DZS INC. - Quarter Report: 2005 March (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2005

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

000-32743

(Commission File Number)

ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(510) 777-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes  x    No  ¨

As of April 29, 2005, there were approximately 94,432,000 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

Table of Contents

ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

ZHONE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Zhone Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries (“Zhone” or the “Company”) designs, develops and markets communications network equipment for telephone companies and cable operators worldwide. The Company’s products allow network service providers to deliver video and interactive entertainment services in addition to their existing voice and data service offerings. The Company was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware in June 1999. The Company began operations in September 1999 and is headquartered in Oakland, California.

The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the current interim period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the current year or any other period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004.

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

The Company recognizes revenue when the earnings process is complete. The Company recognizes product revenue upon shipment of product under contractual terms which transfer title to customers upon shipment, under normal credit terms, or under sales-type leases, net of estimated sales returns and allowances at the time of shipment. Revenue is deferred if there are significant post-delivery obligations, if collection is not considered reasonably assured at the time of sale, or if the fees are not fixed or determinable. When significant post-delivery obligations exist, revenue is deferred until such obligations are fulfilled. The Company’s arrangements generally do not have any significant post-delivery obligations. The Company offers products and services such as support, education and training, hardware upgrades and extended warranty coverage. For multiple element revenue arrangements, the Company establishes the fair value of these products and services based primarily on sales prices when the products and services are sold separately. When collectibility is not reasonably assured, revenue is recognized when cash is collected. Revenue from education services and support services is recognized over the contract term or as the service is performed. The Company makes certain sales to product distributors. These customers are given certain privileges to return a portion of inventory. The Company recognizes revenue on sales to distributors that have contractual return rights when the products have been sold by the distributors, unless there is sufficient customer specific sales and sales returns history to support revenue recognition upon shipment. Revenue from sales of software products is recognized provided that a purchase order has been received, the software has been shipped, collection of the resulting receivable is probable, and the amount of the related fees is fixed or determinable. To date, revenue from software transactions has not been significant. The Company accrues for warranty costs, sales returns, and other allowances at the time of shipment based on historical experience and expected future costs.

The Company has an allowance for sales returns for estimated future product returns related to current period product revenue. The Company bases its allowance on periodic assessment of historical trends in product return rates and current approved returned products. If the actual future returns were to deviate from the historical data on which the reserve had been established, the Company’s revenue could be adversely affected.

The Company has an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make payments. The Company bases its allowance on periodic assessment of its customers’ liquidity and financial

5

Table of Contents

condition through analysis of information obtained from credit rating agencies, financial statement reviews, and historical collection trends. Additional allowances may be required if the liquidity or financial condition of its customers were to deteriorate.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. In assessing the net realizable value of inventories, the Company is required to make judgments as to future demand requirements and compare these with the current or committed inventory levels. Once inventory has been written down to its estimated net realizable value, its carrying value cannot be increased due to subsequent changes in demand forecasts. To the extent that a severe decline in forecasted demand occurs, or the Company experiences a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence due to rapidly changing technology and customer requirements, the Company may incur significant charges for excess inventory.

The Company’s customers include competitive and incumbent local exchange carriers, competitive access providers, Internet service providers, wireless carriers, and resellers serving these markets. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. Allowances are maintained for potential doubtful accounts. For the three months ended March 31, 2005, sales to one customer represented 13% of net revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2004, sales to two customers represented 11% and 10% of net revenue, respectively. As of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the Company had an accounts receivable balance from one customer representing 10% of accounts receivable.

The Company has elected to account for employee stock options using the intrinsic-value method in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (“APB 25”) and related interpretations. Under this method, compensation expense is recorded on the date of grant only if the current fair value exceeds the exercise price. SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, established accounting and disclosure requirements using a fair value-based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation plans. As allowed by SFAS No. 123, the Company has elected to continue to apply the intrinsic value-based method of accounting described above, and has adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123, as amended.

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) enacted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123—revised 2004 (“SFAS 123R”), “Share-Based Payment” which replaces Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (“SFAS 123”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” and supersedes APB 25. SFAS 123R requires the measurement of all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, using a fair value-based method and the recording of such expense in our consolidated statements of income. The Company is required to adopt SFAS 123R in the first quarter of fiscal 2006. The pro forma disclosures previously permitted under SFAS 123 no longer will be an alternative to income statement recognition. Although the Company has not yet determined whether the adoption of SFAS 123R will result in amounts that are similar to the current pro forma disclosures under SFAS 123 below, it is evaluating the requirements under SFAS 123R and expects the adoption to have an adverse impact on its consolidated statements of income and net income per share.

For the three month periods ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, the fair value of the Company’s stock-based awards to employees was estimated using the following weighted average assumptions: expected option life 4.0 years; dividend yield of 0%; risk-free interest rate of 4.1% and 3.0%, respectively; and volatility of 77% and 95%, respectively.

