
 
—

Other investing activities, net
 
17,349

 
199

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 
(937,667
)
 
81,982


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Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)

 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders
 
(81,411
)
 
(93,565
)
Dividends paid to common stockholders
 
(160,490
)
 
(256,504
)
Repurchase of common stock
 
(10,734
)
 
(319,029
)
Borrowings from corporate credit facility
 
740,200

 
685,000

Repayment of borrowings from corporate credit facility
 
(556,000
)
 
(735,000
)
Borrowings from secured debt
 
3,269,413

 
1,179,677

Repayments of secured debt
 
(2,647,109
)
 
(1,569,471
)
Payment of deferred financing costs
 
(56,542
)
 
(19,838
)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
557,065

 
707,823

Distributions to and redemptions of noncontrolling interests
 
(443,614
)
 
(371,290
)
Redemption of preferred stock
 
—

 
(200,000
)
Shares canceled for tax withholdings on vested stock awards
 
(3,401
)
 
(32,050
)
Redemption of OP Units for cash
 
—

 
(4,830
)
Other financing activities, net
 
(1,504
)
 
(188
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
605,873

 
(1,029,265
)
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
(6,449
)
 
(6,892
)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
(103,653
)
 
(560,876
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
 
832,730

 
1,393,920

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
 
$
729,077

 
$
833,044


Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Beginning of the period
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
461,912

 
$
921,822

Restricted cash
 
364,605

 
466,912

Restricted cash included in assets held for sale
 
6,213

 
5,186

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
 
$
832,730

 
$
1,393,920

 
 
 
 
 
End of the period
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
455,330

 
$
416,795

Restricted cash
 
257,435

 
410,502

Restricted cash included in assets held for sale
 
16,312

 
5,747

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
 
$
729,077

 
$
833,044

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

12
Table of Contents


COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2019
(Unaudited)
1. Business and Organization
Colony Capital, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the "Company," and formerly, Colony NorthStar, Inc. prior to June 25, 2018) is a leading global investment management firm with $53 billion of assets under management as of September 30, 2019. The Company manages capital on behalf of its stockholders, as well as institutional and retail investors in private funds, and traded and non-traded real estate investment trusts ("REITs"). The Company has significant holdings in: (a) the healthcare, industrial and hospitality property sectors; (b) Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. (NYSE: CLNC, "Colony Credit"), which is externally managed by a subsidiary of the Company; and (c) various other equity and debt investments.
The Company was organized in May 2016 as a Maryland corporation and was formed through a tri-party merger (the "Merger") among Colony Capital, Inc. ("Colony"), NorthStar Asset Management Group Inc. ("NSAM") and NorthStar Realty Finance Corp. ("NRF") in an all-stock exchange on January 10, 2017. The Company elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2017.
The Company conducts all of its activities and holds substantially all of its assets and liabilities through its operating subsidiary, Colony Capital Operating Company, LLC (the "Operating Company" or the "OP"). At September 30, 2019, the Company owned 90.3% of the OP, as its sole managing member. The remaining 9.7% is owned primarily by certain current and former employees of the Company as noncontrolling interests.
Strategic Asset Review
In February 2019, the Company announced the implementation of a series of changes designed to enhance its corporate governance, and entered into a cooperation agreement with Blackwells Capital LLC, a stockholder of the Company. In connection with the cooperation agreement, the Company's board of directors formed a Strategic Asset Review Committee, composed solely of independent directors, to review, evaluate and make recommendations to the board on issues relating to the Company's assets and business configuration.
As part of a comprehensive review undertaken by the Company, together with its Strategic Asset Review Committee and an independent advisor, the Company has undertaken certain assessments and strategic initiatives intended to build on core investment management competencies while focusing on high-growth businesses. A key component of this strategic evolution was the Company’s recent acquisition of Digital Bridge Holdings LLC (“DBH”), a leading investment manager of digital real estate infrastructure investments dedicated to the next generation of mobile and internet connectivity (Note 2), which also addressed the Company's Chief Executive Officer succession plans. These previously announced and/or completed initiatives also include termination of the Company’s management agreement with NorthStar Realty Europe Corp. (NYSE: NRE) in connection with the sale of NRE, repositioning of Colony Credit's portfolio and potential internalization of Colony Credit (as discussed below), stabilization of the debt capital structure of the healthcare portfolio, and a corporate restructuring and reorganization plan that is on track with its cost savings objectives.
Additionally, in June 2019, the Company engaged advisors to market the Company’s industrial portfolio and the related management platform for sale. There has been significant appreciation in the value of the industrial portfolio driven by favorable operating fundamentals and strong investor demand for light industrial assets. In September 2019, the Company entered into definitive sale agreements for an aggregate gross sales price of approximately $5.9 billion. In November 2019, the definitive sale agreement providing for the sale of the bulk industrial portfolio for $190 million was terminated. The Company is in the process of negotiating an agreement with a third party for the sale of the bulk industrial portfolio on substantially the same economic terms as the prior agreement. The sale of the light industrial portfolio and the related management platform is expected to generate a significant gain and is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2019, subject to customary closing conditions. However, no assurances can be made that these sales can be completed within the time frame contemplated, or on the terms anticipated, or at all. If the sale is completed, the Company may redeploy a portion of the proceeds into higher total return strategies (e.g., digital real estate and infrastructure) and may further consider the reduction of corporate leverage or other uses. The sale of the industrial segment, including its related management platform, represents a strategic shift that will have a significant effect on the Company’s operations and financial results, and has met the criteria as held for sale and discontinued operations. Accordingly, for all current and prior periods presented, the related assets and liabilities are presented as assets and liabilities held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets (Note 7) and the related operating results are presented as income from discontinued operations on the consolidated statement of operations (Note 15).

13
Table of Contents


As the Company undertakes its strategic evolution, the Company anticipates shifting its focus from traditional real estate towards a digital real estate and infrastructure business. At this time, management, together with the Strategic Asset Review Committee and its independent advisor, are in the process of formulating the details around the Company’s strategic plan, which is expected to be recommended to the Company’s Board of Directors in the fourth quarter of 2019 prior to finalization. The strategic plan is expected to provide a broad outline of topics such as the Company’s asset rotation plan, capital allocation policy, target investment profile and capital structure, and the vision for establishing the Company as the leading platform for digital real estate and infrastructure.
A potential strategic shift in the Company’s business may represent an indicator of impairment and the Company performed an assessment as of September 30, 2019 to ascertain if the net carrying value of its investments, including its healthcare and hospitality real estate, would be recoverable. A final strategic plan is expected to provide more specificity as to the Company’s expected holding periods for its investments, including its healthcare and hospitality assets. In the absence of such information, and with considerable uncertainty still surrounding the strategic plan, the Company applied its best estimate at this time based upon undiscounted future net cash flows to be generated by these assets over a long-term hold. The analysis indicated that as of September 30, 2019, the net carrying value of the Company's investments, including its healthcare and hospitality assets, would be recoverable. A shortened holding period for these assets may significantly reduce the undiscounted future net cash flows to be generated by certain assets below their carrying values. Therefore, if the final strategic plan adopted by the Company contemplates a shortened holding period for these assets, the Company expects that such a decision, if and when made, may result in a significant impairment in the carrying value of its investments, specifically certain of its healthcare and hospitality assets. At September 30, 2019, the healthcare and hospitality segments had real estate held for investment with carrying values of $4.6 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively, financed with $3.0 billion and $2.7 billion of debt, respectively. At September 30, 2019, the Company owns 71% of its healthcare segment and 94% of its hospitality segment.
Colony Credit
As part of Colony Credit's strategic plan, in the third quarter of 2019, Colony Credit bifurcated its assets into a core portfolio and a legacy, non-strategic portfolio, which will allow Colony Credit to focus on the divestment of its legacy, non-strategic portfolio and to redeploy into and grow its core portfolio. In conjunction with its focus on its core portfolio, Colony Credit meaningfully reduced the book value of its legacy, non-strategic assets to better reflect its market value and reset its annualized dividend from $1.74 per share to $1.20 per share. As a result of the meaningful reduction to Colony Credit's book value, in November 2019, the Company amended its management agreement with Colony Credit to reduce the fee base to reflect Colony Credit's reduced book value, which will result in a decrease in management fees to the Company effective in the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2019.
Additionally, in November 2019, the Company delivered a non-binding letter to the independent directors of Colony Credit, seeking to explore with Colony Credit the possible internalization of its management and a transfer of the Company’s credit investment management business to Colony Credit to (i) further the Company's strategic repositioning to simplify and establish the Company as the leading platform for digital real estate and infrastructure and (ii) position Colony Credit to become a leading independent real estate credit REIT with a clearly defined strategy positioned for greater growth. There can be no assurance that the Company and Colony Credit will reach an agreement with respect to an internalization of Colony Credit or any of the other matters described in the letter, that the nature or terms of an internalization of Colony Credit or any such others matters will not differ from the description in the letter, or that an internalization of Colony Credit or any such other matters will be completed. If an agreement is reached between the Company and Colony Credit on an internalization of Colony Credit and a transfer of the Company's credit investment management business to Colony Credit, this may result in a decline in the fair value of the Company's investment management reporting unit, which may result in further impairment of goodwill in the future.
Corporate Restructuring
Following a strategic review process, in November 2018, the Company announced a corporate restructuring and reorganization plan aimed at reducing its annual compensation and administrative expenses over approximately 12 months. The restructuring plan was designed to match resources that further align the Company's increasing focus on its investment management business. The Company incurred $19.3 million of restructuring costs in the fourth quarter of 2018 and an additional $5.1 million in the first nine months of 2019, consisting predominantly of severance costs and accelerated equity-based compensation.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The significant accounting policies of the Company are described below. The accounting policies of the Company's unconsolidated ventures are substantially similar to those of the Company.

14
Table of Contents


Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the interim periods presented. However, the results of operations for the interim period presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019, or any other future period. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in, or presented as exhibits to, the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The portions of equity, net income and other comprehensive income of consolidated subsidiaries that are not attributable to the parent are presented separately as amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in the consolidated financial statements. A substantial portion of noncontrolling interests represents interests held by private investment funds or other investment vehicles managed by the Company and which invest alongside the Company and membership interests in OP primarily held by certain employees of the Company.
To the extent the Company consolidates a subsidiary that is subject to industry-specific guidance, the Company retains the industry-specific guidance applied by that subsidiary in its consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
Merger
The Merger was accounted for under the acquisition method for a business combination as a reverse acquisition, with NSAM as the legal acquirer for certain legal and regulatory matters, and Colony as the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes.
The financial statements of the Company represent a continuation of the financial information of Colony as the accounting acquirer, except that the equity structure of the Company was adjusted to reflect the equity structure of the legal acquirer, including for any comparative periods presented.
Principles of Consolidation
The Company consolidates entities in which it has a controlling financial interest by first considering if an entity meets the definition of a variable interest entity ("VIE") for which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, or if the Company has the power to control an entity through a majority of voting interest or through other arrangements.
Variable Interest Entities—A VIE is an entity that either (i) lacks sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties; (ii) whose equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; or (iii) is established with non-substantive voting rights. A VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party who has a controlling financial interest in the VIE through (a) power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance, and (b) obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. The Company also considers interests held by its related parties, including de facto agents. The Company assesses whether it is a member of a related party group that collectively meets the power and benefits criteria and, if so, whether the Company is most closely associated with the VIE. In performing the related party analysis, the Company considers both qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to: the amount and characteristics of its investment relative to the related party; the Company’s and the related party's ability to control or significantly influence key decisions of the VIE including consideration of involvement by de facto agents; the obligation or likelihood for the Company or the related party to fund operating losses of the VIE; and the similarity and significance of the VIE’s business activities to those of the Company and the related party. The determination of whether an entity is a VIE, and whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, may involve significant judgment, including the determination of which activities most significantly affect the entities’ performance, and estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of assets held by the VIE.

15
Table of Contents


Voting Interest Entities—Unlike VIEs, voting interest entities have sufficient equity to finance their activities and equity investors exhibit the characteristics of a controlling financial interest through their voting rights. The Company consolidates such entities when it has the power to control these entities through ownership of a majority of the entities' voting interests or through other arrangements.
At each reporting period, the Company reassesses whether changes in facts and circumstances cause a change in the status of an entity as a VIE or voting interest entity, and/or a change in the Company's consolidation assessment. Changes in consolidation status are applied prospectively. An entity may be consolidated as a result of this reassessment, in which case, the assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest in the entity are recorded at fair value upon initial consolidation. Any existing equity interest held by the Company in the entity prior to the Company obtaining control will be remeasured at fair value, which may result in a gain or loss recognized upon initial consolidation. However, if the consolidation represents an asset acquisition of a voting interest entity, the Company's existing interest in the acquired assets, if any, is not remeasured to fair value but continues to be carried at historical cost. The Company may also deconsolidate a subsidiary as a result of this reassessment, which may result in a gain or loss recognized upon deconsolidation depending on the carrying values of deconsolidated assets and liabilities compared to the fair value of any interests retained.
Noncontrolling Interests
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests—This represents noncontrolling interests in a consolidated open-end fund sponsored by the Company. The limited partners in the consolidated open-end fund, who represent noncontrolling interests, generally have the ability to withdraw all or a portion of their interests in cash with 30 days' notice.
Redeemable noncontrolling interests is presented outside of permanent equity. Allocation of net income or loss to redeemable noncontrolling interests is based upon their ownership percentage during the period. The carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interests is adjusted to its redemption value at the end of each reporting period to an amount not less than its initial carrying value, with such adjustments recognized in additional paid-in capital.
Noncontrolling Interests in Investment Entities—This represents predominantly interests in consolidated investment entities held by private investment funds or retail companies managed by the Company or held by third party joint venture partners. Allocation of net income or loss is generally based upon relative ownership interests held by equity owners in each investment entity, or based upon contractual arrangements that may provide for disproportionate allocation of economic returns among equity interests, including using a hypothetical liquidation at book value basis, where applicable and substantive.
Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Company—This represents membership interests in OP held primarily by certain employees of the Company. Noncontrolling interests in OP are allocated a share of net income or loss in OP based on their weighted average ownership interest in OP during the period. Noncontrolling interests in OP have the right to require OP to redeem part or all of such member’s membership units in OP ("OP Units") for cash based on the market value of an equivalent number of shares of class A common stock at the time of redemption, or at the Company's election as managing member of OP, through issuance of shares of class A common stock (registered or unregistered) on a one-for-one basis. At the end of each reporting period, noncontrolling interests in OP is adjusted to reflect their ownership percentage in OP at the end of the period, through a reallocation between controlling and noncontrolling interests in OP, as applicable.
Business Combinations
Definition of a Business—The Company evaluates each purchase transaction to determine whether the acquired assets meet the definition of a business. If substantially all of the fair value of gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, then the set of transferred assets and activities is not a business. If not, for an acquisition to be considered a business, it would have to include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs (i.e., there is a continuation of revenue before and after the transaction). A substantive process is not ancillary or minor, cannot be replaced without significant costs, effort or delay or is otherwise considered unique or scarce. To qualify as a business without outputs, the acquired assets would require an organized workforce with the necessary skills, knowledge and experience that performs a substantive process.
Asset Acquisitions—For acquisitions that are not deemed to be businesses, the assets acquired are recognized based on their cost to the Company as the acquirer and no gain or loss is recognized. The cost of assets acquired in a group is allocated to individual assets within the group based on their relative fair values and does not give rise to goodwill. Transaction costs related to acquisition of assets are included in the cost basis of the assets acquired.

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Business Combinations—The Company accounts for acquisitions that qualify as business combinations by applying the acquisition method. Transaction costs related to acquisition of a business are expensed as incurred and excluded from the fair value of consideration transferred. The identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests in an acquired entity are recognized and measured at their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair values of identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interests in an acquired entity, net of fair value of any previously held interest in the acquired entity, is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions.
Contingent Consideration—Contingent consideration is classified as a liability or equity, as applicable. Contingent consideration in connection with the acquisition of a business is measured at fair value on acquisition date, and unless classified as equity, is remeasured at fair value each reporting period thereafter until the consideration is settled, with changes in fair value included in net income. Contingent consideration in connection with the acquisition of assets is generally recognized only when the contingency is resolved, as part of the basis of the acquired assets.
Business Combinations in 2019
Colony Latam
In April 2019, the Company acquired the private equity platform of The Abraaj Group in Latin America, which has been renamed Colony Latam Partners, for approximately $5.5 million. The Company acquired primarily management contract intangible asset and limited partnership interest in a fund which the Company now manages, and certain Abraaj employees became employees of the Company.
DBH
On July 25, 2019, the Company acquired DBH in a combination of: (a) cash, a portion of which is deferred until the expiration of certain customary seller indemnification obligations (Note 19); and (b) issuance of 21,478,515 OP Units, which were measured based upon the closing price of the Company's class A common stock on July 24, 2019 of $5.21 per share. The principals of DBH retained their equity investments, including general partner interests in existing Digital Bridge investment vehicles and in Digital Colony Partners ("Digital Colony," a fund previously co-sponsored by the Company and DBH).
The acquisition is a strategic transaction that is expected to generate meaningful accretion in value to the Company through expansion of the digital real estate management platform by combining the industry sector knowledge, experience and relationships from the DBH team with the capital raising resources of Colony, as represented by the goodwill value.
The Company's acquisition of DBH included the remaining 50% equity interest held by DBH in Digital Colony Management, LLC ("Digital Colony Manager"), previously an equity method joint venture with DBH, which manages the Digital Colony fund. Upon closing of the acquisition, the Company obtained a controlling interest in Digital Colony Manager and remeasured its existing 50% interest at a fair value of $51.4 million. The full amount, representing the excess of fair value over carrying value of the Company's investment in Digital Colony Manager, was recognized in other gain on the Company's statement of operations, as the Company's carrying value of its investment in Digital Colony Manager prior to the business combination was nil. The fair value was based upon the value of 50% of estimated future net cash flows from the Digital Colony fund management contract, discounted at 8%.
The following table summarizes the consideration and allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed at acquisition. The estimated fair values and allocation of the consideration are subject to adjustments during the measurement period, not to exceed one year, based upon new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at time of acquisition.

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(In thousands)
 
July 25, 2019
Consideration
 
 
Cash
 
$
181,167

Deferred consideration
 
35,500

OP Units issued
 
111,903

Total consideration
 
328,570

 
 
 
Fair value of equity interest in Digital Colony Manager
 
51,400

 
 
$
379,970

 
 
 
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
 
 
Intangible assets
 
$
153,300

Other assets
 
13,008

Other liabilities
 
(33,586
)
 
 
132,722

Goodwill
 
247,248

 
 
$
379,970


Intangible assets acquired include primarily management contracts, customer relationships and trade name. The fair value of management contracts, including the Company's 50% interest in Digital Colony Manager, was estimated based upon estimated net cash flows generated from those contracts, discounted at 8%. The remaining lives of the management contracts were estimated to range between 3 and 10 years. Customer relationships represent the fair value of potential fees generated from repeat customers through future sponsored funds, with future management fees discounted at 11.5% and potential carried interest discounted at 25%. The trade name was valued using a relief-from-royalty method, based upon estimated savings from avoided royalty at a rate of 1% on expected fee income, discounted at 11.5%, with an estimated useful life of 10 years. Other liabilities assumed were primarily deferred revenues and deferred tax liabilities associated with management contracts.
The acquired DBH business contributed $14.4 million of revenues and $3.5 million of net income attributable to Colony Capital, Inc. for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Discontinued Operations
If the disposition of a component, being an operating or reportable segment, business unit, subsidiary or asset group, represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results, the operating profits or losses of the component when classified as held for sale, and the gain or loss upon disposition of the component, are presented as discontinued operations in the statements of operations.
A business or asset group acquired in connection with a purchase business combination that meets the criteria to be accounted for as held for sale at the date of acquisition is reported as discontinued operations, regardless of whether it meets the strategic shift criteria.
The planned sale of the industrial segment, including its related management platform, represents a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results, and has met the criteria as held for sale and discontinued operations in June 2019. Accordingly, for all current and prior periods presented, the related assets and liabilities are presented as assets and liabilities held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets (Note 7) and the related operating results are presented as income from discontinued operations on the consolidated statement of operations (Note 15).
Reclassifications
In addition to reclassifications related to discontinued operations as discussed above, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2018, the portion of carried interests earned by the Company that is allocated to employees is presented as carried interest and incentive compensation on the statement of operations. Such amounts had previously been presented as net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, $1.5 million was reclassified to carried interest and incentive compensation for both periods, and $1.9 million and $3.9 million, respectively, were reclassified to income from discontinued operations as a compensation charge (Note 15), to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassifications did not have an impact on net loss attributable to Colony Capital, Inc. and net loss attributable to common stockholders. 

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Accounting Standards Adopted in 2019
Leases
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases, which amended lease accounting standards. ASU 2016-02, along with several clarifying amendments were codified in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842. The new standard primarily requires lessees to recognize their rights and obligations under most leases on balance sheet, to be capitalized as a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and a corresponding liability for future lease obligations. Targeted changes were made to lessor accounting, primarily to align to the lessee model and the new revenue recognition standard.
ASC 842 also limits the definition of initial direct leasing costs to only the incremental costs of obtaining a lease, such as leasing commissions, for both lessee and lessor accounting. Indirect costs such as allocated overhead, certain legal fees and negotiation costs are no longer capitalized under the new standard. The application of ASC 842 on accounting for initial direct leasing costs did not have a material impact on the Company's statement of operations.
The Company adopted the new lease standard and related amendments on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method to leases existing or commencing on or after January 1, 2019, with a cumulative effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings. Comparative periods have not been restated and continue to be reported under the standards in effect for those prior periods. 
The Company applied the package of practical expedients, which exempts the Company from having to reassess whether any expired or expiring contracts contain leases, revisit lease classification for any expired or expiring leases and reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company also elected the practical expedient related to land easements, allowing the Company to carry forward the accounting treatment for land easements on existing agreements. The Company did not, however, elect the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease terms for existing leases.
Lessee Accounting—The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease and determines the classification of leasing arrangements at inception. A leasing arrangement is classified by the lessee either as a finance lease, which represents a financed purchase of the leased asset, or as an operating lease. The Company's operating leases relate primarily to ground leases in connection with its acquired real estate and leases for its corporate offices. For these ground and office leases, the Company has elected the accounting policy to combine lease and related nonlease components as a single lease component.
ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based upon the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The ROU assets also include capitalized initial direct costs offset by lease incentives. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. The Company makes variable lease payments for: (i) leases with rental payments that are adjusted periodically for inflation or increases in property fair value, (ii) hotel ground leases with rental payments calculated based on a percentage of revenue over contractual levels, and/or (iii) nonlease services, such as common area maintenance in net leases. Variable lease payments are not included in lease liability and are instead recognized as lease expense when incurred. The Company made the accounting policy election to recognize lease payments from short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term and will not record these leases on the balance sheet.
Lease renewal or termination options are factored into the lease asset and lease liability only if it is reasonably certain that the option to extend or the option to terminate would be exercised.
As the implicit rate is not readily determinable in most leases, the present value of the remaining lease payments is calculated for each lease using an estimated incremental borrowing rate, which is the interest rate that the Company would have to pay to borrow over the lease term on a collateralized basis.
Lease expense is recognized over the lease term based on an effective interest method for finance leases and on a straight-line basis for operating leases.
On January 1, 2019, the Company recognized operating lease ROU assets totaling $143.7 million in other assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities totaling $126.8 million in accrued and other liabilities for ground leases in its real estate portfolio and corporate office leases. There was no impact to beginning equity as a result of adoption related to lessee accounting as the difference between the asset and liability balance is attributable to the derecognition of pre-existing balances, including straight-line rent, lease incentives, prepaid or deferred rent and ground lease obligation intangibles.
Lessor Accounting—The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease and determines the classification of leasing arrangements at inception. The Company has operating leases with property tenants that expire at various

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dates through 2038 with renewal options typically exercised at the lessee's election. Therefore, such options are only recognized once they are deemed reasonably certain, typically at the time the option is exercised.
Lease revenue is composed of rental income, which includes the effect of minimum rent increases and rent abatements, resident fee income from healthcare properties, and tenant reimbursements, such as common area maintenance costs and other costs associated with the leases.
As lessor, the Company made the accounting policy election to treat the lease and nonlease components in a contract as a single component to the extent that the timing and pattern of transfer are similar for the lease and nonlease components and the lease component qualifies as an operating lease. Nonlease components of tenant reimbursements for net leases and ancillary services within resident fee income qualify for the practical expedient to be combined with their respective lease component and accounted for as a single component under the lease standard as the lease component is predominant.
Lease revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term and is included in property operating income on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company receives variable lease revenues from tenant reimbursements and for ancillary services provided to nursing home residents.
Under ASC 842, lessors are required to evaluate the collectability of all operating lease payments based upon the creditworthiness of the lessee. Lease revenue is recognized only to the extent collection of all rents over the life of the lease is determined to be probable. If collection is subsequently determined to no longer be probable, any previously accrued lease revenue that has not been collected is subject to reversal. If collection is subsequently determined to be probable, lease revenue and corresponding receivable would be reestablished to an amount that would have been recognized if collection had always been deemed to be probable. Upon adoption of ASC 842, the Company determined that collection of certain operating lease receivables, net of existing allowance for bad debts, is not probable and recorded a cumulative adjustment of $4.5 million to reduce beginning equity.
Beginning January 1, 2019, the Company also made the accounting policy election to present on a net basis sales and similar taxes assessed by a governmental authority that is imposed on specific lease revenue producing transactions with related collections from lessees. Property taxes and insurance paid directly by lessees to third parties on behalf of the Company are no longer recognized in the statement of operations, while such amounts paid by the Company and reimbursed by lessees continue to be presented as gross property operating income and expenses.
Hedge Accounting
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which simplifies and expands the application of hedge accounting. This standard amends hedge accounting recognition and presentation, including eliminating the requirement to separately measure and present hedge ineffectiveness as well as presenting the entire fair value change of a hedging instrument in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The new guidance also provides alternatives for applying hedge accounting to additional hedging strategies, and easing requirements for effectiveness testing and hedging documentation, although the "highly effective" threshold for a qualifying hedging relationship has not changed. Revised disclosures include tabular disclosures that focus on the effect of hedge accounting by income statement line item. Transition will generally be on a modified retrospective basis applied to existing hedging relationships as of date of adoption, with prospective application for income statement presentation and disclosure, and specific transition elections are available to modify existing hedge documentation.
The Company adopted the standard on its effective date of January 1, 2019. Upon adoption, as it relates to the Company’s cash flow and net investment hedges, the Company records the entire change in fair value of the hedging instrument (other than amounts excluded from assessment of hedge effectiveness for net investment hedges) in other comprehensive income and no hedge ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings. Additionally, subsequent to initial quantitative hedge assessment, the Company has elected to perform effectiveness testing qualitatively so long as the Company can reasonably support an expectation that the hedge is highly effective now and in subsequent periods. As the standard allows more flexibility in hedging interest rate risk in cash flow hedges beyond a specified benchmark rate, the Company may be able to designate in the future other contractually specified variable interest rate as the hedged risk, which if effective, could decrease fluctuations in earnings. There was no impact to the Company's financial condition and results of operations upon adoption of this standard.
Future Application of Accounting Standards
Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, followed by subsequent amendments, which modifies the credit impairment model for financial instruments, and codified as ASC Topic 326. The

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multiple existing incurred loss models are replaced with a lifetime current expected credit loss ("CECL") model for off-balance sheet credit exposures that are not unconditionally cancellable by the lender and financial instruments carried at amortized cost, such as loans, loan commitments, held-to-maturity ("HTM") debt securities, financial guarantees, net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases, reinsurance and trade receivables. Targeted changes are also made to the impairment model of available-for-sale ("AFS") debt securities which are not within the scope of CECL.
The CECL model, in estimating expected credit losses over the life of a financial instrument at the time of origination or acquisition, considers historical loss experience, current conditions and the effects of a reasonable and supportable expectation of changes in future macroeconomic conditions. For collateralized financial assets, measurement of credit losses under CECL is based on fair value of the collateral if foreclosure is probable or if the collateral-dependent practical expedient is elected for financial assets expected to be repaid substantially through operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. ASC 326 also requires expanded disclosures on credit risk, including credit quality indicators by vintage of financing receivables.
Transitional relief is provided through the ability, upon adoption of the new standard, to elect the fair value option for eligible financial instruments within the scope of the new standard, except for HTM and AFS debt securities. Transition will generally be on a modified retrospective basis, including the election of the fair value option, with a cumulative effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings, except for prospective application for other than temporarily impaired debt securities and purchased credit-impaired assets. ASC 326 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019.
The Company will adopt the new standard on its effective date of January 1, 2020. The Company expects that recognition of allowance for credit losses under the CECL model will generally be accelerated as it encompasses credit losses over the full remaining expected life of the affected financial instruments. The extent of any changes in allowance for credit losses will depend upon the composition and risk characteristics of the Company's financial instrument portfolio that are within the scope of ASC 326 at adoption date, and conditions prevailing and forecasted at that time. Evaluation of the impact of ASC 326 is ongoing, however, the Company expects to elect the fair value option for the majority of its loans receivable. Under the fair value option, loans receivable will be measured at each reporting period based upon their exit values in an orderly transaction and unrealized gains or losses from changes in fair value will be recorded in other gain (loss) on the consolidated statement of operations. These loans will no longer be subject to evaluation for impairment through an allowance for loan loss as such losses will be captured through fair value changes. Additionally, there will be no amortization of origination fees charged to borrowers or discounts on purchased loans as additional interest income.
Fair Value Disclosures
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements. The ASU requires new disclosures of changes in unrealized gains and losses in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of instruments held at balance sheet date, as well as the range and weighted average or other quantitative information, if more relevant, of significant unobservable inputs for recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair values. Certain previously required disclosures are eliminated, specifically around the valuation process required for Level 3 fair values, policy for timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, as well as amounts and reason for transfers between Levels 1 and 2. Additionally, the new guidance clarifies or modifies certain existing disclosures, including clarifying that information about measurement uncertainty of Level 3 fair values should be as of reporting date and requiring disclosures of the timing of liquidity events for investments measured under the net asset value ("NAV") practical expedient, but only if the investee has communicated this information or has announced it publicly. The provisions on new disclosures and modification to disclosure of Level 3 measurement uncertainty are to be applied prospectively, while all other provisions are to be applied retrospectively. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted in an interim period for which financial statements have not been issued, and may be made only to provisions that eliminate or modify existing disclosures. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's existing disclosures.
Variable Interest Entities
In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17, Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities. The ASU amends the VIE guidance to align, throughout the VIE model, the evaluation of a decision maker's or service provider's fee held by a related party, whether or not they are under common control, in both the assessment of whether a fee qualifies as a variable interest and the determination of a primary beneficiary. Specifically, a decision maker or service provider considers interests in a VIE held by a related party under common control only if it has a direct interest in that related party under common control and considers such indirect interest in the VIE held by the related party under common control on a proportionate basis, rather than in its entirety. Transition is

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generally on a modified retrospective basis, with the cumulative effect adjusted to retained earnings at the beginning of the earliest period presented. ASU No. 2018-17 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted in an interim period for which financial statements have not been issued. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this new guidance but does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
3. Real Estate
The Company's real estate held for investment was as follows. Real estate held for sale is presented in Note 7.
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Land
 
$
1,281,164

 
$
1,443,249

Buildings and improvements
 
8,590,535

 
9,442,442

Tenant improvements
 
95,691

 
96,740

Furniture, fixtures and equipment
 
406,243

 
389,969

Construction in progress
 
236,079

 
123,002

 
 
10,609,712

 
11,495,402

Less: Accumulated depreciation
 
(887,292
)
 
(669,392
)
Real estate assets, net
 
$
9,722,420

 
$
10,826,010


Real Estate Sales
Results from sales of real estate, including discontinued operations, were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Proceeds from sales of real estate
 
$
216,588

 
$
156,007

 
$
659,245

 
$
584,569

Gain on sale of real estate
 
12,899

 
35,120

 
71,824

 
96,266


Real Estate Acquisitions
The following table summarizes the Company's real estate acquisitions, excluding any real estate acquired as part of business combinations. Light and bulk industrial properties acquired, as presented below, form part of the industrial segment which is classified as held for sale.
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
Purchase Price Allocation (1)
 
Acquisition Date
 
Property Type and Location
 
Number of Buildings
 
Purchase
Price (1)
 
Land
 
Building and Improvements
 
Lease Intangible Assets
 
Lease Intangible Liabilities
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Acquisitions(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
February
 
Bulk industrial—Various in U.S.
 
6
 
$
373,182

 
$
49,446

 
$
296,348

 
$
27,553

 
$
(165
)
 
Various
 
Light industrial—Various in U.S.(3)
 
84
 
1,135,157

 
241,550

 
850,550

 
47,945

 
(4,888
)
 
 
 
 
 

 
$
1,508,339

 
$
290,996

 
$
1,146,898

 
$
75,498

 
$
(5,053
)
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Acquisitions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September
 
Healthcare—United Kingdom(4)
 
1
 
$
24,444

 
$
10,231

 
$
12,733

 
$
1,480

 
$
—

 
November
 
Office and Industrial—France
 
220
 
478,844

 
109,858

 
330,752

 
38,234

 
—

 
Various
 
Light industrial—Various in U.S.(3)
 
40
 
569,442

 
111,194

 
433,040

 
30,183

 
(4,975
)
 
 
 
 
 

 
$
1,072,730

 
$
231,283

 
$
776,525

 
$
69,897

 
$
(4,975
)
__________
(1) 
Dollar amounts of purchase price and allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed are translated using foreign exchange rates as of the respective dates of acquisition, where applicable.
(2) 
Useful life of real estate acquired in 2019 is 25 to 49 years for buildings, 9 to 15 years for site improvements, 4 to 11 years for tenant improvements and 1 to 15 years for lease intangibles (based on remaining lease terms).
(3) 
Includes acquisition of land totaling $20.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $13.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2018 for co-development with operating partners.
(4) 
Net leased senior housing acquired pursuant to a purchase option under the Company's development facility to the healthcare operator at a purchase price equivalent to the outstanding loan balance.

