DYNEX CAPITAL INC - Quarter Report: 2007 March (Form 10-Q)
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
DC 20549
FORM
10-Q
Quarterly
Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
For
the quarterly period March 31, 2007
Transition
Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
Commission
File Number: 1-9819
|
DYNEX
CAPITAL, INC.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia
|
52-1549373
|
(State
or other jurisdiction of
|
(I.R.S.
Employer
|
incorporation
or organization)
|
Identification
No.)
|
4551
Cox Road, Suite 300, Glen Allen, Virginia
|
23060-6740
|
(Address
of principal executive offices)
|
(Zip
Code)
|
(804)
217-5800
(Registrant‘s
telephone number, including area
code)
|
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to
be
filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for
the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated
filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check
one):
Large
accelerated filer o Accelerated
filer o Non-accelerated
filer þ
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2 of the Act).
Yes o No þ
On
April
30, 2007, the registrant had 12,136,262 shares outstanding of common stock,
$.01
par value, which is the registrant’s only class of common stock.
DYNEX
CAPITAL, INC.
FORM
10-Q
INDEX
Page
|
|||
PART
I.
|
FINANCIAL
INFORMATION
|
||
Item
1.
|
Financial
Statements
|
||
Condensed
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2007 (unaudited) and December
31,
2006
|
1
|
||
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for
the
three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (unaudited)
|
2
|
||
Condensed
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended
March 31,
2007 and 2006 (unaudited)
|
3
|
||
Notes
to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
|
4
|
||
Item
2.
|
Management’s
Discussion and
Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations
|
12
|
|
Item
3.
|
Quantitative
and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
|
26
|
|
Item
4.
|
Controls
and Procedures
|
28
|
|
PART
II.
|
OTHER
INFORMATION
|
||
Item
1.
|
Legal
Proceedings
|
28
|
|
Item
1A.
|
Risk
Factors
|
30
|
|
Item
2.
|
Unregistered
Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
|
30
|
|
Item
3.
|
Defaults
Upon Senior Securities
|
30
|
|
Item
4.
|
Submission
of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
|
30
|
|
Item
5.
|
Other
Information
|
30
|
|
Item
6.
|
Exhibits
|
30
|
|
SIGNATURE
|
31
|
i
PART
I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item
1. Financial
Statements
DYNEX
CAPITAL, INC.
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED
(amounts
in thousands except share data)
March
31,
|
December
31,
|
||||||
2007
|
2006
|
||||||
ASSETS
|
|||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$
|
57,843
|
$
|
56,880
|
|||
Other
assets
|
4,705
|
6,111
|
|||||
62,548
|
62,991
|
||||||
Investments:
|
|||||||
Securitized
finance receivables:
|
|||||||
Commercial
mortgage loans, net
|
224,173
|
228,466
|
|||||
Single-family
mortgage loans, net
|
106,654
|
117,838
|
|||||
330,827
|
346,304
|
||||||
Investment
in joint venture
|
38,847
|
37,388
|
|||||
Securities
|
16,452
|
13,143
|
|||||
Other
investments
|
2,671
|
2,802
|
|||||
Other
loans
|
3,645
|
3,929
|
|||||
392,442
|
403,566
|
||||||
$
|
454,990
|
$
|
466,557
|
||||
LIABILITIES
AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|||||||
LIABILITIES
|
|||||||
Securitization
financing
|
$
|
206,615
|
$
|
211,564
|
|||
Repurchase
agreements secured by securitization financing
|
86,926
|
95,978
|
|||||
Obligation
under payment agreement
|
16,847
|
16,299
|
|||||
Other
liabilities
|
6,132
|
6,178
|
|||||
316,520
|
330,019
|
||||||
Commitments
and Contingencies (Note 11)
|
|||||||
SHAREHOLDERS'
EQUITY
|
|||||||
Preferred
stock, par value $0.01 per share, 50,000,000 shares
authorized,
|
|||||||
9.5%
Cumulative Convertible Series D, 4,221,539 shares issued
and
|
|||||||
outstanding
($43,218 aggregate liquidation preference)
|
41,749
|
41,749
|
|||||
Common
stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares
authorized,
|
|||||||
12,136,262
and 12,131,262 shares issued outstanding, respectively
|
121
|
121
|
|||||
Additional
paid-in capital
|
366,674
|
366,637
|
|||||
Accumulated
other comprehensive income
|
1,618
|
663
|
|||||
Accumulated
deficit
|
(271,692
|
)
|
(272,632
|
)
|
|||
138,470
|
136,538
|
||||||
$
|
454,990
|
$
|
466,557
|
||||
See
notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial
statements.
|
1
DYNEX
CAPITAL, INC.
OF
OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
(amounts
in thousands except share data)
Three
Months Ended
|
|||||||
March
31,
|
|||||||
2007
|
2006
|
||||||
Interest
income:
|
|||||||
Securitized
finance receivables
|
$
|
7,025
|
$
|
13,886
|
|||
Securities
|
324
|
546
|
|||||
Other
investments
|
739
|
227
|
|||||
Other
loans
|
127
|
107
|
|||||
8,215
|
14,766
|
||||||
Interest
and related expenses:
|
|||||||
Non-recourse
securitization financing
|
4,096
|
10,988
|
|||||
Repurchase
agreements
|
1,258
|
1,515
|
|||||
Obligation
under payment agreement
|
367
|
-
|
|||||
Other
|
34
|
(25
|
)
|
||||
5,755
|
12,478
|
||||||
Net
interest income
|
2,460
|
2,288
|
|||||
Recapture
of loan losses
|
523
|
119
|
|||||
Net
interest income after recapture of loan losses
|
2,983
|
2,407
|
|||||
Equity
in earnings of joint venture
|
630
|
-
|
|||||
Other
(expense) income
|
(545
|
)
|
133
|
||||
General
and administrative expenses
|
(1,126
|
)
|
(1,327
|
)
|
|||
Net
income
|
1,942
|
1,213
|
|||||
Preferred
stock charge
|
(1,003
|
)
|
(1,036
|
)
|
|||
Net
income to common shareholders
|
$
|
939
|
$
|
177
|
|||
Change
in net unrealized gain on :
|
|||||||
Investments
classified as available-for-sale
|
126
|
364
|
|||||
Investment
in joint venture
|
829
|
-
|
|||||
Comprehensive
income
|
$
|
2,897
|
$
|
1,577
|
|||
Net
income per common share:
|
|||||||
Basic
and diluted
|
$
|
0.08
|
$
|
0.01
|
|||
See
notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial
statements.
|
2
DYNEX
CAPITAL, INC.
OF
CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(amounts
in thousands)
Three
Months Ended
|
|||||||
March
31,
|
|||||||
2007
|
2006
|
||||||
Operating
activities:
|
|||||||
Net
income
|
$
|
1,942
|
$
|
1,213
|
|||
Adjustments
to reconcile net income to cash
|
|||||||
provided
by operating activities:
|
|||||||
Equity
in earnings of joint venture
|
(630
|
)
|
-
|
||||
Recapture
of loan losses
|
(523
|
)
|
(119
|
)
|
|||
(Loss)
gain on sale of investments
|
6
|
(24
|
)
|
||||
Amortization
and depreciation
|
(335
|
)
|
365
|
||||
Net
change in other assets and other liabilities
|
1,407
|
75
|
|||||
Net
cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities
|
1,867
|
1,510
|
|||||
Investing
activities:
|
|||||||
Principal
payments received on investments
|
15,578
|
27,435
|
|||||
Purchase
of securities and other investments
|
(5,591
|
)
|
(16,168
|
)
|
|||
Payments
received on securities, other investments and loans
|
2,811
|
5,883
|
|||||
Proceeds
from sales of securities and other investments
|
83
|
104
|
|||||
Other
|
937
|
69
|
|||||
Net
cash and cash equivalents provided by investing activities
|
13,818
|
17,323
|
|||||
Financing
activities:
|
|||||||
Principal
payments on securitization financing
|
(4,657
|
)
|
(13,009
|
)
|
|||
Net
repayments on repurchase agreements
|
(9,100
|
)
|
(12,190
|
)
|
|||
Issuance
(retirement) of common stock
|
37
|
(137
|
)
|
||||
Retirement
of preferred stock
|
-
|
(14,072
|
)
|
||||
Dividends
paid
|
(1,002
|
)
|
(1,370
|
)
|
|||
Net
cash and cash equivalents used for financing activities
|
(14,722
|
)
|
(40,778
|
)
|
|||
Net
increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
963
|
(21,945
|
)
|
||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
56,880
|
45,235
|
|||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
$
|
57,843
|
$
|
23,290
|
|||
See
notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial
statements.
|
3
DYNEX
CAPITAL, INC.
March
31,
2007
(amounts
in thousands except share and per share data)
NOTE
1 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis
of Presentation
The
accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared
in
accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all of the
information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted
in
the United States of America, hereinafter referred to as “generally accepted
accounting principles,” for complete financial statements. The condensed
consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Dynex Capital, Inc.
and its qualified real estate investment trust ("REIT") subsidiaries and taxable
REIT subsidiary (together, “Dynex” or the “Company”). All intercompany balances
and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The
Company consolidates entities in which it owns more than 50% of the voting
equity and control does not rest with others. The Company follows the equity
method of accounting for investments with greater than 20% and less than a
50%
interest in partnerships and corporate joint ventures or when it is able to
influence the financial and operating policies of the investee but owns less
than 50% of the voting equity. For all other investments, the cost method is
applied.
The
Company believes it has complied with the requirements for qualification as
a
REIT under the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). To the extent the Company
qualifies as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, it generally will not
be
subject to federal income tax on the amount of its income or gain that is
distributed as dividends to shareholders.
In
the
opinion of management, all significant adjustments, consisting of normal
recurring accruals considered necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed
consolidated financial statements have been included. The financial statements
presented are unaudited. Operating results for the three months ended March
31,
2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for
the
year ending December 31, 2007. Certain information and footnote disclosures
normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been omitted.
The
unaudited financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction
with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
The
preparation of financial statements, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and
the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates. The primary estimates inherent in
the
accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are discussed
below.
The
Company uses estimates in establishing fair value for its financial instruments.
Securities classified as available-for-sale are carried in the accompanying
financial statements at estimated fair value. Estimates of fair value for
securities are based on market prices provided by certain dealers, when
available. When market prices are not available, fair value estimates are
determined by calculating the present value of the projected cash flows of
the
instruments using market-based assumptions such as estimated future interest
rates and estimated market spreads to applicable indices for comparable
securities, and using collateral based assumptions such as prepayment rates
and
credit loss assumptions based on the most recent performance and anticipated
performance of the underlying collateral.