6

Table of Contents

The following table illustrates the effect on net loss and net loss per share if the fair value-based method had been applied to all outstanding and unvested awards in each period (in thousands, except per share data):

Sorrento

In July 2004, the Company completed the acquisition of Sorrento Networks Corporation in exchange for total consideration of $98.0 million, consisting of common stock valued at $57.7 million, options and warrants to purchase common stock valued at $12.3 million, assumed liabilities of $27.0 million, and acquisition costs of $1.0 million. The Company acquired Sorrento to obtain its line of optical transport products and enhance its competitive position with cable operators. One of the Company’s directors is a partner of a venture capital firm which is a significant stockholder of Zhone, and which also held warrants to purchase Sorrento common stock that were assumed by Zhone.

The purchase consideration was allocated to the fair values of the assets acquired as follows: net tangible assets - $23.4 million, amortizable intangible assets - $14.8 million, purchased in-process research and development - $2.4 million, goodwill - $57.2 million and deferred compensation - $0.2 million. The amount allocated to purchased in-process research and development was charged to expense during the third quarter of 2004, because technological feasibility had not been established and no future alternative uses for the technology existed. The estimated fair value of the purchased in-process research and development was determined using a discounted cash flow model, based on a discount rate which took into consideration the stage of completion and risks associated with developing the technology. Of the amount allocated to amortizable intangible assets, $9.2 million was allocated to core technology, which is being amortized over an estimated useful life of five years. The remaining $5.6 million was allocated to customer relationships, which is being amortized over an estimated useful life of four years.

Assumed liabilities related to the Sorrento acquisition totaled $27.0 million, the most significant component of which was long-term debt and debentures totaling $15.8 million. Following the consummation of the acquisition, the Company sold certain excess facilities acquired from Sorrento. The net proceeds were used to repay the associated long-term debt of $4.1 million and convertible debentures of $2.5 million. The assumed liabilities also included employee severance and exit costs totaling $1.6 million, which were recorded based on Emerging Issues Task Force 95-3, “Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination.” As of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, liabilities related to employee severance and exit costs were under thirty thousand dollars.

7

Table of Contents

The following table reflects the unaudited pro forma combined results of operations of the Company on the basis that the acquisition of Sorrento had taken place at the beginning of each period presented (in thousands, except per share data).

Gluon

In February 2004, the Company acquired certain assets of Gluon Networks, Inc. in exchange for total consideration of $6.5 million, consisting of common stock valued at $5.7 million, $0.7 million of cash and $0.1 million of acquisition related costs. One of the Company’s directors is a partner of a venture capital firm which is a significant stockholder of Zhone, and which was also a significant stockholder of Gluon. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition rather than a business combination, since only assets were acquired, which consisted primarily of Gluon’s intellectual property. Gluon was a development stage company that had developed a product for customer trials but had not generated any revenue to date. The Company agreed to acquire Gluon’s intellectual property and hired approximately ten of the former Gluon employees. The Company intends to incorporate elements of the Gluon technology into its future product offerings.

The purchase price for the Gluon transaction was allocated to purchased in-process research and development - $6.2 million, and acquired workforce - $0.3 million. The amount allocated to purchased in-process research and development was charged to expense during the first quarter of 2004, because technological feasibility had not been established and no future alternative uses for the technology existed. The estimated fair value of the purchased in-process research and development was determined using a discounted cash flow model, based on a discount rate which took into consideration the stage of completion and risks associated with developing the technology. Because the transaction did not constitute a business combination, no goodwill was recorded and a portion of the purchase price was allocated to the acquired workforce, which was being amortized over a two year period. An impairment charge of $0.2 million was subsequently recorded in the second quarter of 2004 relating to the Gluon acquired workforce, because the majority of the former Gluon employees were no longer employed by the Company.

Tellium

In November 2003, the Company completed the acquisition of Tellium, Inc. in exchange for total consideration of approximately $173.3 million, consisting of common stock valued at $119.4 million, options and warrants to purchase common stock valued at $7.9 million, assumed liabilities of $42.8 million, and acquisition costs of $3.2 million. The transaction was treated as a reverse merger for accounting purposes, in which the Company was treated as the acquirer based on factors including the relative voting rights, board control, and senior management composition. The purchase consideration was allocated to the fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired as follows (in thousands):

The Company entered into the agreement with Tellium primarily to improve its liquidity through the assumption of cash and to gain access to the capital markets through the assumption of Tellium’s reporting entity as an SEC registrant. The tangible assets acquired in this transaction consisted principally of cash.