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Depreciation and Impairment
Depreciation expense on real estate, excluding amounts related to discontinued operations (Note 15), was $84.4 million and $96.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $269.3 million and $282.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Refer to Note 11 for a discussion of impairment on real estate.
Property Operating Income
Property operating income presented below excludes amounts related to discontinued operations (Note 15). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, property operating income was composed of $183.0 million and $573.1 million of total lease revenue, respectively, and $312.0 million and $927.8 million of hotel operating income, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the components of property operating income were as follows:
(In thousands)
 
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
Lease revenue:
 
 
 
 
Fixed lease revenue
 
$
152,050

 
$
487,404

Variable lease revenue
 
13,641

 
44,881

 
 
165,691

 
532,285

Hotel operating income
 
296,464

 
877,556

 
 
$
462,155

 
$
1,409,841


Future Fixed Lease Payments
At September 30, 2019, future fixed lease payments under noncancelable operating leases for real estate held for investment were as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
 
(In thousands)
Remaining 2019
 
$
67,330

2020
 
253,091

2021
 
243,986

2022
 
236,090

2023
 
221,468

2024 and thereafter
 
993,931

Total (1)
 
$
2,015,896

__________
(1) 
Excludes future fixed lease payments in connection with (i) resident fee income as the related lease agreements are generally cancelable by residents with 30 days’ notice; and (ii) real estate in the industrial segment that is classified as held for sale totaling $1.35 billion through 2038, of which $70.0 million relates to the remainder of 2019.
At December 31, 2018, future contractual minimum lease payments to be received under noncancelable operating leases for real estate held for investment were as follows:
Year Ending December 31,
 
(In thousands)
2019
 
$
293,906

2020
 
285,051

2021
 
265,612

2022
 
254,881

2023
 
242,151

2024 and thereafter
 
961,591

Total (1)
 
$
2,303,192

__________
(1) 
Excludes future contractual minimum lease payments for real estate in the industrial segment that is held for sale totaling $894.4 million.
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
Purchase Commitments—At September 30, 2019, the Company had funded aggregate deposits of $5.4 million with remaining unfunded purchase commitments totaling $58.4 million for the acquisition of three light industrial buildings

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which are under construction. These are real estate acquisitions in the industrial segment and will be classified as held for sale upon closing.
Guarantee Agreements—In July 2017, the Company and certain investment vehicles managed by the Company took control of a portfolio of limited service hotels, primarily located across the Southwest and Midwest U.S. (the "THL Hotel Portfolio") through a consensual foreclosure following maturity default by the borrower on the junior mezzanine loan owned by the Company. In connection with the foreclosure, the Company entered into guarantee agreements with various hotel franchisors, pursuant to which the Company guaranteed the payment of its obligations as a franchisee, including payments of franchise fees and marketing fees for the term of the agreements, which expire between 2027 and 2032. In the event of default or termination of the franchise agreements, the Company is liable for liquidated damages not to exceed $75 million. The Company had similar provisions related to its core hotel portfolio in the hospitality segment, but has met the required minimum payments under the respective franchise agreements and no longer has an obligation to the franchisors.
4. Loans Receivable
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s loans held for investment, including PCI loans:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
Weighted Average Maturity in Years
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Coupon
 
Weighted Average Maturity in Years
Loans at amortized cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-PCI Loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 
$
457,365

 
$
481,108

 
10.6
%
 
1.8
 
$
643,973

 
$
667,590

 
10.7
%
 
2.2
Mezzanine loans
 
437,858

 
435,320

 
12.6
%
 
0.8
 
357,590

 
354,326

 
12.5
%
 
1.5
Corporate loans
 
120,727

 
119,952

 
12.5
%
 
5.7
 
108,944

 
107,796

 
12.3
%
 
5.8
 
 
1,015,950

 
1,036,380

 
 
 
 
 
1,110,507

 
1,129,712

 
 
 
 
Variable rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 
168,401

 
168,811

 
4.2
%
 
0.3
 
178,650

 
179,711

 
4.3
%
 
0.1
Mezzanine loans
 
43,447

 
43,166

 
13.1
%
 
1.8
 
27,772

 
27,417

 
13.4
%
 
2.5
 
 
211,848

 
211,977

 

 
 
 
206,422

 
207,128

 
 
 
 
 
 
1,227,798

 
1,248,357

 
 
 
 
 
1,316,929

 
1,336,840

 
 
 
 
PCI Loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans
 
1,155,353

 
254,029

 

 
 
 
1,324,287

 
351,646

 
 
 
 
Mezzanine loans
 
7,425

 
3,671

 
 
 
 
 
7,425

 
3,671

 
 
 
 
 
 
1,162,778

 
257,700

 
 
 
 
 
1,331,712

 
355,317

 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
 


 
(51,858
)
 
 
 
 
 


 
(32,940
)
 
 
 
 
Loans receivable, net
 
$
2,390,576

 
$
1,454,199

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,648,641

 
$
1,659,217

 
 
 
 

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Non-PCI loans, excluding loans carried at fair value, that are 90 days or more past due as to principal or interest, or where reasonable doubt exists as to timely collection, are generally considered nonperforming and placed on nonaccrual status.
The following table provides an aging summary of non-PCI loans held for investment at carrying values before allowance for loan losses:
 (In thousands)
 Current or Less Than 30 Days Past Due
 
 30-59 Days Past Due
 
 60-89 Days Past Due
 
 90 Days or More Past Due and Nonaccrual
 
 Total Non-PCI Loans
September 30, 2019
$
946,933

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
301,424

 
$
1,248,357

December 31, 2018
1,052,303

 
—

 
44,392

 
240,145

 
1,336,840



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Troubled Debt Restructuring
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there were no loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"), in which the Company provided borrowers, who are experiencing financial difficulties, with various concessions in interest rates, payment terms or default waivers. At both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had one existing TDR loan that was in maturity default, with a carrying value before allowance for loan loss of $37.8 million and an allowance for loan loss of $37.8 million and $12.8 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company has no additional lending commitment on this TDR loan.
Non-PCI Impaired Loans
Non-PCI loans, excluding loans carried at fair value, are identified as impaired when it is no longer probable that interest or principal will be collected according to the contractual terms of the original loan agreement. Non-PCI impaired loans include predominantly loans under nonaccrual, performing and nonperforming TDRs, as well as loans in maturity default.
The following table summarizes non-PCI impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
Gross Carrying Value
 
 
(In thousands)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
With Allowance for Loan Losses
 
Without Allowance for Loan Losses
 
Total
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
September 30, 2019
 
$
296,893

 
$
71,754

 
$
229,670

 
$
301,424

 
$
48,150

December 31, 2018
 
280,337

 
75,179

 
206,628

 
281,807

 
18,304

The average carrying value and interest income recognized on non-PCI impaired loans were as follows.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Average carrying value before allowance for loan losses
 
$
306,114

 
$
296,178

 
$
298,925

 
$
284,794

Total interest income recognized during the period impaired
 
1,651

 
2,992

 
5,943

 
4,300

Cash basis interest income recognized
 
—

 
1,190

 
447

 
1,190

Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans
PCI loans are acquired loans with evidence of credit quality deterioration for which it is probable at acquisition that the Company will collect less than the contractually required payments. PCI loans are recorded at the initial investment in the loans and accreted to the estimated cash flows expected to be collected as measured at acquisition date. The excess of cash flows expected to be collected, measured as of acquisition date, over the estimated fair value represents the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan. The difference between contractually required payments as of the acquisition date and the cash flows expected to be collected, which represents the nonaccretable difference, is not recognized as an adjustment of yield, loss accrual or valuation allowance.
Factors that most significantly affect estimates of cash flows expected to be collected, and accordingly the accretable yield, include: (i) estimate of the remaining life of acquired loans which may change the amount of future interest income; (ii) changes to prepayment assumptions; (iii) changes to collateral value assumptions for loans expected to foreclose; and (iv) changes in interest rates on variable rate loans.
There were no PCI loans acquired in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Changes in accretable yield of PCI loans were as follows:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
Beginning accretable yield
 
$
9,620

 
$
42,435

Dispositions
 
—

 
(5,400
)
Changes in accretable yield
 
11,647

 
3,407

Accretion recognized in earnings
 
(9,471
)
 
(24,250
)
Deconsolidation
 
—

 
(991
)
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates
 
(270
)
 
(223
)
Ending accretable yield
 
$
11,526

 
$
14,978



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The Company applied either the cash basis or cost recovery method for recognition of interest income on PCI loans with carrying value before allowance for loan losses of $162.7 million at September 30, 2019 and $175.6 million at December 31, 2018, as the Company did not have reasonable expectations of the timing and amount of future cash receipts on these loans.
Allowance for Loan Losses
On a periodic basis, the Company analyzes the extent and effect of any credit migration from underwriting and the initial investment review associated with the performance of a loan and/or value of its underlying collateral, financial and operating capability of the borrower or sponsor, as well as amount and status of any senior loan, where applicable. Specifically, operating results of collateral properties and any cash reserves are analyzed and used to assess whether cash from operations are sufficient to cover debt service requirements currently and into the future, ability of the borrower to refinance the loan, liquidation value of collateral properties, financial wherewithal of any loan guarantors as well as the borrower’s competency in managing and operating the collateral properties. Such analysis is performed at least quarterly, or more often as needed when impairment indicators are present.
Allowance for loan losses represents the estimated probable credit losses inherent in loans receivable at balance sheet date and is generally measured as the difference between the carrying value of the loan and either the present value of cash flows expected to be collected or an observable market price for the loan.
For PCI loans, provision for loan losses is recorded if it is determined that decreases in cash flows expected to be collected would result in a decrease in the estimated fair value of the loan below its amortized cost.
The allowance for loan losses and related carrying values of loans held for investment were as follows:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(In thousands)
 
Allowance for
Loan Losses
 
Carrying Value
 
Allowance for
Loan Losses
 
Carrying Value
Non-PCI loans
 
$
48,150

 
$
71,754

 
$
18,304

 
$
75,179

PCI loans
 
3,708

 
21,245

 
14,636

 
54,440

 
 
$
51,858

 
$
92,999

 
$
32,940

 
$
129,619

Changes in allowance for loan losses are presented below:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
Allowance for loan losses at January 1
 
$
32,940

 
$
52,709

Contribution to Colony Credit
 
—

 
(518
)
Deconsolidation
 
—

 
(5,983
)
Provision for loan losses, net
 
35,847

 
27,133

Charge-off
 
(16,929
)
 
(31,430
)
Allowance for loan losses at September 30
 
$
51,858

 
$
41,911


Provision for loan losses by loan type is as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Non-PCI loans
 
$
17,228

 
$
214

 
$
30,035

 
$
7,950

PCI loans
 
5

 
7,611

 
5,812

 
19,183

Total provision for loan losses, net
 
$
17,233

 
$
7,825

 
$
35,847

 
$
27,133


Lending Commitments
The Company has lending commitments to borrowers pursuant to certain loan agreements in which the borrower may submit a request for funding contingent on achieving certain criteria, which must be approved by the Company as lender, such as leasing, performance of capital expenditures and construction in progress with an approved budget. At September 30, 2019, total unfunded lending commitments was $395.3 million, of which the Company's share was $155.6 million, net of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests.


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Table of Contents


5. Equity and Debt Investments
The Company's equity investments and debt securities are represented by the following:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Equity Investments
 
 
 
 
Equity method investments
 
 
 
 
Investment ventures
 
$
1,817,956

 
$
2,151,847

Private funds
 
137,336

 
124,826

 
 
1,955,292

 
2,276,673

Other equity investments
 
 
 
 
Marketable equity securities
 
142,830

 
36,438

Investment ventures
 
92,417

 
95,196

Private funds and non-traded REIT
 
37,858

 
24,607

Total equity investments
 
2,228,397

 
2,432,914

 
 
 
 
 
Debt Securities
 
 
 
 
N-Star CDO bonds, available for sale
 
59,953

 
64,127

CMBS of consolidated fund, at fair value
 
2,771

 
32,706

Total debt securities
 
62,724

 
96,833

Equity and debt investments
 
$
2,291,121

 
$
2,529,747


Equity Investments
The Company's equity investments represent noncontrolling equity interests in various entities, including investments for which fair value option was elected.
Equity Method Investments
The Company owns significant interests in publicly-traded REITs that it manages, Colony Credit and NRE (prior to the sale of NRE in September 2019). The Company accounts for its investments under the equity method as it exercises significant influence over operating and financial policies of these entities through a combination of its ownership interest, its role as the external manager and board representation, but does not control these entities. The Company also owns equity method investments that are structured as joint ventures with one or more private funds or other investment vehicles managed by the Company, or with third party joint venture partners. These investment ventures are generally capitalized through equity contributions from the members and/or leveraged through various financing arrangements. The Company elected the fair value option to account for its interests in certain investment ventures and limited partnership interests in third party private equity funds (Note 11).
The liabilities of the equity method investment entities may only be settled using the assets of these entities and there is no recourse to the general credit of either the Company or the other investors for the obligations of these investment entities. Neither the Company nor the other investors are required to provide financial or other support in excess of their capital commitments. The Company’s exposure to the investment entities is limited to its equity method investment balance.

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Table of Contents


The Company’s investments accounted for under the equity method, including investments for which fair value option was elected, are summarized below:
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
Ownership Interest at
September 30, 2019(1)
 
Carrying Value at
Investments
 
Description
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc.
 
Common equity in publicly traded commercial real estate credit REIT managed by the Company and membership units in its operating subsidiary
(2)
36.4%
 
$
731,306

 
$
1,037,754

NorthStar Realty Europe Corp.
 
Common equity in publicly traded equity REIT managed by the Company
(2)
—%
 
—

 
87,696

RXR Realty
 
Common equity in investment venture with a real estate investor, developer and investment manager
 
27.2%
 
93,368

 
95,418

Preferred equity
 
Preferred equity investments with underlying real estate
(3)
NA
 
139,033

 
219,913

ADC investments
 
Investments in acquisition, development and construction loans in which the Company participates in residual profits from the projects, and the risk and rewards of the arrangements are more similar to those associated with investments in joint ventures
(4)
Various
 
516,731

 
481,477

Private funds
 
General partner and/or limited partner interests in private funds (excluding carried interest allocation)
(5)
Various
 
116,694

 
109,393

Private funds—carried interest
 
Disproportionate allocation of returns to the Company as general partner or equivalent based on the extent to which cumulative performance of the fund exceeds minimum return hurdles
(5)
Various
 
15,208

 
9,525

Other investment ventures
 
Interests in 16 investments at September 30, 2019
 
Various
 
170,557

 
154,412

Fair value option
 
Interests in initial stage, real estate development and hotel ventures and limited partnership interests in private equity funds
 
Various
 
172,395

 
81,085

 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,955,292

 
$
2,276,673

__________
(1)
The Company's ownership interest represents capital contributed to date and may not be reflective of the Company's economic interest in the entity because of provisions in operating agreements governing various matters, such as classes of partner or member interests, allocations of profits and losses, preferential returns and guaranty of debt. Each equity method investment has been determined to be either a VIE for which the Company was not deemed to be the primary beneficiary or a voting interest entity in which the Company does not have the power to control through a majority of voting interest or through other arrangements.
(2)
These entities are governed by their respective boards of directors. The Company's role as manager is under the supervision and direction of such entity's board of directors, which includes representatives from the Company but the majority of whom are independent directors.
(3) 
Some preferred equity investments may not have a stated ownership interest.
(4) 
The Company owns varying levels of stated equity interests in certain acquisition, development and construction ("ADC") arrangements as well as profit participation interests without a stated ownership interest in other ADC arrangements.
(5) 
Excludes the Company's general partner equity, including carried interest associated with the open-end industrial fund, which is classified as held for sale for all periods presented (Note 7).
Colony Credit
The Company owns an approximate 36.4% interest, on a fully diluted basis, in Colony Credit. Colony Credit was formed on January 31, 2018 through a contribution of the CLNY Contributed Portfolio (as described below), represented by the Company's ownership interests ranging from 38% to 100% in certain investment entities ("CLNY Investment Entities"), and a concurrent all-stock merger with NorthStar Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. ("NorthStar I") and NorthStar Real Estate Income II, Inc. ("NorthStar II"), both publicly registered non-traded REITs sponsored and managed by a subsidiary of the Company (the "Combination"). The CLNY Contributed Portfolio comprised the Company's interests in certain commercial real estate loans, net lease properties and limited partnership interests in third party sponsored funds, which represented a select portfolio of U.S. investments within the Company’s other equity and debt segment that were transferable assets consistent with Colony Credit's strategy. Upon closing of the Combination, the Company's management contracts with NorthStar I and NorthStar II were terminated; concurrently, the Company entered into a new management agreement with Colony Credit.
In January 2018, the Company deconsolidated the CLNY Contributed Entities and measured its interest in Colony Credit based upon its proportionate share of Colony Credit's estimated fair value at the closing date of the Combination. The excess of fair value over carrying value of the Company's equity interest in the CLNY Investment Entities upon deconsolidation of $9.9 million was recognized in other gain on the consolidated statement of operations in the three months ended March 31, 2018.


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Table of Contents


Significant Sales of Equity Method Investments
Following a comprehensive review by NRE's Strategic Review Committee and approval by its Board of Directors and a majority of its stockholders, NRE sold all of its outstanding common stock on September 30, 2019 for a price of approximately $17.01 per share. As a result, the Company monetized its investment of 5.6 million shares of NRE common stock and recorded a gain of $12.4 million, included in equity method earnings.
Impairment of Equity Method Investments
The Company evaluates its equity method investments for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") at each reporting period.
Impairment totaling $3.1 million and $253.5 million were recorded in equity method earnings in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. In addition to impairment of the Company's investment in Colony Credit in June 2019, as discussed below, other impairments resulted from a change in the Company's strategy as the Company terminated its future capital commitments to an investee, and write-downs based upon recoverable value from sale of underlying real estate held by an investee.
Impairment totaling $5.6 million and $22.1 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. In making its assessment, the Company considered a variety of factors and assumptions specific to each investment, including: offer prices on the Company's investment; expected payoffs from sales of the underlying business of the investee; or estimated enterprise value of the investee.
Colony Credit—Since Colony Credit began trading on February 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019, Colony Credit's common stock had traded between $15.10 and $23.23 per share. During this period, the carrying value of the Company's investment in Colony Credit ranged between $24.74 per share at inception and $20.25 at June 30, 2019 (prior to impairment). Based upon Colony Credit's closing stock price of $15.50 per share on June 30, 2019, the last trading day of the second quarter, the carrying value of the Company's investment in Colony Credit was $227.9 million in excess of its market value of $743.0 million. In connection with the preparation and review of the Company's financial statements, given the prolonged period of time that the carrying value of the Company's investment in Colony Credit has exceeded its market value, the Company determined that its investment in Colony Credit was other-than-temporarily impaired and recorded an impairment charge of $227.9 million as part of equity method loss in the second quarter of 2019.
The impairment charge in June 2019 resulted in a basis difference between the Company's carrying value of its investment in Colony Credit and the Company's proportionate share of Colony Credit's book value of equity. The impairment charge was applied to the Company's investment in Colony Credit as a whole and was not determined based on an impairment assessment of individual assets held by Colony Credit. In order to address this basis difference, the Company allocated the impairment charge on a relative fair value basis to investments identified by Colony Credit as non-strategic assets. Accordingly, for any future impairment charges taken by Colony Credit on these non-strategic assets, the Company's share thereof will be applied to reduce the basis difference and will not be recorded as an equity method loss until such time the basis difference associated with the respective underlying investments has been fully eliminated.
Other Equity Investments
Other equity investments that do not qualify for equity method accounting consist of the following:
Marketable Equity Securities—These are primarily equity investment in a third party managed mutual fund and publicly traded equity securities held by a consolidated private open-end fund. The equity securities of the consolidated fund comprise listed stocks predominantly in the U.S. and to a lesser extent, in the United Kingdom, and primarily in the financial, real estate and consumer sectors.
Investment Ventures—This represents primarily common equity in the Albertsons/Safeway supermarket chain (with 50% ownership by a co-investment partner) which was initially recorded at cost and prior to 2018, adjusted for distributions in excess of cumulative earnings. There were no adjustments for any impairment or observable price changes.
Private Funds and Non-Traded REIT—This represents interests in a Company-sponsored private fund and a non-traded REIT, NorthStar Healthcare Income, Inc. ("NorthStar Healthcare"), and limited partnership interest in a third party private fund sponsored by an equity method investee, for which the Company elected the NAV practical expedient (see Note 11).

29
Table of Contents


Investment Commitments
Investment Ventures—Pursuant to the operating agreements of certain unconsolidated ventures, the venture partners may be required to fund additional amounts for future investments, unfunded lending commitments, ordinary operating costs, guaranties or commitments of the venture entities. The Company also has lending commitments under ADC arrangements which are accounted for as equity method investments. At September 30, 2019, the Company’s share of these commitments was $67.8 million.
Private Funds—At September 30, 2019, the Company has unfunded commitments of $305.2 million to funds sponsored or co-sponsored by the Company that are accounted for as equity method investments.
Debt Securities
The Company's investment in debt securities is composed of N-Star CDO Bonds, classified as AFS and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) held by a consolidated sponsored investment company that is currently in liquidation, accounted for at fair value through earnings.
AFS Debt Securities
The N-Star CDO bonds are investment-grade subordinate bonds retained by NRF from its sponsored collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs"), and CDO bonds originally issued by NRF that were subsequently repurchased by NRF at a discount. These CDOs are collateralized primarily by commercial real estate ("CRE") debt and CRE securities.
The following tables summarize the balance and activities of the N-Star CDO bonds.
 
 
 
 
Gross Cumulative Unrealized
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gains
 
Losses
 
Fair Value
September 30, 2019
 
$
56,783

 
$
3,359

 
$
(189
)
 
$
59,953

December 31, 2018
 
67,513

 
1,565

 
(4,951
)
 
64,127

Results from disposition of N-Star CDO bonds, with realized gains (losses) recorded in other gain (loss), were as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. There were no sales of AFS debt securities in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and three months ended September 30, 2018.
(In thousands)
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2018
Proceeds from sale
 
$
78,197

Gross realized gain
 
11,304

Gross realized loss
 
(592
)
Impairment of AFS Debt Securities
The following table presents AFS debt securities that have been in a gross unrealized loss position:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Less Than 12 Months
 
Less Than 12 Months
(In thousands)
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Loss
N-Star CDO bonds
$
985

 
$
189

 
$
54,459

 
$
4,951


The Company performs an assessment, at least quarterly, to determine whether a decline in fair value below amortized cost of AFS debt securities is other than temporary. OTTI exists when either (i) the holder has the intent to sell the impaired security, (ii) it is more likely than not the holder will be required to sell the security, or (iii) the holder does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost of the security. In assessing OTTI and estimating future expected cash flows, factors considered include, but are not limited to, credit rating of the security, financial condition of the issuer, defaults for similar securities, performance and value of assets underlying an asset-backed security.
The Company recorded OTTI loss in other gain (loss) of $6.4 million and $7.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. There was no OTTI loss in the three months ended September 30, 2018. The losses were due to an adverse change in expected cash flows on N-Star CDO bonds, and additionally in 2018, CMBS held by consolidated N-Star CDOs which were subsequently deconsolidated in the second quarter of 2018. The Company believed that it was not likely that it would recover the amortized cost on these securities prior to selling them.

30
Table of Contents


At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company believed that the N-Star CDOs with unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income were not other than temporarily impaired as it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases.
6. Goodwill, Deferred Leasing Costs and Other Intangibles
Goodwill
The following table presents changes in the carrying value of goodwill, which resides in the investment management segment.
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
Beginning balance
 
$
1,514,561

 
$
1,514,561

Business combination (Note 2)
 
247,248

 
—

Impairment
 
(387,000
)
 
—

Ending balance (1)
 
$
1,374,809

 
$
1,514,561

__________
(1) 
At September 30, 2019, $140.5 million of goodwill was deductible for income tax purposes. There were no tax deductible amounts at December 31, 2018.
Goodwill assigned to the industrial segment of $20.0 million is classified as held for sale (Note 7).
Impairment of Goodwill
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting units to which it is assigned at least on an annual basis in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value, including goodwill. 
In 2018, the Company performed a quantitative assessment in its annual impairment test and determined that its investment management goodwill was not impaired.
In the third quarter of 2019, the Company considered the loss of future fee income that is expected to result from the pending sale of its industrial business and the amendment of Colony Credit's management agreement to reduce the fee base to reflect Colony Credit's reduced book value, as indicators of potential impairment to its investment management goodwill. The Company updated its quantitative test of goodwill in the third quarter, which indicated that the carrying value of the investment management reporting unit at September 30, 2019, including goodwill, exceeded its estimated fair value. As a result, the Company recognized a goodwill impairment of $387.0 million in the third quarter of 2019.
The fair value of the investment management reporting unit was estimated using the income approach. Projections of discounted cash flows were based on various factors, including, but not limited to, assumptions around forecasted capital raising for existing and future investment vehicles, fee related earnings multiples, incentive fee multiples, operating profit margins and discount rates, adjusted for certain risk characteristics such as the predictability of fee streams and the estimated life of managed investment vehicles. The Company applied terminal year residual multiples on fee related earnings ranging from 16x to 20x, incentive fee multiple of 5x and discount rates ranging from 11% to 13%. The Company considered a range of fee related earnings multiples, incentive fee multiples and discount rates for a peer group of alternative asset managers as indicators to assess for reasonableness, noting that direct comparison generally cannot be drawn due to differences that exist between the Company's business and those of other asset managers. The Company also considered the hypothetical value of its investment management business in a spinoff that would result in the Company becoming externally managed, and assigned a value to internally managing the Company's balance sheet assets based on market terms of management contracts of externally-managed REITs that otherwise engage in similar real estate operations. As a final step, the Company evaluated the reasonableness of the valuation as a whole by comparing the aggregate fair value of its reporting units to its market capitalization, and considered in its evaluation the impact of short-term market volatility and other market factors that may not directly affect the value of the Company's individual reporting units.
Due to the inherently judgmental nature of the various projections and assumptions used, the unpredictability of economic and market conditions, actual results may differ from estimates. Changes to these variables and the potential outcome resulting from the Company exploring with Colony Credit an internalization of the management of Colony Credit and a transfer of the Company's private credit investment management business to Colony Credit may result in further decline in the fair value of the Company's investment management reporting unit, which may result in further impairment of goodwill in the future.

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Table of Contents


Deferred Leasing Costs, Other Intangible Assets and Intangible Liabilities
Deferred leasing costs and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities, excluding those related to assets held for sale, are as follows:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(In thousands)
Carrying Amount (Net of Impairment)(1)
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
 
Carrying Amount (Net of Impairment)(1)
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Net Carrying Amount
Deferred Leasing Costs and Intangible Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In-place lease values
$
142,035

 
$
(61,668
)
 
$
80,367

 
$
170,869

 
$
(55,103
)
 
$
115,766

Above-market lease values
97,955

 
(28,681
)
 
69,274

 
111,903

 
(29,497
)
 
82,406

Below-market ground lease obligations (2)
—

 
—

 
—

 
16,258

 
(984
)
 
15,274

Deferred leasing costs
20,341

 
(7,011
)
 
13,330

 
17,154

 
(4,465
)
 
12,689

Lease incentives
14,169

 
(1,889
)
 
12,280

 
14,169

 
(1,134
)
 
13,035

Trade name (3)
19,800

 
(78
)
 
19,722

 
15,500

 
—

 
15,500

Investment management contracts (4)
327,398

 
(170,274
)
 
157,124

 
194,698

 
(92,618
)
 
102,080

Customer relationships
68,153

 
(18,025
)
 
50,128

 
49,291

 
(15,027
)
 
34,264

Other (5)
38,328

 
(2,188
)
 
36,140

 
59,157

 
(4,241
)
 
54,916

Total deferred leasing costs and intangible assets
$
728,179

 
$
(289,814
)
 
$
438,365

 
$
648,999

 
$
(203,069
)
 
$
445,930

Intangible Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Below-market lease values
$
143,698

 
$
(48,196
)
 
$
95,502

 
$
176,013

 
$
(42,895
)
 
$
133,118

Above-market ground lease obligations (2)
—

 
—

 
—

 
15,909

 
(1,557
)
 
14,352

Total intangible liabilities
$
143,698

 
$
(48,196
)
 
$
95,502

 
$
191,922

 
$
(44,452
)
 
$
147,470

__________
(1) 
For intangible assets and intangible liabilities recognized in connection with business combinations, purchase price allocations may be subject to adjustments during the measurement period, not to exceed twelve months from date of acquisition, based upon new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at time of acquisition. Amounts are presented net of impairments and write-offs.
(2) 
Upon adoption of the new lease standard on January 1, 2019, below-market and above-market ground lease obligations were reclassified as a component of operating lease right-of-use asset, included in other assets.
(3) 
The DBH trade name is amortized over its estimated useful life of 10 years, while the Colony trade name is determined to have an indefinite useful life and is not currently subject to amortization.
(4) 
Accumulated amortization includes accelerated amortization upon termination of the NRE management contract of $53.7 million in September 2019.
(5) 
Represents primarily the value of certificates of need associated with certain healthcare portfolios which are not amortized and franchise agreements associated with certain hotel properties which are subject to amortization over the term of the respective agreements.
Impairment of Identifiable Intangible Assets
There was no impairment of identifiable intangible assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
The following impairment losses were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2018:
Investment Management Contracts—$147.4 million of impairment was recorded on investment management contract intangibles related to non-traded REITs. This consisted of $139.0 million write-off of the NorthStar I and NorthStar II management contract intangibles as the contracts were terminated upon closing of the Combination, and $1.4 million write off of the management contract intangible of the Company's sponsored non-traded REIT, NorthStar/RXR New York Metro Real Estate, Inc., in consideration of the termination of its offering period effective March 2018 and subsequent liquidation, both of which were recorded in the first quarter of 2018, and $7.0 million impairment in the third quarter of 2018 on the NorthStar Healthcare management contract intangible which was valued based upon future net cash flows, discounted at 10%.
Customer Relationships—In the fourth quarter of 2018, the remaining value of the retail customer relationship intangible of $10.1 million was written off based on a reassessment of future capital raising for retail vehicles.
Trade Name—In June 2018, the Company changed its name from Colony NorthStar, Inc. to Colony Capital, Inc. and wrote off the remaining value of the NorthStar trade name of $59.5 million.

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Amortization of Intangible Assets and Liabilities
The following table summarizes amortization of deferred leasing costs and finite-lived intangible assets and intangible liabilities, excluding amounts related to discontinued operations (Note 15):
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Above-market lease values
$
(2,830
)
 
$
(3,219
)
 
$
(8,507
)
 
$
(23,181
)
Below-market lease values
5,003

 
4,996

 
14,925

 
25,371

Lease incentives
(252
)
 
(252
)
 
(756
)
 
(745
)
Net increase (decrease) to rental income
$
1,921

 
$
1,525

 
$
5,662

 
$
1,445

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Above-market ground lease obligations
$
—

 
$
(333
)
 
$
—

 
$
(800
)
Below-market ground lease obligations
—

 
182

 
—

 
551

Net increase (decrease) to ground rent expense
$
—

 
$
(151
)
 
$
—

 
$
(249
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In-place lease values
$
6,862

 
$
6,608

 
$
21,039

 
$
21,993

Deferred leasing costs
721

 
941

 
3,089

 
2,569

Trade name
78

 
—

 
78

 
1,606

Investment management contracts
63,754

 
4,013

 
77,656

 
13,824

Customer relationships
1,327

 
1,152

 
2,999

 
3,455

Other
280

 
724

 
934

 
1,858

Amortization expense
$
73,022

 
$
13,438

 
$
105,795

 
$
45,305


The following table presents the effect of future amortization of deferred leasing costs and finite-lived intangible assets and intangible liabilities, excluding those related to assets and liabilities held for sale:
 
Year Ending December 31,
 
 
(In thousands)
Remaining 2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
2023
 
2024 and Thereafter
 
Total
Net increase (decrease) to rental income (1)
$
1,851

 
$
6,897

 
$
5,697

 
$
5,267

 
$
5,954

 
$
(11,718
)
 
$
13,948

Amortization expense (1)
15,012

 
58,940

 
53,640

 
43,246

 
34,934

 
108,039

 
313,811


__________
(1) 
Excludes $9.7 million net increase to rental income and $145.6 million amortization expense related to deferred leasing costs and intangible assets and liabilities of the industrial segment that is held for sale.
7. Assets and Related Liabilities Held for Sale
The Company's assets and related liabilities held for sale are summarized below:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Assets
 

 
 
Restricted cash
 
$
16,312

 
$
6,213

Real estate, net
 
5,186,793

 
3,645,406

Equity investment—private fund
 
48,478

 
13,422

Goodwill
 
20,000

 
20,000

Deferred leasing costs and intangible assets, net
 
175,248

 
135,924

Other assets
 
113,372

 
146,380

Total assets held for sale
 
$
5,560,203

 
$
3,967,345

 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Debt, net
 
$
2,131,497

 
$
1,064,585

Lease intangibles and other liabilities, net
 
203,146

 
153,910

Total liabilities related to assets held for sale
 
$
2,334,643

 
$
1,218,495



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Assets and Liabilities Related to Discontinued Operations
At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, assets totaling $4.5 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, and liabilities totaling $2.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, in connection with the industrial segment and related management platform, were classified as held for sale and discontinued operations. The industrial assets held for sale consisted primarily of real estate and related intangible assets of $4.4 billion at September 30, 2019 and $2.9 billion at December 31, 2018, as well as goodwill associated with the industrial management platform and the Company's general partner interest in the industrial open-end fund, as presented in the table above. Debt classified as held for sale represents all outstanding debt of the industrial segment which is expected to be assumed by the buyer or extinguished concurrent with closing of the sale. At September 30, 2019, the outstanding debt of the industrial segment was composed of $1.3 billion fixed rate and $0.9 billion variable rate, bearing an overall weighted average interest rate of 3.72%, and weighted average remaining maturity of 7.6 years.
8. Restricted Cash, Other Assets and Other Liabilities
Restricted Cash
The following table summarizes the Company's restricted cash balance:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Capital expenditures reserves (1)
 
$
112,335

 
$
214,863

Real estate escrow reserves (2)
 
53,424

 
49,702

Borrower escrow deposits
 
12,460

 
10,412

Working capital and other reserves (3)
 
13,968

 
19,586

Tenant lock boxes (4)
 
14,505

 
15,666

Other
 
50,743

 
54,376

Total restricted cash
 
$
257,435

 
$
364,605

__________
(1) 
Represents primarily cash held by lenders for capital improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, tenant improvements, lease renewal and replacement reserves related to real estate assets.
(2) 
Represents primarily insurance, real estate tax, repair and maintenance, tenant security deposits and other escrows related to real estate assets.
(3) 
Represents reserves for working capital and property development expenditures, as well as in connection with letter of credit provisions, as required in certain joint venture arrangements.
(4) 
Represents tenant rents held in lock boxes controlled by the lender. The Company receives the monies after application of rent receipts to service its debt.
Other Assets
The following table summarizes the Company's other assets:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Interest receivable
 
$
13,134

 
$
14,005

Straight-line rents
 
31,893

 
34,931

Hotel-related deposits and reserves (1)
 
17,328

 
21,636

Investment deposits and pending deal costs
 
34,385

 
27,534

Deferred financing costs, net (2)
 
3,520

 
5,467

Derivative assets (Note 10)
 
34,746

 
33,558

Prepaid taxes and deferred tax assets, net
 
57,848

 
71,656

Receivables from resolution of investments (3)
 
16,692

 
30,770

Operating lease right-of-use asset, net
 
119,887

 
—

Accounts receivable, net (4)
 
76,833

 
58,830

Prepaid expenses
 
34,563

 
23,771

Other assets
 
31,947

 
30,604

Fixed assets, net
 
44,188

 
47,381

Total other assets
 
$
516,964

 
$
400,143


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Table of Contents


__________
(1) 
Represents working capital deposits and reserves held by third party managers at certain hotel properties to fund furniture, fixtures and equipment expenditures. Funding of reserves is made periodically based on a percentage of hotel operating income.
(2) 
Deferred financing costs relate to revolving credit arrangements.
(3) 
Represents primarily proceeds from loan repayments and real estate sales held in escrow and sales of marketable equity securities pending settlement.
(4) 
Includes receivables for hotel operating income, resident fees, rent and other tenant receivables, net of allowance.
Accrued and Other Liabilities
The following table summarizes the Company's accrued and other liabilities:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Tenant security deposits and payable
 
$
15,465

 
$
15,135

Borrower escrow deposits
 
12,401

 
13,001

Deferred income (1)
 
23,862

 
27,124

Interest payable
 
39,473

 
40,622

Derivative liabilities (Note 10)
 
261,942

 
132,808

Contingent consideration—THL Hotel Portfolio (Note 11)
 
9,330

 
8,903

Share repurchase payable (2)
 
—

 
7,567

Current and deferred income tax liability
 
88,582

 
92,808

Operating lease liability (Note 20)
 
120,635

 
—

Accrued compensation
 
87,200

 
79,320

Accrued carried interest and contractual incentive fee compensation
 
6,998

 
7,486

Accrued real estate and other taxes
 
47,397

 
38,714

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
97,972

 
91,244

Other liabilities
 
112,175

 
79,412

Total accrued and other liabilities
 
$
923,432

 
$
634,144

__________
(1) 
Represents primarily prepaid rental income, prepaid interest from borrowers held in reserve accounts, deferred asset management fees from private funds, and deferred base management fees assumed in the DBH acquisition. Deferred management fees totaling $13.3 million at September 30, 2019 and $3.2 million at December 31, 2018 will be recognized as fee income over a weighted average period of 0.9 years.
(2) 
Represents the Company's common stock repurchases transacted in December 2018 and settled in January 2019.
9. Debt
The Company's debt consists of the following components, excluding debt associated with the industrial segment, which is expected to be assumed by the buyer and included in liabilities related to assets held for sale (Note 7).
(In thousands)
 
Corporate Credit Facility(1)
 
Convertible and Exchangeable Senior Notes
 
Secured Debt (2)
 
Junior Subordinated Notes
 
Total Debt
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt at amortized cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal
 
$
184,200

 
$
616,105

 
$
7,768,294

 
$
280,117

 
$
8,848,716

Premium (discount), net
 
—

 
2,360

 
(18,388
)
 
(79,488
)
 
(95,516
)
Deferred financing costs
 
—

 
(4,895
)
 
(82,197
)
 
—

 
(87,092
)
 
 
$
184,200

 
$
613,570

 
$
7,667,709

 
$
200,629

 
$
8,666,108

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt at amortized cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal
 
$
—

 
$
616,105

 
$
8,275,707

 
$
280,117

 
$
9,171,929

Premium (discount), net
 
—

 
2,697

 
(41,217
)
 
(81,031
)
 
(119,551
)
Deferred financing costs
 
—

 
(6,652
)
 
(70,354
)
 
—

 
(77,006
)
 
 
$
—

 
$
612,150

 
$
8,164,136

 
$
199,086

 
$
8,975,372

__________
(1) 
Deferred financing costs related to the corporate credit facility are included in other assets.
(2) 
Debt principal totaling $570.0 million at September 30, 2019 and $425.9 million at December 31, 2018 relates to financing on assets held for sale. Debt associated with assets held for sale that will be assumed by the buyer is included in liabilities related to assets held for sale (Note 7).

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The following table summarizes certain information about the different components of debt carried at amortized cost. Weighted average years remaining to maturity is based on initial maturity dates or extended maturity dates if the criteria to extend have been met as of the balance sheet date and the extension option is at the Company’s discretion.
 
Fixed Rate
 
Variable Rate
 
Total
($ in thousands)
Outstanding Principal
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate (Per Annum)
 
Weighted Average Years Remaining to Maturity
 
Outstanding Principal
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate (Per Annum)
 
Weighted Average Years Remaining to Maturity
 
Outstanding Principal
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate (Per Annum)
 
Weighted Average Years Remaining to Maturity
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recourse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate credit facility
$
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
$
184,200

 
4.28
%
 
2.3
 
$
184,200

 
4.28
%
 
2.3
Convertible and exchangeable senior notes
616,105

 
4.27
%
 
2.3
 
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
616,105

 
4.27
%
 
2.3
Junior subordinated debt
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
280,117

 
4.95
%
 
16.7
 
280,117

 
4.95
%
 
16.7
Secured debt (1)
35,622

 
5.02
%
 
6.2
 
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
35,622

 
5.02
%
 
6.2
 
651,727

 
 
 
 
 
464,317

 
 
 
 
 
1,116,044

 
 
 
 
Non-recourse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare (2) (3)
405,980

 
4.55
%
 
5.4
 
2,547,725

 
5.63
%
 
3.9
 
2,953,705

 
5.48
%
 
4.1
Hospitality
13,388

 
12.66
%
 
1.9
 
2,646,227

 
5.14
%
 
3.2
 
2,659,615

 
5.18
%
 
3.2
Other Real Estate Equity (2)
161,871

 
4.14
%
 
3.6
 
1,715,606

 
4.04
%
 
2.8
 
1,877,477

 
4.05
%
 
2.9
Real Estate Debt
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
241,875

 
3.80
%
 
2.3
 
241,875

 
3.80
%
 
2.3
 
581,239

 
 
 
 
 
7,151,433

 
 
 
 
 
7,732,672

 
 
 
 
 
$
1,232,966

 
 
 
 
 
$
7,615,750

 
 
 
 
 
$
8,848,716

 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recourse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate credit facility
$
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
$
—

 
N/A

 
3.0
 
$
—

 
N/A

 
3.0
Convertible and exchangeable senior notes
616,105

 
4.27
%
 
3.0
 
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
616,105

 
4.27
%
 
3.0
Junior subordinated debt
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
280,117

 
5.66
%
 
17.4
 
280,117

 
5.66
%
 
17.4
Secured debt (1)
37,199

 
5.02
%
 
6.9
 
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
37,199

 
5.02
%
 
6.9
 
653,304

 
 
 
 
 
280,117

 
 
 
 
 
933,421

 
 
 
 
Non-recourse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare (2)(3)
2,130,999

 
4.62
%
 
1.9
 
1,109,681

 
6.64
%
 
2.7
 
3,240,680

 
5.31
%
 
2.2
Hospitality
12,019

 
12.99
%
 
2.6
 
2,636,053

 
5.68
%
 
3.8
 
2,648,072

 
5.71
%
 
3.8
Other Real Estate Equity (2)
200,814

 
4.02
%
 
3.8
 
1,789,431

 
4.43
%
 
3.6
 
1,990,245

 
4.39
%
 
3.7
Real Estate Debt
—

 
N/A

 
N/A
 
359,511

 
4.50
%
 
2.4
 
359,511

 
4.50
%
 
2.4
 
2,343,832

 
 
 
 
 
5,894,676

 
 
 
 
 
8,238,508

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,997,136

 
 
 
 
 
$
6,174,793

 
 
 
 
 
$
9,171,929

 
 
 
 
__________
(1) 
The fixed rate recourse debt is secured by the Company's aircraft.
(2) 
Mortgage debt in the healthcare and other real estate equity segment with an aggregate outstanding principal of $315.0 million at September 30, 2019 and $538.5 million at December 31, 2018 were either in payment default or were not in compliance with certain debt and/or lease covenants. The Company is negotiating with the lenders and the tenants to restructure the debt and leases, as applicable, or otherwise refinance the debt.
(3) 
At December 31, 2018, included $1.725 billion outstanding principal of non-recourse fixed rate mortgage debt on certain properties in our U.S. healthcare portfolio that was scheduled to mature in December 2019. In June 2019, such debt was refinanced with $1.515 billion of variable rate debt, composed of $1.025 billion first mortgage debt and $490 million mezzanine debt, with a two-year initial term and three 1-year extension options.
Corporate Credit Facility
On January 10, 2017, the OP entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with several lenders and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and Bank of America, N.A. as syndication agent. The Credit Agreement provided a secured revolving credit facility in the maximum principal amount of $1.0 billion, with an option to increase up to $1.5 billion, subject to agreement of existing or substitute lenders to provide the additional loan commitment and satisfaction of customary closing conditions. The credit facility is scheduled to mature in January 2021, with two 6-month extension options, each subject to a fee of 0.10% of the commitment amount upon exercise.

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In April 2019, the Credit Agreement was amended to reduce the aggregate commitments available from $1.0 billion to $750 million, and the option to increase the borrowing commitments, subject to agreement by the lenders and customary closing conditions, from $1.5 billion to $1.125 billion. The amendment also provides that the Company may operate at below the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement, for a reduced valuation of the borrowing base, and establishes a new floor for the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio beginning fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019.
The maximum amount available at any time is limited by a borrowing base of certain investment assets, with the valuation of such investment assets generally determined according to a percentage of adjusted net book value or a multiple of base management fee EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement).
Advances under the Credit Agreement accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to the sum of one-month London Inter-bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 2.25% or a base rate determined according to a prime rate or federal funds rate plus a margin of 1.25%. The Company pays a commitment fee of 0.25% or 0.35% per annum of the unused amount (0.35% at September 30, 2019), depending upon the amount of facility utilization.
Some of the Company’s subsidiaries guarantee the obligations of the Company under the Credit Agreement. As security for the advances under the Credit Agreement, the Company and some of its affiliates pledged their equity interests in certain subsidiaries through which the Company directly or indirectly owns substantially all of its assets.
The Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants that require the Company to maintain minimum tangible net worth, liquidity levels and financial ratios, as defined in the Credit Agreement. At September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all of the financial covenants.
The Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to reasonable and customary periods to cure. The occurrence of an event of default may result in the termination of the credit facility, accelerate the Company’s repayment obligations, in certain cases limit the Company’s ability to make distributions, and allow the lenders to exercise all rights and remedies available to them with respect to the collateral. There have been no events of default since the inception of the credit facility.
Convertible and Exchangeable Senior Notes
Convertible senior notes and exchangeable senior notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed by the Company on a senior unsecured basis.
Convertible and exchangeable senior notes issued by the Company and outstanding are as follows:
Description
 
Issuance Date
 
Due Date
 
Interest Rate
 
Conversion or Exchange Price (per share of common stock)
 
Conversion or Exchange Ratio
(in shares)(1)
 
Conversion or Exchange Shares (in thousands)
 
Earliest Redemption Date
 
Outstanding Principal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.00% Convertible Notes
 
April 2013
 
April 15, 2023
 
5.00
 
$
15.76

 
63.4700

 
12,694

 
April 22, 2020
 
$
200,000

 
$
200,000

3.875% Convertible Notes
 
January and June 2014
 
January 15, 2021
 
3.875
 
16.57

 
60.3431

 
24,288

 
January 22, 2019
 
402,500

 
402,500

5.375% Exchangeable Notes
 
June 2013
 
June 15, 2033
 
5.375
 
12.04

 
83.0837

 
1,130

 
June 15, 2023
 
13,605

 
13,605

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
616,105

 
$
616,105

__________
(1) 
The conversion or exchange rate for convertible and exchangeable senior notes is subject to periodic adjustments to reflect the carried-forward adjustments relating to common stock splits, reverse stock splits, common stock adjustments in connection with spin-offs and cumulative cash dividends paid on the Company's common stock since the issuance of the convertible and exchangeable senior notes. The conversion or exchange ratios are presented in shares of common stock per $1,000 principal of each convertible or exchangeable note.
The convertible and exchangeable senior notes mature on their respective due dates, unless redeemed, repurchased or exchanged prior to such date in accordance with the terms of their respective governing documents. The convertible and exchangeable senior notes are redeemable at a redemption price equal to 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the redemption date.
The Company may redeem the convertible notes for cash at its option at any time on or after their respective redemption dates if the last reported sale price of the Company's common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price of the convertible notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption.

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Table of Contents


The exchangeable notes may be exchanged for cash, common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company's election, upon the occurrence of specified events, and at any time on or after their respective redemption dates, and on the second business day immediately preceding their maturity dates. The holders of the exchangeable notes have the right, at their option, to require the Company to repurchase the exchangeable notes for cash on certain specific dates in accordance with the terms of their respective governing documents.
Secured and Unsecured Debt
These are primarily investment level financing, which are generally subject to customary non-recourse carve-outs, secured by underlying commercial real estate and mortgage loans receivable.
Junior Subordinated Debt
The junior subordinated debt was assumed by the Company through the Merger at fair value. Prior to the Merger, subsidiaries of NRF, which were formed as statutory trusts, NorthStar Realty Finance Trust I through VIII (the “Trusts”), issued trust preferred securities ("TruPS") in private placement offerings. The sole assets of the Trusts consist of a like amount of junior subordinated notes issued by NRF at the time of the offerings (the "Junior Notes"). 
The Company may redeem the Junior Notes at par, in whole or in part, for cash, after five years. To the extent the Company redeems the Junior Notes, the Trusts are required to redeem a corresponding amount of TruPS. The ability of the Trusts to pay dividends depends on the receipt of interest payments on the Junior Notes. The Company has the right, pursuant to certain qualifications and covenants, to defer payments of interest on the Junior Notes for up to six consecutive quarters. If payment of interest on the Junior Notes is deferred, the Trusts will defer the quarterly distributions on the TruPS for a corresponding period. Additional interest accrues on deferred payments at the annual rate payable on the Junior Notes, compounded quarterly.
10. Derivatives
The Company uses derivative instruments to manage the risk of changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates, arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative instruments to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and cash payments, the values of which are driven by interest rates, principally relating to the Company’s investments and borrowings. Additionally, the Company’s foreign operations expose the Company to fluctuations in foreign interest rates and exchange rates. The Company enters into derivative instruments to protect the value or fix certain of these foreign denominated amounts in terms of its functional currency, the U.S. dollar. Derivative instruments used in the Company’s risk management activities may be designated as qualifying hedge accounting relationships (“designated hedges”) or otherwise used for economic hedging purposes (“non-designated hedges”).
Fair value of derivative assets and derivative liabilities were as follows:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(In thousands)
 
Designated Hedges
 
Non-Designated Hedges
 
Total
 
Designated Hedges
 
Non-Designated Hedges
 
Total
Derivative Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
$
26,665

 
$
2,955

 
$
29,620

 
$
31,127

 
$
1,069

 
$
32,196

Interest rate contracts
 
43

 
70

 
113

 
862

 
500

 
1,362

Performance swaps
 
—

 
5,013

 
5,013

 
—

 
—

 
—

Included in other assets
 
$
26,708

 
$
8,038

 
$
34,746

 
$
31,989

 
$
1,569

 
$
33,558

Derivative Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
$
1,857

 
$
42

 
$
1,899

 
$
6,193

 
$
211

 
$
6,404

Interest rate contracts
 
8,351

 
139,479

 
147,830

 
—

 
126,404

 
126,404

Forward contracts
 
—

 
120,564

 
120,564

 
—

 
—

 
—

Included in accrued and other liabilities
 
$
10,208

 
$
260,085

 
$
270,293

 
$
6,193

 
$
126,615

 
$
132,808


Certain counterparties to the derivative instruments require the Company to deposit cash or other eligible collateral. The Company had cash collateral on deposit of $9.1 million at September 30, 2019 and $0.8 million at December 31, 2018, included in other assets.

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Foreign Exchange Contracts
The following table summarizes the aggregate notional amounts of designated and non-designated foreign exchange contracts in place at September 30, 2019, along with certain key terms:
Hedged Currency
 
Instrument Type
 
Notional Amount
(in thousands)
 
FX Rates
($ per unit of foreign currency)
 
Range of Expiration Dates
 
 
Designated
 
Non-Designated
 
 
EUR
 
FX Collar
 
€
71,154

 
€
1,008

 
Min $1.06 / Max $1.31
 
March 2020 to November 2020
GBP
 
FX Collar
 
£
3,061

 
£
839

 
Min $1.45 / Max $1.62
 
December 2019
EUR
 
FX Forward
 
€
361,030

 
€
7,524

 
Min $1.11 / Max $1.38
 
October 2019 to February 2024
GBP
 
FX Forward
 
£
100,353

 
£
31,092

 
Min $1.24 / Max $1.32
 
December 2019 to December 2020

Designated Net Investment Hedges
The Company’s foreign denominated net investments in subsidiaries or joint ventures were €505.6 million and £275.2 million, or a total of $0.9 billion at September 30, 2019, and €614.0 million and £280.8 million, or a total of $1.1 billion at December 31, 2018.
The Company entered into foreign exchange contracts to hedge the foreign currency exposure of certain investments in foreign subsidiaries or equity method joint ventures, designated as net investment hedges, as follows:
•
    forward contracts whereby the Company agrees to sell an amount of foreign currency for an agreed upon amount of U.S. dollars; and
•
    foreign exchange collars (caps and floors) without upfront premium costs, which consist of a combination of currency options with single date expirations, whereby the Company gains protection against foreign currency weakening below a specified level and pays for that protection by giving up gains from foreign currency appreciation above a specified level.
Foreign exchange contracts are used to protect the Company’s foreign denominated investments from adverse foreign currency fluctuations, with notional amounts and termination dates based upon the anticipated return of capital from the investments.
Release of accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") related to net investment hedges occurs upon losing a controlling financial interest in an investment or obtaining control over an equity method investment. Upon sale, complete or substantially complete liquidation of an investment in a foreign subsidiary, or partial sale of an equity method investment, the gain or loss on the related net investment hedge is reclassified from AOCI to other gain (loss) as summarized below.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Designated net investment hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gain (loss) transferred from AOCI to earnings
 
$
—

 
$
6,198

 
$
1,026

 
$
8,535

Non-Designated Hedges
At the end of each quarter, the Company reassesses the effectiveness of its net investment hedges and as appropriate, dedesignates the portion of the derivative notional amount that is in excess of the beginning balance of its net investments. Any unrealized gain or loss on the dedesignated portion of net investment hedges is recorded in other gain (loss).
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Non-designated net investment hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) transferred from AOCI to earnings
 
$
1,767

 
$
770

 
$
1,367

 
$
2,008



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Interest Rate Contracts
The Company uses various interest rate contracts, some of which may be designated as cash flows hedges, to limit its exposure to changes in interest rates on various floating rate debt obligations. The following table summarizes the interest rate contracts held by the Company at September 30, 2019, in addition to the forward starting interest rate swap and reverse swap positions described below:
 
 
Notional Amount
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Strike Rate / Forward Rate
 
 
Instrument Type
 
Designated
 
Non-Designated
 
Index
 
 
Range of Expiration Dates
Interest rate swaps
 
$
300,000

 
$
—

 
1-Month LIBOR
 
2.15%
 
February 2022 to February 2024
Interest rate caps
 
$
—

 
$
5,824,460

 
1-Month LIBOR
 
3.0% - 6.26%
 
November 2019 to June 2021
Interest rate caps
 
€
247,513

 
€
541,151

 
3-Month EURIBOR
 
1.0% - 1.5%
 
October 2019 to June 2024
Interest rate caps
 
£
—

 
£
363,716

 
3-Month GBP LIBOR
 
1.5% - 2.5%
 
November 2019 to February 2020

In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed a $2.0 billion notional forward starting swap that required the Company to pay 3.394% fixed and receive 3-month LIBOR beginning December 2019, with a maturity date in December 2029 and a mandatory cash settlement at fair value in December 2019. The non-designated swap was intended to hedge the interest rate risk on future refinancing of certain healthcare mortgage debt assumed in the Merger. In the third quarter of 2019, the Company unwound $1.2 billion of the $2.0 billion notional amount with a cash settlement of $223.9 million. Separately, the Company entered into a series of reverse interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $0.8 billion, intended to reduce the interest rate risk on the remaining $0.8 billion notional amount of the non-designated swap. The reverse swaps require the Company to receive fixed rates at a weighted average of 1.556%, in exchange for payment of 3-month LIBOR, locking in a cash payment stream from December 2019 through December 2029, with a mandatory cash settlement in December 2019. At September 30, 2019, the fair value of the remaining non-designated swap and reverse swaps in aggregate was a liability of $139.5 million, included in accrued and other liabilities.
In October 2019, the Company terminated all outstanding positions of the swap and reverse swaps. The net settlement payment of $141.2 million is expected to be paid in December 2019.
The following table summarizes amounts recorded in other gain (loss) related to interest rate contracts:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-designated interest rate contracts
 
(91,574
)
 
27,508

 
(240,710
)
 
108,884


Forward Contracts and Performance Swaps
During December 2018 and January 2019, the Company entered into a series of forward contracts on a portfolio of shares in a real estate mutual fund with a counterparty in an aggregate notional amount of $100 million with a one year term to be settled, at the election of the Company, in cash or through delivery of the mutual fund shares. Concurrently with the forward contracts, the Company entered into a series of swap transactions with the same counterparty to pay the return of the Dow Jones U.S. Select REIT Total Return Index. The forward and swap transactions required an initial combined collateral deposit of $12 million, subject to daily net settlements in net fair value changes in excess of a predetermined threshold. At September 30, 2019, the collateral deposit was $9.1 million.
The forwards and swaps are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes and are subject to fair value adjustments through earnings. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, fair value loss on the forwards of $8.2 million and $20.6 million, respectively, and fair value gain on the swaps of $1.4 million and $5.0 million, respectively, are included in other gain (loss) in the Company’s statement of operations. The Company’s investment in the mutual fund is carried at fair value and is included in equity and debt investments on the balance sheet. Unrealized gain on the mutual fund shares of $8.2 million and $21.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, is included in other gain (loss).
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
The Company enters into agreements subject to enforceable master netting arrangements with its derivative counterparties that allow the Company to offset the settlement of derivative assets and liabilities in the same currency

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by derivative instrument type or, in the event of default by the counterparty, to offset all derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty. The Company has elected not to net derivative asset and liability positions, notwithstanding the conditions for right of offset may have been met, and presents derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty on a gross basis on the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table sets forth derivative positions where the Company has a right of offset under netting arrangements with the same counterparty.
 
 
Gross Assets (Liabilities) on Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset on Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amounts of Assets (Liabilities)
(In thousands)
 
 
(Assets) Liabilities
 
Cash Collateral Pledged
 
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
$
29,620

 
$
(1,899
)
 
$
—

 
$
27,721

Interest rate contracts
 
113

 
(41
)
 
—

 
72

Performance swaps
 
5,013

 
(5,013
)
 
—

 
—

 
 
$
34,746

 
$
(6,953
)
 
$
—

 
$
27,793

Derivative Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
$
(1,899
)
 
$
1,899

 
$
—

 
$
—

Interest rate contracts
 
(147,830
)
 
41

 
—

 
(147,789
)
Forward contract
 
(120,564
)
 
5,013

 
9,121

 
(106,430
)
 
 
$
(270,293
)
 
$
6,953

 
$
9,121

 
$
(254,219
)
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
$
32,196

 
$
(1,743
)
 
$
—

 
$
30,453

Interest rate contracts
 
1,362

 
(823
)
 
—

 
539

 
 
$
33,558

 
$
(2,566
)
 
$
—

 
$
30,992

Derivative Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
$
(6,404
)
 
$
1,743

 
$
—

 
$
(4,661
)
Interest rate contracts
 
(126,404
)
 
823

 
840

 
(124,741
)
 
 
$
(132,808
)
 
$
2,566

 
$
840

 
$
(129,402
)


11. Fair Value
Recurring Fair Values
The table below presents a summary of financial assets and financial liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial instruments for which the fair value option was elected, but excluding financial assets under the NAV practical expedient, categorized into the following three tier hierarchy:
Level 1—Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in non-active markets, or valuation techniques utilizing inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable data directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3—At least one assumption or input is unobservable and it is significant to the fair value measurement, requiring significant management judgment or estimate.

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Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity method investments
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
172,395

 
$
172,395

Marketable equity securities
 
142,830

 
—

 
—

 
142,830

Debt securities available for sale—N-Star CDO bonds
 
—

 
—

 
59,953

 
59,953

CMBS of consolidated fund
 
—

 
2,771

 
—

 
2,771

Other assets—derivative assets
 
—

 
34,746

 
—

 
34,746

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities—derivative liabilities
 
—

 
270,293

 
—

 
270,293

Other liabilities—contingent consideration for THL Hotel Portfolio
 
—

 
—

 
9,330

 
9,330

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity method investments
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
81,085

 
$
81,085

Marketable equity securities
 
36,438

 
—

 
—

 
36,438

Debt securities available for sale—N-Star CDO bonds
 
—

 
—

 
64,127

 
64,127

CMBS of consolidated fund
 
—

 
32,706

 
—

 
32,706

Other assets—derivative assets
 
—

 
33,558

 
—

 
33,558

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities—derivative liabilities
 
—

 
132,808

 
—

 
132,808

Other liabilities—contingent consideration for THL Hotel Portfolio
 
—

 
—

 
8,903

 
8,903


Equity Method Investments
Equity method investments for which fair value option was elected are carried at fair value on a recurring basis.
Fair values are determined using either discounted cash flow models based on expected future cash flows for income and realization events of the underlying assets, applying revenue multiples, based on transaction price for recently acquired investments, or pending or comparable market sales price on an investment, as applicable. In valuing the Company's investment in third party private equity funds, the Company considers cash flows provided by the general partners of the funds and the implied yields of the funds. The Company has not elected the practical expedient to measure the fair value of its investments in these private equity funds using NAV of the underlying funds. Fair value of equity method investments are classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, unless investments are valued based on contracted sales prices which are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Changes in fair value of equity method investments under the fair value option are recorded in equity method earnings.
Marketable Equity Securities
Marketable equity securities consist primarily of investment in a third party managed mutual fund and equity securities held by a consolidated fund. These marketable equity securities are valued based on listed prices in active markets and classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Debt Securities
N-Star CDO bonds—Fair value of N-Star CDO bonds are determined internally based on recent trades, if any with such securitizations, the Company's knowledge of the underlying collateral and are determined using an internal price interpolated based on third party prices of the senior N-Star CDO bonds of the respective CDOs. All N-Star CDO bonds are classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
CMBS of consolidated fund—Fair value is determined based on broker quotes or third party pricing services, classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivatives
Derivative instruments consist of interest rate contracts and foreign exchange contracts that are generally traded over-the-counter, and are valued using a third-party service provider, except for exchange traded futures contracts which are Level 1 fair values. Quotations on over-the-counter derivatives are not adjusted and are generally valued using observable inputs such as contractual cash flows, yield curve, foreign currency rates and credit spreads, and are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Although credit valuation adjustments, such as the risk of default, rely on

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Level 3 inputs, these inputs are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, derivative valuations in their entirety are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Other Liabilities—Contingent Consideration for THL Hotel Portfolio
In connection with the consensual foreclosure of the THL Hotel Portfolio (Note 3), contingent consideration is payable to the former preferred equity holder of the borrower in an amount up to $13.0 million. Fair value of the contingent consideration is measured using discounted cash flows based on the probability of the former preferred equity holder receiving such payment.
Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Quantitative information about recurring Level 3 fair value measurements, for which information about unobservable inputs is reasonably available to the Company, are as follows.
 
 
 
 
Valuation Technique
 
Key Unobservable Inputs
 
Input Value
 
Effect on Fair Value from Increase in Input Value (1)
Financial Instrument 
 
Fair Value
(In thousands)
 
 
 
Weighted Average
(Range)
 
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Level 3 Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity method investments—third party private equity funds
 
$
5,434

 
NAV(2)
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Equity method investments—other
 
18,685

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Discount rate
 
12.5%
(8.7% - 14.9%)
 
Decrease
Equity method investments—other
 
25,000

 
Multiple
 
Revenue multiple
 
4.6x
 
(3) 
Equity method investments—other
 
123,276

 
Transaction price(4)
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
N-Star CDO bonds
 
59,953

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Discount rate
 
21.8%
(16.6% - 26.3%)
 
Decrease
Level 3 Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities—contingent consideration for THL Hotel Portfolio
 
9,330

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Discount rate
 
20.0%
 
Decrease
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Level 3 Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity method investments—third party private equity funds
 
$
5,908

 
Transaction price and NAV(2)
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
Equity method investments—other
 
21,831

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Discount rate
 
17.5%
(9.1% - 18.4%)
 
Decrease
Equity method investments—other
 
25,000

 
Multiple
 
Revenue multiple
 
5.8x
 
(3) 
Equity method investments—other
 
28,346

 
Transaction price(4)
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
N-Star CDO bonds
 
64,127

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Discount rate
 
21.6%
(13.6% - 56.5%)
 
Decrease
Level 3 Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities—contingent consideration for THL Hotel Portfolio
 
8,903

 
Discounted cash flows
 
Discount rate
 
20.0%
 
Decrease
__________
(1) 
Represents the directional change in fair value that would result from an increase to the corresponding unobservable input. A decrease to the unobservable input would have the reverse effect. Significant increases or decreases in these inputs in isolation could result in significantly higher or lower fair value measures.
(2) 
Fair value was estimated based on underlying NAV of the respective funds on a quarter lag, adjusted as deemed appropriate by management.
(3) 
Fair value is affected by change in revenue multiple relative to change in rate of revenue growth.
(4) 
Valued based upon transaction price of investments recently acquired or offer prices on investments or underlying assets of investee pending sales. Transaction price approximates fair value for investee engaged in real estate development during the development stage.

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The following table presents changes in recurring Level 3 fair value measurements, including realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and accumulated other comprehensive income.
 
 
Level 3 Assets
 
Level 3 Liabilities
(In thousands)
 
Securitized Loans Receivable
 
Equity Method Investments
 
Securities
 
Debt—Securitized Bonds Payable
 
Due to Affiliates—Contingent Consideration for Internalization
 
Other Liabilities—Contingent Consideration for THL Hotel Portfolio
Fair value at December 31, 2017
 
$
45,423

 
$
363,901

 
$
323,243

 
$
(44,542
)
 
$
(20,650
)
 
$
(7,419
)
Purchases, contributions and accretion
 
—

 
61,099

 
17,907

 
—

 
—

 
—

Paydowns, distributions and sales
 
(638
)
 
(187,036
)
 
(135,575
)
 
638

 
—

 
—

Deconsolidation
 
(44,070
)
 
—

 
(124,344
)
 
43,847

 
—

 
—

Transfer out of liabilities to equity
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12,539

 
—

Transfers out of Level 3
 
—

 
(132,527
)
 
—

 
—

 
6,381

 
—

Contribution to Colony Credit
 
—

 
(26,134
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Realized and unrealized gains (losses) in earnings, net
 
(715
)
 
1,880

 
4,787

 
57

 
1,730

 
(1,084
)
Other comprehensive loss
 
—

 
—

 
(21,666
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Fair value at September 30, 2018
 
$
—

 
$
81,183

 
$
64,352

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(8,503
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) in earnings on instruments held at September 30, 2018
 
$
(715
)
 
$
(1,328
)
 
$
(3,147
)
 
$
57

 
$
1,730

 
$
(1,084
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value at December 31, 2018
 
$
—

 
$
81,085

 
$
64,127

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(8,903
)
Purchases, contributions and accretion
 
—

 
101,203

 
5,272

 
—

 
—

 
—

Paydowns, distributions and sales
 
—

 
(8,082
)
 
(8,727
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Realized and unrealized losses in earnings, net
 
—

 
(1,811
)
 
(7,083
)
 
—

 
—

 
(427
)
Other comprehensive income
 
—

 
—

 
6,364

 
—

 
—

 
—

Fair value at September 30, 2019
 
$
—

 
$
172,395

 
$
59,953


$
—

 
$
—


$
(9,330
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized losses in earnings on instruments held at September 30, 2019
 
$
—

 
$
(2,589
)
 
$
(7,083
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(427
)

Transfers of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
Transfers of assets and liabilities into or out of Level 3 are presented at their fair values as measured at the end of the reporting period. Assets transferred out of Level 3 represent investments in third party private equity funds that were valued based on their contracted sales price in June 2018 and sold in September 2018. Liabilities transferred out of Level 3 represent dividends earned on the final number of shares of class A common stock and OP Units determined as of June 30, 2018, the end of the measurement period of the contingent consideration associated with the Internalization, and which were paid out in August 2018.
Securitized Loans and Securitized Bonds Payable
Prior to May 2018, the Company had elected the fair value option for loans receivable and bonds payable issued by a securitization trust that was consolidated by a N-Star CDO. The N-Star CDO was in turn consolidated by the Company. In May 2018, the Company sold its interests in the N-Star CDO and deconsolidated the N-Star CDO along with the securitization trust consolidated by the N-Star CDO.
Prior to deconsolidation, the Company had adopted the measurement alternative to measure the fair value of the loans receivable held by the securitization trust using the fair value of the bonds payable issued by the securitization trust as the latter represented the more observable fair value. As such, the net gain or loss that was reflected in earnings was limited to changes in fair value of the beneficial interest held by the Company in the previously consolidated securitization trust, and not as a result of a remeasurement of the loans receivable and bonds payable held by third parties in the previously consolidated securitization trust. Fair value of the bonds payable issued by the securitization trust was determined based on broker quotes, which were generally derived from unobservable inputs, and therefore classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Correspondingly, the fair value of the loans receivable held by the securitization trust was also classified as Level 3.

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Due To Affiliates—Contingent Consideration for Internalization
In connection with the Company's acquisition of the investment management business and operations of its former manager in April 2015 (the "Internalization"), contingent consideration is payable to certain senior management personnel of the Company. The contingent consideration is payable in a combination of shares of class A common stock, shares of class B common stock and OP Units, measured based on multi-year performance targets for achievement of a contractually-defined funds from operations ("Benchmark FFO") per share target, as well as real estate and non-real estate capital-raising thresholds from the funds management business, to the extent these targets are met. If the minimum performance target for either of these metrics is not met or exceeded, a portion of the contingent consideration paid in respect of the other metric would not be paid out in full.
Prior to June 30, 2018, the contingent consideration had been remeasured at fair value using a third party valuation service provider and classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, with the change in fair value recorded in other gain (loss). Fair value of the contingent consideration was measured using a Monte Carlo probability simulation model for the Benchmark FFO component and a discounted payout analysis based on probabilities of achieving prescribed targets for the capital-raising component, adjusted for certain targets that had not been met and that had expired. The Company's class A common stock price and related equity volatilities were applied to convert the contingent consideration payout into shares.
At June 30, 2018, the end of the measurement period, the contingent consideration was settled with certain senior management personnel of the Company in a combination of approximately 15,000 shares of class A common stock, 40,000 shares of class B common stock and 1.95 million OP Units. At June 30, 2018, as the contingency was resolved and the number of shares and units to be issued was no longer variable, the payable of $12.5 million, valued based on the closing price of the Company's class A common stock on June 29, 2018, the last trading day of the second quarter, was reclassified out of liabilities into equity, while the associated dividends payable of approximately $6.4 million remained in liabilities. The contingent consideration and associated dividends were fully settled in August 2018.
Investments Carried at Fair Value Using Net Asset Value
Investments in a Company-sponsored private fund and a non-traded REIT, and limited partnership interest in a third party private fund are valued using NAV of the respective vehicles.
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(In thousands)
 
Fair Value
 
Unfunded Commitments
 
Fair Value
 
Unfunded Commitments
Private fund—real estate
 
$
15,815

 
$
11,058

 
$
12,617

 
$
13,658

Non-traded REIT—real estate
 
19,312

 
—

 
11,990

 
—

Private fund—emerging market private equity
 
2,731

 
—

 
—

 
—


The Company's interests in the private funds are not subject to redemption, with distributions to be received through liquidation of underlying investments of the funds. The private funds each have eight and ten year lives, respectively, at inception, both of which may be extended in one year increments up to two years.
No secondary market currently exists for shares of the non-traded REIT and the Company does not currently expect to seek liquidity of its shares of the non-traded REIT. Subject to then-existing market conditions, the board of directors of the non-traded REIT, along with the Company, as sponsor, expects to consider alternatives for providing liquidity to the non-traded REIT shares beginning five years from completion of the offering stage in January 2016, but with no definitive date by which it must do so. In addition, the Company has agreed that any right to have its shares redeemed is subordinated to third party stockholders for so long as its advisory agreement is in effect. 
Nonrecurring Fair Values
The Company measures fair value of certain assets on a nonrecurring basis when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Adjustments to fair value generally result from the application of lower of amortized cost or fair value accounting for assets held for sale or otherwise, write-down of asset values due to impairment.

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The following table summarizes assets carried at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, measured at the time of impairment.
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(In thousands)
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Real estate held for sale
 
$
129,327

 
$
312,978

 
$
442,305

 
$
68,864

 
$
200,281

 
$
269,145

Real estate held for investment
 
—

 
374,533

 
374,533

 
—

 
416,272

 
416,272

Intangible assets—lease intangibles
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
15,608

 
15,608

Intangible assets—investment management contracts
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
36,400

 
36,400

Equity method investments
 
—

 
750,649

 
750,649

 
—

 
32,761

 
32,761

The following table summarizes the fair value write-downs to assets carried at nonrecurring fair values during the periods presented.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Impairment loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate held for sale
 
$
50,855

 
$
5,894

 
$
119,036

 
$
21,204

Real estate held for investment
 
127,044

 
63,603

 
168,531

 
70,784

Intangible assets—investment management contracts
 
—

 
7,000

 
—

 
140,429

Intangible assets—trade name
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
59,464

Equity method loss
 
3,111

 
5,590

 
253,545

 
22,057

Impairment is discussed in Note 4 for loans receivable, Note 5 for equity method investments and Note 6 for investment management intangible assets, including goodwill.
Real Estate Held For Sale
Real estate held for sale is carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Real estate held for sale that was written down to fair value was generally valued using either broker opinions of value, or a combination of market information, including third-party appraisals and indicative sale prices, adjusted as deemed appropriate by management to account for the inherent risk associated with the properties. In all cases, fair value of real estate held for sale is reduced for estimated selling costs ranging from 2% to 3%.
Real Estate Held For Investment
Real estate held for investment that is impaired is carried at fair value at the time of impairment. Impairment was driven by various factors, including, but not limited to: change in expected holding period assumptions which resulted in a shortfall in the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the properties in comparison to their carrying values, decline in operating performance or physical damage to properties. Fair value of impaired real estate held for investment was estimated using one or a combination of: discounted cash flow analysis using a terminal capitalization rate of 8.5% and a discount rate of 8.9%, offer prices or broker opinions of value, or insurance estimates for properties previously damaged by hurricanes.
At December 31, 2018, real estate held for investment carried at fair value included $282.4 million of healthcare properties that were impaired in the fourth quarter of 2018, driven by shorter holding period assumptions. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company had reassessed the holding period on its healthcare properties, taking into consideration the Company's ability to refinance the related debt with upcoming maturities. The Company considered the possibility of shorter holding periods to be an indicator of impairment, among other factors. For properties for which indicators of impairment were identified, the Company compared their carrying values to the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by these properties over their holding periods, with terminal values estimated based on indicative capitalization rates, adjusted as appropriate for risk characteristics of each property. In performing this analysis, the Company considered the likelihood of possible outcomes under various holding period scenarios depending on its ability to refinance the related debt and applied a probability-weighted approach to different hold periods for each property. For properties where carrying value exceeded undiscounted future net cash flows, the carrying value was determined to not be recoverable. Fair values were estimated for these properties based upon the income capitalization approach, using net operating income for each property and applying capitalization rates ranging from 5.5% to 11%. Impairment was measured as the excess of carrying value over fair value, totaling $212.0 million. As the impairment assessment involved

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subjectivity and judgment, actual results may differ if changes occur in the assumptions used and/or in market conditions and accordingly, negative changes to these variables would result in further impairment charge in the future.
Fair Value Information on Financial Instruments Reported at Cost
Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments reported at amortized cost are presented below. The carrying values of cash, interest receivable, accounts receivable, due from and to affiliates, interest payable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short term nature and credit risk, if any, are negligible.
 
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
Carrying Value
(In thousands)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans at amortized cost
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,458,302

 
$
1,458,302

 
$
1,454,199

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt at amortized cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate credit facility
 
—

 
184,200

 
—

 
184,200

 
184,200

Convertible and exchangeable senior notes
 
592,220

 
13,095

 
—

 
605,315

 
613,570

Secured debt
 
—

 
—

 
7,713,671

 
7,713,671

 
7,667,709

Secured and unsecured debt related to assets held for sale
 
—

 
—

 
2,161,366

 
2,161,366

 
2,131,497

Junior subordinated debt
 
—

 
—

 
211,702

 
211,702

 
200,629

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans at amortized cost
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,667,892

 
$
1,667,892

 
$
1,659,217

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt at amortized cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Convertible and exchangeable senior notes
 
547,300

 
13,095

 
—

 
560,395

 
612,150

Secured debt
 
—

 
—

 
8,141,497

 
8,141,497

 
8,164,136

Secured debt related to assets held for sale
 
—

 
—

 
1,077,195

 
1,077,195

 
1,064,585

Junior subordinated debt
 
—

 
—

 
169,619

 
169,619

 
199,086


Loans Receivable—Loans receivable carried at amortized cost consist of first mortgages, subordinated mortgages and corporate loans. Fair values were determined by comparing the current yield to the estimated yield of newly originated loans with similar credit risk or the market yield at which a third party might expect to purchase such investment; or based on discounted cash flow projections of principal and interest expected to be collected, which includes consideration of the financial standing of the borrower or sponsor as well as operating results of the underlying collateral. Carrying values of loans held for investment carried at amortized cost are presented net of allowance for loan losses, where applicable.
Debt—Fair value of convertible notes was determined using the last trade price in active markets. Fair value of exchangeable notes was determined based on unadjusted quoted prices in a non-active market. Fair values of the corporate credit facility and secured and unsecured debt were estimated by discounting expected future cash outlays at interest rates currently available to the Company for instruments with similar terms and remaining maturities; and such fair values approximated carrying value for floating rate debt with credit spreads that approximate market rates. Fair value of junior subordinated debt was based on unadjusted quotations from a third party valuation firm, with such quotes derived using a combination of internal valuation models, comparable trades in non-active markets and other market data.
Other—The carrying values of cash, due from and to affiliates, other receivables and other payables approximate fair value due to their short term nature, and credit risk, if any, are negligible.
12. Variable Interest Entities
A VIE is an entity that lacks sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or whose equity holders lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. The following discusses the Company's involvement with VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIEs or where the Company is not the primary beneficiary and does not consolidate the VIEs.

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Operating Subsidiary
The Company's operating subsidiary, OP, is a limited liability company that has governing provisions that are the functional equivalent of a limited partnership. The Company holds the majority of membership interest in OP, acts as the managing member of OP and exercises full responsibility, discretion and control over the day-to-day management of OP. The noncontrolling interests in OP do not have substantive liquidation rights, substantive kick-out rights without cause, or substantive participating rights that could be exercised by a simple majority of noncontrolling interest members (including by such a member unilaterally). The absence of such rights, which represent voting rights in a limited partnership equivalent structure, would render OP to be a VIE. The Company, as managing member, has the power to direct the core activities of OP that most significantly affect OP's performance, and through its majority interest in OP, has both the right to receive benefits from and the obligation to absorb losses of OP. Accordingly, the Company is the primary beneficiary of OP and consolidates OP. As the Company conducts its business and holds its assets and liabilities through OP, the total assets and liabilities of OP represent substantially all of the total consolidated assets and liabilities of the Company.
Company-Sponsored Private Funds
The Company sponsors private funds and other investment vehicles as general partner for the purpose of providing investment management services in exchange for management fees and performance-based fees. These private funds are established as limited partnerships or equivalent structures. Limited partners of the private funds do not have either substantive liquidation rights, or substantive kick-out rights without cause, or substantive participating rights that could be exercised by a simple majority of limited partners or by a single limited partner. Accordingly, the absence of such rights, which represent voting rights in a limited partnership, results in the private funds being considered VIEs. The nature of the Company's involvement with its sponsored funds comprise fee arrangements and equity interests. The fee arrangements are commensurate with the level of management services provided by the Company, and contain terms and conditions that are customary to similar at-market fee arrangements.
Consolidated Company-Sponsored Private Fund—The Company currently consolidates a sponsored private fund in which it has more than an insignificant equity interest in the fund as general partner. As a result, the Company is considered to be acting in the capacity of a principal of the sponsored private fund and is therefore the primary beneficiary of the fund. The Company’s exposure is limited to the value of its outstanding investment in the consolidated private fund of $17.7 million at September 30, 2019 and $13.2 million at December 31, 2018. The Company, as general partner, is not obligated to provide any financial support to the consolidated private fund. The consolidated private fund had total assets of $23.8 million and total liabilities of $0.2 million at September 30, 2019, and total assets of $42.7 million and total liabilities of $20.1 million at December 31, 2018. Assets are made up primarily of marketable equity securities.
Unconsolidated Company-Sponsored Private Funds—The Company does not consolidate its sponsored private funds where it has insignificant direct equity interests or capital commitments to these funds as general partner. The Company may invest alongside certain of its sponsored private funds through joint ventures between the Company and these funds, or the Company may have capital commitments to its sponsored private funds that are satisfied directly through the co-investment joint ventures as an affiliate of the general partner. In these instances, the co-investment joint ventures are consolidated by the Company. As the Company's direct equity interests in its sponsored private funds as general partner absorb insignificant variability, the Company is considered to be acting in the capacity of an agent of these funds and is therefore not the primary beneficiary of these funds. The Company accounts for its equity interests in unconsolidated sponsored private funds under the equity method. The Company's maximum exposure to loss is limited to the carrying value of its investment in the unconsolidated sponsored private funds, totaling $180.4 million at September 30, 2019 and $117.3 million at December 31, 2018, included within equity and debt investments and assets held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets.
Securitizations
The Company previously securitized loans receivable and CRE debt securities using VIEs. Upon securitization, the Company had retained beneficial interests in the securitization vehicles, usually in the form of equity tranches or subordinate securities. The Company also acquired securities issued by securitization trusts that are VIEs. The securitization vehicles were structured as pass-through entities that receive principal and interest on the underlying mortgage loans and debt securities and distribute those payments to the holders of the notes, certificates or bonds issued by the securitization vehicles. The loans and debt securities were transferred into securitization vehicles such that these assets are restricted and legally isolated from the creditors of the Company, and therefore are not available to satisfy the Company's obligations but only the obligations of the securitization vehicles. The obligations of the securitization vehicles did not have any recourse to the general credit of the Company and its other subsidiaries.
Consolidated Securitizations—Prior to June 30, 2018, the Company consolidated securitization trusts for which it had a retained interest and for which it acted as special servicer or collateral manager or otherwise, its interest in the trust may

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have become the controlling class or directing holder. The Company's role as special servicer, collateral manager or as controlling class or directing holder provided the Company with the ability to direct activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the securitization vehicles, and together with the interests previously retained by the Company in the securitization vehicles, the Company was deemed to be the primary beneficiary and consolidated these securitization vehicles.
As of June 30, 2018, the Company no longer has any consolidated securitization trusts. The Company contributed its interests in three consolidated securitization trusts to Colony Credit upon closing of the Combination and sold its interests in two consolidated securitization trusts to third parties in the second quarter of 2018, resulting in a deconsolidation of these securitization trusts. The Company has retained its role as special servicer or as collateral manager in these securitization trusts. However, the Company may be removed as special servicer by the controlling class interest holders and may be removed as collateral manager through a right of removal provided to the buyer. Additionally, as of June 30, 2018, the underlying assets of the Company's remaining consolidated securitization trust was liquidated.
Unconsolidated Securitizations—The Company does not consolidate the assets and liabilities of CDOs in which the Company has an interest but does not retain the collateral management function. NRF had previously delegated the collateral management rights for certain sponsored N-Star CDOs and third party-sponsored CDOs to a third party collateral manager or collateral manager delegate who is entitled to a percentage of the senior and subordinate collateral management fees. The Company continues to receive fees as named collateral manager or collateral manager delegate and retained administrative responsibilities. The Company determined that the fees paid to the third party collateral manager or collateral manager delegate represent a variable interest in the CDOs and that the third party is acting as a principal. The Company concluded that it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these CDOs, which include but are not limited to, the ability to sell distressed collateral, and therefore the Company is not the primary beneficiary of such CDOs and does not consolidate these CDOs. The Company’s exposure to loss is limited to its investment in these unconsolidated CDOs, comprising CDO bonds, which aggregate to $56.8 million at September 30, 2019 and $67.5 million at December 31, 2018.
Trusts
The Company, through the Merger, acquired the Trusts, wholly-owned subsidiaries of NRF formed as statutory trusts. The Trusts issued preferred securities in private placement offerings, and used the proceeds to purchase junior subordinated notes to evidence loans made to NRF (Note 9). The Company owns all of the common stock of the Trusts but does not consolidate the Trusts as the holders of the preferred securities issued by the Trusts are the primary beneficiaries of the Trusts. The Company accounts for its interest in the Trusts under the equity method and its maximum exposure to loss is limited to its investment carrying value of $3.7 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, recorded in investments in unconsolidated ventures on the consolidated balance sheet. The junior subordinated notes are recorded as debt on the consolidated balance sheet.

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13. Stockholders’ Equity
The table below summarizes the share activities of the Company's preferred and common stock.
 
 
Number of Shares
(In thousands)
 
Preferred Stock
 
Class A Common Stock
 
Class B Common Stock
Shares outstanding at December 31, 2017
 
65,464

 
542,599

 
736

Redemption of preferred stock
 
(8,000
)
 
—

 
—

Shares issued upon redemption of OP Units
 
—

 
2,064

 
—

Shares issued for settlement of contingent consideration—Internalization
 
—

 
15

 
40

Conversion of class B to class A common stock
 
—

 
42

 
(42
)
Repurchase of common stock
 
—

 
(54,813
)
 
—

Equity-based compensation, net of forfeitures
 
—

 
3,362

 
—

Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards
 
—

 
(2,950
)
 
—

Shares outstanding at September 30, 2018
 
57,464

 
490,319

 
734

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares outstanding at December 31, 2018
 
57,464

 
483,347

 
734

Shares issued upon redemption of OP Units
 
—

 
188

 
—

Repurchase of common stock
 
—

 
(652
)
 
—

Equity-based compensation, net of forfeitures
 
—

 
4,786

 
—

Shares canceled for tax withholding on vested stock awards
 
—

 
(651
)
 
—

Shares outstanding at September 30, 2019
 
57,464

 
487,018

 
734


Preferred Stock
In the event of a liquidation or dissolution of the Company, preferred stockholders have priority over common stockholders for payment of dividends and distribution of net assets.
The table below summarizes the preferred stock issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019:
Description
 
Dividend Rate Per Annum
 
Initial Issuance Date
 
Shares Outstanding
(in thousands)
 
Par Value
(in thousands)
 
Liquidation Preference
(in thousands)
 
Earliest Redemption Date
Series B
 
8.25
%
 
February 2007
 
6,114

 
$
61

 
$
152,855

 
Currently redeemable
Series E
 
8.75
%
 
May 2014
 
10,000

 
100

 
250,000

 
Currently redeemable
Series G
 
7.5
%
 
June 2014
 
3,450

 
35

 
86,250

 
Currently redeemable
Series H
 
7.125
%
 
April 2015
 
11,500

 
115

 
287,500

 
April 13, 2020
Series I
 
7.15
%
 
June 2017
 
13,800

 
138

 
345,000

 
June 5, 2022
Series J
 
7.125
%
 
September 2017
 
12,600

 
126

 
315,000

 
September 22, 2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
57,464

 
$
575

 
$
1,436,605

 
 

All series of preferred stock are at parity with respect to dividends and distributions, including distributions upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. Dividends on each series of preferred stock of the Company are payable quarterly in arrears, in the case of the Series B and E preferred stock, in February, May, August and November, and in the case of Series G, H, I and J preferred stock, in January, April, July and October.
Each series of preferred stock is redeemable on or after the earliest redemption date for that series at $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) exclusively at the Company’s option. The redemption period for each series of preferred stock is subject to the Company’s right under limited circumstances to redeem the preferred stock earlier in order to preserve its qualification as a REIT or upon the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the articles supplementary relating to each series of preferred stock).
Preferred stock generally does not have any voting rights, except if the Company fails to pay the preferred dividends for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive). Under such circumstances, the preferred stock will be entitled to vote, together as a single class with any other series of parity stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable, to elect two additional directors to the Company’s board of directors, until all unpaid dividends have been paid or declared and set aside for payment. In addition, certain changes to the terms of any series of preferred stock cannot be made without the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of each such series of preferred stock voting separately as a class for each series of preferred stock.

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Redemption of Preferred Stock
In May 2018, the Company redeemed all of its outstanding Series D preferred stock, with settlement in July 2018. The preferred stock redemption was at $25.00 per share liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends prorated to the redemption date. The deficit of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference over the carrying value of the preferred stock redeemed resulted in an increase to net income attributable to common stockholders.
Common Stock
Except with respect to voting rights, class A common stock and class B common stock have the same rights and privileges and rank equally, share ratably in dividends and distributions, and are identical in all respects as to all matters. Class A common stock has one vote per share and class B common stock has thirty-six and one-half votes per share. This gives the holders of class B common stock a right to vote that reflects the aggregate outstanding non-voting economic interest in the Company (in the form of OP Units) attributable to class B common stock holders and therefore, does not provide any disproportionate voting rights. Class B common stock was issued as consideration in the Company's acquisition in April 2015 of the investment management business and operations of its former manager, which was previously controlled by the Company's Chief Executive Officer. Each share of class B common stock shall convert automatically into one share of class A common stock if the Chief Executive Officer or his beneficiaries directly or indirectly transfer beneficial ownership of class B common stock or OP Units held by them, other than to certain qualified transferees, which generally includes affiliates and employees. In addition, each holder of class B common stock has the right, at the holder’s option, to convert all or a portion of such holder’s class B common stock into an equal number of shares of class A common stock.
Common Stock Repurchases
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 652,311 shares of its class A common stock, at an aggregate cost of approximately $3.2 million (excluding commissions), or a weighted average price of $4.84 per share pursuant to a $300 million share repurchase program authorized by its board of directors in May 2018, and extended in May 2019 for an additional one year term.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company repurchased 61,417,755 shares of its class A common stock, at an aggregate cost of approximately $350.1 million (excluding commissions), or a weighted average price of $5.70 per share. These repurchases were made pursuant to the Company's share repurchase programs authorized in February 2018 and in May 2018 of $300 million each.
Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan
The Company's Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan (the “DRIP Plan”) provides existing common stockholders and other investors the opportunity to purchase shares (or additional shares, as applicable) of the Company's class A common stock by reinvesting some or all of the cash dividends received on their shares of the Company's class A common stock or making optional cash purchases within specified parameters. The DRIP Plan involves the acquisition of the Company's class A common stock either in the open market, directly from the Company as newly issued common stock, or in privately negotiated transactions with third parties. There were no shares of class A common stock acquired under the DRIP Plan in the form of new issuances during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and during the year ended December 31, 2018.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables present the changes in each component of AOCI attributable to stockholders and noncontrolling interests in investment entities, net of immaterial tax effect. AOCI attributable to noncontrolling interests in Operating Company is immaterial.

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Changes in Components of AOCI—Stockholders
(In thousands)
 
Company's Share in AOCI of Equity Method Investments
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Net Investment Hedges
 
Total
AOCI at December 31, 2017
 
$
5,616

 
$
14,418

 
$
—

 
$
45,931

 
$
(18,649
)
 
$
47,316

Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting pronouncements
 
(202
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(202
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(275
)
 
(15,386
)
 
—

 
(30,415
)
 
19,078

 
(26,998
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
—

 
(4,806
)
 
—

 
8,715

 
(8,889
)
 
(4,980
)
Deconsolidation of N-Star CDO
 
—

 
2,596

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,596

AOCI at September 30, 2018
 
$
5,139

 
$
(3,178
)
 
$
—

 
$
24,231

 
$
(8,460
)
 
$
17,732

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AOCI at December 31, 2018
 
$
3,629

 
$
(3,175
)
 
$
(91
)
 
$
6,618

 
$
7,018

 
$
13,999

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
9,425

 
(606
)
 
(2,670
)
 
(36,511
)
 
37,071

 
6,709

Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
(3,554
)
 
6,479

 
—

 
(1,128
)
 
(1,617
)
 
180

AOCI at September 30, 2019
 
$
9,500

 
$
2,698

 
$
(2,761
)
 
$
(31,021
)
 
$
42,472

 
$
20,888


Changes in Components of AOCI—Noncontrolling Interests in Investment Entities
(In thousands)
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges
 
Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss)
 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Net Investment Hedges
 
Total
AOCI at December 31, 2017
 
$
—

 
$
38,948

 
$
3,127

 
$
42,075

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
—

 
(21,285
)
 
5,172

 
(16,113
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
—

 
2,615

 
(1,126
)
 
1,489

AOCI at September 30, 2018
 
$
—

 
$
20,278

 
$
7,173

 
$
27,451

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AOCI at December 31, 2018
 
$
(390
)
 
$
(600
)
 
$
9,644

 
$
8,654

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(6,190
)
 
(57,492
)
 
4,543

 
(59,139
)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
 
—

 
(465
)
 
(653
)
 
(1,118
)
AOCI at September 30, 2019
 
$
(6,580
)
 
$
(58,557
)
 
$
13,534

 
$
(51,603
)

Reclassifications out of AOCI—Stockholders
Information about amounts reclassified out of AOCI attributable to stockholders by component is presented below:
(In thousands)
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Affected Line Item in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Component of AOCI reclassified into earnings
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
Realized gain on marketable securities
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
10,100

 
Other gain (loss), net
Other-than-temporary impairment and write-offs of securities
 
(5,853
)
 
—

 
(6,479
)
 
(5,294
)
 
Other gain (loss), net
Deconsolidation of N-Star CDO
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,596
)

Other gain (loss), net
Release of cumulative translation adjustments
 
—

 
(4,557
)
 
1,128

 
(8,715
)
 
Other gain (loss), net
Unrealized gain on dedesignated net investment hedges
 
608

 
271

 
654

 
855

 
Other gain (loss), net
Realized gain on net investment hedges
 
—

 
5,831

 
963

 
8,034

 
Other gain (loss), net
Release of equity in AOCI of unconsolidated ventures
 
3,554

 
—

 
3,554

 
—

 
Equity method earnings (losses)

  

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14. Noncontrolling Interests
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
The following table presents the activity in redeemable noncontrolling interests in a consolidated open-end fund sponsored by the Company.
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
Beginning balance
 
$
9,385

 
$
34,144

Contributions
 
—

 
305

Distributions and redemptions
 
(5,715
)
 
(2,102
)
Net income
 
2,317

 
2,042

Ending balance
 
$
5,987

 
$
34,389


Noncontrolling Interests in Investment Entities
These are interests in consolidated investment entities held by private investment funds managed by the Company, or by third party joint venture partners.
The Company's investment in the real estate portfolio of its industrial segment is made alongside third party limited partners through a joint venture consolidated by the Company. Over time, capital contributions or redemptions from limited partners changes the Company's ownership interest in the joint venture. Limited partners are admitted or redeemed at the net asset value of the joint venture, based upon valuations determined by independent third parties, at the time of their contributions or redemptions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the difference between contributions or redemptions and the respective limited partners' share of the joint venture resulted in a net increase to additional paid-in capital of $12.4 million and $28.8 million, respectively.
Noncontrolling Interests in Operating Company
Certain current and past employees of the Company directly or indirectly own interests in OP, presented as noncontrolling interests in the Operating Company. Noncontrolling interests in OP have the right to require OP to redeem part or all of such member’s OP Units for cash based on the market value of an equivalent number of shares of class A common stock at the time of redemption, or at the Company's election as managing member of OP, through issuance of shares of class A common stock (registered or unregistered) on a one-for-one basis. At the end of each period, noncontrolling interests in OP is adjusted to reflect their ownership percentage in OP at the end of the period, through a reallocation between controlling and noncontrolling interests in OP.
In July 2019, the Company issued 21,478,515 OP Units as part of the consideration for the acquisition of DBH, valued at $111.9 million based upon the closing price of the Company's class A common stock on July 24, 2019 (Note 2). For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company redeemed 187,995 OP Units with the issuance of an equal number of shares of class A common stock on a one-for-one basis.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company redeemed 2,870,422 OP Units, of which 2,074,457 OP Units were redeemed in exchange for an equal number of shares of class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, and 795,965 OP Units were redeemed in exchange for cash of $4.8 million to satisfy tax obligations of OP unitholders. The redemptions included 1.0 million OP units issued for settlement of the contingent consideration in connection with the Internalization (Note 11).
15. Discontinued Operations
All of discontinued operations for 2019 and most of discontinued operations for 2018 represent the results of operations of (i) the industrial segment which includes direct compensation and administrative expenses of the industrial business, and (ii) associated fee income, equity method earnings from the Company's general partner interest in the industrial open-end fund, predominantly carried interest, and compensation related to carried interest sharing, which are reported under the investment management segment.
The first six months of 2018 also included loss from discontinued operations of $0.2 million related to certain properties in the THL Hotel Portfolio acquired in July 2017 that qualified as held for sale at the time of foreclosure. Such properties were fully disposed of in the second quarter of 2018.

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Income from discontinued operations is presented below.

Three Months Ended September 30,

Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
2019

2018

2019

2018
Revenues







Property operating income
$
97,188


$
73,036


$
270,161


$
213,544

Fee income
3,400


2,140


8,849


5,088

Interest and other income
1,454


866


3,822


2,774

Revenues from discontinued operations
102,042

 
76,042

 
282,832

 
221,406

Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating expense
26,051


21,409


74,058


63,862

Interest expense
21,130


10,872


55,482


31,918

Investment and servicing expense
54


41


592


304

Depreciation and amortization
12,342


33,503


97,147


95,930

Impairment loss
—


774


—


948

Compensation expense—cash and equity-based (1)
3,914


2,257


10,253


7,284

Compensation expense—carried interest (2)
17,796


1,933


18,136


3,852

Administrative expenses
960


857


3,976


3,248

Expenses from discontinued operations
82,247

 
71,646

 
259,644

 
207,346

Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain from sale of real estate
4,675


2,104


28,070


4,397

Other loss, net
(12
)
 
—

 
(69
)
 
—

Equity method earnings, including carried interest (2)
35,765


4,930


35,121


9,763

Income from discontinued operations before income taxes
60,223


11,430


86,310


28,220

Income tax benefit (expense)
127


(188
)

(171
)

(120
)
Income from discontinued operations
60,350


11,242


86,139


28,100

Income from discontinued operations attributable to:







Noncontrolling interests in investment entities
27,728


5,232


45,711


13,960

Noncontrolling interests in Operating Company
2,870


371


3,344


847

Income from discontinued operations attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
$
29,752


$
5,639


$
37,084


$
13,293

__________
(1) 
Includes equity-based compensation of $0.7 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $2.1 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
(2) 
Increase in carried interest included in equity method earnings and related carried interest sharing compensation in the third quarter of 2019 was due to a significant increase in the net asset value of the fund that reflects the expected sales proceeds pursuant to definitive sale agreements for the industrial business.


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16. Earnings per Share
The following table provides the basic and diluted earnings per common share computations:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net loss allocated to common stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss from continuing operations
 
$
(626,192
)
 
$
(28,656
)
 
$
(1,166,782
)
 
$
(115,580
)
(Income) loss from continuing operations attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
68,624

 
(19,773
)
 
85,154

 
(47,243
)
Loss from continuing operations attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(557,568
)
 
(48,429
)
 
(1,081,628
)
 
(162,823
)
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
29,752

 
5,639

 
37,084

 
13,293

Net loss attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(527,816
)
 
(42,790
)
 
(1,044,544
)
 
(149,530
)
Preferred stock redemption
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,995

Preferred dividends
 
(27,137
)
 
(27,185
)
 
(81,412
)
 
(89,960
)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
 
(554,953
)
 
(69,975
)
 
(1,125,956
)
 
(235,495
)
Net income allocated to participating securities
 
(948
)
 
(639
)
 
(2,621
)
 
(1,911
)
Net loss allocated to common stockholders—basic
 
(555,901
)
 
(70,614
)
 
(1,128,577
)
 
(237,406
)
Interest expense attributable to convertible notes (1)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net loss allocated to common stockholders—diluted
 
$
(555,901
)
 
$
(70,614
)
 
$
(1,128,577
)
 
$
(237,406
)
Weighted average common shares outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding—basic
 
479,776

 
484,754

 
479,412

 
501,202

Weighted average effect of dilutive shares (1)(2)(3)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding—diluted
 
479,776

 
484,754

 
479,412

 
501,202

Basic loss per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss from continuing operations
 
$
(1.22
)

$
(0.16
)
 
$
(2.43
)
 
$
(0.50
)
Income from discontinued operations
 
0.06

 
0.01

 
0.08

 
0.03

Net loss attributable to common stockholders per basic common share
 
$
(1.16
)
 
$
(0.15
)
 
$
(2.35
)
 
$
(0.47
)
Diluted loss per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss from continuing operations
 
$
(1.22
)
 
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(2.43
)
 
$
(0.50
)
Income from discontinued operations
 
0.06

 
0.01

 
0.08

 
0.03

Net loss attributable to common stockholders per diluted common share
 
$
(1.16
)
 
$
(0.15
)
 
$
(2.35
)
 
$
(0.47
)
__________
(1) 
For both the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share is the effect of adding back $7.1 million of interest expense and 38,112,100 weighted average diluted common share equivalents for the assumed conversion or exchange of the Company's outstanding convertible and exchangeable notes, as applicable, as their inclusion would be antidilutive. For both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share is the effect of adding back $21.2 million of interest expense and 38,112,100 weighted average dilutive common share equivalents for the assumed conversion or exchange of the Company's outstanding convertible and exchangeable notes, as applicable, as their inclusion would be antidilutive.
(2) 
The calculation of diluted earnings per share excludes the effect of weighted average unvested non-participating restricted shares of 67,300 and 573,100 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 99,100 and 613,600 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as the effect would be antidilutive. The calculation of diluted earnings per share also excludes the effect of weighted average shares of class A common stock that are contingently issuable in relation to PSUs (Note 18) of 2,451,400 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 1,320,900 and 712,500 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(3) 
OP Units, subject to lock-up agreements, may be redeemed for registered or unregistered class A common shares on a one-for-one basis. At September 30, 2019 and 2018, there were 52,649,000 and 31,369,100 redeemable OP Units, respectively. These OP Units would not be dilutive and were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for all periods presented.
17. Fee Income
The Company's real estate investment management platform manages capital on behalf of institutional and retail investors in private funds, and traded and non-traded REITs, for which the Company earns fee income. For investment vehicles in which the Company co-sponsors with a third party or for which the Company engages a third party sub-advisor, such fee income is shared with the respective co-sponsor or sub-advisor.

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Fee income for all periods presented excludes management fees from the Company's open-end industrial fund which is classified as held for sale. Such fees are included in income from discontinued operations (Note 15).
The Company's fee income is earned from the following sources.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Institutional funds and other investment vehicles
 
$
26,612

 
$
10,805

 
$
50,283

 
$
38,169

Public companies (Colony Credit, NRE)
 
79,633

 
15,708

 
109,777

 
44,099

Non-traded REITs
 
4,994

 
6,143

 
15,089

 
23,846

Other
 
615

 
259

 
3,166

 
619

 
 
$
111,854

 
$
32,915

 
$
178,315

 
$
106,733

The following table presents the Company's fee income by type:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Base management fees ($45,572, $32,004, $108,192 and $98,539 from affiliates, respectively)
 
$
45,763

 
$
32,270

 
$
108,739

 
$
99,248

Asset management fees ($539, $588, $1,775 and $2,023 from affiliates, respectively)
 
819

 
588

 
2,684

 
2,023

Acquisition and disposition fees—from affiliates
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,922

Incentive and termination fees—from affiliates
 
64,555

 
—

 
64,555

 
—

Other fee income ($693, $0, $955 and $3,389 from affiliates, respectively)
 
717

 
57

 
2,337

 
3,540

Total fee income
 
$
111,854

 
$
32,915

 
$
178,315

 
$
106,733


Base Management Fees—The Company earns base management fees for the day-to-day operations and administration of its managed private funds and traded and non-traded REITs, calculated as follows:
•
Private Funds and similar investment vehicles—generally (a) 1% per annum of limited partners' net funded capital, or (b) 0.9% to 1.75% per annum of investors' committed capital during commitment or investment period and thereafter, of contributed or invested capital;
•
Colony Credit—1.5% per annum of Colony Credit's stockholders' equity (as defined in its management agreement). In November 2019, the management agreement with Colony Credit was amended and restated to reduce the fee base to reflect Colony Credit's reduced book value, which will result in a decrease in management fees to the Company effective in the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2019;
•
Non-Traded REITs—1.5% per annum of most recently published net asset value (as may be subsequently adjusted for any special distribution) for NorthStar Healthcare, and prior to closing of the Combination on January 31, 2018, 1% to 1.25% per annum of gross assets for NorthStar I and NorthStar II. $2.5 million per quarter of base management fee for NorthStar Healthcare is paid in shares of NorthStar Healthcare common stock at a price per share equal to its most recently published NAV per share (as may be subsequently adjusted for any special distribution); and
•
NRE—prior to termination of the NRE management contract in connection with the sale of NRE on September 30, 2019 , a variable fee of 1.5% per annum of NRE's reported European Public Real Estate Association Net Asset Value ("EPRA NAV" as defined in its management agreement) for EPRA NAV up to and including $2.0 billion, and 1.25% per annum for EPRA NAV amounts exceeding $2.0 billion.
Asset Management Fees—The Company earns asset management fees from its managed private funds, which represents a one-time fee upon closing of each investment, calculated as a fixed percentage, generally 0.5% of the limited partners' net funded capital on each investment.
Acquisition and Disposition Fees—Prior to closing of the Combination on January 31, 2018, the Company earned from NorthStar I and NorthStar II an acquisition fee of 1% of the amount funded or allocated to originate or acquire an investment, and a disposition fee of 1% to 2% of the contractual sales price for disposition of an investment.

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Incentive and Termination Fees—The Company may earn incentive fees from NRE (prior to termination of the NRE management contract) and Colony Credit, determined based on the performance of the investment vehicles subject to the achievement of minimum return hurdles in accordance with the terms set out in their respective governing agreements. A portion of the incentive fees earned by the Company (generally 40% to 50%) is allocable to senior management, investment professionals and certain other employees of the Company, included in carried interest and incentive fee compensation expense.
Termination of the NRE management contract in September 2019 resulted in payment and recognition of a termination fee to the Company of $64.6 million, of which $21.5 million represents incentive fees earned for fiscal year 2019 through the date of termination.
Other Fee Income—Other fees include service fees for information technology and operational support services and facilities to portfolio companies, advisory fees, and licensing fees related to the Colony Capital Fundamental U.S. Real Estate Index, a rules-based strategy that invests in common stock of REITs. Prior to May 2018, other fees also included selling commission and dealer manager fees through a broker-dealer platform for selling equity in certain classes of shares in the retail companies. In April 2018, the Company combined its broker-dealer platform with a third party to form a joint venture to distribute future investment products. The Company's share of losses from the joint venture is reflected in equity method earnings (losses).
18. Equity-Based Compensation
The Colony Capital, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (the "Equity Incentive Plan") provides for the grant of restricted stock, performance stock units ("PSUs"), Long Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP") units, RSUs, deferred stock units ("DSUs"), options, warrants or rights to purchase shares of the Company's common stock, cash incentives and other equity-based awards to the Company's officers, directors (including non-employee directors), employees, co-employees, consultants or advisors of the Company or of any parent or subsidiary who provides services to the Company. Shares reserved for the issuance of awards under the Equity Incentive Plan are subject to equitable adjustment upon the occurrence of certain corporate events, provided that this number automatically increases each January 1st by 2% of the outstanding number of shares of the Company’s class A common stock on the immediately preceding December 31st. At September 30, 2019, an aggregate 54.4 million shares of the Company's class A common stock were reserved for the issuance of awards under the Equity Incentive Plan.
Restricted Stock—Restricted stock awards relating to the Company's class A common stock are granted to senior executives, directors and certain employees, with a service condition only and are generally subject to annual time-based vesting in equal tranches over a three-year period. Restricted stock is entitled to dividends declared and paid on the Company's class A common stock and such dividends are not forfeitable prior to vesting of the award. Restricted stock awards are valued based on the Company's class A common stock price on grant date and equity-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite three-year service period.
Performance Stock Units ("PSUs")—PSUs are granted to senior executives and certain employees, and are subject to both a service condition and market condition. Following the end of the measurement period for the PSUs, the recipients of PSUs who remain employed will vest in, and be issued a number of shares of the Company's class A common stock, ranging from 0% to 200% of the number of PSUs granted, to be determined based upon the performance of the Company's class A common stock either relative to that of a specified peer group or against a target stock price over a three-year measurement period (such measurement metric the "total shareholder return"). In addition, recipients of PSUs whose employment is terminated after the first anniversary of the PSU grant are eligible to vest in a portion of the PSU award following the end of the measurement period based on achievement of the total shareholder return metric otherwise applicable to the award. PSUs also contain dividend equivalent rights which entitle the recipients to a payment equal to the amount of dividends that would have been paid on the shares that are ultimately issued at the end of the measurement period. In February 2019, the PSUs issued in 2018 were modified to, among other things, reduce the potential maximum number of shares of the Company’s class A common stock to be issued upon final vesting from 200% to 125% of the number of PSUs granted. The incremental value resulting from the modification was immaterial.

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Fair value of PSUs, including dividend equivalent rights, was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation under a risk-neutral premise, with the following assumptions:
 
2019 PSU Grants
 
2018 PSU Grant (4)
Expected volatility of the Company's class A common stock (1)
26.2%
 
29.0%
Expected annual dividend yield (2)
8.5% - 8.7%
 
7.3%
Risk-free rate (per annum) (3)
2.2% - 2.4%
 
2.1%
__________
(1) 
Based upon historical volatility of the Company's stock, and where applicable, a combination of historical volatility and implied volatility on actively traded stock options of a specified peer group.
(2) 
Based upon a combination of historical dividend yields and the current annualized dividends.
(3) 
Based upon the continuously compounded zero-coupon US Treasury yield for the term coinciding with the remaining measurement period of the award as of valuation date.
(4) 
Reflects assumptions applied in valuing the award upon modification in February 2019.
Fair value of PSU awards, excluding dividend equivalent rights, is recognized on a straight-line basis over their measurement period as compensation expense, and is not subject to reversal even if the market condition is not achieved. The dividend equivalent right is accounted for as a liability-classified award. The fair value of the dividend equivalent right is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the measurement period, and is subject to adjustment to fair value at each reporting period.
LTIP Units—LTIP units are units in the Operating Company that are designated as profits interests for federal income tax purposes. Unvested LTIP units do not accrue distributions. Each vested LTIP unit is convertible, at the election of the holder (subject to capital account limitation), into one common OP Unit and upon conversion, subject to the redemption terms of OP Units (Note 14).
LTIP units issued to certain employees have a service condition only, and are valued based upon the Company's class A common stock price on grant date.
In connection with the acquisition of DBH in July 2019, the Company granted 10 million LTIP units to Marc C. Ganzi, co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of DBH, subject to both a service condition and a market condition. The LTIP units will vest based upon achievement of the Company's class A common stock price closing at or above $10.00 over any 90 consecutive trading days prior to the fifth anniversary of the grant date, subject to Mr. Ganzi's continuous employment to the time of such vesting. Fair value of these LTIP units was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation under a risk-neutral premise, with the following assumptions:
 
 
Ganzi LTIP Grant
Expected volatility of the Company's class A common stock (1)
 
28.3%
Expected dividend yield (2)
 
8.1%
Risk-free rate (per annum) (3)
 
1.8%
__________
(1) 
Based upon historical volatility of the Company's stock and those of a specified peer group.
(2) 
Based upon the Company's most recently issued dividend prior to grant date and closing price of the Company's class A common stock on grant date.
(3) 
Based upon the continuously compounded zero-coupon US Treasury yield for the term coinciding with the measurement period of the award as of valuation date.
Equity-based compensation cost on LTIP units is recognized on a straight-line basis over either the service period for awards with a service condition only, or over the derived service period for awards with both a service condition and a market condition. The derived service period is a service period that is inferred from the application of the simulation technique used in the valuation of the award, and represents the median of the terms in the simulation in which the market condition is satisfied.
Deferred Stock Units—Certain non-employee directors may elect to defer the receipt of annual base fees and/or restricted stock awards, and in lieu, receive awards of DSUs. DSUs awarded in lieu of annual base fees are fully vested on their grant date, while DSUs awarded in lieu of restricted stock awards vest one year from their grant date. DSUs are entitled to a dividend equivalent, in the form of additional DSUs based on dividends declared and paid on the Company's class A common stock. Any such additional DSUs will also be credited with additional DSUs as cash dividends are paid, subject to the same restrictions and vesting conditions, if any. Upon separation of service from the Company, vested DSUs are to be settled in shares of the Company’s class A common stock. Fair value of DSUs are determined based on

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the price of the Company's class A common stock on grant date and recognized immediately if fully vested upon grant, or on a straight-line basis over the vesting period as equity based compensation expense and equity.
Equity-based compensation expense, excluding amounts related to the industrial segment which is presented as discontinued operations (Note 15), is as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Compensation expense (including $345, $173, $777 and $376 amortization of fair value of dividend equivalent rights)
 
$
9,425

 
$
7,579

 
$
22,916

 
$
28,008


Changes in the Company’s unvested equity awards are summarized below:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
 
Restricted Stock
 
LTIP Units
 
DSUs
 
PSUs (1)
 
Total
 
PSUs
 
All Other Awards
Unvested shares and units at December 31, 2018
 
5,422,090

 
—

 
183,134

 
2,043,949

 
7,649,173

 
$
5.09

 
$
9.39

Granted
 
5,034,378

 
10,000,000

 
352,360

 
3,760,864

 
19,147,602

 
2.92

 
2.29

Vested
 
(1,847,311
)
 
—

 
(274,966
)
 
—

 
(2,122,277
)
 
—

 
10.51

Forfeited
 
(248,826
)
 
—

 
—

 
(46,888
)
 
(295,714
)
 
4.52

 
6.30

Unvested shares and units at September 30, 2019
 
8,360,331

 
10,000,000

 
260,528

 
5,757,925

 
24,378,784

 
$
3.68

 
$
3.43

__________
(1) 
Represents the number of PSUs granted, which does not reflect potential increases or decreases that could result from the final outcome of the total shareholder return measured at the end of the performance period.
Fair value of equity awards that vested, determined based on their respective fair values at vesting date, was $1.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $11.0 million and $106.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
At September 30, 2019, aggregate unrecognized compensation cost for all unvested equity awards was $55.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.2 years.
Awards Granted by Managed Companies
Colony Credit and NRE, both managed by the Company prior to the sale of NRE, issued restricted stock and performance stock units to the Company and certain of the Company's employees (collectively, "managed company awards"). Colony Credit awards are primarily restricted stock grants that typically vest over a three-year period, subject to service conditions. NRE awards generally had similar terms as the Company's stock awards, except that the NRE performance stock units measured NRE's stock performance against either an absolute total shareholder return threshold or relative to the performance of a specified market index. Employees were entitled to receive shares of NRE common stock if service conditions and/or market conditions were met. Generally, the Company then grants the managed company awards that it receives in its capacity as manager to its employees with substantially the same terms and service requirements. Such grants are made at the discretion of the Company, and the Company may consult with the board of directors or compensation committees of the respective managed companies as to final allocation of awards to its employees.
Managed company awards granted to the Company, pending grant by the Company to its employees, are recognized based upon their fair value at grant date as an equity investment and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The deferred revenue liability is amortized into other income as the awards vest to the Company.
Managed company awards granted to employees, directly by NRE or Colony Credit, or through the Company, are recorded as other asset and other liability, and amortized on a straight-line basis as equity-based compensation expense and as other income, respectively, as the awards vest to the employees. The other asset and other liability associated with managed company awards granted to employees are subject to adjustment to fair value at each reporting period, with changes reflected in equity-based compensation and other income, respectively.
Equity-based compensation expense recognized related to managed company awards was $24.3 million and $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $30.6 million and $7.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which included acceleration of all outstanding NRE awards and certain Colony Credit awards upon the sale of NRE in September 2019. A corresponding amount is recognized in other income for managed company awards granted to employees (Note 19). At September 30, 2019,

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aggregate unrecognized compensation cost for unvested managed company awards was $15.2 million, pertaining only to Colony Credit, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.
19. Transactions with Affiliates
Affiliates include (i) private funds, traded and non-traded REITs and investment companies that the Company manages or sponsors, and in which the Company may have an equity interest or co-invests with; (ii) the Company's investments in unconsolidated ventures; and (iii) directors, senior executives and employees of the Company (collectively, "employees").
Amounts due from and due to affiliates consist of the following:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Due from Affiliates
 
 
 
 
Investment vehicles, portfolio companies and unconsolidated ventures
 
 
 
 
Fee income
 
$
42,446

 
$
34,429

Cost reimbursements and recoverable expenses
 
9,623

 
10,754

Employees and other affiliates
 
1,079

 
596

 
 
$
53,148

 
$
45,779

Due to Affiliates
 
 
 
 
Employees and other affiliates (including $35.5 million of deferred consideration—Note 2)
 
$
36,285

 
$
—


Transactions with affiliates include the following:
Fee Income—Fee income earned from investment vehicles that the Company manages and/or sponsors, and may have an equity interest or co-investment, are presented in Note 17.
Cost Reimbursements—The Company received cost reimbursement income related primarily to the following arrangements:
•
Direct and indirect operating costs, including but not limited to compensation, overhead and other administrative costs, for managing the operations of non-traded REITs and Colony Credit, with reimbursements for non-traded REITs limited to the greater of 2% of average invested assets or 25% of net income (net of base management fees);
•
Direct costs of personnel dedicated solely to NRE (prior to termination of management agreement and sale of NRE in September 2019) plus 20% of such personnel costs for related overhead charges, not to exceed, in aggregate, specified thresholds as set out in the NRE management agreement;
•
Costs incurred in performing investment due diligence for NorthStar Healthcare and private funds managed by the Company;
•
Equity awards granted to employees of the Company by Colony Credit and NRE (prior to termination of the NRE management agreement) and cash compensation paid by NRE to certain employees of the Company in connection with the sale of NRE in September 2019, which are presented gross as other income and compensation expense (Note 18);
•
Services provided to the Company's unconsolidated investment ventures for servicing and managing their loan portfolios, including foreclosed properties, and services to the Digital Colony Manager joint venture prior to the Company's acquisition of DBH in July 2019; and
•
Administrative services provided to certain senior executives of the Company.
Cost reimbursements, included in other income, were as follows.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Retail companies
 
$
681

 
$
899

 
$
2,108

 
$
3,770

Public companies (Colony Credit, NRE)
 
6,592

 
2,959

 
11,887

 
7,653

Private investment vehicles and other
 
2,736

 
1,895

 
10,615

 
6,155

Equity awards of Colony Credit and NRE (Note 18)
 
24,049

 
3,023

 
30,632

 
8,085


 
$
34,058

 
$
8,776

 
$
55,242

 
$
25,663



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Recoverable Expenses—The Company pays organization and offering costs associated with the formation and capital raising of the retail companies and private funds sponsored by the Company, for which the Company recovers from these investment vehicles, up to specified thresholds for certain private funds and up to 1% of proceeds expected to be raised from the offering of retail companies (excluding shares offered pursuant to distribution reinvestment plans).
NorthStar Healthcare Credit Facility—The Company has committed to provide NorthStar Healthcare with an unsecured revolving credit facility at market terms with a maximum principal amount of $35.0 million. The credit facility matures in December 2020, with a six-month extension option. Advances under the credit facility accrue interest at LIBOR plus 3.5%. There is no commitment fee for the unused portion of the facility. The credit facility is intended to provide additional liquidity to NorthStar Healthcare on an as needed basis. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no outstanding advances under the revolving credit facility.
Liquidating Trust—As contemplated in the combination agreement, a certain loan receivable previously held by NorthStar I was not transferred to Colony Credit, for which the Company acquired a senior participation interest at par, and the remaining junior participation interest ("NorthStar I Retained Asset") was transferred to a liquidating trust. The Company entered into a management services agreement with the liquidating trust to service and assist in the potential sale of the NorthStar I Retained Asset, and to provide administrative services on such terms and conditions as approved by the trustees for a management fee of 1.25% per annum of the net assets of the liquidating trust. Such fee amount is immaterial.
Sales to Colony Credit—There were no such sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2019. In May 2018, the Company sold a preferred equity investment sponsored by the Company's equity method investee, RXR Realty, to Colony Credit at the unpaid principal amount of the investment of $89.1 million. In July 2018, the Company sold to Colony Credit its interest in a subsidiary holding a net lease property in Norway that was partially financed by a non-callable bond for $121.5 million based on an appraised value of the property, resulting in a gain on sale of $28.6 million.
Healthcare Partnership—The Healthcare Partnership was previously formed by NRF with the intention of expanding the Company’s healthcare business (Note 18). The Healthcare Partnership is entitled to incentive fees ranging from 20% to 25% of distributions above certain hurdles for new and existing healthcare real estate investments held by the Company and a portion of incentive fees earned from NorthStar Healthcare. To date, no incentive fees have been earned by the Healthcare Partnership.
American Healthcare Investors Joint Venture—The Company has an equity method investment in American
Healthcare Investors, LLC (“AHI"). Prior to the termination of its management agreement in October 2018, AHI had provided certain healthcare-focused real estate investment management and related services to the Company and NorthStar Healthcare. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company incurred property management fees and sub-advisory fees to AHI totaling $1.3 million and $3.9 million, respectively.
Deferred Consideration—In connection with the acquisition of DBH in July 2019, payment of a portion of the cash consideration was deferred until the expiration of certain customary seller indemnification obligations. The deferred consideration is payable to former principals of DBH, who became employees or affiliate of the Company post-acquisition.
Arrangements with Company-Sponsored Private Fund—The Company co-invests alongside a Company-sponsored private fund through joint ventures between the Company and the sponsored private fund. These co-investment joint ventures are consolidated by the Company. The Company has capital commitments, as general partner, directly into the private fund and as an affiliate of the general partner, capital commitments satisfied through co-investment joint ventures. In connection with the Company's commitments as an affiliate of the general partner, the Company is allocated a proportionate share of the costs of the private fund such as financing and administrative costs. Such costs expensed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were immaterial and relate primarily to the Company's share of the fund's operating costs and deferred financing costs on borrowings of the fund.
Equity Awards of Colony Credit and NRE—As discussed in Note 18, Colony Credit and NRE (prior to the sale of NRE in September 2019) grant equity awards to the Company and certain of the Company's employees, either directly by Colony Credit and NRE, or indirectly through the Company, are recognized as a gross-up of equity-based compensation expense over the vesting period with a corresponding amount in other income.
Investment in Managed Investment Vehicles—Subject to the Company's related party policies and procedures, senior management, investment professionals and certain other employees may invest on a discretionary basis in investment vehicles sponsored by the Company, either directly in the vehicle or indirectly through the general partner entity. These investments are generally not subject to management fees, but otherwise bear their proportionate share of other operating expenses of the investment vehicles. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, such investments in consolidated investment vehicles and general partner entities totaled $4.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively, reflected in redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests on the balance sheet. Their share of net