4
The
Company also has credit risk on loans in its portfolio as discussed in Note
4.
An allowance for loan losses has been estimated and established for currently
existing losses in the loan portfolio, which are deemed probable as to their
occurrence. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated and adjusted periodically
by management based on the actual and estimated timing and amount of probable
credit losses. Provisions made to increase the allowance for loan losses are
presented as provision for losses in the accompanying condensed consolidated
statements of operations. The Company’s actual credit losses may differ from
those estimates used to establish the allowance.
Certain
amounts for 2006 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted
in 2007.
Adoption
of New Accounting Standards
On
January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (FIN 48). FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold
and measurement attributes for the financial statement recognition and
measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.
FIN
48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and
penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The
Company’s adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material impact on the Company’s
financial statements.
On
January 1, 2007, the Company adopted SFAS 156, “Accounting for Servicing of
Financial Assets — An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 140.” This
Statement amends FASB Statement No. 140,
"Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and
Extinguishments of Liabilities",
with
respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and
servicing liabilities. This Statement requires an entity to recognize a
servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an obligation
to
service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in certain
situations and to initially measure those servicing assets and servicing
liabilities at fair value, if practicable. The Company elected the option to
measure its servicing rights at fair value at each reporting date with changes
in fair value recorded in its earnings. The Company’s adoption of FAS 156 did
not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
Effective
January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid
Instruments” (FAS 155), an amendment to FAS 133 and FAS 140. Among other things,
FAS 155: (i) permits fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial
instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require
bifurcation; (ii) clarified which interest-only strips and principal-only strips
are not subject to the requirements of FAS 133; (iii) established a requirement
to evaluate interests in securitized financial assets to identify interests
that
are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that
contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation; (iv) clarified that
concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded
derivatives; and (v) amended FAS 140 to eliminate the prohibition on a
qualifying special-purpose entity from holding a derivative financial instrument
that pertains to a beneficial interest other than another derivative financial
instrument.
Securitized
interests which only contain an embedded derivative that is tied to the
prepayment risk of the underlying prepayable financial assets and for which
the
investor does not control the right to accelerate the settlement of such
financial assets are excluded under a scope exception adopted by the FASB.
None
of the Company’s assets were subject to FAS 155 as a result of this scope
exception. Therefore, the Company has continued to record changes in the market
value of its investment securities through other comprehensive income, a
component of stockholders’ equity. Therefore, the adoption of FAS 155 did not
have any impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or
cash flows. However, if future investments by the Company in securitized
financial assets do not meet the scope exception to FAS 155, the Company’s
results of operations may exhibit future volatility if such investments are
required to be bifurcated or marked to market value in their entirety through
the income statement.
5
NOTE
2 — NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Net
income per common share is presented on both a basic and diluted per common
share basis. Diluted net income per common share assumes the conversion of
the
convertible preferred stock into common stock, using the if-converted method
and
stock appreciation rights, to the extent that there are rights outstanding,
using the treasury stock method, but only if these items are dilutive. The
Series D preferred stock is convertible into one share of common stock for
each
share of preferred stock. The following table reconciles the numerator and
denominator for both the basic and diluted net income per common share for
the
three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006.
Three
Months Ended March 31,
|
|||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
||||||||||||
Income
|
Weighted-Average
Number of Shares
|
Income
|
Weighted-
Average
Number
of
Shares
|
||||||||||
Net
income
|
$
|
1,942
|
$
|
1,213
|
|||||||||
Preferred
stock charge
|
(1,003
|
)
|
(1,036
|
)
|
|||||||||
Net
income to common shareholders
|
$
|
939
|
12,133,151
|
$
|
177
|
12,161,682
|
|||||||
Effect
of dividends and additional shares of preferred stock
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||||
Diluted
|
$
|
939
|
12,133,151
|
$
|
177
|
12,161,682
|
|||||||
Net
income per share:
|
|||||||||||||
Basic
and diluted
|
$
|
0.08
|
$
|
0.01
|
|||||||||
Reconciliation
of shares included in calculation of earnings per share due to dilutive
effect:
|
|||||||||||||
Incremental
shares of options
|
-
|
426
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||||
$
|
939
|
12,133,577
|
$
|
-
|
-
|
||||||||
Reconciliation
of shares not included in calculation of earnings per share due to
anti-dilutive effect:
|
|||||||||||||
Dividends
and assumed conversion of Series D preferred stock
|
$
|
1,003
|
4,221,539
|
$
|
1,036
|
4,362,259
|
|||||||
Expense
and incremental shares of stock appreciation rights and
options
|
-
|
52,468
|
-
|
93,589
|
|||||||||
$
|
1,003
|
4,274,007
|
$
|
1,036
|
4,455,848
|
||||||||
6
NOTE
3 — SECURITIZED FINANCE RECEIVABLES
The
following table summarizes the components of securitized finance receivables
at
March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006:
March
31, 2007
|
December
31, 2006
|
||||||
Collateral:
|
|||||||
Commercial
mortgage loans , unpaid principal
|
$
|
220,215
|
$
|
225,463
|
|||
Single-family
mortgage loans , unpaid principal
|
105,054
|
116,060
|
|||||
325,269
|
341,523
|
||||||
Funds
held by trustees, including funds held for defeasance
|
7,297
|
7,351
|
|||||
Accrued
interest receivable
|
2,302
|
2,380
|
|||||
Unamortized
discounts and premiums, net
|
(503
|
)
|
(455
|
)
|
|||
Loans,
at amortized cost
|
334,365
|
350,799
|
|||||
Allowance
for loan losses
|
(3,538
|
)
|
(4,495
|
)
|
|||
$
|
330,827
|
$
|
346,304
|
The
commercial mortgage loans are encumbered by non-recourse securitization
financing.
NOTE
4 — ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
The
Company reserves for probable estimated credit losses on loans in its investment
portfolio. The following table summarizes the aggregate activity for the
allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and
2006:
Three
Months Ended March 31,
|
|||||||
2007
|
2006
|
||||||
Allowance
at beginning of period
|
$
|
4,495
|
$
|
19,035
|
|||
Recapture
of loan losses
|
(523
|
)
|
(119
|
)
|
|||
Charge-offs,
net of recoveries
|
(434
|
)
|
(3
|
)
|
|||
Allowance
at end of period
|
$
|
3,538
|
$
|
18,913
|
The
Company identified $12,401 of impaired commercial loans at March 31, 2007,
none
of which were delinquent, compared to $13,266 of impaired commercial loans
at
December 31, 2006, one of which was delinquent and had an unpaid principal
balance of $3,170. This delinquent commercial loan was settled in March 2007
resulting in a charge-off of $437.
NOTE
5 — INVESTMENT IN JOINT VENTURE
The
Company holds a 49.875% interest in a joint venture, Copperhead Ventures, LLC,
which it accounts for using the equity method, under which it recognizes its
proportionate share of the joint venture’s earnings and comprehensive income.
The Company’s interest in the earnings and other comprehensive income of the
joint venture for the three months ended March 31, 2007 were $630 and $829,
respectively.
The
joint
venture had total assets at March 31, 2007 of $76,368, which were comprised
primarily of $39,123 of cash and cash equivalents, $33,175 of available for
sale
securities backed by commercial mortgage loans, and other assets of
$4,070.
7
NOTE
6 — SECURITIES
The
following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s securities classified
as available-for-sale, at March 31, 2007 and December 31,
2006:
March
31, 2007
|
December
31, 2006
|
||||||||||||
Fair
Value
|
Effective
Interest Rate
|
Fair
Value
|
Effective
Interest Rate
|
||||||||||
Securities,
available-for-sale:
|
|||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate
mortgage securities
|
$
|
3,765
|
5.44
|
%
|
$
|
-
|
-
|
%
|
|||||
Fixed-rate
mortgage securities
|
10,877
|
7.18
|
%
|
11,362
|
7.22
|
%
|
|||||||
Equity
securities
|
1,152
|
1,151
|
|||||||||||
15,794
|
|||||||||||||
Gross
unrealized gains
|
668
|
636
|
|||||||||||
Gross
unrealized losses
|
(10
|
)
|
(6
|
)
|
|||||||||
$
|
16,452
|
$
|
13,143
|
NOTE
7 — OTHER INVESTMENTS
The
following table summarizes the Company’s other investments at March 31, 2007 and
December 31, 2006:
March
31, 2007
|
December
31, 2006
|
||||||
Delinquent
property tax receivable securities
|
$
|
2,164
|
$
|
2,227
|
|||
Real
estate owned
|
507
|
575
|
|||||
$
|
2,671
|
$
|
2,802
|
Delinquent
property tax receivable securities includes an unrealized gain of $140 and
$41
at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. Real estate owned is
acquired from foreclosures on delinquent property tax receivables. During the
three months ended March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2006, the Company collected
an
aggregate of $223 and $609, respectively, on delinquent property tax receivables
and securities, including net sales proceeds from related real estate
owned.
NOTE
8 - OTHER LOANS
The
following table summarizes Dynex’s carrying basis for other loans at March 31,
2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively.
March
31, 2007
|
December
31, 2006
|
||||||
Single-family
mortgage loans
|
$
|
3,034
|
$
|
3,345
|
|||
Multifamily
and commercial mortgage loan participations
|
955
|
962
|
|||||
3,989
|
4,307
|
||||||
Unamortized
discounts
|
(344
|
)
|
(378
|
)
|
|||
$
|
3,645
|
$
|
3,929
|
NOTE
9 -SECURITIZATION FINANCING
Dynex,
through limited-purpose finance subsidiaries, has issued bonds pursuant to
indentures in the form of non-recourse securitization financing. Each series
of
securitization financing may consist of various classes of bonds, either at
fixed or variable rates of interest. Payments received on securitized finance
receivables and any reinvestment income thereon are used to make payments on
the
securitization financing. The obligations under the securitization financings
are payable solely from the securitized finance receivables and are otherwise
non-recourse
8
to
Dynex.
The stated maturity date for each class of bonds is generally calculated based
on the final scheduled payment date of the underlying collateral pledged. The
actual maturity of each class will be directly affected by the rate of principal
prepayments on the related collateral. Each series is also subject to redemption
at Dynex’s option according to specific terms of the respective indentures. As a
result, the actual maturity of any class of a series of securitization financing
is likely to occur earlier than its stated maturity. If Dynex does not exercise
its option to redeem a class or classes of bonds when it first has the right
to
do so, the interest rates on the bonds not redeemed will automatically increase
by 0.30% to 0.83%.
Dynex
may
retain certain bond classes of securitization financing issued, including
investment grade classes, financing these retained bonds with equity. As these
limited-purpose finance subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial
statements of Dynex, such retained bonds are eliminated in the consolidated
financial statements, while the associated repurchase agreements outstanding,
if
any, are included as recourse debt.
The
components of non-recourse securitization financing along with certain other
information at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 are summarized as
follows:
March
31, 2007
|
December
31, 2006
|
||||||||||||
Bonds
Outstanding
|
Range
of Interest Rates
|
Bonds
Outstanding
|
Range
of Interest Rates
|
||||||||||
Fixed-rate
classes
|
$
|
201,820
|
6.6%
- 8.8
|
%
|
$
|
206,478
|
6.6%
- 8.8
|
%
|
|||||
Accrued
interest payable
|
1,396
|
1,428
|
|||||||||||
Deferred
costs
|
(2,742
|
)
|
(2,848
|
)
|
|||||||||
Unamortized
net bond premium
|
6,141
|
6,506
|
|||||||||||
$
|
206,615
|
$
|
211,564
|
||||||||||
Range
of stated maturities
|
2024-2027
|
2024-2027
|
|||||||||||
Estimated
weighted average life
|
4.1 years
|
4.3
years
|
|||||||||||
Number
of series
|
2
|
2
|
At
March 31, 2007, the weighted-average effective rate of the fixed rate
classes was 6.9%. The average effective rate of interest for securitization
financing was 7.7%, and 8.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and
the
year ended December 31, 2006, respectively.
NOTE
10 - REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The
Company uses repurchase agreements, which are recourse to the Company, to
finance certain of its investments. The Company had repurchase agreements of
$86,926 and $95,978, at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively,
which are collateralized by certain of the Company’s retained interests in a
prior securitization. The repurchase agreements mature monthly and have a
weighted average rate of 0.10% over one-month LIBOR (5.32% at March 31, 2007).
The securitization financing bonds collateralizing these repurchase agreements
have a fair value of $96,581 at March 31,2007.
NOTE
11 — PREFERRED STOCK
At
March
31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the total liquidation preference, which includes
accrued dividends payable, on the Series D Preferred Stock was $43,218. There
was $1,003 ($0.2375 per share) of accrued dividends payable on the Series D
Preferred Stock at March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006,
respectively.
NOTE
12 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
As
discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2006, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants
in
litigation. The following discussion is the current status of the
litigation.
9
One
of
the Company’s subsidiaries, GLS Capital, Inc. (“GLS”), and the County of
Allegheny, Pennsylvania (“Allegheny County”), are defendants in a class action
lawsuit filed in 1997 in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania (the “Court of Common Pleas”). Plaintiffs allege that GLS
illegally charged the taxpayers of Allegheny County certain attorney fees,
costs
and expenses, and interest, in the collection of delinquent property tax
receivables owned by GLS. Plaintiffs were seeking class certification
status, and in October 2006, the Court of Common Pleas certified the class
action status of the litigation. In its Order certifying the class action,
the
Court of Common Pleas left open the possible decertification of the class
if the fees, costs and expenses charged by GLS are in accordance with
public policy considerations as well as Pennsylvania statute and relevant
ordinance. The Company successfully sought the stay of this action pending
the outcome of other litigation before the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in which
GLS is not directly involved but has filed an Amicus brief in support of the
defendants. Several of the allegations in that lawsuit are similar to
those being made against GLS in this litigation. Plaintiffs have not enumerated
its damages in this matter, and we believe that the ultimate outcome of this
litigation will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition,
but may have a material impact on its reported results for the particular period
presented.
Dynex
Capital, Inc. and Dynex Commercial, Inc. (“DCI”), a former affiliate and now
known as DCI Commercial, Inc., are appellees (or “respondents”) in the Court of
Appeals for the Fifth Judicial District of Texas at Dallas, related to the
matter of Basic Capital Management et al (collectively, “BCM” or “the
Plaintiffs”) versus Dynex Commercial, Inc. et al. The appeal seeks to
overturn a judgment from a lower court in the Company’s and DCI’s favor which
denied recovery to Plaintiffs and to have a judgment entered in favor of
Plaintiffs based on a jury award for damages, all of which was set aside by
the
trial court as discussed further below. In the alternative, Plaintiffs are
seeking a new trial. The appeal relates to a suit filed against the Company
and
DCI in 1999, alleging, among
other things, that DCI and Dynex Capital, Inc. failed to fund tenant improvement
or other advances allegedly required on various loans made by DCI to BCM, which
loans were subsequently acquired by the Company; that DCI breached an alleged
$160 million “master” loan commitment entered into in February 1998; and that
DCI breached another alleged loan commitment of approximately $9 million. The
original trial commenced in January 2004, and, in February 2004, the jury in
the
case rendered a verdict in favor of one of the Plaintiffs and against the
Company on the alleged breach of the loan agreements for tenant improvements
and
awarded that Plaintiff damages in the amount of $0.25 million. The jury entered
a separate verdict against DCI in favor of BCM under two mutually exclusive
damage models, for $2.2 million and $25.6 million, respectively. The jury found
in favor of DCI on the alleged $9 million loan commitment, but did not find
in
favor of DCI for counterclaims made against BCM. The jury also awarded the
Plaintiffs attorneys’ fees in the amount of $2.1 million. After considering
post-trial motions, the presiding judge entered judgment in favor of the Company
and DCI, effectively overturning the verdicts of the jury and dismissing damages
awarded by the jury. DCI is a former affiliate of Dynex Capital, Inc., and
management does not believe that the Company will have any obligation for
amounts, if any, awarded to the Plaintiffs as a result of the actions of DCI.
The
Court
of Appeals heard
oral arguments in this matter in April 2006 but has not yet rendered its
decision.
Dynex
Capital, Inc. and MERIT Securities Corporation, a subsidiary, are defendants
in
a putative class action complaint alleging violations of the federal securities
laws in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
(“District Court”) by the Teamsters Local 445 Freight Division Pension Fund
("Teamsters"). The complaint was filed on February 11, 2005, and purports to
be
a class action on behalf of purchasers between February 2000 and May
2004
of MERIT
Series 12 and MERIT Series 13 securitization financing bonds (the “Bonds”),
which are collateralized by manufactured housing loans. The complaint
seeks unspecified damages and alleges, among other things, misrepresentations
in
connection with the issuance of and subsequent reporting on the Bonds. The
complaint initially named the Company’s former president and its current Chief
Operating Officer as defendants. On February 10, 2006, the District Court
dismissed the claims against the former president and current Chief Operating
Officer, but did not dismiss the claims against Dynex Capital, Inc. or MERIT
(“together, the Corporate Defendants”). The Corporate Defendants moved to
certify an interlocutory appeal of this order to the United States Court of
Appeals for the Second Circuit (“Second Circuit”). On June 2, 2006, the District
Court granted the Corporate Defendants’ motion. On September 14, 2006, the
Second Circuit granted the Corporate Defendants’ petition to accept the
certified order for interlocutory appeal. On March 2, 2007, the parties
completed briefing in the Second Circuit and are awaiting oral argument. The
Company has evaluated the allegations made in the complaint and believes them
to
be without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself against
them.
10
Although
no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of the above
litigation, the Company believes the resolution of these lawsuits will not
have
a material effect on its consolidated balance sheet but could materially affect
its consolidated results of operations in a given period or year.
NOTE
13 — STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
Pursuant
to Dynex’s 2004 Stock
Incentive Plan, as approved by the shareholders at Dynex’s 2005 annual
shareholders’ meeting (the “Stock Incentive Plan”), Dynex may grant to eligible
officers, directors and employees stock options, stock appreciation rights
(“SARs”) and restricted stock awards. An aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of common
stock is available for distribution pursuant to the Employee Incentive Plan.
Dynex may also grant dividend equivalent rights (“DERs”) in connection with the
grant of options or SARs.
On
January 3, 2007, Dynex granted 82,500 SARs to certain of its officers
under
the Stock Incentive Plan. The SARs vest over the next four years in equal annual
installments, expire on December 31, 2013 and have an exercise price of $7.06
per share, which was the market price of the stock on the grant date. The
weighted-average grant-date fair value of the SAR grant was $2.71 per share.
Dynex
recognized stock-based compensation expense of $72 and $145 during the three
months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The total compensation
cost
related to non-vested awards not yet recognized was $486 and $435 at March
31,
2007 and 2006, respectively.
The
fair
value of SARs and options awarded is estimated on the date of grant using the
Black-Scholes option valuation model
using
the assumptions in the table below.
SARs
Granted
|
||||
January
3, 2005
|
January
12, 2006
|
January
3, 2007
|
||
Expected
volatility
|
13.9%-16.9%
|
14.4%-19.1%
|
17.4%-27.2%
|
|
Weighted-average
volatility
|
14.8%
|
17.0%
|
21.5%
|
|
Expected
dividends
|
0%
|
0%
|
0%
|
|
Expected
term (in months)
|
33
|
42
|
54
|
|
Risk-free
rate
|
4.54%
|
4.56%
|
4.58%
|
NOTE
14 — RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In
February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” SFAS 159 permits entities to choose
to measure many financial instruments, and certain other items, at fair value.
SFAS 159 applies to reporting periods beginning after November 15, 2007. We
are
currently evaluating the potential impact on adoption of SFAS 159.
In
September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, “Fair Value
Measurements”, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring
fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures
about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years
beginning after November 15, 2007 and all interim periods within those
fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted provided that the reporting
entity has not yet issued interim or annual financial statements for that fiscal
year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that SFAS 157
may have on the Company’s financial statements.
11
Item
2. Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
The
following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of
operations of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2007 should
be
read in conjunction with the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated
Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed
Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
The
Company is
a
specialty finance company organized as a real estate investment trust (REIT)
that invests in loans and securities consisting principally of single-family
residential and commercial mortgage loans. The Company finances these loans
and
securities through a combination of non-recourse securitization financing,
repurchase agreements, and equity. Dynex employs financing in order to increase
the overall yield on its invested capital.
The
Company continues to focus its efforts in the near-term on managing its current
investment portfolio to maximize cash flow, while evaluating longer-term
opportunities for redeployment of its capital. The Company has substantial
tax
net operating loss carryforwards, which can be used to offset future taxable
income through approximately 2019.
CRITICAL
ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The
discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of
operations are based in large part upon its consolidated financial statements,
which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of the financial
statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
Critical
accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant
judgments or uncertainties, and which may result in materially different results
under different assumptions and conditions, or the application of which may
have
a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. The following are the
Company’s critical accounting policies.
Consolidation
of Subsidiaries.
The
consolidated financial statements represent our accounts after the elimination
of inter-company transactions. We consolidate entities in which we own more
than
50% of the voting equity and control of the entity does not rest with others.
We
follow the equity method of accounting for investments with greater than 20%
and
less than a 50% interest in partnerships and corporate joint ventures or when
we
are able to influence the financial and operating policies of the investee
but
own less than 50% of the voting equity. For all other investments, the cost
method is applied.
Securitization.
We have securitized loans and securities in a securitization financing
transaction by transferring financial assets to a wholly owned trust, and the
trust issues non-recourse bonds pursuant to an indenture. Generally, we retain
some form of control over the transferred assets, and/or the trust is not deemed
to be a qualified special purpose entity. In instances where the trust is deemed
not to be a qualified special purpose entity, the trust is included in our
consolidated financial statements. A transfer of financial assets in which
we
surrender control over those assets is accounted for as a sale to the extent
that consideration other than beneficial interests in the transferred assets
is
received in exchange. For accounting and tax purposes, the loans and securities
financed through the issuance of bonds in a securitization financing transaction
are treated as our assets, and the associated bonds issued are treated as our
debt as securitization financing. We may retain certain of the bonds issued
by
the trust, and we generally will transfer collateral in excess of the bonds
issued. This excess is typically referred to as over-collateralization. Each
securitization trust generally provides us with the right to redeem, at our
option, the remaining outstanding bonds prior to their maturity
date.
12
Impairments.
We evaluate all securities in our investment portfolio for other-than-temporary
impairments. A security is generally defined to be other-than-temporarily
impaired if, for a maximum period of three consecutive quarters, the carrying
value of such security exceeds its estimated fair value and we estimate, based
on projected future cash flows or other fair value determinants, that the fair
value will remain below the carrying value for the foreseeable future. If an
other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to exist, we record an impairment
charge to adjust the carrying value of the security down to its estimated fair
value. In certain instances, as a result of the other-than-temporary impairment
analysis, the recognition or accrual of interest will be discontinued and the
security will be placed on non-accrual status.
We
consider an investment to be impaired if the fair value of the investment is
less than its recorded cost basis. Impairments of other investments are
generally considered to be other-than-temporary when the fair value remains
below the carrying value for three consecutive quarters. If the impairment
is
determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded in
order
to adjust the carrying value of the investment to its estimated
value.
Allowance
for Loan Losses.
We have
credit risk on loans pledged in securitization financing transactions and
classified as securitized finance receivables in our investment portfolio.
An
allowance for loan losses has been estimated and established for currently
existing probable losses. Factors considered in establishing an allowance
include current loan delinquencies, historical cure rates of delinquent loans,
and historical and anticipated loss severity of the loans as they are
liquidated. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated and adjusted periodically
by management based on the actual and estimated timing and amount of probable
credit losses, using the above factors, as well as industry loss experience.
Where loans are considered homogeneous, the allowance for losses is established
and evaluated on a pool basis. Otherwise, the allowance for losses is
established and evaluated on a loan-specific basis. Provisions made to increase
the allowance are a current period expense to operations. Single-family loans
are considered impaired when they are 60-days past due. Commercial mortgage
loans are evaluated on an individual basis for impairment. Generally, a
commercial loan with a debt service coverage ratio of less than one is
considered impaired. However, based on the attributes of the respective loan,
or
the attributes of the underlying real estate which secures the loan, commercial
loans with a debt service ratio less than one may not be considered impaired;
conversely, commercial loans with a debt service coverage ratio greater than
one
may be considered impaired. Certain of the commercial mortgage loans are covered
by loan guarantees that limit our exposure on these loans. The level of
allowance for loan losses required for these loans is reduced by the amount
of
applicable loan guarantees. The Company’s actual credit losses may differ from
the estimates used to establish the allowance.
FINANCIAL
CONDITION
Below
is
a discussion of the Company’s financial condition.
(amounts
in thousands except per share data)
|
March
31, 2007
|
December
31, 2006
|
|||||
Investments:
|
|||||||
Securitized
finance receivables
|
$
|
330,827
|
$
|
346,304
|
|||
Investment
in joint venture
|
38,847
|
37,388
|
|||||
Securities
|
16,452
|
13,143
|
|||||
Other
investments
|
2,671
|
2,802
|
|||||
Other
loans
|
3,645
|
3,929
|
|||||
Securitization
financing
|
206,615
|
211,564
|
|||||
Repurchase
agreements
|
86,926
|
95,978
|
|||||
Obligation
under payment agreement
|
16,847
|
16,299
|
|||||
Shareholders’
equity
|
138,470
|
136,538
|
|||||
Common
book value per share
|
$
|
7.93
|
$
|
7.78
|
13
Securitized
finance receivables.
Securitized finance receivables decreased to $330.8 million at March 31, 2007
compared to $346.3 million at December 31, 2006. This decrease of $15.5 million
is primarily the result of $15.6 million of principal payments during the
quarter, including $9.9 million and $2.5 million of unscheduled principal
payments on single-family and commercial mortgage loans, respectively.
Investment
in joint venture.
Investment in joint venture increased to $38.8 million at March 31, 2007 from
$37.4 million at December 31, 2006. This increase of $1.4 million is primarily
the result of the Company recognizing its interest in the earnings of the joint
venture of $0.7 million and its interest in the increase in the value of the
joint venture’s available for sale securities of $0.8 million included in other
comprehensive income.
Securities.
Securities increased during the three months ended March 31, 2007 by $3.4
million, to $16.5 million at March 31, 2007 from $13.1 million at December
31,
2006 due primarily to the purchase of a $5.6 million adjustable-rate mortgage
backed security. This increase was partially offset by principal payments of
$2.4 million received on the securities during the quarter.
Other
investments.
Other
investments at March 31, 2007 consist primarily of a security collateralized
by
delinquent property tax receivables. Other investments decreased from $2.8
million at December 31, 2006 to $2.7 million at March 31, 2007. This decrease
is
primarily the result of net collections on the tax liens, including proceeds
from the sale of real estate owned, of $0.2 million during the quarter, offset
by an increase in the value of the securitized liens of $0.1 million.
Other
loans.
Other
loans decreased by $0.3 million from $3.9 million at December 31, 2006 to $3.6
million at March 31, 2007 primarily as the result of scheduled and unscheduled
principal payments during the period.
Securitization
financing. Securitization
financing decreased $5.0 million, from $211.6 million at December 31, 2006
to
$206.6 million at March 31, 2007. This decrease was primarily a result of
principal payments received of $4.7 million on the associated finance
receivables pledged which were used to pay down the securitization financing
in
accordance with the respective indentures and amortization of bond premiums
of
$0.3 million.
Repurchase
Agreements.
The
balance of repurchase agreements declined to $86.9 million at March 31, 2007
from $96.0 million at December 31, 2006. The decrease was due to net repayments
of $9.1 during the period as a result of principal received on the underlying
securities being financed.
Obligation
under payment agreement.
The
obligation under payment agreement increased to $16.8 million at March 31,
2007
from $16.3 million at December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily a result
of
an increase in the Company’s estimated future payments to be made under this
agreement of $0.6 million and $0.3 million of discount amortization during
the
quarter. Those increases were partially offset by payments made under the
agreement of $0.4 million during the quarter.
Shareholders’
equity.
Shareholders’ equity increased to $138.5 million at March 31, 2007 from $136.5
million at December 31, 2006 primarily as a result of the Company’s earnings of
$1.9 million for the quarter and a $1.0 million increase in unrealized gains
on
available for sale securities. These increases were partially offset by
preferred stock dividends of $1.0 million.
Supplemental
Discussion of Investments
The
Company evaluates and manages its investment portfolio in large part based
on
its net capital invested in that particular investment. Net capital invested
is
generally defined as the cost basis of the investment net of the associated
financing for that investment. For securitized finance receivables, because
the
securitization financing is recourse only to the finance receivables pledged
and
is, therefore, not a general obligation of the Company, the risk on the
Company’s investment in securitized finance receivables from an economic point
of view is limited to its net retained investment in the securitization trust.
14
Below
is
the net basis of the Company’s investments as of March 31, 2007. Included in the
table is an estimate of the fair value of the net investment. The fair value
of
the net investment in securitized finance receivables is based on the present
value of the projected cash flow from the collateral, adjusted for the impact
and assumed level of future prepayments and credit losses, less the projected
principal and interest due on the securitization financing bonds owned by third
parties. The fair value of securities is based on quotes obtained from
third-party dealers, or, as is the case for the majority of our investments,
calculated by discounting estimated future cash flows at market rates. For
securities and other investments, the Company may employ leverage to enhance
its
overall returns on the net capital invested in these particular
assets.
March
31, 2007
|
|||||||||||||
(amounts
in thousands)
|
Amortized
cost basis
|
Financing
|
Net
basis
|
Fair
value of net basis
|
|||||||||
Securitized
finance receivables: (1)
|
|||||||||||||
Single
family mortgage loans
|
$
|
107,022
|
$
|
86,926
|
$
|
20,096
|
$
|
20,621
|
|||||
Commercial
mortgage loans
|
227,343
|
206,615
|
20,728
|
21,125
|
|||||||||
Allowance
for loan losses
|
(3,538
|
)
|
-
|
(3,538
|
)
|
-
|
|||||||
330,827
|
293,541
|
37,286
|
41,746
|
||||||||||
Securities:
(2)
|
|||||||||||||
Investment
grade single-family
|
14,165
|
-
|
14,165
|
14,439
|
|||||||||
Non-investment
grade single-family
|
356
|
-
|
356
|
548
|
|||||||||
Equity
and other
|
1,274
|
-
|
1,274
|
1,464
|
|||||||||
15,795
|
-
|
15,795
|
16,451
|
||||||||||
Investment
in joint venture(3)
|
38,847
|
-
|
38,847
|
38,080
|
|||||||||
Obligation
under payment agreement(1)
|
-
|
16,847
|
(16,847
|
)
|
(17,157
|
)
|
|||||||
Other
loans and investments(2)
|
6,176
|
-
|
6,176
|
7,050
|
|||||||||
Net
unrealized gain
|
797
|
-
|
797
|
-
|
|||||||||
Total
|
$
|
392,442
|
$
|
310,388
|
$
|
82,054
|
$
|
86,170
|
|||||
(1)
|
Fair
values for securitized finance receivables and the obligation under
payment agreement are based on discounted cash flows using assumptions
set
forth in the table below, inclusive of amounts invested in redeemed
securitization financing bonds.
|
(2)
|
Fair
values of securities are based on dealer quotes, if available. Where
dealer quotes are not available, fair values are calculated as the
net
present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at 16%. Expected
cash flows for both securitized finance receivables and securities
were
based on the forward LIBOR curve as of March 31, 2007, and incorporate
the
resetting of the interest rates on the adjustable rate assets to
a level
consistent with projected prevailing rates. Increases or decreases
in
interest rates and index levels from those used would impact the
calculation of fair value, as would differences in actual prepayment
speeds and credit losses versus the assumptions set forth
above.
|
(3)
|
Fair
value for investment in joint venture represents Dynex’s share of the
joint assets valued using methodologies and assumptions consistent
with
Note 1 and 2 above.
|
15
The
following table summarizes the assumptions used in estimating fair value for
our
net investment in securitized finance receivables and the cash flow related
to
those net investments during 2007.
Fair
Value Assumptions
|
|||||
Loan
type
|
Weighted-average
prepayment speeds
|
Losses
|
Weighted-average
discount
rate(5)
|
Projected
cash flow termination date
|
(amounts
in thousands)
2007
Cash Flows (1)
|
Single-family
mortgage loans
|
30%
CPR
|
0.2%
annually
|
16%
|
Anticipated
final maturity 2024
|
$831
|
Commercial
mortgage loans(2)
|
(3)
|
0.8%
annually
|
16%
|
(4)
|
$572
|
(1) Represents
the excess of the cash flows received on the collateral pledged over the cash
flow required to service the related securitization financing.
(2) Includes
loans pledged to two different securitization trusts.
(3) Assumed
CPR speeds generally are governed by underlying pool characteristics, prepayment
lock-out provisions, and yield maintenance provisions. Loans currently
delinquent in excess of 30 days are assumed liquidated in six months at a loss
amount that is calculated for each loan based on its specific
facts.
(4) Cash
flow termination dates are modeled based on the repayment dates of the loans
or
optional redemption dates of the underlying securitization financing
bonds.
(5) Represents
management’s estimate of the market discount rate that would be used by a third
party in valuing these or similar assets.
The
following table presents the Net Basis of Investments included in the “Estimated
Fair Value of Net Investment” table above by their rating classification.
Investments in the unrated and non-investment grade classification primarily
include other loans that have not been given a rating but that are substantially
seasoned and performing loans. Securitization over-collateralization generally
includes the excess of the securitized finance receivable collateral pledged
over the outstanding bonds issued by the securitization trust.
(amounts
in thousands)
|
March
31, 2007
|
|||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$
|
57,843
|
||
Investments:
|
||||
AAA
rated and agency MBS fixed income securities
|
23,181
|
|||
AA
and A rated fixed income securities
|
1,892
|
|||
Unrated
and non-investment grade
|
8,521
|
|||
Securitization
over-collateralization
|
9,613
|
|||
Investment
in joint venture
|
38,847
|
|||
$
|
82,054
|
|||
16
Supplemental
Discussion of Common Equity Book Value
We
believe that our shareholders, as well as shareholders of other companies in
the
mortgage REIT industry, consider book value per common share an important
measure. Our reported book value per common share is based on the carrying
value
our assets and liabilities as recorded in the consolidated financial statements
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A substantial
portion of our assets are carried on a historical, or amortized, cost basis
and
not at estimated fair value. The table included in the “Supplemental Discussion
of Investments” section above compares the amortized cost basis of our
investments to their estimated fair value based on assumptions set forth in
the
table.
We
believe that book value per common share, adjusted to reflect the carrying
value
of investments at their fair value (hereinafter referred to as “Adjusted Common
Equity Book Value”), is also a meaningful measure for our shareholders,
representing effectively our estimated going-concern value. The following table
calculates Adjusted Common Equity Book Value and Adjusted Common Equity Book
Value per share using the estimated fair value information contained in the
“Estimated Fair Value of Net Investment” table above. The amounts set forth in
the table in the Adjusted Common Equity Book Value column include all of our
assets and liabilities at their estimated fair values, and exclude any value
attributable to our tax net operating loss carryforwards and other matters
that
might impact our value.
March
31, 2007
|
|||||||
(amounts
in thousands)
|
Book
Value
|
Adjusted
Common Equity Book Value
|
|||||
Total
investment assets (per table above)
|
$
|
82,054
|
$
|
86,170
|
|||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
57,843
|
57,843
|
|||||
Other
assets and liabilities, net
|
(1,427
|
)
|
(1,427
|
)
|
|||
138,470
|
142,586
|
||||||
Less:
Preferred stock redemption value
|
(42,215
|
)
|
(42,215
|
)
|
|||
Common
equity book value and adjusted book value
|
$
|
96,255
|
$
|
100,371
|
|||
Common
equity book value per share and adjusted book value per
share
|
$
|
7.93
|
$
|
8.27
|
17
RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
Three
Months Ended
|
|||||||
March
31,
|
|||||||
(amounts
in thousands except per share information)
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||
Net
interest income
|
$
|
2,460
|
$
|
2,288
|
|||
Recapture
of loan losses
|
523
|
119
|
|||||
Net
interest income after recapture of loan losses
|
2,983
|
2,407
|
|||||
Equity
in earnings of joint venture
|
630
|
-
|
|||||
Other
(expense) income
|
(545
|
)
|
133
|
||||
General
and administrative expenses
|
(1,126
|
)
|
(1,327
|
)
|
|||
Net
income
|
1,942
|
1,213
|
|||||
Preferred
stock charge
|
(1,003
|
)
|
(1,036
|
)
|
|||
Net
income to common shareholders
|
939
|
177
|
|||||
Net
income per common share:
|
|||||||
Basic
and diluted
|
$
|
0.08
|
$
|
0.01
|
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2007 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31,
2006.
Net
interest income increased from $2.3 million to $2.5 million for the quarter
ended March 31, 2007 from the same period in 2006 primarily as a result of
the
derecognition of a pool of securitized commercial mortgage loans in the third
quarter of 2006 that contributed $0.5 million of net interest expense for the
first quarter of 2006. Interest income on cash and cash equivalents also
increased by $0.5 million as a result of an increase in the average balance
of
cash and cash equivalents and an increase in their yield of 0.72%. These
increases were offset by $0.4 million of interest expense recognized on the
obligation under payment agreement during the first quarter of 2007, which
was
not outstanding during the first quarter of 2006, and the continued decline
in
the Company’s investment portfolio of higher yielding assets.
Net
interest income after recapture of loan losses for the three months ended March
31, 2007 increased to $3.0 million from $2.4 million for the same period for
2006. Recapture of provision for loan losses increased $0.4 million for the
first quarter of 2007 from $0.1 million for the first quarter of 2006 due
primarily to improvement in the performance of the Company’s commercial mortgage
loan portfolio and the settlement of a delinquent loan at a lower than
anticipated loss.
The
Company reported $0.5 million of other expense for the first quarter of 2007
compared to other income of $0.1 million for the same period in 2006. The first
quarter other expense is primarily related to the expense recognized for the
increase in the Company’s obligation under payment agreement discussed above.
General
and administrative expense decreased to $1.1 million for the three-months ended
March 31, 2007 from $1.3 million for the same period in 2006. This decrease
was primarily the result of the reductions in expenses associated with the
Company’s tax lien servicing operations in Pennsylvania, which were reduced
during 2006 and closed effective February 2007.
18
The
following table summarizes the average balances of interest-earning assets
and
their average effective yields, along with the average interest-bearing
liabilities and the related average effective interest rates, for each of the
periods presented. Assets that are on non-accrual status are excluded from
the
table below for each period presented.
Average
Balances and Effective Interest Rates
Three
Months Ended March 31,
|
|||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
||||||||||||
Average
Balance
|
Effective
Rate
|
Average
Balance
|
Effective
Rate
|
||||||||||
Interest-earning
assets:(1)
|
|||||||||||||
Securitized
finance receivables(2)
|
$
|
342,239
|
8.20
|
%
|
$
|
723,881
|
7.67
|
%
|
|||||
Securities
|
13,143
|
9.87
|
%
|
35,617
|
6.09
|
%
|
|||||||
Other
loans
|
3,733
|
13.58
|
%
|
5,184
|
8.23
|
%
|
|||||||
Total
interest-earning assets
|
$
|
359,115
|
8.32
|
%
|
$
|
764,682
|
7.59
|
%
|
|||||
Interest-bearing
liabilities:
|
|||||||||||||
Non-recourse
securitization financing(3)
|
$
|
208,434
|
7.65
|
%
|
$
|
507,482
|
8.48
|
%
|
|||||
Repurchase
agreements
|
92,705
|
5.43
|
%
|
128,395
|
4.72
|
%
|
|||||||
Total
interest-bearing liabilities
|
$
|
301,139
|
6.97
|
%
|
$
|
635,877
|
7.72
|
%
|
|||||
Net
interest spread (3)
|
1.35
|
%
|
(0.13
|
)%
|
|||||||||
Net
yield on average interest-earning assets(3)(4)
|
2.48
|
%
|
1.18
|
%
|
|||||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$
|
56,595
|
5.22
|
%
|
$
|
20,156
|
4.50
|
%
|
|||||
Net
yield on average interest-earning assets,
including
cash and cash equivalents
|
2.85
|
%
|
1.26
|
%
|
|||||||||
(1) |
Average
balances exclude adjustments made in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, “Accounting for Certain
Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” to record available-for-sale
securities at fair value.
|
(2) |
Average
balances exclude funds held by trustees and bond issuance costs for
the
three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006,
respectively.
|
(3) |
Effective
rates are calculated excluding non-interest related collateralized
bond
expenses. If included, the effective rate on interest-bearing liabilities
would be 7.49% and 7.85% for the three months ended March 31, 2007
and
2006, respectively.
|
(4) |
Net
yield on average interest-earning assets reflects net interest income
excluding non-interest related collateralized bond expenses divided
by
average interest earning assets for the period,
annualized.
|
The
net
interest spread increased 148 basis points, to 1.35% for the three months ended
March 31, 2007 from negative 0.13% for the same period in 2006. The net yield
on
average interest earning assets for the three months ended March 31, 2007
increased relative to the same period in 2006, to 2.48% from 1.18%. The increase
in the Company’s net interest spread can be attributed primarily to a decrease
of 75 basis points in the effective rate on interest-bearing liabilities
combined with an increase of 73 basis points in the effective rate on
interest-earning assets.
The
first
quarter of 2006 in the above table includes a pool of securitized commercial
mortgage loans and the related non-recourse financing that was derecognized
in
the third quarter of 2006. This pool of securitized commercial mortgage loans
generated net interest expense of $0.6 million for the first quarter of 2006,
and its derecognition was responsible for approximately 88 basis points of
the
improvement in the net interest spread.
