E2open Parent Holdings, Inc. - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021

For the Transition Period from                to                .

Commission File Number 001-39272

E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued it audit report.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒

As of August 31, 2020, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s Class A ordinary shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $425,592,000 based on the closing sale price of $10.28 as reported on The New York Stock Exchange. The Class A ordinary shares automatically converted into Class A common stock in connection with the Domestication, as defined herein.

There were 187,051,142 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of May 14, 2021.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: None

E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (2021 Form 10-K) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities law. These forward-looking statements give E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.’s (we, our, us, Company or E2open) current expectations and include projections of results of operations or financial condition or forecasts of future events. Words such as “may,” “can,” “should,” “will,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “seek,” “target” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements. Without limiting the generality of the forgoing, forward-looking statements contained in this document include our expectations regarding our future growth, operational and financial performance and business prospects and opportunities.

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this 2021 Form 10-K and management’s current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside our control and our directors, officers and affiliates. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. We do not undertake any obligation to update, add or to otherwise correct any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events, inaccuracies that become apparent after the date hereof or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include:

For a further discussion of these and other factors that could impact our future results and performance, see Part I, Item 1A., Risk Factors.

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Business Combination

On February 4, 2021 (Closing Date), CC Neuberger Principal Holdings I (CCNB1) consummated the Business Combination (as defined below), pursuant to which it acquired E2open Holdings, LLC and its operating subsidiaries (collectively, E2open) (the acquisition is referred to herein as the Business Combination). In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 14, 2020, various entities merged with and into E2open, with E2open surviving the merger as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of CCBN1. CCBN1 changed its name to E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.

The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for CCNB1 was filed with the SEC on May 5, 2021 and contains a description of the blank check company prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. As a February 28 year end company, this 2021 Form 10-K describes the operations of E2open and contains the financial results of E2open for the period both before and after the Business Combination through February 28, 2021.

Further information regarding the Business Combination is set forth in (1) our Definitive Proxy statement filed with the SEC on January 12, 2021 (Proxy Statement) and (2) our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 10, 2021.

PART I

Item 1.  Business

Company Overview

We are a leading provider of 100% cloud-based, end-to-end SCM software. We generate revenue from the sale of software subscriptions and professional services. Our software combines networks, data and applications to provide a deeply embedded, mission-critical platform that allows customers to optimize their supply chain by accelerating growth, reducing costs, increasing visibility and driving improved resiliency. Given the mission-critical nature of our solutions, we maintain long-term relationships with our customers, which is reflected by our high gross retention and average customer tenure. In aggregate, we serve more than 1,200 customers in over 180 countries across a wide range of end-markets, including technology, consumer, industrial and transportation, among others.

We operate in what we believe is an attractive industry with strong secular tailwinds and a TAM of more than $45 billion. This TAM is comprised of significant whitespace, which we estimate is more than $1 billion. This opportunity within our existing customer base is largely driven by their current technology solution which is often a combination of legacy point solutions and home-grown applications, many of which are tied together with manual processes and spreadsheets. As manufacturing has evolved from brands owning the full production lifecycle to orchestrating disparate manufacturing, distribution and selling processes, supply chains have grown more complex, increasing demand for software solutions like ours and the need to modernize the existing technology landscape with cloud-based modern solutions. We believe our fully cloud-based, end-to-end software platform offers a differentiated solution for customers that gives them better value as compared to solutions offered by some of our competitors.

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Our Platform

Our harmonized SaaS platform brings together networks, data and applications to facilitate end-to-end supply chain visibility across planning, execution and procurement and delivers a strong value proposition.

Network

Our network combines four distinct, but connected, ecosystems: Demand, Supply, Logistics and Global Trade, which we estimate supports more than 220,000 trading partners and captures more than eight billion transaction data points each year.

Our Demand ecosystem represents the global footprint established by retailers, distributors, re-sellers and those who sell goods primarily through online channels. We estimate that we process over $2 billion in claims every quarter, more than 40 million channel sales transactions every month and over 94 million channel inventory transactions every month.

Our Supply ecosystem is comprised of companies and other participants for which we source components and materials and/or provide manufacturing capacity for the production of goods. We estimate that, at any moment in time, we oversee an average of more than 58 million shipments as well as process an average of over 61 million orders and 17 million invoices for our customers and supply and manufacturing network participants based on samples taken over a 12-month period.

Our Logistics ecosystem includes global logistics services that transport components, raw materials and finished goods across all modes. We estimate that we facilitate over 26% of global ocean container bookings within this ecosystem in addition to tracking the movement of over 46 million containers every month.

Our Global Trade ecosystem allows participants to automate the global movement of goods and facilitate cross-border transactions for businesses, which we believe is increasingly important given the velocity with which import and export laws change on a global scale. This ecosystem provides our network with data on trade regulations across more than 180 countries that we estimate supports annual processing of over 12 million export pre-customs entry lines, 15 million free trade agreement bill of materials qualifications and 92 million restricted party-list screenings, annually.

Our network connects participants across all of these ecosystems, enabling customers to analyze data, identify problems proactively and optimize asset efficiency. We are a leading provider with a unique network of ecosystems, and do not rely on third party providers for network information.

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Data

Our proprietary algorithms capture the data within our network ecosystems that feed our solutions to deliver compelling value to our customers. Additionally, our customers can combine internal and external vendor data with our network to drive informed decision-making based on real-time information. We believe our ability to capture and harmonize data from our customers and their trading partners in any native format demonstrates the strong capabilities of our software architecture and integrated data model. We believe that our combination of network ecosystems, data and applications providing end-to-end supply chain visibility and connecting more than 220,000 trading partners is unique.

Applications

Our end-to-end applications provide artificial intelligence and machine learning-based advanced analytics to help customers gain insights for enhanced decision-making across supply chain planning, execution and procurement functions. Our applications are organized into seven product families: Channel Shaping, Demand Sensing, Business Planning, Global Trade Management, Transportation and Logistics, Collaborative Manufacturing and Supply Management.

Channel Shaping allows customers to optimize activity across retail, distributor and online channels, which includes capabilities for partner selection, aligning market incentives, managing on-shelf availability, tracking sell-through and inventory as well as managing performance incentives.

Demand Sensing utilizes artificial intelligence and machine learning to forecast demand based on historical trends, current sell-through dynamics, weather and other relevant factors.

Business Planning helps ensure optimized global performance through scenario-based planning and execution algorithms balancing supply, demand, inventory and financial targets.

Global Trade Management automates import and export processes to enable efficient and compliant cross-border trade while optimizing customs duties and reducing broker fees.

Transportation and Logistics orchestrates the movement of goods by allowing customers to connect with key stakeholders to optimize carriers, simplify tendering, track shipments and streamline payments.

Collaborative Manufacturing provides comprehensive visibility into internal and external manufacturing activities by monitoring yields, quality, cycle-times/utilization and other key indicators to track performance, identify deficiencies and facilitate corrective actions.

Supply Management ensures the continuity of supply by orchestrating procurement, capacity, inventory management and drop-ship fulfilment across multiple-tiers of the manufacturing process.

Competitive Strengths

We believe the following competitive strengths will contribute to our ongoing success.

Attractive Industry Tailwinds and Large TAM

We participate in the growing SCM software industry. We estimate that the TAM is more than $45 billion across North America and Europe, and we anticipate this market will continue to grow. Several secular trends are increasing the demand for SCM software, including:

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We believe that the TAM has approximately 85% whitespace for modern SCM solutions. Many companies currently rely on legacy on premise applications or homegrown and/or spreadsheet-based solutions created over time, each of which require significant manual effort to achieve end-to-end supply chain visibility. Moreover, these SCM solutions often rely on latent and one-off point-to-point connections with partners for collecting data. These alternatives provide less value and are significantly more error prone, creating an attractive competitive dynamic within the industry for modern SCM software providers where there is significant opportunity to grow without the need to replace an incumbent competitor. We believe there is more than $1 billion of whitespace for the solutions we already offer, which we believe provides very actionable growth opportunities through expanding our existing customer relationships.

Category-Defining End-to-End Provider of Mission-Critical Software

As businesses have transitioned from being owners of the production lifecycle to orchestrators of discrete manufacturing, distribution and selling processes, they have increasingly looked to software solutions to manage this growing complexity. However, most SCM software has not been designed to address these challenges comprehensively, and manufacturers often employ multiple point solutions with siloed data and processes that inhibit visibility, resulting in sub-optimal decision-making based on inaccurate or outdated information. Our approach, which is built around a cloud-based SaaS platform with end-to-end visibility and real-time, network-powered data, provides best-of-breed functionality across the supply chain and facilitates optimal supply chain performance.

As described above, we operate a software platform that integrates network ecosystems, data and applications across a harmonized and simplified user interface, driving a compelling value proposition and return on investment for our customers. This has created a mission-critical software solution and long-term relationships with customers as evidenced by our high gross retention rate. Additionally, we have been widely recognized as a differentiated leader by Gartner, International Data Corporation, Nucleus and others in the realm of multi-enterprise solutions, which we believe will be the future of SCM software. In May 2021, E2open was placed by Gartner in the Leaders quadrant with the highest ability to execute and completeness of vision in its 2021 Magic Quadrant for Multienterprise Supply Chain Business Networks for the second year in a row.

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Strong Network Effects Enhanced by a Flexible and Integrated Data Model

Our core offerings are underpinned by an integrated data model that facilitates the flow and processing of data for participants across several ecosystems and applications. This model facilitates low latency, “many-to-one-to-many” data exchange across trading partner ecosystems. The combination of our integrated and flexible data model along with the four network ecosystems powers our customers’ solutions allowing them to efficiently orchestrate their end-to-end supply chains. This architecture is designed to ensure that each participant and data source within these ecosystems enhances our applications, which in turn improves the network and the value we deliver to our customers and participants alike.

Our software architecture and ability to harmonize disparate forms of data create a scalable software platform that can efficiently integrate acquisitions and new product applications seamlessly into a consolidated and holistic SaaS solution. Our software architecture and this ability has been a driving force behind our robust track-record of successful acquisition integrations, and we believe our scalable platform will allow us to generate substantial value through tuck-in and transformative acquisitions in the future.

Importantly, we believe there is incremental value we can create by utilizing the data flowing through our network to develop insights that can further help our customers as well as other target markets. We plan to work to develop a comprehensive strategy to capture this market opportunity and deepen our relationships with customers, which has the potential to meaningfully accelerate revenue growth.

Long-Term Relationships with Diversified and Blue-Chip Customer Base with Proven Wallet Share Expansion

We deliver solutions for some of the largest brand owners and manufacturers globally, and we estimate more than 125 of our customers have annual revenues of over $10 billion. We believe we are mission-critical to our customers’ operations, as evidenced by our gross retention. We possess a diverse customer base consisting of more than 1,200 clients that spans a broad spectrum of industries including the technology, industrial, consumer and transportation sectors, among others.

Our customers utilize our solutions to orchestrate their supply chains, which we believe enables them to realize significant value and return on investment. For example, a leading consumer packaged goods company was able to cut forecast errors by 40% and reduce inventory by 35% using our product suite. They are now able to leverage our platform to forecast every product using artificial intelligence and machine learning technology. Moreover, a leading high-tech company has utilized our software to realize $300 million in savings over three years. An additional example includes a high-growth, large-scale consumer technology platform, which utilized our software to reduce its execution time from eight weeks to seven days, creating substantial opportunity to accelerate their revenue growth in addition to reducing costs.

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In March 2021, the Suez Canal was blocked for six days after the grounding of Ever Given, a container ship. During this crisis, our customers utilized our tools to monitor and respond to the situation, making real-time adjustments to their supply chains.

Growth Strategies

We intend to profitably grow our business and create shareholder value through the following strategic initiatives:

Expand Within Existing Customers

As described above, we believe there is significant opportunity to drive growth through expansion of our existing customer relationships. We have an opportunity to more than triple our revenue over time without any new logos, new products or acquisitions given that we believe there is more than a $1 billion of whitespace. Our acquisition strategy is focused on acquiring complimentary best-of-breed point solutions to incorporate into our integrated end-to-end platform. As a result, we currently sell just one SKU to many of our customers, as most acquired companies had only one product to offer their customers. We believe this represents a significant opportunity to cross-sell additional products to these customers, accelerating growth and strengthening relationships with our installed base, especially as it grows over time with new customer wins. Importantly, we have a strong track record of achieving growth within our existing customer base. From fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2020, we increased the recurring revenue with a leading consumer packaged goods company, a leading industrial manufacturer, a blue-chip technology firm and a global hardware and software technology provider by 2.7x, 2.0x, 1.9x and 1.6x, respectively.

Win New Customers

As part of our growth strategy, the second growth lever is winning new customers, which we anticipate accelerating by optimizing our sales force through several measures. First, we plan to invest in our salesforce by hiring account acquisition experts, funded by identified savings projects across various areas. Additionally, we plan to pursue strategic partnerships and leverage the networks of our new board of directors to elevate conversations with C-level executives at key targets in our pipeline. We also intend to utilize

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these relationships and networks as well as our own channel reseller and partner network to accelerate growth through the onboarding of new customers.

Continue Strategic Acquisitions

A third lever of our growth strategy is to continue strategic acquisitions. We plan to utilize a disciplined approach to acquisitions, focusing on opportunities that will create value by strategically broadening our product offering as well as financially through the realization of integration-related synergies. Our key strategic acquisition criteria include mission-critical solutions in core markets; complementary cloud applications with minimal product overlap; new customer relationships in vertical or geographic markets; and TAM, proprietary data and/or network expansion. We have a large pipeline of actionable targets, including one large and transformative opportunity as well as a larger list of tuck-in opportunities identified in accordance with the criteria described above.

We have a demonstrated track record of success in expanding our product offering and accelerating growth through acquisitions. Through our acquisitions of INTTRA Inc. (INTTRA) and Amber Road, Inc. (Amber Road), we were able to enhance our value proposition to customers through the addition of ocean shipping logistics solutions as well as global trade management offerings, both of which contributed to our ability to provide end-to-end supply chain visibility. The acquisition of INTTRA increased the power of our network ecosystems through the integration of 26% of the global ocean freight data, which further strengthened the network effects of our software platform and business model. Our acquisition of Amber Road enhanced our platform by providing customers with global trade management solutions to automate their import and export processes and help improve sourcing decisions across more than 180 countries. Importantly, we also have a track record of efficiently integrating acquired solutions operationally and financially. Across each of our acquisitions since 2015, we have met or exceeded our integration-related cost savings targets in each case and with 20% cumulative outperformance as a whole.

Additional Organic Growth Building Blocks

We also believe there are several additional building blocks of organic growth acceleration that provide a margin of safety for achieving our annual steady-state subscription revenue growth target, including price/value maximization, data and analytics, sales force optimization and partnerships/new sales channels.

Intellectual Property

We consider the protection of our intellectual property and proprietary information to be an important facet of our business. We own a number of trademarks, patents, copyrights and domain names registered in the United States and abroad that, together, are meaningful to our business, including the E2OPEN, Amber Road and INTTRA marks (among others). From time to time, we have pursued enforcement of our intellectual property rights against third parties and expect to do so in the future when cost effective. In addition, we enter into customary confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with employees and contractors involved in the development of our intellectual property.

Government Regulation and Compliance

We are subject to various laws and regulations of the United States and other jurisdictions, including the European Union, by supranational, national and local government authorities, including with respect to sanctions compliance, privacy laws, labor and employment laws and other laws. In the United States, our global sanctions compliance is monitored by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (OFAC), and certain of our subsidiaries have received a license from OFAC permitting certain business, transactions or other activities involving sanctioned countries. We monitor these regulatory requirements, including the requirements for retaining our OFAC license and our compliance on a regular basis.

Organizational Structure

Following the completion of the Business Combination, our organizational structure is what is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership C corporation (or Up-C) structure. This organizational structure will allow certain owners of E2open Holdings to retain their equity ownership in E2open Holdings, an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in the form of Common Units, Series 1 RCU and Series 2 RCU. Each continuing owner of E2open Holdings also holds a number of shares of Class V common stock equal to the number of Common Units held by such owner, which has no economic value, but which entitles the holder thereof to one vote per share at any meeting of our shareholders. Those investors who, prior to the Business Combination, held Class A ordinary shares or Class B ordinary shares of CCNB1 and certain other investors and vested option holders will, by contrast, hold their equity ownership in the Company, a Delaware corporation that is a domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

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Significant Agreements

For information related to our significant agreements, see the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein.

Seasonality

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and are expected to fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including seasonality in our business as a result of customer budget cycles and customary European vacation schedules, with higher sales in the third and fourth fiscal quarters. As a result, our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful.

Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (JOBS Act), and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with certain other public companies difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of CCNB1’s initial public offering (IPO), (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common equity that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the prior fiscal year’s second fiscal quarter; and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. References herein to “emerging growth company” shall have the meaning associated with it in the JOBS Act.

Human Capital

We believe our success in delivering 100% cloud-based, end-to-end SCM software relies on our culture, values, and the creativity and commitment of our people. As of February 28, 2021, we had 2,436 full-time employees with 650 in North America, 207 in Europe and 1,579 in Asia-Pacific, respectively. Our core operating principles are the foundation for our success:

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We invest in our people and strive to maintain a healthy, safe and secure work environment where our employees are treated with respect and dignity. In March 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we transitioned to a fully virtual workplace, accommodating school, family and the health needs of our employees. We also implemented travel restrictions for all non-essential business in a manner consistent with local standards and risks. We endeavor to create an inclusive and diverse community that inspires collaboration, integrity, engagement and innovation while offering the opportunity for personal and professional growth.

We use a framework called E2-Connect to encourage a continual open and interactive communication between employees and their manager allowing individual needs to be recognized and met and company goals to be supported. This allows the employee and their manager to establish a professional development plan that facilitates personal employee growth while advancing our strategy.

We also work to keep our employees updated on our developments, achievements and new product offerings through various All-Hands meetings with our senior leadership team, as well as all employees. We consistently work to improve the employee experience by addressing feedback collected through the various surveys throughout the year, including manager interaction, employee benefits and our response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

To ensure our employees’ personal and professional growth, we developed E2open University where employees can participate in various online training classes. These training classes are continually developed or new classes are added, so that our employees have a full range of classes available. Each year, our employees receive role-specific training which includes topics, such as our products overview, anti-harassment, insider trading, cyber security awareness, compliance with our Code of Business Conduct and other compliance and industry-specific subjects.

Financial Information About Industry Segments

We have one reportable segment consisting of cloud-based, end-to-end SCM software. We internally evaluate our software as one industry segment, and, accordingly, we do not report segment information.

Available Information

Our website address is www.e2open.com. Electronic copies of our SEC filings are available through the Investor Relations tab as soon as practicable after the reports are filed with the SEC. Additionally, our Code of Ethics, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Whistleblower Policy and the charters of our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are located under the Governance tab of the Investor Relations section of our website.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

Risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this 2021 Form 10-K and other public statements we make are described below. Based on the information currently known to us, we believe that the matters discussed below identify the material risk factors affecting our business. However, the risks and uncertainties we face are not limited to those described below. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial, but that could later become material, may also adversely affect our business.

Summary of Risk Factors

The following summarizes risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price. You should read this summary together with the detailed description of each risk factor contained below.

Risks Related to the Global Pandemic

Risks Related to our Business Model

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Risks Related to Macroeconomic and Market Conditions

Risks Related to Key Third-Party Relationships

Risks Related to the Business Combination

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Risks Related to Acquisitions

Risks Related to our Indebtedness

Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

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General Risks

Risks Related to the Global Pandemic

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including the resulting global economic uncertainty, measures taken in response to the pandemic and changes to the way our customers are operating their businesses, could materially impact our business and future results of operations and financial condition.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the global economy and strained governments, health care systems and businesses. It is difficult to predict the continuing impact on global economic markets, which ultimate impact will depend upon the efficacy and availability of vaccines and the actions taken by governments and businesses in response to the pandemic. Adverse market conditions resulting from the spread of COVID-19 could materially adversely affect our business through a decrease in the rate of spending on software products, our customers’ inability or unwillingness to purchase our offerings; reductions in the amount or duration of customers’ subscription contracts or increased customer attrition rates. The COVID-19 pandemic could also cause our third-party data center hosting facilities and cloud computing platform providers, which are critical to our infrastructure, to shut down their business, experience security incidents or experience interference with the supply chain of hardware required by their systems and services, any of which could materially adversely affect our business.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have temporarily closed our offices, enabled our employees to work remotely and implemented travel restrictions for all non-essential business in a manner consistent with local standards and risks. If the COVID-19 pandemic worsens, especially in regions where we have offices, our business activities could be adversely affected. We may take further actions that alter our business operations as may be required by local, state or federal authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees. Such measures could negatively affect our sales and marketing efforts, sales cycles, employee productivity or customer retention, any of which could harm our financial condition and business operations.

Almost 50% of our employees reside in India, that is in the midst of a devastating second wave of COVID-19, recording well over 300,000 new infections each day so far in May. On May 7, 2021, the country recorded a global record 414,188 new cases.  In order to protect our valued Indian employees, we may take further actions that alter our business operations as may be required by local, state or federal authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees. These measures could negatively affect our sales and marketing efforts, sales cycles, employee productivity or customer retention, any of which could harm our financial condition and business operations. Due to the complexity of our products and trained nature of our employees in India, a continued worsening of COVID-19 in India could negatively affect our strategic sales goals or professional services revenue due to our inability to find temporary workers or back-fill employees to service our sales team or customers.

To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business and financial results, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this Risk Factors section, including, in particular, risks related to our ability to secure customer renewals, the addition of new customers and increased revenue from existing customers, risks relating to cyber-attacks and security vulnerabilities and global supply chain disruptions.

Risks Related to our Business Model

Our business depends on customers renewing their subscription agreements. Any decline in renewal or net retention rates could harm our future operating results.

Approximately 85% of our revenue is recurring and consists of subscription revenue. Our subscription products generally have recurring annual subscription periods. While many of our subscriptions provide for automatic renewal, our customers may opt-out of automatic renewal and customers have no obligation to renew a subscription after the expiration of the term. Our customers may or may not renew their subscriptions as a result of a number of factors, including the general economic downturns due to COVID-19, their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with our products and services, our pricing or pricing structure, the pricing or capabilities of the products and services offered by our competitors, the effects of economic conditions or reductions in our paying customers’ spending levels. In addition, our customers may renew for fewer subscriptions, renew for shorter contract lengths if they were previously on multi-year contracts or switch to lower cost offerings of our products and services.

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It is difficult to accurately predict long-term customer retention. Our customers’ subscription retention rates may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including their level of satisfaction with our products, the prices of our products, the prices of products and services offered by our competitors or reductions in our customers’ spending levels. If our customers do not renew their subscription arrangements, maintenance or other services agreements or if they renew them on less favorable terms, our revenue may decline. A substantial portion of our quarterly subscription revenue is attributable to agreements entered into during previous quarters. As a result, if there is a decline in renewed subscription agreements in any one quarter, only a small portion of the decline will be reflected in our revenue recognized in that quarter and the rest will be reflected in our revenue recognized in the following four quarters or more.

Our large customers have substantial negotiating leverage, which may require that we agree to terms and conditions that result in increased cost of sales, decreased revenue and lower average selling prices and gross margins, all of which could harm our results of operations.

Some of our customers have significant bargaining power when negotiating new licenses or subscriptions or renewals of existing agreements, and they have the ability to buy similar products from other vendors or develop such systems internally. These customers have and may continue to seek advantageous pricing and other commercial and performance terms that may require us to develop additional features in the products we sell to them or add complexity to our customer agreements. Currently, as customers become larger, our pricing model recognizes various factors such as number of products purchased and the penetration of those products within a customer’s operations. As such, when a customer buys more products, their average cost per product can decline even though the total revenue from them increases, and, to date, we have generally seen sales to customers increase in proportion to or in excess of any reductions in the cost per product. However, there can be no guarantee that these results will continue in the future. If we are unable to negotiate renewals with our large customers on favorable terms, our results of operations could be harmed.

Given many of our key customers are enterprise customers, our sales cycle is longer and more expensive, and we may encounter pricing pressure and implementation and configuration challenges.

Many of our largest customers are enterprise customers, which means we face longer sales cycles, greater competition, more complex customer due diligence, less favorable contractual terms and less predictability in completing some of our sales.

Consequently, a target customer’s decision to use our services may be an enterprise-wide decision and, if so, these types of sales require us to provide greater levels of education regarding the use and benefits of our products and services as well as education regarding privacy and data protection laws and regulations to prospective customers. In addition, larger enterprise customers may demand more configuration, integration services and features. As a result of these factors, these sales opportunities may require us to devote greater sales support and professional services resources to individual customers, driving up costs and time required to complete sales, while potentially requiring us to delay revenue recognition on some of these transactions until the technical or implementation requirements have been met.

If we are unable to sell products to new customers or to sell additional products or upgrades to our existing customers, it could adversely affect our revenue growth and operating results.

To increase our revenue, we must add new customers (whether through sales or acquisitions) or sell additional products or upgrades to existing customers. Even if we capture a significant volume of leads from our digital marketing activities, we must be able to convert those leads into sales of our products to new or existing customers in order to achieve revenue growth.

We primarily rely on our direct sales force to sell our products to new and existing customers and convert qualified leads into sales. Accordingly, our ability to achieve significant growth in revenue in the future will depend on our ability to recruit, train and retain sufficient numbers of sales personnel, and on the productivity of those personnel. Our recent and planned personnel additions may not become as productive as we would like or in a timely manner, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the future in the markets where we do or plan to do business. If we are unable to sell products to new customers and additional products or upgrades to our existing customers through our direct sales force or through our channel partners, which supplement our direct sales force by distributing our products and generating sales opportunities, we may be unable to grow our revenue and our operating results could be adversely affected.

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Because we generally recognize revenue from subscriptions for our services over the term of the subscription, downturns or upturns in new business may not be immediately reflected in our operating results.

We generally recognize revenue from customers ratably over the terms of their subscription and support agreements, which are typically 36 months. As a result, most of the revenue we report in each quarter is the result of subscription and support agreements entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not be reflected in our revenue results for that quarter. However, any such decline will negatively impact our revenue in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our services and potential changes in our attrition rate, may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Our subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through additional sales in any period, as revenue from new customers must be recognized over the applicable subscription and support term.

Because our long-term success depends on our ability to operate our business internationally and increase sales of our products to customers located outside of the United States, our business is susceptible to risks associated with international operations.

We have significant international operations in India, the United Kingdom, Poland, Germany, Belgium, China, Hong Kong and Malaysia as well as international operations in other countries. We market and sell our products worldwide. We expect to continue to expand our international operations for the foreseeable future. The continued international expansion of our operations requires significant management attention and financial resources and results in increased administrative and compliance costs. Our limited experience in operating our business in certain regions outside the United States increases the risk that our expansion efforts into those regions may not be successful. In particular, our business model may not be successful in particular countries or regions outside the United States for reasons that we currently are unable to anticipate. We are subject to risks associated with international sales and operations including, but not limited to:

The occurrence of any one of these risks could negatively affect our international business and, consequently, our operating results. We cannot be certain that the investment and additional resources required to establish, acquire or integrate operations in other countries will produce desired levels of revenue or profitability. If we are unable to effectively manage our expansion into additional geographic markets, our financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

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We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, and our recent growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth.

We have experienced organic and acquisition-driven growth in recent periods, and revenue growth in future periods may not be consistent with recent history. We believe our revenue growth depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, our ability to:

We may not be able to successfully implement our strategic initiatives in accordance with our expectations or in the timeframe we desire, which may result in an adverse impact on our business and financial results. We also expect our operating expenses to increase in future periods, and if our revenue growth does not increase to offset these anticipated increases in our operating expenses, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be harmed, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

If we fail to maintain adequate operational and financial resources, particularly if we continue to grow rapidly, we may be unable to execute our business plan or maintain high levels of service and customer satisfaction.

We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, rapid growth, particularly through acquisitions, which has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management and our operational and financial resources. Our organizational structure is becoming more complex as we scale our operational, financial and management controls, as well as our reporting systems and procedures, and expand internationally. As we continue to grow, we face challenges of integrating, developing, training and motivating a rapidly growing employee base in our various offices around the world and navigating a complex multi-national regulatory landscape. If we fail to manage our anticipated growth and change in a manner that preserves the functionality of our platforms and solutions, the quality of our products and services may suffer, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation and harm our ability to attract customers.

To manage growth in our operations and personnel, we need to continue to grow and improve our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. We will require significant expenditures and the allocation of valuable management resources to grow and change in these areas. Our expansion has placed, and our expected future growth will continue to place, a significant strain on our management, customer experience, research and development, sales and marketing, administrative, financial and other resources.

We anticipate that significant additional investments will be required to scale our operations and increase productivity, address the needs of our customers, further develop and enhance our products and services, expand into new geographic areas and scale with our overall growth. If additional investments are required due to significant growth, this will increase our cost base, which will make it more difficult for us to offset any future revenue shortfalls by reducing expenses in the short term.

Cyber-attacks and security vulnerabilities could result in serious harm to our reputation, business and financial condition.

Threats to network and data security are constantly evolving and becoming increasingly diverse and sophisticated. Our products and services, servers and computer systems and those of third parties that we rely on in our operations could be vulnerable to cybersecurity risks. As such, we may be subject to risks inherent to companies that process client data for client mission critical systems like SCM solutions.

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We are the target of attempts to identify and exploit system vulnerabilities and/or penetrate or bypass our security measures in order to gain unauthorized access to our systems. To mitigate these risks, we employ multiple methods at different layers of our systems to defend against intrusion and attack. Despite our efforts to keep our systems secure and remedy identified vulnerabilities, future attacks could be successful and result in contractual liability to clients or loss of client trust and ultimately client business.

We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, system errors or vulnerabilities. In particular, our platform and the other systems or networks used in our business may experience an increase in attempted cyber-attacks, targeted intrusion, ransomware and phishing campaigns. We maintain errors, omission and cyber liability insurance policies covering security and privacy damages. However, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all.

At present, we believe the regulatory and private action risks related to personal data we process as part of our business-to-business supply chain solutions are low. We process a limited amount of personal data, typically business contact information, supplied by our clients. Regulations surrounding personal data are rapidly changing and that makes global compliance challenging and unpredictable. Failure to comply with regulations may subject us to regulatory investigations, reputational harm, contractual liability to clients and potential liability to data subjects.

If we fail to integrate our products with a variety of operating systems, software applications, platforms and hardware that are developed by others or ourselves, our products may become less competitive or obsolete and our results of operations would be harmed.

Our products must integrate with a variety of network, hardware and software platforms, and we need to continuously modify and enhance our products to adapt to changes in hardware, software, networking, browser and database technologies. We believe a significant component of our value proposition to customers is the ability to optimize and configure our products to integrate with our systems and those of third parties. If we are not able to integrate our products in a meaningful and efficient manner, demand for our products could decrease and our business and results of operations would be harmed.

In addition, we have a large number of solutions, and maintaining and integrating them effectively requires extensive resources. Our continuing efforts to make our products more interoperative may not be successful. Failure of our products to operate effectively with future infrastructure platforms and technologies could reduce the demand for our products, resulting in customer dissatisfaction and harm to our business. If we are unable to respond to changes in a cost-effective manner, our products may become less marketable, less competitive or obsolete, and our business and results of operations may be harmed.

We have a significant amount of goodwill and intangible assets on our balance sheet, and our results of operations may be adversely affected if we fail to realize the full value of our goodwill and intangible assets.

We have goodwill of $2,628.6 million and $752.8 million and net intangible assets of $824.9 million and $467.6 million as of February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite life are not amortized but are subject to a periodic impairment evaluation. Goodwill and acquired intangible assets with an indefinite life are tested for impairment at least annually or when events and circumstances indicate that fair value of a reporting unit may be below their carrying value. Acquired intangible assets with definite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period over which we expect to realize economic value related to the intangible asset. In addition, we review long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset might not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment are present, we evaluate the carrying value in relation to estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. Our ability to realize the value of the goodwill and intangible assets will depend on the future cash flows of the businesses we have acquired, which in turn depend in part on how well we have integrated these businesses into our own business. Judgments made by management relate to the expected useful lives of long-lived assets and our ability to realize undiscounted cash flows of the carrying amounts of such assets. The accuracy of these judgments may be adversely affected by several factors, including significant:

These types of events or indicators and the resulting impairment analysis could result in impairment charges in the future. If we are not able to realize the value of the goodwill and intangible assets, we may be required to incur material charges relating to the impairment of those assets. Such impairment charges could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Risks Related to Macroeconomic and Market Conditions

Adverse or weakened general economic and market conditions may reduce spending on supply chain technology and information, which could harm our revenue, results of operations and cash flows.

Our revenue, results of operations and cash flows depend on the overall demand for and use of technology and information for global SCM, which depends in part on the amount of spending allocated by our customers or potential customers on supply chain technology and information. This spending depends on worldwide economic and geopolitical conditions. The U.S. and other key international economies have experienced cyclical downturns from time to time in which economic activity was impacted by falling demand for a variety of goods and services; restricted credit; poor liquidity; reduced corporate profitability; volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets; bankruptcies; pandemics such as COVID-19; and overall economic uncertainty. These economic conditions can arise suddenly, and the full impact of such conditions often remains uncertain. In addition, geopolitical developments and potential trade wars can increase levels of political and economic unpredictability globally and increase the volatility of global financial markets. Further actions or inactions of the U.S. or other major national governments, including the United Kingdom’s 2016 vote in favor of exiting the European Union, may also impact economic conditions, which could result in financial market disruptions or an economic downturn.

Concerns about the systemic impact of a recession in the United States or globally, energy costs, geopolitical issues or the availability and cost of credit could lead to increased market volatility, decreased consumer confidence and diminished growth expectations in the U.S. economy and abroad, which in turn could affect the rate of information technology spending and adversely affect our customers’ ability or willingness to purchase our services, delay prospective customers’ purchasing decisions, reduce the value or duration of their subscription contracts or affect attrition rates, all of which could adversely affect our future sales and operating results. Prolonged economic slowdowns may result in requests to renegotiate existing contracts on less advantageous terms to us than those currently in place, payment defaults on existing contracts or non-renewal at the end of a contract term.

Our success depends in part on our ability to develop and market new and enhanced solutions modules, and we may not be able to do so, or do so quickly enough to respond to changes in demand. Even if we anticipate changes in demand, it may be difficult for us to transition existing customers to new versions of our solutions.

Our success depends in part on our ability to develop and market new and enhanced solutions modules, and to do so on a timely basis. Successful module development and marketing depends on numerous factors, including anticipating customer requirements, changes in technology requirements, our ability to differentiate our solutions from those of our competitors and market acceptance of our solutions. Enterprises are requiring their software application vendors to provide ever increasing levels of functionality and broader offerings. Moreover, our industry is characterized by rapid evolution and shifts in technology and customer needs. We may not be able to develop and market new or enhanced modules in a timely or cost-effective manner, or at all. Our solutions also may not achieve market acceptance or correctly anticipate technological changes or the changing needs of our customers or potential customers.

In addition, even if we correctly anticipate changes in technology or demand, it might be difficult for us to transition existing customers to new versions of our solutions. Such transitions or upgrades may require considerable professional services effort and expense, and customers may choose to discontinue using our solutions rather than proceed with a lengthy and expensive upgrade. If customers fail to accept new versions of our solution, if our newest solutions contain errors or if we expend too many resources supporting multiple versions of our solutions, we may suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The market for cloud-based SCM solutions is still evolving. If this market develops more slowly than we expect, our revenue may fail to grow or decline, and we may incur additional operating losses.

We derive, and expect to continue to derive, substantially all of our revenue from providing a cloud-based SCM platform, solutions and related services. The market for cloud-based SCM solutions is still evolving and it is uncertain whether this platform and solutions will sustain high levels of demand and market acceptance. Our success will depend on the willingness of companies to accept our cloud-based SCM platform and solutions as an alternative to manual processes, traditional enterprise resource planning software and internally-developed SCM solutions. Some customers may be reluctant or unwilling to use our cloud-based SCM platform or solutions for a number of reasons, including data privacy concerns, data and network security concerns and existing investments in SCM technology.

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Traditional approaches to SCM have required, among other things, purchasing hardware and licensing software. Because these traditional approaches often require significant initial investments to purchase the necessary technology and to establish systems that comply with customers’ unique requirements, companies may be unwilling to abandon their current solutions for our cloud-based SCM platform and solutions. Other factors that may limit market acceptance of our platform and solutions include:

If companies do not perceive the benefits of our cloud-based SCM platform or solutions or if companies are unwilling to accept our platform and solutions as an alternative to traditional approaches, the market for our platform and solutions might not continue to develop or might develop more slowly than we expect, either of which could significantly adversely affect our revenues and growth prospects.

We face intense competition, and our failure to compete successfully would make it difficult for us to add and retain customers and would impede the growth of our business.

The SCM market is fragmented, competitive and rapidly evolving. We compete with other cloud-based SCM vendors, traditional enterprise resource planning vendors such SAP and Oracle and other service providers as well as with solutions developed internally by enterprises seeking to manage their global supply chains and global trade. Some of our actual and potential competitors may enjoy competitive advantages over us, such as greater name recognition, more varied offerings and larger marketing budgets as well as greater financial, technical and other resources. Furthermore, some competitors may have best-of-breed solutions to problems created by the unique trading requirements of particular countries, industries and/or business processes. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards or customer requirements or devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their products and services than we can.

The intensity of competition in the SCM market has resulted in pricing pressure as the market has developed, and our competitors very frequently offer substantial price discounts for their products. We expect the intensity of competition to increase in the future as existing competitors develop their capabilities and as new companies, which could include one or more large software or trade content providers, enter the market. Increased competition could result in additional pricing pressure, reduced sales, shorter term lengths for customer contracts, lower margins or the failure of our solutions to achieve or maintain broad market acceptance. If we are unable to compete effectively, it will be difficult for us to maintain our pricing rates and add or retain customers, and our business, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed.

Risks Related to Key Third-Party Relationships

Interruptions or performance problems associated with our products, including disruptions at any third-party data center upon which we rely, may impair our ability to support our customers.

Our continued growth depends in part on the ability of our existing and potential customers to access our websites, software or cloud-based products within an acceptable amount of time. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, service disruptions, outages and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, capacity constraints due to an overwhelming number of users accessing our website simultaneously, denial of service, fraud or security attacks. In some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these website performance problems within an acceptable period of time. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve our website performance, especially during peak usage times and as our user traffic increases. If our websites are unavailable or if our customers are unable to access our software or cloud-based products within a reasonable amount of time, or at all, our business would be negatively affected. Additionally, our data centers and networks and third-party data centers and networks may experience technical failures and downtime, may fail to distribute appropriate updates or may fail to meet the increased requirements of a growing customer base.

We provide certain of our solutions through third-party data center hosting facilities located in the United States and other countries. While we control and have access to our servers and all of the components of our network that are located in such third-party data centers, we do not control the operation of these facilities. Additionally, some of these data centers could be temporarily or permanently impacted by natural disasters, including wildfires and earthquakes. Following expiration of the current agreement terms, the owners of the data center facilities have no obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew these agreements on commercially reasonable terms, or if one of our data center operators is acquired, we may be required to transfer our servers and other infrastructure to new data center facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible service interruptions in connection with doing so.

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The information we source from third parties for inclusion in our knowledge databases may not be accurate and complete, our trade experts may make errors in interpreting legal and other requirements when processing this information and our trade content may not be updated on a timely basis, which can expose our customers to fines and other substantial claims and penalties.

Our customers often use our solutions as a system of record and many of our customers are subject to regulation of their products, services and activities. Our knowledge library includes trade content sourced from government agencies and transportation carriers in numerous countries. It is often sourced from text documents and includes import and export regulations, shipping documents, preferential duties and taxes, specifications for free trade agreements, transportation rates, sailing schedules, embargoed country and restricted party lists and harmonized tariff codes. The information in these text documents may not be timely, accurate or complete. Our team of trade experts transforms these documents into a normalized and propriety knowledgebase which is interpretable by software. Our trade experts have to interpret the legal and other requirements contained in the source documents, and we can provide no assurances that our trade experts do not make errors in the interpretation of these requirements. Furthermore, rules and regulations and other trade content used in our solutions change constantly, and we must continuously update our knowledge library. Maintaining a complete and accurate knowledge library is time-consuming and costly, and we can provide no assurances that our specialists will always make appropriate updates to the library on a timely basis. Errors or defects in updating the trade content we provide to our customers and any defects or errors in, or failure of, our software, hardware or systems, can result in an inability to process transactions in a timely manner or lead to violations that could expose our customers to fines and other substantial claims and penalties and involve criminal liability. In addition, these errors and delays could damage our reputation with both existing and new customers and result in lost customers and decreased revenue, which could materially and adversely affect our business, revenue and results of operations.

Any of these problems may enable our customers to terminate our agreements, require us to issue credits or refunds and subject us to product liability, breach of warranty or other contractual claims. We also may be required to indemnify our customers or third parties as a result of any of these problems. Any provisions in our customer agreements intended to limit liability may not be sufficient to protect us against any such claims. Insurance may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, any insurance we do have may not cover claims related to specific defects, errors, failures or delays; may not cover indirect or consequential damages; and may be inadequate. Defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention. In general, losses from customers terminating their agreements with us and our cost of defending claims resulting from defects, errors, failures or delays might be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Interruptions or performance problems associated with our internal infrastructure, and its reliance on technologies from third parties, may adversely affect our ability to manage our business and meet reporting obligations.

Currently, we use NetSuite to manage our financial processes and other third-party vendors to manage sales, online marketing and web services. We believe the availability of these services is essential to the management of our high-volume, transaction-oriented business model. As we expand our operations, we expect to utilize additional systems and service providers that may also be essential to managing our business. Although the systems and services that we require are typically available from a number of providers, it is time-consuming and costly to qualify and implement these relationships. Therefore, if one or more of our providers suffer an interruption in their business; experience delays, disruptions or quality-control problems in their operations; or we have to change or add additional systems and services, our ability to manage our business and produce timely and accurate financial statements would suffer.

We leverage third-party software for use with our solution. Performance issues, errors and defects or failure to successfully integrate or license necessary third-party software could cause delays, errors or failures of our solution, increases in our expenses and reductions in our sales, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We use software licensed from a variety of third parties in connection with the operation of our products. Any performance issues, errors, bugs or defects in third-party software could result in errors or a failure of our products, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In the future, we might need to license other software to enhance our solution and meet evolving customer demands and requirements. Any limitations in our ability to use third-party software could significantly increase our expenses and otherwise result in delays, a reduction in functionality or errors or failures of our solution until equivalent technology or content is either developed by us or, if available, identified, obtained through purchase or license, and integrated into our solution. In addition, third-party licenses may expose us to increased risks, including risks associated with the integration of new technology, the diversion of resources from the development of our own proprietary technology and our inability to generate revenues from new technology sufficient to offset associated acquisition and maintenance costs, all of which may increase our expenses and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

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Risks Related to the Business Combination

Our management team has limited experience managing a public company.

Some members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage our transition to being a public company that is subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We will incur increased costs and obligations as a result of being a public company.

As a result of the Business Combination, we are required to comply with certain corporate governance and financial reporting practices and policies required of a publicly traded company. As a publicly traded company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we were not required to incur in the recent past. In addition, new and changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the rules and regulations promulgated and to be promulgated thereunder, as well as under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Jobs Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC and national securities exchanges have increased the costs and the time that the board of directors and management must devote to complying with these rules and regulations. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and lead to a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue generating activities.

Furthermore, the need to establish the corporate infrastructure demanded of a public company may divert management’s attention from implementing our growth strategy, which could prevent us from improving our business, results of operations and financial condition. We have made, and will continue to make, changes to our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and accounting systems to meet our reporting obligations as a publicly traded company. However, the measures we take may not be sufficient to satisfy our obligations as a publicly traded company.

Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could impair our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

As a public company, we have significant requirements for enhanced financial reporting and internal controls. The process of designing and implementing effective internal controls is a continuous effort that requires us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments and to expend significant resources to maintain a system of internal controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company, and we are still in the process of generating a mature system of internal controls and integration across business systems. If we are unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal financial reporting controls and procedures, it could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis, result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements and harm our operating results.

Pursuant to Section 404, we are required to furnish a report by our management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, including an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. However, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm will be able to conclude within the prescribed timeframe that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. This could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements.

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe certain non-GAAP measures may be useful in evaluating our operating performance. We present certain non-GAAP financial measures in this 2021 Form 10-K and intend to continue to present certain non-GAAP financial measures in future filings with the SEC and other public statements. Any failure to accurately report and present our non-GAAP financial measures could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A Common Stock.

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Matters impacting our internal controls may cause us to be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions by the SEC or violations of applicable stock exchange listing rules, which may result in a breach of the covenants under existing or future financing arrangements. There also could be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements. Confidence in the reliability of our financial statements also could suffer if we or our independent registered public accounting firm continue to report a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting. This could materially adversely affect us and lead to a decline in the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

We qualify as an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, it could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance to the performance of other public companies.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we are eligible for and intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, including (1) the exemption from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (2) the exemptions from say-on-pay, say-on-frequency and say-on-golden parachute voting requirements and (3) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of the shares of our common stock that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30 of that fiscal year, (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more during such fiscal year, (3) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in the prior three-year period or (4) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common stock.

We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less of an active trading market for our common shares and our share price may be more volatile.

The reverse merger with CCNB1 increases the potential for shareholder litigation.

We went public via the Business Combination with CCNB1, a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC). The popularity of going public via a reverse merger with a SPAC has resulted in a corresponding increase in the number of shareholder lawsuits and increased activity at the SEC relating to SPACs. In recent days, the SEC has opened an inquiry seeking information on how underwriters are managing the risks involved in SPACs, and the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance and acting chief accountant have issued two separate public statements on certain accounting, financial reporting and governance issues that should be considered in connection with SPAC-related mergers. This increase in activity by SEC Staff comes on the heels of nearly two dozen federal securities class action filings, several SEC investor alerts and earlier guidance from the Division of Corporation Finance. The surge in litigation and regulatory interest is likely to continue and expand throughout 2021 and beyond.

With the increase in the use of SPACs comes an increase in SPAC shareholder lawsuits filed after announcements of mergers between SPACs and their target companies. According to data compiled by Stanford University, shareholders have filed 21 securities class actions lawsuits involving SPACs since 2019, with eight of these filings occurring in 2021. Any claim against us, regardless of its merit, could be costly, divert management’s attention and operational resources and harm our reputation. As litigation is inherently unpredictable, we cannot assure you that any potential claims or disputes will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any claims or litigation, even if fully indemnified or insured, could make it more difficult to compete effectively or to obtain adequate insurance in the future.

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Our Sponsor and its affiliates, together with affiliates of Insight Partners, will beneficially own a significant equity interest in us and their interests may conflict with us or your interests.