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income was $0.3 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $1.3 million and $6.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Corporate Aircraft—The Company, through its subsidiary, Colony Capital Advisors, LLC, has entered into a time sharing agreement with Thomas J. Barrack, Jr., the Company's Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, under which Mr. Barrack may use the Company’s aircraft for personal travel. Under this arrangement, Mr. Barrack pays the Company for personal usage based on the incremental cost to the Company, including direct and indirect variable costs, but in no case more than the maximum reimbursement permitted by the Federal Aviation Regulations under the agreement. Mr. Barrack has reimbursed the Company $0.2 million and $0.1 million for personal flights taken during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $0.8 million and $0.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
20. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
The Company's operating leases, as lessee, are primarily ground leases assumed through its real estate acquisitions and leases for its corporate offices. Equipment leases are generally short term leases of less than 12 months or constitute immaterial lease payments.
At September 30, 2019, the weighted average remaining lease terms were 20.6 years for ground leases and 7.5 years for office leases.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, lease expense, including variable lease expense, was $2.1 million and $5.9 million for ground leases, respectively, and $2.5 million and $7.7 million for office leases, respectively.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the following table summarizes lease expense for ground leases, included in property operating expense, and office leases, included in administrative expense.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(In thousands)
 
Ground Leases
 
Office Leases
 
Ground Leases
 
Office Leases
Operating lease expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed lease expense
 
$
1,997

 
$
2,444

 
$
6,186

 
$
6,654

Variable lease expense
 
384

 
647

 
1,463

 
1,683

 
 
$
2,381

 
$
3,091

 
$
7,649

 
$
8,337


Operating Lease Commitments
The operating lease liability was determined using a weighted average discount rate of 5.4%. At September 30, 2019, the Company's future operating lease commitments for ground leases on real estate held for investment and for office leases were as follows.
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ending December 31,
 
Ground Leases
 
Office Leases
 
Total
Remaining 2019
 
$
1,495

 
$
2,814

 
$
4,309

2020
 
6,043

 
10,810

 
16,853

2021
 
5,737

 
10,270

 
16,007

2022
 
5,773

 
8,619

 
14,392

2023
 
5,726

 
8,187

 
13,913

2024 and thereafter
 
83,260

 
33,035

 
116,295

Total lease payments
 
108,034

 
73,735

 
181,769

Present value discount
 
 
 
 
 
(61,134
)
Operating lease liability (Note 8)
 
 
 
 
 
$
120,635



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At December 31, 2018, the Company's future minimum operating lease commitments for ground leases on real estate held for investment and for corporate office leases were as follows:
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year Ending December 31,
 
Ground Leases
 
Office Leases
 
Total
2019
 
$
5,149

 
$
8,980

 
$
14,129

2020
 
5,217

 
8,598

 
13,815

2021
 
5,386

 
8,200

 
13,586

2022
 
5,776

 
7,176

 
12,952

2023
 
5,720

 
6,610

 
12,330

2024 and thereafter
 
87,150

 
28,144

 
115,294

Total lease payments
 
$
114,398

 
$
67,708

 
$
182,106


Contingent Consideration
In connection with a consensual foreclosure of the THL Hotel Portfolio, contingent consideration is payable to a preferred equity holder in an amount up to $13.0 million (Note 11), subject to the Company achieving certain agreed upon returns.
Litigation and Claims
The Company may be involved in litigation and claims in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was not involved in any legal proceedings that are expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
21. Segment Reporting
The Company conducts its business through the following six reportable segments:
•
Healthcare—The Company's healthcare segment is composed of a diverse portfolio of senior housing, skilled nursing facilities, medical office buildings, and hospitals. The Company earns rental income from senior housing, skilled nursing facilities and hospital assets that are under net leases to single tenants/operators and from medical office buildings which are both single tenant and multi-tenant. In addition, certain of the Company's senior housing properties are managed by operators under a RIDEA (REIT Investment Diversification and Empowerment Act) structure, which effectively allows the Company to gain financial exposure to underlying operations of the facility in a tax efficient manner versus receiving contractual rent under a net lease arrangement.
•
Industrial—The Company's industrial segment is composed of primarily light industrial assets throughout the U.S. Light industrial properties serve as the “last mile” of the logistics chain, which are vital for e-commerce and tenants that require increasingly quick delivery times. In addition, in February 2019, the Company entered into the bulk industrial market as bulk assets remain integral to highly functional distribution networks. Driven by significant appreciation in the value of the Company's industrial portfolio, in June 2019, the Company engaged advisors to market its industrial portfolio and the related management platform for sale, and in September 2019, entered into definitive sale agreements. As the planned sale represents a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results, the operating results of the industrial business are presented as discontinued operations on the consolidated statements of operations (Note 15).
•
Hospitality—The Company's hospitality portfolio is composed of primarily extended stay and select service hotels located mainly in major metropolitan and high-demand suburban markets in the U.S., with the majority affiliated with top hotel brands such as Marriott and Hilton.
•
CLNC—This represents the Company's investment in Colony Credit, a commercial real estate credit REIT with a diverse portfolio consisting primarily of CRE senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity, debt securities and net lease properties primarily in the U.S.
•
Other Equity and Debt—The Company's other equity and debt segment consists of a diversified group of strategic and non-strategic real estate and real estate-related debt and equity investments. Strategic investments include investments for which the Company acts as a general partner and/or manager (“GP Co-Investments”) and receives various forms of investment management economics on related third-party capital. Non-strategic investments are composed of those investments the Company does not intend to own for the long term including other real estate equity, real estate debt, and net leased assets, among other holdings.

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•
Investment Management—The Company's investment management business raises, invests and manages funds on behalf of a diverse set of institutional and individual investors, for which the Company earns management fees, generally based on the amount of assets or capital managed, and contractual incentive fees or carried interest based on the performance of the investment vehicles managed subject to the achievement of minimum return hurdles. The potential sale of the industrial segment includes the Company's general partner interest in the industrial investment vehicles and related management contracts, reported under the investment management segment.
Amounts not allocated to specific segments include corporate level cash and corresponding interest income, fixed assets for administrative use, corporate level financing and related interest expense, income and expense related to cost reimbursement arrangements with certain affiliates, costs in connection with unconsummated investments, compensation expense not directly attributable to reportable segments, corporate level administrative and overhead costs as well as corporate level transaction and integration costs.
The chief operating decision maker assesses the performance of the business based on net income (loss) of each of the reportable segments. The various reportable segments generate distinct revenue streams, consisting of property operating income, interest income and fee income. Costs which are directly attributable, or otherwise can be subjected to a reasonable and systematic allocation, have been allocated to each of the reportable segments.
Selected Segment Results of Operations
The following table presents selected results of operations of the Company's reportable segments.
Results of operations of (i) the industrial segment which includes direct compensation and administrative expenses of the industrial business, and (ii) associated fee income, equity method earnings from our general partner interest in the industrial open-end fund, including carried interest, and compensation related to carried interest sharing, which are reported under the investment management segment, are presented as discontinued operations for all current and prior periods presented (Note 15).
(In thousands)
 
Healthcare
 
Industrial
 
Hospitality
 
CLNC
 
Other Equity and Debt
 
Investment Management
 
Amounts Not Allocated to Segments
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Total revenues
 
$
136,091

 
$
—

 
$
218,378

 
$
—

 
$
151,137

 
$
144,203

 
$
2,686

 
$
652,495

Property operating expenses
 
66,042

 
—

 
141,235

 
—

 
67,074

 
—

 
—

 
274,351

Interest expense
 
46,029

 
—

 
40,641

 
—

 
27,428

 
1,585

 
14,351

 
130,034

Depreciation and amortization
 
38,998

 
—

 
36,133

 
—

 
17,152

 
65,219

 
1,503

 
159,005

Provision for loan loss
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
17,233

 
—

 
—

 
17,233

Impairment loss
 
92,885

 
—

 
31,555

 
—

 
53,459

 
387,000

 
—

 
564,899

Gain on sale of real estate
 
833

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,391

 
—

 
—

 
8,224

Equity method earnings
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,979

 
35,587

 
3,211

 
—

 
46,777

Equity method losses—carried interest
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(474
)
 
—

 
(474
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
566

 
—

 
244

 
—

 
(1,105
)
 
(9,384
)
 
(289
)
 
(9,968
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
(112,554
)
 
—

 
(34,365
)
 
7,979

 
(5,160
)
 
(337,671
)
 
(144,421
)
 
(626,192
)
Income from discontinued operations
 
—

 
38,981

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
21,369

 
—

 
60,350

Net income (loss)
 
(112,554
)
 
38,981

 
(34,365
)
 
7,979

 
(5,160
)
 
(316,302
)
 
(144,421
)
 
(565,842
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(82,763
)
 
10,263

 
(28,359
)
 
7,277

 
(16,992
)
 
(287,833
)
 
(129,409
)
 
(527,816
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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(In thousands)
 
Healthcare
 
Industrial
 
Hospitality
 
CLNC
 
Other Equity and Debt
 
Investment Management
 
Amounts Not Allocated to Segments
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Total revenues
 
$
147,907

 
$
—

 
$
224,384

 
$
—

 
$
182,288

 
$
41,987

 
$
2,161

 
$
598,727

Property operating expenses
 
66,298

 
—

 
146,440

 
—

 
73,648

 
—

 
—

 
286,386

Interest expense
 
47,620

 
—

 
41,646

 
—

 
31,306

 
—

 
13,673

 
134,245

Depreciation and amortization
 
43,697

 
—

 
36,503

 
—

 
24,933

 
5,140

 
1,534

 
111,807

Provision for loan loss
 
213

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,612

 
—

 
—

 
7,825

(Reversal of) impairment loss
 
(274
)
 
—

 
61,865

 
—

 
7,132

 
7,000

 
—

 
75,723

Gain on sale of real estate
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
33,016

 
—

 
—

 
33,016

Equity method earnings (losses)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(19,480
)
 
24,517

 
(6
)
 
—

 
5,031

Equity method earnings—carried interest
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,837

 
—

 
3,837

Income tax benefit (expense)
 
(1,030
)
 
—

 
(855
)
 
—

 
719

 
2,898

 
223

 
1,955

Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
(15,051
)
 
—

 
(66,620
)
 
(19,480
)
 
88,053

 
15,095

 
(30,653
)
 
(28,656
)
Income from discontinued operations
 
—

 
6,296

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,946

 
—

 
11,242

Net income (loss)
 
(15,051
)
 
6,296

 
(66,620
)
 
(19,480
)
 
88,053

 
20,041

 
(30,653
)
 
(17,414
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(12,197
)
 
1,001

 
(62,900
)
 
(18,328
)
 
57,715

 
19,145

 
(27,226
)
 
(42,790
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Total revenues
 
$
427,761

 
$
—

 
$
642,073

 
$
—

 
$
465,891

 
$
228,010

 
$
10,258

 
$
1,773,993

Property operating expenses
 
194,268

 
—

 
422,271

 
—

 
207,794

 
—

 
—

 
824,333

Interest expense
 
150,691

 
—

 
124,297

 
—

 
88,497

 
1,585

 
41,591

 
406,661

Depreciation and amortization
 
119,907

 
—

 
109,389

 
—

 
65,101

 
80,806

 
4,536

 
379,739

Provision for loan losses
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
35,847

 
—

 
—

 
35,847

Impairment loss
 
144,209

 
—

 
35,825

 
—

 
107,533

 
387,000

 
649

 
675,216

Gain on sale of real estate
 
833

 
—

 
279

 
—

 
42,642

 
—

 
—

 
43,754

Equity method earnings (losses)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(254,420
)
 
85,952

 
(9,980
)
 
—

 
(178,448
)
Equity method earnings—carried interest
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
6,258

 
—

 
6,258

Income tax benefit (expense)
 
1,844

 
—

 
(2,598
)
 
—

 
(3,585
)
 
(9,024
)
 
(388
)
 
(13,751
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
(201,280
)
 
—

 
(63,947
)
 
(254,420
)
 
54,399

 
(315,183
)
 
(386,351
)
 
(1,166,782
)
Income from discontinued operations
 
—

 
60,472

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
25,667

 
—

 
86,139

Net income (loss)
 
(201,280
)
 
60,472

 
(63,947
)
 
(254,420
)
 
54,399

 
(289,516
)
 
(386,351
)
 
(1,080,643
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(148,841
)
 
13,556

 
(54,670
)
 
(239,337
)
 
1,089

 
(262,934
)
 
(353,407
)
 
(1,044,544
)


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(In thousands)
 
Healthcare
 
Industrial
 
Hospitality
 
CLNC
 
Other Equity and Debt
 
Investment Management
 
Amounts Not Allocated to Segments
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Total revenues
 
$
445,921

 
$
—

 
$
649,539

 
$
—

 
$
578,392

 
$
131,103

 
$
5,857

 
$
1,810,812

Property operating expenses
 
203,247

 
—

 
425,856

 
—

 
242,433

 
—

 
—

 
871,536

Interest expense
 
143,740

 
—

 
112,501

 
—

 
118,062

 
—

 
41,094

 
415,397

Depreciation and amortization
 
123,053

 
—

 
107,885

 
—

 
77,423

 
19,020

 
4,600

 
331,981

Provision for loan losses
 
213

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
26,920

 
—

 
—

 
27,133

Impairment loss
 
5,488

 
—

 
61,865

 
—

 
23,687

 
207,741

 
—

 
298,781

Gain on sale of real estate
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
91,869

 
—

 
—

 
91,869

Equity method earnings (losses)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(17,721
)
 
59,501

 
(7,442
)
 
—

 
34,338

Equity method earnings—carried interest
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,837

 
—

 
3,837

Income tax benefit (expense)
 
(2,383
)
 
—

 
(930
)
 
—

 
(4,082
)
 
42,474

 
200

 
35,279

Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
(47,665
)
 
—

 
(71,735
)
 
(17,721
)
 
218,337

 
(126,119
)
 
(70,677
)
 
(115,580
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
—

 
17,285

 
—

 
—

 
(102
)
 
10,917

 
—

 
28,100

Net income (loss)
 
(47,665
)
 
17,285

 
(71,735
)
 
(17,721
)
 
218,235

 
(115,202
)
 
(70,677
)
 
(87,480
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(36,913
)
 
3,089

 
(67,183
)
 
(16,670
)
 
138,157

 
(108,445
)
 
(61,565
)
 
(149,530
)

Total assets and equity method investments of the reportable segments are summarized as follows:
(In thousands)
 
Healthcare
 
Industrial
 
Hospitality
 
CLNC
 
Other Equity and Debt
 
Investment Management
 
Amounts Not Allocated to Segments
 
Total
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
5,059,026

 
$
4,531,531

 
$
3,870,480

 
$
731,306

 
$
5,771,366

 
$
1,923,551

 
$
236,734

 
$
22,123,994

Equity method investments (1)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
731,306

 
1,064,855

 
155,389

 
3,742

 
1,955,292

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
5,395,550

 
$
3,185,906

 
$
3,980,988

 
$
1,037,754

 
$
6,371,999

 
$
1,983,911

 
$
259,141

 
$
22,215,249

Equity method investments (1)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,037,754

 
1,054,295

 
180,882

 
3,742

 
2,276,673


_________
(1) 
Excludes the Company's general partner equity, including carried interest allocation, in connection with its open-end industrial fund that is classified as held for sale (Note 7).
Geography
Geographic information about the Company's total income and long-lived assets are as follows. Geography is generally presented as the location in which the income producing assets reside or the location in which income generating services are performed.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Total income by geography:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
573,707

 
$
517,041

 
$
1,286,047

 
$
1,593,859

Europe
 
88,561

 
81,778

 
256,064

 
229,163

Other
 
2,472

 
—

 
4,450

 
302

Total (1)
 
$
664,740

 
$
598,819

 
$
1,546,561

 
$
1,823,324



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(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Long-lived assets by geography:
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
8,963,348

 
$
9,566,982

Europe
 
1,132,540

 
1,600,623

Total (2)
 
$
10,095,888

 
$
11,167,605


__________
(1) 
Total income includes equity method earnings (loss), and excludes cost reimbursement income from affiliates and income from discontinued operations. All income from discontinued operations are sourced in the United States.
(2) 
Long-lived assets comprise real estate held for investment, real estate related intangible assets, operating lease ROU asset and fixed assets, and exclude financial instruments, assets held for sale and investment management related intangible assets. Long-lived assets that are held for sale at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 included $4.8 billion and $3.3 billion located in the United States, respectively and $0.6 billion and $0.5 billion located in Europe, respectively.
22. Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized of $2,569 and $3,831
 
$
397,475

 
$
383,466

Cash received for income tax refunds (paid for income taxes), net
 
(6,377
)
 
13,193

Cash paid for operating lease liabilities
 
11,777

 
—

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations
 
$
142,635

 
$
121,658

Net cash used in investing activities of discontinued operations
 
(1,434,477
)
 
(593,496
)
Net cash provided by financing activities of discontinued operations
 
1,271,866

 
366,987

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
Dividends and distributions payable
 
$
86,588

 
$
84,604

Improvements in operating real estate in accrued and other liabilities
 
22,253

 
3,705

Redemption of OP Units for common stock
 
2,104

 
28,904

ROU assets and operating lease liabilities resulting from lease standard, net of related deferred receivables, intangibles and lease incentives derecognized upon adoption
 
138,731

 
—

Proceeds from loan repayments and asset sales held in escrow
 
16,692

 
—

Foreclosures and exchanges of loans receivable for real estate
 
16,000

 
26,001

Debt issued to buyer in sale of real estate
 
4,000

 
—

Deferred cash consideration for acquisition of DBH (Note 2)
 
35,500

 
—

Issuance of OP units for acquisition of DBH (Note 2)
 
111,903

 
—

Fair value of Digital Colony Manager contract intangible consolidated (Note 2)
 
51,400

 
—

Deconsolidation of net assets of securitization trusts (Note 15)
 
—

 
131,386

Assets held for sale contributed to equity method investee
 
—

 
20,350

Deferred tax liabilities assumed by buyer of related real estate
 
—

 
26,629

Debt assumed by buyer in sale of real estate
 
—

 
196,416

Contributions receivable from noncontrolling interests
 
—

 
25,501

Assets of CLNY Investment Entities deconsolidated, net of cash and restricted cash contributed
 
—

 
1,753,066

Liabilities of CLNY Investment Entities deconsolidated
 
—

 
421,245

Noncontrolling interests of CLNY Investment Entities deconsolidated
 
—

 
395,274


23. Subsequent Events
Other than as disclosed elsewhere, no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the accompanying notes.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Quarterly Report") constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and we intend such statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions contained therein. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” or “potential” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases which are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report reflect our current views about future events and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and changes in circumstances that may cause our actual results to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:
•
the market, economic and environmental conditions in the healthcare, hospitality and industrial real estate, other commercial real estate equity and debt, and investment management sectors;
•
whether a strategic plan will be adopted by our company within the timeframe contemplated or at all, and whether such plan, if adopted, will result in significant impairments of our investments, including healthcare and hospitality assets;
•
the impact of completed or anticipated strategic initiatives, including the acquisition of Digital Bridge Holdings, the pending sale of our industrial platform, the acquisition of a Latin American private equity platform, and the formation of certain other investment management platforms, on our company's growth and earnings profile;
•
any decrease in our net income and funds from operations as a result of the Merger or otherwise, or our other acquisition activity;
•
our ability to integrate and maintain consistent standards and controls following the Merger, including our ability to manage our acquisitions effectively (such as Colony Latam Partners and Digital Bridge Holdings) and to realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions;
•
our ability to realize anticipated compensation and administrative cost reductions in connection with our corporate restructuring and reorganization plan;
•
our exposure to risks to which we have not historically been exposed, including liabilities with respect to the assets acquired through the Merger and our other acquisitions;
•
whether we will complete a sale of our industrial business, and redeploy proceeds received from any such sale, within the time and manner contemplated or at all;
•
our business and investment strategy, including the ability of the businesses in which we have a significant investment (such as Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. (NYSE:CLNC)) to execute their business strategies;
•
whether we will enter into a definitive agreement with Colony Credit with respect to, among other matters, an internalization of Colony Credit and, if an agreement is reached, the potential impact of such agreement on our goodwill;
•
performance of our investments relative to our expectations and the impact on our actual return on invested equity, as well as the cash provided by these investments and available for distribution;
•
our ability to grow our business by raising capital for the companies that we manage;
•
our ability to deploy capital into new investments consistent with our business strategies, including the earnings profile of such new investments;
•
the impact of adverse conditions affecting a specific asset class in which we have investments;
•
the availability of attractive investment opportunities;
•
our ability to achieve any of the anticipated benefits of certain joint ventures, including any ability for such ventures to create and/or distribute new investment products;

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•
our ability to satisfy and manage our capital requirements;
•
our expected holding period for our assets and the impact of any changes in our expectations on the carrying value of such assets;
•
the general volatility of the securities markets in which we participate;
•
our ability to obtain and maintain financing arrangements, including securitizations, on favorable or comparable terms or at all;
•
stability of the capital structure of our healthcare portfolio;
•
changes in interest rates and the market value of our assets;
•
interest rate mismatches between our assets and any borrowings used to fund such assets;
•
effects of hedging instruments on our assets;
•
the impact of economic conditions on third parties on which we rely;
•
any litigation and contractual claims against us and our affiliates, including potential settlement and litigation of such claims;
•
our levels of leverage;
•
adverse domestic or international economic conditions and the impact on the commercial real estate or real-estate related sectors;
•
the impact of legislative, regulatory and competitive changes;
•
actions, initiatives and policies of the U.S. and non-U.S. governments and changes to U.S. or non-U.S. government policies and the execution and impact of these actions, initiatives and policies;
•
our ability to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•
our ability to maintain our exemption from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”);
•
changes in our management team, including Chief Executive Officer succession plans and availability of qualified personnel;
•
our ability to make or maintain distributions to our stockholders; and
•
our understanding of our competition.
While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, assumptions and expectations, they are not guarantees of future performance. Furthermore, we disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, of new information, data or methods, future events or other changes. Moreover, because we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, new risk factors are likely to emerge from time to time. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and urge you to carefully review the disclosures we make concerning risks in sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto, which are included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, as well as information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which is accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Overview
We are a leading global investment management firm with $53 billion in assets under management ("AUM"), which includes approximately $14 billion of AUM from Digital Bridge Holdings LLC (“DBH”), a leading global investment manager of digital real estate infrastructure assets including cell towers, small cells, fiber and data centers. We manage capital on behalf of our stockholders, as well as institutional and retail investors in private funds, and traded and non-traded real estate investment trusts ("REITs"). We have significant holdings in: (a) the healthcare, industrial and hospitality property sectors; (b) Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. (NYSE: CLNC), which is externally managed by a subsidiary of the Company; and (c) various other equity and debt investments. We are headquartered in Los Angeles, with key offices in Boca Raton, New York, Paris and London, and have over 450 employees across 21 locations in 13 countries.
We were organized on May 31, 2016 as a Maryland corporation, and was formed through a tri-party merger (the "Merger") among Colony Capital, Inc. ("Colony"), NorthStar Asset Management Group Inc. ("NSAM") and NorthStar Realty Finance Corp. ("NRF") in an all-stock exchange on January 10, 2017. We elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our initial taxable year ended December 31, 2017.
We conduct our operations as a REIT, and generally are not subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our taxable income to stockholders and maintain qualification as a REIT, although we are subject to U.S. federal income tax on income earned through our taxable subsidiaries. We also operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from registration as an investment company under the 1940 Act. We conduct substantially all of our activities and hold substantially all of our assets and liabilities through our Operating Company. At September 30, 2019, we owned 90.3% of the Operating Company, as its sole managing member.
Our Business
Our vision is to establish the Company as a leading owner and investment manager of assets, businesses, and investment management products in which the digital and real estate frontiers intersect. We believe our deep understanding of commercial real estate and digital infrastructure provides us a significant advantage in identifying relative value throughout economic cycles. Through our prudent sector or subsector capital allocation and operational capabilities, we aim to generate outsized total returns on our balance sheet and third-party capital. Specifically, our preference is to invest our balance sheet capital alongside third party capital to create alignment and generate returns for our shareholders in two ways. First, through the return on investment through our balance sheet capital. Second, through base management fees paid by third party capital and potential carried interest, which provides us with a greater participation of profits after a minimum return is achieved. Over time, our goal is to manage third party capital alongside the majority of our balance sheet capital at a higher ratio than what is currently in place.
Currently, we conduct our business through the following six segments:
•
Healthcare—Our healthcare segment is composed of a diverse portfolio of senior housing, skilled nursing facilities, medical office buildings and hospitals. We earn rental income from our senior housing, skilled nursing facilities and hospital assets that are under net leases to single tenants/operators and from medical office buildings which are both single tenant and multi-tenant. In addition, certain of our senior housing properties are managed by operators under a RIDEA (REIT Investment Diversification and Empowerment Act) structure, which effectively allows us to gain financial exposure to the underlying operations of the facility in a tax efficient manner versus receiving contractual rent under a net lease arrangement.
•
Industrial—Our industrial segment is composed of primarily light industrial assets throughout the U.S. The light industrial properties serve as the “last mile” of the logistics chain, which are vital for e-commerce and tenants that require increasingly quick delivery times. In addition, in February 2019, the Company entered into the bulk industrial market as bulk assets remain integral to highly functional distribution networks. Driven by significant appreciation in the value of our industrial portfolio, in June 2019, we engaged advisors to market our industrial portfolio and the related management platform for sale and in September 2019, entered into definitive sale agreements. As the planned sale represents a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s

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operations and financial results, the operating results of the industrial business are presented as discontinued operations on the consolidated statements of operations.
•
Hospitality—Our hospitality portfolio is composed of primarily extended stay and select service hotels located mainly in major metropolitan and high-demand suburban markets in the U.S., with the majority affiliated with top hotel brands such as Marriott and Hilton.
•
CLNC—This represents our investment in Colony Credit (as described below), a commercial real estate credit REIT with a diverse portfolio consisting primarily of commercial real estate ("CRE") senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity, debt securities and net lease properties primarily in the U.S.
•
Other Equity and Debt—Our other equity and debt segment consists of a diversified group of strategic and non-strategic real estate and real estate-related debt and equity investments. Strategic investments include investments for which the Company acts as a general partner and/or manager (“GP Co-Investments”) and receives various forms of investment management economics on related third-party capital. Non-strategic investments are composed of those investments the Company does not intend to own for the long term including other real estate equity, real estate debt, and net leased assets, among other holdings.
•
Investment Management—Our investment management business raises, invests and manages funds on behalf of a diverse set of institutional and individual investors, for which we earn management fees, generally based on the amount of assets or capital managed, and contractual incentive fees or carried interest based on the performance of the investment vehicles managed subject to the achievement of minimum return hurdles. The potential sale of the industrial segment includes our general partner interest in the industrial investment vehicles and related management contracts, reported under the investment management segment.
Colony Credit
We own an approximate 36.4% interest, on a fully diluted basis, in Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc. ("Colony Credit"). Colony Credit was formed on January 31, 2018 through a contribution of the CLNY Contributed Portfolio (as described below), represented by our ownership interests ranging from 38% to 100% in certain investment entities ("CLNY Investment Entities"), and a concurrent all-stock merger with NorthStar Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (“NorthStar I”) and NorthStar Real Estate Income II, Inc. (“NorthStar II”), both publicly registered non-traded REITs sponsored and managed by our subsidiary (the "Combination"). The CLNY Contributed Portfolio comprised our interests in certain commercial real estate loans, net lease properties and limited partnership interests in third party sponsored funds, which represented a select portfolio of U.S. investments within our other equity and debt segment that were transferable assets consistent with Colony Credit's strategy. Upon closing of the Combination, our management contracts with NorthStar I and NorthStar II were terminated; concurrently, we entered into a new management agreement with Colony Credit.
Corporate Restructuring
Following a strategic review process, in November 2018, we announced a corporate restructuring and reorganization plan aimed at reducing our annual compensation and administrative expenses over approximately 12 months. The restructuring plan was designed to match resources that further align our increasing focus on our investment management business by, among other things, reducing our workforce globally by 10% to 20%, primarily in connection with the exit of non-core assets and business lines, together with general cost reductions.
We have now achieved approximately 80% of our expected $50 to $55 million ($45 to $50 million on a cash basis) of the previously announced annual compensation and administrative cost savings on a run rate basis, with remaining cost savings expected to be achieved by the end of 2019.
Corporate Governance Enhancements
In February 2019, we announced the implementation of a series of changes designed to enhance our corporate governance, and entered into a cooperation agreement with Blackwells Capital LLC, a stockholder of the Company. In connection with the cooperation agreement, our board of directors appointed three new independent directors to the board. In addition, in accordance with the cooperation agreement, our board of directors formed a Strategic Asset Review Committee composed solely of independent directors to review, evaluate and make recommendations to the board on issues relating to our assets and business configuration.

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Strategic Asset Review Update
As part of a comprehensive review undertaken by the Company, together with its Strategic Asset Review Committee and an independent advisor, the Company has undertaken certain assessments and strategic initiatives intended to build on core investment management competencies while focusing on high-growth businesses. A key component of this strategic evolution was our recent acquisition of DBH, which also addressed our Chief Executive Officer succession plans. These previously announced and/or completed initiatives also include termination of our management agreement with NRE in connection with the sale of NRE, repositioning of Colony Credit's portfolio and its potential internalization (as discussed below), stabilization of the debt capital structure of the healthcare portfolio, and a corporate restructuring and reorganization plan that is on track with its cost savings objectives.
In connection with the acquisition of DBH, we entered into an employment agreement with Marc C. Ganzi, co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of DBH, pursuant to which Mr. Ganzi serves as Managing Director of the Company and Chief Executive Officer of the Company's digital realty platform. Upon the later of the termination of the investment period of Digital Colony Partners ("Digital Colony," a fund co-sponsored by us and DBH), and December 31, 2020, Mr. Ganzi will serve as the Company's Chief Executive Officer, succeeding Thomas J. Barrack, Jr., who will return to the position of Executive Chairman of the Company.
Additionally, in June 2019, the Company engaged advisors to market the Company’s industrial portfolio and the related management platform for sale. There has been significant appreciation in the value of the industrial portfolio driven by favorable operating fundamentals and strong investor demand for light industrial assets. In September 2019, the Company entered into definitive sale agreements for an aggregate gross sales price of approximately $5.9 billion. In November 2019, the definitive sale agreement providing for the sale of the bulk industrial portfolio for $190 million was terminated. The Company is in the process of negotiating an agreement with a third party for the sale of the bulk industrial portfolio on substantially the same economic terms as the prior agreement. The sale of the light industrial portfolio and the related management platform is expected to generate a significant gain and is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2019, subject to customary closing conditions. However, no assurances can be made that these sales can be completed within the time frame contemplated, or on the terms anticipated, or at all. If the sale is completed, the Company may redeploy a portion of the proceeds into higher total return strategies (e.g., digital real estate and infrastructure) and may further consider the reduction of corporate leverage or other uses. The sale of the industrial segment, including its related management platform, represents a strategic shift that will have a significant effect on the Company’s operations and financial results, and has met the criteria as held for sale and discontinued operations. Accordingly, for all current and prior periods presented, the related assets and liabilities are presented as assets and liabilities held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements) and the related operating results are presented as income from discontinued operations on the consolidated statement of operations (see Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements).
As the Company undertakes its strategic evolution, the Company anticipates shifting its focus from traditional real estate towards a digital real estate and infrastructure business. At this time, management, together with the Strategic Asset Review Committee and its independent advisor, are in the process of formulating the details around the Company’s strategic plan, which is expected to be recommended to the Company’s Board of Directors in the fourth quarter of 2019 prior to finalization. The strategic plan is expected to provide a broad outline of topics such as the Company’s asset rotation plan, capital allocation policy, target investment profile and capital structure, and the vision for establishing the Company as the leading platform for digital real estate and infrastructure.
A potential strategic shift in the Company’s business may represent an indicator of impairment and the Company performed an assessment as of September 30, 2019 to ascertain if the net carrying value of its investments, including its healthcare and hospitality real estate, would be recoverable. A final strategic plan is expected to provide more specificity as to the Company’s expected holding periods for its investments, including its healthcare and hospitality assets. In the absence of such information, and with considerable uncertainty still surrounding the strategic plan, the Company applied its best estimate at this time based upon undiscounted future net cash flows to be generated by these assets over a long-term hold. The analysis indicated that as of September 30, 2019, the net carrying value of the Company's investments, including its healthcare and hospitality assets, would be recoverable. A shortened holding period for these assets may significantly reduce the undiscounted future net cash flows to be generated by certain assets below their carrying values. Therefore, if the final strategic plan adopted by the Company contemplates a shortened holding period for these assets, the Company expects that such a decision, if and when made, may result in a significant impairment in the carrying value of its investments, specifically certain of its healthcare and hospitality assets. At September 30, 2019, the healthcare and hospitality segments had real estate held for investment with carrying values of $4.6 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively, financed with $3.0 billion and $2.7 billion of debt, respectively. At September 30, 2019, we own 71% of our healthcare segment and 94% of our hospitality segment.

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Colony Credit
As part of Colony Credit's strategic plan, in the third quarter of 2019, Colony Credit bifurcated its assets into a core portfolio and a legacy, non-strategic portfolio, which will allow Colony Credit to focus on the divestment of its legacy, non-strategic portfolio and to redeploy into and grow its core portfolio. In conjunction with its focus on its core portfolio, Colony Credit meaningfully reduced the book value of its legacy, non-strategic assets to better reflect its market value and reset its annualized dividend from $1.74 per share to $1.20 per share. As a result of the meaningful reduction to Colony Credit's book value, in November 2019, the Company amended its management agreement with Colony Credit to reduce the fee base to reflect Colony Credit's reduced book value, which will result in a decrease in management fees to the Company effective in the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2019.
Additionally, in November 2019, the Company delivered a non-binding letter to the independent directors of Colony Credit, seeking to explore with Colony Credit the possible internalization of its management and a transfer of the Company’s credit investment management business to Colony Credit to (i) further the Company's strategic repositioning to simplify and establish the Company as the leading platform for digital real estate and infrastructure and (ii) position Colony Credit to become a leading independent real estate credit REIT with a clearly defined strategy positioned for greater growth. There can be no assurance that the Company and Colony Credit will reach an agreement with respect to an internalization of Colony Credit or any of the other matters described in the letter, that the nature or terms of an internalization of Colony Credit or any such others matters will not differ from the description in the letter, or that an internalization of Colony Credit or any such other matters will be completed. If an agreement is reached between the Company and Colony Credit on an internalization of Colony Credit and a transfer of the Company's credit investment management business to Colony Credit, this may result in a decline in the fair value of the Company's investment management reporting unit, which may result in further impairment of goodwill in the future.
Developments in 2019
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and through November 6, 2019, significant developments affecting our business and results of operations included the following:
Acquisitions, Dispositions and Fundraising
•
In April 2019, acquired the private equity platform of the Abraaj Group in Latin America, which has been renamed Colony Latam Partners and manages approximately $574 million of AUM, for $5.5 million. Colony Latam Partners will continue to be headed by its existing senior management team.
•
In June 2019, classified our industrial segment and related management platform as held for sale and discontinued operations. In September 2019, entered into definitive agreements for the sale of our light industrial portfolio and the related management platform for an aggregate gross sales price of approximately $5.7 billion, which is expected to generate a significant gain, and is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2019, subject to customary closing conditions. This agreement now excludes our bulk industrial portfolio for which we are in the process of negotiating a sale separately with another third party.
•
In the first nine months of 2019, the industrial segment acquired 90 buildings and five parcels of land for $1.5 billion, financed through $952 million of new debt, with its existing $400 million revolver replaced with a $600 million revolver. In terms of fundraising, raised an additional $142 million of capital in our open-end light industrial fund in the first quarter of 2019, bringing total third party capital raised to date in our light industrial platform to $1.66 billion. Additionally, raised $70 million of capital in our bulk industrial joint venture formed in February 2019.
•
In July 2019, acquired DBH for $329 million in a combination of cash and OP units as part of our strategic evolution to become the leading platform for digital infrastructure and real estate, adding $14 billion of AUM. This acquisition follows the May 2019 final closing of the Digital Colony fund.
•
In July 2019, formed a strategic joint venture with California Resources Corporation (NYSE: CRC) through our energy investment management arm, Alpine Energy, LLC ("Alpine," formerly Colony HB2 Energy, LLC), to which Alpine has committed to fund $320 million for development of CRC’s flagship Elk Hills field. In August 2019, Equity Group Investments became a strategic joint venture partner of Alpine.
•
In July 2019, closed on our fifth global real estate credit fund (second as a public company), with total capital commitments of approximately $428 million (inclusive of our capital commitment of $121 million, which may be reduced to no less than 5% of total commitments from future third party commitments).
•
In September 2019, NRE sold all of its outstanding common stock for $17.01 per share and we received proceeds of approximately $96 million for our investment in NRE, recording a gain of $12 million, included in equity method

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earnings. The sale resulted in the termination of the NRE management agreement, for which the Company received the remaining $65 million of the $70 million lump sum incentive and termination fee.
Financing and Capital Transactions
•
Repurchased 652,311 shares of our class A common stock for $3.2 million under our stock repurchase program.
•
In April 2019, amended certain terms of our Credit Agreement, including a reduction of aggregate revolving commitments from $1 billion to $750 million and modification of a financial covenant and borrowing base formula.
•
Refinanced $2.21 billion of debt principal in our healthcare segment that was scheduled to mature in 2019 and extended their maturities to 2024 (including extension options). Our completed refinancings included $1.725 billion of mortgage debt, which was paid in full with proceeds from a new $1.515 billion secured debt, and $250 million of new equity contribution, of which $174 million was funded by us and remainder by our equity partners in the healthcare portfolio.
•
Refinanced an aggregate $116 million of debt principal in our hospitality portfolio, extending their maturities to 2024 (including extension options).
Other
•
Recorded an impairment charge in June 2019 of $228 million to write down our 36.4% interest in Colony Credit to the closing price of Colony Credit's common stock at June 28, 2019, as part of equity method loss.
•
Remeasured our 50% interest in Digital Colony Manager upon closing of the DBH acquisition and recorded a gain of $51 million, representing 50% of the fair value of the Digital Colony fund management contract.
•
Entered into a series of transactions effectively terminating the $2 billion notional interest rate swap assumed through the Merger for $365 million in total, of which $224 million was paid in the third quarter of 2019, with remaining settlement fixed at $141 million expected to be paid in December 2019.
•
Recognized carried interest from our industrial open-end fund of $35 million, of which 50% is allocated to senior management, investment professionals and certain other employees as compensation.
•
Recorded impairment of $387 million in September 2019 on the investment management goodwill, driven primarily by loss of future fee income that is expected to result from the pending sale of its industrial business and the amendment of Colony Credit's management agreement to reduce the fee base to reflect Colony Credit's reduced book value.
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our results of operations by segment.
Results of operations associated with our industrial business are presented as discontinued operations for all current and prior periods presented (see Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements). Those results include (i) the entire industrial segment, and (ii) portions of the investment management segment associated with the industrial business,

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including fees and carried interest from the industrial open-end fund and related compensation expense.
(in thousands)
 
Total Revenues
 
Net Income (Loss)
 
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Healthcare
 
$
136,091

 
$
147,907

 
$
(112,554
)
 
$
(15,051
)
 
$
(82,763
)
 
$
(12,197
)
Industrial
 
—

 
—

 
38,981

 
6,296

 
10,263

 
1,001

Hospitality
 
218,378

 
224,384

 
(34,365
)
 
(66,620
)
 
(28,359
)
 
(62,900
)
CLNC
 
—

 
—

 
7,979

 
(19,480
)
 
7,277

 
(18,328
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
151,137

 
182,288

 
(5,160
)
 
88,053

 
(16,992
)
 
57,715

Investment Management
 
144,203

 
41,987

 
(316,302
)
 
20,041

 
(287,833
)
 
19,145

Amounts not allocated to segments
 
2,686

 
2,161

 
(144,421
)
 
(30,653
)
 
(129,409
)
 
(27,226
)
 
 
$
652,495

 
$
598,727

 
$
(565,842
)
 
$
(17,414
)
 
$
(527,816
)
 
$
(42,790
)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare
 
$
427,761

 
$
445,921

 
$
(201,280
)
 
$
(47,665
)
 
$
(148,841
)
 
$
(36,913
)
Industrial
 
—

 
—

 
60,472

 
17,285

 
13,556

 
3,089

Hospitality
 
642,073

 
649,539

 
(63,947
)
 
(71,735
)
 
(54,670
)
 
(67,183
)
CLNC
 
—

 
—

 
(254,420
)
 
(17,721
)
 
(239,337
)
 
(16,670
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
465,891

 
578,392

 
54,399

 
218,235

 
1,089

 
138,157

Investment Management
 
228,010

 
131,103

 
(289,516
)
 
(115,202
)
 
(262,934
)
 
(108,445
)
Amounts not allocated to segments
 
10,258

 
5,857

 
(386,351
)
 
(70,677
)
 
(353,407
)
 
(61,565
)
 
 
$
1,773,993

 
$
1,810,812

 
$
(1,080,643
)
 
$
(87,480
)
 
$
(1,044,544
)
 
$
(149,530
)
Selected Balance Sheet Data
The following table summarizes key balance sheet data by segment and the industrial business that is held for sale.
All assets and liabilities of the industrial business are classified as held for sale for all current and periods presented (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).
(In thousands)
 
Healthcare
 
Hospitality
 
CLNC
 
Other Equity and Debt
 
Investment Management
 
Amounts Not Allocated to Segments
 
Total
 
Industrial Held For Sale
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate, net
 
$
4,497,753

 
$
3,593,772

 
$
—

 
$
1,630,895

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
9,722,420

 
$
4,240,742

Loans receivable, net
 
53,677

 
—

 
—

 
1,400,522

 
—

 
—

 
1,454,199

 
—

Equity and debt investments
 
—

 
—

 
731,306

 
1,400,684

 
155,389

 
3,742

 
2,291,121

 
48,478

Debt, net
 
2,913,811

 
2,623,383

 
—

 
2,094,893

 
184,200

 
849,821

 
8,666,108

 
2,131,497

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate, net
 
$
4,995,298

 
$
3,668,824

 
$
—

 
$
2,161,888

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
10,826,010

 
$
2,793,004

Loans receivable, net
 
48,330

 
—

 
—

 
1,597,214

 
13,673

 
—

 
1,659,217

 
—

Equity and debt investments
 
—

 
—

 
1,037,754

 
1,307,369

 
180,882

 
3,742

 
2,529,747

 
13,422

Debt, net
 
3,213,992

 
2,603,599

 
—

 
2,309,347

 
—

 
848,434

 
8,975,372

 
1,064,585



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Consolidated Results of Operations
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 to Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating income
 
$
462,155

 
$
494,945

 
$
(32,790
)
Interest income
 
40,237

 
59,883

 
(19,646
)
Fee income
 
111,854

 
32,915

 
78,939

Other income
 
38,249

 
10,984

 
27,265

Total revenues
 
652,495

 
598,727

 
53,768

Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating expense
 
274,351

 
286,386

 
(12,035
)
Interest expense
 
130,034

 
134,245

 
(4,211
)
Investment and servicing expense
 
13,096

 
11,076

 
2,020

Transaction costs
 
100

 
228

 
(128
)
Placement fees
 
64

 
5,184

 
(5,120
)
Depreciation and amortization
 
159,005

 
111,807

 
47,198

Provision for loan loss
 
17,233

 
7,825

 
9,408

Impairment loss
 
564,899

 
75,723

 
489,176

Compensation expense—cash and equity-based
 
87,043

 
44,469

 
42,574

Compensation expense—carried interest and incentive fee
 
10,846

 
1,535

 
9,311

Administrative expenses
 
22,013

 
22,421

 
(408
)
Total expenses
 
1,278,684

 
700,899

 
577,785

Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Gain on sale of real estate
 
8,224

 
33,016

 
(24,792
)
     Other gain (loss), net
 
(44,562
)
 
29,677

 
(28,798
)
Equity method earnings
 
46,777

 
5,031

 
41,746

Equity method earnings (losses)—carried interest
 
(474
)
 
3,837

 
(4,311
)
Loss before income taxes
 
(616,224
)
 
(30,611
)
 
(585,613
)
     Income tax benefit (expense)
 
(9,968
)
 
1,955

 
(11,923
)
Loss from continuing operations
 
(626,192
)
 
(28,656
)
 
(597,536
)
Income from discontinued operations
 
60,350

 
11,242

 
49,108

Net loss
 
(565,842
)
 
(17,414
)
 
(548,428
)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
364

 
865

 
(501
)
     Investment entities
 
15,170

 
28,914

 
(13,744
)
     Operating Company
 
(53,560
)
 
(4,403
)
 
(49,157
)
Net loss attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(527,816
)
 
(42,790
)
 
(485,026
)
Preferred stock dividends
 
27,137

 
27,185

 
(48
)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
 
$
(554,953
)
 
$
(69,975
)
 
(484,978
)


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Property Operating Income and Property Operating Expenses
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Property operating income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare
 
$
135,017

 
$
146,462

 
$
(11,445
)
Hospitality
 
218,265

 
224,327

 
(6,062
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
108,873

 
124,156

 
(15,283
)
 
 
$
462,155

 
$
494,945

 
(32,790
)
Property operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare
 
$
66,042

 
$
66,298

 
$
(256
)
Hospitality
 
141,235

 
146,440

 
(5,205
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
67,074

 
73,648

 
(6,574
)
 
 
$
274,351

 
$
286,386

 
(12,035
)
Healthcare—Property operating income decreased $11.4 million comparing the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 due primarily to a reversal of uncollected straight-line rent receivables, as the leases are expected to be restructured for lower rents in the near term. There was also a reversal of uncollected current rent receivables on our net lease properties and medical office buildings, with rents related to those leases recognized on a cash basis beginning the third quarter of 2019. Additionally, property taxes and insurance paid directly to third parties by tenants or operators are no longer recognized on a gross basis in income and expense in 2019 under the new lease accounting standard. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in resident fee income in our senior housing operating portfolio from higher rents in the third quarter of 2019, although such increase in income did not fully absorb the corresponding increase in resident service costs, primarily labor costs, due to increased competition.
There was a minimal decrease in property operating expenses of $0.3 million comparing the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 as the effect of netting tenant reimbursements in 2019 was largely offset by higher resident service costs, as noted above.
Hospitality—Property operating income and expense decreased $6.1 million and $5.2 million, respectively, comparing the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, driven by the sale of nine hotels in 2019. On a same store basis, however, there was a marginal increase in property operating income of approximately $1.0 million and a marginal decrease in property operating expenses of $0.5 million. The increase in income can be attributed to higher ancillary income such as parking and cancellation fees, largely offset by the effect of weaker corporate demand and new supply in certain markets. Notwithstanding higher labor costs, the decrease in expenses was driven by the reversal of a property tax liability.
Other Equity and Debt—Property operating income and expenses decreased $15.3 million and $6.6 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The decreases were driven by continuing sales of our non-core properties, primarily in our THL Hotel Portfolio and European portfolio, and contribution of real estate to Colony Credit on January 31, 2018. These decreases were partially offset by property operating income and expenses from a portfolio of office and industrial buildings in France that was acquired in November 2018.
Interest Income
Interest income decreased $19.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease can be attributed to continuing repayments, payoffs and sales of our loan and securities portfolio, which more than offset additional loan fundings subsequent to the third quarter of 2018.
Fee Income
Fee income is earned from the following sources:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 

(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Institutional funds and other investment vehicles
 
$
26,612

 
$
10,805

 
$
15,807

Public companies (Colony Credit, NRE)
 
79,633

 
15,708

 
63,925

Non-traded REITs
 
4,994

 
6,143

 
(1,149
)
Other
 
615

 
259

 
356

 
 
$
111,854

 
$
32,915

 
78,939


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Fee income increased $78.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, resulting from:
•
net increase of $15.8 million in fees from institutional funds and investment vehicles, driven by $16.6 million of fees from DBH and Colony Latam funds, which were acquired in July 2019 and April, 2019, respectively, partially offset by decreases in fees from liquidating funds;
•
termination payment of $64.6 million from NRE, inclusive of $21.5 million of incentive fees for fiscal year 2019 through termination, received upon the sale of NRE and concurrent termination of our management agreement on September 30, 2019, net of lower management fees for the third quarter of 2019 prior to the sale compared to the same period in 2018; and
•
$0.4 million increase in other fees related to asset management and advisory services in 2019;
partially offset by:
•
$0.4 million decrease in fees from Colony Credit due to a lower stockholders' equity fee basis; and
•
approximately $1.0 million decrease in fee income from NorthStar Healthcare Income, Inc. ("NorthStar Healthcare") following a decrease in its NAV fee basis effective December 2018.
Other Income
Other income was $27.3 million higher at $38.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. In the third quarter of 2019, there were higher amounts grossed up in other income and compensation expense related to the acceleration of NRE equity awards and other cash compensation paid by NRE to employees upon the sale of NRE totaling approximately $25.0 million. Other increases included hotel management fee income from our acquisition of a distressed hotel manager in July 2019 that is managing a portfolio of hotels that we are in the process of acquiring through bankruptcy proceedings.
Interest Expense
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Investment-level financing:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare
 
$
46,029

 
$
47,620

 
$
(1,591
)
Hospitality
 
40,641

 
41,646

 
(1,005
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
27,428

 
31,306

 
(3,878
)
Investment management debt
 
1,585

 
—

 
1,585

Corporate-level debt
 
14,351

 
13,673

 
678

 
 
$
130,034

 
$
134,245

 
(4,211
)
There was a net decrease in interest expense of $4.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, attributed to the following:
Healthcare—Interest expense was approximately $1.6 million lower as the prior year period included recognition of interest expense from debt discount that has since been written off in June 2019 in connection with our $1.7 billion debt refinancing. The resulting decrease in interest expense was partially offset primarily by interest expense recognized from deferred financing costs related to the June 2019 debt refinancing and prepayment penalty incurred from early repayment of debt upon sale of underlying collateral in September 2019.
Hospitality—Interest expense was $1.0 million lower as the prior year period included additional interest expense from the amortization of certain debt discount. The discount was written off in connection with debt refinancing in 2019. This decrease was partially offset by higher interest expense on additional debt obtained in connection with the refinancing, and amortization of deferred financing costs related to the new debt.
Other Equity and Debt—Interest expense decreased $3.9 million, driven primarily by debt payoffs from continued sales and resolutions of our non-core investments, partially offset by new debt acquired to finance the acquisition of a portfolio of office and industrial buildings in France in November 2018.
Investment Management Debt—This represents interest expense on the borrowing on our corporate credit facility to partially finance the DBH acquisition in July 2019.
Corporate-level Debt—Interest expense increased as a result of a higher average outstanding balance on our corporate credit facility in the third quarter of 2019.

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Investment and Servicing Expense
There was a $2.0 million net increase in investment and servicing costs for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The increase was driven mainly by costs incurred in connection with our European investments and settlement of an employee litigation claim in our THL Hotel Portfolio, partially offset by lower management fees following the termination of a third party healthcare operator in October 2018 and lower bad debt expense.
Placement Fees
Immaterial placement fees were incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2019 in connection with our new global credit fund that had its first closing in July 2019, while $5.2 million was incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2018 related to fundraising for our co-investment vehicle in AccorInvest, a multinational European hospitality group.
Depreciation and Amortization
The net increase of $47.2 million in depreciation and amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 can be attributed mainly to: (i) accelerated amortization of the NRE management contract beginning in December 2018 through closing of the NRE sale in September 2019, (i) acquisition of a portfolio of office and industrial buildings in France in November 2018, and (iii) amortization of management contracts, customer relationships and trade name acquired from DBH in July 2019. These increases were partially offset by non-core properties sold or transferred to held for sale.
Provision for Loan Losses
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Non-PCI loans
 
$
17,228

 
$
214

 
$
17,014

PCI loans
 
5

 
7,611

 
(7,606
)
Total provision for loan losses
 
$
17,233

 
$
7,825

 
9,408

Provision for loan losses in the three months ended September 30, 2019 related to two non-PCI loans due to increased uncertainty over our ability to realize our investment due to a prolonged and complicated foreclosure process. We increased the loan loss provision during the third quarter of 2019 on a subordinated mezzanine position secured by an underperforming regional mall to fully reserve our cost basis due to uncertainty that the collateral value would be sufficient to satisfy any portion of our loan. We also increased the loan loss provision on a land development loan to reflect a lower estimated fair value of the collateral. In the three months ended September 30, 2018, provision for loan loss can be attributed mainly to a decline in collateral value and write-downs upon sale of two portfolios within the PCI loan category.
Of the total provision for loan losses, $4.6 million and $5.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities.
Impairment Loss
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Healthcare
 
$
92,885

 
$
(274
)
 
$
93,159

Hospitality
 
31,555

 
61,865

 
(30,310
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
53,459

 
7,132

 
46,327

Investment Management
 
387,000

 
7,000

 
380,000

 
 
$
564,899

 
$
75,723

 
489,176

Healthcare—A senior housing portfolio and a net lease property were impaired in the three months ended September 30, 2019 as a result of a shortfall in the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by these properties using a shorter holding period assumption in comparison to their carrying values, and written-down based upon offer prices received by the Company. These properties have not met all the criteria to be classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2019. Impairment in the three months ended September 30, 2018 included a $0.2 million write-down on properties sold and a $0.5 million reversal of impairment upon settlement of hurricane-related loss from 2017.
Hospitality—In the three months ended September 30, 2019, impairment was recorded based upon shortened hold periods on two hotels in Pennsylvania and unfavorable operating performance on a hotel in Houston.

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The above charges were netted by a $2.2 million reversal of impairment based upon final net proceeds from sale of six hotels in August 2019. These hotels along with other hotels sold in 2019 were initially impaired in the third quarter of 2018 when we adopted a sales strategy.
Other Equity and Debt—Impairment was $46.3 million higher at $53.5 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018. The increase was driven by impairments based upon revised expected sales prices in the current market, primarily on a real estate portfolio in the United Kingdom due to uncertainties of Brexit, and multi-tenant office properties in the United States.
Investment Management—In the third quarter of 2019, $387.0 million of impairment was taken on the investment management goodwill, driven primarily by loss of future fee income that is expected to result from the pending sale of its industrial business and the amendment of Colony Credit's management agreement to reduce the fee base to reflect Colony Credit's reduced book value.
Impairment of $7.0 million was recorded on the NorthStar Healthcare management contract intangible in the third quarter of 2018 based upon updated NAV.
Of the $564.9 million and $75.7 million of total impairment for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, $45.2 million and $4.9 million were attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities, respectively.
Compensation Expense
The table below provides the components of compensation expense:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Cash compensation and benefits
 
$
49,763

 
$
33,973

 
$
15,790

Equity-based compensation
 
9,425

 
7,579

 
1,846

Incentive and carried interest compensation
 
10,846

 
1,535

 
9,311

 
 
70,034

 
43,087

 
26,947

Compensation grossed up in income and expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
NRE related cash compensation
 
3,576

 
—

 
3,576

Equity-based compensation—NRE and CLNC awards
 
24,279

 
2,917

 
21,362

 
 
27,855

 
2,917

 
24,938

Total compensation expense
 
$
97,889

 
$
46,004

 
51,885

Compensation expense in the three months ended September 30, 2019 included incremental compensation related to NRE, specifically:
•
$26.1 million of gross up of compensation costs included in other income and compensation expense in the third quarter of 2019, attributed to the acceleration of NRE equity awards held by certain employees upon the sale of NRE and other cash compensation for termination and retention benefits paid by NRE to certain employees of the Company at closing;
•
severance payments upon the sale of NRE of $11.4 million; and
•
$10.8 million of incentive compensation, representing 50% of incentive income from NRE, which was realized upon termination of our management contract concurrent with the sale of NRE, that was allocated to senior management, investment professionals and certain employees.
Excluding these incremental costs related to the NRE sale, compensation expense increased $4.7 million comparing the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, which can be attributed primarily to additional compensation following our acquisitions of the Colony Latam platform in April 2019, DBH and a distressed hotel manager in July 2019, partially offset by cost savings from a decrease in headcount resulting from the Company's corporate restructuring undertaken beginning November 2018.
Administrative Expense
Administrative expense was $22.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019, a $0.4 million decrease from the same period in 2018, attributable to our ongoing cost reduction initiatives, largely offset by additional expenses in connection with businesses acquired in 2019.

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Gain on Sale of Real Estate
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Healthcare
 
$
833

 
$
—

 
$
833

Other Equity and Debt
 
7,391

 
33,016

 
(25,625
)
 
 
$
8,224

 
$
33,016

 
(24,792
)
Gain on sale in both three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 relate primarily to our European properties.
Gain on sale of $5.2 million and $4.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were attributed to noncontrolling interests in investment entities.
Equity Method Earnings (Losses)
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Colony Credit
 
$
7,979

 
$
(19,480
)
 
$
27,459

Other Equity and Debt
 
35,587

 
24,517

 
11,070

Investment Management (including ($474) and $3,837 of carried interest, respectively)
 
2,737

 
3,831

 
(1,094
)
 
 
$
46,303

 
$
8,868

 
37,435

Colony Credit—For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded our share of net income of approximately $8.0 million compared to a net loss of $19.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018. The net loss in 2018 resulted from loan loss provision and real estate impairments recorded by Colony Credit. In the third quarter of 2019, our share of loan loss provision and impairment charges recorded by Colony Credit was not recognized as equity method losses but applied to reduce the basis difference between the carrying value of our investment in Colony Credit and our proportionate share of Colony Credit's book value (see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements).
Other Equity and Debt—Equity method earnings increased $11.1 million comparing the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, resulting primarily from $12.4 million gain from the sale of NRE, income from new ADC loan originations and additional fundings, all of which were partially offset by loss of earnings from repayments of our preferred equity investments and sales of investments, and impairment of an equity method investment in a land development project
Investment Management—Equity method income was $1.1 million lower comparing the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. This was because the prior year period included additional income from a subsequently sold investment, unrealized carried interest allocation and management fees from the Digital Colony Manager joint venture prior to its consolidation in July 2019, all of which were partially offset by impairment charges on an investment.
Other Gain (Loss), Net
We recognized a net loss of $44.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to a net gain of $29.7 million in the same period in 2018.
This loss resulted primarily from a $91.5 million loss in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to a $27.8 million gain in the same period in 2018 on a non-designated interest rate swap assumed through the Merger that was intended to hedge future refinancing risk on certain NRF mortgage debt. $1.2 billion of the $2.0 billion notional amount on the swap was settled in the third quarter of 2019. In October 2019, the Company terminated the remaining position for a net settlement of $141.2 million that is expected to be paid in December 2019.
This loss was partially offset by a $51.4 million gain from remeasurement of our 50% interest in Digital Colony Manager upon closing of the DBH acquisition (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements).
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
We recorded an income tax expense of $10.0 million compared to an income tax benefit of $2.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The third quarter of 2019 included additional income tax expense arising primarily from a gain recognized on the remeasurement of our preexisting interest in Digital Colony Manager upon the acquisition of DBH.  

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Income from Discontinued Operations
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating income
 
$
97,188

 
$
73,036

 
$
24,152

Fee income
 
3,400

 
2,140

 
1,260

Interest and other income
 
1,454

 
866

 
588

Revenues from discontinued operations
 
102,042

 
76,042

 
26,000

Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating expense
 
26,051

 
21,409

 
4,642

Interest expense
 
21,130

 
10,872

 
10,258

Investment and servicing expense
 
54

 
41

 
13

Depreciation and amortization
 
12,342

 
33,503

 
(21,161
)
Impairment loss
 
—

 
774

 
(774
)
Compensation expense—cash and equity-based
 
3,914

 
2,257

 
1,657

Compensation expense—carried interest
 
17,796

 
1,933

 
15,863

Administrative expenses
 
960

 
857

 
103

Expenses from discontinued operations
 
82,247

 
71,646

 
10,601

Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain from sale of real estate
 
4,675

 
2,104

 
2,571

Other loss, net
 
(12
)
 
—

 
(12
)
Equity method earnings, including carried interest
 
35,765

 
4,930

 
30,835

Income from discontinued operations before income taxes
 
60,223

 
11,430

 
48,793

Income tax benefit (expense)
 
127

 
(188
)
 
315

Income from discontinued operations
 
$
60,350

 
$
11,242

 
49,108

Discontinued operations in the third quarters of 2019 and 2018 represent the results of operations of the industrial segment and the associated management platform, and include property operations, fee income, equity method earnings from the Company's general partner interest in the industrial open-end fund, and related compensation expense.
Income from discontinued operations of our industrial business increased $49.1 million comparing the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, attributed primarily to the following:
•
Property operating income and expense were $24.2 million and $4.6 million higher, respectively, resulting from continued growth of our industrial portfolio as acquisitions outpaced dispositions, including the acquisition of a $1.1 billion portfolio of 50 properties in February 2019. At September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, our industrial portfolio consisted of 456 and 406 buildings, respectively, with a net addition of 50 buildings and 12.7 million rentable square feet.
•
Additionally, depreciation and amortization expense decreased $21.2 million as real estate depreciation ceased beginning July 2019 upon classification of the industrial business as held for sale and the third quarter of 2019 included only amortization of lease intangibles.
•
The positive property operating results were partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $10.3 million as we obtained $952 million of additional debt to fund new acquisitions in the first nine months of 2019, along with additional drawdowns from our industrial revolver, which capacity was expanded from $400 million to $600 million. As a result, we also incurred higher deferred financing costs and higher unused fees on the revolver. These increases, however, were partially offset by higher capitalization of interest on development projects in 2019.
•
Cash and equity-based compensation was also higher, driven by compensatory arrangements with employees of the industrial segment in order to retain their employment through completion of the sale of the industrial business.
•
In connection with managing third party capital in our sponsored open-end industrial fund, fee income, calculated based on net asset value of the fund, was $1.3 million higher as a result of additional capital raised and appreciation in value of our industrial properties. In the third quarter of 2019, there was a significant increase of $30.8 million in carried interest recognized compared to the third quarter of 2018, included in equity method earnings, due to a significant increase in the net asset value of the fund that reflects the expected sales proceeds pursuant to definitive sale agreements for the industrial business. Correspondingly, carried interest compensation

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increased $15.9 million, which also included the effects of an adjustment to the employee sharing percentage approved by the compensation committee in 2019.
Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating income
 
$
1,409,841

 
$
1,500,991

 
$
(91,150
)
Interest income
 
121,362

 
167,326

 
(45,964
)
Fee income
 
178,315

 
106,733

 
71,582

Other income
 
64,475

 
35,762

 
28,713

Total revenues
 
1,773,993

 
1,810,812

 
(36,819
)
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating expense
 
824,333

 
871,536

 
(47,203
)
Interest expense
 
406,661

 
415,397

 
(8,736
)
Investment and servicing expense
 
51,562

 
55,546

 
(3,984
)
Transaction costs
 
2,922

 
3,585

 
(663
)
Placement fees
 
373

 
6,477

 
(6,104
)
Depreciation and amortization
 
379,739

 
331,981

 
47,758

Provision for loan loss
 
35,847

 
27,133

 
8,714

Impairment loss
 
675,216

 
298,781

 
376,435

Compensation expense—cash and equity-based
 
160,990

 
144,085

 
16,905

Compensation expense—carried interest and incentive fee
 
13,264

 
1,535

 
11,729

Administrative expenses
 
64,544

 
69,390

 
(4,846
)
Total expenses
 
2,615,451

 
2,225,446

 
390,005

Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Gain on sale of real estate
 
43,754

 
91,869

 
(48,115
)
     Other gain (loss), net
 
(183,137
)
 
133,731

 
(316,868
)
Equity method earnings (losses)
 
(178,448
)
 
34,338

 
(212,786
)
Equity method earnings—carried interest
 
6,258

 
3,837

 
2,421

Loss before income taxes
 
(1,153,031
)
 
(150,859
)
 
(1,002,172
)
     Income tax benefit (expense)
 
(13,751
)
 
35,279

 
(49,030
)
Loss from continuing operations
 
(1,166,782
)
 
(115,580
)
 
(1,051,202
)
Income from discontinued operations
 
86,139

 
28,100

 
58,039

Net loss
 
(1,080,643
)
 
(87,480
)
 
(993,163
)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
 
2,317

 
2,042

 
275

     Investment entities
 
51,744

 
74,517

 
(22,773
)
     Operating Company
 
(90,160
)
 
(14,509
)
 
(75,651
)
Net loss attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(1,044,544
)
 
(149,530
)
 
(895,014
)
Preferred stock redemption
 
—

 
(3,995
)
 
3,995

Preferred stock dividends
 
81,412

 
89,960

 
(8,548
)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
 
$
(1,125,956
)
 
$
(235,495
)
 
(890,461
)


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Property Operating Income and Property Operating Expenses
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Property operating income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare
 
$
424,570

 
$
441,438

 
$
(16,868
)
Hospitality
 
641,836

 
648,845

 
(7,009
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
343,435

 
410,708

 
(67,273
)
 
 
$
1,409,841

 
$
1,500,991

 
(91,150
)
Property operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare
 
$
194,268

 
$
203,247

 
$
(8,979
)
Hospitality
 
422,271

 
425,856

 
(3,585
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
207,794

 
242,433

 
(34,639
)
 
 
$
824,333

 
$
871,536

 
(47,203
)
Healthcare—Property operating income decreased $16.9 million comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. This was driven by a reversal of uncollected straight-line rent receivables, as the leases are expected to be restructured for lower rents in the near term. There was also a reversal of uncollected current rent receivables on our net lease properties and medical office buildings, with rents related to those leases recognized on a cash basis beginning the third quarter of 2019. In 2019, property taxes and insurance paid directly to third parties by tenants or operators are no longer recognized on a gross basis in income and expense under the new lease accounting standard. Additionally, the prior year period included a non-recurring termination fee from an early lease termination in our medical office building portfolio. These decreases were partially offset by a reduction to lease revenue following the disposition of a net lease portfolio with above market leases in the third quarter of 2019. There was also an increase in resident fee income in our senior housing operating portfolio from higher rents in 2019, although such increase in income did not fully absorb the corresponding increase in resident service costs, primarily labor costs, due to increased competition.
Property operating expenses decreased $9.0 million comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. This is due largely to the recording of bad debts as a direct reduction of revenue beginning 2019 and the effect of no longer grossing up property taxes and insurance under the new lease accounting standard. Additionally, lower property management fees were incurred in 2019 following the termination of a third party management contract in October 2018. These decreases were partially offset by higher legal and marketing costs, and higher resident service costs as noted above, in 2019.
Hospitality—Property operating income and expense decreased $7.0 million and $3.6 million, respectively, comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, driven by the sale of nine hotels in 2019. On a same store basis, however, there were marginal increases of $1.1 million in property operating income and $1.6 million in property operating expenses. The increase in property operating income can be attributed to higher ancillary income such as parking and cancellation fees, largely offset by weaker corporate demand and new supply in certain markets. The increase in property operating expenses was due primarily to higher labor costs and ground lease expense, partially offset by the reversal of a property tax liability.
Other Equity and Debt—Property operating income and expenses decreased $67.3 million and $34.6 million, respectively, comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The decreases were driven by continued sales of our non-core properties, primarily in our THL Hotel Portfolio and European portfolio, and contribution of real estate to Colony Credit on January 31, 2018. These decreases were partially offset by property operating income and expenses from a portfolio of office and industrial buildings in France that was acquired in November 2018.
Interest Income
Interest income decreased $46.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease can be attributed to our contribution of $1.3 billion of loans to Colony Credit on January 31, 2018, sale and deconsolidation of our securitization trusts in the second quarter of 2018, and continuing repayments, payoffs and sales of our loan and securities portfolio. These decreases more than offset additional loan fundings subsequent to the third quarter of 2018.

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Fee Income
Fee income is earned from the following sources:
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Institutional funds and other investment vehicles
 
$
50,283

 
$
38,169

 
$
12,114

Public companies (Colony Credit, NRE)
 
109,777

 
44,099

 
65,678

Non-traded REITs
 
15,089

 
23,846

 
(8,757
)
Other
 
3,166

 
619

 
2,547

 
 
$
178,315

 
$
106,733

 
71,582

Fee income increased $71.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, resulting from:
•
net increase of $12.1 million in fees from institutional funds and similar investment vehicles, driven by $18.5 million of fees from legacy DBH investment vehicles and Colony Latam funds, which were acquired in July and April, 2019, respectively, and higher fees from our first sponsored global credit fund and Accorinvest fund, partially offset by decreases in fees from liquidating funds;
•
termination payment of $64.6 million from NRE, inclusive of $21.5 million of incentive fees for fiscal year 2019 through termination, received upon the sale of NRE and concurrent termination of our management agreement on September 30, 2019, net of lower management fees in 2019 prior to sale compared to 2018; and
•
$2.5 million increase in other fees related to asset management and advisory services in 2019;
partially offset by:
•
approximately $4.0 million decrease in fee income from Colony Credit, which replaced fees from non-traded REITs, NorthStar I and NorthStar II beginning February 1, 2018 due to a) acquisition and disposition fees from NorthStar I and NorthStar II in 2018 prior to the closing of the Combination as such fees are excluded from the Colony Credit fee structure, and b) lower fee basis in 2019 due to a decrease in Colony Credit's stockholders' equity; and
•
approximately $2.9 million decrease in fee income from NorthStar Healthcare following a decrease in its NAV fee basis effective December 2018.
Other Income
Other income increased $28.7 million to $64.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. There were higher amounts grossed up in other income and compensation expense related to acceleration of NRE equity awards and other cash compensation paid by NRE to employees upon the sale of NRE in September 2019 totaling $25.1 million. In 2019, there were also higher cost reimbursement income in relation to investment due diligence activities and from Digital Colony Manager prior to our acquisition of the remaining interest in the joint venture in July 2019, dividend income from our interest in a mutual fund beginning in 2019, and hotel management fee income from our acquisition of a distressed hotel manager in July 2019. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in collateral management fees from N-Star CDOs, insurance recoveries in 2018 for business interruptions due to hurricanes that affected our THL Hotel Portfolio, and lower recovery income from our loan portfolios which continue to resolve over time.

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Interest Expense
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Investment-level financing:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Healthcare
 
$
150,691

 
$
143,740

 
$
6,951

Hospitality
 
124,297

 
112,501

 
11,796

Other Equity and Debt
 
88,497

 
118,062

 
(29,565
)
Investment management debt
 
1,585

 
—

 
1,585

Corporate-level debt
 
41,591

 
41,094

 
497

 
 
$
406,661

 
$
415,397

 
(8,736
)
The $8.7 million net decrease in interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 can be attributed to the following:
Healthcare—Interest expense was approximately $7.0 million higher, driven primarily by the effects of the $1.7 billion debt refinancing in June 2019, including additional interest expense recognized from, among others, deferred financing costs and prepayment penalties incurred from early repayment of debt upon sale of the underlying collateral in September 2019. Additionally, interest expense was generally higher in 2019 compared to 2018 on our variable rate debt due to higher average LIBOR.
Hospitality—Interest expense increased $11.8 million, resulting from additional debt obtained in connection with debt refinancing, the impact of higher LIBOR on variable rate debt, and higher deferred financing costs expensed as a result of the refinancing. The prior year period had included recognition of interest expense from certain debt discount that was written off in connection with debt refinancing in 2019, which partially offset the increase.
Other Equity and Debt—Interest expense decreased $29.6 million, driven by: (i) debt payoffs from continued sales and resolutions of our non-core investments, (ii) sale and deconsolidation of our securitization trusts in the second quarter of 2018, and (iii) contribution of certain assets along with their underlying debt to Colony Credit on January 31, 2018. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in interest expense from new debt acquired to finance the acquisition of a portfolio of office and industrial buildings in France in November 2018.
Investment Management Debt—This represents interest expense on the borrowing on our corporate credit facility to partially finance the DBH acquisition in July 2019.
Corporate-level Debt—Interest expense increased in the first nine months of 2019 resulting from the effect of a higher LIBOR on our junior subordinated debt, largely offset by a lower average outstanding balance on our corporate credit facility.
Investment and Servicing Expense
There was a $4.0 million net decrease in investment and servicing costs comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The decrease can be attributed mainly to lower write-offs of receivables related to retail companies, lower management fee expense in our hotel portfolio and also in our healthcare portfolio following the termination of a third party healthcare operator in October 2018, and lower bad debt expense. These decreases were partially offset by higher expenses incurred in 2019 related to our European investments, refinancing of our healthcare debt, unconsummated deals, and settlement of an employee litigation claim in our THL Hotel Portfolio.
Transaction Costs
Transaction costs of $2.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to our acquisitions of DBH, the Latin American investment management business of The Abraaj Group, a hotel manager and a hotel portfolio in France through a joint venture. Transaction costs of $3.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 related mainly to an investment in Spain.
Placement Fees
Immaterial placement fees were incurred in connection with our open-end industrial fund and our new global credit fund in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, while $6.5 million was incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 related to fundraising for our co-investment vehicle in AccorInvest.

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Depreciation and Amortization
There was a net increase of $47.8 million in depreciation and amortization comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, which can be attributed mainly to: (i) accelerated amortization of the NRE management contract beginning in December 2018 through closing of the NRE sale in September 2019, (ii) acquisition of a portfolio of office and industrial buildings in France in November 2018, and (iii) amortization of management contracts, customer relationships and trade name acquired from DBH in July 2019. These increases were mostly offset by non-core properties sold or transferred to held for sale and a decrease in amortization of the NorthStar trade name upon write-off in June 2019.
Provision for Loan Losses
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Non-PCI loans
 
$
30,035

 
$
7,950

 
$
22,085

PCI loans
 
5,812

 
19,183

 
(13,371
)
Total provision for loan losses
 
$
35,847

 
$
27,133

 
8,714

Provision for loan losses in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to two non-PCI loans due to increased uncertainty over our ability to realize our investment due to a prolonged and complicated foreclosure process. A subordinated mezzanine position secured by an underperforming regional mall was fully reserved during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to uncertainty that the collateral value would be sufficient to satisfy any portion of our loan. We also increased the loan loss provision on a land development loan to reflect a lower estimated fair value of the collateral. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, provision for loan losses was driven by write-downs on certain securitized loans prior to the sale of our interest in the securitization trust that resulted in a deconsolidation of the trust in June 2018 and a loan in maturity default as it relates to non-PCI loans, and sales of PCI loans.
Of the total provision for loan losses, $10.7 million and $15.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities.
Impairment Loss
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Healthcare
 
$
144,209

 
$
5,488

 
$
138,721

Hospitality
 
35,825

 
61,865

 
(26,040
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
107,533

 
23,687

 
83,846

Investment Management
 
387,000

 
207,741

 
179,259

Unallocated
 
649

 
—

 
649

 
 
$
675,216

 
$
298,781

 
376,435

Healthcare—Impairment in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 arose from (i) a shortfall in the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by these properties using a shorter holding period assumption in comparison to their carrying values, and written down based upon offer prices received by the Company, with such properties not having met all the criteria to be classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2019; (ii) a negotiated purchase option exercised by a tenant on three hospitals; and (iii) offers received on certain net lease properties. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, impairment was recorded based upon sales prices and on properties with hurricane-related damage from 2017.
Hospitality—In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, impairment was recorded based upon shortened hold periods on two hotels in Pennsylvania and unfavorable operating performance on a hotel in Houston. Additional impairment net of $2.3 million reversal was also recorded in 2019 based upon final net proceeds from certain hotel sales. The hotels sold in 2019 were initially impaired in the third quarter of 2018 when we adopted a sales strategy.
Other Equity and Debt—Impairment was $83.8 million higher at $107.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period last year. The increase resulted from additional impairments based upon final sales and revised expected sales prices in the current market, primarily on our real estate portfolios in the United Kingdom and Italy, and multi-tenant office properties in the United States.
Investment Management—In the third quarter of 2019, $387.0 million impairment was taken on the investment management goodwill, driven primarily by loss of future fee income that is expected to result from the pending sale of its

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industrial business and the amendment of Colony Credit's management agreement to reduce the fee base to reflect Colony Credit's reduced book value.
Impairment in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was related predominantly to the write-off of (i) NorthStar I and NorthStar II management contract intangibles totaling $139.0 million as these contracts were terminated upon closing of the Combination on January 31, 2018; (ii) NorthStar/RXR NY Metro management contract intangible of approximately $1.4 million upon the termination of its offering period effective March 31, 2018; (iii) write-off of the NorthStar trade name of $59.5 million; and (iv) $7.0 million impairment of the NorthStar Healthcare management contract intangible based upon updated NAV.
Unallocated—Impairment was recorded on an office operating lease asset in the second quarter of 2019.
Of the $675.2 million and $298.8 million of total impairment in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, $96.5 million and $18.3 million were attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities, respectively.
Compensation Expense
The following table provides the components of compensation expense.
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Cash compensation and benefits
 
$
103,849

 
$
108,178

 
$
(4,329
)
Equity-based compensation
 
22,916

 
28,008

 
(5,092
)
Incentive and carried interest compensation
 
13,264

 
1,535

 
11,729

 
 
140,029

 
137,721

 
2,308

Compensation grossed up in income and expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
NRE related cash compensation
 
3,576

 
—

 
3,576

Equity-based compensation—NRE and CLNC awards
 
30,649

 
7,899

 
22,750

 
 
34,225

 
7,899

 
26,326

Total compensation expense
 
$
174,254

 
$
145,620

 
28,634

Compensation expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 included incremental compensation related to NRE, specifically:
•
$26.1 million of gross up of compensation costs included in other income and compensation expense in the third quarter of 2019, attributed to the acceleration of NRE equity awards held by certain employees upon the sale of NRE and other cash compensation for termination and retention benefits paid by NRE to certain employees of the Company at closing;
•
severance payments of $11.4 million upon the sale of NRE; and
•
$10.8 million of incentive compensation, representing 50% of incentive income from NRE, which was realized upon termination of our management contract concurrent with the sale of NRE, that was allocated to senior management, investment professionals and certain employees.
On the other hand, the nine months ended September 30, 2018 included (i) $13.0 million of incremental compensation related to the Merger, of which $9.5 million was severance costs and $3.3 million was equity-based compensation in connection with awards granted to certain NSAM executives that vested one year from closing of the Merger; and (ii) $1.9 million of severance costs related to contribution of our broker-dealer business to a joint venture.
Excluding the above items, compensation costs decreased $3.7 million comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 driven by cost savings resulting from a decrease in headcount following the Company's corporate restructuring beginning in November 2018, which more than offset additional compensation expense following our acquisitions of the Colony Latam platform in April 2019, DBH and a distressed hotel manager in July 2019.
Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses were $64.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a $4.8 million decrease from the same period in 2018, attributable to our ongoing cost reduction initiatives, partially offset by additional expenses in connection with businesses acquired in 2019.

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Gain on Sale of Real Estate
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Healthcare
 
$
833

 
$
—

 
$
833

Hospitality
 
279

 
—

 
279

Other Equity and Debt
 
42,642

 
91,869

 
(49,227
)
 
 
$
43,754

 
$
91,869

 
(48,115
)
Healthcare—A gain of $0.8 million was recorded based upon final proceeds from the sale in September 2019 of a net lease portfolio that had been previously impaired.
Hospitality—Gain on sale in 2019 pertained to proceeds received on a parcel of land in Virginia subject to eminent domain and based upon final proceeds from the sale of a hotel in Georgia that had been previously impaired.
Other Equity and Debt—Sales of our European properties resulted in higher gains in the prior year period, while the current year period also included gains from the sale of our U.S. multi-tenant offices that had been previously impaired.
Gain on sale of $39.9 million and $34.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities.
Equity Method Earnings (Losses)
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Colony Credit
 
$
(254,420
)
 
$
(17,721
)
 
$
(236,699
)
Other Equity and Debt
 
85,952

 
59,501

 
26,451

Investment Management (including $6,258 and $3,837 of carried interest, respectively)
 
(3,722
)
 
(3,605
)
 
(117
)
 
 
$
(172,190
)
 
$
38,175

 
(210,365
)
Colony Credit—In June 2019, we wrote down our investment in Colony Credit by $227.9 million given the prolonged period of time the carrying value of our investment in Colony Credit has exceeded its market value. The impairment was measured as the excess of carrying value over fair value of our investment based on Colony Credit's closing stock price on June 28, 2019, the last trading day of the second quarter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we also recorded our share of net loss of $26.5 million and $17.7 million, respectively.
Other Equity and Debt—Equity method earnings increased $26.5 million comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, driven by $12.4 million gain from the sale of NRE, income new ADC loan originations and additional fundings, gains from sale of underlying real estate by an investee and sales of investments that were incurring losses or were impaired in the prior year period. These increases were partially offset by repayments of our preferred equity investments, sales of investments and write-down of an investment based upon recoverable value of its underlying real estate.
Investment Management—Equity method losses in both periods were driven by impairment charges, partially offset by unrealized carried interest allocation from our sponsored and/or co-sponsored investment vehicles and management fees from the Digital Colony Manager joint venture prior to its consolidation in July 2019.
Other Gain (Loss), Net
We recognized a loss of $183.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to a gain of $133.7 million in the same period in 2018, resulting primarily from the following items:
•
$237.6 million loss in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $108.8 million gain in the same period in 2018 on a non-designated interest rate swap assumed through the Merger which was intended to hedge future refinancing risk on certain NRF mortgage debt. $1.2 billion of the $2.0 billion notional amount on the swap was settled in the third quarter of 2019. In October 2019, the Company terminated the remaining position for a net settlement of $141.2 million that is expected to be paid in December 2019;
•
Various non-recurring gains recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, including:

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•
$9.9 million gain in connection with the Combination, which represents the excess of fair value over carrying value of the Company's equity interest in the CLNY Investment Entities, retained through the Company’s interest in Colony Credit; and
•
$10.9 million gain from deconsolidation of N-Star CDOs.
The above items which had an unfavorable impact to the first nine months of 2019 compared to 2018 were partially offset by a $51.4 million gain from remeasurement of our 50% interest in Digital Colony Manager upon closing of the DBH acquisition (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements).
Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
We recorded income tax expense of $13.8 million and income tax benefit of $35.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The income tax expense in 2019 arose primarily from a gain recognized on the remeasurement of our preexisting interest in Digital Colony Manager upon the acquisition of DBH. In contrast, the income tax benefit in 2018 resulted primarily from write-off of deferred tax liabilities in connection with management contract write-offs for NorthStar I and NorthStar II as the contracts were terminated upon closing of the Combination and for NorthStar RXR/NY Metro upon termination of its offering period.  
Income from Discontinued Operations
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating income
 
$
270,161

 
$
213,544

 
$
56,617

Fee income
 
8,849

 
5,088

 
3,761

Interest and other income
 
3,822

 
2,774

 
1,048

Revenues from discontinued operations
 
282,832

 
221,406

 
61,426

Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operating expense
 
74,058

 
63,862

 
10,196

Interest expense
 
55,482

 
31,918

 
23,564

Investment and servicing expense
 
592

 
304

 
288

Depreciation and amortization
 
97,147

 
95,930

 
1,217

Impairment loss
 
—

 
948

 
(948
)
Compensation expense—cash and equity-based
 
10,253

 
7,284

 
2,969

Compensation expense—carried interest
 
18,136

 
3,852

 
14,284

Administrative expenses
 
3,976

 
3,248

 
728

Expenses from discontinued operations
 
259,644

 
207,346

 
52,298

Other income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gain from sale of real estate
 
28,070

 
4,397

 
23,673

Other loss, net
 
(69
)
 
—

 
(69
)
Equity method earnings, including carried interest
 
35,121

 
9,763

 
25,358

Income from discontinued operations before income taxes
 
86,310

 
28,220

 
58,090

Income tax expense
 
(171
)
 
(120
)
 
(51
)
Income from discontinued operations
 
$
86,139

 
$
28,100

 
58,039

All of discontinued operations for 2019 and most of discontinued operations for 2018 represent the results of operations of the industrial segment and the associated management platform, and include property operations, fee income, equity method earnings from the Company's general partner interest in the industrial open-end fund, and related compensation expense.
The first half of 2018 also includes loss from discontinued operations of $0.1 million related to certain properties in the THL Hotel Portfolio acquired in July 2017 that qualified as held for sale at the time of foreclosure. Such properties were fully disposed of in the second quarter of 2018.
Income from discontinued operations increased $58.0 million comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, attributed primarily to the following:
•
Property operating income and expense were $56.6 million and $10.2 million higher, respectively, resulting from continued growth in our industrial portfolio as acquisitions outpaced dispositions, in particular, the acquisition of a

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$1.1 billion portfolio of 50 properties in February 2019. At September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, our industrial portfolio consisted of 456 and 406 buildings, respectively, with a net addition of 50 buildings and 12.7 million rentable square feet.
•
There was a minimal increase in depreciation and amortization expense of $1.2 million as additional expense resulting from continued growth in the portfolio was mostly offset by a cessation of real estate depreciation beginning the third quarter of 2019 upon classification of the industrial business as held for sale.
•
The positive property operating results were partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $23.6 million as we obtained $952 million of additional debt to fund new acquisitions in the first nine months of 2019, along with additional drawdowns from our industrial revolver, which capacity was expanded from $400 million to $600 million. As a result, we also incurred higher deferred financing costs and higher unused fees on the revolver. These increases, however, were partially offset by higher capitalization of interest on development projects in 2019.
•
Cash and equity-based compensation was also higher, driven by compensatory arrangements with employees of the industrial segment in order to retain their employment through completion of the sale of the industrial business.
•
In connection with managing third party capital in our sponsored open-end industrial fund, fee income, calculated based on net asset value of the fund, was $3.8 million higher as a result of additional capital raised and appreciation in value of our industrial properties. Additionally, there was a significant increase of $25.4 million in carried interest recognized between the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019 included in equity method earnings due to a significant increase in the net asset value of the fund that reflects the expected sales proceeds pursuant to definitive sale agreements for the industrial business. Correspondingly, carried interest compensation increased $14.3 million, which also included the effects of an adjustment to the employee sharing percentage approved by the compensation committee in 2019.
Preferred Stock Redemption
In the second quarter of 2018, $4.0 million was recorded to decrease net loss attributable to common stockholders, which amount represent the excess of carrying value over the redemption price of $25.00 per share of Series D preferred stock that was redeemed in full. The excess was due to the fact that the Series D preferred stock carrying value included a premium that was recognized when we assumed Series D preferred stock based upon its trading price at the closing of the Merger.
Segments
The following discussion summarizes key information on each of our six segments.
Healthcare
Our healthcare segment is composed of a diverse portfolio of senior housing, skilled nursing facilities, medical office buildings and hospitals. We earn rental income from our senior housing, skilled nursing facilities and hospital assets that are under net leases to single tenants/operators and from medical office buildings which are both single tenant and multi-tenant. In addition, we also earn resident fee income from senior housing properties that are managed by operators under a RIDEA structure, which effectively allows us to gain financial exposure to the underlying operations of the facility in a tax efficient manner versus receiving contractual rent under a net lease arrangement.
At September 30, 2019, our interest in our healthcare segment was 71%.
Portfolio Overview
Our healthcare portfolio is located across 32 states domestically and 14% of our portfolio (based upon NOI) is in the United Kingdom.
The following table presents key balance sheet data of our healthcare segment:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Real estate
 
 
 
 
Held for investment
 
$
4,497,753

 
$
4,995,298

Held for sale
 
159,498

 
—

Debt
 
2,913,811

 
3,213,992


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The following table presents selected operating metrics of our healthcare segment:
 
 
Number of Properties(2)
 
Capacity
 
Average Occupancy(1)
 
Average Remaining Lease Term (Years)
September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior housing—operating
 
83

 
6,388 units
 
85.3
%
 
N/A

Medical office buildings
 
106

 
3.8 million sq. ft.
 
82.2
%
 
4.6

Net lease—senior housing
 
81

 
4,231 units
 
80.5
%
 
11.0

Net lease—skilled nursing facilities
 
89

 
10,601 beds
 
82.5
%
 
5.7

Net lease—hospitals
 
12

 
872 beds
 
58.3
%
 
9.4

Total
 
371

 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior housing—operating
 
83

 
6,388 units
 
86.8
%
 
 N/A

Medical office buildings
 
106

 
3.8 million sq. ft.
 
82.3
%
 
4.5

Net lease—senior housing
 
81

 
4,231 units
 
82.1
%
 
11.7

Net lease—skilled nursing facilities
 
98

 
11,829 beds
 
82.4
%
 
5.9

Net lease—hospitals
 
12

 
872 beds
 
58.1
%
 
9.7

Total
 
380

 
 
 
 
 
 
__________
(1) 
Occupancy represents property operator's patient occupancy for all types except medical office buildings. Average occupancy is based upon the number of units, beds or square footage by type of facility. Occupancy percentage is as of the last day of the quarter presented for medical office buildings, average of the quarter presented for senior housing—operating, and average of the prior quarter for net lease properties.
(2) 
Data as of December 31, 2018 has been revised to reflect number of properties (previously number of buildings) to conform to current period presentation.
Revenue mix of our healthcare portfolio weighted by net operating income ("NOI") for the twelve months ended June 30, 2019 (as our operators report on a quarter lag) was as follows:
Payor Sources
 
Revenue Mix % (1)
Private Pay
 
61
%
Medicaid
 
30
%
Medicare
 
9
%
Total
 
100
%
__________
(1) 
Excludes two operating partners who do not track or report payor source data.
Dispositions
At September 30, 2019, real estate properties with aggregate carrying value of $159.5 million were held for sale, comprising a portfolio of net lease senior housing with 292 units that is financed with $31.1 million of debt and three hospitals that are unencumbered.
In the third quarter of 2019, we sold a portfolio of skilled nursing facilities under net leases totaling 1,228 beds for gross proceeds of $102.0 million and paid off $58.7 million of associated debt in our effort to monetize non-core assets.
Financing
At September 30, 2019, our healthcare portfolio was financed by $2.95 billion of outstanding debt principal, of which $0.4 billion was fixed and $2.55 billion was variable rate debt, bearing a combined weighted average interest rate of 5.48%.
Through October 2019, we refinanced an aggregate of $2.21 billion of debt principal, which collectively addressed all material near term healthcare real estate loan maturities, extending their maturities through 2024 (including extension options). Previous default due to debt and/or lease coverage ratios on two of the refinanced debt have been cured.
Our completed refinancings during 2019 included $1.725 billion of non-recourse fixed rate mortgage debt on certain properties in our U.S. healthcare portfolio, which was paid in full with proceeds from a new secured debt, and $250 million of new equity contribution, of which $174 million was funded by us and remainder by our equity partners in the portfolio. The new $1.515 billion interest-only debt consists of $1.025 billion first mortgage debt and $490 million mezzanine debt, has an initial two year term with three one-year extension options and carries a blended interest rate of one-month LIBOR plus 3.33%. The underlying collateral for the new debt includes 158 U.S. healthcare properties or 189 buildings consisting

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of medical office buildings, senior housing properties, skilled nursing facilities and hospitals, but excludes certain assets that were collateral for the previous debt.
Performance
Results of operations of our healthcare segment were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Total revenues
 
$
136,091

 
$
147,907

 
$
427,761

 
$
445,921

Net loss attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(82,763
)
 
(12,197
)
 
(148,841
)
 
(36,913
)
Net Operating Income
NOI generated by our healthcare segment, in total and by portfolio, was as follows. NOI is reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure in "—Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures."
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Total revenues
 
$
136,091

 
$
147,907

 
$
427,761

 
$
445,921

Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles and ground lease asset
 
1,235

 
(5,140
)
 
(8,809
)
 
(11,039
)
Other income
 
—

 
—

 
(36
)
 
—

Property operating expenses (1)
 
(66,042
)
 
(66,298
)
 
(194,268
)
 
(203,247
)
NOI—Healthcare
 
$
71,284

 
$
76,469

 
$
224,648

 
$
231,635

__________
(1) 
Fees paid to third parties for property management are included in property operating expenses.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Change
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
Senior housing—operating
 
$
15,612

 
$
16,464

 
$
(852
)
 
(5.2
)%
 
$
49,415

 
$
50,706

 
$
(1,291
)
 
(2.5
)%
Medical office buildings
 
12,923

 
13,386

 
(463
)
 
(3.5
)%
 
38,828

 
43,655

 
(4,827
)
 
(11.1
)%
Net lease—senior housing
 
14,103

 
15,294

 
(1,191
)
 
(7.8
)%
 
44,772

 
45,316

 
(544
)
 
(1.2
)%
Net lease—skilled nursing facilities
 
25,477

 
26,257

 
(780
)
 
(3.0
)%
 
78,116

 
77,161

 
955

 
1.2
 %
Net lease—hospitals
 
3,169

 
5,068

 
(1,899
)
 
(37.5
)%
 
13,517

 
14,797

 
(1,280
)
 
(8.7
)%
NOI—Healthcare
 
$
71,284

 
$
76,469

 
(5,185
)
 
(6.8
)%
 
$
224,648

 
$
231,635

 
(6,987
)
 
(3.0
)%
For the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, NOI was lower by $5.2 million or 6.8%, largely due to a reversal of uncollected current rent receivables on our net lease properties and medical office buildings, with rents related to those leases recognized on a cash basis beginning the third quarter of 2019. Additionally, NOI on our senior housing operating portfolio decreased as a result of increased costs, primarily labor costs, without offsetting revenue absorption due to increased competition.
Comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, NOI was lower by $7.0 million or 3.0%, largely due to a non-recurring termination fee received from an early lease termination in our medical office building portfolio in 2018. We also incurred higher bad debt expense and higher property level legal and marketing costs in 2019, partially offset by lower property management fees following the termination of a third party management contract in October 2018. Additionally, NOI on our senior housing operating portfolio was affected by higher labor costs, without offsetting revenue absorption due to increased competition.
Industrial
In September 2019, we entered into definitive agreements for the sale of our light industrial portfolio and the related management platform for an aggregate gross sales price of approximately $5.7 billion, which is expected to generate a significant gain, and is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2019, subject to customary closing conditions. This agreement now excludes our bulk industrial portfolio for which we are in the process of negotiating a sale separately with another third party. However, no assurances can be made that these sales can be completed within the time frame contemplated, or on the terms anticipated, or at all.

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As previously discussed, the operating results of the industrial business are presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations, and the related assets and liabilities are presented as assets and liabilities held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets.
Our industrial segment is primarily composed of light industrial assets throughout the U.S. Our light industrial strategy is to pursue accretive asset acquisitions, capturing the benefits of scale as one of the few institutional investors primarily focused on the fragmented light industrial sector. Light industrial buildings are generally multi-tenant buildings up to 250,000 square feet with an office build-out of less than 20%. They are typically located in supply constrained locations and serve as the “last mile” of the logistics chain, which are vital for e-commerce and tenants that require increasingly quick delivery times by providing smaller industrial distribution spaces located closer to a company's customer base. They are designed to meet the local and regional distribution needs of businesses of every size, from large international to local and regional firms.
In addition, in February 2019, we acquired six bulk industrial buildings, which are warehouses generally greater than 500,000 square feet, and are stabilizing the existing portfolio.
Our investment in the industrial portfolio is made alongside third party limited partners through joint ventures, composed of sponsored and managed partnerships, including an open end industrial fund for our light portfolio. We also have a wholly owned industrial operating platform which provides vertical integration from acquisitions and development to asset management and property management.
Capitalization
Light Industrial—At September 30, 2019, we owned 33.6% of our light industrial platform based upon net asset value through our capital contributions totaling $749.2 million. Our ownership interest decreased from 35.3% at December 31, 2018 as we continued to expand our light industrial platform through third party capital, with $141.7 million of additional capital closed in the first quarter of 2019, bringing total third party capital to $1.66 billion at September 30, 2019. Additional fundraising is currently on hold in contemplation of the sale of the industrial business.
Bulk Industrial—We own 51% of our bulk industrial portfolio through a capital contribution of $72.5 million, with the remaining $70.0 million of capital contributed by a third-party institutional investor for a 49% interest in a newly formed joint venture.
Portfolio Overview
Our industrial portfolio is well-diversified with 57.4 million square feet of light industrial and 4.2 million square feet of bulk industrial, aggregating to over 1,000 tenants across 27 major U.S. markets, with significant concentrations (based upon NOI) in Atlanta (12%) and Dallas (12%).
The following table presents key balance sheet data of our industrial segment, which are classified as held for sale:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Real estate
 
$
4,240,742

 
$
2,793,004

Debt
 
2,131,497

 
1,064,585

We present and discuss below certain key metrics related to our industrial portfolio:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Number of Buildings (1)
 
Rentable Square Feet
(in thousands)
 
Leased %
 
Average Remaining Lease Term (Years)
 
Number of Buildings
 
Rentable Square Feet
(in thousands)
 
Leased %
 
Average Remaining Lease Term (Years)
Light industrial
 
450

 
57,403

 
90.9
%
 
3.9

 
400

 
48,526

 
94.5
%
 
3.8

Bulk industrial
 
6

 
4,183

 
67.4
%
 
11.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
 
456

 
61,586

 
89.3
%
 
4.3

 
400

 
48,526

 
94.5
%
 
3.8

_________
(1) 
Includes five buildings for which development was completed in 2019.
•
At September 30, 2019, as it relates to our total portfolio, 78.0% of our tenants (based upon leased square feet) were international and national companies, with the top ten tenants making up 8.1% of our portfolio based upon annualized base rent.
•
Leased percentage for our light industrial portfolio declined from 94.5% at December 31, 2018 to 90.9% at September 30, 2019, driven largely by vacancy in new acquisitions. The market for light industrial space continues to experience capacity constraints and is driving rental rate growth and strong tenant demand, with

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initial rental rates on new and renewed leases commencing in 2019 (excluding leases less than 12 months) experiencing a 9.1% growth compared to prior ending rents (on a cash basis).
•
At September 30, 2019, no more than 14.9% of existing leases by square footage in our total portfolio was scheduled to expire in any single year over the next ten years.
•
Acquisitions and dispositions in 2019 are summarized below.
 
 
Number of Buildings
 
Rentable Square Feet
(in thousands)
 
Weighted Average Leased % At Acquisition
 
Purchase Price (1)
(in thousands)
 
Gross Sales Price
(in thousands)
 
Realized Gain
(in thousands)
Acquisitions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Light industrial
 
84

 
10,325

 
75
%
 
$
1,135,157

 
NA

 
NA

Bulk industrial
 
6

 
4,183

 
67
%
 
373,182

 
NA

 
NA

 
 
90

 
14,508

 
 
 
$
1,508,339

 
 
 
 
Dispositions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Light industrial
 
39

 
2,494

 
NA

 
NA

 
$
142,172

 
$
28,070

_________
(1)
Purchase price reflects capitalized transaction costs. Acquisitions include five land parcels totaling $20.8 million for co-development with operating partners.
•
A significant value-add portfolio of 50 buildings was acquired in February 2019 at a purchase price of approximately $1.1 billion. The portfolio is located across 10 markets, totaling approximately 11.1 million square feet and averaged 73.4% leased at the time of purchase. Forty-four buildings are light industrial, while the remaining six buildings are bulk industrial. We acquired three additional light industrial buildings within the same portfolio in the third quarter of 2019 totaling 519,100 square feet for $78.7 million (excluding transaction costs) upon completion of construction, with the acquisition of another light industrial building pending completion of construction in the fourth quarter of 2019.
In June 2019, we acquired a portfolio of 30 fully leased light industrial buildings in New Jersey, including two land parcels, for $192.0 million (excluding transaction costs), totaling 1.3 million square feet.
•
As of September 30, 2019, we have funded $5.4 million with remaining unfunded purchase commitment of $58.4 million for the acquisition of three light industrial buildings which are under construction, aggregating 0.8 million square feet.
Financing
At September 30, 2019, we have outstanding debt at total carrying value of $2.1 billion, bearing a weighted average interest rate of 3.72%, with a weighted average remaining maturity of 7.6 years.
In connection with our light industrial portfolio acquisition in February 2019, we obtained a $500 million floating rate, five-year term loan, of which $300 million is fixed through the use of interest rate swaps. We replaced our existing $400 million revolver with a $600 million revolver having a four-year initial term. The combined financing is unsecured, supported by an unencumbered asset pool within the light industrial portfolio and is non-recourse to the Company. We also closed on a $235 million first mortgage debt secured by the bulk industrial portfolio.
Additionally, in June 2019, we obtained a $100 million fixed rate loan to finance the acquisition of our 30 building light industrial portfolio in New Jersey, and in July 2019, we obtained another $112 million fixed rate loan to finance an acquisition and pay down our revolver.
All outstanding debt financing our light industrial assets is expected to be assumed by the buyer or extinguished concurrent with closing of the sale of our light industrial business.
Performance
Results of operations of our industrial segment, presented as part of discontinued operations, were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Total revenues
 
$
98,642

 
$
73,902

 
$
273,983

 
$
215,132

Net income attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
10,263

 
1,001

 
13,556

 
3,089


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Same Store Property Operating Income and Expense
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change
Industrial: (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Same store property operating income
 
$
61,447

 
$
60,136

 
2.2
 %
 
$
183,816

 
$
182,783

 
0.6
 %
Same store property operating expenses
 
17,240

 
17,444

 
(1.2
)%
 
52,591

 
53,447

 
(1.6
)%
__________
(1)  
The same store portfolio is defined once a year at the beginning of the current calendar year and includes buildings that were owned and stabilized throughout the entirety of both the current and prior years. Stabilized properties are properties held for more than one year or that are greater than 90% leased. Properties acquired or disposed after the same store portfolio is determined are excluded. Our same store portfolio consisted of 311 buildings for both the quarter-to-date and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
On a same store basis, there was a marginal increase in property operating income and a marginal decrease in property operating expenses comparing both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Average same store occupancy decreased in both the quarter-to-date period (from 94.8% to 94.4% in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively) and year-to-date period (from 95.0% to 94.4% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2019, respectively), largely reflecting natural tenant turnover in a stabilized portfolio, which generally averages approximately 93.6% occupancy.
The comparison of property operating income and expense was affected by adoption of the new lease accounting standard in 2019, pursuant to which property taxes and insurance paid directly to third parties by tenants or operators are no longer recognized on a gross basis in income and expense.
The increase in income can be attributed to higher base rents, which offset both the slightly lower average occupancy rate, and the netting of property taxes and insurance in 2019. In comparing both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the same periods in 2018, excluding the netting of property taxes and insurance in 2018, property operating expenses would have increased marginally. While 2018 included additional cost for bad debts, this cost was offset by higher expenses incurred in 2019, primarily repair and maintenance costs.
Net Operating Income
NOI generated by our industrial segment was determined as follows. NOI is reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP figure in "—Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures."
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
(In thousands)
 
Light Industrial
 
Bulk Industrial
 
Total
 
Light Industrial
Total revenues
 
$
93,628

 
$
5,014

 
$
98,642

 
$
73,902

Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles and ground lease asset
 
(4,039
)
 
(479
)
 
(4,518
)
 
(3,012
)
Interest income
 
(231
)
 
(9
)
 
(240
)
 
(107
)
Property operating expenses
 
(24,990
)
 
(1,061
)
 
(26,051
)
 
(21,409
)
Compensation and administrative expense (1)
 
(1,042
)
 
—

 
(1,042
)
 
(387
)
NOI—Industrial
 
$
63,326

 
$
3,465

 
$
66,791

 
$
48,987

 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(In thousands)
 
Light Industrial
 
Bulk Industrial
 
Total
 
Light Industrial
Total revenues
 
$
262,419

 
$
11,564

 
$
273,983

 
$
215,132

Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles and ground lease asset
 
(10,645
)
 
(1,171
)
 
(11,816
)
 
(7,863
)
Interest income
 
(530
)
 
(9
)
 
(539
)
 
(701
)
Property operating expenses
 
(71,351
)
 
(2,707
)
 
(74,058
)
 
(62,703
)
Compensation and administrative expense (1)
 
(2,701
)
 
—

 
(2,701
)
 
(1,166
)
NOI—Industrial
 
$
177,192

 
$
7,677

 
$
184,869

 
$
142,699

__________

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(1) 
Compensation and administrative costs of employees engaged in property management and operations are included in compensation and administrative expenses.
The increase in total NOI comparing the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $17.8 million (or 36.3%) as well as the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $42.2 million (or 29.6%) reflects the continued growth of our portfolio, with net increase in total rentable square feet of 61.6 million, taking into account both acquisitions and dispositions during the period. The six buildings under the bulk portfolio were 67.4% occupied and contributed $3.5 million in NOI for the third quarter of 2019 and $7.7 million in NOI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. In the light portfolio, although average occupancy decreased (from 92.0% to 90.2% in the three month periods and from 92.8% to 90.9% in the nine month periods) due mainly to vacancy in newly acquired value-add properties, the overall increase in revenues from new acquisitions, however, more than offset corresponding increase in property operating expenses.
Hospitality
Our hotel portfolio consists primarily of extended stay hotels and premium branded select service hotels located in both major metropolitan markets and high-demand suburban markets throughout the U.S. The majority of our hotels are affiliated with top hotel brands such as Marriott and Hilton. We seek to achieve value optimization through capital improvements, asset management and as appropriate, opportunistic asset sales.
At September 30, 2019, we owned 94% of our hospitality segment.
Portfolio Overview
Our hotel portfolio is located across 26 states in the U.S., with concentrations (based upon NOI before FF&E Reserve) in California (16.8%), Texas (9.5%) and Florida (8.4%).
The following table presents key balance sheet data of our hospitality segment:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Real estate
 
 
 
 
Held for investment
 
$
3,593,772

 
$
3,668,824

Held for sale
 
—

 
69,699

Debt
 
2,623,383

 
2,603,599

A majority of our portfolio is affiliated with top hotel brands. Composition of our hotel portfolio by brand at September 30, 2019 is as follows:
Brands
 
% by Rooms
Marriott
 
78
%
Hilton
 
17
%
Hyatt
 
4
%
Intercontinental
 
1
%
Total
 
100
%
The following table presents selected operating metrics of our hotel portfolio:
 
 
September 30,
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Type
 
Number of Hotel Properties
 
Number of Rooms
 
Average Occupancy
 
ADR (1)
 
RevPAR (2)
 
Average Occupancy
 
ADR (1)
 
RevPAR (2)
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Select service
 
88

 
11,886

 
76.2
%
 
$
124

 
$
95

 
73.0
%
 
$
126

 
$
92

Extended stay
 
66

 
7,936

 
83.5
%
 
137

 
114

 
80.2
%
 
134

 
108

Full service
 
4

 
966

 
74.1
%
 
159

 
118

 
74.1
%
 
166

 
123

Total
 
158

 
20,788

 
78.8
%
 
131

 
103

 
75.7
%
 
131

 
99

2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Select service
 
97

 
13,193

 
77.7
%
 
$
127

 
$
99

 
73.1
%
 
$
125

 
$
91

Extended stay
 
66

 
7,936

 
82.9
%
 
136

 
113

 
78.6
%
 
133

 
104

Full service
 
4

 
962

 
77.3
%
 
166

 
128

 
72.5
%
 
173

 
126

Total
 
167

 
22,091

 
79.6
%
 
132

 
105

 
75.0
%
 
130

 
98

_________
(1) 
Average daily rate ("ADR") is calculated by dividing room revenue by total rooms sold.

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(2) 
RevPAR is calculated by dividing room revenue by room nights available for the period.
Dispositions
In the first three quarters of 2019, we sold nine properties in our select service hotel portfolio totaling 1,308 rooms for aggregate gross sales proceeds of $70 million in our effort to monetize non-core assets.
Financing
At September 30, 2019, our hotel portfolio was financed by $2.7 billion of predominantly variable rate debt, bearing a weighted average interest rate of 5.18%.
In February 2019, we refinanced an aggregate $115.5 million of debt principal, extending their maturities to March 2021 with three one-year extension options.
Performance
Results of operations of our hospitality segment were as follows.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Total revenues
 
$
218,378

 
$
224,384

 
$
642,073

 
$
649,539

Net loss attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(28,359
)
 
(62,900
)
 
(54,670
)
 
(67,183
)
Net Operating Income before Reserves for Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment ("NOI before FF&E Reserve")
NOI before FF&E Reserve for our hospitality segment, in total and by type, was as follows, and is reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP figure in "—Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures."
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Total revenues
 
$
218,378

 
$
224,384

 
$
642,073

 
$
649,539

Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles and ground lease asset
 
314

 
(6
)
 
940

 
(19
)
Interest income
 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
 
—

Other income
 
(69
)
 
—

 
(72
)
 
(556
)
Property operating expenses (1)
 
(141,235
)
 
(146,440
)
 
(422,271
)
 
(425,856
)
NOI before FF&E Reserve—Hospitality
 
$
77,388

 
$
77,938

 
$
220,664

 
$
223,108

__________
(1) 
Fees paid to third parties for hotel management are included in property operating expenses.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Change
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
 
2019
 
2018
 
$
 
%
Select service
 
$
40,143

 
$
40,164

 
$
(21
)
 
(0.1
)%
 
$
120,025

 
$
120,632

 
$
(607
)
 
(0.5
)%
Extended stay
 
34,195

 
34,614

 
(419
)
 
(1.2
)%
 
89,765

 
91,081

 
(1,316
)
 
(1.4
)%
Full service
 
3,050

 
3,160

 
(110
)
 
(3.5
)%
 
10,874

 
11,395

 
(521
)
 
(4.6
)%
NOI before FF&E Reserve—Hospitality
 
$
77,388

 
$
77,938

 
$
(550
)
 
(0.7
)%
 
$
220,664

 
$
223,108

 
$
(2,444
)
 
(1.1
)%
NOI before FF&E Reserve decreased $0.6 million and $2.4 million comparing the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, due to the sales of nine hotels in 2019. Excluding the effect of the sales, there would have been a slight increase in NOI before FF&E Reserve in both periods. The 2019 periods benefited from higher ancillary income such as parking and cancellation fees, and reversal of a property tax liability, however, these items were largely offset by weaker corporate demand, new supply in certain markets, and higher costs, primarily labor and ground lease expense.
Colony Credit
At September 30, 2019, we have a 36.4% interest (on a fully diluted basis) in Colony Credit.
In June 2019, in connection with the preparation and review of the financial statements, we wrote down our investment in Colony Credit by $227.9 million due to the prolonged period of time the carrying value of our investment in

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Colony Credit had exceeded its market value. The impairment was measured based on Colony Credit's closing stock price of $15.50 per share on June 28, 2019, the last trading day of the second quarter, recorded as part of equity method loss. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, our share of net income was $8.0 million, which excludes our share of loan loss provision and impairment charges recorded by Colony Credit that was applied to reduce the basis difference between the carrying value of our investment in Colony Credit and our proportionate share of Colony Credit's book value (see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements). We recorded net losses of $19.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and $26.5 million and $17.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, resulting from loan loss provision and real estate impairments recorded by Colony Credit.
Other Equity and Debt
Our other equity and debt segment consists of a diversified group of strategic and non-strategic real estate and real estate-related debt and equity investments. Our interests in other equity and debt assets are held as direct interests as well as indirect interests through unconsolidated ventures. Strategic investments include our co-investments as a general partner and/or manager alongside third party capital that we raised and manage for investment management economics in the form of real estate, loans receivable and equity investments, including through direct limited partnership interests in our sponsored funds. Non-strategic investments include net lease, multifamily and multi-tenant office properties, the THL Hotel Portfolio, our interest in a portfolio of CRE loans and securities, limited partnership interests in private equity funds and various other equity investments. Over time, we intend to recycle capital from non-strategic investments in our other equity and debt investments and shift our balance sheet exposure to strategic investments and our core real estate segments.
Our other equity and debt segment generated the following results of operations:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Total revenues
 
$
151,137

 
$
182,288

 
$
465,891

 
$
578,392

Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(16,992
)
 
57,715

 
1,089

 
138,157

Investments and debt in our other equity and debt portfolio are summarized below:
(In thousands)
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Real estate
 
 
 
 
Held for investment
 
$
1,630,895

 
$
2,161,888

Held for sale
 
786,553

 
651,303

Equity and debt investments
 
 
 
 
NRE (sold in September 2019)
 
—

 
87,696

Limited partnership interests in our sponsored and co-sponsored funds
 
112,271

 
90,062

Other equity investments (1)
 
1,225,689

 
1,026,870

N-Star CDO bonds
 
59,953

 
64,127

CMBS of consolidated fund
 
2,771

 
32,706

Loans receivable
 
1,400,522

 
1,597,214

Debt (2)
 
2,094,893

 
2,309,347

_________
(1) 
Significant investments include acquisition, development and construction loans ($516.7 million) and preferred equity investments ($139.0 million).
(2) 
Includes debt carrying value of $523.7 million related to real estate held for sale.
Significant activities in our other equity and debt segment in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were as follows:
•
Together with our sponsored credit funds, acquired a portfolio of six hotels in France and a hotel management business, with the hotel portfolio held through an equity method investee.
•
We continue to monetize other non-strategic assets, primarily our loan portfolios and our real estate in Europe, in our efforts to streamline our business and redeploy capital to more strategic areas.
•
In September 2019, NRE sold all of its outstanding common stock for $17.01 per share. This resulted in a sale of our 11% interest in NRE, totaling 5.6 million shares of NRE common stock, which generated proceeds of approximately $96.0 million and a gain of $12.4 million, included in equity method earnings.

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Investment Management
We manage capital on behalf of third party institutional and retail investors through private funds, and traded and non-traded REITs, which provide a stable stream of management fee income. Our investment management platform allows us to raise private third party capital in partnership with our own balance sheet to further scale our core real estate segments and also allows us to pursue a balance sheet light strategy.
Significant Developments in the Investment Management Segment
Colony Latam—In April 2019, we acquired the private equity platform of the Abraaj Group in Latin America, which was renamed Colony Latam Partners. Colony Latam Partners, which manages approximately $574 million of fee earning equity under management ("FEEUM"), continues to be headed by its existing senior management team, who became our employees. The core strategy of the platform will focus on investing growth capital in mid-cap companies in the Latin American region.
DBH—In July 2019, we acquired DBH for $329 million, in a combination of cash and OP units, as part of our strategic evolution to become the leading platform for digital infrastructure and real estate. This acquisition follows the May 2019 final closing of the Digital Colony fund, co-sponsored by us and DBH.
Global Credit Fund—In July 2019, we closed on our fifth global real estate credit fund (second as a public company), a United States dollar and Euro denominated fund structure primarily focused on opportunistic credit investments in Europe, with total capital commitments of approximately $428 million or €384 million (inclusive of our capital commitment of $121 million or €109 million, which may be reduced to no less than 5% of total commitments from future third party commitments).
NRE—In September 2019, NRE sold all of its outstanding common stock to a third party. Concurrent with the sale, the NRE management agreement was terminated, resulting in a termination payment by NRE of approximately $65 million, inclusive of $21.5 million of incentive fees for fiscal year 2019 through termination. Including the 2018 incentive fees of $5 million, we received total contractual termination payment of $70 million from NRE. Fifty percent of the incentive fees received was allocated as compensation expense. The termination also resulted in an accelerated amortization of the remaining balance of the NRE management contract intangible asset of approximately $53.7 million.
Colony Credit—In November 2019, the management agreement with Colony Credit was amended and restated to reduce the fee base to reflect Colony Credit's reduced book value, which will result in a decrease in management fees to the Company effective in the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2019.
Performance
Results of operations of our Investment Management segment were as follows.
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Total revenues (1)
 
$
144,203

 
$
41,987

 
$
228,010

 
$
131,103

Net income (loss) attributable to Colony Capital, Inc.
 
(287,833
)
 
19,145

 
(262,934
)
 
(108,445
)
__________
(1) 
Includes cost reimbursement income from Colony Credit, NRE (prior to its sale) and retail companies of $7.3 million and $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $14.0 million and $11.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which are recorded gross as income and expense in the results of operations.
Net loss in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was driven by a $387 million impairment of the investment management goodwill. This loss was partially offset by a $35 million increase in carried interest from our industrial open-end fund, of which $18 million was allocated as compensation expense. Additionally, we recorded a $51 million gain from remeasurement of our preexisting interest in Digital Colony Manager upon closing of the DBH acquisition in July 2019.
Net loss in 2018 was driven by various impairment charges on intangible assets, specifically (i) write-off of $139 million on the NorthStar I and NorthStar II management contracts that were terminated upon closing of the Combination; (ii) $1.4 million on the NorthStar/RXR NY Metro management contract upon termination of its offering period and subsequent liquidation; (iii) $59.5 million on the NorthStar trade name; and (iv) $7 million on the NorthStar Healthcare management contract.
Balance sheet investments of $203.9 million in our Investment Management segment generally consist of our general partner and co-general partner interests in investment vehicles we sponsor or co-sponsor, which, as of September 30, 2019, included $62.3 million of unrealized carried interest allocation (including the open-end industrial fund that is classified as held for sale), as well as interests in other asset managers.

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Capital Raising, Assets Under Management and Fee Earning Equity Under Management
In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we raised approximately $600 million of third party capital, driven primarily by $307 million in our global credit fund, $142 million in our open-end industrial fund, $70 million in our bulk industrial joint venture partnership and $59 million in Digital Colony, our digital real estate infrastructure vehicle.
Below is a summary of our third party AUM and FEEUM:
 
 
 
 
 
 
AUM (1) (In billions)
 
FEEUM (2) (In billions)
Type
 
Products
 
Description
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Other Investment Vehicles
 
Digital real estate and infrastructure
 
Earns base management fees and service fees; potential for carried interest from Digital Colony
 
$
13.8

 
$
1.9

 
$
7.1

 
$
1.9

Institutional funds
 
Credit funds, opportunistic funds, value-add funds, Colony industrial open end fund and other co-investment vehicles
 
Earns base and asset management fees from all managed funds; potential for carried interest on sponsored funds
 
10.6

 
9.5

 
7.0

 
6.4

Retail Companies
 
NorthStar Healthcare
 
Earns base management fees and potential for carried interest
 
3.4

 
3.5

 
1.4

 
1.4

 
CC Real Estate Income Fund (3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public companies
 
NorthStar Realty Europe Corp.
 
NYSE-listed European equity REIT (sold in September 2019)
 
—

 
1.7

 
—

 
1.0

 
Colony Credit Real Estate, Inc.(4)
 
NYSE-listed credit REIT
 
3.5

 
3.5

 
3.0

 
3.1

 
 
 
Earns base management fees and potential for incentive fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-wholly owned real estate investment management platform
 
Joint venture investments in co-sponsored investment vehicles and third party asset managers
 
Earns share of earnings from equity method investments:
 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
 
Others include investments in RXR Realty (27% interest in a real estate investor, developer and asset manager) and AHI (43% interest in a healthcare asset manager and sponsor of non-traded vehicles)
 
8.0

 
8.3

 
3.9

 
3.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
$
39.3

 
$
28.4

 
$
22.4

 
$
17.6

__________
(1) 
Assets for which the Company and its affiliates provide investment management services, including assets for which the Company may or may not charge management fees and/or incentives. AUM is based upon reported gross undepreciated carrying value of managed investments as reported by each underlying vehicle. AUM further includes a) uncalled capital commitments and b) the Company’s pro rata share of assets of the real estate investment management platform of its joint ventures and investees as presented and calculated by them. The Company's calculation of AUM may differ materially from those of other asset managers, and as a result, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers.
(2) 
Equity for which the Company and its affiliates provide investment management services and derive management fees and/or incentives. FEEUM generally represents a) the basis used to derive fees, which may be based upon invested equity, stockholders’ equity, or fair value pursuant to the terms of each underlying investment management agreement and b) the Company’s pro rata share of fee bearing equity of its joint ventures and investees as presented and calculated by them. The Company's calculation of FEEUM may differ materially from other asset managers, and as a result, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers.
(3) 
In February 2019, the board of directors of CC Real Estate Income Fund (“CCREIF”) approved a plan to dissolve, liquidate and terminate CCREIF and distribute the net proceeds of such liquidation to its shareholders. As CCREIF’s advisor, we have begun the process of liquidating its portfolio, however, no assurances can be made as to the timing or completion of the liquidation.
(4) 
    Represents third party ownership share of CLNC's pro rata share of total assets, excluding consolidated securitization trusts.
The Company's third party FEEUM was $22.4 billion at September 30, 2019 and $17.6 billion at December 31, 2018. The $4.8 billion net increase in the first nine months of 2019 is attributable to an incremental increase of $5.2 billion FEEUM from the acquisition of DBH in July 2019 for which the Company previously co-sponsored 50% interest in a digital infrastructure vehicle. To a lesser extent, FEEUM increased from the acquisition of the Colony Latam platform in April 2019 and from fee-bearing capital raised in our light and bulk industrial platform in the first quarter of 2019 and our global credit fund in July 2019. This was partially offset by a decrease of FEEUM from the sale of NRE and continued liquidation of legacy Colony private funds.
Non-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures
The Company reports funds from operations ("FFO") as an overall non-GAAP supplemental financial measure. The Company also reports NOI for the healthcare and industrial segments and EBITDA for the hospitality segment, which are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures widely used in the equity REIT industry. FFO and NOI should not be considered alternatives to GAAP net income as indications of operating performance, or to cash flows from operating activities as measures of liquidity, nor as indications of the availability of funds for our cash needs, including funds

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available to make distributions. Our calculation of FFO and NOI may differ from methodologies utilized by other REITs for similar performance measurements, and, accordingly, may not be comparable to those of other REITs.
Funds from Operations
We calculate FFO in accordance with standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, which defines FFO as net income or loss calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding (i) extraordinary items, as defined by GAAP; (ii) gains and losses from sales of depreciable real estate; (iii) impairment write-downs associated with depreciable real estate; and (iv) gains and losses from a change in control in connection with interests in depreciable real estate or in-substance real estate; plus (v) real estate-related depreciation and amortization; and (vi) including similar adjustments for equity method investments. Included in FFO are gains and losses from sales of assets which are not depreciable real estate such as loans receivable, equity method investments, and equity and debt securities, as applicable.
We believe that FFO is a meaningful supplemental measure of the operating performance of our business because historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time, as reflected through depreciation. Because real estate values fluctuate with market conditions, management considers FFO an appropriate supplemental performance measure by excluding historical cost depreciation, as well as gains or losses related to sales of previously depreciated real estate.
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to common stockholders to FFO attributable to common interests in Operating Company and common stockholders. Amounts in the table include our share of activity in unconsolidated ventures.
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
 
$
(554,953
)
 
$
(69,975
)
 
$
(1,125,956
)
 
$
(235,495
)
Adjustments for FFO attributable to common interests in Operating Company and common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling common interests in Operating Company
 
(53,560
)
 
(4,403
)
 
(90,160
)
 
(14,509
)
Real estate depreciation and amortization
 
116,615

 
153,303

 
430,513

 
437,808

Impairment of real estate
 
177,900

 
78,595

 
291,122

 
103,057

Gain on sales of real estate
 
(12,928
)
 
(38,432
)
 
(75,250
)
 
(104,107
)
Less: Adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities(1)
 
(67,498
)
 
(46,959
)
 
(191,477
)
 
(117,193
)
FFO attributable to common interests in Operating Company and common stockholders
 
$
(394,424
)
 
$
72,129

 
$
(761,208
)
 
$
69,561

__________
(1) 
For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities include $30.6 million and $46.4 million of real estate depreciation and amortization, $45.2 million and $4.9 million of impairment of real estate, offset by $8.3 million and $4.3 million of gain on sales of real estate, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities include $138.8 million and $134.4 million of real estate depreciation and amortization, $95.8 million and $18.3 million of impairment of real estate, offset by $43.1 million and $35.5 million of gain on sales of real estate, respectively.
Net Operating Income
NOI for our real estate segments represents total property and related income less property operating expenses, adjusted primarily for the effects of (i) straight-line rental income adjustments; and (ii) amortization of acquired above- and below-market lease adjustments to rental income, where applicable. For our hospitality segment, NOI does not reflect the reserve contributions to fund certain capital expenditures, repair, replacement and refurbishment of furniture, fixtures, and equipment ("FF&E Reserve"), based on a percentage of revenues, typically 4% to 5%, that is required under certain debt agreements and/or franchise and brand-managed hotel agreements.
We believe that NOI is a useful measure of operating performance of our respective real estate portfolios as it is more closely linked to the direct results of operations at the property level. NOI also reflects actual rents received during the period after adjusting for the effects of straight-line rents and amortization of above- and below-market leases; therefore, a comparison of NOI across periods better reflects the trend in occupancy rates and rental rates at our properties.
NOI excludes historical cost depreciation and amortization, which are based upon different useful life estimates depending on the age of the properties, as well as adjust for the effects of real estate impairment and gains or losses on

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sales of depreciated properties, which eliminate differences arising from investment and disposition decisions. This allows for comparability of operating performance of our properties period over period and also against the results of other equity REITs in the same sectors.
Additionally, by excluding corporate level expenses or benefits such as interest expense, any gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt and income taxes, which are incurred by the parent entity and are not directly linked to the operating performance of our properties, NOI provides a measure of operating performance independent of our capital structure and indebtedness.
However, the exclusion of these items as well as others, such as capital expenditures, FF&E reserve and leasing costs, which are necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, and transaction costs and administrative costs, may limit the usefulness of NOI.
The following tables present reconciliations of net income (loss) of the healthcare, industrial and hospitality segments to NOI of the respective segments.
 
 
Healthcare
 
Industrial
 
Hospitality (1)
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net income (loss)
 
$
(112,554
)
 
$
(15,051
)
 
$
38,981

 
$
6,296

 
$
(34,365
)
 
$
(66,620
)
Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles and ground lease asset
 
1,235

 
(5,140
)
 
(4,518
)
 
(3,012
)
 
314

 
(6
)
Interest income
 
—

 
—

 
(240
)
 
(107
)
 
—

 
—

Other income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(69
)
 
—

Interest expense
 
46,029

 
47,620

 
21,130

 
10,872

 
40,641

 
41,646

Transaction, investment and servicing costs
 
1,009

 
1,556

 
54

 
41

 
1,728

 
1,938

Depreciation and amortization
 
38,998

 
43,697

 
12,342

 
33,503

 
36,133

 
36,503

Impairment loss
 
92,885

 
(274
)
 
—

 
774

 
31,555

 
61,865

Compensation and administrative expense
 
2,537

 
1,696

 
3,832

 
2,727

 
1,658

 
1,579

Gain on sale of real estate
 
(833
)
 
—

 
(4,675
)
 
(2,104
)
 
—

 
—

Other loss, net
 
2,544

 
1,122

 
12

 
—

 
37

 
178

Income tax (benefit) expense
 
(566
)
 
1,030

 
(127
)
 
(3
)
 
(244
)
 
855

NOI / NOI (before FF&E Reserve)
 
$
71,284

 
$
76,469

 
$
66,791

 
$
48,987

 
$
77,388

 
$
77,938

 
 
Healthcare
 
Industrial
 
Hospitality (1)
 
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net income (loss)
 
$
(201,280
)
 
$
(47,665
)
 
$
60,472

 
$
17,285

 
$
(63,947
)
 
$
(71,735
)
Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market lease intangibles and ground lease asset
 
(8,809
)
 
(11,039
)
 
(11,816
)
 
(7,863
)
 
940

 
(19
)
Interest income
 
—

 
—

 
(539
)
 
(701
)
 
(6
)
 
—

Other income
 
(36
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(72
)
 
(556
)
Interest expense
 
150,691

 
143,740

 
55,482

 
31,918

 
124,297

 
112,501

Transaction, investment and servicing costs
 
13,214

 
6,976

 
592

 
175

 
6,024

 
7,026

Depreciation and amortization
 
119,907

 
123,053

 
97,147

 
95,930

 
109,389

 
107,885

Impairment loss
 
144,209

 
5,488

 
—

 
948

 
35,825

 
61,865

Compensation and administrative expense
 
6,491

 
5,825

 
11,528

 
9,366

 
5,745

 
5,194

Gain on sale of real estate
 
(833
)
 
—

 
(28,070
)
 
(4,397
)
 
(279
)
 
—

Other loss, net
 
2,938

 
2,661

 
69

 
—

 
150

 
17

Income tax (benefit) expense
 
(1,844
)
 
2,383

 
4

 
38

 
2,598

 
930

NOI / NOI (before FF&E Reserve)
 
$
224,648

 
$
231,635

 
$
184,869

 
$
142,699

 
$
220,664

 
$
223,108

__________

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(1) 
NOI for the hospitality segment excludes FF&E Reserve which is determined based on a percentage of revenues.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our financing strategy in general favors investment-specific financing principally on a non-recourse basis, and then corporate financing, which is generally recourse to the Company or the Company’s assets. We seek to match terms and currencies, as available and applicable.
Our current primary liquidity needs are to fund:
•
our general partner commitments to our future investment vehicles and co-investment commitments to other investment vehicles;
•
acquisitions of our target assets for our balance sheet and third party capital and related ongoing commitments;
•
principal and interest payments on our borrowings, including interest obligation on our corporate level debt;
•
our operations, including compensation, administrative and overhead costs;
•
capital expenditures for our real estate investments;
•
distributions to our stockholders;
•
acquisitions of common stock under our common stock repurchase program and potentially other corporate securities;
•
income tax liabilities of taxable REIT subsidiaries and of the Company subject to limitations as a REIT; and
•
settlement of remaining $0.8 billion of the $2.0 billion notional interest rate swap in December 2019.
Our current primary sources of liquidity are:
•
cash on hand;
•
our credit facilities;
•
fees received from our investment management business;
•
cash flow generated from our investments, both from operations and return of capital;
•
proceeds from full or partial realization of investments;
•
investment-level financing;
•
proceeds from public or private equity and debt offerings; and
•
third party capital commitments of sponsored investment vehicles.
We believe that our capital resources are sufficient to meet our short-term and long-term capital requirements. Distribution requirements imposed on us to qualify as a REIT generally require that we distribute to our stockholders 90% of our taxable income, which constrains our ability to accumulate operating cash flows.
Additional discussions of our liquidity needs and sources of liquidity are presented below.
Liquidity Needs
Commitments
Our commitments in connection with our investment activities and other activities are described in "—Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies."
Dividends
U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its net taxable income. We intend to pay regular quarterly dividends to our stockholders in an amount equal to our net taxable income, if and to the extent authorized by our board of directors. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service, if any. If our cash available for distribution is less than our net taxable income, we may be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or we may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities.

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Common Stock—Our board of directors declared the following dividends in 2019:
Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Dividend Per Share
February 27, 2019
 
March 29, 2019
 
April 15, 2019
 
$
0.11

May 7, 2019
 
June 28, 2019
 
July 15, 2019
 
0.11

August 6, 2019
 
September 30, 2019
 
October 15, 2019
 
0.11

November 6, 2019
 
December 31, 2019
 
January 15, 2020
 
0.11

Preferred Stock—We are required to make quarterly cash distributions on our outstanding preferred stock as follows:
 
 
 
 
Shares Outstanding
September 30, 2019
(in thousands)
 
Quarterly Cash Distributions
Description
 
Dividend Rate Per Annum
 
 
Total
(In thousands)
 
Per Share
Series B
 
8.25%
 
6,114

 
$
3,153

 
$
0.5156250

Series E
 
8.75%
 
10,000

 
5,469

 
0.5468750

Series G
 
7.5%
 
3,450

 
1,617

 
0.4687500

Series H
 
7.125%
 
11,500

 
5,121

 
0.4453125

Series I
 
7.15%
 
13,800

 
6,167

 
0.4468750

Series J
 
7.125%
 
12,600

 
5,611

 
0.4453125

 
 
 
 
57,464

 
$
27,138


 
Common Stock Repurchases
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 652,311 shares of its class A common stock, at an aggregate cost of approximately $3.2 million (excluding commissions), or a weighted average price of $4.84 per share pursuant to a $300 million share repurchase program authorized by its board of directors in May 2018. As of November 5, 2019, $246.7 million remained outstanding under the May 2018 stock repurchase program. In May 2019, the Company's board of directors authorized an extension of the stock repurchase program for an additional one year term.
Settlement of Interest Rate Swap
In connection with the Merger, we assumed a $2 billion notional interest rate swap intended to hedge against future interest rate increases on refinancing of certain healthcare mortgage debt at a break-even 10-year swap rate of 3.394%. This interest rate swap does not qualify for hedge accounting; therefore, unrealized gains (losses) resulting from fair value changes at the end of each reporting period are recognized in earnings. The swap is out of the money and is subject to margin calls if the liability is in excess of $160 million. The swap expires in December 2019 with a mandatory cash settlement at fair value (receivable to the Company if the 10-year swap rate is greater than 3.394% and a liability of the Company if the 10-year swap rate is lower than 3.394%) and can be terminated by the Company any time prior to expiration at termination value. In the third quarter of 2019, the Company settled $1.2 billion of the notional amount on the interest rate swap for $224 million and reduced its interest rate risk on the remaining notional amount through a series of reverse interest rate swaps. Subsequently, in October 2019, the Company terminated its outstanding exposure on the interest rate swap and reverse swaps for a settlement of $141 million, expected to be paid to the swap counterparty in December 2019.
Sources of Liquidity
Cash From Operations
Our investments generate cash, either from operations or as a return of our invested capital. We primarily generate revenue from net operating income of our real estate properties. We also generate interest income from commercial real estate related loans and securities as well as receive periodic distributions from some of our equity investments, including our GP Co-Investments. Such income is partially offset by interest expense associated with borrowings against our investments.
Additionally, we generate fee revenue from our investment management segment through the management of various types of investment products, including both institutional and retail capital. Management fee income is generally a predictable and stable revenue stream, while carried interest and contractual incentive fees are by nature less predictable in amount and timing. Our ability to establish new investment vehicles and raise investor capital depends on general market conditions and availability of attractive investment opportunities as well as availability of debt capital.

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Asset Monetization
We periodically monetize our investments through asset sales that are opportunistic in nature or to recycle capital from non-core assets. In September 2019, we entered into definitive agreements for the sale of our light industrial portfolio, including the related management platform, for an aggregate $5.7 billion. The sale is anticipated to result in net sale proceeds of approximately $1.2 billion in the fourth quarter of 2019. We may redeploy a portion of the proceeds into higher total return strategies (e.g., digital infrastructure), or use the proceeds to reduce corporate leverage or for other uses.
Investment-Level Financing
We have various forms of investment-level financing, as described in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.
Our ability to raise and access third party capital in our sponsored investment vehicles would allow us to scale our investment activities by pooling capital to access larger transactions and diversify our investment exposure.
Corporate Credit Facility
As described in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, the Credit Agreement, which was amended in April 2019, provides a secured revolving credit facility in the maximum principal amount of $750 million, which may be increased to a maximum capacity of $1.125 billion, subject to customary conditions. The credit facility is scheduled to mature in January 2021, with two 6-month extension options.
The maximum amount available at any time is limited by a borrowing base of certain investment assets. As of November 5, 2019, the borrowing base valuation was sufficient to permit borrowings of up to the full $750 million commitment, of which $566 million was available to be drawn.
The Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants that require the Company to maintain minimum tangible net worth, liquidity levels and financial ratios, as defined in the Credit Agreement and as amended in April 2019. As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with the financial covenants, as amended.
Convertible and Exchangeable Senior Notes
Convertible and exchangeable senior notes issued by us and that remain outstanding are described in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.
Public Offerings
We may offer and sell various types of securities under our effective shelf registration statement. These securities may be issued from time to time at our discretion based on our needs and depending upon market conditions and available pricing.
There were no public offerings of securities in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and in the year ended December 31, 2018.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flow activity for the periods presented.
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
Net cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
 
Operating activities
 
$
234,590

 
$
393,299

Investing activities
 
(937,667
)
 
81,982

Financing activities
 
605,873

 
(1,029,265
)
Operating Activities
Cash inflows from operating activities are generated primarily through property operating income from our real estate investments, interest received from our loans and securities portfolio, distributions of earnings received from equity investments, and fee income from our investment management business. This is partially offset by payment of operating expenses supporting our various lines of business, including property management and operations, loan servicing and workout of loans in default, investment transaction costs, as well as compensation and general administrative costs.
Our operating activities generated cash of $234.6 million and $393.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The net cash inflow in 2019 included the receipt of $64.6 million of incentive and termination

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fee from NRE upon termination of our management agreement concurrent with the sale of NRE, and net of a payment of $223.9 million for settlement of $1.2 billion of the $2.0 billion notional amount on the forward starting interest rate swap assumed through the Merger.
We believe cash flows from operations, available cash balances and our ability to generate cash through short and long-term borrowings are sufficient to fund our operating liquidity needs.
Investing Activities
Investing activities include cash outlays for acquisition of real estate, disbursements on new and/or existing loans, and contributions to unconsolidated ventures, which are partially offset by repayments and sales of loans receivable, distributions of capital received from unconsolidated ventures, proceeds from sale of real estate, as well as proceeds from maturity or sale of securities.
Our investing activities resulted in net cash outflows of $937.7 million while generating net cash inflows of $82.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The net cash outflows in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was driven by $1.1 billion of cash paid for real estate acquisitions, net of proceeds from real estate sales, in particular, our acquisition of a 50 building portfolio in our industrial segment for $1.1 billion in February 2019. In contrast, we had significantly less real estate investment activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, with net cash outflows of $163.3 million.
Net cash inflows from our equity and debt investments were lower in the first nine months of 2019 totaling $334.2 million compared to the same period in 2018 totaling $495.8 million. The 2019 period included $96.0 million of proceeds from sale of our interest in NRE. However, net cash inflows were higher in 2018, which included $132.6 million of proceeds from sale of our interests in certain third party private equity funds, a return of capital of $142.3 million from our initial investment in the digital real estate infrastructure joint venture as we raised third party capital through our Digital Colony fund, and $142.3 million of proceeds from sale of our equity interests in two securitization trusts, net of cash and restricted cash deconsolidated, all of which were partially offset by additional contributions to our equity investees, and loan disbursements and acquisitions.
Additionally, the cash inflows in 2018 were also partially offset by a contribution to Colony Credit of $141.2 million of cash and restricted cash held by the CLNY Contributed Portfolio, and for funding of $95.6 million of deposits for investment acquisitions. On the other hand, a $181.2 million cash payment in connection with the acquisition of DBH further contributed to the net cash outflows in 2019.
Financing Activities
We finance our investing activities largely through investment-level secured debt along with capital from third party or affiliated co-investors. We also draw upon our corporate credit facility to finance our investing and operating activities, as well as have the ability to raise capital in the public markets through issuances of preferred stock, common stock and debt such as our convertible notes. Accordingly, we incur cash outlays for payments on our investment-level and corporate debt, dividends to our preferred and common stockholders, as well as distributions to our noncontrolling interests.
Financing activities generated net cash inflows of $605.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to net cash outflows of $1.0 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
The net cash inflows in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 can be attributed to borrowings exceeding debt repayments by $750.0 million, in particular aggregate borrowings of $952.0 million in our industrial segment, primarily to fund a large portfolio acquisition in February 2019. In contrast, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, debt repayments exceeded borrowings by $459.6 million.
Net cash outflows in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was also driven by repurchases of 54.8 million shares of common stock and settlement of our Series D preferred stock redemption aggregating to $519.0 million, and dividend payments of $350.1 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, common stock repurchase activity was significantly reduced at 0.7 million shares for $10.7 million and dividend payments were lower at $241.9 million, primarily as a result of lower per share dividends beginning in the second quarter of 2018 combined with dividend savings from common stock repurchases and preferred stock redemptions throughout 2018 and in the first quarter of 2019.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies
There were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to the information regarding specified contractual obligations contained in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Guarantees and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In connection with financing arrangements for certain equity method investments, we provide customary non-recourse carve-out guarantees. We believe that the likelihood of making any payments under the guarantees is remote and no liability has been recorded as of September 30, 2019.
In connection with the THL Hotel Portfolio, we entered into guarantee agreements with various hotel franchisors, pursuant to which we guaranteed the franchisees’ obligations, including payments of franchise fees and marketing fees, for the term of the agreements, which expire between 2027 and 2032. In the event of default or termination of the franchise agreements, the Company is liable for liquidated damages not to exceed $75 million.
We have off-balance sheet arrangements with respect to our retained interests in N-Star CDOs. In each case, our exposure to loss is limited to the carrying value of our investment.
Risk Management
Risk management is a significant component of our strategy to deliver consistent risk-adjusted returns to our stockholders. In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and our exemption from registration under the 1940 Act, we closely monitor our portfolio and actively manage risks associated with, among other things, our assets and interest rates. In addition, the risk committee of our board of directors, in consultation with our chief risk officer, internal auditor and other management, periodically reviews our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, including key risks to which we are subject, including credit risk, liquidity risk, financing risk, foreign currency risk and market risk, and the steps that management has taken to monitor and control such risks. The audit committee of our board of directors maintains oversight of financial reporting risk matters.
Underwriting
In connection with evaluating any potential equity or debt investment for our portfolio or a managed investment vehicle, our underwriting team, in conjunction with third party providers, undertakes an asset-level due diligence process, involving data collection and analysis, to ensure that we understand the state of the market and the risk-reward profile of the asset. In addition, we evaluate material accounting, legal, financial and business issues surrounding such investment. These issues and risks are built into the valuation of an asset and ultimate pricing of an investment.
During the underwriting process, we review the following data, including, but not limited to: property financial data including historic and budgeted financial statements, liquidity and capital expenditure plans, property operating metrics (including occupancy, leasing activity, lease expirations, sales information, tenant credit review, tenant delinquency reports, operating expense efficiency and property management efficacy) and local and real estate market conditions including vacancy rates, absorption, new supply, rent levels and comparable sale transactions, as applicable. For debt investments, we also analyze metrics such as loan-to-collateral value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, debt yields, sponsor credit ratings and performance history.
In addition to evaluating the merits of any particular proposed investment, we evaluate the diversification of our or a particular managed investment vehicle’s portfolio of assets, as the case may be. Prior to making a final investment decision, we determine whether a target asset will cause the portfolio of assets to be too heavily concentrated with, or cause too much risk exposure to, any one real estate sector, geographic region, source of cash flow such as tenants or borrowers, or other geopolitical issues. If we determine that a proposed investment presents excessive concentration risk, we may decide not to pursue an otherwise attractive investment.
Investment Committees
We have established investment committees composed of senior executives for our various business segments as well as for the portfolios of the funds we manage. These investment committees review and evaluate potential investment opportunities, and meet periodically with the Company’s portfolio management team to review and monitor risks posed by existing investments.
Allocation Procedures
We currently manage, and may in the future manage, REITs and other entities that have investment and/or rate of return objectives similar to our own or to other investment vehicles that we manage. In order to address the risk of potential conflicts of interest among us and our managed investment vehicles, we have implemented an investment allocation policy consistent with our duty as a registered investment adviser to treat our managed investment vehicles fairly and equitably over time. Pursuant to this policy, investment allocation decisions are based on a suitability assessment involving a review of numerous factors, including the particular source of capital’s investment objectives,

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available cash, diversification/concentration, leverage policy, the size of the investment, tax, anticipated pipeline of suitable investments and fund life.
Portfolio Management
The comprehensive portfolio management process generally includes day-to-day oversight by the Company's portfolio management team, regular management meetings and quarterly asset review process. These processes are designed to enable management to evaluate and proactively identify asset-specific issues and trends on a portfolio-wide basis for both assets on our balance sheet and assets of the companies within our investment management business. Nevertheless, we cannot be certain that such review will identify all issues within our portfolio due to, among other things, adverse economic conditions or events adversely affecting specific assets; therefore, potential future losses may also stem from investments that are not identified during these credit reviews.
We use many methods to actively manage our risk to preserve our income and capital. For commercial real estate equity and debt investments, frequent re-underwriting and dialogue with tenants, operators, partners and/or borrowers and regular inspections of our collateral and owned properties have proven to be an effective process for identifying issues early. With respect to our healthcare properties, we consider the impact of regulatory changes on operator performance and property values. During a quarterly review, or more frequently as necessary, investments are monitored and identified for possible asset impairment and loan loss reserves, as appropriate, based upon several factors, including missed or late contractual payments, significant declines in collateral performance and other data which may indicate a potential issue in our ability to recover our invested capital from an investment. In addition, we seek to utilize services of certain strategic partnerships and joint ventures with third parties with expertise in commercial real estate or other sectors and markets to assist our portfolio management.
In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and our exemption from registration under the 1940 Act, and maximize returns and manage portfolio risk, we may dispose of an asset earlier than anticipated or hold an asset longer than anticipated if we determine it to be appropriate depending upon prevailing market conditions or factors regarding a particular asset. We can provide no assurances, however, that we will be successful in identifying or managing all of the risks associated with acquiring, holding or disposing of a particular asset or that we will not realize losses on certain assets.
Interest Rate and Foreign Currency Hedging
Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and our exemption from registration under the 1940 Act, we may mitigate the risk of interest rate volatility through the use of hedging instruments, such as interest rate swap agreements and interest rate cap agreements. The goal of our interest rate management strategy is to minimize or eliminate the effects of interest rate changes on the value of our assets, to improve risk-adjusted returns and, where possible, to lock in, on a long-term basis, a favorable spread between the yield on our assets and the cost of financing such assets. In addition, because we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, we employ foreign currency risk management strategies, including the use of, among others, currency hedges, and matched currency financing. We can provide no assurances, however, that our efforts to manage interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate volatility will successfully mitigate the risks of such volatility on our portfolio.
Financing Strategy
Our financing strategy in general is to favor investment-specific financing principally on a non-recourse basis, and then corporate financing, which is generally recourse to the Company or the Company’s assets. We seek to match terms and currencies, as available and applicable, and the amount of leverage we use is based on our assessment of a variety of factors, including, among others, the anticipated liquidity and price volatility of the assets in our investment portfolio, the potential for losses and extension risk in our portfolio, the ability to raise additional equity to reduce leverage and create liquidity for future investments, the availability of credit at favorable prices or at all, the credit quality of our assets, our outlook for borrowing costs relative to the income earned on our assets and financial covenants within our credit facilities.
Our decision to use leverage to finance our assets is at our discretion and not subject to the approval of our stockholders. To the extent that we use leverage in the future, we may mitigate interest rate risk through utilization of hedging instruments, primarily interest rate swap and cap agreements, to serve as a hedge against future interest rate increases on our borrowings.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that involve the exercise of judgment and that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
In particular, estimates that require significant management judgment and assumptions related to the recoverability of our investments and the impairment assessment of our investment management goodwill, which are discussed further in Notes 1 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
Other than adoption of the new lease accounting standard, which is included in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, there have been no changes to our critical accounting policies or those of our unconsolidated joint ventures since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
Recent Accounting Updates
Recent accounting updates are included in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Market risk includes the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, credit curve spreads, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and credit risk in our underlying investments.
Credit Risk
We are subject to the credit risk of the tenant/operators of our properties. We seek to undertake a rigorous credit evaluation of each tenant and operator prior to acquiring properties. This analysis includes an extensive due diligence investigation of the tenant/operator’s business as well as an assessment of the strategic importance of the underlying real estate to the tenant/operator’s core business operations. Where appropriate, we may seek to augment the tenant/operator’s commitment to the facility by structuring various credit enhancement mechanisms into their management assessments, where applicable, and underlying leases. These mechanisms could include security deposit requirements or guarantees from entities we deem creditworthy.
In addition, our investment in loans receivable is subject to a high degree of credit risk through exposure to loss from loan defaults. Default rates are subject to a wide variety of factors, including, but not limited to, borrower financial condition, property performance, property management, supply/demand factors, construction trends, consumer behavior, regional economics, interest rates, the strength of the U.S. economy and other factors beyond our control. All loans are subject to a certain probability of default. We manage credit risk through the underwriting process, acquiring our investments at the appropriate discount to face value, if any, and establishing loss assumptions. We also carefully monitor the performance of the loans, including those held through our joint venture investments, as well as external factors that may affect their value.
For more information, see Item 2, “Management's Discussion and Analysis—Risk Management.”
Interest Rate and Credit Curve Spread Risk
Interest rate risk relates to the risk that the future cash flow of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control. Credit curve spread risk is highly sensitive to the dynamics of the markets for loans and securities we hold. Excessive supply of these assets combined with reduced demand will cause the market to require a higher yield. This demand for higher yield will cause the market to use a higher spread over the U.S. Treasury securities yield curve, or other benchmark interest rates, to value these assets.
As U.S. Treasury securities are priced to a higher yield and/or the spread to U.S. Treasuries used to price the assets increases, the price at which we could sell some of our fixed rate financial assets may decline. Conversely, as U.S. Treasury securities are priced to a lower yield and/or the spread to U.S. Treasuries used to price the assets decreases, the value of our fixed rate financial assets may increase. Fluctuations in LIBOR may affect the amount of interest income we earn on our floating rate borrowings and interest expense we incur on borrowings indexed to LIBOR, including under credit facilities and investment-level financing.

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We utilize a variety of financial instruments on some of our investments, including interest rate swaps, caps, floors and other interest rate exchange contracts, in order to limit the effects of fluctuations in interest rates on our operations. The use of these types of derivatives to hedge interest-earning assets and/or interest-bearing liabilities carries certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for distribution and that such losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. A hedge may not perform its intended purpose of offsetting losses of rising interest rates. Moreover, with respect to certain of the instruments used as hedges, we are exposed to the risk that the counterparties with which we trade may cease making markets and quoting prices in such instruments, which may render us unable to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to an open position. If we anticipate that the income from any such hedging transaction will not be qualifying income for REIT income purposes, we may conduct all or part of our hedging activities through a to-be-formed corporate subsidiary that is fully subject to federal corporate income taxation. Our profitability may be adversely affected during any period as a result of changing interest rates.
Foreign Currency Risk
We have foreign currency rate exposures related to our foreign currency-denominated investments held predominantly by our foreign subsidiaries and to a lesser extent, by U.S. subsidiaries. Changes in foreign currency rates can adversely affect the fair values and earnings of our non-U.S. holdings. We generally mitigate this foreign currency risk by utilizing currency instruments to hedge our net investments in our foreign subsidiaries. The types of hedging instruments that we may employ on our foreign subsidiary investments are forwards and costless collars (buying a protective put while writing an out-of the-money covered call with a strike price at which the premium received is equal to the premium of the protective put purchased) which involved no initial capital outlay. The puts are generally structured with strike prices up to 10% lower than our cost basis in such investments, thereby limiting any foreign exchange fluctuations to up to 10% of the original capital invested.
At September 30, 2019, we had approximately €505.6 million and £275.2 million or a total of $0.9 billion, in net investments in our European subsidiaries. A 1% change in these foreign currency rates would result in a $8.6 million increase or decrease in translation gain or loss included in other comprehensive income in connection with our investment in our European subsidiaries, and a $0.3 million gain or loss in earnings in connection with the foreign denominated loan receivable held by a U.S subsidiary.
A summary of the foreign exchange contracts in place at September 30, 2019, including notional amounts and key terms, is included in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements. The maturity dates of these instruments approximate the projected dates of related cash flows for specific investments. Termination or maturity of currency hedging instruments may result in an obligation for payment to or from the counterparty to the hedging agreement. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by counterparties for these contracts. To manage this risk, we select major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties and perform a quarterly review of the financial health and stability of our trading counterparties. Based on our review at September 30, 2019, we do not expect any counterparty to default on its obligations.
Inflation
Many of our assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance more so than inflation, although inflation rates can often have a meaningful influence over the direction of interest rates. Furthermore, our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and our distributions as determined by our board of directors will be primarily based on our taxable income, and, in each case, our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost and/or fair value without considering inflation.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

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As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, we have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at September 30, 2019.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings.
The Company may be involved in litigations and claims in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was not involved in any material legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2019.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities
Redemption of Membership Units in OP ("OP Units")—Holders of OP Units have the right to require the OP to redeem all of a portion of their OP Units for cash or, at our option, shares of our class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, in satisfaction of redemption requests by certain OP Unit holders, we issued an aggregate of 187,995 shares of our class A common stock, of which 3,601 shares were issued to certain of our employees and 184,394 shares to an educational institution. Such shares of class A common stock were issued in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
In connection with the acquisition of DBH, we issued 21,478,515 OP Units in July 2019. Such OP United were issued pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as a transaction not involving a public offering. Following the expiration of certain lock-up restrictions, the OP Units are redeemable by the holder for (i) cash based on the market value of an equivalent number of shares of class A common stock at the time of redemption, or (ii) at the Company's election as managing member of the Operating Company, through issuance of shares of class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The number of OP Units issued was based upon a value of $108.3 million divided by the volume weighted average trading price of the Company's class A common stock for the 30 trading days ending five business days prior to the acquisition.
Purchases of Equity Securities by Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
On May 23, 2018, the Company's board of directors authorized a common stock repurchase program pursuant to which the Company may repurchase up to $300 million of its outstanding shares of class A common stock over a one-year period, either in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. In May 2019, the Company's board of directors authorized an extension of the stock repurchase program for an additional one year term.
There were no purchases by the Company of its class A common stock in the third quarter of 2019. As of September 30, 2019, the maximum dollar value remaining under the May 2018 repurchase program was $246.7 million.
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
Amended and Restated Colony Credit Management Agreement
On November 6, 2019, in connection with Colony Credit’s portfolio rationalization and related impairments, CLNC Manager, LLC, a subsidiary of the Company (the “Manager”), amended and restated its management agreement, dated as of January 31, 2018 (the “Management Agreement”), with Colony Credit and Credit RE Operating Company, LLC, Colony Credit’s operating company (“Credit OP”), which will result in a reduction to Colony Credit’s stockholders’ equity (the basis for the base management fee) by Colony Credit’s accumulated unrealized provisions for loan losses and real estate impairments to date. Except for the changes to the definition of Core Earnings as described below, the terms of the amended and restated Management Agreement are otherwise substantially the same as the original Management

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Agreement, the terms of which are more fully described in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2018.
The amended and restated Management Agreement provides that Core Earnings, which is a non-GAAP measure, is defined as U.S. GAAP net income (loss) attributable to the Colony Credit’s common stockholders (or, without duplication, the owners of the common equity of Colony Credit’s direct subsidiaries, such as Credit OP) and excluding (i) non-cash equity compensation expense, (ii) the expenses incurred in connection with Colony Credit’s formation and an IPO, including the initial underwriting discounts and commissions, (iii) the incentive fee, (iv) acquisition costs from successful acquisitions, (v) depreciation and amortization, (vi) any unrealized gains or losses or other similar non-cash items that are included in net income for the current quarter, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income, (vii) one-time events pursuant to changes in U.S. GAAP and (viii) certain material non-cash income or expense items that in the judgment of management should not be included in Core Earnings. For (a) unrealized provisions for loan losses and real estate impairments and (b) clauses (vii) and (viii), such exclusions shall only be applied after discussions between the Manager and Colony Credit’s independent directors and after approval by a majority of Colony Credit’s independent directors.
Item 6. Exhibits.
Exhibit Number
 
Description
 
 
 
3.1
 
3.2
 
3.3
 
3.4
 
3.5
 
10.1
 
10.2
 
10.3*
 
31.1*
 
31.2*
 
32.1*
 
32.2*
 
101.INS**
 
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.LAB
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
101.DEF
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
104**
 
Cover Page Interactive Data File
__________
*
Filed herewith.
**
The document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: November 8, 2019
COLONY CAPITAL, INC.
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Thomas J. Barrack, Jr.
 
 
Thomas J. Barrack, Jr.
 
 
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Mark M. Hedstrom
 
 
Mark M. Hedstrom
 
 
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Neale Redington
 
 
Neale Redington
 
 
Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)