An
additional 30 basis points of net interest spread increase related to
improvement in the net interest spread on our securitized adjustable rate
single-family mortgage loans. The rates on these loans continued to reset higher
faster than the rates on the repurchase agreements financing these loans, which
are based on LIBOR. Net interest spread was also helped during the first quarter
of 2007 by lower level yield amortization.
19
The
following table summarizes the amount of change in interest income and interest
expense due to changes in interest rates versus changes in volume:
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2007 vs. 2006
|
||||||||||
(amounts
in thousands)
|
Rate
|
Volume
|
Total
|
|||||||
Securitized
finance receivables
|
$
|
910
|
$
|
(7,767
|
)
|
$
|
(6,857
|
)
|
||
Securities
|
231
|
(449
|
)
|
(218
|
)
|
|||||
Other
loans
|
56
|
(36
|
)
|
20
|
||||||
Total
interest income
|
1,197
|
(8,252
|
)
|
(7,055
|
)
|
|||||
Securitization
financing
|
(967
|
)
|
(5,809
|
)
|
(6,766
|
)
|
||||
Repurchase
agreements
|
203
|
(460
|
)
|
(257
|
)
|
|||||
Total
interest expense
|
(764
|
)
|
(6,269
|
)
|
(7,033
|
)
|
||||
Net
interest income
|
$
|
1,961
|
$
|
(1,983
|
)
|
$
|
(22
|
)
|
Note: The
change in interest income and interest expense due to changes in both volume
and
rate, which cannot be segregated, has been allocated proportionately to the
change due to volume and the change due to rate. This table excludes
non-interest related dividends on equity securities, securitization financing
costs, other interest expense and provision for credit losses.
From
March 31, 2006 to March 31, 2007, average interest-earning assets declined
$406
million, or approximately 53%. The decline in interest earning assets resulted
primarily from the derecognition of a pool of securitized commercial mortgage
loans during the third quarter of 2006 and scheduled and unscheduled payments
on
the Company’s adjustable-rate single-family mortgage loans.
Credit
Exposures.
The
Company’s predominate securitization structure is non-recourse securitization
financing, whereby loans and securities are pledged to a trust, and the trust
issues bonds pursuant to an indenture. Generally these securitization structures
use over-collateralization, subordination, third-party guarantees, reserve
funds, bond insurance, mortgage pool insurance or any combination of the
foregoing as a form of credit enhancement. From an economic point of view,
the
Company generally has retained a limited portion of the direct credit risk
in
these securities. In many instances, the Company retained the “first-loss”
credit risk on pools of loans that it has securitized.
The
following table summarizes the aggregate principal amount of certain investments
of the Company; the direct credit exposure retained by the Company (represented
by the amount of over-collateralization pledged and subordinated securities
owned by the Company), net of the credit reserves and discounts maintained
by
the Company in its financial statements for such exposure; and the actual credit
losses incurred for each quarter presented. Credit Exposure, Net of Credit
Reserves is based on the credit risk retained by the Company, from an economic
point of view, for the loans and securities pledged to the securitization trust.
The table includes any subordinated security retained by the Company. The
Company’s Credit Exposure, Net of Credit Reserves declined from the first
quarter 2006 by $9.7 million due to the derecognition of $279.0 million of
receivables and $254.5 million of related financing, the Company’s interests in
which were contributed to a joint venture.
The
table
excludes other forms of credit enhancement from which the Company benefits,
and
based upon the performance of the underlying loans, may provide additional
protection against losses. These additional protections include loss
reimbursement guarantees with a remaining balance of $14.9 million and a
remaining deductible aggregating $0.5 million on $14.4 million of securitized
single family mortgage loans which are subject to such reimbursement agreements;
guarantees aggregating $6.9 million of securitized commercial mortgage loans
with an
20
outstanding
loan principal balance of $73.0 million, whereby losses on such loans would
need
to exceed the respective guarantee amount before the Company would incur credit
losses; and $51.1 million of securitized single family mortgage loans which
are
subject to various mortgage pool insurance policies whereby losses would need
to
exceed the remaining stop loss of at least 100% on such policies before the
Company would incur losses. This table excludes any credit exposure on
unsecuritized other loans and other investments.
Credit
Reserves and Actual Credit Losses
($
in
millions)
Outstanding
Loan
Principal
Balance
|
Credit
Exposure,
Net
Of
Credit
Reserves
|
Actual
Credit
Losses
|
Credit
Exposure, Net Of Credit Reserves To Outstanding Loan
Balance
|
||||||||||
2006,
Quarter 1
|
$
|
724.4
|
$
|
32.0
|
$
|
0.5
|
4.42
|
%
|
|||||
2006,
Quarter 2
|
693.8
|
33.1
|
6.6
|
4.77
|
%
|
||||||||
2006,
Quarter 3
|
378.2
|
21.5
|
0.1
|
5.68
|
%
|
||||||||
2006,
Quarter 4
|
361.3
|
22.4
|
0.0
|
6.20
|
%
|
||||||||
2007,
Quarter 1
|
344.6
|
22.3
|
0.4
|
6.47
|
%
|
The
following tables summarize single-family mortgage loan and commercial mortgage
loan delinquencies as a percentage of the outstanding commercial securitized
finance receivables balance for those securities in which we have retained
a
portion of the direct credit risk. The delinquencies as a percentage of all
outstanding securitized finance receivables balance have decreased to 3.0%
at
March 31, 2007 from 7.8% at March 31, 2006 primarily as a result of the
liquidation or prepayment of several delinquent commercial loans since the
first
quarter 2006. We monitor and evaluate our exposure to credit losses and have
established reserves based upon anticipated losses, general economic conditions
and trends in the investment portfolio. At March 31, 2007, management believes
the level of credit reserves is appropriate for currently existing losses within
these loan pools.
Single
family mortgage loan delinquencies as a percentage of the outstanding loan
balance increased by approximately 0.79% to 9.04% at March 31, 2007 from 8.25%
at March 31, 2006 and decreased by 0.80% from 9.84% at December 31, 2006. The
decrease in delinquencies from December 31, 2006 is due to loans that paid
in
full or cured. The following table provides the percentage of delinquent single
family loans.
Single-Family
Loan Delinquency Statistics
December
31,
|
30
to 59 days delinquent
|
60
to 89 days
delinquent
|
90
days and over delinquent (1)
|
Total
|
2006,
Quarter 1
|
4.50%
|
0.85%
|
2.90%
|
8.25%
|
2006,
Quarter 2
|
4.51%
|
1.09%
|
2.68%
|
8.28%
|
2006,
Quarter 3
|
4.56%
|
1.28%
|
2.83%
|
8.67%
|
2006,
Quarter 4
|
4.90%
|
1.89%
|
3.05%
|
9.84%
|
2007,
Quarter 1
|
4.60%
|
0.08%
|
3.64%
|
9.04%
|
For
commercial mortgage loans, there were no delinquencies at March 31, 2007, down
from 1.36% percent of the outstanding securitized finance receivables at
December 31, 2006 as a previously delinquent commercial loan liquidated in
March
2007. The improvement in commercial loan delinquencies over the last four
quarters is the result of continued seasoning of the loans, improving economic
conditions nationwide, the contribution of and resultant risk sharing of a
commercial loan securitization with a joint-venture arrangement and the
prepayment or liquidation of previously delinquent loans. The joint venture,
in
which the Company has a 49.875%, currently has a single delinquent commercial
mortgage loan with an unpaid principal balance of $1.4 million.
21
Commercial
Mortgage Loan Delinquency Statistics (1)
December
31,
|
30
to 59 days delinquent
|
60
to 89 days
delinquent
|
90
days and over delinquent (1)
|
Total
|
2006,
Quarter 1
|
1.25%
|
-%
|
6.38%
|
7.63%
|
2006,
Quarter 2
|
1.09%
|
-%
|
5.15%
|
6.24%
|
2006,
Quarter 3
|
-%
|
-%
|
1.33%
|
1.33%
|
2006,
Quarter 4
|
-%
|
-%
|
1.36%
|
1.36%
|
2007,
Quarter 1
|
-%
|
-%
|
-%
|
-%
|
(1) Includes
foreclosures and real estate owned.
RECENT
ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In
February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” SFAS 159 permits entities to choose
to measure many financial instruments, and certain other items, at fair value.
SFAS 159 applies to reporting periods beginning after November 15, 2007. We
are
currently evaluating the potential impact on adoption of SFAS 159.
In
September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, “Fair Value
Measurements”, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring
fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures
about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years
beginning after November 15, 2007 and all interim periods within those
fiscal years. Earlier application is permitted provided that the reporting
entity has not yet issued interim or annual financial statements for that fiscal
year. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that SFAS 157
may have on the Company’s financial statements.
LIQUIDITY
AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The
Company has historically financed its operations from a variety of sources.
The
Company’s primary source of funding for its operations today is the cash flow
generated from the investment portfolio, which includes net interest income
and
principal payments and prepayments on these investments. From the cash flow
on
our investment portfolio, the Company currently funds operating overhead costs,
including the servicing of delinquent property tax receivables, pays the
dividend on the Series D Preferred Stock and services any remaining recourse
debt. The Company’s investment portfolio continues to provide positive cash
flow, which can be utilized for reinvestment purposes.
Cash
flows from the investment portfolio for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 were
approximately $4.6 million, which includes approximately $2.4 million in
principal payments on securities. These cash flows are after payment of
principal and interest on the securitization financing and repurchase agreements
financing those investments.
Excluding
any cash flow derived from the sale or re-securitization of assets, and assuming
that short-term interest rates remain stable, the Company anticipates that
the
cash flow from its investment portfolio will sequentially decline in 2007 as
the
investment portfolio continues to pay down, absent meaningful reinvestment
of
capital. The Company anticipates, however, that it will have sufficient cash
flow from the investment portfolio to meet all of its current obligations on
both a short-term and long-term basis.
At
March
31, 2007, the Company had unused capacity on uncommitted repurchase agreement
lines of approximately $10.3 million and cash and equivalents of $57.8 million.
22
The
Company intends to maintain high levels of liquidity for the foreseeable future
given the lack of compelling reinvestment opportunities as a result of the
absolute low level of interest rates, the flat yield curve, and the historically
tight spreads on fixed income instruments.
The
Company currently utilizes a combination of equity, securitization financing
and
repurchase agreement financing to finance its investment portfolio.
Securitization financing is recourse only to the assets pledged as collateral
to
support the financing and is not otherwise recourse to the Company. At March
31,
2007, the Company had $206.6 million of non-recourse securitization financing
outstanding, all of which carries a fixed rate of interest. The maturity of
each
class of securitization financing is directly affected by the rate of principal
prepayments on the related collateral and is not subject to margin call risk.
Each series is also subject to redemption according to specific terms of the
respective indentures, generally on the earlier of a specified date or when
the
remaining balance of the bonds equals 35% or less of the original principal
balance of the bonds.
Repurchase
agreement financing is recourse to the assets pledged and to the Company.
Repurchase agreement financing is not committed financing to the Company, and
it
generally renews or rolls every 30-days. The amounts advanced to the Company
by
the repurchase agreement counterparty are determined largely based on the fair
value of the asset pledged to the counterparty.
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
Certain
written statements in this Form 10-Q
made by
the Company that are not historical fact constitute “forward-looking statements”
within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
and
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements
contained in this Item as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Report
addressing the results of operations, our operating performance, events, or
developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including
statements relating to investment strategies, net interest income growth,
earnings or earnings per share growth, and market share, as well as statements
expressing optimism or pessimism about future operating results, are
forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based upon
management’s views and assumptions as of the date of this Report, regarding
future events and operating performance and are applicable only as of the dates
of such statements. Such forward-looking statements may involve factors that
could cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from
historical results or from any results expressed or implied by such
forward-looking statements. The Company cautions the public not to place undue
reliance on forward-looking statements, which may be based on assumptions and
anticipated events that do not materialize.
Factors
that may cause actual results to differ from historical results or from any
results expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include the
following:
Reinvestment. Asset
yields today are generally lower than those assets sold or repaid, due to lower
overall interest rates and more competition for these assets. We have generally
been unable to find investments which have acceptable risk adjusted yields.
As a
result, our net interest income has been declining, and may continue to decline
in the future, resulting in lower earnings per share over time. In order to
maintain our investment portfolio size and our earnings, we need to reinvest
a
portion of the cash flows we receive into new interesting earning assets. If
we
are unable to find suitable reinvestment opportunities, the net interest income
on our investment portfolio and investment cash flows could be negatively
impacted.
Economic
Conditions.
We are
affected by general economic conditions. An increase in the risk of defaults
and
credit risk resulting from an economic slowdown or recession could result in
a
decrease in the value of our investments and the over-collateralization
associated with its securitization transactions. As a result of our being
heavily invested in short-term high quality investments, a worsening economy,
however, could also benefit us by creating opportunities for us to invest in
assets that become distressed as a result of the worsening conditions. These
changes could have an effect on our financial performance and the performance
on
our securitized loan pools.
23
Investment
Portfolio Cash Flow.
Cash
flows from the investment portfolio fund our operations, the preferred stock
dividend, and repayments of outstanding debt, and are subject to fluctuation
due
to changes in interest rates, repayment rates and default rates and related
losses, particularly given the high degree of internal structural leverage
inherent in our securitized investments. Based on the performance of the
underlying assets within the securitization structure, cash flows which may
have
otherwise been paid to us as a result of our ownership interest may be retained
within the structure. Cash flows from the investment portfolio are likely to
sequentially decline until we meaningfully begin to reinvest our capital. There
can be no assurances that we will be able to find suitable investment
alternatives for our capital, nor can there be assurances that we will meet
our
reinvestment and return hurdles.
Defaults.
Defaults
by borrowers on loans we securitized may have an adverse impact on our financial
performance, if actual credit losses differ materially from our estimates or
exceed reserves for losses recorded in the financial statements. The allowance
for loan losses is calculated on the basis of historical experience and
management’s best estimates. Actual default rates or loss severity may differ
from our estimate as a result of economic conditions. Actual defaults on
adjustable-rate mortgage loans may increase during a rising interest rate
environment. In addition, commercial mortgage loans are generally large dollar
balance loans, and a significant loan default may have an adverse impact on
our
financial results. Such impact may include higher provisions for loan losses
and
reduced interest income if the loan is placed on non-accrual.
Interest
Rate Fluctuations.
Our
income and cash flow depends on our ability to earn greater interest on our
investments than the interest cost to finance these investments. Interest rates
in the markets served by us generally rise or fall with interest rates as a
whole. Approximately $253 million of our investments, including loans and
securities currently pledged as securitized finance receivables and securities,
are fixed-rate and approximately $91 million of our investments are variable
rate. We currently finance these fixed-rate assets through $207 million of
fixed
rate securitization financing and $87 million of variable rate repurchase
agreements. The net interest spread for these investments could decrease during
a period of rapidly rising short-term interest rates, since the investments
generally have interest rates which reset on a delayed basis and have periodic
interest rate caps; the related borrowing has no delayed resets or such interest
rate caps.
Third-party
Servicers.
Our
loans
and loans underlying securities are serviced by third-party service providers.
As with any external service provider, we are subject to the risks associated
with inadequate or untimely services. Many borrowers require notices and
reminders to keep their loans current and to prevent delinquencies and
foreclosures. A substantial increase in our delinquency rate that results from
improper servicing or loan performance in general could harm our ability to
securitize our real estate loans in the future and may have an adverse effect
on
our earnings.
Prepayments.
Prepayments by borrowers on loans we securitized may have an adverse impact
on
our financial performance. Prepayments are expected to increase during a
declining interest rate or flat yield curve environment. Our exposure to rapid
prepayments is primarily (i) the faster amortization of premium on the
investments and, to the extent applicable, amortization of bond discount, and
(ii) the replacement of investments in its portfolio with lower yielding
investments.
Competition.
The
financial services industry is a highly competitive market in which we compete
with a number of institutions with greater financial resources. In purchasing
portfolio investments and in issuing securities, we compete with other mortgage
REITs, investment banking firms, savings and loan associations, commercial
banks, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, federal agencies and other
entities, many of which have greater financial resources and a lower cost of
capital than we do. Increased competition in the market and our competitors
greater financial resources have adversely affected Dynex, and may continue
to
do so. Competition may also continue to keep pressure on spreads resulting
in us
being unable to reinvest our capital on an acceptable risk-adjusted
basis.
24
Regulatory
Changes.
Our
businesses as of March 31, 2007 were not subject to any material federal or
state regulation or licensing requirements. However, changes in existing laws
and regulations or in the interpretation thereof, or the introduction of new
laws and regulations, could adversely affect us and the performance of our
securitized loan pools or our ability to collect on our delinquent property
tax
receivables. We are a REIT and are required to meet certain tests in order
to
maintain our REIT status as described in the earlier discussion of “Federal
Income Tax Considerations.” If we should fail to maintain our REIT status, we
would not be able to hold certain investments and would be subject to income
taxes.
Section
404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Based
on our current market capitalization, we do anticipate that we will be required
to be compliant with the provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of
2002 in 2007. However, the measurement date for determining the compliance
deadline is June 30, 2007. Failure to be compliant may result in doubt in the
capital markets about the quality and adequacy of our internal disclosure
controls. This could result in our having difficulty in or being unable to
raise
additional capital in these markets in order to finance our operations and
future investments.
Other.
The
following risks, which are discussed in more detail in the Company’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2006, could also affect
our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows:
· |
We
may be unable to invest in new assets with attractive yields, and
yields
on new assets in which we do invest may not generate attractive yields,
resulting in a decline in our earnings per share over
time.
|
· |
Our
ownership of certain subordinate interests in securitization trusts
subjects us to credit risk on the underlying loans, and we provide
for
loss reserves on these loans as required under GAAP.
|
· |
Certain
investments employ internal structural leverage as a result of the
securitization process, and are in the most subordinate position
in the
capital structure, which magnifies the potential impact of adverse
events
on our cash flows and reported results.
|
· |
Our
efforts to manage credit risk may not be successful in limiting
delinquencies and defaults in underlying loans or losses on our
investments.
|
· |
Prepayments
of principal on our investments, and the timing of prepayments, may
impact
our reported earnings and our cash
flows.
|
· |
We
finance a portion of our investment portfolio with short-term recourse
repurchase agreements which subjects us to margin calls if the assets
pledged subsequently decline in
value.
|
· |
We
may be subject to the risks associated with inadequate or untimely
services from third-party service providers, which may harm our results
of
operations.
|
· |
Interest
rate fluctuations can have various negative effects on us, and could
lead
to reduced earnings and/or increased earnings
volatility.
|
· |
Our
reported income depends on accounting conventions and assumptions
about
the future that may change.
|
· |
Failure
to qualify as a REIT would adversely affect our dividend distributions
and
could adversely affect the value of our
securities.
|
· |
Maintaining
REIT status may reduce our flexibility to manage our
operations.
|
· |
We
may fail to properly conduct our operations so as to avoid falling
under
the definition of an investment company pursuant to the Investment
Company
Act of 1940.
|
· |
We
are dependent on certain key
personnel.
|
25
Item
3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market
Risk
Market
risk generally represents the risk of loss that may result from the potential
change in the value of a financial instrument due to fluctuations in interest
and foreign exchange rates and in equity and commodity prices. Market risk
is
inherent to both derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, and
accordingly, the scope of our market risk management extends beyond derivatives
to include all market risk sensitive financial instruments. As a financial
services company, net interest income comprises the primary component of Dynex’s
earnings and cash flows. The Company is subject to risk resulting from interest
rate fluctuations to the extent that there is a gap between the amount of the
Company’s interest-earning assets and the amount of interest-bearing liabilities
that are prepaid, mature or re-price within specified periods.
The
Company monitors the aggregate cash flow, projected net yield and estimated
market value of its investment portfolio under various interest rate and
prepayment assumptions. While certain investments may perform poorly in an
increasing or decreasing interest rate environment, other investments may
perform well, and others may not be impacted at all.
The
Company focuses on the sensitivity of its investment portfolio cash flow, and
measures such sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Changes in interest
rates are defined as instantaneous, parallel, and sustained interest rate
movements in 100 basis point increments. The Company estimates its interest
income cash flow for the next twenty-four months assuming interest rates over
such time period follow the forward LIBOR curve (based on 90-day Eurodollar
futures contracts) as of March 31, 2007. Once the base case has been estimated,
cash flows are projected for each of the defined interest rate scenarios. Those
scenario results are then compared against the base case to determine the
estimated change to cash flow. Cash flow changes from interest rate swaps,
caps,
floors or any other derivative instrument are included in this
analysis.
The
following table summarizes the Company’s net interest income cash flow and
market value sensitivity analyses as of March 31, 2007. These analyses represent
management’s estimate of the percentage change in net interest margin cash flow
and value expressed as a percentage change of shareholders’ equity, given a
shift in interest rates, as discussed above. Certain investments, with a
carrying value of $2.7 million at March 31, 2007, are not considered to be
interest rate sensitive and are excluded from the analysis below. The “Base”
case represents the interest rate environment as it existed as of March 31,
2007, at which time one-month LIBOR was 5.32% and six-month LIBOR was 5.33%.
The
base case net interest margin cash flow is $11.2 million, excluding net interest
margin on cash and cash equivalents, and $19.0 million, including net interest
margin on cash and cash equivalents.
The
analysis is heavily dependent upon the assumptions used in the model. The effect
of changes in future interest rates, the shape of the yield curve or the mix
of
assets and liabilities may cause actual results to differ significantly from
the
modeled results. In addition, certain financial instruments provide a degree
of
“optionality.” The most significant option affecting our portfolio is the
borrowers’ option to prepay the loans. The model applies prepayment rate
assumptions representing management’s estimate of prepayment activity on a
projected basis for each collateral
26
pool
in
the investment portfolio. The model applies the same prepayment rate assumptions
for all five cases indicated below. The extent to which borrowers utilize the
ability to exercise their option may cause actual results to significantly
differ from the analysis. Furthermore, the projected results assume no additions
or subtractions to our portfolio, and no change to Dynex’s liability structure.
Historically, there have been significant changes in the Company’s investment
portfolio and the liabilities incurred by the Company. As a result of
anticipated prepayments on assets in the investment portfolio, there are likely
to be such changes in the future.
Projected
Change in Net Interest Margin Cash Flow From Base
Case
|
||||||
Basis
Point Increase (Decrease) in Interest Rates
|
Excluding
Cash and Cash Equivalents
|
Including
Cash and Cash Equivalents
|
Projected
Change in Value, Expressed as a Percentage of Shareholders’
Equity
|
|||
+200
|
(3.7)%
|
14.2%
|
(0.2)%
|
|||
+100
|
(0.7)%
|
7.7%
|
(0.0)%
|
|||
Base
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||
-100
|
0.9%
|
(7.6)%
|
0.0%
|
|||
-200
|
4.8%
|
(13.5)%
|
0.3%
|
The
Company’s interest rate risk is related both to the rate of change in short term
interest rates and to the level of short-term interest rates. Approximately
$253
million of Dynex’s investment portfolio is comprised of loans or securities that
have coupon rates that are fixed. Approximately $91 million of its investment
portfolio as of March 31, 2007 was comprised of loans or securities that have
coupon rates which adjust over time (subject to certain periodic and lifetime
limitations) in conjunction with changes in short-term interest rates.
Approximately 69%, 11% and 10% of the adjustable-rate loans underlying our
securitized finance receivables are indexed to and reset based upon the level
of
six-month LIBOR, one-year constant maturity treasury rate (CMT) and prime rate,
respectively.
Generally,
during a period of rising short-term interest rates, our net interest income
earned and the corresponding cash flow on our investment portfolio will
decrease. The decrease of the net interest spread results from
(i) fixed-rate loans and investments financed with variable-rate debt, (ii)
the lag in resets of the adjustable-rate loans underlying the securitized
finance receivables relative to the rate resets on the associated borrowings,
and (iii) rate resets on the adjustable-rate loans which are generally
limited to 1% every six months or 2% every twelve months and subject to lifetime
caps, while the associated borrowings have no such limitation. As to item (i),
the Company has substantially limited its interest rate risk by match funding
fixed rate assets and variable rate assets. As to items (ii) and (iii), as
short-term interest rates stabilize and the adjustable-rate loans reset, the
net
interest margin may be partially restored as the yields on the adjustable-rate
loans adjust to market conditions.
Net
interest income may increase following a fall in short-term interest rates.
This
increase may be temporary as the yields on the adjustable-rate loans adjust
to
the new market conditions after a lag period. The net interest spread may also
be increased or decreased by the proceeds or costs of interest rate swap, cap
or
floor agreements, to the extent that Dynex has entered into such
agreements.
27
Item
4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation
of disclosure controls and procedures.
Disclosure
controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed
to
ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed
or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and
reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and
procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in
the
Company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated
to management, including the Company’s management, as appropriate, to allow
timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
As
of the
end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation
of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure
controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. This
evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation
of
the Company’s management, including the Company’s Principal Executive Officer
and Principal Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s
management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are
effective.
In
conducting its review of disclosure controls, management concluded that
sufficient disclosure controls and procedures did exist to ensure that
information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted
under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within
the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
(b) Changes
in internal controls.
The
Company’s management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in
the
Company’s internal controls or in other factors that could materially affect, or
are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal controls over
financial reporting. There were also no significant deficiencies or material
weaknesses in such internal controls requiring corrective actions.
PART
II. OTHER INFORMATION
As
discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2006, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants
in
litigation. The following discussion is the current status of the
litigation.
One
of
the Company’s subsidiaries, GLS Capital, Inc. (“GLS”), and the County of
Allegheny, Pennsylvania (“Allegheny County”), are defendants in a class action
lawsuit filed in 1997 in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania (the “Court of Common Pleas”). Plaintiffs allege that GLS
illegally charged the taxpayers of Allegheny County certain attorney fees,
costs
and expenses, and interest, in the collection of delinquent property tax
receivables owned by GLS. Plaintiffs were seeking class certification
status, and in October 2006, the Court of Common Pleas certified the class
action status of the litigation. In its Order certifying the class action,
the
Court of Common Pleas left open the possible decertification of the class
if the fees, costs and expenses charged by GLS are in accordance with
public policy considerations as well as Pennsylvania statute and relevant
ordinance. The Company successfully sought the stay of this action pending
the outcome of other litigation before the Pennsylvania
28
Supreme
Court in which GLS is not directly involved but has filed an Amicus brief in
support of the defendants. Several of the allegations in that lawsuit are
similar to those being made against GLS in this litigation. Plaintiffs have
not
enumerated its damages in this matter, and management believes that the ultimate
outcome of this litigation will not have a material impact on the Company’s
financial condition, but may have a material impact on its reported results
for
the particular period presented.
Dynex
Capital, Inc. and Dynex Commercial, Inc. (“DCI”), a former affiliate and now
known as DCI Commercial, Inc., are appellees (or “respondents”) in the Court of
Appeals for the Fifth Judicial District of Texas at Dallas, related to the
matter of Basic Capital Management et al (collectively, “BCM” or “the
Plaintiffs”) versus Dynex Commercial, Inc. et al. The appeal seeks to
overturn a judgment from a lower court in the Company’s and DCI’s favor which
denied recovery to Plaintiffs and to have a judgment entered in favor of
Plaintiffs based on a jury award for damages, all of which was set aside by
the
trial court as discussed further below. In the alternative, Plaintiffs are
seeking a new trial. The appeal relates to a suit filed against us and DCI
in
1999, alleging, among
other things, that DCI and Dynex Capital, Inc. failed to fund tenant improvement
or other advances allegedly required on various loans made by DCI to BCM, which
loans were subsequently acquired by the Company; that DCI breached an alleged
$160 million “master” loan commitment entered into in February 1998; and that
DCI breached another alleged loan commitment of approximately $9 million. The
original trial commenced in January 2004, and, in February 2004, the jury in
the
case rendered a verdict in favor of one of the Plaintiffs and against the
Company on the alleged breach of the loan agreements for tenant improvements
and
awarded that Plaintiff damages in the amount of $0.25 million. The jury entered
a separate verdict against DCI in favor of BCM under two mutually exclusive
damage models, for $2.2 million and $25.6 million, respectively. The jury found
in favor of DCI on the alleged $9 million loan commitment, but did not find
in
favor of DCI for counterclaims made against BCM. The jury also awarded the
Plaintiffs attorneys’ fees in the amount of $2.1 million. After considering
post-trial motions, the presiding judge entered judgment in favor of the Company
and DCI, effectively overturning the verdicts of the jury and dismissing damages
awarded by the jury. DCI is a former affiliate of the Company, and management
believes that the Company will have no obligation for amounts, if any, awarded
to the Plaintiffs as a result of the actions of DCI. The
Court
of Appeals heard
oral arguments in this matter in April 2006 but has not yet rendered its
decision.
Dynex
Capital, Inc. and MERIT Securities Corporation, a subsidiary, are defendants
in
a putative class action complaint alleging violations of the federal securities
laws in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
(“District Court”) by the Teamsters Local 445 Freight Division Pension Fund
("Teamsters"). The complaint was filed on February 11, 2005, and purports to
be
a class action on behalf of purchasers between February 2000 and May
2004
of MERIT
Series 12 and MERIT Series 13 securitization financing bonds (the “Bonds”),
which are collateralized by manufactured housing loans. The complaint
seeks unspecified damages and alleges, among other things, misrepresentations
in
connection with the issuance of and subsequent reporting on the Bonds. The
complaint initially named the Company’s former president and its current Chief
Operating Officer as defendants. On February 10, 2006, the District Court
dismissed the claims against the former president and the Company’s current
Chief Operating Officer, but did not dismiss the claims against Dynex Capital,
Inc. or MERIT (“together, the Corporate Defendants”). The Corporate Defendants
moved to certify an interlocutory appeal of this order to the United States
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (“Second Circuit”). On June 2, 2006, the
District Court granted the Corporate Defendants’ motion. On September 14, 2006,
the Second Circuit granted the Corporate Defendants’ petition to accept the
certified order for interlocutory appeal. On March 2, 2007, the parties
completed briefing in the Second Circuit and are awaiting oral argument. The
Company has evaluated the allegations made in the complaint and believes them
to
be without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself against
them.
Although
no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of the above
litigation, the Company believes the resolution of these lawsuits will not
have
a material effect on its consolidated balance sheet but could materially affect
its consolidated results of operations in a given period or year.
29
Item
1A. Risk Factors
There
have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A - Risk
Factors of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2006 (the “Form 10-K”). The materialization of any risks and uncertainties
identified in the Company’s Forward Looking Statements contained herein together
with those previously disclosed in the Form 10-K or those that are presently
unforeseen could result in significant adverse effects on the Company’s
financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See Item 2.
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations - Forward Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q.
On
February 26, 2007, the Company issued 5,000 shares of its common stock
following the exercise of stock options by one of its directors. The
exercise price of the stock options was $7.43 per share. The Company relied
upon Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 for the exemption from
registration for this issuance.
None
Not
applicable
None
31.1
|
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant
to
Section 302 (filed herewith).
|
32.1
|
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant
to
Section 906 (filed herewith).
|
30
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant
has
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto
duly authorized.
DYNEX
CAPITAL, INC.
|
|
Date:
May 15, 2007
|
/s/
Stephen J. Benedetti
|
Stephen
J. Benedetti
|
|
Executive
Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
|
|
(Principal
Executive Officer and Principal Financial
Officer)
|
31
EXHIBIT
INDEX
Exhibit
No.
|
|
31.1
|
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant
to
Section 302 (filed herewith).
|
32.1
|
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant
to
Section 906 (filed herewith).
|