Our Sponsor, Insight Partners and their respective affiliates collectively control approximately 53% of our voting equity. As a result, they have significant influence over our decisions to enter into any corporate transaction. In addition, affiliates of our Sponsor and Insight Partners are each in the business of making investments in companies and may acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. Our Sponsor, Insight Partners and their respective affiliates may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. Our certificate of incorporation provides that certain parties may engage in competitive businesses and renounces any entitlement to certain corporate opportunities offered to the private placement investors or any of their managers, officers, directors, equity holders, members, principals, affiliates and subsidiaries (other than us and our subsidiaries) that are not expressly offered to them in their capacities as our directors or officers. The certificate of incorporation also provides that certain parties or any of their managers, officers, directors, equity holders, members, principals, affiliates and subsidiaries (other than us and our subsidiaries) do not have any fiduciary duty to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as us or any of our subsidiaries.

We are a holding company and our only material asset is our interest in E2open Holdings, and we are accordingly dependent upon distributions made by our subsidiaries to pay taxes, make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and pay dividends.

We are a holding company with no material assets other than our ownership of the Common Units and RCUs and our managing member interest in E2open Holdings. As a result, we have no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow. Our ability to pay taxes, make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and pay dividends will depend on the financial results and cash flows of E2open Holdings and the distributions we receive. Deterioration in the financial condition, earnings or cash flow of E2open Holdings for any reason could limit or impair E2open Holdings’ ability to pay such distributions. Additionally, to the extent that we need funds and E2open Holdings is restricted from making such distributions under applicable law or regulation or under the terms of any financing arrangements, or E2open Holdings is otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

E2open Holdings is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, generally will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax. Instead, taxable income will be allocated to holders of Common Units. Accordingly, we are required to pay income taxes on our allocable share of any net taxable income of E2open Holdings. Under the terms of the Third Company Agreement, E2open Holdings is obligated to make tax distributions to holders of Common Units (including us) calculated at certain assumed tax rates. In addition to income taxes, we incur expenses related to our operations, including payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which could be significant, of which some will be reimbursed by E2open Holdings (excluding payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement). See Tax Receivable Agreement under the caption Significant Agreements in Part I, Item 1., Business. We intend to cause E2open Holdings to make ordinary distributions on a pro rata basis and tax distributions (which, in certain circumstances, may be made on a non-pro rata basis to holders of Common Units in amounts sufficient to cover all applicable taxes, relevant operating expenses, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and dividends, if any, declared by us. However, as discussed below, E2open Holdings’ ability to make such distributions may be subject to various limitations and restrictions including, but not limited to, retention of amounts necessary to satisfy E2open’s obligations and restrictions on distributions that would violate any applicable restrictions contained in E2open Holdings’ debt agreements, or any applicable law, or that would have the effect of rendering E2open Holdings insolvent. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; provided, however, that nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and therefore accelerate payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which could be substantial.

We anticipate that the distributions received from E2open Holdings may, in certain periods, exceed our actual tax liabilities and obligations to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may make any determination from time to time with respect to the use of any such excess cash so accumulated, which may include, among other uses, to pay dividends on our Class A Common Stock. We have no obligation to distribute such cash (or other available cash other than any declared dividend) to our stockholders. See Dividends in Part II, Item 5., Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

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Dividends on our common stock, if any, will be paid at the discretion of our board of directors, which will consider, among other things, our available cash, available borrowings and other funds legally available therefor, considering the retention of any amounts necessary to satisfy our obligations that will not be reimbursed by E2open Holdings, including taxes and amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement and any restrictions in the applicable bank financing agreements. Financing arrangements may include restrictive covenants that restrict our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to our stockholders. In addition, E2open Holdings is generally prohibited under Delaware law from making a distribution to a member to the extent that, at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, liabilities of E2open Holdings (with certain exceptions) exceed the fair value of its assets. E2open Holdings’ subsidiaries are generally subject to similar legal limitations on their ability to make distributions to E2open Holdings. If E2open does not have sufficient funds to make distributions, our ability to declare and pay cash dividends may also be restricted or impaired.

Pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement, we are required to pay certain sellers 85% of the tax savings that we realize as a result of increases in tax basis in E2open Holdings. These payments may be substantial, as well as exceed actual tax benefits. The timing of these payments may also be accelerated.

The sellers sold E2open Holdings units for the consideration paid pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement and certain sellers, may in the future exchange their Common Units for shares of our Class A Common Stock (or cash) pursuant to the Third Company Agreement. These sales, purchases, redemptions and exchanges are expected to result in increases in our allocable share of the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of E2open Holdings, which may increase (for income tax purposes) depreciation and amortization deductions to which we are entitled. In addition, as a result of certain mergers within the transaction, we may inherit certain pre-existing tax attributes.

The Tax Receivable Agreement, which generally provides for the payment by us of 85% of certain tax benefits, if any, that we realize (or in certain cases are deemed to realize) as a result of these increases in tax basis and certain pre-existing tax attributes of the certain sellers and tax benefits related to entering into the Tax Receivable Agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. These payments are our obligations and not E2open Holdings. The actual increase in our allocable share of E2open Holdings’ tax basis in their assets, the availability of pre-existing tax attributes of certain sellers, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the market price of the Class A Common Stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of the recognition of our income. While many of the factors that will determine the amount of payments that we will make under the Tax Receivable Agreement are outside of our control, we expect that the payments we will make under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Any payments we make under the Tax Receivable Agreement will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us. To the extent that we are unable to make timely payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for any reason, the unpaid amounts will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid; however, nonpayment for a specified period may constitute a material breach of a material obligation under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and therefore accelerate payments due under the Tax Receivable Agreement as further described below. Furthermore, our future obligation to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement could make us a less attractive target for an acquisition, particularly in the case of an acquirer that cannot use some or all of the tax benefits that may be deemed realized under the Tax Receivable Agreement. See Tax Receivable Agreement under the caption Significant Agreements in Part I, Item 1., Business.

Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be based on our tax reporting positions, and the IRS or another taxing authority may challenge all or any part of the tax basis increases, the amount or availability of pre-existing tax attributes of certain sellers and other tax positions that we take, and a court may sustain such a challenge. In the event that any tax benefits we initially claimed are disallowed as a result of such a challenge, the Sellers and the exchanging holders will not be required to reimburse us for any excess payments that may have been previously made under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Rather, excess payments made to such holders will be netted against any future cash payments we are required to make, if any, after the determination of such excess. A challenge to any tax benefits claimed by us may not arise for a number of years following the time payments begin to be made in respect of such benefits or, even if challenged soon thereafter, such excess cash payment may be greater than the amount of future cash payments that we might otherwise be required to make under the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement and, as a result, there might not be sufficient future cash payments against which to net such excess. As a result, in certain circumstances we could make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement in excess of our actual income or franchise tax savings, which could materially impair our financial condition.

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Moreover, the Tax Receivable Agreement provides that, in the event that we exercise our early termination rights, fail to make timely payment or materially breach the Tax Receivable Agreement or if there is a change of control, our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement will accelerate and we will be required to make a lump-sum cash payment to the sellers and/or other applicable parties equal to the present value of all forecasted future payments that would have otherwise been made under the Tax Receivable Agreement. The lump-sum payment could be substantial and could exceed the actual tax benefits that we realize subsequent to such payment, which may cause a material negative effect on our liquidity.

Furthermore, our obligations to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control.

Risks Related to Acquisitions

Acquisitions present many risks that could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

To expand our business, we have made numerous acquisitions and expect to continue making similar acquisitions and possibly larger acquisitions as part of our growth strategy. The success of our growth strategy will depend on our ability to identify, negotiate, complete and integrate acquisitions and, if necessary, to obtain satisfactory debt or equity financing to fund those acquisitions. Acquisitions are inherently risky, and any acquisitions we complete may not be successful.

Additionally, acquisitions made entirely or partially for cash will reduce our cash reserves or require us to incur additional debt. We may seek to obtain additional cash to fund an acquisition by selling equity or debt securities. We may be unable to secure the equity or debt funding necessary to finance future acquisitions on terms that are acceptable to us. If we finance acquisitions by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders will experience ownership dilution.

Our past acquisitions and any future mergers and acquisitions involve numerous risks, including, but not limited to, the following:

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The occurrence of any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, particularly in the case of a larger acquisition or substantially concurrent acquisitions.

Risks Related to our Indebtedness

Our substantial level of indebtedness and significant leverage may materially adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations and limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry.

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness and are significantly leveraged. As of February 28, 2021, we had outstanding indebtedness in the principal amount of $525.7 million. In addition, we have an additional $75.0 million available for borrowing under our senior secured revolving credit facility. Our substantial level of indebtedness increases the possibility that we may be unable to generate sufficient cash to pay the principal, interest or other amounts due in respect of our indebtedness. Our substantial indebtedness, combined with our other financial obligations and contractual commitments, may have a material adverse impact on us and our business. For example, it could:

Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.

All of the borrowings under the senior secured credit facilities bear interest at variable rates. As a result, an increase in interest rates, whether due to an increase in market interest rates or an increase in our own cost of borrowing, would increase the cost of servicing our debt even though the amount borrowed remained the same resulting in our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, to decrease correspondingly. The impact of such an increase would be more significant than it would be for some other companies because of our substantial debt. In the future, we may enter into interest rate swaps that involve the exchange of floating for fixed rate interest payments in order to reduce interest rate volatility. However, we may not maintain interest rate swaps with respect to all of our variable rate indebtedness, and any swaps we enter into may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk.

Our debt agreements contains restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business.

The senior secured credit facilities contain various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions, including, among other things:

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In addition, under the senior secured credit facilities, we are required to satisfy specified financial ratios, including a first-lien secured debt leverage ratio. Our ability to meet those financial ratios can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to meet those ratios and tests.

A breach of the covenants under our credit agreement could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt. In addition, an event of default under the credit agreement would permit the lenders to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under that agreement. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the credit agreement, those lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure such indebtedness. A significant portion of our indebtedness could become immediately due and payable. We cannot be certain whether we would have, or would be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make these accelerated payments. If any such indebtedness is accelerated, our assets may not be sufficient to repay in full such indebtedness and our other indebtedness.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness, and we may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which in turn are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness. In the absence of such cash flows and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. Our credit facilities restrict E2open Holdings’ and our restricted subsidiaries’ ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from the disposition. We may not be able to complete those dispositions or obtain the proceeds that we could realize from them and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations.

A lowering or withdrawal of the ratings assigned to our debt securities by rating agencies may increase our future borrowing costs and reduce our access to capital.

Our debt currently has a non-investment grade rating, and any rating assigned could be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency if, in that rating agency’s judgment, future circumstances relating to the basis of the rating, such as adverse changes in our performance under assorted financial metrics and other measures of financial strength, our business and financial risk, our industry or other factors determined by such rating agency, so warrant. There can be no assurances that our credit ratings or outlook will not be lowered in the future in response to adverse changes in these metrics and factors caused by our operating results or by actions that we take, that reduce our profitability, or that require us to incur additional indebtedness for items such as substantial acquisitions, significant increases in costs and capital spending in security and IT systems, significant costs related to settlements of litigation or regulatory requirements or by returning excess cash to shareholders through dividends. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit rating will generally affect the market value of our indebtedness. Additionally, credit ratings may not reflect the potential effect of risks relating to the structure of our indebtedness. Any future lowering of our ratings likely would make it more difficult or more expensive for us to obtain additional debt financing and may reduce our profitability.

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Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory

We may not be able to adequately protect our proprietary and intellectual property rights in our data or technology.

We may be unsuccessful in adequately protecting our intellectual property. No assurance can be given that confidentiality, non-disclosure or invention assignment agreements with employees, consultants or other parties will not be breached and will otherwise be effective in controlling access to and distribution of our platform or solutions, or certain aspects of our platform or solutions and proprietary information. Further, these agreements do not prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our platform or solutions. Additionally, certain unauthorized use of our intellectual property may go undetected, or we may face legal or practical barriers to enforcing our legal rights even where unauthorized use is detected.

We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect these rights, and we may or may not be able to detect infringement by our clients or third parties. Litigation has been and may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights.

Our use of open source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and subject us to possible litigation.

Some of our products incorporate open source software, and we intend to continue to use open source software in the future. Some open source licenses are unclear and there is a risk that open source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our solutions. Such a situation could result in infringement claims and the need to reengineer our solutions, both of which could be costly depending on the specific circumstances. In addition to license risk, use of open source software may increase security vulnerabilities or infringing or broken code if not properly supported and managed.

We may in the future be sued by third parties for various claims including alleged infringement of proprietary intellectual property rights.

As a supplier of supply chain solutions, we rely on and use software and data that we create as well as those from third-party sources. Often, our clients are processing data through our solutions that we do not review. While we generally attempt to protect against such risks with contractual obligations and indemnities, despite our efforts, we may receive claims that we have infringed a third party’s intellectual property rights or breached a contract.

As a result of claims against us regarding suspected infringement, our technologies may be subject to injunction, we may be required to pay damages or we may have to seek a license to continue certain practices (which may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all), all of which may significantly increase our operating expenses or may require us to restrict our business activities and limit our ability to deliver our products and services and/or certain features, integrations and capabilities of our platform. As a result, we may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense and/or cause us to alter our products or services, potentially negatively affecting our business. Further, many of our subscription agreements require us to indemnify our customers for third-party intellectual property infringement claims, so any alleged infringement by us resulting in claims against such customers would increase our liability. Additionally, our exposure to risks associated with various claims, including the use of intellectual property, may be increased as a result of acquisitions of other companies.

We are subject to sanctions, anti-corruption, anti-bribery and similar laws, and non-compliance with such laws can subject us to criminal penalties or significant fines and harm our business and reputation.

We are subject to requirements under the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), anti-corruption, anti-bribery and similar laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (FCPA), the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 and other anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws have been enforced aggressively in recent years and are interpreted broadly and prohibit companies, their employees and agents from promising, authorizing, making, offering or providing anything of value to a “foreign official” for the purposes of influencing official decisions or obtaining or retaining business, or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment. As we increase our international sales and business, our risks under these laws may increase. In addition, we may use third parties to sell access to our platform and conduct business on our behalf abroad. We can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of such future third-party intermediaries, and our employees, representatives, contractors, partners and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. Any violation of economic and trade sanction laws, export and import laws, the FCPA or other applicable anti-corruption laws or anti-money laundering laws could also result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges or our license issued by OFAC, severe criminal or civil sanctions, and, in the case of the FCPA, suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, any of which could have a materially adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations and prospects.

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Changes in tax laws or regulations in the various tax jurisdictions we are subject to that are applied adversely to us or our paying customers could increase the costs of our products and services and harm our business.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various jurisdictions outside of the United States. Significant judgment is often required in the determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes. Any changes, ambiguity or uncertainty in taxing jurisdictions’ administrative interpretations, decisions, policies and positions could materially impact our income tax liabilities. We may also be subject to additional tax liabilities and penalties due to changes in non-income based taxes resulting from changes in federal, state or international tax laws; changes in taxing jurisdictions’ administrative interpretations, decisions, policies and positions; results of tax examinations, settlements or judicial decisions; changes in accounting principles; changes to the business operations, including acquisitions; and the evaluation of new information that results in a change to a tax position taken in a prior period. Any resulting increase in our tax obligation or cash taxes paid could adversely affect our cash flows and financial results. Additionally, new income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time. Those enactments could harm our domestic and international business operations, our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Further, tax regulations could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us. These events could require us or our paying customers to pay additional tax amounts on a prospective or retroactive basis, as well as require us or our paying customers to pay fines and/or penalties and interest for past amounts deemed to be due. If we raise our prices to offset the costs of these changes, existing and potential future paying customers may elect not to purchase our products and services.

As a multinational organization, we may be subject to taxation in various jurisdictions around the world with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which can be uncertain. Countries, trading regions and local taxing jurisdictions have differing rules and regulations governing sales and use taxes, and these rules and regulations are subject to varying interpretations that may change over time. We collect and remit U.S. sales and value-added tax (VAT) in several jurisdictions. However, it is possible that we could face sales tax or VAT audits and that our liability for these taxes could exceed our estimates as tax authorities could still assert that we are obligated to collect additional tax amounts from our paying customers and remit those taxes to those authorities. We could also be subject to audits in states and international jurisdictions for which we have not accrued tax liabilities. Further, one or more state or foreign authorities could seek to impose additional sales, use or other tax collection and record-keeping obligations on us or may determine that such taxes should have, but have not been, paid by us. Liability for past taxes may also include substantial interest and penalty charges. Any successful action by state, foreign or other authorities to compel us to collect and remit sales tax, use tax or other taxes, either retroactively, prospectively or both, could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As our business continues to grow and if we become more profitable, we anticipate that our income tax obligations could significantly increase. If our existing tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards become fully utilized, we may be unable to offset or otherwise mitigate our tax obligations to the same extent as in prior years. This could have a material impact to our future cash flows or operating results.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to limitation.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes in any taxable year may be limited if we experience an “ownership change.” A Section 382 “ownership change” generally occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of our stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. The Business Combination resulted in an ownership change with respect to our corporate subsidiaries, which may limit our ability to utilize pre-existing tax attributes of such corporate subsidiaries. In addition, future issuances of our common stock could cause an “ownership change.” It is possible that any such ownership change, or any future ownership change, could have a material effect on the use of our net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and profitability.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

A significant portion of our Class A Common Stock is restricted from immediate resale, but it may be sold into the market in the future. This could cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

The market price of shares of our Class A Common Stock could decline as a result of substantial sales of our Class A Common Stock (particularly by our significant stockholders), a large number of shares of our Class A Common Stock becoming available for sale or the perception in the market that holders of a large number of shares intend to sell their shares. Sales of a substantial number of shares of common stock in the public market could occur at any time. As of May 14, 2021, we had 187,051,142 shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding.

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In connection with the Business Combination, certain parties entered into the Investor Rights Agreement, pursuant to which such stockholders are entitled to, among other things, certain registration rights, including demand, piggy-back and shelf registration rights. Certain parties to the Investor Rights Agreement, including Insight Partners and the Sponsor, as well as our directors and officers, have agreed not to sell, transfer, pledge or otherwise dispose of shares of our Class A Common Stock they hold for a six-month period. However, upon expiration of the six-month period, the sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly.

We may issue additional shares of our Class A Common Stock or other equity securities without your approval, which would dilute your ownership interests and may depress the market price of your shares.

We may issue additional shares of our Class A Common Stock or other equity securities of equal or senior rank in the future in connection with, among other things, future acquisitions, repayment of outstanding indebtedness or under our 2021 Incentive Plan, without stockholder approval, in a number of circumstances.

Our issuance of additional shares of our Class A Common Stock or other equity securities of equal or senior rank could have the following effects:

If analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our Class A Common Stock, then the price and trading volume of our securities could decline.

The trading market for our Class A Common Stock and public warrants will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business and operations, our market or our competitors. Our current securities and industry analysts may elect to drop their coverage of us, and others, may never publish research on us. If no securities or industry analysts publish coverage of us, the trading price and trading volume of our securities will likely be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our securities will likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our trading price or trading volume of our securities to decline.

We may amend the terms of the warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of the public warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants. As a result, the exercise price of your warrants could be increased, the exercise period could be shortened and the number of shares of Class A Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant could be decreased, all without your approval.

Our warrants were issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but an amendment requires the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the registered holders of the public warrants.

Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the public warrants in a manner adverse to a holder if holders of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants approve of such amendment. Although our ability to amend the terms of the public warrants with the consent of at least 50% of the then outstanding public warrants is unlimited, examples of such amendments could be amendments to, among other things, increase the exercise price of the warrants, convert the warrants into cash, shorten the exercise period or decrease the number of shares of Class A Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of a warrant.

Our warrants may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

We issued warrants to purchase 13,800,000 of our Class A ordinary shares as part of the units offered in the IPO (of which 13,799,972 are currently outstanding) and, simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, we issued in a private placement an aggregate of 10,280,000, each exercisable to purchase one Class A ordinary share at $11.50 per share, each of which entitled the holder to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock upon the Domestication. We also issued 5,000,000 Forward Purchase Warrants pursuant to the Forward Purchase Agreement. The Forward Purchase Warrants, when exercised, will increase the number of issued and outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and reduce the value of the Class A Common Stock.

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General Risks

Changes in existing financial accounting standards or practices may harm our results of operations.

We regularly monitor our compliance with applicable financial reporting standards and review new pronouncements and interpretations that are relevant to us. Changes in existing accounting rules or practices, new accounting pronouncements or varying interpretations of current accounting pronouncements could negatively impact our results of operations. Further, such changes could potentially affect our reporting of transactions completed before such changes are effective. U.S. GAAP is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results and affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.

Any difficulties in implementing these pronouncements could cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could result in regulatory discipline and harm investors’ confidence in us.

We may be subject to liability if we breach our contracts, and our insurance may be inadequate to cover our losses.

We are subject to numerous obligations in our contracts with organizations using our products and services, as well as vendors and other companies with which we do business. We may breach these commitments, whether through a weakness in our procedures, systems and internal controls; negligence; or through the willful act of an employee or contractor. Our insurance policies, including our errors and omissions insurance, may be inadequate to compensate us for the potentially significant losses that may result from claims arising from breaches of our contracts, as well as disruptions in our services, failures or disruptions to our infrastructure, catastrophic events and disasters, or otherwise.

In addition, our insurance may not cover all claims made against us, and defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and divert management’s attention. Further, such insurance may not be available to us in the future on economically reasonable terms, or at all.

We may be subject to litigation for any of a variety of claims, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In the ordinary course of business, we may be involved in and subject to litigation for a variety of claims or disputes and receive regulatory inquiries. These claims, lawsuits and proceedings could include labor and employment, wage and hour, commercial, data privacy, antitrust, alleged securities law violations or other investor claims and other matters. The number and significance of these potential claims and disputes may increase as our business expands. Any claim against us, regardless of its merit, could be costly, divert management’s attention and operational resources and harm our reputation. As litigation is inherently unpredictable, we cannot assure you that any potential claims or disputes will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any claims or litigation, even if fully indemnified or insured, could make it more difficult to compete effectively or to obtain adequate insurance in the future.

In addition, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our contractual, property and other rights, including collection of payments and fees. Litigation has been and may be necessary in the future to enforce such rights. Such litigation could be costly, time consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of our rights. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of such rights. Our inability to protect our rights as well as any costly litigation or diversion of our management’s attention and resources, could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition or injure our reputation.

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Changes in laws and regulations related to the internet or changes in the internet infrastructure itself may diminish the demand for our platform and could harm our business.

The future success of our business depends upon the continued use of the internet as a primary medium for commerce, communication and business applications. Federal, state or foreign governmental bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws or regulations affecting the use of the internet as a commercial medium. The adoption of any laws or regulations that could reduce the growth, popularity or use of the internet, including laws or practices limiting internet neutrality, could decrease the demand for, or the usage of, our products and services, increase our cost of doing business and harm our results of operations. Changes in these laws or regulations could require us to modify our platform, or certain aspects of our platform, in order to comply with these changes. In addition, government agencies or private organizations have imposed and may impose additional taxes, fees or other charges for accessing the internet or commerce conducted via the internet. These laws or charges could limit the growth of internet-related commerce or communications generally or result in reductions in the demand for internet-based products such as ours. In addition, the use of the internet as a business tool could be harmed due to delays in the development or adoption of new standards and protocols to handle increased demands of internet activity, security, reliability, cost, ease-of-use, accessibility and quality of service. Further, our platform depends on the quality of our users’ access to the internet.

On June 11, 2018, the repeal of the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC), “net neutrality” rules took effect and returned to a “light-touch” regulatory framework. The prior rules were designed to ensure that all online content is treated the same by internet service providers and other companies that provide broadband services. Additionally, on September 30, 2018, California enacted the California Internet Consumer Protection and Net Neutrality Act of 2018, making California the fourth state to enact a state-level net neutrality law since the FCC repealed its nationwide regulations, mandating that all broadband services in California must be provided in accordance with state net neutrality requirements. The U.S. Department of Justice has sued to block the law going into effect, and California has agreed to delay enforcement until the resolution of the FCC’s repeal of the federal rules. A number of other states are considering legislation or executive actions that would regulate the conduct of broadband providers. We cannot predict whether the FCC order or state initiatives will be modified, overturned or vacated by legal action of the court, federal legislation or the FCC. With the repeal of net neutrality rules in effect, we could incur greater operating expenses, which could harm our results of operations. As the internet continues to experience growth in the number of users, frequency of use and amount of data transmitted, the internet infrastructure that we and our users rely on may be unable to support the demands placed upon it. The failure of the internet infrastructure that we or our users rely on, even for a short period of time, could undermine our operations and harm our results of operations.

Internet access is frequently provided by companies that have significant market power that could take actions that degrade, disrupt or increase the cost of user access to our platform, which would negatively impact our business. The performance of the internet and its acceptance as a business tool has been harmed by “viruses,” “worms” and similar malicious programs, and the internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damage to portions of its infrastructure. If the use of the internet is adversely affected by these issues, demand for our platform could decline.

We could incur greater operating expenses and our user acquisition and retention could be negatively impacted if network operators:

In addition, national-level “fire walls” can disrupt existing usage of our applications as well as prevent expansion into certain geographies.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

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Item 2.  Properties

Our corporate headquarters is located at 9600 Great Hills Trail #300E, Austin, Texas 78759. In addition, we lease other corporate office spaces in the following locations:

Our data centers are operated through co-location facilities, where we provide our own equipment to be used in leased space. We utilize and optimize data centers and public cloud services throughout the world to attain secure application availability, at a minimum, of 99.5% uptime infrastructure. The following table sets forth our material technology infrastructure, including location and function, for our properties throughout the world (all of which are leased). While the data center space is leased, we own all the equipment and gear that sits within those data centers.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are subject to contingencies that arise in the ordinary course of business. We record an accrual for a contingency when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We do not currently believe the resolution of any such contingencies will have a material adverse effect upon our Consolidated Balance Sheets, Statements of Operations or Statements of Cash Flows.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information and Holders of Record

Our Class A Common Stock and public warrants are listed on the NYSE under the symbols “ETWO” and “ETWO-WT,” respectively. As of May 14, 2021, there were 171 and 3 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock and warrants, respectively.

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Dividends

We do not intend to declare or pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our management anticipates that all earnings and other cash resources, if any, will be retained for investment in our business.

Warrants

As of February 28, 2021, there were 13,800,000 public warrants, 10,280,000 private placement warrants and 5,000,000 Forward Purchase Warrants outstanding. Each warrant entitles its holder to purchase one share of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. The private placement warrants became exercisable upon the Domestication. The Forward Purchase Warrants became exercisable upon the effectiveness of our Form S-1 which was initially filed on March 5, 2021 and became effective March 29, 2021. The public warrants became exercisable on April 28, 2021. The private placement warrants, public warrants and Forward Purchase Warrants expire five years after the Closing Date, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

See Note 18, Stockholders’ Equity in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about redemption of the warrants.

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data

Not applicable.

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This item contains a discussion of our business, including a general overview of our properties, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources and quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes beginning on page 64. This Item 7 contains “forward-looking” statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See Forward-Looking Statements at the beginning of this 2021 Form 10-K.

Our fiscal year end is the final day in February. Our fiscal years 2021 and 2020 ended February 28, 2021 and February 29, 2020, respectively, and were each fifty-two-week periods.

Overview

We are a leading provider of 100% cloud-based, end-to-end SCM software. Our software combines networks, data and applications to provide a deeply embedded, mission-critical platform that allows customers to optimize their supply chain by accelerating growth, reducing costs, increasing visibility and driving improved resiliency. Given the mission-critical nature of our solutions, we maintain deep, long-term relationships with our customers, which is reflected by our gross retention and customer tenure. In aggregate, we serve more than 1,200 customers in over 180 countries across a wide range of end-markets, including technology, consumer, industrial and transportation, among others.

We operate in what we believe is an attractive industry with strong secular tailwinds and a large TAM of more than $45 billion. This TAM is comprised of significant whitespace, which we estimate is more than $1 billion. This opportunity within our existing customer base is largely driven by their current technology solution which is often aa combination of legacy point solutions and home-grown applications, which are tied together with manual processes and spreadsheets. As manufacturing has evolved from brands owning the full production lifecycle to orchestrating disparate manufacturing, distribution and selling processes, supply chains have grown more complex, increasing demand for software solutions like ours and the need to modernize the existing technology landscape with cloud-based modern solutions. We believe our fully cloud-based, end-to-end software platform offers a differentiated solution for customers that gives them significantly better value as compared to solutions offered by some of our competitors.

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Our Go-To-Market Strategy

Our go-to-market strategy is focused on both expanding the adoption of our product portfolio with existing customers and the acquisition of new customers. We primarily focus our selling efforts on large enterprise organizations and sell our software through a direct sales force and channel partners. Additionally, we have a high-velocity inside sales organization to serve small and medium-sized businesses. Our go-to-market strategy enables our sales force to develop deep, long-term relationships with existing and potential customers across the relevant functions, from buying managers, IT resources, division leaders and C-level executives. Importantly, we believe that our go-to-market approach focused on customers is a competitive advantage compared to competitors whose go-to-market approach is often focused on products. We believe this enables us to sustain our high customer retention and long customer tenure as well as drive maximum spend within each customer.

Our sales organization is comprised of field sales, inside sales and sales development personnel, and we align these teams based on customer size and industry. We focus initially on solving a customer’s primary need, usually a specific piece of their supply chain. Once a customer adopts our solution and witnesses the power of our unique platform, we focus on cross-selling additional products and up-selling additional departments, divisions and geographies with the same solution. We have found that experience with our SaaS platform is the most effective selling tool.

The Business Combination

On February 4, 2021, E2open Holdings and CCNB1 completed the Business Combination contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, CCNB1 acquired a majority interest in E2open Holdings through a series of mergers, with E2open Holdings becoming a direct subsidiary of CCNB1. In connection with the completion of the Business Combination, CCNB1 changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from the Cayman Islands to the State of Delaware and changed its name to “E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.”

Upon completion of the Business Combination, CCNB1 was deemed the accounting acquirer and E2open the accounting acquiree. Under the acquisition method of accounting, CCNB1’s assets and liabilities retained their carrying values and the assets and liabilities associated with E2open Holdings were recorded at their fair values measured as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. The cash consideration in the Business Combination included cash from (1) the Trust Account in the amount of $414.0 million, (2) $525.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of a new term loan, (3) $695.0 million in proceeds from the PIPE Investment and (4) $200.0 million in proceeds from Forward Purchase Agreement. These proceeds were used to pay (x) $601.1 million in cash consideration payable to certain equity owners and option holders of E2open Holdings, including certain non-recurring seller transaction expenses, (y) $978.5 million of existing E2open debt and accrued interest and (z) total non-recurring transaction costs of $105.2 million. The non-recurring transaction costs included acquisition-related advisory fees in connection with the Business Combination, deferred underwriting commissions in connection with CCNB1’s IPO and debt issuance costs related to the new credit agreement entered into in connection with the Business Combination but excluded certain seller costs to be paid by the equity owners of E2open Holdings. The deferred underwriting commissions and costs pertaining to the reverse merger were treated as a reduction of equity while merger-related costs were expensed in the period in which the Business Combination closed. The debt issuance costs were capitalized as a reduction to the outstanding debt balances. In addition, certain options to purchase equity interests in E2open Holdings were accelerated upon the Closing Date, which resulted in a non-recurring expense of approximately $28.2 million in the period from February 4, 2021 through February 28, 2021. Additionally, unit-based compensation expense of $4.7 million was recognized during the period from February 4, 2021 through February 28, 2021 related to the restricted Series B-1 and B-2 common stock issued in connection with the Business Combination for the accelerated unvested options and restricted units.

As a result of the Business Combination, our financial results are broken out between the Predecessor period (March 1, 2020 through February 3, 2021) and the Successor period (February 4, 2021 through February 28, 2021).

Impact of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused business disruptions worldwide beginning in January 2020. The full extent to which the pandemic will impact our business, operations, cash flows and financial condition will depend on future developments that are difficult to accurately predict. We have experienced modest adverse impacts as it relates to lengthening of sales cycles and delays in delivering professional services and training to our customers.

Although parts of our business have seemingly returned to pre-pandemic levels, the recent surge in COVID-19, specifically in India. demonstrates that the impact of the pandemic is not yet complete. The global pandemic continues to evolve, and we are carefully monitoring the situation to understand its impacts on our business and operations.

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Key Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Effective March 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), and all the related amendments, using the modified retrospective method. We adopted the new standard for all customer contracts. See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

We generate revenue from the sale of subscriptions and professional services. We recognize revenue when the customer contract and associated performance obligations have been identified; the transaction price has been determined and allocated to the performance obligations in the contract; and the performance obligations have been satisfied.

Subscription Revenue

We offer cloud-based on-demand software solutions, which enable our customers to have constant access to our solutions without the need to manage and support the software and associated hardware themselves. We house the hardware and software in third-party facilities and provide our customers with access to the software solutions, along with data security and storage, backup, recovery services and solution support. Our customer contracts typically have a term of three to five years. We primarily invoice our customers for subscriptions in advance for the annual use of the software solutions. Our payment terms typically require customers to pay within 30 to 90 days from the invoice date.

We also offer applications which enable our customers to have access to an electronic commerce transaction platform for the international container shipping industry. We charge either fixed annual subscription fees or volume-based transaction fees based on the volume of transactions booked on the platform for this product. For subscription-based contracts, we generally invoice annually in advance. Under the previous standard, we limited subscription revenue recognition to the contractually billable amounts in each year of the subscription. Under the new standard, subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the life of the contract. The impact of this change was insignificant; therefore, no cumulative adjustment was made to the opening balance sheet for revenue recognition at the adoption of the new standard. For transactional based contracts, we primarily recognize revenue and invoices for these transactions monthly once incurred. This is unchanged from the previous standard. Transaction based contracts represented less than 3% of our revenue in the combined Successor and Predecessor periods in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021.

Professional Services

Professional services revenue is derived primarily from fees for enabling services, including solution consulting and solution deployment. These services are often sold in conjunction with the sale of our solutions. We provide professional services primarily on a time and materials basis, but also on a fixed fee basis. Customers are invoiced for professional services either monthly in arrears or, as with fixed fee arrangements, in advance and upon reaching project milestones. Professional services revenue is recognized over time. For services that are contracted at a fixed price, progress is generally measured based on labor hours incurred as a percentage of the total estimated hours required for complete satisfaction of the related performance obligations. For services that are contracted on time and materials or a prepaid basis, progress is generally based on actual labor hours expended. These input methods (e.g., hours incurred or expended) are considered a faithful depiction of our efforts to satisfy services contracts as they represent the performance obligation consumed by the customer and performed by us, and therefore reflect the transfer of services to a customer under contract. The adoption of the new standard did not result in a material change to the revenue recognition of professional services.

We enter into arrangements with multiple performance obligations comprised of subscriptions and professional services. Arrangements with customers typically do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the on-demand solutions. We primarily account for subscription and professional services revenue as separate units of accounting and allocate revenue to each deliverable in an arrangement based on a standalone selling price. We evaluate the standalone selling price for each element by considering prices we charge for similar offerings, size of the order and historical pricing practices.

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Total Revenue by Geographic Locations

Revenues by geographical region consisted of the following:

Revenues by geography are determined based on the region of our contracting entity, which may be different than the region of the customer. Americas revenue attributed to the United States was approximately 96%, 96%, 96% and 98% during the periods from February 4, 2021 through February 28, 2021 and March 1, 2020 through February 3, 2021 and fiscal years ended February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2019, respectively. No other country represented more than ten percent of total revenue during these periods.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of Subscription Revenue

Cost of subscription revenue consists primarily of costs related to delivering our service and providing support to customers, including personnel and related costs, costs associated with data center capacity, fees paid to third parties to license their technology and depreciation expense directly related to delivering our solutions. We generally expense our cost of subscription revenue as we incur the costs.

Cost of Professional Services Revenue

Cost of professional services revenue consists primarily of personnel and related travel costs, the costs of contracted third-party vendors and reimbursable expenses. As our personnel are employed on a full-time basis, our cost of professional services is largely fixed in the short-term, while our professional services revenue may fluctuate, leading to fluctuations in professional services gross profit. We expense our cost of professional services revenue as we incur the costs.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Research and development expenses primarily consist of personnel and related costs of our research and development staff, costs of certain third-party contractors, depreciation, amortization and other allocated costs. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred, excluding the capitalization of internally developed software costs.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of personnel and related costs for our sales and marketing staff. It also includes the costs of promotional events, corporate communications, online marketing, solution marketing and other brand-building activities, in addition to depreciation, amortization and other allocated costs. When the initial customer contract is signed and upon any renewal, we capitalize and amortize commission costs under ASC 606, as an expense over the period in which products are expected to be delivered to customers, where the commission is directly attributable to a contract, including expected renewals, which is estimated to be four years. If a subscription agreement is terminated, we recognize the unamortized portion of any deferred commission cost as an expense immediately upon such termination. Certain sales commissions are contingent on future customer billings and are expensed as incurred to sales and marketing expense.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel and related costs for our executive, administrative, finance, information technology, legal, accounting, investor relations and human resource staff. It also includes professional fees; expenses related to our board of directors; public company costs; other corporate expenses; depreciation; amortization; and other allocated costs.

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Interest and Other Expense, Net

Interest and other expense, net, consists primarily of interest income on our cash balances; interest expense on our outstanding debt and capital lease obligations; foreign currency realized and unrealized gains and losses; and gains and losses on the disposal of fixed assets.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods ended February 28, 2021 consists of a deferred income tax benefit and current tax expense. The current income taxes primarily result from our profitable operations in foreign subsidiaries, which are subject to corporate income taxes in foreign jurisdictions, plus a relatively small amount of U.S. federal and state income taxes not offset by net operating loss carryforwards. The deferred income tax benefit is primarily due to a reduction in overall state deferred liabilities resulting from certain state tax law changes, the impact on our effective state tax rates from changes in our transfer pricing policies and increase in state net operating losses in certain jurisdictions, offset by valuation allowances and E2open Parent Holdings, Inc.’s investment in E2open Holdings. The deferred tax assets of certain other U.S corporate tax consolidated groups and non-U.S. jurisdictions remain offset by a valuation allowance. Realization of these deferred tax assets depends upon future earnings, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. Utilization of our net operating losses may be subject to annual limitations due to the ownership change rules under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (IRS Code), and similar state provisions. We have analyzed the effect of the IRS Code Section 382 for each of our acquisitions. Based on analysis of acquired net operating losses and credits, utilization of our net operating losses and research and development credits will be subject to annual limitations. In the event we have future changes in ownership, the availability of net operating loss carryforwards could be further limited.

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Results of Operations

The following table is our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods indicated:

The comparability of our operating results for the periods from February 4, 2021 through February 28, 2021 and March 1, 2020 through February 3, 2021 as compared to the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020 was impacted by the Business Combination in February 2021 and the acquisition of Amber Road in July 2019. In the discussion of our results of operations, we may quantitatively disclose the impact of our acquired products and services to the extent they remain ascertainable. Expense contributions from our acquisition for the respective period comparisons generally were not separately identifiable due to the integration of these businesses into our existing operations.

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February 4, 2021 through February 28, 2021 (Successor) and March 1, 2020 through February 3, 2021 (Predecessor) compared to Fiscal year ended February 29, 2020 (Predecessor)

Revenue

Subscription revenue was $273.8 million for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included within the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, a $29.8 million, or 12%, increase compared to subscription revenue of $244.0 million for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. The increase in subscription revenue was primarily related to the acquisition of Amber Road. The balance of the increase was primarily related to new organic subscription sales in the prior periods, predominantly driven by increases in products utilized across our customer portfolio.

Professional services revenue was $56.2 million for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, a $4.9 million, or 8%, decrease compared to $61.1 million for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which delayed the delivery of professional services and training to our customers, mainly due to our customers’ focus on switching to remote operations during the first half of fiscal 2021, which began on March 1, 2021. Importantly, although the COVID-19 pandemic delayed planned customer engagements, we did not experience any material cancellations of engagements. Professional services revenue was also impacted by fewer new subscription sales closed in early fiscal 2021 as compared to the fiscal 2020. We attribute this temporary delay in closing new subscription sales to the COVID-19 pandemic as our customers were focused on the impact of the pandemic on their operations rather than launching new technology projects.

Our subscription revenue as a percentage of total revenue increased to 83% for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021 compared to 80% for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020 driven primarily by the increase in subscription revenue and decline in professional services revenue described above.

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Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Cost of subscriptions was $63.4 million for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, a $4.3 million, or 7%, increase compared to $59.1 million for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. This increase is primarily related to the acquisition of Amber Road and $2.5 million of unit-based compensation recognized related to the acceleration of unvested options and restricted units of E2open Holdings in connection with the Business Combination, partially offset by the realization of acquisition-related cost savings from acquisitions.

Cost of professional services revenue was $44.8 million for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, a $2.4 million, or 6%, increase compared to $42.4 million for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. This increase is primarily related to the acquisition of Amber Road and $0.7 million unit-based compensation recognized related to the acceleration of unvested options and restricted units of E2open Holdings in connection with the Business Combination. We have proactively decided to invest in our professional services organization during the COVID-19 pandemic as a means of providing additional service to and deeper relationships with our customers.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets was $23.0 million for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, a $3.4 million, or 18%, increase compared to $19.5 million for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020, driven primarily by additional intangibles from the acquisition of Amber Road and the reevaluation of the intangible assets as part of the Business Combination in February 2021.

Our subscriptions gross margin remained consistent at 68% for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal years ended February 28, 2021 and the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. Our professional services gross margin declined to 20% for fiscal 2021 from 31% in the fiscal 2020, primarily due to lower professional services revenue in the current period as described above.

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Research and Development

Research and development expenses were $64.2 million for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, a $2.4 million, or 4%, increase compared to $61.9 million in the prior year. The increase is due to $5.2 million of additional unit-based compensation expense recognized related to the acceleration of unvested options and restricted units of E2open Holdings in connection with the Business Combination, partially offset by leveraging the existing E2open operating model and managerial structure resulting in cost savings associated with the acquisition of Amber Road.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses were $54.8 million for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, a $1.2 million, or 2%, increase compared to $53.6 million in the prior year. The increase is primarily related to $5.1 million of additional unit-based compensation recognized related to the acceleration of unvested options and restricted units of E2open Holdings in connection with the Business Combination and associated costs of the Amber Road acquisition, partially offset by the realization of acquisition-related cost savings from historical acquisitions.

General and Administrative

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General and administrative expenses were $60.5 million for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, a $8.7 million, or 17%, increase compared to $51.8 million in the prior year. The increase is driven primarily by $14.7 million of additional unit-based compensation recognized related to the acceleration of unvested options and restricted units of E2open Holdings in connection with the Business Combination and $4.7 million unit-based compensation for the restricted Series B-1 and B-2 common stock issued in connection with the Business Combination for the accelerated unvested options and restricted units during fiscal 2021. These increases were partially offset by the $9.5 million of unit-based compensation attributable to the acceleration of certain unit-based awards in connection with the Amber Road acquisition during fiscal 2020, as well as the realization of acquisition-related cost savings from historical acquisitions.

Other Operating Expenses

Other operating expenses were $51.2 million for combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal 2021, a $6.7 million, or 11%, decrease compared to $57.8 million in the prior year. The decrease is mainly due to the significant transaction related expenses incurred in fiscal 2020 for Amber Road.

Interest and Other Expense, Net

Interest expense increased to $67.4 million for combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal 2021, a $0.2 million decrease compared to $67.6 million in the prior year. This decrease is driven primarily by the incremental debt incurred to finance the acquisition of Amber Road, partially offset by the reduction in outstanding debt as well as the associated interest rate on the debt refinanced in the Business Combination and other income earned during fiscal 2021.

In connection with the Business Combination, we repaid the full outstanding principal balance of $907.3 million of the Term Loan Due 2024, as defined below, using proceeds from the Business Combination. Additionally, we entered into a new $525.0 million term loan and a $75.0 million revolver in connection with the Business Combination. See Debt below for additional details.

Gain from Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liability

We recorded a gain of $23.2 million during the period from February 4, 2021 through February 28, 2021 for the change in fair value on the revaluation of our warrant liability associated with our public, private placement and forward purchase warrants. We are required to revalue the warrants at the end of each reporting period and reflect in the Consolidated Statements of Operations a gain or loss from the change in fair value of the warrant liability in the period in which the change occurred. We did not have outstanding warrants prior to the Business Combination.

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Gain from Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration

We recorded a gain of $33.7 million during the period from February 4, 2021 through February 28, 2021 for the change in fair value on the revaluation of our contingent consideration associated with our restricted Series B-1 and B-2 common stock and Sponsor Side Letter. We are required to revalue the contingent consideration at the end of each reporting period and reflect in the Consolidated Statements of Operations a gain or loss from the change in fair value of the contingent consideration in the period in which the change occurred.

Provision for Income Taxes

Loss before income taxes is $42.4 million for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, a $66.3 million, or 61%, decrease compared to $108.6 million for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. This decrease is related primarily to the acquisition of Amber Road, stronger operating results, the $9.5 million unit-based compensation recognized in fiscal 2020 attributable to the acceleration of certain unit-based awards related to the Amber Road acquisition, additional integration-related cost savings realized from historical acquisitions, $23.2 million income for the fair value adjustment as of February 28, 2021 for the warrant liability and $33.7 million income associated with the fair value adjustment as of February 28, 2021 for the contingent consideration liability related to the Sponsor Side Letter and restricted Series B-1 and B-2 common stock. The benefits were partially offset by higher interest expense in fiscal 2020 due to incremental debt incurred to finance the Amber Road acquisition, $28.2 million of unit-based compensation expense related to the acceleration of unvested options and restricted units of E2open Holdings in connection with the Business Combination and $4.7 million of unit-based compensation expense for the restricted Series B-1 and B-2 common stock issued in connection with the Business Combination for the accelerated unvested options and restricted units.

Notwithstanding that the $7.3 million income tax benefit is substantially the same for each period, the effective tax rate is 17.2% for the combined Predecessor and Successor periods included in the fiscal year ended February 28, 2021, compared 6.2%, for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020. The overall increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the relative change in state taxes, earnings at affiliate, changes in valuation allowances and changes due to the fair value of equity compensation related to the Business Combination.

Fiscal year ended February 29, 2020 compared to Fiscal year ended February 28, 2019

Revenue

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Subscription revenue was $244.0 million in fiscal year 2020, a $90.4 million, or 59%, increase compared to $153.6 million in fiscal year 2019. The increase in subscription revenue was primarily related to the acquisitions of INTTRA and Amber Road. The balance of the increase was primarily related to new organic subscription sales in the prior periods, predominantly driven by increases in products utilized across our customer portfolio. The impact of changes in price per product has not been material. As customers become larger, our pricing model recognizes various factors such as number of products purchased and the penetration of those products within a customer’s operations. As such, when a customer buys more product, their average cost per product may decline even though total revenue from that customer may increase.

Professional services revenue was $61.1 million in fiscal year 2020, a $13.5 million, or 28%, increase compared to $47.6 million in fiscal year 2019. This increase was primarily related to the acquisitions of INTTRA and Amber Road. The balance of the increase was primarily related to additional professional services revenue related to the new organic subscription sales in the prior periods.

Subscription revenue increased to 80% of total revenue for our fiscal year ending February 29, 2020 from 76% in the comparable prior year period. This increase is primarily related to the acquisitions of INTTRA and Amber Road, which had relatively higher subscription revenue as a percentage of their respective total revenue bases.

Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin