UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-39898

Driven Brands Holdings Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

47-3595252
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

440 South Church Street, Suite 700
Charlotte, North Carolina
(Address of principal executive offices)

28202
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (704) 377-8855

Title of each class
Common Stock, $0.01 par value

Trading Symbol
DRVN

Name of each exchange on which registered
The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☐
Small reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 6, 2023, the Registrant had 163,959,225 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

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Driven Brands Holdings Inc.

Table of Contents

			Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)			3
Consolidated Statements of Operations			3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)			4
Consolidated Balance Sheets			5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’/Members' Equity			6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			8
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements			10
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			22
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			46
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			47
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			48
Item 1A. Risk Factors			48
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			48
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			48
Item 5. Other Information			48
Item 6. Exhibits			49
Signatures			50

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Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and, in each case, their negative or other various or comparable terminology. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected costs, prospects, trends, plans, objectives of management, impact of accounting standards and guidance, impairments, and expected market growth are forward-looking statements. In particular, forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements relating to: (i) our strategy, outlook, and growth prospects; (ii) our operational and financial targets and dividend policy; (iii) general economic trends and trends in the industry and markets; (iv) the risks and costs associated with the integration of, and or ability to integrate, our stores and business units successfully to achieve anticipated synergies; (v) the proper application of generally accepted accounting principles, which are highly complex and involve many subjective assumptions, estimates, and judgments; and (vi) the competitive environment in which we operate. Forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts, but instead represent our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks. These risks include, but are not limited to, the risk factors that are described under the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 as well as in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which are available on its website at www.sec.gov. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date on which they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or review publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

2

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Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

DRIVEN BRANDS HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

			Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Revenue:
Franchise royalties and fees			$	47,362					$	45,562					$	140,682					$	128,300
Company-operated store sales			389,041						341,211						1,159,685						957,487
Independently-operated store sales			43,582						40,469						157,647						158,500
Advertising contributions			27,121						22,018						73,547						63,807
Supply and other revenue			73,928						67,334						218,791						185,447
Total revenue			581,034						516,594						1,750,352						1,493,541
Operating Expenses:
Company-operated store expenses			262,282						209,562						762,731						580,368
Independently-operated store expenses			25,773						23,254						87,095						85,396
Advertising expenses			27,121						22,018						73,547						63,807
Supply and other expenses			38,816						41,042						118,188						109,616
Selling, general, and administrative expenses			123,012						82,460						332,155						272,657
Acquisition related costs			1,667						2,325						7,264						9,981
Store opening costs			1,372						753						3,774						1,925
Depreciation and amortization			45,639						36,518						129,256						107,628
Goodwill impairment			850,970						—						850,970						—
Trade name impairment			—						—						—						125,450
Asset impairment charges and lease terminations			111,239						2,894						117,450						2,910
Total operating expenses			1,487,891						420,826						2,482,430						1,359,738
Operating (loss) income			(906,857)						95,768						(732,078)						133,803
Other expenses, net:
Interest expense, net			41,292						27,323						120,304						78,946
Loss on foreign currency transactions			2,980						15,582						3						30,490
Other expense, net			44,272						42,905						120,307						109,436
(Loss) income before taxes			(951,129)						52,863						(852,385)						24,367
Income tax (benefit) expense			(151,818)						14,472						(120,572)						8,592
Net (loss) income			(799,311)						38,391						(731,813)						15,775
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest			—						—						—						(15)
Net (loss) income attributable to Driven Brands Holdings Inc.			$	(799,311)					$	38,391					$	(731,813)					$	15,790
(Loss) earnings per share:
Basic			$	(4.82)					$	0.23					$	(4.40)					$	0.10
Diluted			$	(4.83)					$	0.23					$	(4.41)					$	0.09
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic			162,398						162,760						162,698						162,768
Diluted			162,398						166,831						162,698						166,663

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

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DRIVEN BRANDS HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Unaudited)

									Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)															September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Net (loss) income															$	(799,311)					$	38,391					$	(731,813)					$	15,775
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments															(26,043)						(71,063)						(8,527)						(118,751)
Unrealized (loss) gain from cash flow hedges, net of tax expense (benefit) of $21, $12, $0, and ($14), respectively															(281)						8,606						(259)						8,513
Actuarial (loss) gain of defined pension plan, net of tax expense of $0,															(27)						5						(15)						12
Other comprehensive loss, net															(26,351)						(62,452)						(8,801)						(110,226)
Total comprehensive loss															(825,662)						(24,061)						(740,614)						(94,451)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests															(13)						(15)						—						(36)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Driven Brands Holdings Inc.															$	(825,649)					$	(24,046)					$	(740,614)					$	(94,415)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

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DRIVEN BRANDS HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)			September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	211,280					$	227,110
Restricted cash			657						792
Accounts and notes receivable, net			165,573						179,888
Inventory			83,423						72,040
Prepaid and other assets			42,208						40,084
Income tax receivable			19,641						15,075
Assets held for sale			271,006						—
Advertising fund assets, restricted			63,983						36,421
Total current assets			857,771						571,410
Other assets			42,273						30,561
Property and equipment, net			1,408,970						1,545,738
Operating lease right-of-use assets			1,394,384						1,299,189
Deferred commissions			6,072						7,121
Intangibles, net			741,732						765,903
Goodwill			1,433,775						2,277,065
Deferred tax assets			2,817						2,911
Total assets			$	5,887,794					$	6,499,898
Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable			$	90,440					$	60,606
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			256,347						317,318
Income tax payable			3,546						4,454
Current portion of long-term debt			31,869						32,986
Income tax receivable liability			54,791						53,328
Advertising fund liabilities			38,341						36,726
Total current liabilities			475,334						505,418
Long-term debt			2,877,059						2,705,281
Deferred tax liabilities			141,965						276,749
Operating lease liabilities			1,334,539						1,177,501
Income tax receivable liability			117,915						117,915
Deferred revenue			30,525						30,046
Long-term accrued expenses and other liabilities			29,530						33,419
Total liabilities			5,006,867						4,846,329
Commitments and contingencies
Preferred Stock $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding			—						—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 900,000,000 shares authorized: and 163,959,225 and 167,404,047 shares outstanding; respectively			1,639						1,674
Additional paid-in capital			1,646,831						1,628,904
Retained (deficit) earnings			(696,938)						84,795
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(71,236)						(62,435)
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to Driven Brands Holdings Inc.			880,296						1,652,938
Non-controlling interests			631						631
Total shareholders' equity			880,927						1,653,569
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity			$	5,887,794					$	6,499,898

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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DRIVEN BRANDS HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

			Three Months Ended
			September 30, 2023												September 24, 2022
(in thousands, except share amounts)			Shares						Amount						Shares						Amount
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share			—						$	—					—						$	—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share
Balance at beginning of period			167,366,561						$	1,674					167,444,108						$	1,674
Stock issued relating to Employee Stock Purchase Plan			56,188						1						31,783						—
Shares issued for exercise/vesting of share-based compensation awards			169,784						1						15,588						—
Shares repurchased			(3,601,694)						(36)						—						—
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards			(31,614)						(1)						(87,432)						—
Balance at end of period			163,959,225						$	1,639					167,404,047						$	1,674
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period									$	1,637,945											$	1,614,927
Equity-based compensation expense									2,681												5,308
Exercise of stock options									4,737												245
Stock issued relating to Employee Stock Purchase Plan									1,468												—
Balance at end of period									$	1,646,831											$	1,620,480
Retained (deficit) earnings
Balance at beginning of period									$	152,293											$	19,006
Shares repurchased									(49,920)												—
Net (loss) income									(799,311)												38,391
Balance at end of period									$	(696,938)											$	57,397
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at beginning of period									$	(44,898)											$	(52,796)
Other comprehensive loss									(26,338)												(62,437)
Balance at end of period									$	(71,236)											$	(115,233)
Non-controlling interests
Balance at beginning of period									$	644											$	646
Other comprehensive (loss)									(13)												(15)
Balance at end of period									$	631											$	631
Total shareholders’ equity									$	880,927											$	1,564,949

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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DRIVEN BRANDS HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’/MEMBERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

			Nine Months Ended
			September 30, 2023												September 24, 2022
(in thousands, except share amounts)			Shares						Amount						Shares						Amount
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share			—						$	—					—						$	—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share
Balance at beginning of period			167,404,047						$	1,674					167,380,450						$	1,674
Stock issued relating to Employee Stock Purchase Plan			82,546						1						143,707						1
Shares issued for exercise/vesting of share-based compensation awards			348,087						3						35,788						—
Share repurchases			(3,601,694)						(36)						—						—
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards			(273,761)						(3)						(155,898)						(1)
Balance at end of period			163,959,225						$	1,639					167,404,047						$	1,674
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period									$	1,628,904											$	1,605,890
Equity-based compensation expense									9,730												12,159
Exercise of stock options									6,117												2,431
Stock issued relating to Employee Stock Purchase Plan									2,080												—
Balance at end of period									$	1,646,831											$	1,620,480
Retained (deficit) earnings
Balance at beginning of period									$	84,795											$	41,607
Share repurchases									(49,920)												—
Net (loss) income									(731,813)												15,790
Balance at end of period									$	(696,938)											$	57,397
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at beginning of period									$	(62,435)											$	(5,028)
Other comprehensive loss									(8,801)												(110,205)
Balance at end of period									$	(71,236)											$	(115,233)
Non-controlling interests
Balance at beginning of period									$	631											$	1,099
Net loss									—												(15)
Other comprehensive loss									—												(21)
Divestiture of Denmark car wash operations									—												(432)
Balance at end of period									$	631											$	631
Total shareholders’ equity									$	880,927											$	1,564,949

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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DRIVEN BRANDS HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

			Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Net (loss) income			$	(731,813)					$	15,775
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			129,256						107,628
Goodwill impairment			850,970						—
Trade name impairment			—						125,450
Equity-based compensation expense			9,730						12,159
Loss on foreign denominated transactions			3,706						30,490
Gain on foreign currency derivatives			(3,704)						(2,981)
Loss (gain) on sale and disposal of businesses, fixed assets, and sale-leaseback transactions			1,730						(12,183)
Reclassification of interest rate hedge to income			(1,358)						—
Bad debt expense			1,244						1,011
Asset impairment costs			117,450						2,910
Amortization of deferred financing costs and bond discounts			6,287						6,807
Benefit for deferred income taxes			(134,266)						(38,216)
Other, net			24,432						15,620
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts and notes receivable, net			2,464						(40,296)
Inventory			(12,531)						(17,898)
Prepaid and other assets			(3,909)						850
Advertising fund assets and liabilities, restricted			(10,923)						(4,612)
Other Assets			(29,210)						(3,767)
Deferred commissions			658						917
Deferred revenue			1,961						2,222
Accounts payable			24,913						(12,321)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			(29,442)						(59,844)
Income tax receivable			(5,612)						37,931
Cash provided by operating activities			212,033						167,652
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures			(482,633)						(276,222)
Cash used in business acquisitions, net of cash acquired			(53,641)						(652,085)
Proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions			172,230						150,112
Proceeds from sale or disposal of businesses and fixed assets			2,837						6,427
Cash used in investing activities			(361,207)						(771,768)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of long-term debt			(20,969)						(15,772)
Proceeds from revolving lines of credit and short-term debt			335,000						300,000
Repayments of revolving lines of credit and short-term debt			(120,000)						—
Repayment of principal portion of finance lease liability			(2,020)						(2,229)
Share repurchases			(49,956)						—
Stock option exercises			6,117						651
Other, net			(322)						(70)
Cash provided by financing activities			147,850						282,580

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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash			365						(7,705)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and cash included in advertising fund assets, restricted			(959)						(329,241)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period			227,110						523,414
Cash included in advertising fund assets, restricted, beginning of period			32,871						38,586
Restricted cash, beginning of period			792						792
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and cash included in advertising fund assets, restricted, beginning of period			260,773						562,792
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period			211,280						190,373
Cash included in advertising fund assets, restricted, end of period			47,877						42,386
Restricted cash, end of period			657						792
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and cash included in advertising fund assets, restricted, end of period			$	259,814					$	233,551

Supplemental cash flow disclosures - non-cash items:
Capital expenditures included in accrued expenses and other liabilities			$	24,855					$	8,539
Deferred consideration included in accrued expenses and other liabilities			9,275						32,179
Supplemental cash flow disclosures - cash paid for:
Interest			$	120,261					$	78,572
Income taxes			18,586						9,184

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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DRIVEN BRANDS HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

Note 1—Description of Business

Description of Business

Driven Brands Holdings Inc. together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation and is the parent holding company of Driven Brands, Inc. and Shine Holdco (UK) Limited (collectively, “Driven Brands”). Driven Brands is the largest automotive services company in North America with a growing and highly-franchised base of approximately 5,000 franchised, independently-operated, and company-operated locations across 49 U.S. states and 13 other countries. The Company has a portfolio of highly recognized brands, including Take 5 Oil Change®, Take 5 Car Wash®, Meineke Car Care Centers®, MAACO®, CARSTAR®, Auto Glass Now®, and 1-800-Radiator & A/C® that compete in the automotive services industry. Approximately 74% of the Company’s locations are franchised or independently-operated.

Tax Receivable Agreement

The Company expects to be able to utilize certain tax benefits which are related to periods prior to the effective date of the Company’s IPO and are attributed to current and former shareholders. The Company previously entered into a tax receivable agreement which provides our pre-IPO shareholders with the right to receive payment of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. and Canadian federal, state, local, and provincial income tax that the Company will actually realize. The tax receivable agreement was effective as of the date of the Company’s IPO. The Company recorded a current tax receivable liability of $55 million and $53 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and a non-current tax receivable liability of $118 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, on the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 2— Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Fiscal Year

The Company operates and reports financial information on a 52- or 53-week year with the fiscal year ending on the last Saturday in December and fiscal quarters ending on the 13th Saturday of each quarter (or 14th Saturday when applicable with respect to the fourth fiscal quarter). The three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022, each consisted of 13 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively. The Car Wash segment is currently consolidated based on a calendar month end.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim financial data includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations, balance sheet, cash flows, and shareholders’/members’ equity for the interim periods presented. The adjustments include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the unaudited financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 may not be indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or the year ending December 30, 2023.

During the third quarter ending September 30, 2023, the Company began depreciating construction in progress relating to stores opened and placed into service during the fourth quarter of 2022 and the first half of 2023. The Company recorded an additional $4 million of depreciation expense for these assets in the three months ended September 30, 2023, of which less than $2 million related to each of the three months ended April 1, 2023 and July 1, 2023, respectively, and less than $1 million related to the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company evaluated the impact of the error and out-of-period adjustment and concluded it was not material to any previously issued interim or annual consolidated financial statements and the adjustment is not expected to be material to the year ending December 30, 2023.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

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Use of Estimates    

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements. Significant items that are subject to estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, valuation of intangible assets and goodwill; income taxes; allowances for credit losses; valuation of derivatives; self-insurance claims; and stock-based compensation. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis and may employ outside experts to assist in its evaluations. Changes in such estimates, based on historical experience, current conditions, and various other additional information, may affect amounts reported in future periods. Actual results could differ due to uncertainty inherent in the natures of these estimates.

Shares Repurchased

We record shares repurchased on their trade date and reduce shareholders’ equity and increase accounts payable. Shares repurchased are retired, and the excess of repurchase price over the par value of the shares is charged to retained earnings.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are categorized, based on the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to the quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. Observable market data, when available, is required to be used in making fair value measurements. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company classifies and discloses assets and liabilities carried at fair value in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date;

Level 2: Inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; or

Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:

Items Measured at Fair Value at September 30, 2023
(in thousands)			Level 1						Level 2						Total
Mutual fund investments held in rabbi trust			$	—					$	—					$	—
Derivative assets, recorded in prepaid and other assets			—						215						215
Derivative assets, recorded in other assets			—						2,804						2,804
Derivative liabilities, recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities			—						260						260

Items Measured at Fair Value at December 31, 2022
(in thousands)			Level 1						Level 2						Total
Mutual fund investments held in rabbi trust			$	758					$	—					$	758
Derivative assets, recorded in prepaid and other assets			—						158						158
Derivative assets, recorded in other assets			—						2,148						2,148
Derivative liabilities, recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities			—						5,005						5,005

The fair value of the Company’s foreign currency derivative instruments is derived from valuation models, which use Level 2 observable inputs such as quoted market prices, interest rates, and forward yield curves.

The carrying value and estimated fair value of total long-term debt were as follows:

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			September 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
(in thousands)			Carrying value						Estimated fair value						Carrying value						Estimated fair value
Long-term debt			$	2,945,675					$	2,691,397					$	2,784,175					$	2,477,456

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In response to the concerns about structural risks of interbank offered rates and, particularly, the risk of cessation of LIBOR, regulators in several jurisdictions around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction based and less susceptible to manipulation. The ASU provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. This guidance is effective immediately and the amendments may be applied prospectively through December 31, 2024. On June 2, 2023, the Company entered into a loan amendment to transition our LIBOR-based loans to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). The amendment went into effect on July 1, 2023 and did not have a material impact on the loans affected.

Note 3—Acquisitions and Dispositions

The Company strategically acquires companies and assets to increase its footprint and offer products and services that diversify its existing offerings, primarily through asset purchase agreements. These acquisitions are accounted for as business combinations using the acquisition method, whereby the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on their fair values as of the date of the acquisition with the remaining amount recorded in goodwill.

2023 Acquisitions

The Company completed five acquisitions in the Maintenance segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, representing five sites. The aggregate cash consideration for these acquisitions, net of cash acquired and liabilities assumed, was approximately $8 million.

The Company completed three acquisitions in the Car Wash segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, representing four sites. The aggregate cash consideration for these acquisitions, net of cash acquired and liabilities assumed, was approximately $15 million.

The Company completed two acquisitions in the Paint, Collision & Glass segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, representing two sites. The aggregate cash consideration for these acquisitions, net of cash acquired and liabilities assumed, was approximately $6 million.

The Company estimated the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities as of the date of acquisition based on information currently available. As the Company finalizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, additional purchase price adjustments may be recorded during the measurement period. The provisional amounts for assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the 2023 acquisitions are as follows:

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Maintenance Segment

(in thousands)									Maintenance
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets									$	2,678
Property and equipment, net									3,805
Goodwill									3,759
Deferred tax asset									10
Assets acquired									10,252
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities									179
Operating lease liabilities									2,476
Total liabilities assumed									2,655
Cash consideration, net of cash acquired									7,206
Deferred consideration									390
Total consideration, net of cash acquired									$	7,596

Car Wash Segment

(in thousands)									Car Wash
Assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets									$	1,249
Property and equipment, net									11,181
Goodwill									4,125
Assets acquired									16,555
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities									11
Deferred tax liability									6
Operating lease liabilities									1,220
Total liabilities assumed									1,237
Cash consideration, net of cash acquired									15,293
Deferred consideration									25
Total consideration, net of cash acquired									$	15,318

Paint, Collision & Glass Segment

(in thousands)									Paint, Collision & Glass
Assets:
Inventory									$	35
Property and equipment, net									667
Goodwill									4,889
Deferred tax asset									51
Assets acquired									5,642
Cash consideration, net of cash acquired									4,947
Deferred consideration									695
Total consideration, net of cash acquired									$	5,642

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired and includes the expected benefit of synergies within the existing segments and intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. Goodwill,

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which was allocated to the Car Wash, Maintenance, and Paint, Collision & Glass segments, is substantially all deductible for income tax purposes.

Deferred Consideration and Transaction Costs

Deferred consideration is typically paid six months to one-year after the acquisition closing date once all conditions under the purchase agreement have been satisfied.

			Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Deferred consideration at beginning of period			$	35,007					$	16,000
Change in accrual			1,600						31,470
Payments			(27,332)						(15,291)
Deferred consideration at end of period			$	9,275					$	32,179

The Company incurred less than $1 million and approximately $1 million of transaction costs during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022, respectively. The Company incurred less than $1 million and approximately $4 million of transaction costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022, respectively.

2022 Disposition

On March 16, 2022, the Company disposed of its 75% owned subsidiary, IMO Denmark ApS, for consideration of $2 million. As a result of the sale, a $1 million loss was recognized within selling, general, and administrative expenses during the nine months ended September 24, 2022. Also, a noncontrolling interest of less than $1 million was derecognized. The Company allocated less than $1 million of goodwill as part of the sale.

Note 4— Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company records contract assets for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if it expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year and if such costs are material. Commission expenses, a primary cost associated with the sale of franchise licenses, are amortized to selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations ratably over the life of the associated franchise agreement.

Capitalized costs to obtain a contract as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $6 million and $7 million, respectively, and are presented within deferred commissions on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognized less than $1 million of costs during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022, respectively, that were recorded as a contract asset at the beginning of the periods. The Company recognized $1 million and less than $1 million of costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022, respectively, that were recorded as a contract asset at the beginning of the periods.

Contract liabilities consist primarily of deferred franchise fees and deferred development fees. The Company had contract liabilities of $31 million and $29 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which are presented within deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognized $1 million and less than $1 million of revenue relating to contract liabilities during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized $4 million and $3 million of revenue relating to contract liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022, respectively.

Note 5—Segment Information

The Company’s worldwide operations are comprised of the following reportable segments: Maintenance, Car Wash, Paint, Collision & Glass, and Platform Services.

In addition to the reportable segments, the Company’s consolidated financial results include “Corporate and Other” activity. Corporate and Other incurs costs related to advertising fund revenues and expenses and shared service costs, which are related to finance, information technology, human resources, legal, supply chain, and other support services. Corporate and Other activity includes the adjustments necessary to eliminate intercompany transactions, namely sales by the Platform Services segment to the Paint, Collision & Glass and Maintenance segments.

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Segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022 are as follows:

			Three months ended September 30, 2023
(in thousands)			Maintenance						Car Wash						Paint, Collision & Glass						Platform Services						Corporate and Other						Total
Franchise royalties and fees			$	14,566					$	—					$	23,799					$	8,997					$	—					$	47,362
Company-operated store sales			204,460						98,132						85,207						1,242						—						389,041
Independently-operated store sales			—						43,582						—						—						—						43,582
Advertising fund contributions			—						—						—						—						27,121						27,121
Supply and other revenue			25,333						1,099						20,408						45,695						(18,607)						73,928
Total revenue			$	244,359					$	142,813					$	129,414					$	55,934					$	8,514					$	581,034
Segment Adjusted EBITDA			$	86,493					$	24,429					$	32,763					$	22,417					$	(37,487)					$	128,615

			Three months ended September 24, 2022
(in thousands)			Maintenance						Car Wash						Paint, Collision & Glass						Platform Services						Corporate and Other						Total
Franchise royalties and fees			$	11,625					$	—					$	24,055					$	9,882					$	—					$	45,562
Company-operated store sales			172,162						98,235						69,383						1,431						—						341,211
Independently-operated store sales			—						40,469						—						—						—						40,469
Advertising fund contributions			—						—						—						—						22,018						22,018
Supply and other revenue			17,035						1,599						19,782						40,686						(11,768)						67,334
Total revenue			$	200,822					$	140,303					$	113,220					$	51,999					$	10,250					$	516,594
Segment Adjusted EBITDA			$	68,763					$	39,098					$	38,919					$	19,765					$	(36,437)					$	130,108

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			Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(in thousands)			Maintenance						Car Wash						Paint, Collision & Glass						Platform Services						Corporate and Other						Total
Franchise royalties and fees			$	41,224					$	—					$	74,627					$	24,831					$	—					$	140,682
Company-operated store sales			605,393						302,193						248,796						3,303						—						1,159,685
Independently-operated store sales			—						157,647						—						—						—						157,647
Advertising fund contributions			—						—						—						—						73,547						73,547
Supply and other revenue			67,737						4,708						59,952						137,171						(50,777)						218,791
Total revenue			$	714,354					$	464,548					$	383,375					$	165,305					$	22,770					$	1,750,352
Segment Adjusted EBITDA			$	245,232					$	112,001					$	109,724					$	61,984					$	(119,088)					$	409,853

			Nine months ended September 24, 2022
(in thousands)			Maintenance						Car Wash						Paint, Collision & Glass						Platform Services						Corporate and Other						Total
Franchise royalties and fees			$	32,586					$	—					$	69,025					$	26,689					$	—					$	128,300
Company-operated store sales			497,638						294,526						161,348						3,975						—						957,487
Independently-operated store sales			—						158,500						—						—						—						158,500
Advertising fund contributions			—						—						—						—						63,807						63,807
Supply and other revenue			43,645						5,131						57,577						117,704						(38,610)						185,447
Total revenue			$	573,869					$	458,157					$	287,950					$	148,368					$	25,197					$	1,493,541
Segment Adjusted EBITDA			$	185,324					$	148,495					$	100,847					$	54,471					$	(103,922)					$	385,215

The reconciliations of Income before taxes to Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022 are as follows:

			Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
(Loss) income before taxes			$	(951,129)					$	52,863					$	(852,385)					$	24,367
Depreciation and amortization			45,639						36,518						129,256						107,628
Interest expense, net			41,292						27,323						120,304						78,946
Acquisition related costs(a)			1,667						2,325						7,264						9,981
Non-core items and project costs, net(b)			1,486						851						6,113						3,436
Store opening costs			1,372						753						3,774						1,925
Straight-line rent adjustment(c)			5,193						3,220						14,196						11,530
Cloud computing amortization(d)			991						—						991						—
Equity-based compensation expense(e)			2,681						5,308						9,730						12,159
Foreign currency transaction loss, net(f)			2,980						15,582						3						30,490
Bad debt expense(g)			—						(449)						—						(449)
Goodwill impairment(h)			850,970						—						850,970						—
Trade name impairment(i)			—						—						—						125,450
Asset sale leaseback (gain) loss, impairment and closed store expenses(j)			125,473						(14,186)						119,637						(20,248)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA			$	128,615					$	130,108					$	409,853					$	385,215

(a)     Consists of acquisition costs as reflected within the unaudited consolidated statements of operations, including legal, consulting and other fees, and expenses incurred in connection with acquisitions completed during the applicable period, as well as inventory rationalization expenses incurred in connection with acquisitions. We expect to incur similar costs in

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connection with other acquisitions in the future and, under U.S. GAAP, such costs relating to acquisitions are expensed as incurred.

(b)     Consists of discrete items and project costs, including third party consulting and professional fees associated with strategic transformation initiatives as well as non-recurring payroll-related costs.

(c)     Consists of the non-cash portion of rent expense, which reflects the extent to which our straight-line rent expense recognized under U.S. GAAP exceeds or is less than our cash rent payments.

(d) Includes non-cash amortization expenses relating cloud computing arrangements.

(e)     Represents non-cash equity-based compensation expense.

(f)    Represents foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net that primarily related to the remeasurement of our intercompany loans, which are partially offset by unrealized gains and losses on remeasurement of cross currency swaps and forward contracts.

(g)    Represents the recovery of previously uncollectible receivables outside of normal operations.

(h) Relates to a goodwill impairment within the Car Wash segment. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(i)     Certain indefinite lived Car Wash trade names were impaired as the Company elected to discontinue their use. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(j)     Relates to (gains) losses, net on sale leasebacks, impairment of certain fixed assets and operating lease right-of-use assets related to closed and underperforming locations, assets held for sale, and lease exit costs and other costs associated with stores that were closed prior to the respective lease termination dates. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

Note 6 — Asset Impairment Charges

2023 Goodwill and Asset Impairment Charges

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, management performed a strategic review of the U.S. car wash operations, which included, but was not limited to, an evaluation of the following: store performance, the competitive landscape, revenue and expense optimization opportunities, and capital requirements. As a result of this strategic review, management approved the closure of 29 stores, halted the opening of new company-operated stores, and began marketing property and equipment for sale that will not be utilized by the Company. These actions resulted in impairment charges of $111 million relating to property and equipment, including assets held for sale, and right-of-use assets during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and the transfer of $271 million of assets from property and equipment to assets held for sale on the unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023. Management expects the sale of these assets to occur over the next twelve months.

As a result of the evaluation performed above, as well as other qualitative and quantitative factors, including a decline in the stock price during the third quarter of 2023, management determined a triggering event had occurred requiring a step one quantitative analysis of the Company’s goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets. Based on the results of our interim impairment analysis, we concluded the carrying value of the U.S. Car Wash reporting unit exceeded its fair value, and we recorded a full goodwill impairment charge of $851 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023. The fair value of the remaining reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts, indicating no goodwill impairment. The fair values of each reporting unit were determined using a combination of the income approach and market approach valuation methodologies.

The Company will continue to monitor the other reporting units. Reporting units that do not perform in accordance with expectations could result in impairment charges to other reporting units in future periods, including International Car Wash and Maintenance-Repair, primarily comprised of the Meineke brand.

2022 Trade name Impairment Charges

The Company has acquired a number of car wash businesses since 2020. As part of those acquisitions, the Company determined a fair value for each of the associated intangible assets including trade names and customer relationships. During the quarter ended June 25 2022, the Company made the strategic decision to rebrand the majority of its U.S. car wash locations to operate under the name “Take 5 Car Wash”, and therefore discontinued the use of certain car wash trade names that were previously determined to have indefinite lives. Using a projected discounted cash flow analysis based on the relief from royalty method, the fair value of the trade names was determined to be $6 million while their carrying value was $132 million. As a result, the Company recognized a $126 million impairment charge during the nine months ended September 24, 2022, which is reported as trade name impairment charge in the unaudited consolidated statement of operations. The transition will take approximately two and a half years to complete from the date of impairment, and therefore the remaining carrying value is being amortized over 30 months from the date of impairment.

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Note 7 — Long-Term Debt

The Company’s long-term debt obligations consist of the following:

(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Series 2018-1 Securitization Senior Notes, Class A-2			$	259,875					$	261,938
Series 2019-1 Securitization Senior Notes, Class A-2			285,750						288,000
Series 2019-2 Securitization Senior Notes, Class A-2			264,000						266,063
Series 2020-1 Securitization Senior Notes, Class A-2			169,313						170,625
Series 2020-2 Securitization Senior Notes, Class A-2			437,625						441,000
Series 2021-1 Securitization Senior Notes, Class A-2			441,000						444,375
Series 2022-1 Securitization Senior Notes, Class A-2			361,350						364,088
Term Loan Facility			492,500						496,250
Revolving Credit Facility			215,000						—
Other debt (a)			19,262						51,836
Total debt			2,945,675						2,784,175
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs			(36,747)						(45,908)
Less: current portion of long-term debt			(31,869)						(32,986)
Total long-term debt, net			$	2,877,059					$	2,705,281

(a) Consists primarily of finance lease obligations.

Series 2019-3 Variable Funding Securitization Senior Notes

In December 2019, Driven Brands Funding, LLC (the “Issuer”) issued Series 2019-3 Variable Funding Senior Notes, Class A-1 (the “2019 VFN”) in the revolving amount of $115 million. The 2019 VFN have a final legal maturity date in January 2050. The commitment under the 2019 VFN were set to expire in July 2022, with the option of three one-year extensions. In July 2023, the Company exercised the first of three one-year extension options. The 2019 VFN are secured by substantially all assets of the Issuer and are guaranteed by the Securitization Entities. As of July 1, 2023, borrowings will incur interest at the Base Rate plus an applicable margin or Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus an applicable term adjustment. No amounts were outstanding under the 2019 VFN as of September 30, 2023 and no borrowings or repayments were made during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, there were $25 million of outstanding letters of credit which reduced the borrowing availability under the 2019 VFN.

Driven Holdings Revolving Credit Facility

In May 2021, Driven Holdings, LLC, (“the Borrower”) a Delaware limited liability company and indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Driven Brands Holdings Inc., entered into a credit agreement to secure a revolving line of credit with a group of financial institutions (“Revolving Credit Facility”), which provides for an aggregate amount of up to $300 million, and has a maturity date in May 2026 (“Credit Agreement”). On June 2, 2023, the Credit Agreement was amended pursuant to which as of July 1, 2023, borrowings will incur interest at the Base Rate plus an applicable margin or SOFR plus an applicable term adjustment. The Revolving Credit Facility also includes periodic commitment fees based on the available unused balance and a quarterly administrative fee.

There was $215 million outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023 with $335 million of borrowings and $120 million of repayments made during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The Company’s debt agreements are subject to certain quantitative and qualitative covenants. As of September 30, 2023, the Company and its subsidiaries were in compliance with such covenants.

Note 8 — Leases

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold ten maintenance and 38 car wash properties in various locations throughout the United States for a total of $171 million, resulting in a net gain of $25 million. Concurrent with the closing of these sales, the Company entered into various operating lease agreements pursuant to which the Company leased back the properties. These lease agreements have initial terms of 16 to 20 years. The Company does not include option periods in its determination of the lease term unless renewals are deemed reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company recorded an

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operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability of $132 million and $132 million, respectively, related to these lease arrangements as of September 30, 2023.

During the nine months ended September 24, 2022, the Company sold seven maintenance and 30 car wash properties in various locations throughout the United States for a total of $156 million, resulting in a net gain of $18 million. Concurrent with the closing of these sales, the Company entered into various operating lease agreements pursuant to which the Company leased back the properties. These lease agreements have initial terms of 15 years to 20 years. The Company does not include option periods in its determination of the lease term unless renewals are deemed reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company recorded an operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability of $121 million and $121 million, respectively, related to these lease arrangements as of September 24, 2022.

The Company impaired $62 million of right-of-use assets relating to 28 leased stores that were approved for closure or underperforming during the three months ending September 30, 2023. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s lease arrangements for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022, respectively, was as follows:

			Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used in operating leases			$	108,232					$	86,423
Operating cash flows used in finance leases			866						1,214
Financing cash flows used in finance leases			1,056						1,185

Note 9 — Shareholders’ Equity

In August 2023, the Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50 million of the Company’s common stock (the “Share Repurchase Program”). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 3,601,694 shares of its common stock for approximately $50 million, at an average price per share of $13.87. All repurchases were made in open market transactions. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has completed the purchase of all shares under the Share Repurchase Program.

Note 10 — Equity-based Compensation

The Company granted new awards during the three months ended September 30, 2023, consisting of 8,142 restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The Company granted new awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisting of 388,878 RSUs and 647,359 performance stock units (“PSUs”).

Awards are eligible to vest provided that the employee remains in continuous service on each vesting date. Generally, the RSUs vest ratably in three installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date. The PSUs vest after a three-year performance period. The number of PSUs that vest is contingent on the Company achieving certain performance goals, one being a market condition and the other being a performance condition. The number of PSU shares that vest may range from zero to 200% of the original grant, based upon the level of performance. The awards are considered probable of meeting vesting requirements, and therefore, the Company has started recognizing expense.

The fair value of the total RSUs granted during the three months ended September 30, 2023 was less than $1 million. The fair value of the total RSUs, performance based PSUs, and market based PSUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $11 million, $11 million, and $9 million, respectively. The Company based the fair value of the RSUs and performance based PSUs on the Company’s stock price on the grant date.

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The range of assumptions used for issued PSUs with a market condition valued using the Monte Carlo model were as follows:

			Nine months ended
			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Annual dividend yield			—%						—%
Expected term (years)			2.6 - 2.8						2.4 - 2.8
Risk-free interest rate			3.65% - 4.51%						2.32% - 3.05%
Expected volatility			37.9% - 38.8%						40.9% - 43.9%
Correlation to the index peer group			60.2% - 60.3%						50.7% - 59.5%

The Company recorded $3 million and $10 million of share-based compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $5 million and $12 million during the three and nine months ended September 24, 2022, respectively, within selling, general and administrative expenses on the unaudited consolidated statements of operations.

Note 11—(Loss) Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share using the two-class method. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to common shareholders:

			Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Basic (loss) earnings per share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Driven Brands Holdings Inc.			$	(799,311)					38,391						$	(731,813)					15,790
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to participating securities, basic			(16,670)						809						(15,354)						335
Net (loss) income after participating securities, basic			(782,641)						37,583						(716,459)						15,455
Weighted-average common shares outstanding			162,398						162,760						162,698						162,768
Basic (loss) earnings per share			$	(4.82)					$	0.23					$	(4.40)					$	0.10

			Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Diluted (loss) earnings per share:
Net (loss) income attributable to Driven Brands Holdings Inc.			$	(799,311)					$	38,391					$	(731,813)					$	15,790
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to participating securities, diluted			(15,051)						721						(13,753)						299
Net (loss) income after participating securities, diluted			$	(784,260)					$	37,670					$	(718,060)					$	15,491
Weighted-average common shares outstanding			162,398						162,760						162,698						162,768
Dilutive effect of share-based awards			—						4,071						—						3,895
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, as adjusted			162,398						166,831						162,698						166,663
Diluted (loss) earnings per share			$	(4.83)					$	0.23					$	(4.41)					$	0.09

Basic (loss) earnings per share is computed by dividing the net (loss) income attributable to Driven Brands Holdings Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In addition, the Company’s participating securities are related to certain restricted stock awards issued to Section 16 officers which include non-forfeitable dividend rights.

20

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As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 4,661,360 shares of performance awards that were contingent on performance conditions which had not yet been met, and therefore were excluded from the computation of weighted average shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had net losses from operations. As a result, no potentially dilutive securities were included in the denominator for computing diluted loss per share as their inclusion would be antidilutive.

The following securities were not included in the computation of diluted shares outstanding because the effect would be antidilutive:

			Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
Number of securities (in thousands)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Restricted stock units			516						28						480						28
Stock Options			1,740						2,000						1,704						2,000
Total			2,256						2,028						2,184						2,028

Note 12—Income Taxes

The Company’s tax (benefit) provision is comprised of the most recent estimated annual effective tax rate applied to year-to-date ordinary (loss) income before taxes. The tax impacts of unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are recorded discretely in the interim period in which they occur.

Income tax benefit was $152 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an income tax expense of $14 million for the three months ended September 24, 2022. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 16.0% compared to 27.4% for the three months ended September 24, 2022. The net decrease in income tax expense and effective tax rate was primarily driven by the impairments recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Income tax benefit was $121 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an income tax expense of $9 million for the nine months ended September 24, 2022. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 14.1% compared to 35.3% for the nine months ended September 24, 2022. The net decrease in income tax expense and effective tax rate was primarily driven by the increased impairments recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Note 13—Subsequent Events

On October 30, 2023, the Company converted 2,438,643 options and 2,963,829 restricted stock awards granted at the time of the Company’s IPO that were originally eligible to vest based on the achievements of certain returns of our sponsor after it owned and controlled less than 50% of our outstanding stock to time-based awards that vest in full on April 30, 2025, subject to a continuous service requirement through the vesting date. The fair value of these options and restricted stock awards on the modification date was approximately $10 million and $33 million, respectively. Stock compensation expense will be recognized ratably over the vesting period.

The fair value of the modified stock options was estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions:

Annual dividend yield			—%
Expected term (years)			6.5
Risk-free interest rate			4.82
Expected volatility			49.8
Exercise price			$22.00

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis for Driven Brands Holdings Inc. and Subsidiaries (“Driven Brands”, “the Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this quarterly report. We operate on a 52/53-week fiscal year, which ends on the last Saturday in December. The three months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022 were both 13 week periods. The nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022 were both 39 week periods.

Overview

Driven Brands is the largest automotive services company in North America with a growing and highly-franchised base of approximately 5,000 locations across 49 U.S. states and 13 other countries. Our scaled, diversified platform fulfills an extensive range of core consumer and commercial automotive needs, including paint, collision, glass, and repair services, as well as a variety of high-frequency services, such as oil changes and car washes. We have continued to grow our base of consistent recurring revenue by adding new franchised and company-operated stores and growing same store sales. Driven Brands generated revenue of $581 million and $1.8 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 12% and 17% compared to the prior year periods, and system wide sales of $1.6 billion and $4.8 billion during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of 10% and 15% from the prior year periods. We continue to see strong margins within our Maintenance and Platform Services segments.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, management performed a strategic review of the U.S. car wash operations, which included, but was not limited to, an evaluation of the following: store performance, the competitive landscape, revenue and expense optimization opportunities, and capital requirements. As a result of this strategic review, management approved the closure of 29 stores, halted the opening of new company-operated stores, and began marketing property and equipment for sale that will not be utilized by the Company. These actions resulted in impairment charges of $111 million relating to property and equipment and right-of-use assets during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and the transfer of $271 million of assets from property and equipment to assets held for sale on the unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023.

As a result of the evaluation performed above, as well as other qualitative and quantitative factors, including a decline in the stock price during the third quarter of 2023, management determined a triggering event had occurred requiring a step one quantitative analysis of the Company’s goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets. Based on the results of our interim impairment analysis, we concluded the carrying value of the U.S. Car Wash reporting unit exceeded its fair value, and we recorded a full goodwill impairment charge of $851 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Q3 2023 Three Months Ended Highlights and Key Performance Indicators

(as compared to same period in the prior year, unless otherwise noted)

•Revenue increased 12% to $581 million, driven by same-store sales and net store growth.

•Consolidated same-store sales increased 6%.

•The Company added 55 net new stores during the quarter.

•Net Loss of $799 million or $4.83 loss per diluted share in the current quarter compared to Net Income of $38 million or $0.23 earnings per diluted share in the prior year period, primarily relating to impairment charges recorded in the current period.

•Adjusted Net Income “(non-GAAP)” decreased 39% to $34 million or $0.20 per diluted share. The decrease was primarily due to decreased margins within our Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments as well as increased interest and depreciation expense, partially offset by margin improvements within our Maintenance and Platform Services segments.

•Adjusted EBITDA “(non-GAAP)” decreased 2% to $127 million. The decrease was primarily due to decreased margins within our Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments, partially offset by margin improvements within the Maintenance and Platform Services segments.

Q3 2023 Nine Months Ended Highlights and Key Performance Indicators

(as compared to same period in the prior year, unless otherwise noted)

•Revenue increased 17% to $1,750 million, driven by same-store sales and net store growth.

•Consolidated same-store sales increased 9%.

•The Company added 188 net new stores during the first nine months of 2023.

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•Net Loss of $732 million or $4.41 loss per diluted share in the current year compared to Net Income of $16 million or $0.09 earnings per diluted share in the prior year period, primarily relating to impairments recorded in the current period.

•Adjusted Net Income “(non-GAAP)” decreased 23% to $125 million or $0.74 per diluted share. The decrease was primarily due to decreased margins within our Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments as well as increased interest and depreciation expense, partially offset by margin improvements within our Maintenance and Platform Services segments.

•Adjusted EBITDA “(non-GAAP)” increased 6% to $406 million. The increase was primarily due to improved margins in our Maintenance and Platform Services segments, partially offset by decreased margins within our Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments.

Key Performance Indicators

Key measures that we use in assessing our business and evaluating our segments include the following:

System-wide sales. System-wide sales represent the total of net sales for our franchised, independently-operated, and company-operated stores. This measure allows management to better assess the total size and health of each segment, our overall store performance, and the strength of our market position relative to competitors. Sales at franchised stores are not included as revenue in our results from operations, but rather, we include franchise royalties and fees that are derived from sales at franchised stores.

Store count. Store count reflects the number of franchised, independently-operated, and company-operated stores open at the end of the reporting period. Management reviews the number of new, closed, acquired, and divested stores to assess net unit growth and drivers of trends in system-wide sales, franchise royalties and fees revenue, company-operated store sales, and independently-operated store sales.

Same store sales. Same store sales reflect the change in sales year-over-year for the same store base. We define the same store base to include all franchised, independently-operated, and company-operated stores open for comparable weeks during the given fiscal period in both the current and prior year, which may be different from how others define similar terms. This measure highlights the performance of existing stores, while excluding the impact of new store openings and closures and acquisitions and divestitures.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA. We define Segment Adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest expense, net, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization, with further adjustments for acquisition-related costs, straight-line rent, equity compensation, loss on debt extinguishment, foreign currency transaction related gains or losses, store opening costs, cloud computing amortization, and certain non-recurring and non-core, infrequent or unusual charges. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of operating performance of our segments and may not be comparable to similar measures reported by other companies. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is a performance metric utilized by our Chief Operating Decision Maker to allocate resources to and assess performance of our segments. Refer to Note 5 in our consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of income before taxes to Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022.

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The following table sets forth our key performance indicators for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022:

						Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
(in thousands, except store count or as otherwise noted)						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
System-Wide Sales
System-Wide Sales by Segment:
Maintenance						$	502,482					$	411,452					$	1,429,049					$	1,167,717
Car Wash						141,714						138,704						459,840						453,026
Paint, Collision & Glass						845,644						781,199						2,554,216						2,164,749
Platform Services						119,199						130,751						327,911						352,865
Total						$	1,609,039					$	1,462,106					$	4,771,016					$	4,138,357
System-Wide Sales by Business Model:
Franchised Stores						$	1,176,416					$	1,080,426					$	3,453,684					$	3,022,370
Company-Operated Stores						389,041						341,211						1,159,685						957,487
Independently-Operated Stores						43,582						40,469						157,647						158,500
Total						$	1,609,039					$	1,462,106					$	4,771,016					$	4,138,357
Store Count
Store Count by Segment:
Maintenance						1,732						1,597						1,732						1,597
Car Wash						1,133						1,086						1,133						1,086
Paint, Collision & Glass						1,920						1,822						1,920						1,822
Platform Services						208						202						208						202
Total						4,993						4,707						4,993						4,707
Store Count by Business Model:
Franchised Stores						2,977						2,849						2,977						2,849
Company-Operated Stores						1,301						1,141						1,301						1,141
Independently-Operated Stores						715						717						715						717
Total						4,993						4,707						4,993						4,707
Same Store Sales %
Maintenance						9.1		%				14.4		%				10.8		%				16.0		%
Car Wash						(4.0		%)				(9.0%)						(6.7		%)				(1.8		%)
Paint, Collision & Glass						8.6		%				15.7		%				13.3		%				17.5		%
Platform Services						(4.6		%)				8.7		%				(7.2		%)				14.9		%
Total						6.4		%				11.9		%				8.6		%				14.7		%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
Maintenance						$	86,493					$	68,763					$	245,232					$	185,324
Car Wash						24,429						39,098						112,001						148,495
Paint, Collision & Glass						32,763						38,919						109,724						100,847
Platform Services						22,417						19,765						61,984						54,471
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net revenue by segment
Maintenance						35.4		%				34.2		%				34.3		%				32.3		%
Car Wash						17.1		%				27.9		%				24.1		%				32.4		%
Paint, Collision & Glass						25.3		%				34.4		%				28.6		%				35.0		%
Platform Services						40.1		%				38.0		%				37.5		%				36.7		%
Total consolidated						21.9		%				25.0		%				23.2		%				25.7		%

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Information

To supplement our consolidated financial statements prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures throughout this quarterly report, as described further below, to provide investors with additional useful information about our financial performance, to enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects and to allow for greater transparency with respect to important metrics used by our management for financial and operational decision-making.

Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations in their usefulness to investors because they have no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and are not prepared under any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. In addition, non-GAAP financial measures may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be directly comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies. As a result, non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed as supplementing, and not as an alternative or substitute for, our consolidated financial statements prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted Net Income/Adjusted Earnings per Share. We define Adjusted Net Income as net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, adjusted for acquisition-related costs, straight-line rent, equity compensation, loss on debt extinguishment, cloud computing amortization, and certain non-recurring, non-core, infrequent or unusual charges, amortization related to acquired intangible assets and the tax effect of the adjustments. Adjusted Earnings Per Share is calculated by dividing Adjusted Net Income by the weighted average shares outstanding. Management believes this non-GAAP financial measure is useful because it is a key measure used by our management team to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans, and make strategic decisions.

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The following table provides a reconciliation of Net (Loss) Income to Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings per Share:

Adjusted Net Income /Adjusted Earnings per Share

			Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Net (loss) income			$	(799,311)					$	38,391					$	(731,813)					$	15,775
Acquisition related costs(a)			1,667						2,325						7,264						9,981
Non-core items and project costs, net(b)			1,486						851						6,113						3,436
Straight-line rent adjustment(c)			5,193						3,220						14,196						11,530
Cloud computing amortization(d)			991						—						991						—
Equity-based compensation expense(e)			2,681						5,308						9,730						12,159
Foreign currency transaction loss, net(f)			2,980						15,582						3						30,490
Bad debt recovery(g)			—						(449)						—						(449)
Goodwill impairment(h)			850,970						—						850,970						—
Trade name impairment(i)			—						—						—						125,450
Asset sale leaseback (gain) loss, impairment and closed store expenses(j)			125,473						(14,186)						119,637						(20,248)
Amortization related to acquired intangible assets(k)			9,252						7,212						23,564						18,284
Provision for uncertain tax positions(l)			—						—						—						76
Adjusted net income before tax impact of adjustments			201,382						58,254						300,655						206,484
Tax impact of adjustments(m)			(167,662)						(3,290)						(175,452)						(44,086)
Adjusted net income			33,720						54,964						125,203						162,398
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest			—						—						—						(15)
Adjusted net income attributable to Driven Brands Holdings Inc.			$	33,720					$	54,964					$	125,203					$	162,413
Adjusted earnings per share
Basic			$	0.20					$	0.33					$	0.75					$	0.98
Diluted			$	0.20					$	0.32					$	0.74					$	0.96
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic			162,398						162,760						162,698						162,768
Diluted			165,850						166,831						166,557						166,663

Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest expense, net, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization, with further adjustments for acquisition-related costs, straight-line rent, equity compensation, loss on debt extinguishment, cloud computing amortization, and certain non-recurring, non-core, infrequent or unusual charges. Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled metrics of other companies due to differences in methods of calculation. Management believes this non-GAAP financial measure is useful because it is a key measure used by our management team to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions.

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The following table provides a reconciliation of Net (Loss) Income to Adjusted EBITDA:

Adjusted EBITDA
			Three Months Ended												Nine Months Ended
			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Net (loss) income			$	(799,311)					$	38,391					$	(731,813)					$	15,775
Income tax (benefit) expense			(151,818)						14,472						(120,572)						8,592
Interest expense, net			41,292						27,323						120,304						78,946
Depreciation and amortization			45,639						36,518						129,256						107,628
EBITDA			(864,198)						116,704						(602,825)						210,941
Acquisition related costs(a)			1,667						2,325						7,264						9,981
Non-core items and project costs, net(b)			1,486						851						6,113						3,436
Straight-line rent adjustment(c)			5,193						3,220						14,196						11,530
Cloud computing amortization(d)			991						—						991						—
Equity-based compensation expense(e)			2,681						5,308						9,730						12,159
Foreign currency transaction loss, net(f)			2,980						15,582						3						30,490
Bad debt recovery(g)			—						(449)						—						(449)
Goodwill impairment(h)			850,970						—						850,970						—
Trade name impairment(i)			—						—						—						125,450
Asset sale leaseback (gain) loss, impairment and closed store expenses(j)			125,473						(14,186)						119,637						(20,248)
Adjusted EBITDA			$	127,243					$	129,355					$	406,079					$	383,290

(a) Consists of acquisition costs as reflected within the unaudited consolidated statements of operations, including legal, consulting and other fees, and expenses incurred in connection with acquisitions completed during the applicable period, as well as inventory rationalization expenses incurred in connection with acquisitions. We expect to incur similar costs in connection with other acquisitions in the future and, under U.S. GAAP, such costs relating to acquisitions are expensed as incurred and not capitalized.

(b)     Consists of discrete items and project costs, including third party consulting and professional fees associated with strategic transformation initiatives as well as non-recurring payroll-related costs.

(c)     Consists of the non-cash portion of rent expense, which reflects the extent to which our straight-line rent expense recognized under U.S. GAAP exceeds or is less than our cash rent payments.

(d) Includes non-cash amortization expenses relating to cloud computing arrangements.

(e)     Represents non-cash equity-based compensation expense.

(f)    Represents foreign currency transaction (gains) losses, net that primarily related to the remeasurement of our intercompany loans, which are partially offset by unrealized gains and losses on remeasurement of cross currency swaps and forward contracts.

(g) Represents the recovery of previously uncollectible receivables outside of normal operations.

(h) Relates to goodwill impairment charges within the Car Wash segment. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(i)     Certain indefinite-lived Car Wash trade names were impaired as the Company elected to discontinue their use. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(j)     Relates to (gains) losses, net on sale leasebacks, impairment of certain fixed assets and operating lease right-of-use assets related to closed and underperforming locations, assets held for sale, and lease exit costs and other costs associated with stores that were closed prior to the respective lease termination dates. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

(k) Consists of amortization related to acquired intangible assets as reflected within depreciation and amortization in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations.

(l) Represents amounts recorded for uncertain tax positions, inclusive of interest and penalties.

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(m)      Represents the tax impact of adjustments associated with the reconciling items between net income and Adjusted Net Income, excluding the provision for uncertain tax positions. To determine the tax impact of the deductible reconciling items, we utilized statutory income tax rates ranging from 9% to 36% depending upon the tax attributes of each adjustment and the applicable jurisdiction.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 24, 2022

We recognized a net loss of $799 million, or $4.83 loss per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to net income of $38 million, or $0.23 earnings per diluted share, for the three months ended September 24, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to non-cash impairment charges of $851 million included in the Car Wash segment and $111 million of asset impairment charges, relating to Car Wash assets for the 29 approved store closures, underperforming stores, and assets held for sale in the current period. In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2023 the company recorded a loss on sale or disposals of fixed assets of approximately $14 million compared to a gain of $17 million during the three months ended September 24, 2022, primarily relating to sale leaseback transactions and a gain on the sale of CARSTAR company-operated stores in the prior year. Interest expense increased $14 million, primarily relating to a higher variable interest rate on the Term Loan Facility in the current period as well as interest relating to borrowings under the Series 2022-1 Class A-2 Securitization Senior Notes issued in the fourth quarter of 2022 and depreciation and amortization relating to capital expenditures and business acquisitions over the prior 12 months increased $9 million. Operating margins for company-operated stores decreased, primarily within the Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments. These expenses were partially offset by a decrease in tax expense of $166 million and reduced losses for foreign exchange of $13 million as well as an increase in revenue related to same store sales growth, unit growth from the U.S. glass and car wash acquisitions in the trailing twelve month period, and organic store count growth.

Adjusted net income was $34 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $21 million, compared to $55 million for the three months ended September 24, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to reduced operating margins for company-operated stores within the Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments, higher interest expense, relating to a higher variable interest rate on the Term Loan Facility in the current period as well as interest relating to borrowings under the Series 2022-1 Class A-2 Securitization Senior Notes issued in the fourth quarter of 2022, and increased depreciation relating to capital expenditures and business acquisitions over the prior 12 months. These expenses were partially offset by an increase in revenue related to same store sales growth, unit growth from the U.S. glass and car wash acquisitions in the trailing twelve month period, and organic store count growth.

Adjusted EBITDA was $127 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $2 million, compared to $129 million for the three months ended September 24, 2022. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to reduced operating margins for company-operated stores within the Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments, partially offset by an increase in revenue related to same store sales growth, unit growth from the U.S. glass and car wash acquisitions in the trailing twelve month period, and organic store count growth.

To facilitate the review of our results of operations, the following tables set forth our financial results for the periods indicated. All information is derived from the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain percentages presented in this section have been rounded, therefore, totals may not equal the sum of the line items in the tables below.

Revenue

			Three Months Ended
(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues						September 24, 2022						% of Net Revenues
Franchise royalties and fees			$	47,362					8.1		%				$	45,562					8.8		%
Company-operated store sales			389,041						67.0		%				341,211						66.1		%
Independently-operated store sales			43,582						7.5		%				40,469						7.8		%
Advertising fund contributions			27,121						4.7		%				22,018						4.3		%
Supply and other revenue			73,928						12.7		%				67,334						13.0		%
Total revenue			$	581,034					100.0		%				$	516,594					100.0		%

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Franchise Royalties and Fees

Franchise royalties and fees increased $2 million, or 4%, primarily due to same store sales growth and a net increase of 128 franchise stores. Franchise system-wide sales increased by $96 million or 9%.

Company-operated Store Sales

Company-operated store sales increased $48 million, or 14%, of which $32 million and $16 million related to the Maintenance and Paint, Collision & Glass segments, respectively. The sales increase in the Maintenance segment was primarily due to same store sales growth and 50 net new company-operated stores. The sales increase in the Paint, Collision & Glass segment was primarily due to same store sales growth as well as net store growth from the 2022 U.S. glass acquisitions. Car Wash sales were flat year over year as a result of sales from 49 net new company-operated stores offset by decreased same store sales. In aggregate, the Company added 160 company-operated stores year-over-year.

Independently-operated Store Sales

Independently-operated store sales (comprised entirely of sales from the international car wash locations) increased by $3 million, or 8%, primarily due to an increase in same store sales as a result of improved product mix and price as well as a favorable impact from foreign exchange.

Advertising Fund Contributions

Advertising fund contributions increased by $5 million, or 23%, primarily due to an increase in franchise system-wide sales of approximately $96 million, or 9%, from same store sales growth and additional net new franchise stores. Our franchise agreements typically require the franchisee to pay continuing advertising fund fees based on a percentage of franchisee gross sales.

Supply and Other Revenue

Supply and other revenue increased $7 million, or 10%, primarily from growth in product and service revenue within the Platform Services segment due to an increase in system-wide sales growth and 135 net new stores within the Maintenance segment.

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Operating Expenses

			Three Months Ended
(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues						September 24, 2022						% of Net Revenues
Company-operated store expenses			$	262,282					45.1		%				$	209,562					40.6		%
Independently-operated store expenses			25,773						4.4		%				23,254						4.5		%
Advertising fund expenses			27,121						4.7		%				22,018						4.3		%
Supply and other expenses			38,816						6.7		%				41,042						7.9		%
Selling, general, and administrative expenses			123,012						21.2		%				82,460						16.0		%
Acquisition related costs			1,667						0.3		%				2,325						0.5		%
Store opening costs			1,372						0.2		%				753						0.1		%
Depreciation and amortization			45,639						7.9		%				36,518						7.1		%
Goodwill impairment			850,970						146.5		%				—						—		%
Trade name impairment			—						—		%				—						—		%
Asset impairment charges and lease terminations			111,239						19.1		%				2,894						0.6		%
Total operating expenses			$	1,487,891					256.1		%				$	420,826					81.5		%

Company-operated Store Expenses

Company-operated store expenses increased $53 million, or 25%, primarily due to increased operations relating to 160 company-operated stores added in the trailing twelve months as well as product mix, increased operating costs for rent expense at properties converted to leases through prior year sale leasebacks, and increased labor costs.

Independently-operated Store Expenses

Independently-operated store expenses, which are entirely related to the Car Wash segment, increased $3 million, or 11%, primarily due to an increase in same store sales and increased supplies and utility expenses.

Advertising Fund Expenses

Advertising fund expenses increased $5 million, or 23%, which is commensurate to the increase in advertising fund contributions during the period. Advertising fund expenses generally trend consistent with advertising fund contributions.

Supply and Other Expenses

Supply and other expenses decreased $2 million, or 5%, due to inventory cost savings in the current period.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $41 million, or 49%, primarily due to a loss on sale or disposals of fixed assets of approximately $14 million in the current period compared to a gain of $17 million during the prior year period, relating to sale leaseback transactions and a gain on the sale of CARSTAR company-operated stores in the prior year as well as increased marketing expenses, increased employee compensation and other employee-related expenses, and increased professional fees.

Acquisition Related Costs

Acquisition related costs decreased $1 million, or 28%, primarily due to decreased acquisition activity in the current year compared to the prior year.

Store Opening Costs

Store opening costs increased by less than $1 million, or 82%, primarily due to costs associated with converting stores from U.S. glass acquisitions to the Auto Glass Now (“AGN”) brand and costs associated with opening new U.S. glass company-operated stores.

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Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $9 million, or 25%, due to a one-time adjustment of $4 million for property and equipment placed in service in the current period relating primarily to the first half of 2023, additional fixed assets and finite-lived intangible assets recognized in conjunction with recent acquisitions, and higher capital expenditures, primarily related to car wash site development.

Goodwill Impairment

Goodwill impairment charge of $851 million is directly attributable to our Car Wash segment. For more information, refer to Note 6 in our consolidated financial statements included in this 10-Q.

Asset Impairment Charges and Lease Terminations

Asset impairment charges and lease terminations increased $108 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 24, 2022. Impairments in the current period primarily related to property and equipment and right-of-use assets relating to 29 stores management approved for closure, underperforming stores, and impairments relating to assets held for sale or abandoned within the Car Wash segment. The prior period consisted of impairments related to certain property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets at closed locations.

Interest Expense, Net

			Three Months Ended
(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues			September 24, 2022						% of Net Revenues
Interest expense, net			$	41,292					7.1		%	$	27,323					5.3		%

Interest expense, net increased $14 million, or 51%, primarily as a result of increased interest rates on the Term Loan Facility in the current period as well as interest relating to borrowings under the Series 2022-1 Class A-2 Securitization Senior Notes issued in the fourth quarter of 2022 and increased borrowings and interest rates on the Revolving Credit Facility in the current period.

Loss on Foreign Currency Transactions, Net

			Three Months Ended
			September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues			September 24, 2022						% of Net Revenues
Loss on foreign currency transactions, net			$	2,980					0.5		%	$	15,582					3.0		%

The loss on foreign currency transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily comprised of transaction losses in our foreign operations of $5 million, partially offset by a gain of $2 million on foreign currency hedges. The loss on foreign currency transactions for the three months ended September 24, 2022 was comprised of a $18 million net remeasurement loss on our non U.S. dollar entities including third party long-term debt and intercompany notes, partially offset by a gain of $3 million on foreign currency hedges.

Income Tax (Benefit) Expense

			Three Months Ended
(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues			September 24, 2022						% of Net Revenues
Income tax (benefit) expense			$	(151,818)					(26.1		%)	$	14,472					2.8		%

Income tax benefit was $152 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to income tax expense of $14 million for the three months ended September 24, 2022. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 16.0% compared to 27.4% for the three months ended September 24, 2022. The decrease in income tax expense and effective tax rate was primarily driven by impairments recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

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Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 24, 2022

We recognized a net loss of $732 million, or $4.41 loss per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a net income of $16 million, or $0.09 earnings per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 24, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to a non-cash impairment charge of $851 million included in the Car Wash segment and $117 million of asset impairment charges, primarily relating to Car Wash assets for the 29 approved store closures, underperforming stores, and assets held for sale in the current period, partially offset by a $125 million non-cash impairment charge related to the change in intended use of certain existing Car Wash trade names migrating to the Take 5 Car Wash brand in the prior period. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 the company recorded a loss on sale or disposals of fixed assets of approximately $2 million compared to a gain of $23 million during the nine months ended September 24, 2022, primarily relating to sale leaseback transactions and a gain on the sale of CARSTAR company-operated stores in the prior year. Interest expense increased $41 million, primarily relating to a higher variable interest rate on the Term Loan Facility in the current period as well as interest relating to borrowings under the Series 2022-1 Class A-2 Securitization Senior Notes issued in the fourth quarter of 2022 and depreciation and amortization relating to capital expenditures and business acquisitions over the prior 12 months increased $22 million. Operating margins for company-operated stores decreased, primarily within the Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments. These expenses were partially offset by a decrease in tax expense of $129 million and reduced losses for foreign exchange of $30 million as well as an increase in revenue related to same store sales growth, unit growth from the U.S. glass and car wash acquisitions in the trailing twelve month period, and organic store count growth.

Adjusted net income was $125 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $37 million, compared to $162 million for the nine months ended September 24, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to reduced operating margins and increased marketing expenditures for company-operated stores, primarily within the Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments, higher interest expense, relating to a higher variable interest rate on the Term Loan Facility in the current period as well as interest relating to borrowings under the Series 2022-1 Class A-2 Securitization Senior Notes issued in the fourth quarter of 2022, and increased depreciation relating to capital expenditures and business acquisitions over the prior 12 months. These expenses were partially offset by an increase in revenue related to same store sales growth, unit growth from the U.S. glass and car wash acquisitions in the trailing twelve month period, and organic store count growth.

Adjusted EBITDA was $406 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $23 million, compared to $383 million for the nine months ended September 24, 2022. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to an increase in revenue related to same store sales growth, unit growth from the U.S. glass and car wash acquisitions in the trailing twelve month period, and organic store count growth, partially offset by reduced operating margins and increased marketing expenditures for company-operated stores, primarily within the Car Wash and Paint, Collision & Glass segments.

To facilitate the review of our results of operations, the following tables set forth our financial results for the periods indicated. All information is derived from the consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue

						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)						September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues						September 24, 2022						% of Net Revenues
Franchise royalties and fees						$	140,682					8.0		%				$	128,300					8.6		%
Company-operated store sales						1,159,685						66.3		%				957,487						64.1		%
Independently-operated store sales						157,647						9.0		%				158,500						10.6		%
Advertising fund contributions						73,547						4.2		%				63,807						4.3		%
Supply and other revenue						218,791						12.5		%				185,447						12.4		%
Total revenue						$	1,750,352					100.0		%				$	1,493,541					100.0		%

Franchise Royalties and Fees

Franchise royalties and fees increased $12 million, or 10%, primarily due to same store sales growth and net increase of 128 franchised stores. Franchised system-wide sales increased $431 million, or 14%.

Company-operated Store Sales

Company-operated store sales increased $202 million, or 21%, of which $108 million, $87 million, and $8 million related to the Maintenance, Paint, Collision & Glass, and Car Wash segments, respectively. The sales increase in the

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Maintenance segment was primarily due to same store sales growth and 50 net new company-operated stores. The sales increase in the Paint, Collision & Glass segment was primarily due to same store sales growth as well as net store growth primarily from the 2022 U.S. glass acquisitions and net new store openings in the current year. The sales increase in the Car Wash segment was primarily driven by the addition of 49 net new company-operated stores primarily due to acquisitions and greenfield openings in the trailing twelve months, which was partially offset by a decrease in same store sales. In aggregate, the Company added 160 company-operated stores year-over-year.

Independently-Operated Store Sales

Independently-operated store sales (comprised entirely of sales from the international car wash locations) decreased $1 million, or 1%, primarily due to a decrease in same store sales.

Advertising Fund Contributions

Advertising fund contributions increased by $10 million, or 15%, primarily due to an increase in franchise system-wide sales of approximately $431 million, or 14%, from same store sales growth and an additional 128 net new franchise stores. Our franchise agreements typically require the franchisee to pay continuing advertising fund fees based on a percentage of franchisee gross sales.

Supply and Other Revenue

Supply and other revenue increased $33 million, or 18%, primarily due to growth in product and service revenue within the Platform Services, Paint, Collision & Glass, and Maintenance segments due to an increase in system-wide sales.

Operating Expenses

						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)						September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues						September 24, 2022						% of Net Revenues
Company-operated store expenses						$	762,731					43.6		%				$	580,368					38.9		%
Independently-operated store expenses						87,095						5.0		%				85,396						5.7		%
Advertising fund expenses						73,547						4.2		%				63,807						4.3		%
Supply and other expenses						118,188						6.8		%				109,616						7.3		%
Selling, general, and administrative expenses						332,155						19.0		%				272,657						18.3		%
Acquisition related costs						7,264						0.4		%				9,981						0.7		%
Store opening costs						3,774						0.2		%				1,925						0.1		%
Depreciation and amortization						129,256						7.4		%				107,628						7.2		%
Goodwill impairment			850,970			850,970			$	1		48.6		%	—			—			0			—		%
Trade name impairment charges						—						—		%				125,450						8.4		%
Asset impairment charges						117,450						6.7		%				2,910						0.2		%
Total operating expenses						$	2,482,430					141.8		%				$	1,359,738					91.0		%

Company-Operated Store Expenses

Company-operated store expenses increased $182 million, or 31%, primarily due to increased operations relating to 160 company-operated stores added in the trailing twelve months as well as increased operating costs for rent expense at properties converted to leases through prior year sale leasebacks and increased labor costs.

Independently-Operated Store Expenses

Independently-operated store expenses, which are entirely related to the Car Wash segment, increased $2 million, or 2%, primarily due to increased utility and supplies expenses.

Advertising Fund Expenses

Advertising fund expenses increased $10 million, or 15%, which is commensurate with the increase to advertising fund contributions during the period. Advertising fund expenses generally trend consistent with advertising fund contributions.

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Supply and Other Expenses

Supply and other expenses increased $9 million, or 8%, due to an increase in supply and other revenue as well as higher freight costs incurred in the Platform Services segment.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $59 million, or 22%, primarily due to a loss on sale or disposals of fixed assets of approximately $2 million in the current period compared to a gain of $23 million in the prior year, relating to sale leaseback transactions and a gain on the sale of CARSTAR company-operated stores in the prior year as well as increased professional fees, marketing expenses, infrastructure costs, travel costs, and increased employee compensation and other employee-related expenses from increased headcount and acquisitions.

Acquisition Related Costs

Acquisition related costs decreased $3 million, or 27% due to decreased acquisition activity in the current year compared to the prior year.

Store Opening Costs

Store opening costs increased by $2 million, or 96%, primarily due to costs associated with converting stores from U.S. glass acquisitions to the AGN brand and costs associated with opening new U.S. glass and U.S. car wash company-operated stores.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $22 million, or 20%, due to additional fixed assets and finite-lived intangible assets recognized in conjunction with recent acquisitions and higher capital expenditures, primarily related to oil change and car wash site development.

Goodwill Impairment

Goodwill impairment charge of $851 million is directly attributable to our Car Wash segment. For more information, refer to Note 6 in our consolidated financial statements included in this 10-Q.

Trade Name Impairment Charges

During the nine months ended September 24, 2022, the Company made the strategic decision to rebrand the majority of its U.S. car wash locations to operate under the name “Take 5 Car Wash”, and therefore are discontinuing the use of certain Car Wash trade names that had indefinite lives. As a result, the Company recognized a $125 million non-cash impairment charge.

Asset Impairment Charges

Asset impairment charges increased by $115 million. Impairments in the current period primarily related to property and equipment and right-of-use assets relating to 29 stores management approved for closure, underperforming stores, and impairments relating to assets held for sale or abandoned within the Car Wash segment. The prior period consisted of impairments related to certain property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets at closed locations.

Interest Expense, Net

						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)						September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues						September 24, 2022						% of Net Revenues
Interest expense, net						$	120,304					6.9		%				$	78,946					5.3		%

Interest expense, net increased $41 million, or 52%, primarily as a result of increased interest rates on the Term Loan Facility in the current period as well as interest relating to borrowings under the Series 2022-1 Class A-2 Securitization Senior Notes issued in the fourth quarter of 2022.

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Loss on Foreign Currency Transactions, Net

						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)						September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues						September 24, 2022						% of Net Revenues
Loss on foreign currency transactions, net						$	3					—		%				$	30,490					2.0		%

The loss on foreign currency transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily comprised of transaction losses in our foreign operations of $4 million, partially offset by a gain of $4 million on foreign currency hedges. The loss on foreign currency transactions for the nine months ended September 24, 2022 was comprised of a $33 million net remeasurement loss on our non U.S. dollar entities including third party long-term debt and intercompany notes, partially offset by a gain of $3 million on foreign currency hedges.

Income Tax (Benefit) Expense

						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)						September 30, 2023						% of Net Revenues						September 24, 2022			% of Net Revenues
Income tax (benefit) expense						$	(120,572)					(6.9		%)				$	8,592		0.6		%

Income tax benefit was $121 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to an income tax expense of $9 million for the nine months ended September 24, 2022. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 14.1% compared to 35.3% for the nine months ended September 24, 2022. The net decrease in income tax expense and effective tax rate was primarily driven by the increased impairments recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Segment Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 24, 2022

We assess the performance of our segments based on Segment Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as earnings before interest expense, net, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization, with further adjustments for acquisition-related costs, store opening and closure costs, straight-line rent, equity compensation, loss on debt extinguishment, cloud computing amortization, and certain non-recurring, non-core, infrequent or unusual charges. In addition, shared services costs are not allocated to these segments and are included in Corporate and Other. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of the operating performance of our segments and may not be comparable to similar measures reported by other companies.

Maintenance

			Three Months Ended												2023						2022
(in thousands, unless otherwise noted)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						% Net Revenue For Segment						% Net Revenue For Segment
Franchise royalties and fees			$	14,566					$	11,625					6.0		%				5.8		%
Company-operated store sales			204,460						172,162						83.6		%				85.7		%
Supply and other revenue			25,333						17,035						10.4		%				8.5		%
Total revenue			$	244,359					$	200,822					100.0		%				100.0		%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA			$	86,493					$	68,763					35.4		%				34.2		%
System-Wide Sales															Change
Franchised stores			$	298,022					$	239,290					$	58,732					24.5		%
Company-operated stores			204,460						172,162						32,298						18.8		%
Total System-Wide Sales			$	502,482					$	411,452					$	91,030					22.1		%
Store Count (in whole numbers)															Change
Franchised stores			1,108						1,023						85						8.3		%
Company-operated stores			624						574						50						8.7		%
Total Store Count			1,732						1,597						135						8.5		%
Same Store Sales %			9.1		%				14.4		%

Maintenance revenue increased $44 million, or 22%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 24, 2022. Franchise royalties and fees increased by $3 million primarily due to a $59 million, or 25%, increase in franchised system-wide sales from same store sales growth and 85 net new franchise stores. Company-operated store sales increased by $32 million, or 19%, primarily due to same store sales growth and 50 net new company-operated stores. Supply and other revenue increased by $8 million, or 49%, primarily due to higher system-wide sales from franchised stores.

Maintenance Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $18 million, or 26%, primarily due to revenue growth, cost management, and operational leverage. We continue to utilize an efficient labor model at company-operated locations.

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Car Wash

			Three Months Ended												2023						2022
(in thousands, unless otherwise noted)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						% Net Revenue For Segment						% Net Revenue For Segment
Company-operated store sales			$	98,132					$	98,235					68.7		%				70.0		%
Independently-operated store sales			43,582						40,469						30.5		%				28.9		%
Supply and other revenue			1,099						1,599						0.8		%				1.1		%
Total revenue			$	142,813					$	140,303					100.0		%				100.0		%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA			$	24,429					$	39,098					17.1		%				27.9		%
System-Wide Sales															Change
Company-operated stores			98,132						98,235						$	(103)					(0.1		%)
Independently-operated stores			43,582						40,469						3,113						7.7		%
Total System-Wide Sales			$	141,714					$	138,704					$	3,010					2.2		%
Store Count (in whole numbers)															Change
Company-operated stores			418						369						49						13.3		%
Independently-operated stores			715						717						(2)						(0.3		%)
Total Store Count			1,133						1,086						47						4.3		%
Same Store Sales %			(4.0		%)				(9.0		%)

Car Wash Segment revenue increased by $3 million, or 2%, driven by an increase in same store sales within independently-operated store sales, the addition of 49 net new company-operated stores primarily due to acquisitions and greenfield openings in the trailing twelve months, and a favorable impact from foreign exchange, partially offset by decreased same store sales within company-operated store sales.

Car Wash is comprised of car wash sites throughout the United States, Europe, and Australia with varying geographical, economical, and political factors, which could impact the results of the business. Our U.S. Car Wash locations have experienced softening retail demand, increased competitive pressures and negative weather patterns, which have contributed to negative same store sales, as well as political disruptions in our international locations resulting in increased costs and reduced operational results. We perform site reviews, as required, to evaluate operational efficiencies and these reviews could result in future impairment charges.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, management performed a strategic review of the U.S. car wash operations, which included, but was not limited to, an evaluation of the following: store performance, the competitive landscape, revenue and expense optimization opportunities, and capital requirements. As a result of this strategic review, management approved the closure of 29 stores, halted the opening of new company-operated stores, and began marketing property and equipment for sale that will not be utilized by the Company.

Car Wash Segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $15 million, or 38%, primarily driven by decreased same store sales within company-operated store sales and increased company-operated store costs primarily relating to rent expense for properties included in sale-leaseback transactions in the trailing twelve months, increased expenses relating to supplies and utilities, and increased labor relating to the 49 net new U.S. company-operated stores in the trailing twelve months.

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Paint, Collision & Glass

			Three Months Ended												2023						2022
(in thousands, unless otherwise noted)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						% Net Revenue For Segment						% Net Revenue For Segment
Franchise royalties and fees			$	23,799					$	24,055					18.4		%				21.2		%
Company-operated store sales			85,207						69,383						65.8		%				61.3		%
Supply and other revenue			20,408						19,782						15.8		%				17.5		%
Total revenue			$	129,414					$	113,220					100.0		%				100.0		%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA			$	32,763					$	38,919					25.3		%				34.4		%
System-Wide Sales															Change
Franchised stores			$	760,437					$	711,816					$	48,621					6.8		%
Company-operated stores			85,207						69,383						15,824						22.8		%
Total System-Wide Sales			$	845,644					$	781,199					$	64,445					8.2		%
Store Count (in whole numbers)															Change
Franchised stores			1,662						1,625						37						2.3		%
Company-operated stores			258						197						61						31.0		%
Total Store Count			1,920						1,822						98						5.4		%
Same Store Sales %			8.6		%				15.7		%

Paint, Collision & Glass revenue increased $16 million, or 14%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 24, 2022. The company-operated store sales increased $16 million, or 23%, as a result of U.S. glass acquisitions in the trailing twelve months, partially offset by sales relating to company-operated CARSTAR stores sold in 2022. Franchise royalties and fees remained flat, primarily due to a $49 million, or 7%, increase in franchise system-wide sales generated by same store sales growth and 37 net new franchise stores, offset by a decrease in average royalty rates. Supply and other revenue increased by less than $1 million, or 3%, due to higher product sales resulting from an increase in system-wide sales.

We entered the U.S. glass market in the first quarter of 2022 through the acquisition of Auto Glass Now and have quickly become the second largest player in the auto glass servicing category. Since entering the market, we have completed 12 acquisitions and as of September 30, 2023 we have 234 glass stores. We have continued to integrate these acquisitions, standardize operations, and rebrand to the Auto Glass Now brand name throughout 2023. Due to the size and complexity of these acquisitions, the integrations have taken longer than planned resulting in less revenue and cost efficiencies than expected in the current period. We perform site reviews, as required, to evaluate operational efficiencies and these reviews could result in future impairment charges.

Paint, Collision & Glass Segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased $6 million, or 16%, primarily due to higher employee related costs and reduced volume associated with company-operated stores, partially offset by revenue growth from acquisitions and same store sales growth.

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Platform Services

			Three Months Ended												2023						2022
(in thousands, unless otherwise noted)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						% Net Revenue For Segment						% Net Revenue For Segment
Franchise royalties and fees			$	8,997					$	9,882					16.1		%				19.0		%
Company-operated store sales			1,242						1,431						2.2		%				2.8		%
Supply and other revenue			45,695						40,686						81.7		%				78.2		%
Total revenue			$	55,934					$	51,999					100.0		%				100.0		%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA			$	22,417					$	19,765					40.1		%				38.0		%
System-Wide Sales															Change
Franchised stores			$	117,957					$	129,320					$	(11,363)					(8.8		%)
Company-operated stores			1,242						1,431						(189)						(13.2		%)
Total System-Wide Sales			$	119,199					$	130,751					$	(11,552)					(8.8		%)
Store Count (in whole numbers)															Change
Franchised stores			207						201						6						3.0		%
Company-operated stores			1						1						—						—		%
Total Store Count			208						202						6						3.0		%
Same Store Sales %			(4.6		%)				8.7		%

Platform Services revenue increased $4 million, or 8%, driven by an increase in total company system-wide sales and new product offerings that resulted in increased product purchases.

Platform Services Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $3 million, or 13%, primarily driven by revenue growth, cost management, and operational leverage.

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Segment Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 24, 2022

We assess the performance of our segments based on Segment Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as earnings before interest expense, net, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization, with further adjustments for acquisition-related costs, store opening and closure costs, straight-line rent, equity compensation, loss on debt extinguishment and certain non-recurring, non-core, infrequent or unusual charges. Additionally, shared services costs are not allocated to these segments and are included in Corporate and Other. Segment Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled metrics of other companies due to differences in methods of calculation.

Maintenance

						Nine Months Ended												2023						2022
(in thousands, unless otherwise noted)						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						% Net Revenue For Segment						% Net Revenue For Segment
Franchise royalties and fees						$	41,224					$	32,586					5.8		%				5.7		%
Company-operated store sales						605,393						497,638						84.7		%				86.7		%
Supply and other revenue						67,737						43,645						9.5		%				7.6		%
Total revenue						$	714,354					$	573,869					100.0		%				100.0		%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA						$	245,232					$	185,324					34.3		%				32.3		%
System-Wide Sales																		Change
Franchised stores						$	823,656					$	670,079					$	153,577					22.9		%
Company-operated stores						605,393						497,638						107,755						21.7		%
Total System-Wide Sales						$	1,429,049					$	1,167,717					$	261,332					22.4		%
Store Count (in whole numbers)																		Change
Franchised stores						1,108						1,023						85						8.3		%
Company-operated stores						624						574						50						8.7		%
Total Store Count						1,732						1,597						135						8.5		%
Same Store Sales %						10.8		%				16.0		%

Maintenance revenue increased $140 million, or 24%, driven primarily by a $108 million increase in company-operated store sales from same store sales growth and 50 net new company-operated stores. Supply and other revenue increased by $24 million, or 55%, primarily due to higher system-wide sales from franchised stores. Franchise royalties and fees increased by $9 million, or 27%, primarily due to the $154 million, or 23%, increase in franchised system-wide sales from same store sales growth and 85 net new franchise stores.

Maintenance Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $60 million, or 32%, primarily due to revenue growth, cost management, and operational leverage utilizing our efficient labor model at company-operated locations.

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Car Wash

						Nine Months Ended												2023						2022
(in thousands, unless otherwise noted)						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						% Net Revenue For Segment						% Net Revenue For Segment
Company-operated store sales						302,193						294,526						65.1		%				64.3		%
Independently-operated store sales						157,647						158,500						33.9		%				34.6		%
Supply and other revenue						4,708						5,131						1.0		%				1.1		%
Total revenue						$	464,548					$	458,157					100.0		%				100.0		%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA						$	112,001					$	148,495					24.1		%				32.4		%
System-Wide Sales																		Change
Company-operated stores						$	302,193					294,526						$	7,667					2.6		%
Independently-operated stores						157,647						158,500						(853)						(0.5		%)
Total System-Wide Sales						$	459,840					$	453,026					$	6,814					1.5		%
Store Count (in whole numbers)																		Change
Company-operated stores						418						369						49						13.3		%
Independently-operated stores						715						717						(2)						(0.3		%)
Total Store Count						1,133						1,086						47						4.3		%
Same Store Sales %						(6.7		%)				(1.8		%)

Car Wash segment revenue increased $6 million, or 1%, driven by the addition of 49 net new company-operated stores primarily due to acquisitions and greenfield openings in the trailing twelve months, which was partially offset by a 6.7% decrease in same store sales.

Car Wash is comprised of car wash sites throughout the United States, Europe, and Australia with varying geographical, economical, and political factors, which could impact the results of the business. Our U.S. Car Wash locations have experienced softening retail demand, increased competitive pressures and negative weather patterns, which have contributed to negative same store sales, as well as political disruptions in our international locations resulting in increased costs and reduced operational results. We perform site reviews, as required, to evaluate operational efficiencies and these reviews could result in future impairment charges.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, management performed a strategic review of the U.S. car wash operations, which included, but was not limited to, an evaluation of the following: store performance, the competitive landscape, revenue and expense optimization opportunities, and capital requirements. As a result of this strategic review, management approved the closure of 29 stores, halted the opening of new company-operated stores, and began marketing property and equipment for sale that will not be utilized by the Company.

Car Wash Segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $36 million, or 25%, primarily driven by decreased same store sales within company-operated store sales, increased company-operated store costs primarily relating to employee compensation, rent expense for properties included in sale-leaseback transactions in the trailing twelve months, and increased expenses relating to supplies and utilities.

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Paint, Collision & Glass

						Nine Months Ended												2023						2022
(in thousands, unless otherwise noted)						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						% Net Revenue For Segment						% Net Revenue For Segment
Franchise royalties and fees						$	74,627					$	69,025					19.5		%				24.0		%
Company-operated store sales						248,796						161,348						64.9		%				56.0		%
Supply and other revenue						59,952						57,577						15.6		%				20.0		%
Total revenue						$	383,375					$	287,950					100.0		%				100.0		%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA						$	109,724					$	100,847					28.6		%				35.0		%
System-Wide Sales																		Change
Franchised stores						$	2,305,420					$	2,003,401					$	302,019					15.1		%
Company-operated stores						248,796						161,348						87,448						54.2		%
Total System-Wide Sales						$	2,554,216					$	2,164,749					$	389,467					18.0		%
Store Count (in whole numbers)																		Change
Franchised stores						1,662						1,625						37						2.3		%
Company-operated stores						258						197						61						31.0		%
Total Store Count						1,920						1,822						98						5.4		%
Same Store Sales %						13.3		%				17.5		%

Paint, Collision & Glass revenue increased $95 million, or 33%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 24, 2022. Company-operated store revenue increased $87 million, or 54%, primarily as a result of U.S. glass acquisitions in the trailing twelve months, partially offset by sales relating to company-operated CARSTAR stores sold in 2022. Franchise royalties and fees revenue increased $6 million, or 8%, primarily due to a $302 million, or 15%, increase in franchised system-wide sales from same store sales growth. Supply and other revenue increased $2 million, or 4%, due to same store sales growth and higher franchise income resulting from an increase in system-wide sales.

We entered the U.S. glass market in the first quarter of 2022 through the acquisition of Auto Glass Now and have quickly become the second largest player in the auto glass servicing category. Since entering the market, we have completed 12 acquisitions and as of September 30, 2023 we have 234 glass stores. We have continued to integrate these acquisitions, standardize operations, and rebrand to the Auto Glass Now brand name throughout 2023. Due to the size and complexity of these acquisitions, the integrations have taken longer than planned resulting in lower revenue and less cost efficiencies than expected in the current period. We perform site reviews, as required, to evaluate operational efficiencies and these reviews could result in future impairment charges.

Paint, Collision & Glass Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $9 million, or 9%, primarily due to revenue growth from acquisitions and same store sales growth, partially offset by higher employee related costs and reduced volume associated with company-operated stores.

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Platform Services

						Nine Months Ended												2023						2022
(in thousands, unless otherwise noted)						September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022						% Net Revenue For Segment						% Net Revenue For Segment
Franchise royalties and fees						$	24,831					$	26,689					15.0		%				18.0		%
Company-operated store sales						3,303						3,975						2.0		%				2.7		%
Supply and other revenue						137,171						117,704						83.0		%				79.3		%
Total revenue						$	165,305					$	148,368					100.0		%				100.0		%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA						$	61,984					$	54,471					37.5		%				36.7		%
System-Wide Sales																		Change
Franchised stores						$	324,608					$	348,890					$	(24,282)					(7.0		%)
Company-operated stores						3,303						3,975						(672)						(16.9		%)
Total System-Wide Sales						$	327,911					$	352,865					$	(24,954)					(7.1		%)
Store Count (in whole numbers)																		Change
Franchised stores						207						201						6						3.0		%
Company-operated stores						1						1						—						—		%
Total Store Count						208						202						6						3.0		%
Same Store Sales %						(7.2		%)				14.9		%

Platform Services revenue increased $17 million, or 11%, driven primarily by an increase in total company system-wide sales that resulted in increased product purchases.

Platform Services Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased $8 million, or 14%, primarily driven by a combination of revenue growth, cost management, and operational leverage.

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Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash flow from operations, supplemented with long-term borrowings and revolving credit facilities, have been sufficient to fund our operations while allowing us to make strategic investments to grow our business. We believe that our sources of liquidity and capital resources will be adequate to fund our operations, acquisitions, company-operated store development, other general corporate needs, and the additional expenses we expect to incur for at least the next twelve months. We expect to continue to have access to the capital markets at acceptable terms. However, this could be adversely affected by many factors including macroeconomic factors, a downgrade of our credit rating, or a deterioration of certain financial ratios.

Driven Brands Funding, LLC (the “Issuer”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and Driven Brands Canada Funding Corporation (along with the Issuer, the “Co-Issuers”) are subject to certain quantitative covenants related to debt service coverage and leverage ratios in connection with our securitization senior notes. Our term loan facility and Revolving Credit Facility also have certain qualitative covenants. As of September 30, 2023, the Co-Issuers and Driven Holdings were in compliance with all such covenants under their respective credit agreements.

At September 30, 2023, the Company had total liquidity of $387 million, which included $211 million in cash, and cash equivalents, and $91 million and $85 million of undrawn capacity on its 2019 VFN and Revolving Credit Facility, respectively. This does not include the additional $135 million Series 2022-1 Class A-1 Notes that expand our variable funding note borrowing capacity when the company elects to exercise it, assuming certain conditions continue to be met.

The following table illustrates the main components of our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 24, 2022:

			Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)			September 30, 2023						September 24, 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities			$	212,033					$	167,652
Net cash used in investing activities			(361,207)						(771,768)
Net cash provided by financing activities			147,850						282,580
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash			365						(7,705)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash included in advertising fund assets			$	(959)					$	(329,241)

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $212 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $168 million for the nine months ended September 24, 2022. The increase was due to a $56 million payment for transaction costs associated with the AGN acquisition during the nine months ended September 24, 2022, partially offset by higher net working capital in the current period.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $361 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $772 million for the nine months ended September 24, 2022. The decrease was due to a $598 million decrease in net cash paid for acquisitions and a $22 million increase in proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions, partially offset by a $206 million increase in capital expenditures, primarily relating to building new company-operated stores and remodeling and improving existing stores.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $148 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily related to net borrowings on the revolving credit facility of $215 million, partially offset by share repurchases of $50 million and repayments of long-term debt of $21 million. Net cash provided by financing activities was $283 million for the nine months ended September 24, 2022 primarily related to net borrowings on the revolving credit facility of $300 million, partially offset by repayments of long-term debt of $16 million. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Company’s debt.

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Tax Receivable Agreement

We expect to be able to utilize certain tax benefits which are related to periods prior to the effective date of the Company’s initial public offering, which we therefore attribute to our existing shareholders. We expect that these tax benefits (i.e., the Pre-IPO and IPO-Related Tax Benefits) will reduce the amount of tax that we and our subsidiaries would otherwise be required to pay in the future. We have entered into a tax receivable agreement which provides our Pre-IPO shareholders with the right to receive payment by us of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. and Canadian federal, state, local, and provincial income tax that we and our subsidiaries actually realize as a result of the utilization of the Pre-IPO and IPO-Related Tax Benefits.

For purposes of the tax receivable agreement, cash savings in income tax will be computed by reference to the reduction in the liability for income taxes resulting from the utilization of the Pre-IPO and IPO-Related Tax Benefits. The term of the tax receivable agreement commenced upon the effective date of the Company’s initial public offering and will continue until the Pre-IPO and IPO-Related Tax Benefits have been utilized, accelerated or expired.

Because we are a holding company with no operations of our own, our ability to make payments under the tax receivable agreement is dependent on the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us. The securitized debt facility may restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us, which could affect our ability to make payments under the tax receivable agreement. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the tax receivable agreement because of restrictions under our outstanding indebtedness, such payments will be deferred and will generally accrue interest. As of July 1, 2023, interest will accrue at the Base Rate plus an applicable margin or Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus an applicable term adjustment plus 1.0%. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the tax receivable agreement for any other reason, such payments will generally accrue interest at a rate of SOFR plus an applicable term adjustment plus 5.0% per annum until paid.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements presented in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies, except as described below, from those disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Impairment of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets

Goodwill and intangible assets considered to have an indefinite life (primarily our trade names) are evaluated throughout the year to determine if indicators of impairment exist. Such indicators include, but are not limited to, events or circumstances such as a significant adverse change in our business, in the overall business climate, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, adverse legal or regulatory developments, or a significant decline in the market price of our common stock.

If no indicators of impairment have been noted during these preliminary assessments, we perform an assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually as of the first day of our fourth fiscal quarter. We first assess qualitatively whether it is more-likely-than-not that an impairment does not exist. Significant factors considered in this assessment include, but are not limited to, macro-economic conditions, market and industry conditions, cost considerations, the competitive environment, overall financial performance, and results of past impairment tests. If we do not qualitatively determine that it is more-likely-than-not that an impairment does not exist, we perform a quantitative impairment test.

In performing a quantitative test for impairment of goodwill, we primarily use the income approach method of valuation that includes the discounted cash flow method and the market approach that includes the guideline public company method to determine the fair value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Significant assumptions made by management in estimating fair value under the discounted cash flow model include future trends in sales and terminal growth rates, operating expenses, overhead expenses, tax depreciation, capital expenditures, and changes in working capital, along with an appropriate discount rate based on our estimated cost of equity capital and after-tax cost of debt. Significant assumptions used to determine fair value under the guideline public company method include the selection of guideline companies and the valuation multiples applied.

The Company performed an interim quantitative assessment of goodwill as of September 30, 2023 based on factors outlined in Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements within this Form 10-Q, which resulted in a full impairment charge to the U.S. Car Wash reporting unit. Our International Car Wash and Maintenance-Repair, primarily comprised of the Meineke brand, reporting units have goodwill carrying values approximating $200 million and $111 million, respectively, and the fair value exceeded this amount by approximately 6% and 6%, respectively. The most sensitive assumptions utilized to estimate the fair value of these reporting units were the discount rate and revenue growth rate. A hypothetical 1% increase to the discount rate would have resulted in an impairment of $19 million and $11 million, respectively, for the Car Wash International and

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Maintenance-Repair reporting units, respectively. A hypothetical 1% decrease to the revenue growth rate would have resulted in an impairment of $4 million and $3 million, respectively, for the Car Wash International and Maintenance-Repair reporting units, respectively. Material changes in these estimates could occur and result in additional impairment charges in future periods.

In the process of performing a quantitative test of our trade name intangible assets, we primarily use the relief of royalty method under the income approach method of valuation. Significant assumptions used to determine fair value under the relief of royalty method include future trends in sales, a royalty rate, and a discount rate to be applied to the forecast revenue stream.

There is an inherent degree of uncertainty in preparing any forecast of future results. Future trends in system-wide sales are dependent to a significant extent on national, regional, and local economic conditions. Any decreases in customer traffic or average repair order due to these or other reasons could reduce gross sales at franchise locations, resulting in lower royalty and other payments from franchisees, as well as lower sales at company-operated locations. This could reduce the profitability of franchise locations, potentially impacting the ability of franchisees to make royalty payments owed to us when due, which could adversely impact our current cash flow from franchise operations, and company-operated sites.

The Company performed an interim quantitative assessment of indefinite-lived trade names as of September 30, 2023 based on factors outlined in Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements within this Form 10-Q, which did not result in an impairment charge. Based on the quantitative assessment, the fair value of indefinite-lived trade names within our Maintenance, Paint, Collision & Glass, and Platform Services segments, with carrying values of $137 million, $27 million, and $9 million, respectively, did not significantly exceed their respective carrying values. The most sensitive assumption for these tradenames is the related royalty rate and discount rate. A hypothetical 0.5% decrease to the royalty rate would have resulted in an impairment of $37 million, $2 million, and $2 million for the Maintenance, Paint, Collision & Glass, and Platform Services segments, respectively. A hypothetical 1% increase to the discount rate would have resulted in an impairment of $12 million, $3 million, and $1 million for the Maintenance, Paint, Collision & Glass, and Platform Services segments, respectively. Material changes in these estimates could occur and result in additional impairment charges in future periods.

Application of New Accounting Standards

See Note 2 of the consolidated unaudited financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting standards applicable to the Company.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Refer to the Company’s annual report for the year ended December 31, 2022 for a complete discussion of the Company’s market risk. There have been no material changes in the Company’s market risk from those disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the design effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d- 15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of September 30, 2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on evaluation of the design of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023, our CEO and CFO have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were designed effectively and will provide a reasonable level of assurance.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recently completed quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II.    Other Information

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

We are subject to various lawsuits, administrative proceedings, audits, and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these lawsuits purport to be class actions and/or seek substantial damages. We are required to record an accrual for litigation loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. Legal fees and expenses associated with the defense of all of our litigation are expensed as such fees and expenses are incurred. Management regularly assesses our insurance deductibles, analyzes litigation information with our attorneys, and evaluates our loss experience in connection with pending legal proceedings. While we do not presently believe that any of the legal proceedings to which we are currently a party will ultimately have a material adverse impact on us, there can be no assurance that we will prevail in all the proceedings we are party to, or that we will not incur material losses from them.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For a discussion of risk factors that could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, business reputation or business prospects, we refer you to Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Share repurchases of the Company’s common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands, except for average price paid per share):

Period						(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased						(b) Average Price Paid per Share						(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs						(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs1
July 2, 2023-August 5, 2023						—						$—						—						$—
August 6, 2023-September 2, 2023						1,004,836						$14.76						1,004,836						$35,173
September 3, 2023-September 30, 2023						2,596,858						$13.53						2,596,858						$—
Total						3,601,694						$13.87						3,601,694

1 On August 20, 2023, the Company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $50 million of the Company’s common stock with an expiration date of March 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has completed the purchase of all shares under the Share Repurchase Plan.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 5. Other Information

(c) Trading Plans

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or Section 16 officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number						Exhibit Description
31.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS*						XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*						XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL*						XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*						XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*						XBRL Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*						XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*						Filed herewith.
†						Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 9, 2023

DRIVEN BRANDS HOLDINGS INC.

By:

/s/ Jonathan Fitzpatrick

Name:

Jonathan Fitzpatrick

Title:

President and Chief Executive Officer

By:

/s/ Michael Beland

Name:

Michael Beland

Title:

Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

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