Dorman Products, Inc. - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

[

For the fiscal year ended December 25, 2021

OR

For the transition period from            to           

Commission file number 0-18914

DORMAN PRODUCTS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

3400 East Walnut Street, Colmar, Pennsylvania 18915

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(215) 997-1800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐   No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒  No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on an attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issues its audit report.    ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐       No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 26, 2021 was $2,214,395,974.

As of February 17, 2022, the registrant had 31,545,603 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding.   

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement, in connection with its 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after December 25, 2021, are incorporated by reference into PART III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

DORMAN PRODUCTS, INC.

INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

DECEMBER 25, 2021

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The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last Saturday of the calendar year.

As used herein, unless the context otherwise requires, “Dorman,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refers to Dorman Products, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains the registered and unregistered trademarks or service marks that are the property of Dorman Products, Inc. and/or its affiliates. This Annual Report on Form 10-K also may contain additional trade names, trademarks or service marks belonging to other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply, a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by these parties.

Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this document constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements related to the global coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”), net sales, diluted earnings per share, gross profit, gross margin, selling, general and administrative expenses, income tax expense, income before income taxes, net income, cash and cash equivalents, indebtedness, liquidity, the Company’s share repurchase program, the Company’s outlook, the Company’s growth opportunities and future business prospects, operational costs and productivity initiatives, inflation, customs duties and mitigation of tariffs, long-term value, acquisitions and acquisition opportunities, investments, cost offsets, quarterly fluctuations, new product development, customer concessions, and fluctuations in foreign currency. Words such as “may,” “believe,” “demonstrate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “will” and “likely” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. However, the absence of these words does not mean the statements are not forward-looking. In addition, statements that are not historical should also be considered forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on those forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statement was made. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations that involve a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors (many of which are outside of our control) which may cause actual events to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. For information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the information contained in this report, reference is made to the information in PART I, ITEM 1A, “Risk Factors.” The Company is under no obligation to (and expressly disclaims any such obligation to) update any of the information in this report if any forward-looking statement later turns out to be inaccurate whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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PART I

ITEM 1. Business.

General

We are one of the leading suppliers of replacement parts and fasteners for passenger cars and light-, medium-, and heavy-duty trucks in the automotive aftermarket industry. As of December 25, 2021, we marketed approximately 118,000 distinct parts compared to approximately 81,000 as of December 26, 2020, many of which we designed and engineered. This number excludes private label stock keeping units and other variations in how we market, package and distribute our products, includes distinct parts of acquired companies and reflects distinct parts that have been discontinued at the end of their lifecycle. The increase in the number of distinct parts in 2021 was largely driven by our acquisition of Dayton Parts. We are one of the leading aftermarket suppliers of original equipment (“OE”) “dealer exclusive” parts. Original equipment “dealer exclusive” parts are those which were traditionally available to professional installers and consumers only from original equipment manufacturers or used parts from salvage yards and include, among other parts, leaf springs, intake manifolds, exhaust manifolds, window regulators, radiator fan assemblies, tire pressure monitor sensors, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers and complex electronics modules. Fasteners include such items as oil drain plugs, wheel bolts, and wheel lug nuts. For fiscal 2021, approximately 73% of our products were sold under brands that we own, and the remainder of our products were sold for resale under customers' private labels, other brands or in bulk. Our products are sold primarily in the United States through automotive aftermarket retailers, including through their online platforms; national, regional and local warehouse distributors; and specialty markets, and salvage yards. We also distribute automotive aftermarket parts internationally, with sales primarily into Canada and Mexico, and to a lesser extent, Europe, the Middle East, and Australia.

The Automotive Aftermarket Industry

The automotive aftermarket industry has two distinct sectors: parts for passenger cars and light trucks, which according to the 2022 Auto Care Association Factbook, accounted for projected industry sales of approximately $324.8 billion in 2021, and parts for medium and heavy-duty trucks, which accounted for projected industry sales of approximately $94.4 billion in 2021. We sell products into both sectors, with a majority of our products being designed for the passenger car and light truck sector. Our acquisition of Dayton Parts in 2021 increased our product offerings in the medium and heavy-duty truck sector.

Two distinct groups of end-users buy replacement vehicle parts for passenger cars and light trucks: (i) individual consumers, who purchase parts to perform "do-it-yourself" repairs on their own vehicles; and (ii) professional installers, which include vehicle repair shops and dealership service departments. Individual consumers typically are supplied through retailers and the retail arms of warehouse distributors. Vehicle repair shops generally purchase parts through local independent parts wholesalers and national parts distributors. Automobile dealership service departments generally obtain parts through the distribution systems of vehicle manufacturers and specialized national and regional parts distributors.

The largest purchasers of medium- and heavy-duty vehicle aftermarket parts are OE manufacturers, independent distributors, including organizations associated with large buying groups and other distributors, as well as independent component specialists and rebuilders, and auto parts stores. The service work performed on medium- and heavy-duty vehicles is generally completed by end user businesses that utilize these vehicles in their operations, fleets, and independent garages and distributors, who buy parts from the purchasers above or in some instances directly from suppliers like us.

Spending in the aftermarket for parts for passenger cars and light trucks, as well as medium and heavy-duty trucks, generally can be grouped into three categories: discretionary, maintenance, and repair. Discretionary, such as accessories and performance, tends to move in-line with consumer discretionary spending. Maintenance is composed of products and services, such as oil and oil changes, and tends to be

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less correlated with discretionary spending. Repair consists mainly of replacement parts that fail over time and tends to be less cyclical as it is largely comprised of parts necessary for a vehicle to function properly or safely. The majority of our products fall into the repair category.

The increasing complexity and the number of different makes and models of automobiles have resulted in a significant increase in the number of products required to service the domestic and foreign automotive fleets. Accordingly, the number of parts required to be carried by retailers and wholesale distributors has increased substantially, which is reflected in the increase in the number of distinct parts we marketed in 2021 as compared to 2020. The requirement to include more products in inventory and the significant consolidation among distributors of automotive replacement parts have in turn resulted in larger distributors. See ITEM 1A, “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Business – Our Industry, Operations and Competition” for information regarding the potential impacts of consolidation on our business.

Retailers and others who purchase automotive aftermarket parts for resale are constrained to a finite amount of space in which to display and stock products. Thus, the reputation for quality, customer service, and line profitability that a supplier provides are significant factors in a retailer’s or other reseller’s decision as to which product lines to carry in the limited space available. Further, because of the efficiencies achieved through the ability to order all or part of a complete line of products from one supplier (with possible volume discounts), as opposed to satisfying the same requirements through a variety of different sources, retailers and other resellers of automotive aftermarket parts often seek to purchase products from fewer but stronger suppliers.

Brands and Products

We market our products under the DORMAN^® and Dayton Parts^® brand names and several sub-brands, which identify products that address specific segments of the automotive aftermarket industry. In addition, across all our sub-brands, customers can find a subset of products that have been branded DORMAN^® OE FIX™ products.

Some of our most popular brands include:

DORMAN^® OE Solutions^® - A wide variety of replacement parts we introduced to the automotive aftermarket, covering many product categories across all areas of the vehicle, including fluid reservoirs, variable valve timing components, complex electronics, and integrated door lock actuators.

DORMAN^® OE FIX™ - Dorman’s distinct repair innovations that you cannot get from original equipment manufacturers, all designed to save time, money or hassle.

DORMAN^® HD Solutions™ - Heavy-duty aftermarket parts for class 4-8 vehicles. These products include lighting, cooling, engine management, wheel hardware, air tanks and cab products.

DORMAN^® HELP!^® - Broad assortment of small automotive replacement parts that are primarily sold in retail store fronts such as door handles, keyless remotes and cases and door hinge repair parts.

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DORMAN^® Conduct-Tite^® - A wide array of electrical components for common repairs as well as for enthusiasts to customize and upgrade their vehicles.

Dayton Parts® - Complete product offering of brake, spring, steering, suspension, driveline and hitch & coupling product lines.

We group our products into four major classes: powertrain, chassis, automotive body, and hardware. The following table represents each of the four classes as a percentage of net sales for each of the last three fiscal years:

Our powertrain product line includes intake and exhaust manifolds, cooling products, harmonic balancers, fluid lines, fluid reservoirs, connectors, 4-wheel drive components and axles, drain plugs, and other engine, transmission and axle components. Chassis products include control arms, ball joints, tie-rod ends, brake hardware and hydraulics, wheel and axle hardware, suspension arms, knuckles, links, bushings, leaf springs, and other suspension, steering, and brake components. Our line of automotive body products includes door handles and hinges, window lift motors, window regulators, switches and handles, wiper components, lighting, electrical, and other interior and exterior automotive body components. Hardware products include threaded bolts and auto body fasteners, automotive and home electrical wiring components, and other hardware assortments and merchandise.

We warrant our products against certain defects in material and workmanship when used as designed on the vehicle on which it was originally installed. We offer a limited lifetime warranty on most of our products. Our standard warranty limits the end-user’s remedy to the repair or replacement of the part that is defective.

Product Development

Product development and continuous innovation are central to our business. The development of a broad range of products, many of which are not conveniently or economically available elsewhere, historically has enabled us to grow and is an important driver for our future growth. Our product strategy has been to design and engineer products, many of which we believe are better and easier to install and/or use than the original parts they replace, and to commercialize automotive parts for the broadest possible range of uses. All new product ideas are reviewed by our product management staff and a cross-functional in-house team to determine potential improvements and inclusions that will create a better user experience. The following table represents the number of distinct parts we introduced for each of the last three fiscal years: 

In 2021, we introduced several new product categories to the aftermarket including: a new upgraded Dorman® OE FIX™ aluminum oil filter housing solution, aftermarket-exclusive hub rotor and caliper bracket bolt kits, and new complex electronic solutions, such as cruise control distance sensors, blind spot

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detection modules and other advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) products. Each of these solutions gives installers and consumers additional choice when searching for reliable, affordable replacements.

Other innovative technologies we released in 2021 include diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) emission components, including heaters and pumps, and new electronic power steering rack solutions. We also continued our efforts to find ways to further simplify customer installation efforts through new combination solutions, such as pre-pressed axle and bearing assemblies.

Our product teams also grow and expand existing categories by introducing new products that are designed to fit more vehicles, providing enhanced opportunities for aftermarket service providers to serve their customers. In 2021, we extended our lines in strategic core categories such as window regulators, chassis and control arms, valve covers, manifolds, and drive shafts.

Some of our most popular innovations are those that provide vehicle owners significant savings over other repair alternatives, such as rust repair solutions. Our truck bed floor supports, differential covers and fuel tank crossmembers often eliminate the need to replace entire truck beds, axles and other large vehicle sections by facilitating direct repair of corroded components.

We also grew our lines of heavy-duty solutions in fiscal 2021 through the acquisition of Dayton Parts, which lines include leaf springs, brake drums, and various other steering and suspension products. In addition to these new solutions from Dayton Parts, we also introduced hundreds of new products into our Dorman® HD Solutions™ line, including a new Diesel Decoder™ tool that enables scanning of engine diagnostics, new exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valves, and various new engine and emission sensors. 

Sales and Marketing

We market our products to three groups of purchasers who in turn supply individual consumers and professional installers. Our products are also available in our customers’ retail stores, on our customers’ websites, and through warehouse distributors. For the year ended December 25, 2021:

(i) approximately 56% of our net sales was generated from sales to automotive aftermarket retailers, including major chains such as Advance, AutoZone and O'Reilly;

(ii) approximately 33% of our net sales was generated from sales to warehouse distributors, such as NAPA, which may be local, regional or national in scope, and which also may engage in retail sales; and

(iii) approximately 11% of our net sales was generated from our heavy-duty channel including through national, regional, and local warehouse distributors, such as FleetPride, and specialty service shops, and sales to other markets, which include, among others, salvage yards and the parts distribution systems of OE parts manufacturers as well as mass merchants, such as Walmart, for our home electrical wiring components.

As of December 25, 2021, we had a sales and sales support team of over 120 people selling our products either directly to our customers or, with respect to certain select customers, indirectly through independent manufacturers’ representative agencies worldwide.

Our sales efforts are not directed merely at selling individual products, but more broadly towards selling our entire product portfolio. Our sales strategy includes increasing sales not only by securing new customers, but also by adding new product lines and expanding product selection within existing customers in an effort to make our customers a destination for new-to-the-aftermarket products.

We use catalogs, application guides, digital marketing tools, training materials, videos and additional content to describe and sell our products and other applications as well as to train our customers' sales teams. Our primary website, www.dormanproducts.com, provides a search engine that can be used to search our extensive catalog. The information on the website is not and should not be considered part of this Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K.

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As of December 25, 2021, we serviced more than 4,500 active accounts. During fiscal 2021, three customers each accounted for more than 10% of net sales and in the aggregate accounted for approximately 54% of net sales.

Manufacturing and Procurement

Most of our products are manufactured by third parties. We engage third-party manufacturers around the world to develop and manufacture products according to our performance and design requirements, oftentimes using tooling that we own. In fiscal 2021, as a percentage of our total dollar volume of purchases, approximately 26% of our products were purchased from various suppliers throughout the United States and the balance of our products were purchased directly from suppliers outside of the United States. Our global supplier network provides access to a broad array of manufacturing capabilities and technologies while limiting our dependency on any single source of supply. While our supplier selection and sourcing programs will continue to leverage our strategic manufacturers for a substantial portion of our product portfolio, we also have qualified alternative sources available to provide additional support and capacity, if needed. We make a concerted effort to build and nurture strong, healthy relationships with our suppliers. In fiscal 2021, we purchased automotive products in substantial volumes from over 250 suppliers, and no single supplier accounted for more than 10% of our total product purchases in fiscal 2021. 

Packaging, Inventory and Shipping

Finished products acquired from third-party suppliers are received at one or more of our facilities, depending on the type of part. It is our practice to inspect samples of shipments based upon supplier performance. If cleared, these shipments of finished parts are logged into our computerized production tracking systems and staged for packaging, if necessary.

We employ a variety of custom-designed packaging machines which include blister sealing, skin film sealing, clamshell sealing, bagging and boxing lines. Packaged product generally contains our label (or a private label), a part number, a universal packaging bar code suitable for electronic scanning, a description of the part and, if appropriate, installation instructions. Products are also sold in bulk to automotive parts manufacturers and packagers. Computerized tracking systems, mechanical counting devices and experienced workers combine to help ensure that the proper variety and numbers of parts meet the correct packaging materials at the appropriate places and times to produce the required quantities of finished products.

Packaged inventory is either stocked in the warehouse portions of our facilities or in distribution centers maintained by our third-party logistics providers and is organized to facilitate the most efficient methods of retrieving product to fill customer orders. We strive to maintain a level of inventory to adequately meet current customer order demand with additional inventory to satisfy new customer orders and special programs.

We ship our products by contract carrier, common carrier or parcel service. Products are generally shipped to each customer's main warehouses for redistribution within its network. In certain circumstances, at the request of a customer, we ship directly to that customer's warehouses, stores or other locations either via smaller direct ship orders or consolidated store orders that are cross docked.

Remanufacturing and Recycling Parts

Certain products we sell contain parts that can be recycled, or as more commonly referred to in our industry, remanufactured. We refer to the used product that is ultimately remanufactured as core. A used core is remanufactured and sold to the customer as a replacement for a unit on a vehicle. Customers and end-users that purchase a remanufactured replacement part will generally return the used core to us, which we then use in the remanufacturing process to make another finished good. Our core inventory consists of used cores purchased and held in our facilities, used cores that are in the process of being returned from our customers and end-users, and remanufactured cores held in finished goods inventory at our facilities. Our

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products that utilize cores include electronic control modules, hybrid batteries and complex mechatronics. We believe our remanufactured parts offer end-users an economical and safe way to maintain their cars on the road, while also reducing the impact to environment.

Competition

The automotive aftermarket industry is highly competitive. Competitive factors affecting the automotive aftermarket include price, product quality, breadth of product line, range of applications, customer service and the growth of e-commerce. Substantially all our products are subject to competition with similar products offered by other providers of automotive aftermarket repair and replacement parts. Some of these competitors are divisions and subsidiaries of companies much larger than us who possess a longer history of operations and greater financial and other resources than we do. We also face competition from OE manufacturers who sell through their dealerships many of the same replacement parts that we sell, although these manufacturers generally sell parts only for cars they produce. Our customers may also be successful in sourcing some of our products directly from our suppliers. Further, some of our private label customers also compete with us. For more information on risks relating to our competition, see ITEM 1A, “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Business – Our Industry, Operations and Competition.”

Seasonality

Our business can be affected by weather conditions. Extremely hot or cold weather generally results in an increase in automotive parts failure at an accelerated rate, which generally leads to an increase in our sales for the duration of the extreme weather event.

Impact of COVID-19

While COVID-19 did not adversely affect demand for our products for the year ended December 25, 2021, during the year we did experience pandemic-related pressures in the global supply network that caused logistical issues, including higher freight costs, supplier lead time delays of products and inflation with respect to materials and labor costs, which impacted our results. As countries continue to combat COVID-19, and as government-imposed regulations regarding, among other things, COVID-19 testing, vaccine mandates and related workplace restrictions change around the world, there is still a risk that the pandemic may impact the overall demand environment as well as our ability to maintain staffing at our facilities, to source parts and other materials to meet demand levels, to maintain inventory levels and to fulfill contractual requirements. We will continue to closely monitor updates regarding the spread of COVID-19 and its variants, the distribution of vaccines developed to combat COVID-19, and applicable vaccine mandates, and we will adjust our operations according to guidelines from local, state and federal officials. In light of the foregoing, we may take actions that alter our business operations or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, suppliers and shareholders.

For a more detailed discussion of the impact of COVID-19 on our business, see “Human Capital Resources” below and ITEM 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Impacts of COVID-19.”

Patents, Trademarks and Other Intellectual Property

We own a number of patents important to our business, and we expect to continue to file patent applications to protect our research and development investments in new products. As of December 25, 2021, we held 74 patents and 14 pending patent applications, including foreign counterpart patents and foreign applications. For the United States, patents may last 20 years from the date of the patent's filing, depending upon term adjustments made by the patent office. In addition, we hold numerous trademarks in the United States and other countries. We also have licenses to intellectual property for the manufacture, use and sale of certain of our products.

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We obtain patent and other intellectual property rights used in connection with our business when practicable and appropriate. Historically, we have done so both organically, through commercial relationships and in connection with acquisitions.

For more information concerning the risks related to patents, trademarks and other intellectual property, see ITEM 1A, "Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Business – Our Intellectual Property and Information Security.”

Human Capital Resources

General

As of December 25, 2021, we had 3,360 employees worldwide, substantially all of whom were employed full-time. Our employees are categorized by various functions. “Operations” consists of employees engaged in production, product distribution and inventory quality control. “Product Development” includes employees involved in product development and purchasing. “Quality and Engineering” consists of employees involved in internal and external quality management, manufacturing engineering, design, and testing. “Sales” includes employees employed in sales and customer service. “Administration” includes executive officers and individuals employed in finance, legal, information technology, human resources and other functions supporting our business. The following table shows employees by function and region.

None of our global employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relations with our employees to be generally good.

Health and Safety

We maintain a safety culture grounded on the premise of eliminating workplace incidents, risks and hazards. We have created and implemented processes to help eliminate safety events and reduce their frequency and severity. We also review and monitor our performance closely. In 2021, we adopted an environmental, health and safety policy outlining our commitment to policies and practices that support the health and safety of our employees, contractors and the community, and the protection of the environment in the communities where we operate. We also implemented a human rights policy for the organization outlining our commitment to operating with respect for human rights.

In response to COVID-19, we implemented and continue to maintain enhanced safety measures in all our facilities to promote the health and welfare of our employees. We provided employees with communications and education programs designed to encourage employees to get vaccinated against COVID-19 when eligible and provided on-site vaccination clinics at our facilities. In addition, we maintain a COVID-19 sick leave policy providing continued salary and benefits to eligible employees.

Diversity and Inclusion

We embrace the diversity of our employees, including their unique backgrounds, experiences, thoughts and talents. Employees are valued and appreciated for their distinct contributions to the growth and sustainability of our business. We strive to cultivate a culture and vision that supports and enhances our ability to recruit, develop and retain diverse talent at every level. As part of our commitment to diversity,

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in 2021, we appointed our first Vice President of Development and Diversity, responsible for leading our diversity and inclusion strategy. Moreover, in 2021, we launched our “All In” initiative, a summit focused on inviting our employees to think and engage more with ideas such as diversity and inclusion to foster a collaborative environment.

As part of our commitment to a culture of inclusion, our Contributor Resource Group ("CRG") Program broadens and enhances company-wide interaction opportunities for our employees. Our CRG is open to all and involves activities for employees whose background is the focus of the CRG and those who are supportive of the groups that have been formed. These company-wide networks build on and coordinate with local teams that are already active in our operations and include groups such as those focused on the experiences of Women, Veteran’s, Multi-Cultural and Early Career Employees.

Talent and Development

Our talent strategy is focused on attracting the best talent, developing their skillsets and experiences and rewarding their performance. We focus significant attention on attracting and retaining talented and experienced individuals to manage and support our operations, and our leadership team routinely reviews employee turnover rates at various levels of the organization. Leadership also reviews employee engagement surveys to monitor employee morale and receive feedback on a variety of issues.

Compensation

We pay our employees competitively and offer a broad range of company-paid benefits, which we believe are competitive with others in our industry and in the geographies in which we compete for talent. We conduct an executive compensation benchmarking review annually to help ensure we are providing market-based compensation including base salary, short-term incentive and long-term incentives. We also participate in annual compensation surveys for all positions and strive to compensate our top talent and key roles competitively. Moreover, we believe our long-term incentives are structured in a manner to provide time-based vesting schedules that are retentive.

For information on risks relating to our human capital resources, see ITEM 1A, “Risk Factors – General Risk Factors – Losing the services of our executive officers or other highly qualified and experienced employees, or failing to attract and retain any of such officers or employees, could adversely affect our business.”

Available Information

Our Internet address is www.dormanproducts.com. The information on the website is not and should not be considered part of this Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. The website is, and is only intended to be, for reference purposes only. We make available free of charge on or through our website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In addition, we will provide, at no cost, paper or electronic copies of our reports and other filings made with the SEC. Requests should be directed to: Attention: Secretary, Dorman Products, Inc., 3400 East Walnut Street, Colmar, Pennsylvania 18915.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the following factors, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that

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we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially affect our business, financial conditions or results of operations. The risks are listed below in no particular order.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our Industry, Operations and Competition

Our business is impacted by the age, condition and number of vehicles that need servicing and by improvements in the quality of new vehicle parts.

The size of the automobile aftermarket industry depends, in part, upon the number of vehicles on the road, average vehicle age, change in total miles driven per year, new or modified environmental and vehicle safety regulations, including fuel-efficiency and emissions reduction standards, pricing of new cars and new car quality and related warranties. We believe the automobile aftermarket industry has been negatively impacted by the fact that the quality of more recent automotive vehicles and their component parts (and related warranties) has improved, thereby lengthening the repair cycle. Generally, if parts last longer, there will be less demand for our products, and the average useful life of automobile parts has been steadily increasing in recent years due to innovations in products and technology. In addition, the introduction by original equipment manufacturers of increased warranty and maintenance initiatives has the potential to decrease the demand for our products. These factors could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our industry is highly competitive, and our success depends on our ability to compete with suppliers of automotive aftermarket products, some of which may have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do.

The automotive aftermarket industry is highly competitive, and our success depends on our ability to compete with domestic and international suppliers of automotive aftermarket products. Due to the diversity of our product offering, we compete against a large cross section of aftermarket companies and brands, including, but not limited to, Cardone Industries, Inc., Standard Motor Products, Inc., Tenneco, Inc., Bosch Auto Parts, First Brands Group, LLC, Gates Corporation, Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. (VDO), MevoTech LP, ACDelco (owned by General Motors Company), Motorcraft (owned by Ford Motor Company), Meritor, Inc., Automann Inc. and numerous category specific competitors. In addition, we face competition from original equipment manufacturers, which, through their automotive dealerships, supply many of the same types of replacement parts we sell. Further, some of our private label customers also compete with us.

Some of our competitors may have larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to:

•engage in more extensive research and development;

•sell products at lower prices than we do;

•undertake more extensive marketing campaigns; and

We cannot assure you that our competitors will not develop products or services that are equal or superior to our products or that achieve greater market acceptance than our products or that in the future other companies involved in the automotive aftermarket industry will not expand their operations into product lines produced and sold by us. We also cannot assure you that additional entrants will not enter the automotive aftermarket industry or that companies in the aftermarket industry will not consolidate. Any such competitive pressures could cause us to lose market share or could result in significant price decreases and could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The loss or decrease in sales among one of our top customers, or a material change in the terms on which they are willing to buy from us, could have a substantial negative impact on our sales and operating results.

A significant percentage of our sales has been, and is expected to be, concentrated among a relatively small number of customers. During fiscal 2021, three customers each accounted for more than 10% of net sales and in the aggregate accounted for approximately 54% of net sales. We anticipate that this concentration of sales among these customers will continue in the future. The loss of a significant customer or a substantial decrease in sales to such a customer could have a material adverse effect on our sales and operating results. In addition, any consolidation among our key customers may further increase our customer concentration risk.

Also, while we may enter into long-term agreements with certain of our significant customers, those agreements generally do not contain purchase commitments, which instead are set forth in individual purchase orders submitted by customers based on their then-current or projected needs. We have in the past, and may in the future, lose customers or lose a particular product line of a customer due to the highly competitive conditions in the automotive aftermarket industry, consolidation of customers and customer initiatives to buy direct from foreign suppliers or other business considerations. A decision by any significant customer, whether motivated by competitive conditions, financial difficulties or otherwise, to materially decrease the amount of products purchased from us or the number of our product lines they choose to carry, to change their manner of doing business with us, or to stop doing business with us, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because our sales are concentrated, and the market in which we operate is very competitive, we are under ongoing pressure from our customers to offer lower prices, extend payment terms, increase marketing and transportation allowances, provide enhanced rebates, discounts, rights of return and credits and offer other terms more favorable to these customers. These customer demands have put continued pressure on our operating margins and profitability and in the future could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

There is substantial price competition in our industry, and our success and profitability will depend on our ability to maintain a competitive cost and price structure.

There is substantial price competition in our industry, and our success and profitability will depend on our ability to maintain a competitive cost and price structure. This is the result of a number of industry trends, including the consolidated purchasing power of large customers, the growth of e-commerce and actions taken by some of our competitors in an effort to attract new business, including efforts to enhance their online presence. Price reductions may be required to remain competitive in light of such industry trends, and such reductions may impact our sales and profit margins. Our future profitability will depend in part upon our ability to respond to changes in product and distribution channel mix, to continue to improve our manufacturing and distribution efficiencies, to generate cost reductions, including reductions in the cost of components purchased from outside suppliers, and to maintain a cost structure that will enable us to offer competitive prices. Our inability to maintain a competitive cost structure or to pass through increases in costs to our customers could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Limited shelf space and the inability of our customers to expand into new locations may adversely affect our ability to grow.

Since the amount of space available to a retailer and other purchasers of our products is limited, our products compete with other automotive aftermarket products, some of which are entirely dissimilar and otherwise non-competitive (such as car waxes and engine oil), for shelf and floor space. Moreover, our growth depends, in part, on the ability of our customers to open and operate new locations in which our products may be sold. No assurance can be given that additional space will be available in our customers'

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existing locations or that our customers will be able to expand into new locations that would support growth in the number of products and product lines that we offer. Any failure to maintain and/or grow our shelf or floor space, and any failure of our customers to maintain and/or grow their number of locations, could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Customer consolidation in the automotive aftermarket industry may lead to customer contract terms less favorable to us, which may negatively impact our financial results.

The automotive aftermarket industry has been consolidating over the past several years. As a result of such consolidations, many of our customers have grown larger and therefore have more leverage in the arms-length negotiations of agreements with us for the sale of our products. Customers may require us to provide extended payment terms, issue customer credits and accept returns of slow-moving product to obtain new, or retain existing, business. While we attempt to avoid or minimize such concessions, in some cases payment terms to customers have been extended, enhanced customer credits have been issued and returns of product have exceeded historical levels. The product returns and customer credits primarily affect our net sales and profit levels while payment term extensions and additional factoring costs generally reduce operating cash flow and require additional capital to finance our business. We expect these trends to continue for the foreseeable future.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by the effects of widespread public health epidemics, including COVID-19, that are beyond our control.

Any outbreaks of contagious diseases, public health epidemics and other adverse public health developments in countries where we, our customers and suppliers, operate could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted, and is expected to continue to adversely impact, our business, and the nature and extent of the impact may be highly uncertain and beyond our control. Uncertain factors relating to COVID-19 include the duration, spread and severity of the virus, the impact of mutations to the virus, the efficacy and distribution of vaccines and treatments designed to combat COVID-19, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customers, vendors, suppliers and employees, and the actions, or perception of actions that may be taken, to contain or treat its impact, including declarations of states of emergency, workplace mandates, business closures, manufacturing restrictions and a prolonged period of travel, commercial and/or other similar restrictions and limitations.

COVID-19 and the measures designed to contain its spread may negatively impact demand for our products, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Similarly, our suppliers may not have the materials, capacity, or capability to manufacture our products according to our schedule and specifications. If our suppliers’ operations are impacted, we may need to seek alternate suppliers, which may be more expensive, may not be available or may result in delays in shipments to us and subsequently to our customers, each of which would affect our results of operations. Further, in the event any members of our workforce, or those of our suppliers, contract COVID-19 or are otherwise compelled to quarantine, or refuse to comply with any COVID-19 workplace mandates, we may experience shortages in labor and services that we require for our operations. Our increased use of remote work environments and virtual platforms in response to the COVID-19 pandemic may also increase our risk of cyber-attacks and data security breaches.

The duration of the disruption to our customers, our supply chain and our employees, and the related financial and operational impacts to us, cannot be estimated at this time. Should any such disruption continue for an extended period of time, the impact could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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If we fail to maintain sufficient inventory to meet current customer demands, or if we fail to anticipate future changes in customer demands, our financial results could be adversely affected.

We must maintain sufficient in-stock inventory and anticipate future changes in customer demands in order to be successful. If we fail to do so, our financial results could be adversely affected. Fluctuations in demand may result from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, global economic conditions, COVID-19, the age, condition and number of vehicles that need servicing, automotive parts failure rates, loss of market share and improvements in product designs that result in enhanced quality and reliability of new vehicle parts. As a result of these and other factors, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience fluctuating levels of demand that require us to monitor, and, where appropriate, adjust our operations, including our inventory levels and staffing at our facilities. If we are unable to forecast accurately future reductions in demand, we may accumulate excess or obsolete inventory and be forced to reduce hours or layoff or furlough employees. Conversely, if we are unable to forecast accurately future increases in demand, we may have inventory shortfalls or inadequate staffing levels to meet demand, which may result in our inability to fill orders on a timely basis or at all and could result in penalties owed to our customers and the loss of net sales.

Our profitability may be materially adversely affected as a result of overstock inventory-related returns by our customers in excess of anticipated amounts.

In certain instances, we permit overstock returns of inventory that may be either new or non-defective or non-obsolete. To the extent our customer agreements permit overstock returns, those customers are generally limited to returning overstocked inventory according to a specified percentage of their annual purchases from us. We accrue for overstock returns as a percentage of sales, after giving consideration to recent historical returns. While we believe that we make reasonable estimates for overstock returns in accordance with our revenue recognition policies, actual returns may differ from our estimates. To the extent that overstocked returns are materially in excess of our projections, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

Our operations would be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to purchase raw materials, finished goods, equipment, manufactured components, or “core” products from our suppliers.

Because we purchase various types of raw materials, finished goods, equipment, and manufactured component parts from suppliers, we may be materially and adversely affected by the failure of those suppliers to perform as expected. This non-performance may consist of delivery delays or failures caused by production issues or delivery of non-conforming products. The risk of non-performance may also result from the insolvency or bankruptcy of one or more of our suppliers. Our suppliers’ ability to supply products to us is also subject to a number of risks, including availability and cost of raw materials, destruction of their facilities, natural disasters, work stoppages or health crises. For example, the automotive industry is currently experiencing a shortage in the supply of semi-conductors. We utilize semi-conductors in our products and, to date, have not encountered a material shortage in semi-conductors. However, if we are unable to source semi-conductors on a timely basis or at all, we may be unable to produce some of our products, which could adversely affect our ability to develop new products and fill orders on existing products. The COVID-19 pandemic may have a lasting impact on global production and industrial supply chains. For example, certain suppliers in China have been or may in the future be impacted by power shortages and rolling blackouts as a result of increased demand on factories that export products from China to economies beginning to reopen after following COVID-19 closures. In addition, our failure to promptly pay, or order sufficient quantities of inventory from our suppliers may increase the cost of products we purchase or may lead to suppliers refusing to sell products to us at all.

Furthermore, because certain products we sell contain parts that can be recycled and remanufactured, which parts are more commonly referred to in our industry as “core,” our ability to sell those products may

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be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to obtain those core parts from our suppliers on favorable terms, if at all.

Our efforts to protect against and to minimize these risks may not always be effective. If any of our key suppliers fail to meet our needs or if our relationships with any of our key suppliers are not maintained, it may not be possible to replace such supplier without disruptions in our operations. For example, we may experience delays in supply of manufacturing as new suppliers are qualified or as tooling is moved or replaced. Furthermore, replacement of a key supplier is often at higher prices, which could result in lower profit margins and could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operating results are sensitive to the availability and cost of third-party transportation providers, which are important in the manufacture and transport of our products.

We depend upon third-party transportation providers for shipments to and from our suppliers and for delivery of our products to us and to our customers. Our access to third-party transportation providers is not guaranteed, and, even if we have access to transportation providers, we may be unable to transport our products at economically attractive rates in certain circumstances, particularly in cases of adverse market conditions or disruptions to transportation infrastructure. Fluctuations in demand for third-party transportation providers and other events impacting transportation capacity and costs, such as strikes, political events, international trade disputes, war, terrorism, natural disasters, adverse weather conditions, congestion, increases in fuel prices, public health issues, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and other events, may impact the availability of third-party transportation providers to ship our products or the cost to ship our products. For example, during 2021, like many other companies, we experienced significantly higher freight and transportation costs as a result of global transportation and logistics constraints primarily resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, which also impacted our ability to readily transport our products. Our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to pass along increased transportation costs to our customers, or if third-party transportation capacity were to decline significantly or otherwise become unavailable.

Significant inflation could adversely affect our business and financial results.

Inflation can adversely affect us by increasing our operating costs, including our materials, freight and labor costs, which could have an adverse impact on our business or financial results. Inflation also can have a negative impact on customers’ willingness to purchase our products. In a highly inflationary environment, we may be unable to raise the sales prices of our products at or above the rate of inflation, which could reduce our profit margins.

Changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, could adversely affect our results of operations.

In fiscal 2021, approximately 74% of our products were purchased from suppliers in a variety of non-U.S. countries. The U.S. government has adopted a new approach to trade policy and in some cases has attempted to renegotiate or terminate certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements. It has also imposed tariffs on certain foreign goods, including steel and certain commercial vehicle parts, which have resulted in increased costs for goods imported into the United States. In response to these tariffs, a number of U.S. trading partners have imposed retaliatory tariffs on a wide range of U.S. products. If we are unable to pass price increases on to our customer base or otherwise mitigate the costs, or if demand for our products decreases due to the higher cost, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, further tariffs have been proposed by the United States and its trading partners and additional trade restrictions could be implemented on a broader range of products or raw materials. The resulting environment of retaliatory trade or other practices could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, results of operations, customers, suppliers and the global economy.

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Product Development, Acceptance and Quality

If we do not continue to develop new products and bring them to market, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially impacted.

Our historical growth and profitability have depended, in part, on the introduction of new parts to the automotive aftermarket industry. We invest in research and development to sustain or enhance our existing product portfolio. In certain circumstances, there may be a lengthy period between commencing these development initiatives and bringing new or improved products to market. In other instances, factors beyond our control may impact our ability to further our research and development activities. For example, new product activity was adversely impacted in the first half of 2020 due to COVID-19. Although new product development and commercialization rebounded towards the end of 2020, we ended 2020 with lower new product introductions than the prior year. During any period of delay in research and development activities, technology advancements, customer demand and the markets for our products may move in directions that we had not anticipated. There is no guarantee that our new products, or enhancements to existing products, will achieve market acceptance or that the timing of market adoption will be as predicted. As a result, there is a significant possibility that some of our development decisions, including significant expenditures on acquisitions, research and development, or investments in technologies, will not meet our expectations, and that our investment in some projects will be unprofitable. There is also a possibility that we may miss a market opportunity because we failed to invest or invested too late in a technology, product or enhancement sought by our customers or the markets into which we sell. If we fail to make the right investments or fail to make them at the right time, competing solutions may be more attractive in the market. As a result, our competitive position may suffer, and our revenue and profitability could be adversely affected.

The development and production of any new products is often accompanied by design and production delays and related costs. While we expect and plan for such delays and related costs, we cannot predict with precision the time and expense required to overcome these initial problems so that the products comply with specifications. Moreover, as a supplier in the automotive aftermarket industry, we may face additional challenges in designing and producing replacement products as original equipment manufacturers design parts that contain enhanced technology features or that are required to interface with other vehicle systems in order to work properly. There is a risk that we may not be able to introduce or bring to full-scale production new products as quickly as we expected in our product introduction plans, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may be adversely impacted by changes in, or restrictions on access to, automotive technology.

The automotive aftermarket industry is experiencing a period of significant technological change as a result of the trends toward the integration of advanced electronics into traditional products and the increase in the number of vehicles powered by fuel cells or electricity. Software, firmware, and hardware increasingly are becoming functionally integrated with, and inseparable from, physical automotive parts. While, traditionally, repair shops and car owners could diagnose and repair their automobiles with mechanical adjustments, today they often need access to vehicles’ control units using laptops, complex diagnostic tools and software. Restrictions on access to testing and diagnostic tools, software, telematics, data and repair information imposed by the original vehicle manufacturers or by governmental regulations may force vehicle owners to rely on dealers to perform maintenance and repairs. This in turn could limit our ability to design, manufacture and sell new products and could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

These trends have led to an increase in the significance of technology to our current and future products and the amount of capital we need to invest to develop these new technologies, as well as an increase in the amount of competition we face from technology focused new market entrants. If we misjudge the amount of capital to invest or are otherwise unable to continue providing products that meet our customers’ needs in this environment of rapid technological change, our market competitiveness could

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be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Design and quality problems with our products could damage our reputation and adversely affect our business.

We have experienced, and in the future may experience, reliability, quality, or compatibility problems in products after their production and sale to customers. Product design and quality problems and any associated product recalls could result in damage to our reputation, loss of customers, a decrease in revenue, litigation, unexpected expenses, and a loss of market share. We have invested and will continue to invest in our engineering, design, and quality infrastructure to help reduce these problems; however, there can be no assurance that we can successfully remedy these issues. To the extent we experience significant quality problems in the future, it could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our Intellectual Property and Information Security

Cyber-attacks or other breaches of information technology security could adversely impact our business and operations.

Cyber-attacks or other breaches of network or information technology security may cause equipment failure, disruption to our operations or the loss or theft of sensitive data relating to our Company and our employees, customers, suppliers, and business partners, including intellectual property, proprietary business information, and other sensitive material. Such attacks, which include the use of malware, encryption, computer viruses and other means for disruption or unauthorized access, on companies have increased in frequency, scope and potential harm in recent years. We take preventive actions to reduce the risk of cyber incidents and protect our information technology and networks, including the data that is maintained within them. However, such preventative actions may be insufficient to repel a cyber-attack or other network breach in the future. Furthermore, because the techniques used to carry out cyber-attacks change frequently and in many instances are not recognized until after they are used against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these changes or implement adequate preventative measures. Moreover, we utilize third-party vendors that provide information technology services for various areas, including human resources functions (e.g., payroll). While we generally require these vendors to monitor and protect their information technology systems against cyber-attacks and other breaches, their efforts may not be effective. To the extent that any cyber-attack or other security breach of one of our vendors’ systems causes a disruption in its operations or results in a loss or damage to our data, loss or theft of our intellectual property, or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, including information regarding our customers and the ultimate purchasers of our products, it could disrupt our operations or cause significant damage to our reputation, affect our relationship with our customers, suppliers and employees, and lead to claims against us and ultimately harm our business. Moreover, intruders that gain access to our intellectual property and trade secrets may attempt to use that information to harm our business, by developing competing or counterfeit products. Additionally, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future. Any such cyber-attacks and loss or theft of our intellectual property or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent, in part, on our intellectual property. If we are not able to protect our proprietary rights or if those rights are invalidated or circumvented, our business may be adversely affected.

Our business is dependent, in part, on our ability to innovate, and, as a result, we are reliant on our intellectual property. We generally protect our intellectual property through patents, trademarks, trade secrets, confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements and other measures to the extent our budget permits. There can be no assurance that patents will be issued from pending applications that we have filed or that our patents will be sufficient to protect our key technology from misappropriation or falling into the public domain, nor can assurances be made that any of our patents, patent applications, trademarks or our other

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intellectual property or proprietary rights will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. In addition, the level of protection of our proprietary technology varies by country and may be particularly uncertain in countries that do not have well developed judicial systems or laws that adequately protect intellectual property rights. Patent litigation and other challenges to our patents and other proprietary rights are costly and unpredictable and may prevent us from marketing and selling a product in a particular geographic area. Financial considerations also preclude us from seeking patent protection in every country where infringement litigation could arise. Our inability to predict our intellectual property requirements in all geographies and affordability constraints also impact our intellectual property protection investment decisions. If we are unable to protect our proprietary rights, we may be at a disadvantage to others who do not incur the substantial time and expense we incur to create our products. Preventing unauthorized use or infringement of our intellectual property is inherently difficult. Moreover, it may be difficult or practically impossible to detect theft or unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Claims of intellectual property infringement by original equipment manufacturers and others could adversely affect our business and negatively impact our ability to develop new products.

From time to time in the ordinary course of our business we are subject to claims that we are infringing the intellectual property rights of original equipment manufacturers or others. An adverse finding against us in these or similar intellectual property disputes may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations if we are not able to successfully develop or license non-infringing alternatives. In addition, an unfavorable ruling in intellectual property litigation could subject us to significant liability, increased legal expense, and require us to cease developing or selling the affected products or using the affected works of authorship or trademarks. Any significant restriction that impedes our ability to develop and commercialize our products could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to maintain the value of our brands could have an adverse effect on our reputation, cause us to incur significant costs and negatively impact our business.

Our brands are an important component of our value proposition and serve to distinguish our products from those of our competitors. We believe that our success depends, in part, on maintaining and enhancing the value of our brands and executing our brand strategies, which are designed to drive end-user demand for our products and make us a valued business partner to our customers through the support of their marketing initiatives. A decline in the reputation of our brands as a result of events, such as deficiencies or defects in the design or manufacture of our products, or from legal proceedings, product recalls or warranty claims resulting from such deficiencies or defects, may harm our reputation, reduce demand for our products and adversely affect our business. Moreover, our business may be adversely affected if we fail to develop adequate branding strategies following acquisitions of companies with their own established brands. In addition to the foregoing, certain of our customer agreements require us to supply them with private-label branded products. To the extent we use our own products to promote the brands of our customers over our own brands, our business may be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Capital Structure and Finances

Our business may be negatively impacted by foreign currency fluctuations and our dependence on foreign suppliers.

In fiscal 2021, approximately 74% of our products were purchased from suppliers in a variety of non-U.S. countries, with the largest portion of our overseas purchases being made in China. The products generally are purchased through purchase orders with the purchase price specified in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, we generally do not have exposure to fluctuations in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and various foreign currencies between the time of execution of the purchase order and payment for the product. To the extent that the U.S. dollar changes in value relative to those foreign currencies in the future,

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the prices charged by our suppliers under new purchase orders may change in equivalent U.S. dollars. For example, the Chinese yuan to U.S. dollar exchange rate has fluctuated over the past several years. Any future changes in the value of the Chinese yuan relative to the U.S. dollar may result in a change in the cost of products that we purchase from China in the future.

As a result of the magnitude of our foreign sourcing, our business may be subject to various risks, including the following:

If these risks limit or prevent us from acquiring products from foreign suppliers or significantly increase the cost of our products, our operations could be seriously disrupted until alternative suppliers are found, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We extend credit to our customers, some of whom may be unable to pay in the future.

We regularly extend credit to our customers. A significant percentage of our accounts receivable have been, and are expected to continue to be, concentrated among a relatively small number of automotive retailers and automotive parts distributors in the United States. Our four largest customers accounted for 71% of total accounts receivable as of December 25, 2021 and 82% of total accounts receivable as of December 26, 2020. In the ordinary course of business, management monitors, among other things, credit terms and credit limits for these and other customers. In addition, from time to time, some of our customers request increases in their credit limits. Such requests may pose incremental risks to us, either by increasing the credit limit for a customer and accepting additional financial risk of non-payment or maintaining the credit limit and risking the customer redirecting business to another supplier offering better credit terms. If any of our customers were unable to pay, or if any of those customers redirect their business to other suppliers offering better credit terms, it could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Increasing our indebtedness could negatively affect our financial health.

We have a credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, which provides for a $600 million revolving credit facility. As of December 25, 2021, there was $239.4 million in outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement and two outstanding letters of credit for $0.8 million in the aggregate.

Borrowings under our credit agreement are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness will increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same, and, as a result, our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, will correspondingly decrease.

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Furthermore, our outstanding indebtedness and any additional indebtedness we incur may have negative consequences on our business, including, among others: requiring us to use cash to pay the principal of and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the amount of cash available for other purposes; limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, stock repurchases, and general corporate or other purposes; and limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business, industries or the market.

Our ability to make payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness depends upon our future performance, which is subject to economic and political conditions, industry cycles and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness, we may be required to, among other things: refinance or restructure all or a portion of our indebtedness; reduce or delay planned capital or operating expenditures; reduce, suspend or eliminate our stock repurchase program; or sell selected assets. Such measures might not be sufficient to enable us to service our indebtedness. In addition, any such refinancing, restructuring or sale of assets might not be available on economically favorable terms or at all, and if prevailing interest rates at the time of any such refinancing or restructuring are higher than our current rates, interest expense related to such refinancing or restructuring would increase. The occurrence of any of such events could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, results of operations.

Our credit agreement contains covenants that will restrict our operational flexibility. If we cannot comply with these covenants, we may be in default under our credit agreement.

Our credit agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants, including with regard to requirements that we maintain specified financial ratios, which limit and restrict our operations and may hamper our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests. Events beyond our control could affect our ability to meet these and other covenants under the credit agreement. Moreover, our credit agreement is guaranteed by our material domestic subsidiaries and is supported by a security interest in substantially all of our and their personal property and assets, subject to certain exceptions.

Our failure to comply with our covenants and other obligations under the credit agreement may result in an event of default thereunder. A default, if not cured or waived, may permit acceleration of our indebtedness and provide our lenders with the ability to foreclose on the collateral securing their loans. If our indebtedness is accelerated, we cannot be certain that we will have sufficient funds available to pay down the indebtedness (together with accrued interest and fees), or that we will have the ability to refinance the accelerated indebtedness on terms favorable to us or at all. This could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are exposed to risks related to accounts receivable sales agreements.

We have entered into several customer sponsored programs administered by unrelated financial institutions that permit us to sell certain accounts receivable at discounted rates to the financial institutions without recourse. These agreements permit us to recover on our accounts receivable sooner than if they were not in place and help reduce the risk of non-payment by customers. Certain of our customers, however, do not offer the ability to participate in such sponsored programs. If we do not enter into these agreements, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected by delays or failures in collecting trade accounts receivables. In addition, if any of the financial institutions with which we have these agreements experiences financial difficulties or otherwise modifies or terminates these agreements, we may experience material and adverse economic losses due to the loss of such arrangements and the impact of such loss on our liquidity. The modification, termination or other loss of these arrangements could have a material and adverse effect upon our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The utility of these arrangements also depends upon LIBOR, as it is a component of the discount rate applicable to each arrangement. If LIBOR increases such that the cost of these arrangements becomes more than the cost of servicing our receivables with existing debt, we may

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not be able to rely on such arrangements, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The phaseout of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), or the replacement of LIBOR with a different reference rate, may have an adverse effect on our business.

The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, has announced that, after specified dates, LIBOR settings will cease to be provided by any administrator or will no longer be representative of the underlying market and economic reality that such settings are intended to measure. Accordingly, many existing LIBOR obligations will transition to another benchmark after June 30, 2023. Regulators have also stated that, for certain purposes, market participants should transition away from U.S. dollar LIBOR sooner.

It is unclear whether new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established or if alternative rates or benchmarks will be adopted. Our credit agreement and all our accounts receivable sales agreements utilize LIBOR as a benchmark for calculating the applicable interest rate. Changes in the method of calculating LIBOR, the elimination of LIBOR or the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative rate or benchmark may require us to renegotiate or amend these facilities, loans and programs, which may adversely affect interest rates and result in higher borrowing costs. This could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. We cannot predict the effect of the potential changes to or elimination of LIBOR or the establishment and use of alternative rates or benchmarks and the corresponding effects upon our cost of capital.

Dorman’s Executive Chairman and his family members own a significant portion of the Company.

As of February 17, 2022, Steven L. Berman, our Executive Chairman, and his family members beneficially owned approximately 17% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. As such, Mr. Berman and his family members can influence matters requiring approval of shareholders, including the election of the Board of Directors and the approval of significant transactions. Such concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control of the Company, could deprive shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of the Company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock. Moreover, sales of substantial amounts of the shares beneficially owned by Mr. Berman and his family members, including shares held in family trusts and foundations, or the perception that such sales could occur, may lower the prevailing market price of our common stock.

General Risk Factors

Unfavorable economic conditions may adversely affect our business.

Adverse changes in economic conditions, including inflation, recession, increases in fuel prices, decreased transportation capacity, tariffs, labor shortages and unemployment levels, availability of consumer credit, taxation or instability in the financial markets or credit markets may either lower demand for our products or increase our operational costs, or both. Such conditions may also materially impact our customers, suppliers and other parties with whom we do business. Our revenue will be adversely affected if demand for our products declines. The impact of unfavorable economic conditions may also impair the ability of our customers to pay for products they have purchased. As a result, reserves for doubtful accounts and write-offs of accounts receivables may increase and failure to collect a significant portion of amounts due on those receivables could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our operations, revenues and operating results, and the operations of our third-party manufacturers, suppliers, warehouse and distribution providers, and customers, may be subject to quarter over quarter fluctuations and disruptions from events beyond our or their control.

Our operations, revenues and operating results, as well as the operations of our third-party manufacturers, suppliers, warehouse and distribution providers, and customers, may be subject to quarter over quarter fluctuations and disruptions from a variety of causes outside of our or their control, including work stoppages, market volatility, fuel and transportation prices, acts of war, terrorism, cyber incidents, pandemics, power outages, fire, earthquake, flooding, changes in weather patterns, weather or seasonal fluctuations or other climate-based changes, including hurricanes or tornadoes, or other natural disasters. If a major disruption were to occur at our operations or the operations of our third-party manufacturers, suppliers, warehouse and distribution providers, or customers, it could result in harm to people or the natural environment, delays in shipments of products to customers or suspension of operations. In addition, such events could result in our inability to fill orders on a timely basis or at all and result in penalties owed to our customers and the loss of net sales. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely extensively on computer systems to manage inventory, process transactions and timely provide products to our customers. These systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, security breaches, cyber-attacks or other catastrophic events. If these systems are damaged or fail to function properly, we may experience loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our ability to manage inventories or process customer transactions. Such a disruption to these systems could negatively impact revenue and could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Unfavorable results of legal proceedings could materially adversely affect us.

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise out of the ordinary course of our business, such as those involving contracts, employment matters, competitive practices, intellectual property infringement and product liability claims. Legal proceedings and claims and associated internal investigations may be time-consuming and expensive to prosecute, defend or conduct. This may be true whether they are with or without merit and whether they are covered by insurance or not. They also may divert management’s attention and other resources; inhibit our ability to sell our products; result in adverse judgments for damages, injunctive relief, penalties and fines; and negatively affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance regarding the outcome of current or future legal proceedings, claims or investigations.

The market price of our common stock may be volatile and could expose us to securities class action litigation.

The stock market and the price of our common stock may be subject to wide fluctuations based upon general economic and market conditions. The market price for our common stock also may be affected by our ability to meet analysts’ expectations. Failure to meet such expectations, even slightly, could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. In addition, stock market volatility has had a significant effect on the market prices of securities issued by many companies for reasons unrelated to the operating performance of these companies. Downturns in the stock market may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against such companies. If similar litigation were instituted against us, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Losing the services of our executive officers or other highly qualified and experienced employees or failing to attract and retain any of such officers or employees could adversely affect our business.

Our future success depends upon the continued contributions of our executive officers and senior management, many of whom have numerous years of experience and would be extremely difficult to replace. We must also attract and retain experienced and highly skilled engineering, sales and marketing, finance, logistics, information technology and operations personnel. Although we periodically conduct compensation benchmarking and surveys, competition for qualified personnel is often intense, our compensation programs may not be adequately designed, and we may not be successful in hiring and retaining these people. In addition, we have seen increased demand and competition for qualified workers in our manufacturing and distribution centers, where we have experienced labor shortages resulting from COVID-19 and other economic factors. To the extent such increase in demand or competitive conditions drives higher wages for those roles, our ability to attract talent and maintain a competitive cost structure may be challenged. If we lose the services of our key employees, cannot attract and retain other qualified personnel or cannot maintain a competitive cost structure as a result of any of the foregoing, it could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our growth may be impacted by acquisitions. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates, complete acquisitions or integrate acquisitions successfully.

Our future growth is likely to depend to some degree on our ability to acquire and successfully integrate new businesses. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates, complete acquisitions, or integrate acquisitions, such as Dayton Parts, successfully. We may seek additional acquisition opportunities, both to further diversify our businesses and to penetrate or expand important product offerings, geographies or markets. There are no assurances, however, that we will be able to successfully identify suitable candidates, negotiate appropriate terms, obtain financing on acceptable terms, complete proposed acquisitions, successfully integrate acquired businesses, or expand into new geographies or markets. Once acquired, operations may not achieve anticipated levels of revenues or profitability. Acquisitions involve risks, including difficulties in the integration of the operations, technologies, services and products of the acquired companies and the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns. Although our management will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in any particular transaction, there are no assurances that we will properly ascertain all such risks. Difficulties encountered with acquisitions could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in tax laws or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to income taxes, as well as non-income-based taxes, at the federal, state and local levels. We are subject to tax audits in various jurisdictions. Tax authorities may disagree with certain positions we have taken and assess additional taxes. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of these audits in order to determine the appropriateness of our tax provision. However, there can be no assurance that we will accurately predict the outcomes of these audits, and the actual outcomes of these audits could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, changes in tax laws or tax rulings could materially impact our effective tax rate.

Global climate change and related regulations could negatively affect our business.

The effects of climate change, such as extreme weather conditions, create financial risks to our business. For example, the demand for our products may be affected by unseasonable weather conditions. The effects of climate change could also disrupt our operations by impacting the availability and cost of materials needed for manufacturing and could increase insurance and other operating costs. We could also face indirect financial risks passed through the supply chain and disruptions that could result in increased prices for our products and the resources needed to produce them.

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Climate change is continuing to receive ever increasing attention worldwide. Many scientists, legislators and others attribute climate change to increased levels of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, which could lead to additional legislative and regulatory efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions. For example, new federal or state restrictions on emissions of carbon dioxide that may be imposed on vehicles and automobile fuels could adversely affect demand for vehicles, annual miles driven or the products we sell or lead to changes in automotive technology. Compliance with any new or more stringent laws or regulations, or stricter interpretations of existing laws, could require increased capital expenditures to improve our product portfolio to meet such new laws, regulations and standards. While we have been committed to continuous improvements to our product portfolio to meet and exceed anticipated regulatory standard levels, there can be no assurance that our commitments will be successful, that our products will be accepted by the market, that proposed regulation or deregulation will not have a negative competitive impact or that economic returns will reflect our investments in new product development.

We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar anti-bribery laws around the world.

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the "FCPA") and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials or other persons for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Recent years have seen a substantial increase in anti-bribery law enforcement activity, with more frequent and aggressive investigations and enforcement proceedings by both U.S. and non-U.S. regulators, and increases in criminal and civil proceedings brought against companies and individuals. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. We operate in parts of the world that are recognized as having governmental and commercial corruption and local customs and practices that can be inconsistent with anti-bribery laws. We cannot assure you that our internal control policies and procedures will always protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or third-party intermediaries. In the event that we believe or have reason to believe that our employees or agents have or may have violated applicable anti-corruption laws, or if we are subject to allegations of any such violations, we may be required to investigate or have outside counsel investigate the relevant facts and circumstances, which can be expensive and require significant time and attention from senior management. Violations of these laws may result in criminal or civil sanctions, which could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we could be subject to commercial impacts such as lost revenue from customers who decline to do business with us as a result of such compliance matters, or we could be subject to lawsuits brought by private litigants, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our products are subject to import and export controls in jurisdictions in which we distribute or sell our products. Import and export controls and economic sanctions laws and regulations include restrictions and prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain products and on our transfer of parts, components, and related technical information and know-how to certain countries, regions, governments, persons and entities.

Various countries regulate the importation of certain products through import permitting and licensing requirements and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products. The exportation, re-exportation, transfers within foreign countries and importation of our products, including by our suppliers and vendors, must comply with these laws and regulations, and any violations may result in reputational harm, government investigations and penalties, and a denial or curtailment of importing or exporting activities. Complying with export control and sanctions laws for a particular sale may be time consuming, may increase our costs, and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. If we are found to be in violation of U.S. sanctions or export control laws, or similar laws in other jurisdictions, we and the individuals working for us could incur substantial fines and penalties. Changes in export, sanctions or import laws or regulations may delay the introduction and sale of our products in the U.S. and international markets, require us to spend resources to seek necessary government authorizations or to

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develop different versions of our products, or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries, regions, governments, persons or entities, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None

ITEM 2. Properties.

Facilities

As of December 25, 2021, we had 28 warehouse and office facilities located throughout the United States, Canada, China, Taiwan and India. Five of these facilities are owned and the remainder are leased. Our principal facilities are as follows:

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ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings.

The information set forth under the heading “Other Contingencies” appearing in Note 10. “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in PART IV, ITEM 15 of this report is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable

ITEM 4.1. Information about Our Executive Officers.

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to our executive officers as of February 22, 2022:

Steven L. Berman became the Executive Chairman of the Company in September 2015. Additionally, Mr. Berman has served as a director of the Company since its inception in 1978. From January 2011 to September 2015, Mr. Berman served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and from October 2007 to January 2011, Mr. Berman served as President of the Company. Prior to October 2007, Mr. Berman served as Executive Vice President of the Company.

Kevin M. Olsen joined the Company in July 2016 as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. He became Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer in June 2017, President and Chief Operating Officer in August 2018 and President and Chief Executive Officer in January 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Olsen was Chief Financial Officer of Colfax Fluid Handling, a division of Colfax Corporation, a diversified global manufacturing and engineering company that provides gas and fluid-handling and fabrication technology products and services to commercial and governmental customers around the world, from January 2013 through June 2016. Prior to joining Colfax, he served in progressively responsible management roles at the Forged Products Aero Turbine Division of Precision Castparts Corp, Crane Energy Flow Solutions, a division of Crane Co., Netshape Technologies, Inc., and Danaher Corporation. Prior thereto, Mr. Olsen performed public accounting work at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.

Joseph P. Braun joined the Company in April 2019 as Senior Vice President and General Counsel, and he was appointed Corporate Secretary in May 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Braun served as Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary of Avantor, Inc., a leading, global provider of mission-critical products and services to customers in the life sciences and advanced technologies and applied materials industries. Prior to joining Avantor, he worked at Tyco International plc (now known as Johnson Controls International plc), a leading global provider of security, fire detection and suppression, and life safety products and services, where he served in positions of increasing responsibility, including, most recently, as Vice President, Mergers & Acquisitions. Mr. Braun began his legal career in private practice at various law firms, where he advised public and private companies on mergers and acquisitions and securities and corporate governance matters.

Jeffrey L. Darby joined the Company in November 1998 as a National Account Manager. He became Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing in February 2011. He previously held the positions of Group Vice President from 2008 to 2010 and Vice President of Sales – Traditional and Key Accounts from 2006 to 2008. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Darby worked for Federal Mogul Corporation/Moog

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Automotive, an automotive parts supplier, beginning in 1990 and held positions in sales and marketing management.

David M. Hession joined the Company in February 2019 and was appointed to serve as the Company’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer effective March 2019. Mr. Hession was also appointed Treasurer in May 2019. Mr. Hession was Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of Johnsonville, LLC, a privately held manufacturer of sausage and other protein products, from May 2013 to January 2019. Prior to that time, Mr. Hession worked at McCormick & Company, Inc., a global leader in the manufacture, marketing and distribution of spices, seasonings and flavors to the entire food industry, where he served in various positions of increasing responsibility including, most recently, as Vice President Finance & Administration. Mr. Hession also previously held positions with Tradeout, Inc., a business-to-business Internet exchange for surplus inventory and fixed assets, and Xylum Corporation, a development stage medical device manufacturer, and he performed management consulting work for Ernst & Young, LLP and Peterson Consulting LP.

Michael B. Kealey joined the Company in November 2002, as a Product Manager. He became Executive Vice President, Commercial in June 2017. He previously held the positions of Senior Vice President, Product from February 2011 through May 2017, Vice President – Product from January 2007 through January 2011, and Director – Product Management from April 2003 through December 2006. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Kealey was employed by Eastern Warehouse Distributors, Inc., a distributor of automotive replacement parts, most recently as Vice President – Purchasing.

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PART II

ITEM 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our shares of common stock are traded publicly on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “DORM”. At February 17, 2022, there were 210 holders of record of our common stock.

We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any payment of dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other things, our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, provisions of our existing credit agreement and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant.

For the information regarding our equity compensation plans, see PART III ITEM 12, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters.”

Stock Performance Graph. Below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total shareholder return for our common stock with the cumulative total shareholder return for the NASDAQ US Benchmark Auto Parts TR index and the NASDAQ Composite Market Index for the period from December 31, 2016 to December 25, 2021. The NASDAQ US Benchmark Auto Parts TR index replaces the Morningstar Auto Parts Index used previously by the Company in this analysis, as Morningstar has changed its methodology for its index.

The NASDAQ US Benchmark Auto Parts TR index is comprised of 27 public companies and the information was furnished by Zacks Investment Research, Inc. The graph assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2016 in our common stock and each of the indices, and that dividends were reinvested when and as paid. In calculating the cumulative total shareholder returns, the companies included are weighted according to the stock market capitalization of such companies. The Morningstar Auto Parts Index is comprised of 140 public companies and the information was furnished by Morningstar, Inc.

The stock price performance shown in the graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

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The performance graph and the information set forth therein shall not be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any filing made by us with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.

Stock Repurchases

During the three months ended December 25, 2021, we purchased shares of our common stock as follows:

ITEM 6. [Reserved]

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ITEM 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included in PART II, ITEM 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The matters discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties. See the “Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above and PART I, ITEM 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding forward-looking statements and the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. In ITEM 7, we discuss fiscal 2021 and 2020 results and comparisons of fiscal 2021 results to fiscal 2020 results. Discussions of fiscal 2019 results and comparisons of fiscal 2020 results to fiscal 2019 results can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in PART II, ITEM 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2020.

Overview

We are one of the leading suppliers of replacement parts and fasteners for passenger cars and light-, medium-, and heavy-duty trucks in the automotive aftermarket industry. As of December 25, 2021, we marketed approximately 118,000 distinct parts compared to approximately 81,000 as of December 26, 2020, many of which we designed and engineered. This number excludes private label stock keeping units and other variations in how we market, package and distribute our products, includes distinct parts of acquired companies and reflects distinct parts that have been discontinued at the end of their lifecycle. Our products are sold under our various brand names, under our customers’ private label brands or in bulk. We are one of the leading aftermarket suppliers of OE “dealer exclusive” parts. OE “dealer exclusive” parts are those parts that were traditionally available to consumers only from OE manufacturers or salvage yards. These parts include, among other parts, leaf springs, intake manifolds, exhaust manifolds, window regulators, radiator fan assemblies, tire pressure monitor sensors, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) coolers, and complex electronics modules.

We generate the majority of our net sales from customers in the North American automotive aftermarket industry, primarily in the United States. Our products are sold primarily through automotive aftermarket retailers, including through their on-line platforms; national, regional and local warehouse distributors and specialty markets; and salvage yards. We also distribute automotive aftermarket parts outside the United States, with sales primarily into Canada and Mexico, and to a lesser extent, Europe, the Middle East and Australia.

We may experience significant fluctuations from quarter to quarter in our results of operations due to the timing of orders placed by our customers as well as our ability and the ability of our suppliers to deliver products ordered by our customers. The introduction of new products and product lines to customers, as well as business acquisitions, may also cause significant fluctuations from quarter to quarter.

We operate on a 52-53-week period ended on the last Saturday of the calendar year. The fiscal years ended December 25, 2021 (“fiscal 2021”), December 26, 2020 (“fiscal 2020”) and December 28, 2019 (“fiscal 2019”) were 52-week periods.

Business Performance Summary

Net sales increased 23% to $1,345.2 million in fiscal 2021 from $1,092.7 million in fiscal 2020, while net income increased 23% to $131.5 million in fiscal 2021 from $106.9 million in fiscal 2020. Additionally, in fiscal 2021 we generated cash flows from operations of $100.3 million and repurchased 605,628 common shares under our share repurchase program for $61.6 million.

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Impacts of COVID-19

In late March 2020, we began experiencing softening customer demand as a result of government-imposed restrictions designed to slow the spread of COVID-19. While customer orders dropped significantly early in the second quarter of 2020 due to government-imposed restrictions, we saw a rapid recovery as the second quarter progressed with June orders up above June 2019 levels.

While COVID-19 did not adversely affect demand for our products for the year ended December 25, 2021, during the period we did experience pandemic-related pressures in the global supply network that caused logistical issues, including higher freight costs, supplier lead time delays of products, and inflation with respect to materials and labor costs, which impacted our results. We currently expect those pressures to continue to exist into fiscal 2022. As countries continue to combat COVID-19, and as government-imposed regulations regarding, among other things, COVID-19 testing, vaccine mandates and related workplace restrictions change around the world, there is still a risk that the pandemic may impact the overall demand environment as well as our ability to maintain staffing at our facilities, to source parts and other materials to meet demand levels, to maintain inventory levels and to fulfill contractual requirements. We will continue to closely monitor updates regarding the spread of COVID-19 and its variants, the distribution of vaccines developed to combat COVID-19, and applicable vaccine mandates, and we will adjust our operations according to guidelines from local, state and federal officials. In light of the foregoing, we may take actions that alter our business operations or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, suppliers and shareholders.

New Product Development

New product development is an important success factor for us and traditionally has been our primary vehicle for growth. We have made incremental investments to increase our new product development efforts to grow our business and strengthen our relationships with our customers. The investments primarily have been in the form of increased product development resources, increased customer and end-user awareness programs, and customer service improvements. These investments historically have enabled us to provide an expanding array of new product offerings and grow revenues at levels that generally have exceeded market growth rates.

In fiscal 2021, we introduced 4,315 new distinct parts to our customers and end-users, including 990 “New-to-the-Aftermarket” parts. Please see ITEM 1, “Business – Product Development” for a year-over-year comparison of new product introductions.

One area of focus has been our complex electronics program, which capitalizes on the growing number of electronic components being utilized on today’s OE platforms. New vehicles contain an average of approximately 35 electronic modules, with some high-end luxury vehicles containing over 100 modules. Our complex electronics products are designed and developed in-house and tested to help ensure consistent performance, and our product portfolio is focused on further developing our leadership position in the category.

Another area of focus has been on Dorman^® HD Solutions™, a line of products we market for the medium- and heavy-duty truck sector of the automotive aftermarket industry. We believe that this sector provides many of the same opportunities for growth that the passenger car and light truck sector of the automotive aftermarket industry has provided us. Through Dorman^® HD Solutions™, we specialize in what formerly were “dealer exclusive” parts similar to how we have approached the passenger car and light-duty truck sector. During fiscal 2021, we introduced 87 distinct parts in this product line. We expect to continue to invest in the medium- and heavy-duty product category, as evidenced by our acquisition of Dayton Parts in fiscal 2021.

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Acquisitions

Our growth is also impacted by acquisitions. For example, on August 10, 2021, we acquired Dayton Parts, a manufacturer of chassis and other parts designed to serve the heavy-duty vehicle sector of the aftermarket. See Note 2, Business Acquisitions and Investments under Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. We may acquire businesses in the future to supplement our financial growth, increase our customer base, add to our distribution capabilities or enhance our product development resources, among other reasons.

Economic Factors

The Company’s financial results are also impacted by various economic and industry factors, including, but not limited to the number, age and condition of vehicles in operation at any one time, and miles driven by those vehicles.

Vehicles in Operation

The Company’s products are primarily purchased and installed on a subsegment of the passenger and light duty vehicles in operation in the United States (“VIO”), specifically weighted towards vehicles aged 8 to 13 years old. Each year, the United States seasonally adjusted annual rate (“US SAAR”) of new vehicles purchased adds a new year to the VIO. According to data from the Auto Care Association (“Auto Care”), the US SAAR experienced a decline from 2008 to 2011 as consumers purchased fewer new vehicles as a result of the Great Recession of 2008. We believe that the declining US SAAR during that period resulted in a follow-on decline in our primary VIO subsegment (8 to 13-year-old vehicles) commencing in 2016. However, following 2011 and the impact of the Great Recession of 2008, U.S. consumers began to increase their purchases of new vehicles which over time caused the US SAAR to recover and return to more historical levels. Consequently, subject to any potential impacts from COVID-19, we expect the VIO for vehicles aged 8 to 13 years old to continue to recover over the next several years.

In addition, we believe that vehicle owners generally are operating their current vehicles longer than they did several years ago, performing necessary repairs and maintenance to keep those vehicles well maintained. We believe this trend has resulted in an increase in VIO. According to data published by Polk, a division of IHS Automotive, the average age of VIO increased to 12.2 years as of October 2021 from 12.0 years as of October 2020 despite increasing new car sales. Additionally, while the number of VIO in the United States increased 4% in 2021 to 291.9 million from 279.8 million in 2020, the number of VIO that are 11 years old or older decreased from 60% in 2020 to 57% in 2021.

Miles Driven

The number of miles driven is another important statistic that impacts our business. According the U.S. Department of Transportation, the number of miles driven through October 2021 increased 11.2% year over year. Generally, as vehicles are driven more miles, the more likely it is that parts will fail and there will be increased demand for replacement parts, including our parts.

Brand Protection

We operate in a highly competitive market. As a result, we are continuously evaluating our approach to brand, pricing and terms to our different customers and channels. For example, in the third quarter of 2019, we modified our brand protection policy, which is designed to ensure that certain products bearing the Dorman name are not advertised below certain approved pricing levels.

Discounts, Allowances, and Incentives

We offer a variety of customer discounts, rebates, defective and slow-moving product returns and other incentives. We may offer cash discounts for paying invoices in accordance with the specified discount terms of the invoice. In addition, we may offer pricing discounts based on volume purchased from us or other pricing discounts related to programs under a customer’s agreement. These discounts can be in the

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form of “off-invoice” discounts and are immediately deducted from sales at the time of sale. For those customers that choose to receive a payment on a quarterly or annual basis instead of “off-invoice,” we accrue for such payments as the related sales are made and reduce sales accordingly. Finally, rebates and discounts are provided to customers to support promotional activities such as advertising and sales force allowances.

Our customers, particularly our larger retail customers, regularly seek more favorable pricing and product return provisions, and extended payment terms when negotiating with us. We attempt to avoid or minimize these concessions as much as possible, but we have granted pricing concessions, indemnification rights, extended customer payment terms, and allowed a higher level of product returns in certain cases. These concessions impact net sales as well as our profit levels and may require additional capital to finance the business. We expect our customers to continue to exert pressure on our margins.

New Customer Acquisition Costs

New customer acquisition costs refer to arrangements under which we incur change-over costs to induce a customer to switch from a competitor’s brand. Change-over costs include the costs related to removing the new customer’s inventory and replacing it with our inventory, which is commonly referred to as a stock lift. New customer acquisition costs are recorded as a reduction to revenue when incurred.

Product Warranty and Overstock Returns

Many of our products carry a lifetime limited warranty, which generally covers defects in materials or workmanship and failure to meet specifications. In addition to warranty returns, we also may permit our customers to return new, undamaged products to us within customer-specific limits if they have overstocked their inventories. At the time products are sold, we accrue a liability for product warranties and overstock returns as a percentage of sales based upon estimates established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of the claim and the probability of the customer return. Significant judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with establishing the sales returns and other allowances in any accounting period. Revision to these estimates is made when necessary, based upon changes in these factors. We regularly study trends of such claims.

Foreign Currency

Our products are purchased from suppliers in the United States and a variety of non-U.S. countries. The products generally are purchased through purchase orders with the purchase price specified in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, we generally do not have exposure to fluctuations in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and various foreign currencies between the time of execution of the purchase order and payment for the product.

To the extent that the U.S. dollar changes in value relative to those foreign currencies in the future, the prices charged by our suppliers for products under new purchase orders may change in equivalent U.S. dollars. The largest portion of our overseas purchases comes from China. The Chinese yuan to U.S. dollar exchange rate has fluctuated over the past several years. Any future changes in the value of the Chinese yuan relative to the U.S. dollar may result in a change in the cost of products that we purchase from China. However, the cost of the products we procure is also affected by other factors including raw material availability, labor cost, and transportation costs.

Since our consolidated financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, the assets, liabilities, net sales, and expenses which are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar must be converted into U.S. dollars using exchange rates for the current period. As a result, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may impact our financial results.

Impact of Labor Market and Inflationary Costs

We have experienced broad-based inflationary impacts during the year ended December 25, 2021, due primarily to global transportation and logistics constraints, which have resulted in significantly higher

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transportation costs; tariffs; material costs; and wage inflation from an increasingly competitive labor market. We expect increased freight, higher labor costs and material inflation costs to continue to negatively impact our results through fiscal 2022. We attempt to offset inflationary pressures with cost saving initiatives, price increases to customers and the use of alternative suppliers. Although we have implemented pass-through price increases to offset inflationary cost impacts, the price increases have often been implemented after we have experienced higher costs resulting in a lag effect to the full recovery of these costs. Furthermore, pricing increases that we implemented to pass through the increased costs had no added profit dollars and consequently resulted in lower gross and operating margin percentages. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in implementing pricing increases in the future to recover increased inflationary costs.

Impact of Tariffs

In the third quarter of 2018, the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) began imposing additional tariffs on products imported from China, including many of our products, ranging from 7.5% to 25%. The tariffs enacted to date increase the cost of many of the products that are manufactured for us in China. We have taken several actions to mitigate the impact of the tariffs including, but not limited to, price increases to our customers and cost concessions from our suppliers. We expect to continue mitigating the impact of tariffs primarily through selling price increases to offset the higher tariffs incurred. Tariffs are not expected to have a material impact on our net income but are expected to increase net sales and lower our gross and operating profit margins to the extent that these additional costs are passed through to customers.

In January 2020, the USTR granted temporary tariff relief for certain categories of products being imported from China. The tariff relief granted by the USTR expired on most categories of products being imported from China at the end of 2020. However, the USTR has publicly stated that it is considering reinstating temporary tariff relief on a subset of the previously exempt categories of products imported from China after October 12, 2021 following its review of public comments submitted to the USTR prior to December 1, 2021. As of the date of this filing, the USTR has not reinstated exemptions from tariffs on the subset of previously exempt categories of products imported from China. We expect that we will reverse tariff-related price increases previously passed along to our customers and cost concessions previously received from our suppliers as tariffs are reduced or tariff relief is granted.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the dollar value and percentage of net sales represented by certain items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations:

* Percentage of sales information may not add due to rounding

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Fiscal Year Ended December 25, 2021 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 26, 2020

Net sales increased 23% to $1,345.2 million in fiscal 2021 from $1,092.7 million in fiscal 2020. The increase in net sales reflected the addition of Dayton Parts as well as robust customer demand across all our product channels. Year-over-year net sales growth excluding Dayton Parts for fiscal 2021 was 16%. The absence of the government imposed shut-downs that negatively impacted fiscal 2020 was also a significant contributor to the year-over-year growth.

Gross profit margin was 34.4% of net sales in fiscal 2021 compared to 35.1% of net sales in fiscal 2020. Gross margin contraction was driven by broad-based inflationary impacts due to global transportation and logistics constraints and higher costs from fair value adjustments to inventory recorded in connection with the Dayton Parts acquisition in fiscal 2021. These factors were partially offset by cost saving initiatives and price increases. Additionally, we benefitted from the absence of out-of-pocket costs incurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic in fiscal 2020.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $291.4 million, or 21.7% of net sales, in fiscal 2021 compared to $249.7 million, or 22.9% of net sales, in fiscal 2020. The decrease in SG&A as a percentage of net sales was due to the operating leverage from the $252.5 million increase in net sales in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020. Additionally, we saw benefits in SG&A as a percentage of net sales from the absence of out-of-pocket costs related to the COVID-19 pandemic incurred in fiscal 2020. These benefits were partially offset by wage and benefits inflation and costs related to the completion of the Dayton Parts acquisition and subsequent integration activities in fiscal 2021.

Our effective tax rate increased to 22.5% in fiscal 2021 from 21.3% in fiscal 2020. The higher effective tax rate for fiscal 2021 was the result of higher state tax expense and nondeductible transaction costs related to the Dayton Parts acquisition. The lower fiscal 2020 effective tax rate was the result of a nontaxable book gain and the write-off of a deferred tax liability in connection with our acquisition of the controlling interest in Power Train Industries, Inc. (“PTI”) in January 2020, and a foreign tax credit carry-back claim.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, our primary sources of liquidity have been our invested cash and the cash flow we generate from our operations, including accounts receivable sales programs provided by certain customers. Cash and cash equivalents at December 25, 2021 decreased to $58.8 million from $155.6 million at December 26, 2020. Working capital was $411.5 million at December 25, 2021 compared to $600.3 million at December 26, 2020. Shareholders’ equity was $932.7 million at December 25, 2021 and $853.6 million at December 26, 2020. Based on our current operating plan, we believe that our sources of available capital are adequate to meet our ongoing cash needs for at least the next twelve months. However, our liquidity could be negatively affected by extending payment terms to customers, a decrease in demand for our products, the outcome of contingencies or other factors. See Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies”, in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding commitments and contingencies that may affect our liquidity.

Tariffs

Tariffs increase our uses of cash since we pay for the tariffs upon the arrival of our goods in the United States but collect the cash on any passthrough price increases from our customers on a delayed basis according to the payment terms negotiated with our customers.

Payment Terms and Accounts Receivable Sales Programs

Over the past several years we have continued to extend payment terms to certain customers as a result of customer requests and market demands. These extended terms have resulted in increased accounts receivable levels and significant uses of cash flows. We participate in accounts receivable sales programs with several customers that allow us to sell our accounts receivable to financial institutions to offset the

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negative cash flow impact of these payment terms extensions. However, any sales of accounts receivable through these programs ultimately result in us receiving a lesser amount of cash than if we collected those accounts receivable ourselves in due course. Moreover, to the extent that any of these accounts receivable sales programs bear interest rates tied to the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), as LIBOR rates increase our cost to sell our receivables also increases. See ITEM 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” for more information. During fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, we sold approximately $935.8 million and $740.0 million, respectively, under these programs. If receivables had not been sold, $598.8 million and $505.1 million of additional receivables would have been outstanding at December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020, respectively, based on standard payment terms. We had capacity to sell more accounts receivable under these programs if the needs of the business warranted. Further extensions of customer payment terms would result in additional uses of cash flow or increased costs associated with the sales of accounts receivable.

Credit Agreement

On August 10, 2021, in connection with the acquisition of Dayton Parts, we entered into a new credit agreement that provides for a $600 million revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $60 million (the “New Facility”). The New Facility replaced our previous $100 million revolving credit facility. The New Facility matures on August 10, 2026, is guaranteed by the Company’s material domestic subsidiaries (together with the Company, the “Credit Parties”) and is supported by a security interest in substantially all of the Credit Parties’ personal property and assets, subject to certain exceptions.

Borrowings under the New Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, either a LIBOR rate (subject to a 0.00% floor) or a base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin of, initially (i) in the case of LIBOR rate, 1.250% or (ii) in the case of base rate loans, 0.250%. The applicable margin for (i) base rate loans ranges from 0.000% to 1.000% per annum and (ii) for LIBOR loans ranges from 1.000% to 2.000% per annum, in each case, based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the New Facility). The interest rate at December 25, 2021 was LIBOR plus 125 basis points (1.35%). The commitment fee is initially equal to 0.150% and thereafter ranges from 0.125% to 0.250% based on the Total Net Leverage Ratio.

The New Facility contains affirmative and negative covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants regarding capital expenditures, share repurchases, and financial covenants related to the ratio of consolidated interest expense to consolidated EBITDA and the ratio of total net indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA, each as defined by the New Facility.

As of December 25, 2021, we were not in default with respect to the credit agreement. As of December 25, 2021, there was $239.4 million in outstanding borrowings under the New Facility and two outstanding letters of credit for $0.8 million in the aggregate which were issued to secure ordinary course of business transactions. Net of outstanding borrowings and letters of credit, we had $359.8 million available under the New Facility at December 25, 2021.

Cash Flows

Below is a table setting forth the key lines of our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

 During fiscal 2021, cash provided by operating activities was $100.3 million compared to $152.0 million during fiscal 2020. The $51.7 million decrease was driven by higher inventory purchases in the

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current year to maintain customer fill rates and meet continued strong demand, partially offset by higher proceeds from accounts receivable due to higher sales of accounts receivable during the year.

Investing activities used $365.3 million and $30.3 million of cash in fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Financing activities provided cash of $168.2 million in fiscal 2021 and used cash of $34.5 million in fiscal 2020.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Off-balance sheet arrangements are transactions, agreements, or other contractual arrangements with an unconsolidated entity for which we have an obligation to the entity that is not recorded in our consolidated financial statements. We historically have not utilized off-balance sheet financial instruments, and currently do not plan to utilize off-balance sheet arrangements in the future to fund our working capital requirements, operations or growth plans.

We may issue stand-by letters of credit under our credit agreement. Letters of credit totaling $0.8 million were outstanding at both December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020. Those letters of credit are issued primarily to satisfy the requirements of workers compensation, general liability and other insurance policies. Each of the outstanding letters of credit has a one-year term from the date of issuance.

We do not have any off-balance sheet financing that has, or is reasonably likely to have, a material, current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues, expenses, cash flows, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

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Related-Party Transactions

We have two non-cancelable operating leases for operating facilities from companies in which Steven L. Berman, our Executive Chairman, and his family members are owners. Total annual rental payments each year to those companies under the lease arrangements were $2.3 million and $1.8 million in fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively.

We are a partner in a joint venture with one of our suppliers and we own a minority interest in two other suppliers. Purchases from these companies, since we acquired our investment interests were $18.9 million in fiscal 2021 and $10.7 million in fiscal 2020.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. We regularly evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, customer rebates and returns, inventories, long-lived assets and purchase accounting. Estimates and judgments are based upon historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be accurate and reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates due to different assumptions or conditions. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition and Accrued Customer Rebates and Returns. Revenue is recognized from product sales when goods are shipped, title and risk of loss and control have been transferred to the customer and collection is reasonably assured. We record estimates for cash discounts, defective and slow-moving product returns, promotional rebates, core return deposits, and other discounts in the period of the sale ("Customer Credits"). The provision for Customer Credits is recorded as a reduction from gross sales and reserves for Customer Credits are shown as an increase of accrued customer rebates and returns, which is included in current liabilities. Customer Credits are estimated based on contractual provisions, historical experience, and our assessment of current market conditions. Historically, actual Customer Credits have not differed materially from estimated amounts. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in net sales. Costs associated with shipping and handling are included in cost of goods sold.

Excess and Obsolete Inventory Reserves. We must make estimates of potential future excess and obsolete inventory costs. We provide reserves for discontinued and excess inventory based upon historical demand, forecasted usage, estimated customer requirements and product line updates. We maintain contact with our customer base to understand buying patterns, customer preferences and the life cycle of our products. Changes in customer requirements are factored into the reserves, as needed.

Purchase Accounting. The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the underlying tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair market values, with any excess recorded as goodwill. Such fair market value assessments require judgments and estimates which may change over time and may cause the final amounts to differ materially from original estimates. Any adjustments to fair value assessments are recorded to goodwill over the purchase price allocation period which cannot exceed twelve months from the date of acquisition. Refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

New and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

None noted.

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ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Our market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates. All our available credit and accounts receivable sales programs bear interest at rates tied to LIBOR or alternative discount rates. Under the terms of our credit agreement, a change in either the lender’s base rate or, LIBOR would affect the rate at which we could borrow funds thereunder. A one percentage point increase in LIBOR or base rate would have increased our interest expense on our variable rate debt under our credit agreement by approximately $1.1 million in fiscal 2021.

Under the terms of our customer sponsored programs to sell accounts receivable, a change in either LIBOR or the discount rates would affect the amount of financing costs we incur, and the amount of cash we receive upon the sales of accounts receivable under these programs. A one percentage point increase in LIBOR or the discount rates on the accounts receivable sales programs would have increased our financing costs by approximately $6.7 million, $5.1 million and $4.4 million in fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, respectively.

These estimates assume that our variable rate debt balance and the level of sales of accounts receivable remains constant for an annual period and the interest rate change occurs at the beginning of the period. The hypothetical changes and assumptions may be different from what actually occurs in the future. See ITEM 1A, “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Capital Structure and Finances” for information regarding the risks relating to our indebtedness, our accounts receivable sales agreements and LIBOR.

Historically we have not used, and currently do not intend to use, derivative financial instruments for trading or to speculate on changes in interest rates or commodity prices. We are not exposed to any significant market risks, foreign currency exchange risks, or interest rate risks from the use of derivative instruments. We did not hold any derivative instruments at December 25, 2021.

ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Our financial statement schedule that is filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K is listed in PART IV –ITEM 15, “Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.”

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
Dorman Products, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Dorman Products, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 25, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule II (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 25, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 25, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 22, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

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Accrual for customer credits for defective product returns

As disclosed in Notes 1 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company estimates customer credits for defective product returns and other items. The accrual for customer credits to be issued for defective product returns includes assumptions about the length of time between when a sale occurs and a credit is issued. The provision for customer credits is reflected in the consolidated financial statements as a reduction from gross sales and accruals for customer credits are a portion of accrued customer rebates and returns. At December 25, 2021, accrued customer rebates and returns were $188,080 thousand.

We identified the evaluation of the accrual for customer credits for defective product returns as a critical audit matter. Subjective auditor judgment was required to evaluate the Company’s determination of the impact of market conditions on the length of time between when a sale occurs and a credit is issued for defective product returns.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s process to record the accrual for customer credits for defective product returns. This included a control related to the determination of the impact of market conditions on the length of time between when a sale occurs and a credit is issued for defective product returns. We assessed the Company’s accrual for customer credits for defective product returns by evaluating (1) the historical relationship between sales and customer credits for defective product returns (2) the Company’s internal data, (3) certain external market data, and (4) a sample of executed third-party contracts. We inquired of personnel within the Company’s quality control department regarding the impact of current market conditions on the length of time between when a sale occurs and a credit is issued for defective product returns. We analyzed a sample of customer credits issued after year-end and evaluated their effect on the accrual.

Fair value of customer relationships intangible asset

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, on August 10, 2021, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interests of Dayton Parts (“Dayton”), in a business combination. The Company acquired a customer relationships intangible asset associated with the generation of future income from Dayton’s existing customers. The estimated acquisition-date fair value for the customer relationships intangible asset was approximately $124,100 thousand. The Company used a multiperiod excess earnings valuation methodology to determine the estimated fair value of the customer relationships intangible asset.

We identified the evaluation of the estimated fair value of the customer relationships intangible asset acquired in the Dayton business combination as a critical audit matter. There was a high degree of subjective auditor judgment related to certain assumptions used in the valuation model. These assumptions included the forecasted revenue growth rates, customer attrition rate, and the discount rate applied. In addition, valuation professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were also required to perform sensitivity analyses to assist us in determining the significant assumptions used to value the customer relationships intangible asset, assess certain assumptions, and evaluate evidence obtained.

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The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s acquisition-date valuation process, including controls related to the development of the above assumptions. We evaluated the amount and timing of forecasted revenue growth rates used by the Company by comparing them to publicly available information for comparable companies, industry reports, and historical results. We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in: 

• performing sensitivity analyses over the Company’s assumptions used to determine the estimated fair value of the customer relationships intangible asset to assess the impact of changes in those assumptions on the Company’s determination of fair value

• evaluating the expected customer attrition rate used in the determination of fair value, by comparing it to an independently developed attrition rate using historical sales data

• assessing the discount rate used in the determination of fair value, by comparing it to a discount rate that was independently developed using publicly available market data for comparable entities.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
February 22, 2022

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DORMAN PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DORMAN PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DORMAN PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DORMAN PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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DORMAN PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 25, 2021

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Dorman Products, Inc. ("Dorman", the "Company", “we”, “us”, or “our”) is a supplier of replacement parts and fasteners for passenger cars and light-, medium-, and heavy-duty trucks in the automotive aftermarket industry.

We operate on a 52-53-week period ending on the last Saturday of the calendar year. The fiscal years ended December 25, 2021 (“fiscal 2021”), December 26, 2020 (“fiscal 2020”) and December 28, 2019 (“fiscal 2019”) were each 52-week periods.

Principles of Consolidation. The Consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Sales of Accounts Receivable. We have entered into several customer-sponsored programs administered by unrelated financial institutions that permit us to sell certain accounts receivable at discounted rates to the financial institutions. Transactions under these programs were accounted for as sales of accounts receivable and were removed from our Consolidated Balance Sheet at the time of the sales transactions. During fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, we sold $935.8 million, $740.0 million and $676.4 million, respectively, under these programs. Selling, general and administrative expenses include financing costs associated with these accounts receivable sales programs of $11.7 million, $13.2 million and $16.7 million in fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, respectively. Financing costs are impacted both by interest rates and the timing of when accounts receivable are sold in comparison to the original due dates of those accounts receivable.

Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method. Inventories include the cost of material, freight, direct labor and overhead utilized in the processing of our products. We provide reserves for discontinued and excess inventory based upon historical demand, forecasted usage, estimated customer requirements and product line updates.

Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives, which range from 3 to 39 years, using the straight-line method for financial statement reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. The costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Renewals and betterments are capitalized. Gains and losses on disposals are included in operating results.

Estimated useful lives by major asset category are as follows:

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Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets. Long-lived assets, including property, plant, and equipment and amortizable identifiable intangibles, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. The impairment review is a two-step process. First, recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the second step of the impairment test is performed, and an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. The assets and liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and would no longer be depreciated.

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the goodwill may be impaired. For the annual test, we have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. During fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, we assessed the qualitative factors which could affect the fair values of our reporting unit and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying amount.

Purchase Accounting. The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the underlying tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair market values, with the excess recorded as goodwill. Such fair market value assessments require judgments and estimates which may change over time and may cause the final amounts to differ materially from their original estimates. These adjustments to fair value assessments are recorded to goodwill over the purchase price allocation period which cannot exceed 12 months from the date of acquisition.

Other Assets. Other assets include primarily long-term core inventory, deposits, and equity method investments.

Certain products we sell contain parts that can be recycled, or as more commonly referred to in our industry, remanufactured. We refer to these parts as cores. A used core is remanufactured and sold to the customer as a replacement for a unit inside a vehicle. Customers and end-users that purchase remanufactured products will generally return the used core to us, which we then use in the remanufacturing process to make another finished good. Our core inventory consists of used cores purchased and held in our facilities, used cores that are in the process of being returned from our customers and end-users, and remanufactured cores held in finished goods inventory at our facilities. Our products that utilize a core primarily include instrument clusters, hybrid batteries, radios, and climate control modules.

Long-term core inventory was $20.8 million and $19.6 million as of December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020, respectively. Long-term core inventory is recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined based on actual purchases of core inventory. We believe that the most appropriate classification of core inventory is a long-term asset. According to guidance provided under the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), current assets are defined as “assets or resources commonly identified as those which are reasonably expected to be realized in cash or sold or consumed during the normal operating cycle of the business.” The determination of the long-term classification is based on our view that the value of the cores is not expected to be consumed or realized in cash during our normal annual operating cycle.

We have investments that we account for according to the equity method of accounting. The total book value of these investments was $9.4 million and $8.5 million as of December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020, respectively. These investments provided us $4.6 million, $1.3 million and $3.2 million of income during fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020, and fiscal 2019, respectively. In January 2020, we

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acquired the remaining 60% of the outstanding stock of Power Train Industries, Inc. (“PTI”), a privately-held supplier of parts to the automotive aftermarket, based in Reno, Nevada of which we held equity investments with a fair value of $12.3 million. Additionally, we have an investment that we account for according to the cost method of accounting. The carrying book value of this investment was $5.0 million as of both December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020.

Other Accrued Liabilities. Other accrued liabilities include primarily accrued commissions, accrued income taxes, insurance liabilities, product warranties, and other current liabilities. We warrant our products against certain defects in material and workmanship when used as designed on the vehicle on which it was originally installed. We offer a limited lifetime warranty on most of our products. Our warranty limits the end-user’s remedy to the repair or replacement of the part that is defective. Product warranty reserves were immaterial as of December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020 and are based upon experience and forecasts using the best historical and current claim information available. Provisions and payments related to end-user product warranty reserves were not material in fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020 or fiscal 2019.

Revenue Recognition and Accrued Customer Rebates and Returns. Revenue is recognized from product sales when goods are shipped, title and risk of loss and control have been transferred to the customer and collection is reasonably assured. We record estimates for cash discounts, defective and slow-moving product returns, promotional rebates, core return deposits, and other discounts in the period of the sale ("Customer Credits"). The provision for Customer Credits is recorded as a reduction from gross sales and reserves for Customer Credits are shown as an increase of accrued customer rebates and returns, which is included in current liabilities. Customer Credits are estimated based on contractual provisions, historical experience, and our assessment of current market conditions. Actual Customer Credits have not differed materially from estimated amounts. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in net sales. Costs associated with shipping and handling are included in cost of goods sold.

As noted above, Customer Credits include core return deposits which are an estimate of the amount we believe we will refund to our customers when used cores are returned to us. The price we invoice to customers for remanufactured cores contains both the amount we charge to remanufacture the part and a deposit for the core. We charge a core deposit to encourage the customer to return the used core to us so that it can be used in our remanufacturing process. We allow our customers up to twenty-four months to return the used core to us. Core return deposits are reserved based on the expected deposits to be issued to customers based on historical returns.

Research and Development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs totaling $23.1 million, $20.7 million and $21.0 million have been recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020, and fiscal 2019, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation. At December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020, we had awards outstanding under two stock-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 12, Capital Stock. We record compensation expense for all awards granted. The value of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) issued was based on the fair value of our common stock on the grant date. For performance-based RSAs tied to growth in adjusted pre-tax income, compensation costs related to the stock is recognized over the performance period and is calculated using the closing price per share of our common stock on the grant date and an estimate of the probable outcome of the performance conditions as of the reporting date. The fair value of performance-based RSUs, for which the performance measure is total shareholder return, is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of stock options granted is determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model on the grant date.

Income Taxes. We follow the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement

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and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets or liabilities at the end of each period are determined using the enacted tax rate expected to be in effect when taxes are paid or recovered.

Unrecognized income tax benefits represent income tax positions taken on income tax returns that have not been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The Company recognizes the benefit of an income tax position only if it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that the tax position will be sustained upon tax examination, based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. Otherwise, no benefit is recognized. The tax benefits recognized are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Additionally, we accrue interest and related penalties, if applicable, on all tax exposures for which reserves have been established consistent with jurisdictional tax laws. Interest and penalties are classified as income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company does not anticipate material changes in the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits over the next year.

Concentrations of Risk. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and accounts receivable. All cash equivalents are managed within established guidelines which limit the amount that may be invested with one issuer. A significant percentage of our accounts receivable have been, and will continue to be, concentrated among a relatively small number of automotive retailers and warehouse distributors in the United States. Our four largest customers accounted for 71% and 82% of net accounts receivable as of December 25, 2021 and December 26, 2020, respectively. We continually monitor the credit terms and credit limits to these and other customers.

In fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, approximately 74% and 77%, respectively, of our products were purchased from suppliers located in a variety of foreign countries, with the largest portion coming from China.

Fair Value Disclosures. The carrying value of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and other current assets and liabilities approximate their fair value based on the short-term nature of these instruments. Additionally, the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are determined at the date of acquisition. Contingent consideration associated with an acquisition is recorded at fair value at the acquisition date and is adjusted to fair value at each reporting period.

2. Business Acquisitions and Investments

DPL Holding Corporation (“Dayton Parts”)

On August 10, 2021, we acquired 100% of the equity interests of Dayton Parts, a manufacturer of chassis and other parts designed to serve the heavy-duty vehicle sector of the aftermarket for a purchase price of $344.9 million in cash (net of $8.8 million of acquired cash), after certain customary post-acquisition purchase price adjustments.

The acquisition was funded by cash on hand as well as through the refinancing of our revolving credit facility discussed further in Note 7.

The transaction was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. We have allocated the purchase price to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values.

During the year ended December 25, 2021, we recorded measurement and period adjustments of approximately $2.1 million to decrease goodwill, $0.6 million to decrease the purchase price due to customary net working capital adjustments, $0.1 million to increase other current liabilities, and $1.6 million to decrease deferred tax liabilities. Our measurement period adjustments for Dayton Parts were complete as of December 25, 2021.

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The table below details the fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, including applicable measurement period adjustments:

The estimated valuation of the intangible assets acquired, and related amortization periods are as follows:

The fair values assigned to intangible assets were estimated by discounting expected cash flows based on the relief from royalty and multi-period excess earnings valuation methodologies. These valuation methods rely on management judgment, including expected future cash flows resulting from existing customer relationships, customer attrition rates, contributory effects of other assets utilized in the business, royalty rates and other factors.

The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to strategic and synergistic opportunities related to the Company’s and Dayton Parts’ existing automotive aftermarket businesses, the assembled workforce of Dayton Parts and other factors. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The financial results of the acquisition have been included in the consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. The net sales and net income of Dayton Parts included in the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 25, 2021 were $78.0 million and $0.0 million, respectively.

The unaudited pro forma information for the periods set forth below gives effect to the Dayton Parts acquisition as if it had occurred as of December 28, 2019, the beginning of the fiscal 2020 period.

The pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated as of that time.

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The fiscal 2021 unaudited pro forma net income set forth above was adjusted to exclude the impact of acquisition date fair value adjustments to inventory, and to also remove acquisition-related transaction costs. The 2020 unaudited pro forma net income was adjusted to include the impact of these items.

Power Train Industries, Inc.

On January 2, 2020, we acquired the remaining 60% of the outstanding stock of PTI. The total purchase price for PTI was approximately $30.7 million, which included $18.4 million paid for the remaining 60% of the outstanding stock, subject to customary purchase price adjustments, and $12.3 million which represents the fair value of the previously held 40% equity interest in PTI that was acquired by the Company in 2016. As a result of the acquisition, we recorded a gain of approximately $2.5 million in other income (expense), net during the year ended December 26, 2020 from the increase in fair value of the previously owned 40% interest in PTI. We previously accounted for our 40% interest as an equity-method investment.

The transaction was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed were recorded at fair value, with the remaining purchase price recorded as goodwill.

In connection with this acquisition, we recorded $16.7 million in goodwill, $7.3 million of identified intangibles, and $6.7 million of other assets, net, consisting of $3.5 million of cash, $2.0 million of accounts receivable, $5.6 million of inventory, and ($4.4 million) of net other assets and liabilities.

Our measurement period adjustments for PTI were complete as of December 26, 2020.

The valuation of the intangible assets acquired and related amortization periods are as follows:

The fair values of the customer relationships and trade names were estimated using an income approach based on the present value of future cash flows.

The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to strategic and synergistic opportunities related to existing automotive aftermarket businesses, the assembled workforce of PTI and other factors. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

The financial results of the acquisition have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements since the date of acquisition.

3. Inventories

Inventories were as follows:

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4. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment include the following:

Depreciation and amortization expenses associated with property, plant, and equipment were $26.3 million, $26.6 million, and $25.4 million in fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020, and fiscal 2019, respectively.

5. Leases

We determine whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. This determination generally depends on whether the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified fixed asset explicitly or implicitly for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control of an underlying asset is conveyed if we obtain the rights to direct the use of the asset and to obtain substantially all of the economic benefit from its use. We have operating leases for distribution centers, sales offices and certain warehouse and office equipment. Our operating leases have remaining lease terms of 1 to 10 years, many of which include one or more renewal options. We consider these renewal options in determining the lease term used to establish our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when it is determined that it is reasonably certain that the renewal option will be exercised. Substantially all of our equipment leases and some of our real estate leases have terms of less than one year. Some of our operating lease agreements include variable lease costs, primarily taxes, insurance, common area maintenance or increases in rental costs related to inflation.

Operating leases are included in the right-of-use lease assets, other current liabilities and long-term lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at each lease’s commencement date based on the present values of its lease payments over its respective lease term. When a borrowing rate is not explicitly available for a lease, our incremental borrowing rate is used based on information available at the lease’s commencement date to determine the present value of its lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is not commonly quoted and is derived through a combination of inputs including our credit rating and the impact of full collateralization. The incremental borrowing rate is based on our collateralized borrowing capabilities over a similar term of the lease payments. We utilized the consolidated group borrowing rate for all leases as we operate a centralized treasury operation. Operating lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We had no material finance leases as of December 25, 2021 or December 26, 2020.

Practical Expedients and Accounting Policy Elections

We have made certain accounting policy elections and are using certain practical expedients permitted under GAAP, as follows: