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DONEGAL GROUP INC - Quarter Report: 2021 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM
 
10-Q
 
 
(Mark One)
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly
period ended September 30, 2021
OR
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                  to                  .
Commission file number
0-15341
 
 
Donegal Group Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 

 
Delaware
 
23-2424711
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1195 River Road, P.O. Box 302, Marietta, PA 17547
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(717)
426-1931
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
    
Yes
 
 
☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files).    
Yes
 
 ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated
filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
        Large accelerated filer ☐   
Accelerated
filer ☑
  
Non-accelerated
filer ☐
   Smaller reporting company ☑
        Emerging growth company ☐               
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    
No  ☒
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of Each Class
 
Trading Symbols
 
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
     
Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value
 
DGICA
 
The NASDAQ Global Select Market
     
Class B Common Stock, $.01 par value
 
DGICB
 
The NASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 
25,752,572
 shares
of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and
5,576,775
shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding on October 31, 2021.

Table of Contents
DONEGAL GROUP INC.
INDEX TO FORM
10-Q
REPORT
 
 
 
 
  
      Page      
PART I
 
  
Item 1.
 
  
1
Item 2.
 
  
20
Item 3.
 
  
29
Item 4.
 
  
30
PART II
 
  
Item 1.
 
  
31
Item 1A.
 
  
31
Item 2.
 
  
31
Item 3.
 
  
31
Item 4.
 
  
31
Item 5.
 
  
31
Item 6.
 
  
32
  
1
 
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.    Financial Statements
Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
                                                   
   
September 30,

2021
 
December 31,

2020
   
 
(Unaudited)
 
       
Assets
    
Investments
    
Fixed maturities
               
Held to maturity, at amortized cost
 
 
$
661,080,363
   
$
586,609,439
 
Available for sale, at fair value
 
 
520,490,593
   
 
555,136,017
 
Equity securities, at fair value
 
 
71,182,988
   
 
58,556,173
 
Short-term investments, at cost, which approximates fair value
 
 
4,693,721
   
 
20,900,155
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total investments
 
 
1,257,447,665
   
 
1,221,201,784
 
Cash
 
 
68,904,458
   
 
103,094,236
 
Accrued investment income
 
 
9,107,677
   
 
7,936,879
 
Premiums receivable
 
 
181,544,695
   
 
169,596,332
 
Reinsurance receivable
 
 
456,650,868
   
 
408,908,850
 
Deferred policy acquisition costs
 
 
70,396,767
   
 
59,156,958
 
Deferred tax asset, net
 
 
5,939,053
   
 
5,683,113
 
Prepaid reinsurance premiums
 
 
184,354,144
   
 
169,418,333
 
Property and equipment, net
 
 
3,299,347
   
 
4,390,377
 
Accounts receivable - securities
 
 
66,781
   
 
67,676
 
Federal income taxes recoverable
 
 
6,356,968
   
 
3,089,369
 
Goodwill
 
 
5,625,354
   
 
5,625,354
 
Other intangible assets
 
 
958,010
   
 
958,010
 
Other
 
 
1,363,087
   
 
1,393,053
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
  2,252,014,874
   
$
  2,160,520,324
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
               
Liabilities
    
Losses and loss expenses
 
$
1,050,163,161
   
$
962,007,437
 
Unearned premiums
 
 
598,632,054
   
 
537,189,598
 
Accrued expenses
 
 
10,346,512
   
 
29,115,198
 
Reinsurance balances payable
 
 
3,943,544
   
 
3,233,523
 
Borrowings under lines of credit
 
 
35,000,000
   
 
85,000,000
 
Cash dividends declared to stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
4,436,301
 
Subordinated debentures
 
 
   
 
5,000,000
 
Accounts payable - securities
 
 
2,067,911
   
 
 
Due to affiliate
 
 
6,313,813
   
 
10,293,495
 
Other
 
 
7,414,463
   
 
6,470,652
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
 
1,713,881,458
  
 
 
1,642,746,204
  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ Equity
               
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, authorized 2,000,000 shares; none issued
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class A common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 50,000,000 shares, issued 28,699,165
 
and 27,651,774 shares and outstanding 25,696,577
 
and 24,649,186 shares
 
 
286,992
   
 
276,518
 
Class B common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares, issued 5,649,240 shares and outstanding 5,576,775 shares
 
 
56,492
   
 
56,492
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
 
 
303,844,499
   
 
289,149,567
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
 
6,825,161
   
 
11,130,612
 
Retained earnings
 
 
268,346,629
   
 
258,387,288
 
Treasury stock, at cost
 
 
(41,226,357
 
 
(41,226,357
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
 
 
538,133,416
   
 
517,774,120
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
2,252,014,874
   
$
2,160,520,324
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
1

Table of Contents
Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income
(Unaudited)
 
                                                   
   
Three Months Ended
 
September 30,
   
2021
 
2020
Revenues:
               
Net premiums earned
 
$
196,234,626
   
$
184,925,733
 
Investment income, net of investment expenses
 
 
7,763,562
   
 
7,403,251
 
Net
investment (losses) 
gains (includes $
26,163
and $134,795 accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications)
 
 
(1,570,476
)  
 
3,268,459
 
Lease income
 
 
107,977
   
 
107,907
 
Installment payment fees
 
 
570,492
   
 
806,916
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
 
 
203,106,181
   
 
196,512,266
 
Expenses:
               
Net losses and loss expenses
 
 
148,142,237
   
 
120,881,041
 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
 
 
31,778,000
   
 
29,605,000
 
Other underwriting expenses
 
 
30,101,717
  
 
 
29,480,706
  
Policyholder dividends
 
 
1,287,147
   
 
1,811,019
 
Interest
 
 
209,547
   
 
219,039
 
Other expenses, net
 
 
217,209
   
 
183,877
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total expenses
 
 
211,735,857
   
 
182,180,682
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) income before income tax (benefit) expense
 
 
(8,629,676
)  
 
14,331,584
 
Income
tax (benefit) 
expense (includes $
5,494
and $28,307 income tax expense from reclassification items)
 
 
(1,917,698
)  
 
2,494,586
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net
 (loss) income
 
$
 
 (6,711,978
)
 
$
 
 11,836,998
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) earnings 
per common share:
               
Class A common stock -
basic and diluted
 
$
(0.22
)  
$
0.41
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class B common stock - basic and diluted
 
$
(0.20
)
 
 
$
0.37
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income
(Unaudited)
 
                                                   
   
Three Months Ended
 
September 30,
   
2021
 
2020
Net
 (loss) income
 
$
  (6,711,978
)
 
$
  11,836,998
 
Other
 comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
               
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities:
 
 
                        
 
 
Unrealized holding (loss) gain during the period, net of income tax (benefit) expense of (
$
432,664
) and

$29,102
 
 
(1,627,641
)  
 
109,480
 
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net of income tax expense of 
$
5,494
and
$28,307
 
 
(20,669
 
 
(106,488
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
comprehensive (loss) income
 
 
(1,648,310
)  
 
2,992
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive
(loss) income
 
$
(8,360,288
)
 
$
11,839,990
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
2

Table of Contents
Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)
 
                                                   
    
Nine Months Ended September 30,
    
2021
 
2020
Revenues:
                
Net premiums earned
  
$
575,974,891
   
$
556,552,279
 
Investment income, net of investment expenses
  
 
22,926,320
   
 
21,951,679
 
Net investment gains (losses) (includes $
476,188
and $571,123 accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications)
  
 
5,139,609
   
 
(940,488
Lease income
  
 
323,782
   
 
326,379
 
Installment payment fees
  
 
1,857,420
   
 
2,433,395
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
  
 
606,222,022
   
 
580,323,244
 
Expenses:
                
Net losses and loss expenses
  
 
381,318,636
   
 
343,476,586
 
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs
  
 
95,060,000
   
 
89,176,000
 
Other underwriting expenses
  
 
100,113,444
   
 
95,645,601
 
Policyholder dividends
  
 
4,210,667
   
 
5,336,677
 
Interest
  
 
739,163
   
 
871,461
 
Other expenses, net
  
 
962,278
   
 
994,115
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total expenses
  
 
582,404,188
  
 
 
535,500,440
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax expense
  
 
23,817,834
   
 
44,822,804
 
Income tax expense (includes $
99,999
and $119,936 income tax expense from reclassification items)
  
 
3,835,928
   
 
6,575,907
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
  
$
 
 
  19,981,906
   
$
 
 
  38,246,897
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share:
                
Class A common stock - basic
  
$
0.66
   
$
1.34
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class A common stock - diluted
  
$
0.66
   
$
1.33
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class B common stock - basic and diluted
  
$
0.59
   
$
1.21
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
 
                                                   
   
Nine Months Ended September 30,
   
2021
 
2020
Net income
 
$
 
 
19,981,906
   
$
 
 
38,246,897
 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
               
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities:
               
Unrealized holding (loss) gain during the period, net of income tax (benefit) expense of ($1,046,983) and
$2,742,556
 
 
(3,929,262
 
 
10,317,234
 
Reclassification
adjustment
for
gains
 included
in
 
net
income,
net
of
income
tax
expense
of
 
$99,999
 
and
$119,936
 
 
(376,189
 
 
(451,187
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive (loss) income
 
 
(4,305,451
 
 
9,866,047
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income
 
$
15,676,455
   
$
48,112,944
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
3

Table of Contents
Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
   
Class A
Shares
 
Class B
Shares
 
Class A
Amount
 
Class B
Amount
 
Additional
Paid-In Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury Stock
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Balance, December 31, 2020
 
 
27,651,774
   
 
5,649,240
   
$
276,518
   
$
56,492
   
$
289,149,567
   
$
11,130,612
   
$
258,387,288
   
$
(41,226,357
 
$
517,774,120
 
Issuance
 
of
 
common
 
stock
 
(stock
compensation plans)
 
 
33,336
   
 
 
 
 
334
   
 
 
 
 
419,454
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
419,788
 
Share-based compensation
 
 
346,124
   
 
 
 
 
3,461
   
 
 
 
 
4,719,388
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,722,849
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,529,848
   
 
 
 
 
10,529,848
 
Cash dividends declared
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5,000
 
 
 
 
 
(5,000
Grant of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
109,184
   
 
 
 
 
(109,184
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4,207,115
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4,207,115
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2021
 
 
28,031,234
   
 
5,649,240
   
$
280,313
   
$
56,492
   
$
294,397,593
   
$
6,923,497
   
$
268,802,952
   
$
(41,226,357
 
$
529,234,490
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance
 
of
 
common
 
stock
 
(stock
compensation plans)
 
 
49,613
   
 
 
 
 
496
   
 
 
 
 
730,005
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
730,501
 
Share-based compensation
 
 
539,019
   
 
 
 
 
5,390
   
 
 
 
 
7,313,031
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7,318,421
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16,164,036
   
 
 
 
 
16,164,036
 
Cash dividends declared
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4,840,629
 
 
 
 
 
(4,840,629
Grant of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
69,995
   
 
 
 
 
(69,995
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,549,974
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,549,974
 
Balance, June 30, 2021
 
 
28,619,866
 
 
 
5,649,240
 
 
$
286,199
 
 
$
56,492
 
 
$
302,510,624
 
 
$
8,473,471
 
 
$
280,056,364
 
 
$
 
(41,226,357
)
 
$
550,156,793
 
Issuance
 
of
 
common
 
stock
 
(stock
compensation plans)
 
 
24,619
 
 
 
 
 
 
246 
 
 
 
 
 
 
292,302
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
292,548
 
Share-based compensation
 
 
54,680
 
 
 
 
 
 
547
 
 
 
 
 
 
946,004
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
946,551
 
Net loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(6,711,978
)
 
 
 
 
 
(6,711,978
)
Cash dividends declared
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4,902,188
)
 
 
 
 
 
(4,902,188
)
Grant of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
95,569
 
 
 
 
 
 
(95,569
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,648,310
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,648,310
)
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, September 30, 2021
 
 
28,699,165
   
 
5,649,240
   
$
286,992
   
$
56,492
   
$
303,844,499
   
$
6,825,161
   
$
268,346,629
   
$
(41,226,357
 
$
538,133,416
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial
 
4

Table of Contents
Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
   
Class A
Shares
 
Class B
Shares
 
Class A
Amount
 
Class B
Amount
 
Additional
Paid-In Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury Stock
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
Balance, December 31, 2019
 
 
26,203,935
   
 
5,649,240
   
$
262,040
   
$
56,492
   
$
268,151,601
   
$
504,170
   
$
223,267,573
   
$
(41,226,357
 
$
451,015,519
 
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)
 
 
28,924
   
 
 
 
 
289
   
 
 
 
 
376,539
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
376,828
 
Share-based compensation
 
 
67,087
   
 
 
 
 
671
   
 
 
 
 
1,242,315
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,242,986
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,731,121
   
 
 
 
 
3,731,121
 
Cash dividends declared
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5,363
 
 
 
 
 
(5,363
Grant of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
118,525
   
 
 
 
 
(118,525
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,199,840
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,199,840
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2020
 
 
26,299,946
   
 
5,649,240
   
$
263,000
   
$
56,492
   
$
269,888,980
   
$
3,704,010
   
$
226,874,806
   
$
(41,226,357
 
$
459,560,931
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)
 
 
52,964
   
 
 
 
 
530
   
 
 
 
 
720,018
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
720,548
 
Share-based compensation
 
 
160,869
   
 
 
 
 
1,608
   
 
 
 
 
2,490,136
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,491,744
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22,678,778
   
 
 
 
 
22,678,778
 
Cash dividends declared
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4,255,882
 
 
 
 
 
(4,255,882
Grant of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
76,354
   
 
 
 
 
(76,354
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive
income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,663,215
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,663,215
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, June 30, 2020
 
 
26,513,779
   
 
5,649,240
   
$
265,138
   
$
56,492
   
$
273,175,488
   
$
10,367,225
   
$
245,221,348
   
$
(41,226,357
 
$
487,859,334
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)
 
 
22,662
   
 
 
 
 
226
   
 
 
 
 
273,689
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
273,915
 
Share-based compensation
 
 
604,920
   
 
 
 
 
6,050
   
 
 
 
 
8,358,388
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,364,438
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11,836,998
   
 
 
 
 
11,836,998
 
Cash dividends declared
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4,269,001
 
 
 
 
 
(4,269,001
Grant of stock options
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
109,628
   
 
 
 
 
(109,628
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,992
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,992
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, September 30, 2020
 
 
27,141,361
   
 
5,649,240
   
$
271,414
   
$
56,492
   
$
281,917,193
   
$
10,370,217
   
$
252,679,717
   
$
(41,226,357
 
$
504,068,676
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
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Table of Contents
Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
 
                                                   
    
Nine Months Ended September 30,
    
 
 
 
    
2021
 
2020
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
                
Net income
  
$
19,981,906
   
$
38,246,897
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                
Depreciation, amortization and other
non-cash
items
  
 
4,492,720
   
 
5,115,850
 
Net investment (gains) losses
  
 
(5,139,609
 
 
940,488
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
                
Losses and loss expenses
  
 
88,155,724
   
 
72,256,493
 
Unearned premiums
  
 
61,442,456
   
 
48,083,628
 
Premiums receivable
  
 
(11,948,363
 
 
(11,941,733
Deferred acquisition costs
  
 
(11,239,809
 
 
(2,269,695
Deferred income taxes
  
 
900,430
   
 
(619,312
Reinsurance receivable
  
 
(47,742,018
 
 
(36,843,000
Prepaid reinsurance premiums
  
 
(14,935,811
 
 
(31,916,191
Accrued investment income
  
 
(1,170,798
 
 
(1,557,230
Due to affiliate
  
 
(3,979,682
)  
 
(3,613,903
Reinsurance balances payable
  
 
710,021
   
 
260,626
 
Current income taxes
  
 
(3,267,599
 
 
(4,490,180
Accrued expenses
  
 
(18,768,686
 
 
(3,869,386
Other, net
  
 
973,775
   
 
678,760
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net adjustments
  
 
38,482,751
   
 
30,215,215
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  
 
58,464,657
   
 
68,462,112
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
                
Purchases of fixed maturities, held to maturity
  
 
(106,290,824
 
 
(110,914,229
Purchases of fixed maturities, available for sale
  
 
(118,899,756
 
 
(143,743,351
Purchases of equity securities, available for sale
  
 
(25,354,790
 
 
(6,964,092
Maturity of fixed maturities:
                
Held to maturity
  
 
31,914,527
   
 
39,629,000
 
Available for sale
  
 
140,908,191
   
 
120,857,543
 
Sales of fixed maturities, available for sale
  
 
6,281,963

 
 
 
22,172,930
 
Sales of equity securities, available for sale
  
 
17,391,396
   
 
5,985,211
 
Net sales (purchases) of property and equipment
  
 
934,297
   
 
(73,706
Net sales (purchases) of short-term investments

  
 
16,206,434
 
 
 
(6,655,716
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash used in investing activities
  
 
(36,908,562
 
 
(79,706,410
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
                
Cash dividends paid
  
 
(14,184,118
 
 
(12,605,480
Issuance of common stock
  
 
13,438,245
   
 
12,407,700
 
Payments on subordinated debentures

 
 
(5,000,000

)

 
 
— 

 
Borrowing under lines of credit
  
 
 
 
 
50,000,000
 
Payments on lines of credit
  
 
(50,000,000
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
  
 
(55,745,873
 
 
49,802,220
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (decrease) increase in cash
  
 
(34,189,778
 
 
38,557,922
 
Cash at beginning of period
  
 
103,094,236
   
 
49,318,930
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash at end of period
  
$
      68,904,458
   
$
      87,876,852
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid during period - Interest
  
$
993,769
   
$
928,474
 
Net cash paid during period - Taxes
  
$
6,200,000
   
$
10,800,000
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
6

Table of Contents
DONEGAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(Unaudited)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1 -
Organization
Donegal Mutual Insurance Company (“Donegal Mutual”) organized us as an insurance holding company on August 26, 1986. Our insurance subsidiaries, Atlantic States Insurance Company (“Atlantic States”), Southern Insurance Company of Virginia (“Southern”), the Peninsula Insurance Group (“Peninsula”), which consists of Peninsula Indemnity Company and The Peninsula Insurance Company, and Michigan Insurance Company (“MICO”), and our affiliates write personal and commercial lines of property and casualty coverages exclusively through independent insurance agents in certain
Mid-Atlantic,
Midwestern, New England, Southern and Southwestern states.
We have three segments: our investment function, our commercial lines of insurance and our personal lines of i
n
surance. The commercial lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation policies. The personal lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of homeowners and private passenger automobile policies.
At September 30, 2021, Donegal Mutual held approximately
41
% of our outstanding Class A common stock and approximately
84
% of our outstanding Class B common stock. This ownership provides Donegal Mutual with approximately
70
% of the total voting power of our common stock. Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual have interrelated operations due to a pooling agreement and other intercompany agreements and transactions. While each company maintains its separate corporate existence, our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual conduct business together as the Donegal Insurance Group. As such, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share the same business philosophy, the same management, the same employees and the same facilities and offer the same types of insurance products.
Atlantic States, our largest subsidiary, participates in a proportional reinsurance agreement, or pooling agreement, with Donegal Mutual. Under the pooling agreement, Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States contribute substantially all of their respective premiums, losses and loss expenses to the underwriting pool, and the underwriting pool, acting through Donegal Mutual, then allocates 80% of the pooled business to Atlantic States. Thus, Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States share the underwriting results of the pooled business in proportion to their respective participation in the underwriting pool.
In addition, Donegal Mutual has a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement with Southern Mutual Insurance Company, or Southern Mutual. Donegal Mutual places its assumed business from Southern Mutual into the underwriting pool.
Donegal Mutual completed the merger of Mountain States Mutual Casualty Company, or Mountain States, with and into Donegal Mutual effective May 25, 2017. Donegal Mutual was the surviving company in the merger, and Mountain States’ insurance subsidiaries, Mountain States Indemnity Company and Mountain States Commercial Insurance Company (collectively, the “Mountain States insurance subsidiaries”), became insurance subsidiaries of Donegal Mutual upon completion of the merger. Upon completion of the merger, Donegal Mutual assumed all of the policy obligations of Mountain States and began to market its products together with the Mountain States insurance subsidiaries as the Mountain States Insurance Group in four Southwestern states. Donegal Mutual also entered into a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement with the Mountain States insurance subsidiaries on the merger date. Beginning with policies effective in 2021, Donegal Mutual began to place the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group into the underwriting pool. As a result, our consolidated financial results through December 31, 2020 excluded the results of the Mountain States Insurance Group operations in those Southwestern states.
The same executive management and underwriting personnel administer products, classes of business underwritten, pricing practices and underwriting standards of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries. In addition, as the Donegal Insurance Group, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share a combined business plan to achieve market penetration and underwriting profitability objectives. The products our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual market are generally complementary, thereby allowing the Donegal Insurance Group to offer a broader range of products to a given market and to expand the Donegal Insurance Group’s ability to service an entire personal lines or commercial lines account. Distinctions within the products of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries generally relate to specific risk profiles targeted within similar classes of business, such as preferred tier versus standard tier products, but we do not allocate all of the standard risk gradients to one company. Therefore, the underwriting profitability of the business the individual companies write directly will vary. However, the underwriting pool homogenizes the risk characteristics of all business that Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States write directly. The business Atlantic States derives from the underwriting pool represents a significant percentage of our total consolidated revenues.
 
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2 -
Basis of Presentation
Our financial information for the interim periods included in this Form
10-Q
Report is unaudited; however, our financial information we include in this Form
10-Q
Report reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of our management, are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for those interim periods. Our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations we expect for the year ending December 31, 2021.
We recommend you read the interim financial statements we include in this Form
10-Q
Report in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes to our financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2020.
 
3 -
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
 
We have two classes of common stock, which we refer to as our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock. Our certificate of incorporation provides that whenever our board of directors declares a dividend on our Class B common stock, our board of directors shall simultaneously declare a dividend on our Class A common stock that is payable to the holders of our Class A common stock at the same time and as of the same record date at a rate that is at least 10% greater than the rate at which our board of directors declared a dividend on our Class B common stock. Accordingly, we use the two-class method to compute our earnings (loss) per common share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings (loss) per share separately for each class of common stock based on dividends we have declared and an allocation of our remaining undistributed earnings (loss) using a participation percentage that reflects the dividend rights of each class.
The table below presents for the periods indicated a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators we used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock:
 
     
                  
     
                  
     
                  
     
                  
 
 
  
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
  
2021
 
2020
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Class A
 
Class B
 
Class A
  
Class B
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
(in thousands, except per share data)
Basic (loss) earnings per share:
  
     
 
     
 
     
  
     
Numerator:
  
     
 
     
 
     
  
     
Allocation of net (loss) income
  
$
(5,592
 
$
(1,120
 
$
9,768
 
  
$
2,069
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Denominator:
  
     
 
     
 
     
  
     
Weighted-average shares outstanding
  
 
25,676
 
 
 
5,577
 
 
 
23,767
 
  
 
5,577
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Basic (loss) earnings per share
  
$
(0.22
 
$
(0.20
 
$
0.41
 
  
$
0.37
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
    
  
     
 
     
 
     
  
     
Diluted (loss) earnings per share:
  
     
 
     
 
     
  
     
Numerator:
  
     
 
     
 
     
  
     
Allocation of net (loss) income
  
$
(5,592
 
$
(1,120
 
$
9,768
 
  
$
2,069
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Denominator:
  
     
 
     
 
     
  
     
Number of shares used in basic computation
  
 
25,676
 
 
 
5,577
 
 
 
23,767
 
  
 
5,577
 
Weighted-average shares effect of dilutive securities:
  
     
 
     
 
     
  
     
Director and employee stock options
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
170
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Number of shares used in diluted computation
  
 
25,676
 
 
 
5,577
 
 
 
23,937
 
  
 
5,577
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Diluted (loss) earnings per share
  
$
(0.22
 
$
(0.20
 
$
0.41
 
  
$
0.37
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
                                 
 
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Table of Contents
                                                                                                     
 
                        
 
                                               
 
                        
    
Nine Months Ended September 30,
    
2021
  
2020
    
Class A
 
  
Class B
  
Class A
 
  
Class B
    
(in thousands, except per share data)
Basic earnings per share:
      
 
               
 
        
Numerator:
      
 
               
 
        
Allocation of net income
  
$
16,682
 
  
$
3,300
    
$
31,495
 
  
$
6,752
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Denominator:
      
 
               
 
        
Weighted-average shares outstanding
  
 
25,265
 
  
 
5,577
    
 
23,494
 
  
 
5,577
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share
  
$
0.66
 
  
$
0.59
    
$
1.34
 
  
$
1.21
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
    
      
 
               
 
        
Diluted earnings per share:
      
 
               
 
        
Numerator:
      
 
               
 
        
Allocation of net income
  
$
16,682
 
  
$
3,300
    
$
31,495
 
  
$
6,752
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Denominator:
      
 
               
 
        
Number of shares used in basic computation
  
 
25,265
 
  
 
5,577
    
 
23,494
 
  
 
5,577
 
Weighted-average shares effect of dilutive sec
u
rities:
      
 
               
 
        
Director and employee stock options
  
 
179
 
  
 
 
  
 
185
 
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Number of shares used in diluted computation
  
 
25,444
 
  
 
5,577
    
 
23,679
 
  
 
5,577
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share
  
$
0.66
 
  
$
0.59
    
$
1.33
 
  
$
1.21
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 

We did not include outstanding options to purchase the following number of shares of Class A common stock in our computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because the exercise price of the options exceeded the average market price of our Class A common stock during the applicable periods.
 
                                                                                                   
 
    
Three Months Ended September 30,
  
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
         
 
    
2021
  
 
 
2020
  
2021
  
 
 
2020
 
         
 
Number of options to purchase Class A shares excluded
  
 
    
 
6,180,592
    
 
4,839,910
    
 
6,180,592
 
We did not include any effect of dilutive securities in the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share for the three months ended September 30, 2021 because we sustained a net loss for this period.
 
4 - 
Reinsurance
Atlantic States and Donegal Mutual have participated in a pooling agreement since 1986 under which they pool their direct premiums written, and Atlantic States and Donegal Mutual then share the underwriting results of the pool in accordance with the terms of the pooling agreement. Atlantic States has an 80% share of the results of the pool, and Donegal Mutual has a 20% share of the results of the pool. Donegal Mutual began placing the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group into the pool beginning with policies effective in 2021.
Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual have a combined third-party reinsurance program. The coverage and parameters of the program are common to all of our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual. Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual use several different reinsurers. They require their reinsurers to maintain an A.M. Best rating of
A-
(Excellent) or better or, with respect to foreign reinsurers, have a financial condition that, in the opinion of our management, is equivalent to a company with at least an
A-
rating from A.M. Best. The following information describes the external reinsurance our insurance subsidiaries have in place for 2021:
 
   
excess of loss reinsurance, under which the losses of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries are automatically reinsured, through a series of contracts, over a set retention of $2.0 million; and

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catastrophe reinsurance, under which Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries recover, through a series of reinsurance agreements, 100% of an accumulation of many losses resulting from a single event, including natural disasters, over a set retention of $15.0 million up to aggregate losses of $185.0 million per occurrence.
In addition to the pooling agreement and third-party reinsurance, our insurance subsidiaries have a catastrophe reinsurance agreement with Donegal Mutual, under which each of our insurance subsidiaries recovers 100% of an accumulation of multiple losses resulting from a single event, including natural disasters, over a set retention of $2.0 million up to aggregate losses of $13.0 million per occurrence. The agreement also provides additional coverage for an accumulation of losses from a single event including a combination of our insurance subsidiaries over a combined retention of $5.0 million.
Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual also purchase facultative reinsurance to cover certain exposures, including property exposures that exceeded the limits provided by their respective treaty reinsurance.


5 -
Investments
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of our fixed maturities at September 30, 2021 were as follows:
 
                        
 
                      
 
                      
 
                      
 
   
Amortized Cost
 
 
Gross Unrealized
Gains
 
 
Gross Unrealized
Losses
 
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Held to Maturity
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
 
$
93,686
 
 
$
2,455
 
 
$
829
 
 
$
95,312
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
 
355,461
 
 
 
17,087
 
 
 
1,449
 
 
 
371,099
 
Corporate securities
 
 
194,188
 
 
 
13,496
 
 
 
644
 
 
 
207,040
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
17,745
 
 
 
911
 
 
 
 
 
 
18,656
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Totals
 
$
661,080
 
 
$
33,949
 
 
$
2,922
 
 
$
692,107
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                        
 
                      
 
                      
 
                      
 
   
Amortized Cost
 
 
Gross Unrealized
Gains
 
 
Gross Unrealized
Losses
 
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Available for Sale
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
 
$
27,500
 
 
$
206
 
 
$
277
 
 
$
27,429
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
 
57,221
 
 
 
2,048
 
 
 
67
 
 
 
59,202
 
Corporate securities
 
 
203,519
 
 
 
8,588
 
 
 
365
 
 
 
211,742
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
218,273
 
 
 
4,590
 
 
 
745
 
 
 
222,118
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Totals
 
$
506,513
 
 
$
15,432
 
 
$
1,454
 
 
$
520,491
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At September 30, 2021, our holdings of obligations of states and political subdivisions included general obligation bonds with an aggregate fair value of $275.4 million and an amortized cost of $264.2 million. Our holdings at September 30, 2021 also included special revenue bonds with an aggregate fair value of $154.9 million and an amortized cost of $148.5 million. With respect to both categories of those bonds at September 30, 2021, we held no securities of any issuer that comprised more than 10% of our holdings of either bond category. Education bonds and water and sewer utility bonds represented 47% and 35%, respectively, of our total investments in special revenue bonds based on the carrying values of these investments at September 30, 2021. Many of the issuers of the special revenue bonds we held at September 30, 2021 have the authority to impose ad valorem taxes. In that respect, many of the special revenue bonds we held at September 30, 2021 are similar to general obligation bonds.
 
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The amortized cost and estimated fair values of our fixed maturities at December 31, 2020 were as follows:
 
                                                                                                   
 
   
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Held to Maturity
                             
 
U.S.
 
Treasury
 
securities
 
and
 
obligations
 
of
 
U.S.
 
government
 
corporations
and agencies
 
$
77,435
   
$
3,984
   
$
223
   
$
81,196
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
 
312,319
   
 
23,212
   
 
143
   
 
335,388
 
Corporate securities
 
 
173,270
   
 
18,172
   
 
206
   
 
191,236
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
23,585
   
 
1,236
   
 
 
 
 
24,821
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Totals
 
$
586,609
   
$
46,604
   
$
572
   
 
$
632,641
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                   
 
   
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Available for Sale
                             
 
U.S.
 
Treasury
 
securities
 
and
 
obligations
 
of
 
U.S.
 
government
 
corporations
and agencies
 
$
47,512
   
$
424
 
$
121
   
$
47,815
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
 
66,287
   
 
2,690
   
 
12
   
 
68,965
 
Corporate securities
 
 
202,396
   
 
10,496
   
 
184
   
 
212,708
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
218,763
   
 
6,902
   
 
17
   
 
225,648
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Totals
 
$
534,958
   
$
20,512
   
$
334
   
 
$
555,136
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At December 31, 2020, our holdings of obligations of states and political subdivisions included general obligation bonds with an aggregate fair value of $263.6 million and an amortized cost of $247.5 million. Our holdings also included special revenue bonds with an aggregate fair value of $140.8 million and an amortized cost of $131.1 million. With respect to both categories of bonds, we held no securities of any issuer that comprised more than 10% of that category at December 31, 2020. Education bonds and water and sewer utility bonds represented 44% and 39%, respectively, of our total investments in special revenue bonds based on their carrying values at December 31, 2020. Many of the issuers of the special revenue bonds we held at December 31, 2020 have the authority to impose ad valorem taxes. In that respect, many of the special revenue bonds we held are similar to general obligation bonds.
We made reclassifications from available for sale to held to maturity of certain fixed maturities at fair value on November 30, 2013. We segregated within accumulated other comprehensive income the net unrealized losses of $15.1 million arising prior to the November 30, 2013 reclassifications. We are amortizing this balance over the remaining life of the related securities as an adjustment to yield in a manner consistent with the accretion of discount on the same fixed maturities. We recorded amortization of $
738,815
and $1.1 million in other comprehensive income
 (loss)
during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, net unrealized losses of $
5.3
 million and $6.1 million, respectively, remained within accumulated other comprehensive income.
 
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We show below the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our fixed maturities at September 30, 2021 by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers of the securities may have the right to call or pre
p
ay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties
.
 
                                                 
 
    
Amortized Cost
  
Estimated Fair
Value
 
    
(in thousands)
 
Held to maturity
               
 
Due in one year or less
  
$
36,112
    
$
36,838
 
Due after one year through five years
  
 
82,968
    
 
87,988
 
Due after five years through ten years
  
 
232,949
    
 
244,151
 
Due after ten years
  
 
291,306
    
 
304,474
 
Mortgage-backed securities
  
 
17,745
    
 
18,656
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total held to maturity
  
$
661,080
    
$
692,107
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
    
               
 
Available for sale
               
 
Due in one year or less
  
$
22,414
    
$
22,809
 
Due after one year through five years
  
 
120,648
    
 
126,744
 
Due after five years through ten years
  
 
113,678
    
 
116,556
 
Due after ten years
  
 
31,500
    
 
32,264
 
Mortgage-backed securities
  
 
218,273
    
 
222,118
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total available for sale
  
$
506,513
    
$
520,491
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
The cost and estimated fair values of our equity securities at September 30, 2021 were as follows:
 
                                                                                                 
   
Cost
 
Gross Gains
 
Gross Losses
 
Estimated Fair
Value
   
(in thousands)
Equity securities
 
$
50,864
   
$
20,576
   
$
257
 
$
71,183
The cost and estimated fair values of our equity securities at December 31, 2020 were as follows:
 
                                                                                                 
 
 
Cost
 
Gross Gains
 
Gross Losses
 
Estimated Fair
Value
   
(in thousands)
Equity securities
 
$
42,410
   
$
17,103
   
$
957
 
$
58,556
 
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Gross investment gains and losses before applicable income taxes for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
 
                                                                                                     
 
  
Three Months Ended September 30,
  
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
  
2021
  
2020
  
2021
 
2020
    
(in thousands)
  
(in thousands)
Gross investment gains:
                                 
Fixed maturities
  
$
86
   
$
159
    
$
610
   
 
$
811
 
Equity securities
  
 
   
 
3,131
    
 
5,287
   
 
5,617
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
86
   
 
3,290
    
 
5,897
   
 
6,428
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross investment losses:
                                 
Fixed maturities
  
 
82
   
 
22
    
 
156
   
 
240
 
Equity securities
  
 
1,574
   
 
 
  
 
601
   
 
7,128
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
1,656
   
 
22
    
 
757
   
 
7,368
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment 
(losses) gains
  
$
(1,570
)  
$
3,268
    
$
5,140
   
$
(940
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                  
We recognized $
4.7
 million of gains and $
248,146
of losses on equity securities we held at September 30, 2021 in net investment gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. We recognized $5.6 million of gains and $3.6 million of losses on equity securities we held at September 30, 2020 in net investment losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
We held fixed maturities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at September 30, 2021 as follows:
 
                        
 
                      
 
                      
 
                      
 
    
Less Than 12 Months
 
  
More Than 12 Months
 
    
Fair Value
 
  
Unrealized Losses
 
  
Fair Value
 
  
Unrealized Losses
 
    
(in thousands)
 
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
  
$
36,355
 
  
$
566
 
  
$
17,458
 
  
$
540
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
  
 
77,320
 
  
 
1,327
 
  
 
6,532
 
  
 
189
 
Corporate securities
  
 
56,319
 
  
 
726
 
  
 
3,217
 
  
 
283
 
Mortgage-backed securities
  
 
75,372
 
  
 
742
 
  
 
133
 
  
 
3
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Totals
  
$
245,366
 
  
$
3,361
 
  
$
27,340
 
  
$
1,015
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
We held fixed maturities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at December 31, 2020 as follows:
 
 
                        
 
                      
 
                                                 
    
Less Than 12 Months
 
  
More Than 12 Months
    
Fair Value
 
  
Unrealized Losses
 
  
Fair Value
  
Unrealized Losses
    
(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
  
$
29,144
 
  
$
345
 
  
$
    
$
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
  
 
9,362
 
  
 
154
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
Corporate securities
  
 
26,143
 
  
 
115
 
  
 
8,230
    
 
276
 
Mortgage-backed securities
  
 
3,091
 
  
 
15
 
  
 
236
    
 
1
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Totals
  
$
67,740
 
  
$
629
 
  
$
8,466
    
$
277
 
    
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
We make estimates concerning the valuation of our investments and the recognition of other-than-temporary declines in the value of our investments. For equity securities, we measure investments at fair value, and we recognize changes in fair value in our results of operations. With respect to a debt security that is in an unrealized loss position, we first assess if we intend to sell the debt security. If we determine we intend to sell the debt security, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we do not intend to sell the debt security, we determine whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery. If we determine it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we determine it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we then evaluate whether a credit loss has occurred with respect to that security. We determine whether a credit loss has occurred by comparing the amortized cost of the debt
 
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3

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security to the present value of the cash flows we expect to collect. If we expect a cash flow shortfall, we consider that a credit loss has occurred. If we determine that a credit loss has occurred, we consider the impairment to be other than temporary. We then recognize the amount of the impairment loss related to the credit loss in our results of operations, and we recognize the remaining portion of the impairme
n
t loss in our other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. In addition, we may write down securities in an unrealized loss position based on a number of other factors, including when the fair value of an investment is significantly below its cost, when the financial condition of the issuer of a security has deteriorated, the occurrence of industry, issuer or geographic events that have negatively impacted the value of a security and rating agency downgrades. We held
 
139
debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2021. Based upon our analysis of general market cond
i
tions and underlying factors impacting these debt securities, we considered these declines in value to be temporary.
We amortize premiums and discounts on debt securities over the life of the security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. We compute realized investment gains and losses using the specific identification method.
We amortize premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed debt securities using anticipated prepayments.
 
6 -
Segment Information
We evaluate
 the performance of our personal lines and commercial lines segments based upon the underwriting results of our insurance subsidiaries using statutory accounting principles (“SAP”) that various state insurance departments prescribe or permit. Our management uses SAP to measure the performance of our insurance subsidiaries instead of United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). SAP financial measures are considered
non-GAAP
financial measures under applicable SEC rules because they include or exclude certain items that the most
comparable GAAP financial measures do not ordinarily include or exclude.
Financial data by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:
 
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4

Table of Contents
                                                   
    
Three Months Ended September 30,
    
2021
 
2020
    
(in thousands)
Revenues:
                
Premiums earned:
                
Commercial lines
  
$
119,709
  
 
$
103,436
 
Personal lines
  
 
76,526
   
 
81,490
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP premiums earned
  
 
196,235
   
 
184,926
 
Net investment income
  
 
7,764
   
 
7,403
 
Investment
(losses) 
gains
  
 
(1,570
)  
 
3,268
 
Other
  
 
677
   
 
915
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
  
$
203,106
   
$
196,512
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) income
 before income tax
(benefit) 
expense:
                
Underwriting
(loss) 
income:
                
Commercial lines
  
$
(10,962
)  
$
(1,703
Personal lines
  
 
(4,976
)  
 
6,427
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SAP underwriting
(loss) 
income
  
 
(15,938
)  
 
4,724
 
GAAP adjustments
  
 
864
   
 
(1,576
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP underwriting
(loss) 
income
  
 
(15,074
)  
 
3,148
 
Net investment income
  
 
7,764
   
 
7,403
 
Investment
(losses) 
gains
  
 
(1,570
)  
 
3,268
 
Other
  
 
250
   
 
513
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) income
 before income tax
(benefit) 
expense
  
$
(8,630
)  
$
14,332
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                   
    
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 
    
2021
 
2020
    
(in thousands)
Revenues:
                
Premiums earned:
                
Commercial lines
  
$
344,234
   
$
307,080
 
Personal lines
  
 
231,741
   
 
249,472
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP premiums earned
  
 
575,975
   
 
556,552
 
Net investment income
  
 
22,926
   
 
21,952
 
Investment gains (losses)
  
 
5,140
   
 
(940
Other
  
 
2,181
   
 
2,759
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
  
$
606,222
   
$
580,323
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax expense:
                
Underwriting (loss) income:
                
Commercial lines
  
$
(17,437
 
$
2,203
 
Personal lines
  
 
608
   
 
19,528
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SAP underwriting (loss) income
  
 
(16,829
 
 
21,731
 
GAAP adjustments
  
 
12,101
   
 
1,186
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP underwriting
(loss) 
income
  
 
(4,728
)  
 
22,917
 
Net investment income
  
 
22,926
   
 
21,952
 
Investment gains (losses)
  
 
5,140
   
 
(940
Other
  
 
480
   
 
894
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax expense
  
$
23,818
   
$
44,823
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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7 -
Borrowings
Lines of Credit
In August 2020, we entered into a credit agreement with Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company (“M&T”) that related to a $20.0 million unsecured demand line of credit. The line of credit has no expiration date, no annual fees and no covenants. At September 30, 2021, we had no outstanding borrowings from M&T and had the ability to borrow up to $20.0 million at interest rates equal to the then-current LIBOR rate plus 2.00%.
Atlantic States is a member of the FHLB of Pittsburgh. Through its membership, Atlantic States h
a
s the ability to issue debt to the FHLB of Pittsburgh in exchange for cash advances. Atlantic States has a fixed-rate cash advance of $35.0 million that was outstanding at September 30, 2021. The cash advance carries a fixed interest rate of 1.74% and is due in August 2024. In March 2020, Atlantic States issued $50.0 million of debt to the FHLB of Pittsburgh in exchange for a cash advance in the same amount that carried a fixed interest rate of 0.83%. Atlantic States obtained this contingent liquidity funding in light of uncertainty surrounding the economic impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic. Atlantic States repaid this advance when it became due in March 2021. The table below presents the amount of FHLB of Pittsburgh stock Atlantic States purchased, collateral pledged and assets related to Atlantic States’ membership in the FHLB of Pittsburgh at September 30, 2021.
 
FHLB of Pittsburgh stock purchased and owned
   $ 1,575,600  
   
Collateral pledged, at par (carrying value $41,831,206)
     41,155,784  
   
Borrowing capacity currently available
     5,504,094  
S
ubordinated Debentures
In September 2021, upon receipt of approval from the Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services, MIC
O repaid in full the $5.0 million surplus note held previously by Donegal Mutual, along with accrued interest of $178,082.
 
8 -
Share–Based Compensation
We measure all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, and use a fair-value-based method for the recording of related compensation expense in our results of operations. In determining the expense we record for stock options granted to directors and employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates, we estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The significant assumptions we utilize in applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model are the risk-free interest rate, the expected term, the dividend yield and the expected volatility.
We recorded compensation expense related to our stock compensation plans of
$
181,595 and $219,051 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with a corresponding income tax benefit of $38,135 and $46,001, respectively. We recorded compensation expense related to our stock compensation plans of $778,763 and $863,592 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with a corresponding income tax benefit of $163,540 and $181,354, respectively. At September 30, 2021, we had $852,888 of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share-based compensation granted under our stock compensation plans that we expect to recognize over a weighted average period of approximately 1.4 years.
We received cash from option exercises under all stock compensation plans during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 of $
764,956
 and $8.1 million, respectively. We received cash from option exercises under all stock compensation plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 of $
12.2
 million and $11.2 million, respectively. We realized actual tax benefits for the tax deductions related to those option exercises of $
16,655
and $163,245 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We realized actual tax benefits for the tax deductions related to those option exercises of $
437,790
and $232,123 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
 

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6

Table of Contents
9 -
Fair Value Measurements
We account for financial assets using a framework that establishes a hierarchy that ranks the quality and reliability of the inputs, or assumptions, we use in the determination of fair value, and we classify financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in one of the following three categories:
Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;
Level 2 – directly or indirectly observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices; and
Level 3 – unobservable inputs not corroborated by market data.
For investments that have quoted market prices in active markets, we use the quoted market price as fair value and include these investments in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. We classify publicly-traded equity securities as Level 1. When quoted market prices in active markets are not available, we base fair values on quoted market prices of comparable instruments or price estimates we obtain from independent pricing services and include these investments in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. We classify our fixed maturity investments as Level 2. Our fixed maturity investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate securities and mortgage-backed securities.
We present our investments in
available-for-sale
fixed maturity and equity securities at estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of a security may differ from the amount that could be realized if we sold the security in a forced transaction. In addition, the valuation of fixed maturity investments is more subjective when markets are less liquid, increasing the potential that the estimated fair value does not reflect the price at which an actual transaction would occur. We utilize nationally 
recognized independent pricing services to estimate fair values or obtain market quotations for substantially all of our fixed maturity and equity investments. These pricing services utilize market quotations for fixed maturity and equity securities that have quoted prices in active markets. For fixed maturity securities that generally do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing services prepare estimates of fair value measurements based predominantly on observable market inputs. The pricing services do not use broker quotes in determining the fair values of our investments. Our investment personnel review the estimates of fair value the pricing services provide to verify that the estimates we obtain from the pricing services are representative of fair values based upon our investment personnel’s general knowledge of the market, their research findings related to unusual fluctuations in value and their comparison of such values to execution prices for similar securities. Our investment personnel regularly monitor the market, current trading ranges for similar securities and the pricing of specific investments. Our investment personnel review all pricing estimates that we receive from the pricing services against their expectations with respect to pricing based on fair market curves, security ratings, interest rates, security types and recent trading activity. Our investment personnel periodically review documentation with respect to the pricing services’ pricing methodology that they obtain to determine if the primary pricing sources, market inputs and pricing frequency for various security types are reasonable. At September 30, 2021, we received two estimates per security from the pricing services, and we priced substantially all of our Level 1 and Level 2 investments using those prices. In our review of the estimates the pricing services provided at September 30, 2021, we did not identify any material discrepancies, and we did not make any adjustments to the estimates the pricing services provided.
We present our cash and short-term investments at estimated fair value. We classify these items as Level 1.
The carrying values we report in our balance sheet for premium receivables and reinsurance receivables and payables for premiums and paid losses and loss expenses approximate their fair values. The carrying amounts we report in our balance sheets for our subordinated debentures and borrowings under lines of credit approximate their fair values. We classify these items as Level 3.
We evaluate our assets and liabilities to determine the appropriate level at which to classify them for each reporting period.
 
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Table of Contents
The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in
available-for-sale
fi
x
ed maturity and equity securities at September 
30
,
2021
:
 
                        
 
                                               
 
                        
   
Fair Value Measurements Using
   
Fair Value
 
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
   
(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
 
$
27,429
 
 
$
   
$
27,429
 
 
$
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
 
59,202
 
 
 
 
 
 
59,202
 
 
 
 
Corporate securities
 
 
211,742
 
 
 
 
 
 
211,742
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
222,118
 
 
 
 
 
 
222,118
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
 
 
71,183
 
 
 
68,893
   
 
2,290
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total investments in the fair value hierarchy
 
$
591,674
 
 
$
68,893
   
$
522,781
 
 
$
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in
a
v
ailable-for-sale
fixed maturity and equity securities at December 31, 2020:
 
                        
 
                      
 
                      
 
                      
 
   
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
   
Fair Value
 
 
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)
 
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies
 
$
47,815
 
 
$
 
 
$
47,815
 
 
$
 
Obligations of states and political subdivisions
 
 
68,965
 
 
 
 
 
 
68,965
 
 
 
 
Corporate securities
 
 
212,708
 
 
 
 
 
 
212,708
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
225,648
 
 
 
 
 
 
225,648
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
 
 
58,556
 
 
 
54,152
 
 
 
4,404
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Totals
 
$
613,692
 
 
$
54,152
 
 
$
559,540
 
 
$
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10 -
Income Taxes
At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, we had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. Tax years 2016 through 2020 remained open for examination at September 30, 2021. We provide a valuation allowance when we believe it is more likely than not that we will not realize some portion of our tax assets. We established a valuation allowance of $
7.9
 million for our net state operating loss carryforward. We have determined that we are not required to establish a valuation allowance for our other deferred tax assets of $
28.1
 million and $26.7 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, because it is more likely than not that we will realize these deferred tax assets through reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable income and the implementation of tax planning strategies.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law. The CARES Act amended net operating loss provisions in effect prior to its enactment. The CARES Act allows for the carryback of losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2021 to each of the five taxable years preceding the taxable year of such loss. As a result, we filed amended tax returns in 2020 to carry back net operating losses from taxable year 2018 to past tax years. We recorded a tax benefit of $1.6 million in the first quarter of 2020 in anticipation of a refund of taxes we paid in prior years as a result of the carryback.
 
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Table of Contents
11 -
Liabilities for Losses and Loss Expenses
The establishment of appropriate liabilities for losses and loss expenses is an inherently uncertain process, and we can provide no assurance that our insurance subsidiaries’ ultimate liabilities for losses and loss expenses will not exceed their loss and loss expense reserves and have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, we cannot predict the timing, frequency and extent of adjustments to our insurance subsidiaries’ estimated future liabilities, because the historical conditions and events that serve as a basis for our insurance subsidiaries’ estimates of ultimate claim costs may change. As is the case for substantially all property and casualty insurance companies, our insurance subsidiaries have found it necessary in the past to increase their estimated future liabilities for losses and loss expenses in certain periods, and, in other periods, their estimated future liabilities for losses and loss expenses have exceeded their actual liabilities for losses and loss expenses. Changes in our insurance subsidiaries’ estimate of their liabilities for losses and loss expenses generally reflect actual payments and their evaluation of information received subsequent to the prior reporting period.
We summarize activity in our insurance subsidiaries’ liabilities for losses and loss expenses as follows:
 
    
Nine
 
Months
 
Ended
 
September
 
30,
 
    
2021
    
2020
 
 
 
 
 
     (in thousands)  
Balance at January 1
   $     962,007      $     869,674  
Less reinsurance recoverable
     (404,818      (362,768
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Net balance at January 1
     557,189        506,906  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Incurred related to:
                 
Current year
     407,193        353,798  
Prior years
     (25,874      (10,321
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total incurred
     381,319        343,477  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Paid related to:
                 
Current year
     183,165        169,610  
Prior years
     149,910        139,024  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total paid
     333,075        308,634  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Net balance at end of period
     605,433        541,749  
Plus reinsurance recoverable
     444,730        400,181  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Balance at end of period
   $ 1,050,163      $ 941,930  
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Our insurance subsidiaries
recognized a decrease in their liabilities for losses and loss expenses of prior years of $
25.9
 million
and $10.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our insurance sub
s
idiaries made no significant changes in their reserving philosophy or claims management personnel, and they have made no significant offsetting changes in estimates that increased or decreased their loss and loss expense reserves in those years. The 2021 development represented
4.6
% of the December 31, 2020 net carried reserves and resulted primarily from lower-than-expected loss emergence or severity in nearly all lines of business. The majority of the 2021 development related to decreases in the liabilities for losses and loss expenses of prior years for Atlantic States and MICO. The 2020 development represented 2.0% of the December 31, 2019 net carried reserves and resulted primarily from lower-than-expected severity in nearly all lines of business, with the exception of modest higher-than-expected severity in commercial automobile. The majority of the 2020 development related to decreases in the liabilities for losses and loss expenses of prior years for Atlantic States and MICO.
Short-duration contracts are contracts for which our insurance subsidiaries receive premiums that they recognize as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection our insurance subsidiaries provide. Our insurance subsidiaries consider the policies they issue to be short-duration contracts. We consider the material lines of business of our insurance subsidiaries to be personal automobile, homeowners, commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation.
Our insurance subsidiaries determine incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves by subtracting the cumulative loss and loss expense amounts our insurance subsidiaries have paid and the case reserves our insurance subsidiaries have established at the balance sheet date from their actuaries’ estimate of the ultimate cost of losses and loss expenses. Accordingly, the IBNR reserves of our insurance subsidiaries include their actuaries’ projections of the cost of unreported claims as well as their actuaries’ projected development of case reserves on known claims and reopened claims. Our insurance subsidiaries’ methodology for estimating IBNR reserves has been in place for many years, and their actuaries made no significant changes to that methodology during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
 
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The actuaries for our insurance subsidiaries generally prepare an initial estimate for ultimate losses and loss expenses for the current accident year by multiplying earned premium by an expected loss ratio for each line of business our insurance subsidiaries write. Expected loss ratios represent the actuaries’ expectation of losses at the time our insurance subsidiaries price and write their policies and before the emergence of any actual claims experience. The actuaries determine an expected loss ratio by analyzing historical experience and adjusting for loss cost trends, loss frequency and severity trends, premium rate level changes, reported and paid loss emergence patterns and other known or observed factors.
The actuaries use a variety of actuarial methods to estimate the ultimate cost of losses and loss e
x
penses. These methods include paid loss development, incurred loss development and the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method. The actuaries base their selection of a point estimate on a judgmental weighting of the estimates each of these methods produce.
The actuaries consider loss frequency and severity trends when they develop expected loss ratios and point estimates. Loss frequency is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity is a measure of the average size of claims. Factors that affect loss frequency include changes in weather patterns and economic activity. Factors that affect loss severity include changes in policy limits, reinsurance retentions, inflation rates and judicial interpretations.
Our insurance subsidiaries create a claim file when they receive notice of an actual demand for payment, an event that may lead to a demand for payment or when they otherwise determine that a demand for payment could potentially lead to a future demand for payment on another coverage under the same policy or another policy they have issued. In recent years, our insurance subsidiaries have noted an increase in the period of time between the occurrence of a casualty loss event and the date at which they receive notice of a liability claim. Changes in the length of time between the loss occurrence date and the claim reporting date affect the actuaries’ ability to predict loss frequency accurately and the amount of IBNR reserves our insurance subsidiaries require.
Our insurance subsidiaries generally create a claim file for a policy at the claimant level by type of coverage and generally recognize one count for each claim event. In certain lines of business where it is common for multiple parties to claim damages arising from a single claim event, our insurance subsidiaries recognize one count for each claimant involved in the event. Atlantic States recognizes one count for each claim event, or claimant involved in a multiple-party claim event, related to losses Atlantic States assumes through its participation in its pooling agreement with Donegal Mutual. Our insurance subsidiaries accumulate the claim counts and report them by line of business.
 
12
- Impact of New Accounting Standards
In September 2016, the FASB issued guidance that amends previous guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by adding an impairment model that requires an entity to recognize expected credit losses as an allowance rather than impairments as credit losses are incurred. The intent of this guidance is to reduce complexity and result in a more timely recognition of expected credit losses. In November 2019, the FASB issued guidance that delays the effective date for “smaller reporting companies,” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of
Regulation S-K, to
annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 from December 15, 2019. We are a smaller reporting company and are in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies accounting for income taxes. The guidance eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The guidance was effective January 1, 2021, using the retrospective method or modified retrospective method for certain changes and the prospective method for all other changes, and permits early adoption. Our adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2021 did not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
We recommend that you read the following information in conjunction with the historical financial information and the footnotes to that financial information we include in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q.
We also recommend you read Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We combine our financial statements with those of our insurance subsidiaries and present our financial statements on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.
 
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Our insurance subsidiaries make estimates and assumptions that can have a significant effect on amounts and disclosures we report in our financial statements. The most significant estimates relate to the liabilities of our insurance subsidiaries for property and casualty insurance losses and loss expenses. While we believe our estimates and the estimates of our insurance subsidiaries are appropriate, the ultimate amounts of these liabilities may differ from the estimates we provided. We regularly review our methods for making these estimates and we reflect any adjustment we consider necessary in our current consolidated results of operations.
Liabilities for Losses and Loss Expenses
Liabilities for losses and loss expenses are estimates at a given point in time of the amounts an insurer expects to pay with respect to incurred policyholder claims based on facts and circumstances the insurer knows at that point in time. For example, legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may expand coverage definitions, retroactively mandate coverage or otherwise require our insurance subsidiaries to pay losses for damages that their policies explicitly excluded or did not intend to cover. At the time of establishing its estimates, an insurer recognizes that its ultimate liabilities for losses and loss expenses will exceed or be less than such estimates. Our insurance subsidiaries base their estimates of liabilities for losses and loss expenses on assumptions as to future loss trends, expected claims severity, judicial theories of liability and other factors. However, during the loss adjustment period, our insurance subsidiaries may learn additional facts regarding individual claims, and, consequently, it often becomes necessary for our insurance subsidiaries to refine and adjust their estimates for these liabilities. We reflect any adjustments to the liabilities for losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries in our consolidated results of operations in the period in which our insurance subsidiaries make adjustments to their estimates.
Our insurance subsidiaries maintain liabilities for the payment of losses and loss expenses with respect to both reported and unreported claims. Our insurance subsidiaries establish these liabilities for the purpose of covering the ultimate costs of settling all losses, including investigation and litigation costs. Our insurance subsidiaries base the amount of their liability for reported losses primarily upon a
case-by-case
evaluation of the type of risk involved, knowledge of the circumstances surrounding each claim and the insurance policy provisions relating to the type of loss the policyholder incurred. Our insurance subsidiaries determine the amount of their liability for unreported claims and loss expenses on the basis of historical information by line of insurance. Our insurance subsidiaries account for inflation in the reserving function through analysis of costs and trends and reviews of historical reserving results. Our insurance subsidiaries monitor their liabilities closely and recompute them periodically using new information on reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques. Our insurance subsidiaries do not discount their liabilities for losses and loss expenses.
 
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Reserve estimates can change over time because of unexpected changes in assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ external environment and, to a lesser extent, assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ internal operations. For example, our insurance subsidiaries have experienced an increase in claims severity and a lengthening of the claim settlement periods on bodily injury claims during the past several years. These trend changes give rise to greater uncertainty as to the pattern of future loss settlements on bodily injury claims. In addition, the
COVID-19
pandemic and related government mandates and restrictions resulted in various changes from historical claims reporting and settlement trends during 2020 and 2021. Related uncertainties regarding future trends include social inflation, supply chain disruption, the rate of plaintiff attorney involvement in claims and the cost of medical technologies and procedures. Assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ external environment include the absence of significant changes in tort law and the legal environment that increase liability exposure, consistency in judicial interpretations of insurance coverage and policy provisions and the rate of loss cost inflation. Internal assumptions include consistency in the recording of premium and loss statistics, consistency in the recording of claims, payment and case reserving methodology, accurate measurement of the impact of rate changes and changes in policy provisions, consistency in the quality and characteristics of business written within a given line of business and consistency in reinsurance coverage and collectability of reinsured losses, among other items. To the extent our insurance subsidiaries determine that underlying factors impacting their assumptions have changed, our insurance subsidiaries make adjustments in their reserves that they consider appropriate for such changes. Accordingly, our insurance subsidiaries’ ultimate liabilities for losses and loss expenses will likely differ from the amount recorded at September 30, 2021. For every 1% change in our insurance subsidiaries’ loss and loss expense reserves, net of reinsurance recoverable, the effect on our
pre-tax
results of operations would be approximately $6.1 million.
The establishment of appropriate liabilities is an inherently uncertain process and we can provide no assurance that our insurance subsidiaries’ ultimate liability will not exceed our insurance subsidiaries’ loss and loss expense reserves and have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, we cannot predict the timing, frequency and extent of adjustments to our insurance subsidiaries’ estimated future liabilities, because the historical conditions and events that serve as a basis for our insurance subsidiaries’ estimates of ultimate claim costs may change. As is the case for substantially all property and casualty insurance companies, our insurance subsidiaries have found it necessary in the past to increase their estimated future liabilities for losses and loss expenses in certain periods and, in other periods, their estimated future liabilities for losses and loss expenses have exceeded their actual liabilities for losses and loss expenses. Changes in our insurance subsidiaries’ estimates of their liabilities for losses and loss expenses generally reflect actual payments and their evaluation of information received subsequent to the prior reporting period.
Excluding the impact of severe weather events and the
COVID-19
pandemic, our insurance subsidiaries have noted stable amounts in the number of claims incurred and the number of claims outstanding at period ends relative to their premium base in recent years across most of their lines of business. However, the amount of the average claim outstanding has increased gradually over the past several years due to various factors such as rising medical loss costs and increased litigation trends. We have also experienced a general slowing of settlement rates in litigated claims. Our insurance subsidiaries could have to make further adjustments to their estimates in the future. However, on the basis of our insurance subsidiaries’ internal procedures, which analyze, among other things, their prior assumptions, their experience with similar cases and historical trends such as reserving patterns, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions, economic conditions and public attitudes, we believe that our insurance subsidiaries have made adequate provision for their liabilities for losses and loss expenses.
Atlantic States’ participation in the pool with Donegal Mutual exposes Atlantic States to adverse loss development on the business of Donegal Mutual that the pool includes. However, pooled business represents the predominant percentage of the net underwriting activity of both companies, and Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States share proportionately any adverse risk development relating to the pooled business. The business in the pool is homogeneous and each company has a
pro-rata
share of the entire pool. Since the predominant percentage of the business of Atlantic States and Donegal Mutual is pooled and the results shared by each company according to its participation level under the terms of the pooling agreement, the intent of the underwriting pool is to produce a more uniform and stable underwriting result from year to year for each company than either would experience individually and to spread the risk of loss between the companies.
Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries operate together as the Donegal Insurance Group and share a combined business plan designed to achieve market penetration and underwriting profitability objectives. The products our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual offer are generally complementary, thereby allowing Donegal Insurance Group to offer a broader range of products to a given market and to expand Donegal Insurance Group’s ability to service an entire personal lines or commercial lines account. Distinctions within the products of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries generally relate to specific risk profiles targeted within similar classes of business, such as preferred tier products compared to
 
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standard tier products, but we do not allocate all of the standard risk gradients to one company. Therefore, the underwriting profitability of the business the individual companies write directly will vary. However, because the pool homogenizes the risk characteristics of the predominant percentage of the business Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States write directly and each company shares the underwriting results according to each company’s participation percentage, each company realizes its percentage share of the underwriting results of the pool.
Our insurance subsidiaries’ liabilities for losses and loss expenses by major line of business at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of the following:
 
                                     
  
 
September 30,
2021

 
  
 
December 31,
2020

 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
(in thousands)
 
Commercial lines:
     
Automobile
  
$
    164,141  
  
$
    151,813  
Workers’ compensation
  
 
122,733  
  
 
118,037  
Commercial multi-peril
  
 
153,265  
  
 
126,299  
Other
  
 
17,291  
  
 
13,212  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total commercial lines
  
 
457,430  
  
 
409,361  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Personal lines:
     
Automobile
  
 
115,619  
  
 
120,861  
Homeowners
  
 
24,454  
  
 
20,976  
Other
  
 
7,930  
  
 
5,991  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total personal lines
  
 
148,003  
  
 
147,828  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total commercial and personal lines
  
 
605,433  
  
 
557,189  
Plus reinsurance recoverable
  
 
444,730  
  
 
  404,818  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Total liabilities for losses and loss expenses
  
$
      1,050,163  
  
$
      962,007  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
We have evaluated the effect on our insurance subsidiaries’ loss and loss expense reserves and our stockholders’ equity in the event of reasonably likely changes in the variables we consider in establishing the loss and loss expense reserves of our insurance subsidiaries. We established the range of reasonably likely changes based on a review of changes in accident-year development by line of business and applied those changes to our insurance subsidiaries’ loss and loss expense reserves as a whole. The range we selected does not necessarily indicate what could be the potential best or worst case or the most likely scenario. The following table sets forth the estimated effect on our insurance subsidiaries’ loss and loss expense reserves and our stockholders’ equity in the event of reasonably likely changes in the variables we considered in establishing the loss and loss expense reserves of our insurance subsidiaries:
 
                                                                           
Percentage Change in Loss
and Loss Expense Reserves
Net of Reinsurance
  
Adjusted Loss and Loss
Expense Reserves Net of
Reinsurance at
September 30, 2021
  
Percentage Change
in Stockholders’ Equity at
September 30, 2021(1)
 
Adjusted Loss and Loss
Expense Reserves Net of
Reinsurance at
December 31, 2020
  
Percentage Change
in Stockholders’ Equity at
December 31, 2020(1)
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
(dollars in thousands)
(10.0)%
  
$544,890
  
8.9%
 
$501,470
  
8.5%
(7.5)
  
560,026
  
6.7
 
515,400
  
6.4
(5.0)
  
575,161
  
4.4
 
529,330
  
4.3
(2.5)
  
590,297
  
2.2
 
543,259
  
2.1
Base
  
605,433
  
 
557,189
  
2.5
  
620,569
  
(2.2)
 
571,119
  
(2.1)
5.0
  
635,705
  
(4.4)
 
585,048
  
(4.3)
7.5
  
650,840
  
(6.7)
 
598,978
  
(6.4)
10.0
  
665,976
  
(8.9)
 
612,908
  
(8.5)
 
(1)
Net of income tax effect.
 
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Non-GAAP
Information
We prepare our consolidated financial statements on the basis of GAAP. Our insurance subsidiaries also prepare financial statements based on statutory accounting principles state insurance regulators prescribe or permit (“SAP”). SAP financial measures are considered
non-GAAP
financial measures under applicable SEC rules because the SAP financial measures include or exclude certain items that the most comparable GAAP financial measures do not ordinarily include or exclude. Our calculation of
non-GAAP
financial measures may differ from similar measures other companies use, so investors should exercise caution when comparing our
non-GAAP
financial measures to the
non-GAAP
financial measures other companies use.
Because our insurance subsidiaries do not prepare GAAP financial statements, we evaluate the performance of our personal lines and commercial lines segments utilizing SAP financial measures that reflect the growth trends and underwriting results of our insurance subsidiaries. The SAP financial measures we utilize are net premiums written and statutory combined ratio.
Net Premiums Written
We define net premiums written as the amount of full-term premiums our insurance subsidiaries record for policies effective within a given period less premiums our insurance subsidiaries cede to reinsurers. Net premiums earned is the most comparable GAAP financial measure to net premiums written. Net premiums earned represent the sum of the amount of net premiums written and the change in net unearned premiums during a given period. Our insurance subsidiaries earn premiums and recognize them as revenue over the terms of their policies, which are one year or less in duration. Therefore, increases or decreases in net premiums earned generally reflect increases or decreases in net premiums written in the preceding
12-month
period compared to the comparable period one year earlier.
The following table provides a reconciliation of our net premiums earned to our net premiums written for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
 
                                                                           
    
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
2021
  
2020
 
2021
  
2020
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
(in thousands)
 
Net premiums earned
  
    $
196,235
 
  
    $
184,926
 
 
    $
575,975
 
  
    $
556,552
 
Change in net unearned premiums
  
 
780
  
 
(4,146
 
 
46,507
  
 
16,168
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Net premiums written
  
    $
197,015
 
  
    $
180,780
 
 
    $
622,482
 
  
    $
572,720
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Statutory Combined Ratio
The combined ratio is a standard measurement of underwriting profitability for an insurance company. The combined ratio does not reflect investment income, net investment gains or losses, federal income taxes or other
non-operating
income or expense. A combined ratio of less than 100% generally indicates underwriting profitability.
The statutory combined ratio is a
non-GAAP
financial measure that is based upon amounts determined under SAP. We calculate our statutory combined ratio as the sum of:
 
   
the statutory loss ratio, which is the ratio of calendar-year net incurred losses and loss expenses, excluding anticipated salvage and subrogation recoveries, to net premiums earned;
 
   
the statutory expense ratio, which is the ratio of expenses incurred for net commissions, premium taxes and underwriting expenses to net premiums written; and
 
   
the statutory dividend ratio, which is the ratio of dividends to holders of workers’ compensation policies to net premiums earned.
The calculation of our statutory combined ratio differs from the calculation of our GAAP combined ratio. In calculating our GAAP combined ratio, we do not deduct installment payment fees from incurred expenses, and we base the expense ratio on net premiums earned instead of net premiums written. Differences between our GAAP loss ratio and our statutory loss ratio result from anticipating salvage and subrogation recoveries for our GAAP loss ratio but not for our statutory loss ratio.
 
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Combined Ratios
The following table presents comparative details with respect to our GAAP and statutory combined ratios for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
 
                                                                           
   
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
2021
 
2020
 
2021
 
2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP Combined Ratios (Total Lines)
       
Loss ratio
(non-weather)
 
 
66.3 
 
 
56.3 
 
 
59.8 
 
 
54.1 
Loss ratio (weather-related)
 
 
9.2
 
 
9.1
 
 
6.4
 
 
7.6
Expense ratio
 
 
31.5
 
 
31.9
 
 
33.9
 
 
33.2
Dividend ratio
 
 
0.7
 
 
1.0
 
 
0.7
 
 
1.0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
 
 
        107.7 
 
 
        98.3 
 
 
        100.8 
 
 
        95.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
       
Statutory Combined Ratios
       
Commercial lines:
       
Automobile
 
 
111.9 
 
 
109.9 
 
 
106.7 
 
 
110.5 
Workers’ compensation
 
 
109.0
 
 
86.8
 
 
96.0
 
 
85.9
Commercial multi-peril
 
 
116.9
 
 
109.2
 
 
106.5
 
 
98.1
Other
 
 
64.0
 
 
93.5
 
 
67.2
 
 
79.5
Total commercial lines
 
 
109.4
 
 
102.4
 
 
101.1
 
 
97.3
Personal lines:
       
Automobile
 
 
102.0
 
 
89.0
 
 
95.4
 
 
88.6
Homeowners
 
 
117.5
 
 
97.7
 
 
107.4
 
 
99.3
Other
 
 
65.4
 
 
84.0
 
 
72.2
 
 
76.5
Total personal lines
 
 
105.2
 
 
91.9
 
 
98.2
 
 
91.6
Total commercial and personal lines
 
 
107.7
 
 
97.7
 
 
100.0
 
 
94.7
 
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Results of Operations - Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Net Premiums Earned.
Our insurance subsidiaries’ net premiums earned for the third quarter of 2021 were $196.2 million, an increase of $11.3 million, or
6.1 %, compared to $184.9 million for the third quarter of 2020, primarily reflecting the inclusion of the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group in the underwriting pool beginning with policies effective in 2021, as well as new business growth and renewal premium increases.
Net Premiums Written.
Our insurance subsidiaries’ net premiums written for the three months ended
September 30, 2021 were $197.0 million, an increase of $16.2 million, or
9.0%, from the $180.8 million of net premiums written for the third quarter of 2020. Commercial lines net premiums written increased $17.3 million, or 17.6%, for the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020. We attribute the increase in commercial lines net premiums written primarily to the inclusion of the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group in the underwriting pool beginning with policies effective in 2021, as well as new business growth and renewal premium increases. Personal lines net premiums written decreased $1.1 million, or
1.3%, for the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020. We attribute the decrease in personal lines net premiums written primarily to net attrition as a result of measures our insurance subsidiaries have implemented to improve underwriting profitability, partially offset by the impact of premium rate increases our insurance subsidiaries have implemented. Net premiums written for the third quarter of 2020 reflected premium reductions MICO’s policyholders requested following the July 1, 2020 effective date of
no-fault
reform legislation in the state of Michigan.
Investment Income.
Our net investment income was $7.8 million for the third quarter of 2021, compared to $7.4 million for the third quarter of 2020. We attribute the increase primarily to an increase in average invested assets.
Net Investment (Losses) Gains.
Net investment losses for the third quarter of 2021 were $1.6 million, compared to net investment gains of $3.3 million for the third quarter of 2020. The net investment losses and gains for the third quarters of 2021 and 2020, respectively, resulted primarily from the net change in unrealized gains and losses within our equity securities portfolio at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We did not recognize any impairment losses in our investment portfolio during the third quarter of 2021 or 2020.
Losses and Loss Expenses.
Our insurance subsidiaries’ loss ratio, which is the ratio of incurred losses and loss expenses to premiums earned, was 75.5% for the third quarter of 2021, an increase from our insurance subsidiaries’ loss ratio of 65.4% for the third quarter of 2020. We attribute this increase primarily to increased frequency of personal automobile claims compared to the third quarter of 2020, when lower driving activity resulted from
COVID-19
related shutdowns, higher severity of workers’ compensation losses and elevated fire losses, including $6.0 million from three individual losses that exceeded our
per-risk
reinsurance retention amount, that primarily impacted the loss ratios for our homeowners and commercial multi-peril lines of business. Weather-related losses of $18.0 million, or 9.2 percentage points of the loss ratio, for the third quarter of 2021, decreased from $16.9 million, or 9.1 percentage points of the loss ratio, for the third quarter of 2020. Weather-related loss activity for the third quarter of 2021 was higher than our previous five-year average of $16.4 million for third quarter weather-related losses. On a statutory basis, our insurance subsidiaries’ commercial lines loss ratio was 76.3% for the third quarter of 2021, compared to 68.2% for the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to an increase in the commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation loss ratios. The personal lines statutory loss ratio of our insurance subsidiaries increased to 75.0% for the third quarter of 2021, compared to 61.1% for the third quarter of 2020. We attribute this increase primarily to an increase in the personal automobile and homeowners’ loss ratios. Our insurance subsidiaries experienced favorable loss reserve development of approximately $4.3 million during the third quarter of 2021. Our insurance subsidiaries experienced unfavorable loss reserve development of approximately $542,000 during the third quarter of 2020.
Underwriting Expenses.
The expense ratio for an insurance company is the ratio of policy acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses to premiums earned. The expense ratio of our insurance subsidiaries was 31.5% for the third quarter of 2021, compared to 31.9% for the third quarter of 2020. The decrease in the expense ratio primarily reflected a decrease in our underwriting-based incentive costs for our agents and employees, offset partially by higher technology systems-related expenses during the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020.
Combined Ratio.
The combined ratio represents the sum of the loss ratio, the expense ratio and the dividend ratio, which is the ratio of policyholder dividends incurred to premiums earned. Our insurance subsidiaries’ combined ratios were 107.7% and 98.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We attribute the increase in the combined ratio primarily to an increase in the loss ratio for the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020.
Interest Expense.
Our interest expense for the third quarter of 2021 was $209,547, compared to $219,039 for the third quarter of 2020. We attribute the decrease to lower average borrowings under our lines of credit during the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020.
 
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Income Tax (Benefit) Expense.
We recorded an income tax benefit of $1.9 million for the third quarter of 2021. We recorded income tax expense of $2.5 million for the third quarter of 2020, representing an effective tax rate of 17.4%. The income tax benefit and expense for the third quarters of 2021 and 2020 represented estimates based on our projected annual taxable income and effective tax rates.
Net (Loss) Income and (Loss) Income Per Share.
Our net loss for the third quarter of 2021 was $6.7 million, or $.22 per share of Class A common stock and $.20 per share of Class B common stock, compared to net income of $11.8 million, or $.41 per share of Class A common stock on a diluted basis and $.37 per share of Class B common stock, for the third quarter of 2020. We had 25.7 million and 24.1 million Class A shares outstanding at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We had 5.6 million Class B shares outstanding at the end of both periods.
Results of Operations - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Net Premiums Earned.
Our insurance subsidiaries’ net premiums earned for the first nine months of 2021 were $576.0 million, an increase of $19.4 million, or 3.5%, compared to $556.6 million for the first nine months of 2020, primarily reflecting the inclusion of the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group in the underwriting pool beginning with policies effective in 2021, as well as new business growth and renewal premium increases.
Net Premiums Written.
Our insurance subsidiaries’ net premiums written for the nine months ended
September 30, 2021 were $622.5 million, an increase of $49.8 million, or 8.7%, from the $572.7 million of net premiums written for the first nine months of 2020. Commercial lines net premiums written increased $61.5 million, or 18.7%, for the first nine months of 2021 compared to the first nine months of 2020. We attribute the increase in commercial lines net premiums written primarily to the inclusion of the business of the Mountain States Insurance Group in the underwriting pool beginning with policies effective in 2021, as well as new business growth and renewal premium increases. Personal lines net premiums written decreased $11.7 million, or 4.8%, for the first nine months of 2021 compared to the first nine months of 2020. We attribute the decrease in personal lines net premiums written primarily to net attrition as a result of measures our insurance subsidiaries have implemented to improve underwriting profitability, partially offset by the impact of premium rate increases our insurance subsidiaries have implemented.
Investment Income.
Our net investment income was $22.9 million for the first nine months of 2021, compared to $22.0 million for the first nine months of 2020. We attribute the increase primarily to an increase in average invested assets.
Net Investment Gains (Losses).
Net investment gains for the first nine months of 2021 were $5.1 million, compared to net investment losses of $940,488 for the first nine months of 2020. The net investment gains for the first nine months of 2021 resulted primarily from unrealized gains within our equity securities portfolio at September 30, 2021. The net investment losses for the first nine months of 2020 resulted primarily from realized losses on sales of equity securities, offset partially by unrealized gains in the fair value of equity securities held at September 30, 2020. We did not recognize any impairment losses in our investment portfolio during the first nine months of 2021 or 2020.
Losses and Loss Expenses
. Our insurance subsidiaries’ loss ratio, which is the ratio of incurred losses and loss expenses to premiums earned, was
66.2% for the first nine months of 2021, an increase from our insurance subsidiaries’ loss ratio of 61.7% for the first nine months of 2020. We attribute this increase primarily to increased frequency of personal automobile claims compared to the first nine months of 2020, when lower driving activity resulted from
COVID-19
related shutdowns, and elevated fire losses that primarily impacted the loss ratios for our homeowners and commercial multi-peril lines of business. Weather-related losses of $36.6 million, or 6.4 percentage points of the loss ratio, for the first nine months of 2021, decreased from $42.5 million, or 7.6 percentage points of the loss ratio, for the first nine months of 2020. On a statutory basis, our insurance subsidiaries’ commercial lines loss ratio was 66.4% for the first nine months of 2021, compared to 63.1% for the first nine months of 2020, primarily due to an increase in the commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation loss ratios. The personal lines statutory loss ratio of our insurance subsidiaries increased to
66.5% for the first nine months of 2021, compared to 59.8% for the first nine months of 2020. We attribute this increase primarily to an increase in the personal automobile and homeowners’ loss ratios. Our insurance subsidiaries experienced favorable loss reserve development of approximately $25.9 million and $10.3 million during the first nine months of 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Underwriting Expenses.
The expense ratio for an insurance company is the ratio of policy acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses to premiums earned. The expense ratio of our insurance subsidiaries was 33.9% for the first nine months of 2021, compared to 33.2% for the first nine months of 2020. The increase in the expense ratio primarily reflected an increase in technology systems-related expenses, higher agency growth incentive and underwriting-based incentive costs for our agents during the first nine months of 2021 compared to the first nine months of 2020.
 
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Combined Ratio.
The combined ratio represents the sum of the loss ratio, the expense ratio and the dividend ratio, which is the ratio of policyholder dividends incurred to premiums earned. Our insurance subsidiaries’ combined ratios were
100.8% and 95.9% for the first nine months of 2021 and 2020, respectively. We attribute the increase in the combined ratio primarily to an increase in the loss ratio for the first nine months of 2021 compared to the first nine months of 2020.
Interest Expense.
Our interest expense for the first nine months of 2021 was $739,163, compared to $871,461 for the first nine months of 2020. We attribute the decrease to lower average borrowings under our lines of credit during the first nine months of 2021 compared to the first nine months of 2020.
Income Taxes.
We recorded income tax expense of $3.8 million for the first nine months of 2021, representing an effective tax rate of 16.1%. We recorded income tax expense of $6.6 million for the first nine months of 2020, representing an effective tax rate of 14.7%. The income tax expense and effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2021 represented an estimate based on our projected annual taxable income. Income tax expense for the first nine months of 2020 included a $1.6 million income tax benefit related to the anticipated carryback of 2018 net operating losses to past tax years with higher statutory income tax rates than are currently in effect, as allowed under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act that was enacted in March 2020.
Net Income and Income Per Share.
Our net income for the first nine months of 2021 was $20.0 million, or $.66
per share of Class A common stock on a diluted basis and $.59 per share of Class B common stock, compared to $38.2 million, or $1.33 per share of Class A common stock on a diluted basis and $1.21 per share of Class B common stock, for the first nine months of 2020. We had 25.7 million and 24.1 million Class A shares outstanding at September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We had 5.6 million Class B shares outstanding at the end of both periods.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measure of an entity’s ability to secure enough cash to meet its contractual obligations and operating needs as such obligations and needs arise. Our major sources of funds from operations are the net cash flows we generate from our insurance subsidiaries’ underwriting results, investment income and investment maturities.
Our operations have historically generated sufficient net positive cash flow to fund our commitments and add to our investment portfolio, thereby increasing future investment returns and enhancing our liquidity. The impact of the pooling agreement between Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States has historically been cash-flow positive because of the consistent underwriting profitability of the pool. Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States settle their respective obligations to each other under the pool monthly, thereby resulting in cash flows substantially similar to the cash flows that would result from each company writing the business directly. We have not experienced any unusual variations in the timing of claim payments associated with the loss reserves of our insurance subsidiaries. We maintain significant liquidity in our investment portfolio in the form of readily marketable fixed maturities, equity securities and short-term investments. We structure our fixed-maturity investment portfolio following a “laddering” approach, so that projected cash flows from investment income and principal maturities are evenly distributed from a timing perspective, thereby providing an additional measure of liquidity to meet our obligations should an unexpected variation occur in the future. Our operating activities provided net cash flows in the first nine months of 2021 and 2020 of $58.5 million and $68.5 million, respectively.
At September 30, 2021, we had no outstanding borrowings under our line of credit with M&T and had the ability to borrow up to $20.0 million at interest rates equal to the then-current LIBOR rate plus 2.00%. At September 30, 2021, Atlantic States had $35.0 million in outstanding advances with the FHLB of Pittsburgh that carry a fixed interest rate of 1.74%. In September 2021, upon receipt of approval from the Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services, MICO repaid in full the $5.0 million surplus note held previously by Donegal Mutual, along with accrued interest of $178,082.
We estimate the timing of claim payments associated with the liabilities for losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries based on historical experience and expectations of future payment patterns. We show these liabilities net of reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses to reflect expected future cash flows related to such liabilities. Amounts Atlantic States assumes pursuant to the pooling agreement with Donegal Mutual represent a substantial portion of our insurance subsidiaries’ gross liabilities for losses and loss expenses, and amounts Atlantic States cedes pursuant to the pooling agreement represent a substantial portion of our insurance subsidiaries’ reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses. We include cash settlement of Atlantic States’ assumed liabilities from the pool in monthly settlements of pooled activity, as we net amounts ceded to and assumed from the pool. Although Donegal Mutual and we do not anticipate any changes in the pool participation levels in the foreseeable future, any such change would be prospective in nature and therefore would not impact the timing of expected payments by Atlantic States for its percentage share of pooled losses occurring in periods prior to the effective date of such change.
 
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We discuss in Note 7 – Borrowings our estimate of the timing of the amounts payable for the borrowings under our lines of credit based on their contractual maturities.
On July 18, 2013, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we have the authority to purchase up to 500,000 shares of our Class A common stock at prices prevailing from time to time in the open market subject to the provisions of applicable rules of the SEC and in privately negotiated transactions. We did not purchase any shares of our Class A common stock under this program during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 or 2020. We have purchased a total of 57,658 shares of our Class A common stock under this program from its inception through September 30, 2021.
On October 21, 2021, our board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of 16.0 cents per share of our Class A common stock and 14.25
cents per share of our Class B common stock, payable on November 15, 2021 to our stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 1, 2021. We are not subject to any restrictions on our payment of dividends to our stockholders, although there are state law restrictions on the payment of dividends by our insurance subsidiaries to us. Dividends from our insurance subsidiaries are our principal source of cash for payment of dividends to our stockholders. Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulations that restrict the payment of dividends from statutory surplus and may require prior approval of their domiciliary insurance regulatory authorities. Our insurance subsidiaries are also subject to risk based capital (“RBC”) requirements that limit their ability to pay dividends to us. Our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory capital and surplus at December 31, 2020 exceeded the amount of statutory capital and surplus necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements, including the RBC requirements, by a significant margin. Our insurance subsidiaries paid $5.0 million in dividends to us during the first nine months of 2021. Amounts remaining available for distribution to us as dividends from our insurance subsidiaries without prior approval of their domiciliary insurance regulatory authorities in 2021 are $28.0 million from Atlantic States, $300,000 from Southern, $5.9 million from Peninsula and $12.2 million from MICO, or a total of approximately $46.4 million.
At September 30, 2021, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures.
Equity Price Risk
Our portfolio of marketable equity securities, which we carry on our consolidated balance sheets at estimated fair value, has exposure to the risk of loss resulting from an adverse change in prices. We manage this risk by having our investment personnel perform an analysis of prospective investments and regular reviews of our portfolio of equity securities.
Credit Risk
Our portfolio of fixed-maturity securities and, to a lesser extent, our portfolio of short-term investments is subject to credit risk, which we define as the potential loss in market value resulting from adverse changes in the borrower’s ability to repay its debt. We manage this risk by having our investment personnel perform an analysis of prospective investments and regular reviews of our portfolio of fixed-maturity securities. We also limit the percentage and amount of our total investment portfolio that we invest in the securities of any one issuer.
Our insurance subsidiaries provide property and casualty insurance coverages through independent insurance agencies. We bill the majority of this business directly to the insured, although we bill a portion of our commercial business through licensed insurance agents to whom our insurance subsidiaries extend credit in the normal course of business.
Because the pooling agreement does not relieve Atlantic States of primary liability as the originating insurer, Atlantic States is subject to a concentration of credit risk arising from the business it cedes to Donegal Mutual. Our insurance subsidiaries maintain reinsurance agreements with Donegal Mutual and with a number of other major unaffiliated authorized reinsurers.
Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Our market risk generally represents the risk of gain or loss that may result from the potential change in the fair value of the securities we hold in our investment portfolio as a result of fluctuations in prices and interest rates and, to a lesser extent, our debt obligations. We manage our interest rate risk by maintaining an appropriate relationship between the average duration of our investment portfolio and the approximate duration of our liabilities, i.e., policy claims of our insurance subsidiaries and our debt obligations.
 
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There have been no material changes to our quantitative or qualitative market risk exposure from December 31, 2020 through September 30, 2021.
Item 4.   Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules
13a-15(e)
and
15d-15(e)
under the Exchange Act). Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, at September 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, and our disclosure controls and procedures were also effective to ensure that information we disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to affect materially, our internal control over financial reporting.
Safe Harbor Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
We base all statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
that are not historic facts on our current expectations. Such statements are forward-looking in nature (as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) and necessarily involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements we make may be identified by our use of words such as “will,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and similar expressions. Our actual results could vary materially from our forward-looking statements. The factors that could cause our actual results to vary materially from the forward-looking statements we have previously made include, but are not limited to, prolonged economic challenges resulting from the
COVID-19
pandemic, the availability and cost of labor and materials, adverse and catastrophic weather events, our ability to maintain profitable operations, the adequacy of the loss and loss expense reserves of our insurance subsidiaries, the availability and successful operation of the information technology systems our insurance subsidiaries utilize, the successful development of new information technology systems to allow our insurance subsidiaries to compete effectively, business and economic conditions in the areas in which we and our insurance subsidiaries operate, interest rates, competition from various insurance and other financial businesses, terrorism, the availability and cost of reinsurance, legal and judicial developments including those related to
COVID-19
business interruption coverage exclusions, adverse litigation and other industry trends that could increase our loss costs, changes in regulatory requirements, changes in our A.M. Best rating, our ability to integrate and manage successfully the companies we may acquire from time to time and the other risks that we describe from time to time in our filings with the SEC. We disclaim any obligation to update such statements or to announce publicly the results of any revisions that we may make to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
 
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Part II. Other Information
Item 1.   Legal Proceedings.
None.
Item 1A.   Risk Factors.
Our business, results of operations and financial condition, and, therefore, the value of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock, are subject to a number of risks. For a description of certain risks, we refer to “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Annual Report on Form
10-K
that we filed with the SEC on March 5, 2021. There have been no material changes in the risk factors we disclosed in that Form
10-K
Report during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
None.
Item 3.   Defaults upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4.   Mine Safety Disclosure.
Not Applicable.
Item 5.   Other Information.
None.
 
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Item 6.   Exhibits.
 
        
Exhibit No.
  
Description
10.1    Donegal Group Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.    (a)
Exhibit 31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer    Filed herewith
Exhibit 31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer    Filed herewith
Exhibit 32.1    Statement of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Title 18 of the United States Code    Filed herewith
Exhibit 32.2    Statement of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Title 18 of the United States Code    Filed herewith
Exhibit 101.INS    XBRL Instance Document    Filed herewith
Exhibit 101.SCH    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document    Filed herewith
Exhibit 101.PRE    XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document    Filed herewith
Exhibit 101.CAL    XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document    Filed herewith
Exhibit 101.LAB    XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document    Filed herewith
Exhibit 101.DEF    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document    Filed herewith
Exhibit 104    Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)   
 
  (a)
We incorporate such exhibit by reference to the description of such plan in Registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on April 15, 2021 filed on March 15, 2021.
 
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
   
DONEGAL GROUP INC.
November 5, 2021    
By:
 
/s/ Kevin G. Burke
      Kevin G. Burke, President and Chief Executive Officer
November 5, 2021    
By:
 
/s/ Jeffrey D. Miller
      Jeffrey D. Miller, Executive Vice President
          and Chief Financial Officer