Accrued liabilities related to this acquisition totaled $42.8 million, the most significant components of which included management and employee severance related accruals of $22.8 million, an assumed line of credit of $8.0 million, and facilities related exit costs of $2.4 million. Subsequent to the date of the acquisition, the Company repaid the line of credit and made payments of $16.0 million to settle the tax liabilities associated with the forgiveness of the pre-existing loans made to the senior management of Tellium, as had been contemplated in the merger negotiations between the Company and Tellium. Following the consummation of the acquisition, the Company discontinued the development efforts related to the technology acquired from

8

Table of Contents

Tellium. As a result, the Company terminated substantially all of the former Tellium employees and announced its intention to exit the Tellium headquarters facility. A roll forward of the EITF 95-3 related activity was comprised as follows (in thousands):

The remaining costs accrued under EITF 95-3 are expected to be paid by the first half of 2005.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment using a two step approach on an annual basis, or when certain indicators of impairment exist in accordance with SFAS 142. Impairment of goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level by comparing the reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill, to the fair value of the reporting unit using the market approach. The Company has determined that it operates in a single segment with one operating unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. At March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, the Company had goodwill with a carrying value of $157.2 million. No goodwill impairment charges have been recorded since the initial adoption of SFAS No. 142 in 2002, however a continued low market capitalization of the Company may cause impairment charges to be realized in the future.

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, the Company reviews long-lived assets, including intangible assets other than goodwill, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable based on expected undiscounted cash flows attributable to that asset. The amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset.

The Company estimates the fair value of its long-lived assets based on a combination of the market, income and replacement cost approaches. In the application of the impairment testing, the Company is required to make estimates of future operating trends and resulting cash flows and judgments on discount rates and other variables. Actual future results and other assumed variables could differ from these estimates.

9

Table of Contents

Details of the Company’s acquisition-related intangible assets are as follows:

Amortization expense of acquisition-related intangible assets was $2.3 million and $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for the future periods ending December 31 is as follows: 2005 (remainder of year) - $5.4 million, 2006 - $3.5 million, 2007 - $3.2 million, 2008- $2.5 million and 2009 - $0.9 million.

Inventories as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004 are as follows (in thousands):

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):

10

Table of Contents

The following table sets forth potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect would be antidilutive for the periods indicated (in thousands, except exercise price data):

The components of comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 were as follows (in thousands):

Line of Credit and Long-Term Debt

In March 2005, the Company entered into an amendment to its existing revolving credit facility with a financial institution providing for a one year extension of the term of the existing facility and an increase in the size of the facility to $35 million from $25 million. The amended agreement expires in February 2006. Under this agreement, $14.5 million was outstanding at March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, and an additional $9.0 million and $9.1 million was committed as security for obligations under the Company’s secured real estate loan facility and other letters of credit as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively. Borrowings under the line of credit agreement bear interest at the financial institution’s prime rate or LIBOR plus 2.9%, at the Company’s election, provided that the minimum interest rate is 4.0%. The interest rate was 5.75% at March 31, 2005.

At March 31, 2005, the Company had $31.8 million of debt outstanding under a secured real estate loan facility which matures in April 2006. The interest rate on this debt was 8.0% at March 31, 2005.

The Company also assumed convertible debentures relating to the acquisition of Sorrento in July 2004, totaling $11.7 million, with an interest rate of 7.5%. The outstanding principal amount of the convertible debentures was $8.9 million as of March 31, 2005

11

Table of Contents

and matures in August 2007. The debentures are callable by the Company at any time, and can be converted into common stock at the option of the holder at a conversion price of $6.02 per share.

As of March 31, 2005, the annual commitments on the $44.5 million of current and long-term debt were as follows: $3.6 million for the remainder of 2005, $32.0 million in 2006, and $8.9 million in 2007.

Leases

The Company has entered into operating leases for certain office space and equipment, some of which contain renewal options. Future minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable operating leases with terms in excess of one year are as follows (in thousands):

Warranties & Other Commitments

The Company accrues for warranty costs based on historical trends for the expected material and labor costs to provide warranty services. Warranty periods are generally one year from the date of shipment.

The following table reconciles changes in the Company’s accrued warranties and related costs for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 (in thousands):

The Company depends on sole source and limited source suppliers for several key components and on contract manufacturers to manufacture certain product lines. If the Company was unable to obtain these components on a timely basis, or if its contract manufacturers were unable to meet the Company’s delivery requirements, the Company’s operating results could be materially adversely affected.

The Company has agreements with various contract manufacturers which include inventory repurchase commitments on excess material based on the Company’s sales forecasts. The Company had recorded a liability of $4.5 million related to these commitments as of December 31, 2004. In March 2005, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with a contract manufacturer. As a result of this settlement, the Company issued a $3.8 million non-interest bearing promissory note in return for inventory valued at $1.4 million and settlement of liabilities totaling $5.5 million, which included inventory purchase commitments of $4.5 million noted above. The net impact resulted in a benefit to cost of revenue of $3.1 million. Under the promissory note the Company is obligated to pay $2.0 million in April 2005 and the remaining $1.8 million is due in four quarterly installments beginning July 2005.

In connection with the acquisition of Sorrento, the Company has recorded assumed liabilities for possible contingencies related to the resolution of a pension plan. In 2000, Sorrento sold one of its subsidiaries to Entrada Networks, Inc. In connection with this transaction, Entrada assumed all responsibilities for a defined benefit plan. Although Entrada is the sponsor of the benefit plan, it disclaims responsibility for the minimum funding contributions to the benefit plan and insists that the Company is responsible for any liability related thereto. The Company has reserved an estimated amount which the Company expects is sufficient to cover potential claims regarding the resolution of the benefit plan.

12

Table of Contents

The Company has an agreement with a vendor for the right to use certain technologies in its normal course of business. During the quarter ended March 31, 2005, the Company recorded $1.0 million related to a technology license claim, of which $0.75 million related to production licenses charged to cost of revenue, and $0.25 million related to software licenses charged to research and development. Subsequent to March 31, 2005, the Company reached a settlement in the amount recorded, for the resolution of this claim.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2005, the Company recorded $0.4 million as a charge to cost of revenue related to a customer inventory support claim. The Company expects the amount recorded will be sufficient to cover the resolution of this claim.

Sale of inventory and licensing of certain intellectual property

During the quarter ended March 31, 2005, the Company sold all inventory and certain assets related to one of its legacy product lines to a third party. The net impact resulted in a loss of $0.4 million which was recorded as a charge to cost of revenue. As part of this transaction, the Company also entered into a licensing arrangement with the third party for the use and option to purchase the technology associated with this legacy product line for up to $3.5 million. Future income associated with the technology license will be recorded when and if realized.

Letters of Credit

The Company has issued letters of credit to ensure its performance or payment to third parties in accordance with specified terms and conditions, which amounted to $0.3 million and $0.4 million as of March 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively. The Company has recorded restricted cash equal to the amount outstanding under these letters of credit.

Legal Proceedings

As a result of the merger with Tellium, the Company became a defendant in a securities class action lawsuit. On various dates between approximately December 10, 2002 and February 27, 2003, numerous class-action securities complaints were filed against Tellium in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. On May 19, 2003, a consolidated amended complaint representing all of the actions was filed. The complaint alleges, among other things, that Tellium and its then-current directors and executive officers, and its underwriters, violated the Securities Act of 1933 by making false and misleading statements or omissions in its registration statement prospectus relating to the securities offered in the initial public offering. The complaint further alleges that these parties violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by acting recklessly or intentionally in making the alleged misstatements and/or omissions in connection with the sale of Tellium stock. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount, including compensatory damages, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the actions and equitable relief as may be permitted by law or equity. On March 31, 2004, the Court granted Tellium’s and the underwriters’ motions to dismiss the complaint and allowed the plaintiffs to file a further amended complaint. On May 14, 2004, the plaintiffs filed a second consolidated and amended complaint. On June 25, 2004, the Company, as Tellium’s successor-in-interest, and the underwriters again moved to dismiss the complaint. The motions to dismiss have been fully briefed, and the parties are awaiting the Court’s decision on the motions.

As a result of the merger with Tellium, the Company became a defendant in stockholder derivative lawsuits. On January 8, 2003 and January 27, 2003, two derivative suits were filed in the Superior Court of New Jersey by plaintiffs who purport to be stockholders of Tellium. The complaints in these actions allege, among other things, that Tellium directors breached their fiduciary duties to the Company by engaging in stock transactions with individuals associated with Qwest Communications International Inc., and by making materially misleading statements regarding Tellium’s relationship with Qwest. The actions seek damages in an unspecified amount, including imposition of a constructive trust in favor of Tellium for the amount of profits allegedly received through stock sales, disgorgement of proceeds in connection with the stock option exercises, damages allegedly sustained by Tellium in connection with alleged breaches of fiduciary duties, and costs and expenses incurred in connection with the actions. These cases have been stayed by the court pending the resolution of motions to dismiss in the above-referenced federal court securities actions. The Company intends to vigorously defend the claims made in these actions, which have been consolidated.

As a result of the merger with Tellium, the Company is involved in investigations related to Qwest Communications International Inc. The Denver, Colorado regional office of the SEC is conducting two investigations titled In the Matter of Qwest Communications International Inc. and In the Matter of Issuers Related to Qwest. The first of these investigations does not appear to involve any allegation of wrongful conduct on the part of Tellium. In connection with the second investigation, the SEC is examining various transactions and business relationships involving Qwest and eleven companies having a vendor relationship with Qwest, including Tellium. This investigation, insofar as it relates to Tellium, appears to focus on whether Tellium’s transactions and relationships with Qwest were appropriately disclosed in Tellium’s public filings and other public statements. In addition, the United States Attorney in Denver is conducting an investigation involving Qwest, including Qwest’s relationships with certain of its vendors, including Tellium. In connection with that investigation, the U.S. Attorney has sought documents and information from Tellium and has sought interviews and/or grand jury testimony from persons associated or formerly associated with Tellium, including certain of its officers. The U.S. Attorney has indicated that while aspects of its investigation are in an early stage, neither Tellium nor any of the Company’s current or former officers or employees is a target of the investigation. The Company is cooperating fully with these investigations. The Company is not

13

Table of Contents

able, at this time, to say when the SEC and/or U.S. Attorney investigations will be completed and resolved, or what the ultimate outcome with respect to the combined company will be. These investigations could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and may have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The Company is subject to other legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, management does not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings could occur. If an unfavorable ruling were to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the results of operations of the period in which the ruling occurs, or future periods.

Zhone designs, develops and markets telecommunications hardware and software products for network service providers. The Company derives substantially all of its revenues from the sales of the Zhone product family. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Company’s chief executive officer, or CEO. The CEO reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues by geographic region for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. The Company has determined that it has operated within one discrete reportable business segment since inception. The Company is required to disclose certain information about geographic concentrations and revenue by product family.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2004, the Company completed the acquisition of Sorrento and began selling optical transport products for the first time. Concurrently with this development, management implemented a new internal product categorization, in which the next-generation, internally developed SLMS products are the first category. The second product category, Legacy and Service, is comprised of product lines acquired in previous acquisitions, as well as service revenue. The Legacy and Service product category includes the former MUX and DLC product categories and one legacy product line acquired from Sorrento. The third product category is Optical Transport, which consists of the majority of the product lines acquired from Sorrento. All historical product line information has been restated to reflect the new product categories.

This report, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbors created under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. We use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” variations of such words, and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. In addition, statements that refer to projections of earnings, revenue, costs or other financial items; anticipated growth and trends in our business or key markets, including growth in the service provider market; future growth and revenues from our SLMS products; improvements in the capital spending environment; future economic conditions and performance; anticipated performance of products or services; plans, objectives and strategies for future operations; and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks,

14

Table of Contents

uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, the ability to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or sustain profitability, the ability to raise additional capital to fund existing and future operations, defects or other performance problems in our products, reliance on contract manufacturers to produce our products cost-effectively and in sufficient volumes, dependence on sole or limited source suppliers for key components, the economic slowdown in the telecommunications industry that has restricted the ability of our customers to purchase our products, commercial acceptance of our SLMS products, intense competition in the communications equipment market from large equipment companies as well as private companies that have announced plans for products that address the same networks needs as our products, higher than anticipated expenses that we may incur, and other factors identified below, under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.

OVERVIEW

We believe that we are the first company dedicated solely to developing the full spectrum of next-generation solutions to cost effectively deliver next generation services while simultaneously preserving the investment in today’s networks. Most of our products are based upon our Single Line Multi-Service (SLMS) architecture. In addition, our optical transport products extend this architecture to the transport network for the efficient distribution of voice, data and video as well as other high-bandwidth services including Video on Demand (VOD) and high-definition television (HDTV). From its inception, this new SLMS architecture was specifically designed for the delivery of multiple classes of subscriber services (such as voice, data and video distribution), rather than being based on a particular protocol or media. In other words, our SLMS products are built to support the migration from circuit to packet technologies, and from copper to fiber technologies. This flexibility allows our products to adapt to future technologies while allowing service providers to focus on service delivery. With this SLMS architecture, service providers can leverage their existing networks to deliver a combination of voice, data and video services today, while they migrate, either simultaneously or at a future date, from legacy equipment to next generation equipment with minimal interruption. We believe that our SLMS solutions provide an evolutionary path for service providers from their existing infrastructures, as well as give newer service providers the capability to deploy cost-effective, multi-service networks.

Our product offerings fall within three categories: the SLMS product family; optical transport products; and legacy products and services. Our customer base includes regional, national and international telecommunications carriers, as well as cable service providers. To date, our products are deployed by over 300 network service providers on six continents worldwide, including two of the top three cable operators in North America. We believe that we have assembled the employee base, technological breadth and market presence to provide a simple yet comprehensive set of next-generation solutions to the bandwidth bottleneck in the access network and the other problems encountered by network service providers when delivering communications services to subscribers.

Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses and have an accumulated deficit of $636.5 million at March 31, 2005. The global communications market has deteriorated significantly over the last several years. Beginning in 2004, we have seen market conditions stabilize as demand for our products has increased. In addition, starting the last half of 2004 we began generating additional revenue from a new line of products we acquired from Sorrento Networks Corporation in July 2004.

Going forward, our key financial objectives include the following:

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the current interim period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the current year or any other period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004.

Acquisitions

As of March 31, 2005, we had completed eleven acquisitions of complementary companies, products or technologies to supplement our internal growth. To date, we have generated a significant amount of our revenue from sales of products obtained through acquisitions.

15

Table of Contents

We are likely to acquire additional businesses, products and technologies in the future. If we complete additional acquisitions in the future, we could consume cash, incur substantial additional debt and other liabilities, incur amortization expenses related to acquired intangible assets or incur large write-offs related to impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets. In addition, future acquisitions may have a significant impact on our short term results of operations, materially impacting revenues or expenses and making period to period comparisons of our results of operations less meaningful.

Sale of inventory and licensing of certain non strategic intellectual property

During the quarter ended March 31, 2005, we sold all inventory related to one of our legacy product lines to a third party. The net impact resulted in a loss of $0.4 million which was recorded as a charge to cost of revenue. As part of this transaction, we also entered into a licensing arrangement with the third party for the use and option to purchase the technology associated with this legacy product line.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The policies discussed below are considered by management to be critical because changes in such estimates can materially affect the amount of our reported net income or loss. For all of these policies, management cautions that actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when the earnings process is complete. We recognize product revenue upon shipment of product under contractual terms which transfer title to customers upon shipment, under normal credit terms, or under sales-type leases, net of estimated sales returns and allowances at the time of shipment. Revenue is deferred if there are significant post-delivery obligations, if collection is not considered reasonably assured at the time of sale, or if the fees are not fixed or determinable. When significant post-delivery obligations exist, revenue is deferred until such obligations are fulfilled. Our arrangements generally do not have any significant post delivery obligations. We offer products and services such as support, education and training, hardware upgrades and extended warranty coverage. For multiple element revenue arrangements, we establish the fair value of these products and services based primarily on sales prices when the products and services are sold separately. If fair value cannot be established for undelivered elements all of the revenue under the arrangement is deferred until those elements have been delivered. When collectibility is not reasonably assured, revenue is recognized when cash is collected. Revenue from education services and support services is recognized over the contract term or as the service is performed. We make certain sales to product distributors. These customers are given certain privileges to return a portion of inventory. We recognize revenue on sales to distributors that have contractual return rights when the products have been sold by the distributors, unless there is sufficient customer specific sales and sales return history to support revenue recognition upon shipment. Revenue from sales of software products is recognized provided that a purchase order has been received, the software has been shipped, collection of the resulting receivable is probable, and the amount of the related fees is fixed or determinable. To date, revenue from software transactions and sales-type leases has not been significant. We accrue for warranty costs, sales returns, and other allowances at the time of shipment based on historical experience and expected future costs. In the event that our actual costs and sales returns exceeded our estimates, our revenue and gross margins would be adversely affected.

Allowances for Sales Returns and Doubtful Accounts

We record an allowance for sales returns for estimated future product returns related to current period product revenue. The allowance for sales returns is recorded as a reduction of revenue and an allowance against our accounts receivable. We base our allowance for sales returns on periodic assessments of historical trends in product return rates and current approved returned products. If the actual future returns were to deviate from the historical data on which the reserve had been established, our future revenue could be adversely affected. We record an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make payments for amounts owed to us. The allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded as a charge to general and administrative expenses. We base our allowance on periodic assessments of our customers’ liquidity and financial condition through analysis of information obtained from credit rating agencies, financial statement reviews, and historical collection trends. Additional allowances may be required in the future if the liquidity or financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment in their ability to make payments.

16

Table of Contents

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets, including Goodwill and Other Acquisition-Related Intangible Assets

Our long-lived assets consist primarily of goodwill, other acquisition-related intangible assets and property and equipment. We review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Such events or circumstances include, but are not limited to, a significant decrease in the benefits realized from the acquired business, difficulty and delays in integrating the business, or a significant change in the operations of the acquired business or use of an asset. Goodwill and other acquisition-related intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested annually for impairment using a two-step approach, and are tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value.

We estimate the fair value of our long-lived assets based on a combination of the market, income and replacement cost approaches. In the application of the impairment testing, we are required to make estimates of future operating trends and resulting cash flows and judgments on discount rates and other variables. Actual future results and other assumed variables could differ from these estimates.

As of March 31, 2005 we had $157.2 million of goodwill, $15.6 million of other acquisition-related intangible assets and $22.9 million of property and equipment. Other acquisition-related intangible assets are comprised mainly of purchased developed technology and customer relationships. Many of the entities acquired by us do not have significant tangible assets; as a result, a significant portion of the purchase price is typically allocated to intangible assets and goodwill. Our future operating performance will be impacted by the future amortization of intangible assets, potential charges related to purchased in-process research and development for future acquisitions, and potential impairment charges related to goodwill. Accordingly, the allocation of the purchase price of the acquired companies to intangible assets and goodwill has a significant impact on our future operating results. The allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows expected to be generated by the acquired assets and the appropriate discount rate for these cash flows. Should different conditions prevail, we would have to perform an impairment review that might result in material write-downs of intangible assets and/or goodwill. Other factors we consider important which could trigger an impairment review, include, but are not limited to, significant changes in the manner of use of our acquired assets, significant changes in the strategy for our overall business or significant negative economic trends. If this evaluation indicates that the value of an intangible asset or long-lived asset may be impaired, an assessment of the recoverability of the net carrying value of the asset over its remaining useful life is made. If this assessment indicates that the cost of an intangible asset or long-lived asset is not recoverable, based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows or other comparable market valuations of the entity or technology acquired over the remaining amortization or depreciation period, the net carrying value of the related intangible asset or long-lived asset will be reduced to fair value and the remaining amortization or depreciation period may be adjusted. For example, in the fourth quarter of 2002, we recorded approximately $50.8 million of impairment in property, plant and equipment and other assets. Due to uncertain market conditions and potential changes in our strategy and product portfolio, it is possible that forecasts used to support our intangible assets may change in the future, which could result in additional non-cash charges that would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We list in the tables below the historical condensed consolidated statement of operations data as a percentage of revenue for the periods indicated.

17

Table of Contents

Revenue

Information about our revenue for products and services for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 is summarized below (in millions):

Information about our revenue for North America and International markets for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 is summarized below (in millions):

Information about our revenue by product line for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004 is summarized below (in millions):

For the three months ended March 31, 2005, revenue increased 31% or $6.6 million to $27.6 million from $21.0 million for the same period last year. The increase was primarily due to incremental revenue associated with the acquisition of our new optical transport product line from Sorrento in July 2004.

Product revenue accounted for the majority of the total increase in revenue, while service revenue increased modestly. Revenue from international customers increased 103% or $3.3 million, while revenue from North American customers increased 19% or $3.3 million. International revenue represented 24% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005 as compared to 15% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2004. The significant increase in international revenue reflects the increasing opportunity for our next generation products in both existing and new network deployments at international carriers as well as incremental revenue from our new optical transport product line.

Revenue for our SLMS product family increased by $1.8 million or 25% for the three months ended March 31, 2005. Revenue for our Legacy and Service product family, which includes the former MUX and DLC product categories, decreased by $1.0 million or 7% compared to the same period last year. Revenue for our Optical Transport product family was $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005. There was no Optical Transport product family revenue in the quarter ended March 31, 2004 as this product was acquired in July 2004.

While we anticipate focusing our sales and marketing efforts on our SLMS and Optical Transport product families, revenue from the Legacy and Service product family is expected to continue to represent the majority of our total revenue, at least in the near term, given the current trends in service provider capital spending, which tend to focus more on supporting legacy type revenue generating activities rather than investing in newer, more technologically advanced types of products. We expect that over time, the product mix

18

Table of Contents

will continue to shift towards next generation products in SLMS and Optical Transport, with Legacy and Service revenues remaining flat or declining as a percentage of total revenues. However in any given quarter, revenue from the Legacy and Service product family may fluctuate significantly, due to seasonal and other variations in the purchasing patterns for the major customers of these products.

During the three months ended March 31, 2005, one customer accounted for 13% of total revenue. No other customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenue in the period. Although our largest customers have varied over time, we anticipate that our results of operations in any given period will continue to depend to a great extent on sales to a small number of large accounts. As a result, our revenue for any quarter may be subject to significant volatility based upon changes in orders from one or a small number of key customers.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

For the three months ended March 31, 2005, cost of revenue increased $3.6 million to $15.6 million compared to $12.0 million for the same period last year. Total cost of revenue was 57% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004. During the three months ended March 31, 2005, several infrequent transactions took place, including a benefit related to a settlement agreement with a contract manufacturer of $3.1 million, offset by contingent liability charges related to certain vendor and customer claims of $1.1 million, a loss on sale of inventory related to a legacy product line of $0.4 million, as well as certain pricing discounts given to specific customers during the quarter which had a negative impact to gross profit of $1.4 million. These discounts were offered in order to gain strategic customer relationships in certain international regions. The net impact of these transactions to gross profit was a $0.2 million benefit which represented less than one percent of revenue. See note 7 for a discussion of contingent liabilities and other commitments.

We expect that our cost of revenue will vary as a percentage of net revenue depending on the mix and average selling prices of products sold. We anticipate that competitive and economic pressures could cause us to reduce our prices, adjust the carrying values of our inventory, or record inventory charges relating to discontinued products and excess or obsolete inventory.

Research and Product Development Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2005, research and product development expenses decreased slightly to $5.9 million compared to $6.0 million for the same period last year. The decrease was primarily due to the closure of certain R&D facilities in an effort to consolidate operations, partially offset by increased research and development activities to support new products.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2005, sales and marketing expenses increased 31% or $1.4 million to $6.1 million compared to $4.7 million for the same period last year. The increase was attributable to higher salaries and commissions associated with the Company’s 31% revenue growth. The increase was also due to higher travel and marketing expenses due to increased participation in various trade shows.

General and Administrative Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2005, general and administrative expenses decreased 18% or $0.5 million to $2.0 million compared to $2.5 million for the same period last year. The significant decrease relates to lease termination charges incurred in the same period last year.

Purchased In-Process Research and Development Expense

For the three months ended March 31, 2004, we recorded a charge of $6.2 million for purchased in-process research and development expenses relating to the acquisition of the assets of Gluon. The amount was charged to expense in the past because technological feasibility had not been established and no future alternative uses for the technology existed. The estimated fair value of the purchased in-process research and development was determined using a discounted cash flow model, based on a discount rate which took into consideration the stage of completion and risks associated with developing the technology.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

For the three months ended March 31, 2005, stock-based compensation expense was $0.2 million, compared to $0.6 million for the same period last year. Stock-based compensation expense primarily resulted from the difference between the fair value of our common stock and the exercise price for stock options granted to employees on the date of grant. We amortize the resulting deferred compensation over the vesting periods of the applicable options using an accelerated method, which can result in a net credit to stock-based compensation expense during a particular period, if the amount reversed due to the forfeiture of unvested shares exceeds the amortization of deferred compensation.

19

Table of Contents

For the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, stock-based compensation expense consisted of (in thousands):

Amortization and Impairment of Intangibles

For the three months ended March 31, 2005, amortization and impairment of intangibles increased by $0.2 million compared to the same period in the previous year. The increase was primarily due to the incremental amortization relating to the Sorrento acquisition.

Other Expense, Net

For the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2004, other expense, net was comprised as follows (in thousands):

Interest expense decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2005 as compared to the same period last year due primarily to repayment of debt.

Interest income decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2005 as compared to the same period last year due primarily to lower average balances of cash and short-term investments.

Income Tax Provision

During the three months ended March 31, 2005 and March 31, 2004, no material provision or benefit for income taxes was recorded, due to our recurring operating losses and the significant uncertainty regarding the realization of our net deferred tax assets, against which we have recorded a full valuation allowance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have financed our operations through private sales of capital stock and borrowings under various debt arrangements. Following the completion of our merger with Tellium in November 2003, in which our common stock became publicly traded, we have financed and expect to continue to finance our operations through a combination of our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, available credit facilities, and sales of equity and debt instruments, based on our operating requirements and market conditions.

At March 31, 2005, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, all of which are available to fund current operations, were $61.1 million. This amount includes cash and cash equivalents of $41.7 million, as compared with $46.6 million at December 31, 2004. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents was attributable to cash used in operating activities of $3.6 million and in investing activities of $1.3 million.

Net cash used in operating activities consisted of the net loss of $5.1 million, adjusted for non-cash charges totaling $(2.8) million and changes in operating assets and liabilities totaling $1.3 million. The most significant components of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were an increase in inventory of $5.8 million and decrease in accrued liabilities of $4.1 million, offset by an increase in accounts payable of $6.6 million and a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.0 million.

20

Table of Contents

Net cash used in investing activities consisted primarily of net purchase of short-term investments of $0.9 million and purchases of property and equipment of $0.4 million. Net cash used in financing activities consisted primarily of repayment of debt of $0.6 million offset by $0.6 million in proceeds from issuance of common stock.

As a result of the financial demands of major network deployments and the difficulty in accessing capital markets, network service providers continue to request financing assistance from their suppliers. From time to time we may provide or commit to extend credit or credit support to our customers. This financing may include extending credit to customers or guaranteeing the indebtedness of customers to third parties. Depending upon market conditions, we may seek to factor these arrangements to financial institutions and investors to free up our capital and reduce the amount of our financial commitments for such arrangements. Our ability to provide customer financing is limited and depends upon a number of factors, including our capital structure, the level of our available credit and our ability to factor commitments to third parties. Any extension of financing to our customers will limit the capital that we have available for other uses. Currently, we do not have any significant customer financing related commitments.

Our primary source of liquidity comes from our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, which totaled $61.1 million at March 31, 2005, and our $35.0 million line of credit agreement, under which $14.5 million was outstanding at March 31, 2005, and an additional $9.0 million was committed as security for obligations under our secured real estate loan facility and other letters of credit. Borrowings under the line of credit agreement bear interest at the financial institution’s prime rate or LIBOR plus 2.9%, at our election, provided that the minimum interest rate is 4.0%. The interest rate was 5.75% at March 31, 2005. Our short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale and consist of securities that are readily convertible to cash, including certificates of deposits, commercial paper and government securities, with original maturities at the date of acquisition ranging from 90 days to one year. At current revenue levels, we anticipate that some portion of our existing cash and cash equivalents and investments will continue to be consumed by operations.

In March 2004, we filed a Form S-3 Registration Statement which allows us to sell, from time to time, up to $100 million of our common stock or other securities. Although we may use this multi-purpose shelf registration to raise additional capital, there can be no certainty as to when or if we may offer any securities under the shelf registration or what the terms of any such offering would be.

Our accounts receivable, while not considered a primary source of liquidity, represents a concentration of credit risk because a significant portion of the accounts receivable balance at any point in time typically consists of a relatively small number of customer account balances. At March 31, 2005, one customer represented 10% of our total accounts receivable balance. Our fixed commitments for cash expenditures consist primarily of payments under operating leases, inventory purchase commitments, and payments of principal and interest for debt obligations. We do not currently have any material commitments for capital expenditures, or any other material commitments aside from operating leases for our facilities, inventory purchase commitments and debt. We currently intend to fund our operations for the foreseeable future using our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and liquidity available under our line of credit agreement.

Based on our current plans and business conditions, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and available credit facilities will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.

Contractual Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At March 31, 2005 our future contractual commitments by fiscal year were as follows (in thousands):