EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. - Annual Report: 2015 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)



x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number 001-36306

Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)



Delaware	2834	20-8179278
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

50 Tice Boulevard, Suite 315

Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677

(201) 326-5300

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock (par value $0.001 per share), NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer o	Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

The aggregate market value of voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on was approximately $739,767,440 computed by reference to the last reported sale price of $80.86 per share as reported by The NASDAQ Global Market, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2015. This calculation does not reflect a determination that certain persons are affiliates of the registrant for any other purpose.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, as of February 10, 2016 was 15,636,387 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Portions of the definitive proxy statement for our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders, which is to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K, to the extent described in Part III.

Table of Contents

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015



Part I		Page
Item 1.	Business	4
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	33
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	62
Item 2.	Properties	63
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	63
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	64
Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	64
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	66
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	67
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	83
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	84
Item 9.	Changes and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	84
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	84
Item 9B	Other Information	87
Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	87
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	87
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	87
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	87
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	88
Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	88
	Signatures
	Exhibit Index
	Index to Financial Statements

Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. name and logo and Ryanodex^®, are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Eagle Pharmaceuticals in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks, service marks or other tradenames appearing in this annual report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners. References to the “Company,” "Eagle Pharmaceuticals," "Eagle," “we,” “us” or “our” mean Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

This annual report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. For this purpose, any statements contained herein regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:


•	the success, cost and timing of our product development activities and clinical trials;


•	our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval of our products and product candidates, and any related restrictions, limitations, and/or warnings in the label of an approved product;


•	our ability to obtain funding for our operations;


•	our plans to research, develop and commercialize our products and product candidates;


•	our ability to attract collaborators with development, regulatory and commercialization expertise;


•	the size and growth potential of the markets for our products and product candidates, and our ability to serve those markets;


•	our ability to successfully commercialize our products and product candidates;


•	the rate and degree of market acceptance of our products and product candidates;


•	our ability to develop sales and marketing capabilities, whether alone or with potential future collaborators;


•	the performance of our strategic collaborators and success of our current strategic collaborations;


•	regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries;


•	the performance of our third-party suppliers and manufacturers;


•	the success of competing drugs that are or become available;


•	the loss of key scientific or management personnel;


•	our use of the proceeds from our initial public offering; and subsequent follow-on offering;


•	the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;


•	our expectations regarding our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates; and


•	our ability to prevent or minimize the effects of Paragraph IV patent litigation.

Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts. Words such as “believes,” “potential,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “may,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “enables,” “potential,” “entitles,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements reflect our management’s beliefs and views with respect to future events, are based on estimates and assumptions as of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K, and are subject to risks and uncertainties. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. Some of these important factors include our “critical accounting estimates” described in Item 7 in Part II of this annual report and the factors set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A in Part I of this annual report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. Although we may elect to update forward-looking statements in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so (unless required by law), even if our estimates change, and readers should not rely on our forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this annual report.

PART I

Item 1. Business

Company Overview

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing injectable products, primarily in the critical care and oncology areas, using the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”)'s 505(b)(2) New Drug Application (“NDA”) regulatory pathway. Our business model is to develop proprietary innovations to FDA-approved, injectable drugs, which we refer to as branded reference drugs, that offer longer commercial duration at attractive prices compared to generic competitors. We market and/or commercialize our products through marketing partners or an external sales force and continue to improve and expand on our internal direct sales force.

For each of our current and future pre-commercial products, we intend to enter the market no later than the first generic drug and substantially convert the market by addressing the needs of stakeholders who ultimately use our products. We believe we can further extend commercial duration through new intellectual property protection and/or orphan drug exclusivity and three years of non-patent regulatory exclusivity for future product candidates, as provided under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, or the Hatch-Waxman Act, as applicable. We strive to enhance branded reference drugs to optimize their ease and safety of use for healthcare providers, produce less drug waste, lower cost to stakeholders, and create the opportunity for label expansion to additional indications. Our regulatory and commercial strategy is to introduce our pre-commercial products no later than the first generic competitor of the branded reference product, which provides us with the potential for superior pricing and helps diminish competition from impending generic products to the branded reference drug.

Our model has been validated by the approval and successful launches of our novel formulations of EP-1101 (argatroban) (“EP-1101”), Ryanodex^®(dantrolene sodium) (“Ryanodex”), and most recently, in January 2016, the FDA approvals and launches of docetaxel injection, non-alcohol formulation (“Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection”), and EP-3102 (rapidly infused bendamustine RTD) (“EP-3102 Bendeka”), licensed to and launched jointly with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. ("Teva").

Our product portfolio now includes five approved products: EP-1101, Ryanodex, Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection, diclofenac-misoprostol, and EP-3102 Bendeka. EP-1101 is marketed through two marketing partners, Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection was launched in January 2016, and EP-3102 Bendeka is being marketed by Teva.

We currently have four product candidates in advanced stages of development, and/or under review for approval by the FDA. Additionally we have other exploratory candidates under a collaborative agreement entered into in January 2016 with Albany Molecular Research, Inc. ("AMRI"). Our four advanced candidates are EP-6101 Kangio™ ready-to-use ("RTU") bivalirudin, currently under review for approval by the FDA, EP-4104 (dantrolene sodium) (“EP-4104”) for exertional heat stroke ("EHS"), and EP-5101 (pemetrexed) (“EP-5101”). Our leading near-term product candidate is Kangio™, a patented liquid intravenous form of Angiomax for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. EP-3101 is tentatively approved and we may begin commercializing in May 2016 upon expiry of drug exclusivity. Both EP-5101 and the potential label expansion of Ryanodexinto EHS may address unmet medical needs in major specialty markets.

In 2015 and the first quarter of 2016, we accomplished the following with respect to our product portfolio:

•

On February 13, 2015, we submitted an NDA to the FDA for EP-3102 Bendeka, which was approved by the FDA on December 8, 2015. Also, on February 13, 2015, we entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “Cephalon License”) with Cephalon, Inc. ("Cephalon"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Teva, for U.S. and Canadian rights to EP-3102 Bendeka for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, ("CLL") and patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ("NHL"). Pursuant to the terms of the Cephalon License, Cephalon is responsible for all U.S. commercial activities for the product including promotion and distribution, and we are responsible for obtaining and maintaining all regulatory approvals and conducting post-approval clinical studies. Under the terms of the Cephalon License, we received an upfront cash payment of $30 million, received a $15 million milestone in January 2016 related to the FDA approval of EP-3102 Bendeka in December 2015 and are currently eligible to receive up to $65 million in additional milestone payments. In addition, we are entitled to receive royalty payments of 20% on net sales of the product.


•	On April 7, 2015 and May 19, 2015, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) granted us Patents No. 9,000,021 and No. 9,034,908 for EP-3102 Bendeka, for treating patients requiring restricted fluid and/or sodium intake. These patents extend to March 2033.


•	On May 20, 2015, we submitted an NDA to the FDA for bivalirudin RTU which was accepted for filing by the FDA. The FDA action date for this NDA is March 19, 2016.


•	On September 29, 2015, the USPTO granted us Patent No. 9,144,568, which pertains to the use of EP-3102 Bendeka. The patent extends to March 2033.

•

On October 13, 2015, we entered into an exclusive U.S. licensing agreement (the “Teikoku Agreement”) with Teikoku Pharma USA, Inc. (“Teikoku”), whereby Teikoku granted to us a royalty-bearing, exclusive right and license under and to Teikoku's patent rights and know how to make, use, market, commercialize, and offer for sale Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection described in NDA 205934. Pursuant to the agreement, and after the FDA’s approval of NDA 205934 which happened on December 22, 2015, Teikoku also assigned NDA 205934 to us. In consideration for the license and assignment, we made an upfront payment to Teikoku upon signing and an additional milestone payment of $4.85 million upon Teikoku’s submission of the NDA transfer letter to the FDA in February 2016. In addition, commencing with the first commercial sale of the product, we will pay to Teikoku a royalty based on the gross margin generated by the product. The royalty owed to Teikoku will be reduced by a double-digit percentage for any sales in a period during which the product is not covered by a valid claim within the Teikoku patent rights.

•

On January 11, 2016, we entered into an agreement with AMRI to jointly develop and manufacture several select and complex parenteral drug products for registration and subsequent commercialization in the United States. Under the terms of the agreement, AMRI will develop and initially provide cGMP manufacturing and analytical support for the registration of the new product candidates. We will be responsible for advancing the product candidates through clinical trials and regulatory submissions.


•	On February 23, 2016, the USPTO granted us Patent No. 9,265,831, which pertains to liquid bendamustine hydrochloride (HCl) formulations. This patent pertains to our bendamustine HCI intellectual property estate.

In addition to building our product portfolio, we continue to develop our commercial organization. On November 4, 2015, we entered into a co-promotion agreement with Spectrum Pharmaceuticals (“Spectrum”) under which the Spectrum 32-person Corporate Accounts Sales Team will dedicate 80% of its time to selling and marketing up to six of our products over a period of at least 18 months (the "Spectrum Agreement"). We will pay Spectrum a base fee of $12.8 million over 18 months, and additional payments of up to $9 million if specified targets for annual net sales of our products are met during the initial 18-month term of the Spectrum Agreement, for a potential total payment of up to $22 million during the initial term. We may extend the initial term of this agreement by six months to December 31, 2017 at our sole election. Any extensions after December 31, 2017 require mutual consent and will be for six months per extension. As part of the co-promotion agreement and long-term strategy to build an internal commercial team, we will also hire approximately 20 direct sales representatives who will be a part of our independent commercial organization. These representatives will be managed under the Spectrum sales team infrastructure for the duration of the Spectrum Agreement.

Product Portfolio

Our product portfolio consists of:



Product	U.S. Brand Reference Drug	Description	Indication	Estimated Market Opportunity (amounts in millions)	Status
Ryanodex^® (dantrolene sodium)	Dantrium^®/ Revonto^®	Muscle relaxant	Malignant hyperthermia	$75⁽²⁾	Approved (U.S.)/ launched August 2014; orphan drug exclusivity received for MH (U.S.)
EP-1101 (argatroban)	Argatroban	Anti-coagulant; thrombin inhibitor	Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia	$99⁽²⁾	Approved (U.S.); marketed by The Medicines Company and Sandoz
Docetaxel Injection, Non-Alcohol formulation	Docetaxel	Chemotherapeutic agent	Breast, non-small cell lung, prostate, head and neck cancers/ gastric adenocarcinoma	$75⁽²⁾	Approved in December 2015/ launched in January 2016; Eagle holds the exclusive right to market, sell and distribute in the U.S.
EP-3101 (bendamustine RTD)	Treanda^®	Chemotherapeutic agent	(CLL); Indolent (NHL)	over $700⁽¹⁾	Tentative approval for NHL and CLL in July 2014/ potential launch in May 2016
EP-3102 (rapidly infused bendamustine RTD)	BENDEKA^TM	Chemotherapeutic agent	CLL; Indolent NHL	over $700⁽¹⁾	Approved in December 2015; licensed to and marketed by Teva; orphan drug designation for CLL and NHL (U.S.)
EP-4104 (dantrolene sodium)	No drug currently approved	Muscle relaxant	Exertional heat stroke	$400⁽²⁾	Orphan drug designation received for heat stroke (U.S.); IND submission in 2015; completed safety and efficacy study in December 2015; FDA granted fast track designation in January 2016
EP-6101 Kangio™(bivalirudin)	Angiomax	Anti-Coagulant; thrombin inhibitor	Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty	$212⁽¹⁾	March 2016 PDUFA
EP-5101 (pemetrexed)	Alimta	Chemotherapeutic agent	Lung cancer and mesothelioma	$1,210⁽¹⁾	NDA filing targeted for late 2016

⁽¹⁾Based on publicly filed reports with the SEC.

⁽²⁾Based on independent market research and management's estimates extrapolated therefrom.

Industry Background

Injection is a common drug delivery route for biopharmaceuticals due to the lower bioavailability of alternative administration routes. We estimate the generics injectables market is $12.0 billion globally and $7.6 billion the United States. Based on industry data, we believe that the U.S. generic injectable market will continue to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 16.3% from

2012-2017 due to several factors, including (i) label expansion for approved products increasing the patient pool for such products, (ii) a pipeline of injectable medications at various stages of clinical development, and (iii) the increasing incidence of certain diseases that necessarily utilize injectable medications such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. Further, we estimate that the current worldwide market for the branded reference drugs addressed by our disclosed product portfolio is approximately $3.0 billion. Both Spectrum, our co-promotion partner and our commercial organization will focus on domestic GPOs (Group Purchasing Organizations), hospital groups and key stakeholders in acute care settings. Outside of the United States, we may utilize partners for the commercialization of our products, as needed.

In general, our goal is to launch our proprietary products no later than the first generic to the branded reference drug. This allows us to take advantage of the market opportunity during its most profitable cycle where price is higher and fewer, if any, generic competitors exist. In addition, we benefit from meaningful barriers to entry that are not inherent to generic drugs under the Abbreviated New Drug Application ("ANDA") regulatory pathway, including a robust patent portfolio and the potential for three years of marketing exclusivity for our future product candidates as a result of the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway of the Hatch-Waxman Act.

A generic drug company must either (i) wait for the innovator's patents to expire or to be proven invalid to gain market entry or (ii) choose to enter the market at risk of patent infringement. Patent invalidity challenges are time consuming and complex, and outcomes are uncertain. Compared to the ANDA regulatory pathway, which is only available for generic drugs that are the same as, and bioequivalent to, the branded reference drug, the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway enables us to more broadly modify our drugs while still relying on the safety and efficacy data supporting approval of the branded reference drug. We are therefore able to design our products in an effort to avoid infringing existing patents covering the branded reference drug, which, we believe, in many cases will allow us to enter the existing market earlier than applicable generic drugs. In addition, our drugs that we expect to be approved under the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway are not precluded from marketing during the 180-day exclusivity period that the first ANDA holder(s) may enjoy under the Hatch-Waxman Act.

Limitations of Existing Drug Products and Generics

We believe that many currently available critical care and oncology injectable products have suboptimal characteristics that do not meet the needs of patients, physicians, nurses or pharmacists. These characteristics can impact safety, shelf life, convenience, waste, cost, and ease of use by practitioners and pharmacy staff. For instance, existing drugs may be packaged inefficiently or come in formulations that require reconstitution or dilution, or which are otherwise difficult or inconvenient to prepare, and which expose workers to cytotoxic compounds and can result in dosing errors. This can also lead to wasted quantities of drug, inefficiencies in staff time and constrained work flow, reduced shelf life and the need for multiple dosing of individual patients to complete treatment.

Market Opportunity

We believe there is a large and unmet market for developing injectable drugs that address the specific needs of patients, physicians, nurses and pharmacists to simplify their use, reduce waste and lower healthcare costs. Such improvements could also reduce infusion times, reduce dosing errors, remove unnecessary exposure to toxic materials and potentially improve the safety of the product.

Hatch-Waxman Act. Section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act ("FDCA") describes three types of NDAs that may be submitted to request marketing authorization for a new drug. A 505(b)(1) NDA is an application that contains full reports of investigations of safety and effectiveness. The Hatch-Waxman Act created two additional marketing pathways under Sections 505(j) and 505(b)(2) of the FDCA. Section 505(j) establishes an abbreviated approval process for generic versions of approved drug products through the submission of an ANDA. An ANDA provides for marketing of a drug product that has the same active ingredients in the same strengths and dosage form as the listed drug and has been shown to be bioequivalent to the listed drug. ANDA applicants are required to conduct bioequivalence testing to confirm chemical and therapeutic equivalence to the branded reference drug. Generic versions of drugs can often be substituted by pharmacists under prescriptions written for the branded reference drug.

A 505(b)(2) NDA is an application that contains full reports of investigations of safety and effectiveness but where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies not conducted by or for the applicant. This alternate regulatory pathway enables the applicant to rely, in part, on the FDA's findings of safety and efficacy for an existing product, or published literature, in support of its application. The FDA may then approve the new product candidate for all or some of the labeled indications for which the referenced product has been approved, as well as for any new indication sought by the 505(b)(2) applicant.

Upon submission of an ANDA or a 505(b)(2) NDA, an applicant must certify to the FDA that (1) no patent information on the drug product that is the subject of the application has been submitted to the FDA; (2) such patent has expired; (3) the date on which such patent expires; or (4) such patent is invalid or will not be infringed upon by the manufacture, use or sale of the drug product for which the application is submitted. This last certification is known as a paragraph IV certification. If the paragraph IV certification is challenged by an NDA holder or patent owner(s) asserts a patent challenge to the paragraph IV certification, the FDA may not approve that application until the earlier of 30 months from the receipt of the notice of the paragraph IV certification, the expiration of the patent, when the infringement case concerning each such patent was favorably decided in the applicant's favor or such shorter or longer period as may be ordered by a court. This prohibition is generally referred to as the 30-month stay. Thus, approval of an ANDA or 505(b)(2) NDA could be delayed for a significant period of time depending on the patent certification the applicant makes and the reference drug sponsor's decision to initiate patent litigation.

The Hatch-Waxman Act establishes periods of regulatory exclusivity for certain approved drug products, during which the FDA cannot approve (or in some cases accept for filing) an ANDA or 505(b)(2) NDA application that relies on the branded reference drug. For example, the holder of an NDA may obtain five years of exclusivity upon approval of a new drug containing a new chemical entity ("NCE") that has not been previously approved by the FDA. The Hatch-Waxman Act also provides three years of marketing exclusivity to the holder of an NDA (including a 505(b)(2) NDA) for a particular condition of approval, or change to a marketed product, such as a new formulation for a previously approved product, if one or more new clinical studies (other than bioavailability or bioequivalence studies) were essential to the approval of the application and were conducted/sponsored by the applicant. This three-year exclusivity period protects against FDA approval of ANDAs and 505(b)(2) NDA for drugs that include the innovation that required the new clinical data.

Orphan Drug Act. In addition, the Orphan Drug Act provides incentives for the development of products intended to treat rare diseases or conditions. Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan designation to a drug or biological product intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or more than 200,000 individuals in the United States and for which there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and making a drug or biological product available in the United States for this type of disease or condition will be recovered from sales of the product. Orphan drug designation provides manufacturers with research grants, tax credits, and eligibility for orphan drug exclusivity. If a product that has orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first FDA approval of the active moiety for the treatment of that disease or condition for which it has such designation, the product may be entitled to orphan drug exclusivity, which for seven years would prohibit the FDA from approving another product with the same active ingredient for the same indication, except in limited circumstances such as when a subsequent product demonstrates clinical superiority.

The following table provides a description of general similarities and differences between the various regulatory pathways:



	ANDA	505(b)(2) NDA	Traditional NDA
Clinical Trials/Testing Required	Only to show bioequivalence	Yes, to address potential differences between the branded reference product and the 505(b)(2) product.	Yes

Results in Orange Book Listed Patents	No	Yes, for novel formulations, other enhancements and new indications	Yes

Exclusivity	Potential for 180 days against other generic filers if first generic to file	Potential for three years for new clinical investigations (other than bioavailability and bioequivalence studies) that are essential to approval of the application. Potential for 30-month stay for Orange Book-listed patents	Potential for five years for a new chemical entity, or three years for new clinical investigations

Paragraph IV Certification Required	Yes	Yes	No

Potential orphan drug designation Drug Status	No	Yes	Yes

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that our management's unique knowledge of the industry, including its ability to identify products for enhancement, its experience with the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, and its ability to navigate paragraph IV challenges, combined with our portfolio of attractive assets, enables us to compete effectively in the market for injectable therapeutics.

Unique insight into limitations of existing products. We believe that many injectable products for use in acute care settings have suboptimal characteristics that do not meet the needs of patients, physicians, nurses or pharmacists. These characteristics can impact safety, shelf life, convenience, waste, cost, and ease of use by practitioners and pharmacy staff. Because generic drugs are essentially copies of the branded reference drugs, these suboptimal characteristics are shared by the generic versions. We have and continue to engage physicians, nurses, pharmacists and key opinion leaders "(KOL's"), to identify specific products where the characteristics described above present opportunities for product improvement. We evaluate the product opportunities presented by the stakeholders and determine whether or not they conform to our research and development planning. A key aspect of our evaluation is the intellectual property landscape for each product opportunity, including our ability to avoid infringing existing patents and the potential patentability of our modified version of the drug. We utilize our experienced team of formulators with extensive experience in branded and generic pharmaceuticals, including significant experience with injectable pharmaceuticals, and a track record of success in product development, regulatory relations, and quality assurance to develop improved products.

Barriers to entry and intellectual property. Because our products are differentiated from the branded reference drugs, we believe we are able to avoid infringing existing patents covering the branded reference drug allowing us to enter the existing market no later than applicable generic drugs, which may be subject to protracted patent litigation delaying market entry. Protracted litigation is a significant barrier to entry for competitors seeking approval of an ANDA referencing the branded reference product, and our early entry into the market leads to less price erosion due to constrained competition. Our patent estate includes 15 owned or exclusively-licensed U.S. issued patents and ten filed U.S. patent applications, as well as several patent applications that have been filed in various worldwide territories, that protect or will protect, as applicable the market value of our current portfolio products. We believe that other potential barriers to entry consist of one or more of the following:

•

our early entry into the market allows us to influence usage patterns when fewer, if any, competitors exist and allows us to market our products as improved versions of the branded reference drug prior to or concurrent with any generic entry, thereby giving us the opportunity to capture significant market share at this early stage. We believe that such early entry into the market will limit later conversions into generic versions of the branded reference drugs, deterring competition and allowing us to maintain market share and favorable pricing;


•	the potential for seven years of exclusivity upon approval of a 505(b)(2) NDA that receives orphan drug status; and


•	the potential for three years of regulatory exclusivity for our future product candidates upon approval, if any, of a 505(b)(2) NDA supported by new clinical investigations (other than bioequivalence and bioavailability studies) essential to approval of the application.

Attractive portfolio of injectable assets that address a large market opportunity. Our product portfolio is focused on oncology, critical care, and orphan diseases and includes five approved products, one tentative approval, and three distinct product candidates in advanced development. Additionally, we have other exploratory candidates under a collaborative agreement entered into in January 2016 with AMRI. We believe that we can leverage our formulation and development expertise to achieve improved product attributes in terms of potential for longer stability, shorter infusion times, less waste and/or ease and safety of use for healthcare professionals and achieve longer commercial duration compared to generic competitors. We believe that our products may offer certain benefits as compared to existing injectable drugs which may include one or more of the following:


•	improved safety through elimination of reconstitution in the pharmacy or in the acute care setting;


•	reduction in the number of injections required;


•	reduction in the volume of drug needed to be injected, potentially expanding the application to additional medical situations;


•	reduction in the amount of diluent required to administer the drug;


•	reduction in drug waste;


•	reduction in drug infusion time; and


•	potential label expansion to include additional indications.

Validated business model. We believe that our differentiated business model as compared to generic and branded specialty pharmaceutical drug companies was validated with our approval and commercial launch in the United States of a novel version of argatroban, for which we received approval of a 505(b)(2) NDA in June 2011. Our version of argatroban was formulated in a manner designed to avoid the infringement of related Orange Book patents for the branded reference product, and we were successful in doing so without triggering a patent infringement suit by the innovator of the branded reference drug. We therefore entered the

market prior to the first generic version of argatroban and our version of the drug has reached a market share of approximately 40% of the total argatroban market. Our competitors' undifferentiated ANDAs referencing the branded drug remain tentatively approved by the FDA and, because they were not able to prove invalidity or non-infringement of the applicable patents, had to wait for approximately three years for patent expiration in June 2014 before full approval and commercialization. On June 30, 2014, two generic argatroban products were approved.

Our most recent example of our validated business model is EP-3102 Bendeka. On February 13, 2015, we submitted an NDA to the FDA for EP-3102 Bendeka which was approved by the FDA on December 8, 2015. Also, on February 13, 2015, we entered into the Cephalon License for U.S. and Canadian rights to EP-3102 Bendeka for the treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL.

Our Strategy

Our goal is to be a leading specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of injectable pharmaceutical products for use in acute care settings. Our strategy to achieve this goal includes:

Enter the market no later than the first generic drug. We intend to enter the market no later than the first generic of the branded reference drug. During this period, the number of competitors is lowest and branded drugs are generally at peak or near peak value. This will allow us to influence usage patterns and market our products as improved versions, thereby achieving favorable pricing. Even if we enter the market simultaneously with, or after, the first generic drug, as a 505(b)(2) applicant, we would be able to enter the market without regard to any generic drug's 180-day exclusivity period.

Retain commercial rights in the United States and selectively partner outside of the United States. In general, we believe that we can cost-effectively commercialize our products in the United States internally or through a contracted sales force and selected commercial arrangements, and thereby retain commercial value of these products. We have established a small, contract specialty sales force focusing on GPOs, hospital systems and key stakeholders in acute care settings, primarily hospitals. In an effort to expand on our commercial strategy, we will grow our internal sales force by 20 and have partnered with Spectrum to commercialize our products. Outside of the United States, we may utilize partners for the commercialization of our products, as needed.

Strengthen our product portfolio. We intend to continue to strengthen our product portfolio in the areas of oncology, critical care and orphan diseases. We will continue to develop our current product portfolio and leverage our expertise to identify new products with suboptimal characteristics that present us with significant opportunity for revenue generation. In addition to our internal efforts, we will opportunistically in-license or acquire product candidates that fit our therapeutic areas of focus and meet our rigorous evaluation process.

Continue to build a robust intellectual property portfolio. Our patent estate includes 15 owned or exclusively-licensed U.S. issued patents and 10 filed U.S. patent applications, as well as several that have been filed in various worldwide territories, that protect or will protect, as applicable the market value of our approved and pipeline products. These patents consist primarily of formulation and method-of-use patents. We intend to continue to build our patent portfolio by filing for patent protection on new developments with respect to our product candidates that will not infringe patents that cover the branded reference drugs. We expect that these will, if issued, allow us to list our own patents in the Orange Book, to which potential competitors will be required to certify upon submission of their applications referencing our products, if approved.

Our Products and Product Portfolio

EP-3101 RTD and EP-3102 Bendeka (Licensed to Teva) for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Overview

Bendamustine is an alkylating agent approved for use in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or CLL, and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or NHL, that has progressed during or within six months of treatment with rituximab or a rituximab-containing regimen (which we refer to herein as the NHL indication).

EP-3101 RTD

We have developed EP-3101 RTD, an RTD, multi-dose liquid with extended drug stability for use with a 500mL intravenous, or IV, infusion bag, for which we were granted tentative patent approval. Due to drug exclusivity on Treanda^®, the earliest that the

tentative approval we received may convert to final approval is May 2016 at which time we may commercialize the product.

Teva License- Bendeka

EP-3102 Bendeka is the same RTD, multi-dose liquid formulation as EP-3101 RTD, with extended drug stability, but for use with a 50 mL IV infusion bag, which enables it to be administered in a shorter time-period than current drugs on the market and represents a label expansion from EP-3101 RTD. We received orphan drug designation drug designation for EP-3102 Bendeka for CLL and NHL in July 2014. In November 2014 we announced positive results from the EP-3102 Bendeka clinical trial, in which the dose was delivered in a 50mL admixture in ten minutes versus a 500mL admixture in the 60-minute infusion required for Treanda® (bendamustine HCl). In this study, EP-3102 Bendeka was found to be bioequivalent to Treanda^®, which was the primary endpoint of the study. The incidence and profile of adverse events, both infusion-related and general, for EP-3102 Bendeka was comparable to Treanda^®. This is particularly important because EP-3102 Bendeka delivers the same amount of active ingredient as Treanda^® but with a lower admixture volume, which enables our product to be administered more quickly.

On February 13, 2015, we submitted an NDA to the FDA for EP-3102 Bendeka, which was approved by the FDA on December 8, 2015. Also, on February 13, 2015, we entered into the Cephalon License, for U.S. and Canadian rights to EP-3102 Bendeka for treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL. Pursuant to the terms of the Cephalon License, Cephalon is responsible for all U.S. commercial activities for the product including promotion and distribution, and we are responsible for obtaining and maintaining all regulatory approvals and conducting post-approval clinical studies. Additionally, under the terms of the Cephalon License, we received an upfront cash payment of $30 million, received a $15 million milestone in January 2016, related to the FDA approval of EP-3102 Bendeka in December 2015 and are currently eligible to receive up to $65 million in additional milestone payments. In addition, we are entitled to receive royalty payments of 20% of net sales of the product. In connection with the Cephalon License, we have entered into a supply agreement with Cephalon, pursuant to which we will be responsible for supplying product to Cephalon for a specified period. In connection with the Cephalon License, on February 13, 2015, we entered into a Settlement and License Agreement (the "Cephalon Settlement Agreement") with Cephalon, pursuant to which the parties agreed to settle the pending patent infringement claims against each other regarding Cephalon's US Patent No. 8,791,270, under which we agreed to enter into a Consent Judgment regarding the ‘270 patent. As part of the Cephalon Settlement Agreement, Cephalon has agreed to waive its orphan drug exclusivities for the treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL with EP-3102 Bendeka.

U.S. Marketed Bendamustine Products

Teva currently markets its bendamustine product under the trade name Treanda^® which Teva has said will be available through March 30, 2016, at which time we expect EP-3102 Bendeka will replace Treanda^®liquid.

Eagle's Solution: EP-3101 RTD and EP-3102 Bendeka

The EP-3101 RTD and EP-3102 Bendeka liquid formulations eliminate the need to reconstitute the drug prior to use, relative to the lyophilized presentation of Treanda^®. As a result, we believe that relative to the lyophilized presentation of Treanda^®there is less potential for dosing errors, less exposure to cytotoxic powders and a more efficient work flow.

Additionally, admixtures prepared with EP-3102 Bendeka contain lower sodium as compared with Treanda^®which could be of benefit to the predominantly elderly, renally impaired and cardiovascular compromised patients. Also, EP-3102 Bendeka is available in a multi-use vial, which allows infusion centers and hospitals to avoid needless waste of unused drug remaining after procedures with single use vials.

Our bendamustine product candidates could be reimbursed using a new and unique "J-code" assigned for injectable drugs. If we can demonstrate that EP-3102 Bendeka for administration in a smaller infusion volume is clinically significantly different than the other drugs that share the J-code, such as Treanda^®, the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services ("CMS"), may assign a unique J-code allowing more pricing flexibility.

Ryanodex^® (dantrolene) for Malignant Hyperthermia

Overview

Dantrolene was first introduced to the U.S. market in 1979 and is currently the only drug approved to treat a rare genetic disorder called malignant hyperthermia ("MH"). There are only 500 to 800 cases of MH in the United States each year, qualifying dantrolene for orphan drug designation. This disease is triggered when a patient with this genetic predisposition has a surgical procedure and

is exposed to certain inhaled anesthetics or the muscle relaxant, succinylcholine. When this exposure occurs, a metabolic response can be triggered in the patient resulting in an episode of MH that can be fatal if not treated immediately. Because dantrolene is the only approved drug available to treat MH, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, ("the Joint Commission") requires that all hospitals stock vials of this product at all times, generally in the operating room area. In July, 2014 we received FDA approval for Ryanodex^®(dantrolene sodium).

Currently-Preexisitng Dantrolene Products for MH

The two preexisting dantrolene drugs on the market for the treatment of MH, Dantrium^® and Revonto^®, are offered in a vial containing 20mg of lyophilized powder that requires mixing with 60mL of sterile water. We estimate that the addressable U.S. market opportunity for MH drugs is approximately $75 million per year.

Limitations of Dantrium^® and Revonto^®

When an MH crisis occurs during surgery, the surgical procedure is immediately discontinued and the anesthesiologist and others in the operating room quickly begin reconstituting dantrolene, often at the same time as performing other resuscitative efforts, in order to administer the drug to the patient as an IV push. Based on recommendations from the Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States ("MHAUS"), the recognized authority on treating MH in the United States, the recommended dose is 2.5mg/kg or higher. It is critically important that the drug be administered as rapidly as possible, as MH symptoms include tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, raised CO₂ levels and very high body temperature levels. If not treated immediately, the disease can be fatal.

Because of the dosing required in adult patients to reverse the MH symptoms and the current formulations of Dantrium^® and Revonto^®, it is often necessary to reconstitute 10 to 20 vials of dantrolene. As the current formulations are also poorly water soluble, this process generally takes up to 15 to 20 minutes at a point when time is critical and the patient is extremely unstable. Furthermore, the volume of diluent required to reconstitute Dantrium^® and Revonto^® means that the adult patient receives a significant volume of fluid (600mL to 1,200mL) as an IV infusion, which on occasion can result in detrimental secondary physiological consequences for the patient, such as pulmonary edema and extravasation, which can lead to tissue necrosis.

Eagle's Solution: Ryanodex^® (dantrolene sodium)

We have developed a differentiated formulation of dantrolene sodium that was approved by the FDA in July 2014 and is currently sold under the brand name, Ryanodex^®, for the treatment of MH. The presentation is a 5ml vial containing 250mg of dantrolene sodium in lyophilized powder form.

We believe that the immediate benefits of our Ryanodex^® formulation are clinically significant in critical care situations. Specifically, Ryanodex^® reduces the amount of time to reconstitute and administer dantrolene from 15 to 20 minutes with Dantrium^®and Revonto^®, to one minute, as the anesthesiologist will be able to mix and administer a dose of 250mg from a single vial of Ryanodex^® in contrast to mixing and administering up to 12 or more vials of Dantrium^® or Revonto^®. A recent retrospective study conducted by MHAUS demonstrated that every 15-minute delay in treating MH resulted in a 7.8% increase in patient complications. Additionally, fluid volume to the patient may also be reduced from up to 720mL or more with Dantrium^® and Revonto^® compared to only 5mL with Ryanodex^®, potentially further reducing secondary physiological complications for the patient.

Sales and Marketing

We contracted a third party logistics partner that stores our inventory of Ryanodex^®, fulfills sales orders and provides detailed real- time reporting. Initially, we contracted with a third party sales force who were focusing their promotional activities of Ryanodex^®on important stakeholders within the hospital setting, and we are currently migrating these efforts to our commercial organization. To complement these efforts, we have also engaged group purchasing organizations and wholesalers in contracting discussions.

Docetaxel Injection, Non-Alcohol Formula

On October 13, 2015, we entered into the Teikoku Agreement, whereby Teikoku granted to us a royalty-bearing, exclusive right and license under and to Teikoku's patent rights and know how to make, use, market, commercialize, and offer for sale Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection described in NDA 205934. Pursuant to the agreement, and after the FDA’s approval of NDA 205934 which happened on December 22, 2015, Teikoku also assigned NDA 205934 to us. In consideration for the license and assignment, we made an upfront payment to Teikoku upon signing and an additional milestone payment of $4.85 million upon Teikoku’s submission of the NDA transfer letter to the FDA in February 2016. In addition, commencing with the first

commercial sale of the product, we will pay to Teikoku a royalty based on the gross margin generated by the product. The royalty owed to Teikoku will be reduced by a double-digit percentage for any sales in a period during which the product is not covered by a valid claim within the Teikoku patent rights.

Limitations of Docetaxel Injection

In June 2014, the FDA issued a Drug Safety Communication warning patients that docetaxel may cause symptoms of alcohol intoxication after treatment. Manufacturers of docetaxel formulations for domestic use were subsequently required to revise their product labels to reflect alcohol content and include a drug safety warning. Some U.S. hospitals and clinics require patients to wait two or more hours after treatment with docetaxel before they can be released.

Eagle's Solution

Eagle’s non-alcohol formulation of docetaxel was specifically developed to address the FDA concerns regarding the alcohol content and symptoms of intoxication.

Sales and Marketing

We contracted a third party logistics partner who will store our inventory of Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection and will fulfill sales orders and provide detailed real time reporting. Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection is being marketed by our commercial organization.

EP-4104 (dantrolene) for Exertional Heat Stroke

EHS is a rare, sudden and unpredictable life-threatening medical condition. It is thought that symptoms and effects are correlated to MH and our research and development efforts suggest dantrolene may be beneficial for treating EHS.

EHS is one of the leading causes of death in athletes, including college and high-school students. EHS is also a leading cause of non-combat death in the military. EHS is a state of extreme hyperthermia (above 104°F) that occurs when heat that is generated by muscular exercise exceeds the body's ability to dissipate it at the same rate. EHS typically affects young, seemingly healthy individuals during exercise and manifests within a few minutes to hours of such activity and is characterized by an increased core body temperature and central nervous system dysfunction including delirium, convulsions, and coma. Predisposing factors to EHS include a lack of heat acclimatization, poor physical fitness, dehydration, recent infection, exercising in warm and humid conditions and concurrent illness. There may also be a genetic component related to those who suffer from MH. The pathogenesis of EHS is multifactorial and complex and not completely understood, but it is believed that a defect in the calcium transport in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum is a key component of both EHS and MH. This link suggests that the genetic variant which predisposes patients to MH also puts those patients at an increased susceptibility to EHS.

Limitations of Current EHS Therapies

There are currently no FDA-approved products that treat EHS, and patients continue to die or suffer significant morbidity from the condition. Independent market research commissioned by us suggests that the worldwide peak annual revenue for EHS could exceed $400 million. The current treatment regimen for EHS is not directed at the underlying cause of the disease, but is essentially symptomatic therapy, which in some cases results in mortality or permanent organ damage. Currently, to treat EHS, the standard treatment includes body surface cooling by water immersion or ice packs and support of organ system function with a goal of accelerating the transfer of heat from the skin to the environment. Even if these cooling techniques are properly implemented patients are still subject to risk of brain damage, irreversible organ damage and death.

Eagle's Solution: EP-4104 (dantrolene) for EHS

EP-4104's presentation will be initially similar to Eagle's presentation of Ryanodex^® (dantrolene for MH) - a 5mL vial containing 250mg of dantrolene in lyophilized powder form requiring reconstitution. Like Ryanodex^®, only one 5mL injection of EP-4104 will be required to initially treat EHS, avoiding the potential need to reconstitute up to 12 or more vials of drug in a short time, as is the treatment for MH when using low concentration formulations of dantrolene. Additionally, because our formulation of EP-4104 could be carried by emergency responders (currently impractical with other dantrolene products due to the large IV volume of up to 720 mL or more that could be required to administer a therapeutic dose), we believe that administering EP-4104 in the field, prior to arriving at the hospital, would be possible. Given that immediate treatment for EHS is crucial for improving outcomes,

we believe that our formulation would provide significant benefits over the current standard of care, which may not be readily available in most settings.

EP-4104 Clinical Development and Regulatory Status

EP-4104 has completed a clinical study in human volunteers and we are currently designing a pivotal clinical study to support our NDA submission. Our clinical development plan was discussed with FDA at a Type C meeting in the first quarter of 2015, and we filed an IND submission in July 2015. Additionally, we were granted orphan drug designation for EP-4104 for EHS in September 2012.

In December 2015, we had successful outcomes from the safety and efficacy study which took place in September, 2015 at the Emergency Departments of four hospitals during the Hajj pilgrimage in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. Due to the life-threatening, unpredictable and sudden nature of EHS, the study was required to be conducted in an emergency and acute-care medical setting.

In February 2016, the FDA granted Fast Track designation to Ryanodex^® for the treatment of EHS. The FDA's Fast Track program facilitates the development and review of drugs intended to treat serious conditions and address an unmet medical need. A drug development program with Fast Track designation is afforded greater access to the FDA for the purpose of expediting the drug's development, review and potential approval to get important new drugs to the patient earlier.

EP-5101 (pemetrexed) for Lung Cancer

Pemetrexed is an IV-administered cancer agent indicated for locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma. We are developing EP-5101 as a ready-to-use/dilute liquid form of pemetrexed that will be available in a 500mg multi-dose vial. We are currently conducting registration batch studies and supporting toxicology studies on EP-5101. Because our product will be available in liquid form, product reconstitution will not be required, making EP-5101 a preferred formulation under the Joint Commission guidelines.

Currently-Marketed Pemetrexed Product

The branded form of pemetrexed is marketed by Lilly Pharmaceuticals as Alimta. Alimta is approved for use to treat non-small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma. The product presentations for Alimta are 100mg and 500mg single use vials containing lyophilized power that must be reconstituted before patient administration. Once mixed, Alimta must be used within 24 hours due to product stability concerns. According to Lilly Pharmaceuticals, worldwide sales of Alimta for the 2015 calendar year were approximately $2.5 billion.

Limitations of Alimta

Alimta, a lyophilized formulation requiring reconstitution, adds time to administration, presents cytotoxic safety issues for healthcare professionals administering the drug and the potential for dosing errors. Because reconstitution of Alimta is generally not performed until the patient has cleared all tests necessary to receive the drug, this process contributes to a significant amount of time spent by such patients in infusion clinics. Additionally, this method of administration limits the number of patients that may be treated on any given day by such clinics. Additionally, as with any oncology drug, cytotoxic vapors released through reconstitution can be potentially harmful to pharmacists, physicians and nurses. Moreover, dosing errors may occur during reconstitution, as incorrect amounts of diluent may be used. As a result, lyophilized formulations are less preferred by the Joint Commission as compared to an RTD product.

Eagle's Solution: EP-5101 (Pemetrexed)

EP-5101 is an RTD liquid formulation of pemetrexed that we are designing as a 500mg multi-dose vial. As an RTD liquid formulation, EP-5101 will not require additional time for reconstitution and will avoid certain safety concerns to healthcare professionals and potential dosing errors during mixing. This allows for a more efficient work flow within the infusion clinic, may result in more patients being seen each day and reduces exposure to the drug's cytotoxic vapors during reconstitution by healthcare providers.

The benefits of our proposed formulation identified by our research included a reduction in dosing errors as no reconstitution is required, as well as more flexibility in patient scheduling, possibly allowing a greater number of patients to be seen each day. Also

mentioned was a possible opportunity to reduce office staff due to a more efficient work flow within the infusion clinic.

EP-5101 (pemetrexed) Development and Regulatory Status

We plan to seek U.S. approval of EP-5101 for use in non-small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma. Registration batches have been produced and we are anticipating a 505(b)(2) NDA submission in late 2016 in the United States.

EP-6101 Kangio™ (bivalirudin) injection, 5 mg/mL for Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty

Bivalirudin is a direct thrombin inhibitor, administered as an IV infusion and indicated for use as an anticoagulant during coronary surgical procedures. We are developing Kangio™ injection, 5 mg/mL as a RTU, liquid formulation of bivalirudin in a 250 mL vial that can be administered to patients without having to reconstitute the drug. As a result, Kangio™ injection, 5 mg/mL will be Joint Commission-preferred.

Currently-Marketed Bivalirudin Product

Bivalirudin is marketed by The Medicines Company in the United States under the brand name Angiomax. The approved product's presentation is a vial containing 250 mg of lyophilized powder which requires reconstitution. Worldwide net sales of Angiomax were $212 million in 2015, which represented a decrease from $635 million in 2014 due to competition from generic versions of bivalirudin following the loss of market exclusivity in the United States in July 2015 and in Europe in August 2015.

Limitations of Angiomax

The powder form of Angiomax must be reconstituted before administration at the beginning of a catheter laboratory ("cath lab") procedure, then further diluted into an IV bag. As with any drug requiring reconstitution, mixing can result in dosing errors if, for example, the wrong diluent or incorrect amount of diluent is added to the product. Additionally, reconstitution takes time, which results in slower work flows. Finally, Angiomax is limited in that the Joint Commission guidelines encourage the use of RTU presentations over products that require reconstitution. Additionally, U.S. Pharmacopoeia, the scientific nonprofit organization that sets standards for medicines manufactured, distributed and consumed worldwide and whose drug standards are enforceable in the United States by the FDA, has issued USP 797, a far-reaching regulation that governs any pharmacy that prepares compounded sterile preparations and, among other things, requires that drug compounding be done in a clean room environment by a licensed pharmacist. In many situations where no licensed pharmacist is available (for example, during late-night shifts), nurses and other healthcare providers are required to mix the drug themselves.

Eagle's Solution: Kangio™ (bivalirudin) injection, 5 mg/mL

Kangio™ has been developed as a bivalirudin RTU liquid formulation to resolve each of the current limitations of Angiomax identified above. If approved, our product formulation would be available for immediate patient administration with no reconstitution required. This would save time and reduce risks of dosing errors during reconstitution. Additionally, because no mixing of our drug is required, compliance with regulations such as USP 797 can be achieved regardless of the situation in which our drug is required to be administered.

Kangio™ (bivalirudin) injection, 5 mg/mL Development and Regulatory Status

The 505(b)(2) NDA for Kangio™ was accepted by the FDA in July 2015 with a Prescription Drug User Fee Act action date of March 19, 2016.

EP-1101 argatroban for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Argatroban is an anti-coagulant originally developed for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ("HIT"). Our formulation of argatroban, EP-1101, is our first product approved by the FDA, and marketed by The Medicines Company and Sandoz under agreements with us. Through our agreement with The Medicines Company, we granted The Medicines Company exclusive rights to commercialize argatroban in the United States and Canada and a right of first negotiation to commercialize argatroban in other countries (except China). Through our settlement agreement and related supply and distribution agreement with Sandoz, we granted Sandoz the right to distribute an unbranded (generic) version of argatroban in 50mg/50mL vials in the

United States. Through our contract manufacturer we supply The Medicines Company with argatroban in 50mg/50mL vials and we supply Sandoz with an unbranded (generic) version of argatroban in 50mg/50mL vials. Sandoz also markets argatroban in 125mg/125mL vials and pursuant to our agreements with Sandoz, Sandoz is obligated to pay us a majority of the net profits Sandoz receives for sales of such product in the United States. For more information regarding these agreements, see below under "- License Agreements."

Currently-Marketed Argatroban Products

Argatroban is currently sold by GSK, West-ward, The Medicines Company and Sandoz. It is sold in 250mL (GSK and West-ward), 125mL (Sandoz) and 50mL (The Medicines Company and Sandoz) presentations. According to IMS Health, argatroban had U.S. annual sales of $99 million in 2012. In June 2014, there were two new ANDA approvals granted to competitors, Par Sterile Products, LLC and Mylan Institutional LLC, increasing competition.

Limitations of Argatroban

The branded form of argatroban from GSK and West-ward is supplied in a 2.5 mL vial with 100 mg/mL of active pharmaceutical ingredient. In this formulation, the current product requires 100-fold dilution for infusion, requiring the use of a 250 mL intravenous bag, typically resulting in approximately 30% waste primarily driven by prophylactic administration while waiting for HIT testing results, common infection control policies requiring change of intravenous bags every 24 hours and patient release from hospital prior to complete administration.

Eagle's Solution: EP-1101 Argatroban Injection

EP-1101 our formulation of argatroban is supplied in a single-use vial, containing 50mg of drug in a 50mL aqueous solution, where only 1% of the drug is wasted. EP-1101 is ready to use and the vial label contains a ring sling for convenient IV pole administration. It was approved by the FDA on June 29, 2011, for treatment of HIT in patients.

Additional Products in our Portfolio

We are pursuing several potential products that address broad indications such as oncology, infectious diseases and others. We intend to use our novel and well-developed methods to identify ideal development candidates and to commercialize improved formulations of widely prescribed therapeutics.

In addition to our internal efforts, in January 2016 we entered into an agreement with AMRI to jointly develop and manufacture several select and complex parenteral drug products for registration and subsequent commercialization in the United States.

Under the terms of the agreement, AMRI will develop and initially provide cGMP manufacturing and analytical support for the registration of the new product candidates. We will be responsible for advancing the product candidates through clinical trials and regulatory submissions.

Sales and Marketing

Historically, we have chosen to out-license the commercial rights for products we have developed, such as EP-1101 which launched in the United States in 2011 and is sold by The Medicines Company as argatroban in the United States and Canada under an exclusive license from us. Additionally, in 2013 our management decided to license certain rights to commercialize argatroban in the United States to Sandoz as part of a settlement of a paragraph IV dispute between the parties. Sandoz has developed strong relationships with the pharmaceutical group purchasing organizations and wholesalers, providing stronger commercial terms for argatroban with these important customers.

On February 13, 2015, we entered into the Cephalon License, for U.S. and Canadian rights to our bendamustine rapid infusion product for treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL. Pursuant to the terms of the Cephalon License, Cephalon is responsible for all U.S. commercial activities for the product including promotion and distribution, and we are responsible for obtaining and maintaining all regulatory approvals and conducting post-approval clinical studies.

For more information regarding these license agreements see below under "License Agreements".

On November 4, 2015, we entered into the Spectrum Agreement under which the Spectrum 32-person Corporate Accounts Sales Team will dedicate 80% of its time to selling and marketing up to six of our products over a period of at least 18 months. We will pay Spectrum a base fee of $12.8 million over 18 months, and additional payments of up to $9 million if specified targets for

annual net sales of our products are met during the initial term of the Spectrum Agreement, for a potential total payment of up to $22 million during the initial term. We may extend the initial term of this agreement by six months to December 31, 2017 at our sole election. Any extensions after December 31, 2017 require mutual consent and will be for six months per extension. As part of the co-promotion agreement and long-term strategy to build an internal commercial team, we will also hire approximately 20 direct sales representatives who will be a part of our independent commercial organization. These representatives will be managed under the Spectrum sales team infrastructure for the duration of the Spectrum Agreement.

Other than with respect to the arrangement with Sandoz and The Medicines Company described below, we will commercialize our product portfolio in the United States with our commercial organization along with our co-promotion partner. Under the Cephalon License, Teva is commercializing EP-3102 Bendeka.

Manufacturing

We do not own any manufacturing facilities. The manufacture of sterile injectables is highly reliant on very complex sterile techniques and personnel aseptic techniques which present significant challenges and requires specialized expertise. Further, sterile processes have a high level of scrutiny by regulatory agencies. Consequently, we utilize a network of third party manufacturers for production of our products. All manufacturers are monitored and evaluated by our quality department to assess compliance with regulatory requirements and our internal quality standards and benchmarks.

Historically, sterile injectable manufacturers have, from time to time, had quality control difficulties. If non-conformances occur, remediation, such as temporary voluntary closure or renovations of major production facilities, could be costly and time consuming, resulting in cascading and persistent shortages. Moreover, high rates of capacity utilization may also limit the ability of manufacturers to perform routine maintenance and keep facilities in state of compliance which can lead to product recalls or other supply disruptions.

We have a highly experienced quality group that works with and regularly inspects or meets with our manufacturers to review the manufacturing process for our products and to provide input on quality issues. We have recognized the risk of such supply chain disruptions and approached the situation through risk management strategies designed to mitigate the effects of such disruptions. These include having our products and product candidates manufactured at more than one site around the world. While this creates additional effort and requires maintaining dialog and traveling to and overseeing production at a number of facilities, we believe our manufacturing risks are better managed by utilizing a range of third party manufacturers at diverse locations. We seek to minimize the risk of catastrophic events that could occur if our products were manufactured in a single location. Currently, with the exception of one site, no contract manufacturer produces more than one product for us. We currently utilize two manufacturing sites in India and four manufacturing site in the United States. We plan to manufacture the additional products in our portfolio at additional sites in the United States.

Intellectual Property and Exclusivity

We strive to protect and enhance the proprietary technologies that we believe are important to our business. We seek to obtain and maintain patents for any patentable aspects of our products or product candidates, their methods of use and any other inventions that are important to our business model and maintaining a competitive advantage over generic competitors. Our success will depend significantly on our ability to obtain and maintain patent and other proprietary protection for commercially important technology, inventions and know-how related to our business, defend and enforce our patents, maintain our licenses to use intellectual property owned by third parties, preserve the confidentiality of our trade secrets and operate without infringing the valid and enforceable patents and other proprietary rights of third parties. We also rely on know-how, continuing technological innovation and in-licensing opportunities to develop, strengthen, and maintain our proprietary position in the fields targeted by our products and product candidates.

Patents and Patent Applications

We are the exclusive licensee under our license with Lyotropic to a family of patents and applications that relate to low volume formulations of dantrolene, and methods of treatment using dantrolene. There are four issued U.S. patents, and two pending U.S. patent application, along with foreign counterparts that include both issued patents and pending applications. The issued U.S. patents (US 8,110,225, US 7,758,890 and US 8,604,072, US 8,685,460) cover low volume formulations of dantrolene in reconstitutable and in ready to use liquid form. We expect that the issued patents will expire no later than July 1, 2025, and the applications, if issued, will expire no later than June 13, 2022.

We are the sole owner of five issued patents (8,609,707, 9,000,021, 9,034,908, 9,144,568, and 9,265,831) and five pending U.S. patent applications, and multiple corresponding foreign filings for patent applications in a number of jurisdictions covering various formulations and methods of use of bendamustine. We are currently prosecuting these applications, which, if issued, would expire no later than March 15, 2033.

We are the co-owner, with The Medicines Company, of two issued U.S. patents (US 7,713,928 and US 7,803,762) that cover ready to use formulations and methods of treatment of bivalirudin. In addition, we have two pending U.S. applications as well as foreign filings. We expect that our issued patents will expire no later than August 20, 2029.

We are the sole owner of a portfolio of issued U.S. patents and pending applications (including U.S. patents US 7,589,106 and US 7,687,516), and corresponding issued foreign patents and patent applications in a range of countries that cover various formulations and methods of use of argatroban. We expect that our issued patents in the United States will expire no later than September 26, 2027, and our applications, if issued, will expire no later than October 9, 2027.

We are the owner of U.S. Patent 8,431,539 expiring July 20, 2031 and covering daptomycin and have one U.S. patent application pending.

Trade Secrets and Proprietary Information

Trade secrets play an important role in protecting our products and provide protection beyond patents and regulatory exclusivity. The scale-up and commercial manufacture of our products involves processes, custom equipment, and in-process and release analytical techniques that we believe are unique to us. We also seek to preserve the integrity and confidentiality of our proprietary technology and processes by maintaining physical security of our premises and physical and electronic security of our information technology systems. While we have confidence in these security measures, individuals, organizations and systems, agreements or security measures may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, our proprietary technology and processes may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our employees, consultants, scientific advisors, contractors or any future collaborators use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. We seek to protect our proprietary information, including our trade secrets and proprietary know-how, by requiring third parties with whom we contract for services related to our products, including manufacturing services to agree to terms in our agreements with such third parties that protect our confidential and trade secret information. We also require our employees, consultants and other advisors to execute proprietary information and confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of their employment or engagement. These agreements generally provide that all confidential information developed or made known during the course of the relationship with us be kept confidential and not be disclosed to third parties except in specific circumstances. In the case of our employees, the agreements also typically provide that all inventions resulting from work performed for us, utilizing our property or relating to our business and conceived or completed during employment shall be our exclusive property to the extent permitted by law. Where appropriate, agreements we obtain with our consultants also typically contain similar assignment of invention obligations. Further, we require confidentiality agreements from entities that receive our confidential data or materials.

License Agreements

License Agreement with Lyotropic Therapeutics, Inc.

In October 2008, we entered into a license and sublicense agreement with Lyotropic Therapeutics, Inc., or Lyotropic, under which we were granted an exclusive license under Lyotropic's intellectual property rights relating to dantrolene, and an exclusive worldwide sublicense under certain nanocrystal technology relating to a formulation of dantrolene licensed by Alkermes, Inc. (as successor in interest to Elan Pharma International Limited), or Alkermes, to Lyotropic under an August 2004 license agreement between Alkermes and Lyotropic.

Under the terms of this license agreement with Lyotropic, we are responsible for the prosecution and maintenance of all of the licensed patents that solely or predominantly cover the dantrolene product. We are also required to use commercially reasonable efforts to progress the development of our dantrolene product in the United States, and after completion of required clinical trials, to file a 505(b)(2) application in the United States for such product. We are also required to use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain regulatory approval and make commercial sales of our dantrolene product in at least two countries in Europe, in Japan and in at least one of Korea, Australia, Canada or Brazil within certain specified time periods, or to enter into a bona fide sublicense agreement under which a third party would progress commercialization of the product in such country or countries. These time periods may be extended if additional clinical trials are required in any such country in order to obtain regulatory approval in such

country. Each of Europe, Japan and the rest of the countries in the world, including Korea, Australia, Canada or Brazil are considered to be separate Ex-U.S. Regions for the purpose of our license with Lyotropic. If we fail to comply with these commercial and regulatory diligence obligations in, each of the Ex-U.S. Regions, our license in the applicable Ex-U.S. Region will be revoked, and we will be required to discontinue operations in relation to the product in the applicable countries, and to transfer to Lyotropic all materials and information developed by us in relation to our dantrolene product in the Ex-U.S. Regions.

Under our license agreement with Lyotropic, we are not required to make any milestone payments but we are required to pay royalties on a country-by-country basis at a percentage in the mid-teens on net sales of our dantrolene product until the earlier of (i) the later of ten years from the date of first commercial sale of our dantrolene product in such country and expiration of the last valid claim covering such product in such country and (ii) with respect to any country in which we or our affiliates (but not our sublicensees) are selling the dantrolene product, as of the beginning of the first fiscal quarter following the date of the first commercial sale of a generic version of our dantrolene product that results in a decrease in our net profits in such country by a specified percentage based on our average quarterly net profits for sales of our dantrolene product in such country over the 18 months immediately preceding the launch of such generic product.

Our agreement with Lyotropic will continue in force until terminated. The agreement may be terminated by either party for the other party's insolvency or material uncured breach, and we have the right to terminate the agreement upon 90 days written notice if, in our sole discretion, commercial development of the dantrolene product is no longer commercially reasonable.

License and Development Agreement with The Medicines Company

In September 2009, we entered into a license and development agreement with The Medicines Company under which we granted The Medicines Company an exclusive license under our patent and other intellectual property rights in argatroban to commercialize argatroban products in the United States and Canada, and a right of first negotiation to commercialize argatroban in other countries (except the right of first negotiation does not apply to China unless and until we regain rights to commercialize argatroban products in China).

Under this agreement, we are responsible for development and obtaining regulatory approvals for argatroban in the United States, at our cost, and are required to use commercially reasonable efforts with respect to such activities. The Medicines Company is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize such argatroban products. We are also responsible, at our cost, for prosecution and maintenance of the licensed patents that cover the argatroban products, although The Medicines Company is required to reimburse us for half of our costs.

Under this agreement, we received an upfront lump sum payment of $5.0 million. Additionally, we are obligated to share equally gross profits we receive from Sandoz pursuant to the Sandoz Supply and Distribution Agreement with The Medicines Company and The Medicines Company is obligated to share equally with us the gross profits it receives from sales of argatroban product in the United States.

Our agreement with The Medicines Company will continue in force until terminated. The agreement may be terminated by either party for the other party's material uncured breach, and The Medicines Company has the right to terminate the agreement in its entirety or on a product-by-product basis upon 60 days written notice to us. In November 2011, we initiated a voluntary product recall of the argatroban product which was reintroduced on the market in May 2012. Under a 2012 amendment to this agreement we agreed to and received net payment of $471,077 from The Medicines Company. In 2009, we and The Medicines Company also entered into a related supply agreement under which we are the exclusive supplier of argatroban product to The Medicines Company for sales in the United States and Canada. This agreement will remain in force for a period of ten years, unless our license to The Medicines Company is terminated, in which case the supply agreement will automatically terminate. Either we or The Medicines Company may also terminate this supply agreement for uncured material breach.

Settlement Agreement and Related Supply and Distribution Agreement with Sandoz

In January 2013, we entered into a settlement agreement with Sandoz Inc., ("Sandoz") to resolve the suit we brought against Sandoz claiming infringement of our issued U.S. patents 7,589,106 and 7,687,516, based on Sandoz's filing of ANDA No. 203743, in which Sandoz requested approval from the FDA for distribution of argatroban prior to the expiration of such patents. In connection with, and at the same time as the settlement agreement, we also entered into a Supply and Distribution Agreement with Sandoz, under which we agreed to supply unbranded (generic) argatroban in 50mg/50mL vials, which we define as an Authorized Generic Product, to Sandoz through our contract manufacturer for exclusive distribution to Sandoz's customers in the United States.

Under the terms of the Supply and Distribution Agreement, Sandoz is obligated to pay us a percentage in the range of 85 to

95 percent of the net profits for all Authorized Generic Product sold by Sandoz. Also, under the terms of the Supply and Distribution Agreement, Sandoz will continue to market argatroban in 125mg/125mL vials, which we define as a Sandoz Product, and Sandoz is obligated to pay us a percentage in the range of 60 to 70 percent of the net profits of all Sandoz Product sold by Sandoz.

Sandoz was authorized to begin commercial sales of our argatroban 50mg/50mL product in the United States upon execution of this agreement and the agreement will continue in force for three years from the date of signing. The agreement will automatically renew for additional one year periods unless either party gives notice to the other of non-renewal at least six months prior to each renewal date. Either we or Sandoz may terminate this agreement earlier for the other party's uncured material breach, insolvency or force majeure. In addition, either we or Sandoz may terminate the agreement earlier if the agreement violates or could violate applicable laws, or if a party is subjected to increased risk due to a change in laws or regulations after the effective date of the agreement, in each case based on the opinion of governmental agencies and/or the advice of legal counsel, or if it is no longer commercially viable to continue sales of argatroban in the 50mg/50mL preparation in the United States, which is defined as the point at which net sales fall below a specified percentage of the cost argatroban product is sold to Sandoz under the agreement.

Development and License Agreement with SciDose (argatroban and bivalirudin)

In June 2007 we entered into a development and license agreement with SciDose, LLC ("SciDose") in which SciDose assigned us certain patents relating to argatroban, bivalirudin, and two additional products under development or ("the SciDose Subject Products") and granted us an exclusive, sub-licensable, worldwide (excluding China for all products except ANDA products containing bivalirudin), license under SciDose's intellectual property rights to develop, make, use, sell and import parenteral formulations of the SciDose Subject Products (and including all other formulations for one of the additional products under development).

Our collaboration with SciDose is guided by a joint development committee. SciDose is responsible, at its cost, for prosecuting and maintaining the licensed patents that cover the SciDose Subject Products. We are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop, obtain marketing authorization for and commercialize the SciDose Subject Products under this agreement.

Under the terms of this Agreement, no further milestone payments are due to SciDose. We are required to make royalty payments based on gross profits of sales of the SciDose Subject Products by us and our affiliates (i) at 15% for Bivalirudin products, as amended in 2015, and at 50% for other SciDose Subject Products that achieve regulatory approval and are commercialized on the basis of a 505(b)(2) application (provided that we are entitled to recoup all of our expenses related to the development of a product commercialized under a 505(b)(2) application prior to splitting the profits we receive from such product), and (ii) at a percentage in the range of 20 to 30 percent with respect to SciDose Subject Products that are commercialized on the basis of an ANDA application. Our royalty obligations continue on a product-by-product basis until the later of ten years after the first commercial sale of each SciDose Subject Product and the expiration of the last valid claim covering such SciDose Subject Product, subject to certain customary reductions in the event that there is no valid patent claim covering the manufacture, use, import or sale of such SciDose Subject Product in a country in the territory. In the event we grant a license to any third party under the patents assigned to us or the intellectual property rights licensed to us with respect to any SciDose Subject Product, we are required to pay to SciDose 100% of all milestone payments we receive with respect to commercialization of any such SciDose Subject Products outside the United States, and a percentage in the range of 45 to 55 percent of any milestone payments we receive with respect to commercialization of any such SciDose Subject Products in the United States.

This agreement expires upon the expiration of our royalty obligations. The agreement may be terminated earlier by either us or SciDose, for the other party's material uncured breach and we may terminate this agreement on a product-by-product basis if the costs and expenses related to clinical trials for a SciDose Subject Product exceed a specified threshold.

Development and License Agreement with Robert One, LLC (bendamustine)

In March 2008 we entered into a development and license agreement with Robert One, LLC ("Robert One") in which Robert One assigned to us certain patents relating to bendamustine and four additional 505(b)(2) products and/or ANDA products under development ("the Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Products") and granted us an exclusive, sub-licensable, license under Robert One's intellectual property rights to develop make, use, sell and import Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Products worldwide (excluding China) with respect to bendamustine and other 505(b)(2) product applications and in North America with respect to ANDA product applications.

Products. We are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop the Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Products and obtain marketing authorization for the Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Products in the Territory and, upon receipt of marketing authorization, commercialize the Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Products under this agreement.

Under the terms of this Agreement no further milestone payments are due to Robert One. We are required to make royalty payments based on gross profits of sales of the Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Products by us and our affiliates in the Territory (i) at 10 percent, as amended in 2015, for bendamustine products and (ii) at a percentage in the range of 45 to 55 percent for products, other than bendamustine products, that achieve regulatory approval and are commercialized on the basis of a 505(b)(2) application (provided that we are entitled to recoup all of our expenses related to the development of a product commercialized under a 505(b)(2) application prior to splitting the profits we receive from such product), and (iii) at a percentage in the range of 20 to 30 percent with respect to products, other than bendamustine products, that are commercialized on the basis of an ANDA application. Our royalty obligations continue on a product-by-product basis until the later of ten years after the first commercial sale of each Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Product and the expiration of the last valid claim covering such Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Product, subject to certain reductions in the event that there is no valid patent claim covering the manufacture, use, import or sale of such Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Product in a country in the territory. In the event we grant a license to any third party under the patents assigned to us or the intellectual property rights licensed to us with respect to any Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Product, we are required to pay to Robert One 100% of all milestone payments we receive with respect to commercialization of any such Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Products outside the United States, and a percentage in the range of 45 to 55 percent of any milestone payments we receive with respect to commercialization of any such Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Products commercialized in the United States.

This agreement expires upon the expiration of our royalty obligations. The agreement may be terminated earlier by either us or Robert One, for the other party's material uncured breach and we may terminate this agreement on a product-by-product basis if the costs and expenses related to clinical trials for a Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Product exceed a specified threshold and either party may terminate the agreement if the ANDA or 505(b)(2) applications, as applicable, for the formulation of the Robert One (bendamustine) Subject Product has not been accepted by the FDA or if the ANDA or 505(b)(2), as applicable, is not approved by the FDA.

Development and License Agreement with Robert One, LLC (pemetrexed)

In February 2009 we entered into a development and license agreement with Robert One, in which Robert One assigned to us certain patents relating to pemetrexed and four additional 505(b)(2) products and/or ANDA products under development ("the Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Product)" and granted us an exclusive, sub-licensable, license under Robert One's intellectual property rights to develop make, use, sell and import Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Products worldwide (excluding China) with respect to pemetrexed and other 505(b)(2) product applications and in North America with respect to ANDA product applications.

Our collaboration with Robert One is guided by a joint development committee. If the joint development committee is not able to make a decision by consensus then the dispute will be escalated to specified senior executive officers of the parties. Robert One is responsible, at its cost, for prosecuting and maintaining the licensed patents that cover the Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Products. We are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop the Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Products and obtain marketing authorization for the Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Products in the United States and, upon receipt of marketing authorization, commercialize the Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Products under this agreement.

Under the terms of this Agreement no further milestone payments are due to Robert One. We are required to make royalty payments based on gross profits of sales of the Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Product by us and our affiliates in the Territory (i) at a percentage in the range of 45 to 55 percent for Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Products that achieve regulatory approval and are commercialized on the basis of a 505(b)(2) application (provided that we are entitled to recoup all of our expenses related to the development of a product commercialized under a 505(b)(2) application prior to splitting the profits we receive from such product), and (ii) at a percentage in the range of 20 to 30 percent with respect to Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Products that are commercialized on the basis of an ANDA application. Our royalty obligations continue on a product-by-product basis until the later of ten years after the first commercial sale of each Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Product and the expiration of the last valid claim covering such Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Product, subject to certain reductions in the event that there is no valid patent claim covering the manufacture, use, import or sale of such Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Product in a country in the territory. In the event we grant a license to any third party under the patents assigned to us or the intellectual property rights licensed to us with respect to any Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Product, we are required to pay to Robert One 100% of all milestone payments we receive with respect to commercialization of any such Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Products outside the United States and a percentage in the range of 45 to 55 percent of any milestone payments we receive with respect to

commercialization of any such Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Products commercialized in the United States. This agreement expires upon the expiration of our royalty obligations. The agreement may be terminated earlier by either us or Robert One, for the other party's material uncured breach and we may terminate this agreement on a product-by-product basis if the costs and expenses related to clinical trials for a Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Product exceed a specified threshold and either party may terminate this agreement if the ANDA or 505(b)(2) applications, as applicable, for the formulation of the Robert One (pemetrexed) Subject Product has not been accepted by the FDA in each case if the ANDA or 505(b)(2), as applicable, is not approved by the FDA and the joint development committee has not selected a replacement product within the specified timeframe.

Bendamustine License Agreement

On February 13, 2015, we submitted an NDA to the FDA for EP-3102 Bendeka which was approved by the FDA on December 8, 2015. Also, on February 13, 2015, we entered into the Cephalon License with Cephalon, for U.S. and Canadian rights to EP-3102 Bendeka for treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL. Pursuant to the terms of the Cephalon License, Cephalon is responsible for all U.S. commercial activities for the product including promotion and distribution, and we are responsible for obtaining and maintaining all regulatory approvals and conducting post-approval clinical studies. Additionally, under the terms of the Cephalon License, we received an upfront cash payment of $30 million, received a $15 million milestone in January 2016 on the FDA approval of EP-3102 Bendeka in December 2015 and are currently eligible to receive up to $65 million in additional milestone payments. In addition, we are entitled to receive royalty payments of 20% of net sales of the product. In connection with the Cephalon License, we have entered into a supply agreement with Cephalon, pursuant to which we will be responsible for supplying product to Cephalon for a specified period.

Cephalon Settlement and License Agreement

In connection with the Cephalon License, on February 13, 2015, we entered into the Cephalon Settlement Agreement with Cephalon, pursuant to which the parties agreed to settle the pending patent infringement claims against each other regarding Cephalon's US Patent No. 8,791,270, under which we agreed to enter into a Consent Judgment regarding the ‘270 patent. As part of the Cephalon Settlement Agreement, Cephalon has agreed to waive its orphan drug exclusivities for the treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL with EP-3102.

Teikoku License Agreement

Competition

The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our competitors include organizations such as major multinational pharmaceutical companies, established biotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and generic drug companies. Many of our competitors have greater financial and other resources than we have, such as more commercial resources, larger research and development staffs and more extensive marketing and manufacturing organizations. As a result, these companies may obtain marketing approval more rapidly than we are able and may be more effective in selling and marketing their products. Smaller or early stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large, established companies.

Our competitors may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing on an exclusive basis technologies and drug products that are more effective or less costly than products that we are currently selling through partners or developing or that we may develop, which could render our products obsolete and noncompetitive. We expect any products that we develop and commercialize to compete on the basis of, among other things, efficacy, safety, convenience of administration and delivery, price and the availability of reimbursement from government and other third-party payers. We also expect to face competition in our efforts to identify appropriate collaborators or partners to help commercialize our product portfolio in our target commercial markets.

Government Regulation

FDA Approval Process

In the United States, pharmaceutical products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA. The FDCA and other federal and state statutes and regulations, govern, among other things, the research, development, testing, manufacture, storage, recordkeeping, approval, labeling, promotion and marketing, distribution, post-approval monitoring and reporting, sampling, and import and export of pharmaceutical products. Failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirements may subject a company to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as FDA refusal to approve pending applications, clinical holds, warning or untitled letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, withdrawal of product from the market, injunctions, fines, civil penalties and criminal prosecution.

FDA approval is required before any new unapproved drug or dosage form, including a new use of a previously approved drug, can be marketed in the United States. The process required by the FDA before a new drug may be marketed in the United States generally involves:


•	completion of pre-clinical laboratory and animal testing and formulation studies in compliance with the FDA's current good laboratory practice ("cGLP") regulations;


•	submission to the FDA of an Investigational New Drug ("IND") application for human clinical testing which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin in the United States;


•	approval by an independent institutional review board ("IRB") at each clinical trial site before each trial may be initiated;


•	performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials in accordance with current good clinical practices ("cGCP") to establish the safety and efficacy of the proposed drug product for each intended use;


•	satisfactory completion of an FDA pre-approval inspection of the facility or facilities at which the product is manufactured to assess compliance with the FDA's cGMP regulations to assure that the facilities, methods and controls are adequate to preserve the drug's identity, strength, quality and purity;


•	submission to the FDA of an NDA;


•	satisfactory completion of a potential review by an FDA advisory committee, if applicable; and


•	FDA review and approval of the NDA.

The preclinical and clinical testing and approval process takes many years and the actual time required to obtain approval, if any, may vary substantially based upon the type, complexity and novelty of the product or disease.

Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluation of product chemistry, formulation and toxicity, as well as animal studies to assess the characteristics and potential safety and efficacy of the product. The conduct of the preclinical tests must comply with federal regulations and requirements, including cGLPs. The results of preclinical testing are submitted to the FDA as part of an IND application along with other information, including information about product chemistry, manufacturing and controls and a proposed clinical trial protocol. Long-term preclinical tests, such as animal tests of reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity, may continue after the IND application is submitted.

The IND application automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30-day time period, raises concerns or questions relating to one or more proposed clinical trials and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold, including concerns that human research subjects will be exposed to unreasonable health risks. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the clinical trial can begin. A separate submission to an existing IND application must also be made for each successive clinical trial conducted during product development. Further, an independent IRB, covering each site proposing to conduct the clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial and informed consent information for subjects before the trial commences at that site and it must monitor the study until completed. The FDA, the IRB, or the sponsor may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk or for failure to comply with the IRB's requirements, or may impose other conditions. Clinical trials involve the administration of the investigational new drug to healthy volunteers or patients under the supervision of a qualified investigator in accordance with cGCP requirements, which include the requirement that all research subjects provide their informed consent in writing for their participation in any clinical trial. Sponsors of clinical trials generally must register and report, at the NIH-maintained website ClinicalTrials.gov, key parameters of certain clinical trials. For purposes of an NDA submission and approval, human clinical trials are typically conducted in the following sequential phases, which may overlap or be combined:

Phase 1: In Phase 1, through the initial introduction of the drug into healthy human subjects or patients, the drug is tested to assess metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological actions, side effects associated with increasing doses, and, if possible,

early evidence on effectiveness.

Phase 2: Phase 2 usually involves trials in a limited patient population to determine the effectiveness of the drug for a particular indication, dosage tolerance and optimum dosage, and to identify common adverse effects and safety risks.

Phase 3: Phase 3 trials are undertaken to obtain the additional information about clinical efficacy and safety in a larger number of patients, typically at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites, to permit the FDA to evaluate the overall benefit-risk relationship of the drug and to provide adequate information for the labeling of the drug. In most cases, the FDA requires two adequate and well controlled Phase 3 clinical trials to demonstrate the efficacy of the drug. A single Phase 3 trial with other confirmatory evidence may be sufficient in rare instances where the study is a large multicenter trial demonstrating internal consistency and a statistically persuasive finding of a clinically meaningful effect on mortality, irreversible morbidity or prevention of a disease with a potentially serious outcome and confirmation of the result in a second trial would be practically or ethically impossible.

After completion of the required clinical testing, an NDA is prepared and submitted to the FDA. FDA approval of the NDA is required before marketing of the product may begin in the United States. The NDA must include the results of all preclinical, clinical and other testing and a compilation of data relating to the product's pharmacology, chemistry, manufacture and controls. Under federal law, the submission of most NDAs is subject to a substantial application user fee, and the manufacturer and/or sponsor under an approved NDA are also subject to annual product and establishment user fees.

The FDA has 60 days from its receipt of an NDA to determine whether the application will be accepted for filing based on the agency's threshold determination that it is sufficiently complete to permit substantive review. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. In this event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to payment of additional user fees. The resubmitted application is also subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth substantive review. Under PDUFA the FDA has agreed to certain performance goals in the review of NDAs through a two-tiered classification system, Standard Review and Priority Review. Priority Review designation is given to drugs that offer major advances in treatment, or provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. The FDA endeavors to review applications subject to Standard Review within ten to twelve months, whereas the FDA's goal is to review Priority Review applications within six to eight months, depending on whether the drug is a new molecular entity.

The FDA may refer applications for novel drug products or drug products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions.

Before approving an NDA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure compliance with cGCP requirements. Additionally, the FDA will inspect the facility or the facilities at which the drug is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the product unless it determines that the manufacturing process and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and are adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications and the NDA contains data that provide substantial evidence that the drug is safe and effective in the indication studied.

After the FDA evaluates the NDA and the manufacturing facilities, it issues either an approval letter or a complete response letter to indicate that the review cycle for an application is complete and that the application is not ready for approval. A complete response letter generally outlines the deficiencies in the submission and may require substantial additional testing, or information, in order for the FDA to reconsider the application. Even with submission of this additional information, the FDA may ultimately decide that an application does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for approval. If, or when, the deficiencies have been addressed to the FDA's satisfaction in a resubmission of the NDA, the FDA will issue an approval letter. An approval letter authorizes commercial marketing of the drug with specific prescribing information for specific indications.

As a condition of NDA approval, the FDA may require a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies ("REMS") program to help ensure that the benefits of the drug outweigh the potential risks. If the FDA determines a REMS program is necessary during review of the application, the drug sponsor must agree to the REMS plan at the time of approval. A REMS program may be required to include various elements, such as a medication guide or patient package insert, a communication plan to educate healthcare providers of the drug's risks, limitations on who may prescribe or dispense the drug, or other elements to assure safe use, such as special training or certification for prescribing or dispensing, dispensing only under certain circumstances, special monitoring and the use of patient registries. In addition, the REMS must include a timetable to periodically assess the strategy. The requirement for a REMS program can materially affect the potential market and profitability of a drug.

Moreover, product approval may require substantial post-approval testing and surveillance to monitor the drug's safety or efficacy,

and the FDA has the authority to prevent or limit further marketing of a product based on the results of these post-marketing programs. Once granted, product approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or problems are identified following initial marketing. Drugs may be marketed only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label, and, even if the FDA approves a product, it may limit the approved indications for use for the product or impose other conditions, including labeling or distribution restrictions or other risk-management mechanisms.

Further changes to some of the conditions established in an approved application, including changes in indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes or facilities, require submission and FDA approval of a new NDA or NDA supplement before the change can be implemented, which may require us to develop additional data or conduct additional pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. An NDA supplement for a new indication typically requires clinical data similar to that in the original application, and the FDA uses the similar procedures in reviewing NDA supplements as it does in reviewing NDAs.

Post-Approval Requirements

Once an NDA is approved, a product will be subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, requirements relating to drug listing and registration, recordkeeping, periodic reporting, product sampling and distribution, adverse event reporting and advertising, marketing and promotion, including standards and regulations for direct to consumer advertising, off-label promotion, industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities and promotional activities involving the internet. Drugs may be marketed only for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling. While physicians may prescribe for off-label uses, manufacturers may only promote for the approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses, and a company that is found to have improperly promoted off-label uses may be subject to significant liability.

In addition, quality-control, drug manufacture, packaging and labeling procedures must continue to conform to cGMPs after approval. Drug manufacturers and certain of their subcontractors are required to register their establishments with FDA and certain state agencies. Registration with the FDA subjects entities to periodic unannounced and announced inspections by the FDA and these state agencies, during which the agency inspects manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMPs. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money, and effort in the areas of production and quality-control to maintain compliance with cGMPs. Regulatory authorities may withdraw product approvals or request product recalls if a company fails to comply with regulatory standards, if it encounters problems following initial marketing, or if previously unrecognized problems are subsequently discovered. The FDA may also impose a REMS requirement on a drug already on the market if the FDA determines, based on new safety information, that a REMS is necessary to ensure that the drug's benefits outweigh its risks. In addition, regulatory authorities may take other enforcement action, including, among other things, warning letters, the seizure of products, injunctions, consent decrees placing significant restrictions on or suspending manufacturing operations, refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications, civil penalties and criminal prosecution.

In addition, the distribution of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to the Prescription Drug Marketing Act ("PDMA") which regulates the distribution of drugs and drug samples at the federal level, and sets minimum standards for the registration and regulation of drug distributors by the states. A growing majority of states also impose certain drug pedigree requirements on the sale and distribution of prescription drugs.

The FDA may require post-approval studies and clinical trials if the FDA finds that scientific data, including information regarding related drugs, deem it appropriate. The purpose of such studies would be to assess a known serious risk or signals of serious risk related to the drug or to identify an unexpected serious risk when available data indicate the potential for a serious risk. The FDA may also require a labeling change if it becomes aware of new safety information that it believes should be included in the labeling of a drug.

The Hatch-Waxman Amendments

ANDA Approval Process

The Hatch-Waxman Act, established abbreviated FDA approval procedures for drugs that are shown to be equivalent to proprietary drugs previously approved by the FDA through its NDA process. Approval to market and distribute these drugs is obtained by filing an ANDA with the FDA. An ANDA is a comprehensive submission that contains, among other things, data and information pertaining to the active pharmaceutical ingredient, drug product formulation, specifications and stability of the generic drug, as well as analytical methods, manufacturing process validation data and quality control procedures. Premarket applications for generic drugs are termed abbreviated because they generally do not include preclinical and clinical data to demonstrate safety and

effectiveness. Instead, a generic applicant must demonstrate that its product is bioequivalent to the innovator drug. In certain situations, an applicant may obtain ANDA approval of a generic product with a strength or dosage form that differs from a referenced innovator drug pursuant to the filing and approval of an ANDA Suitability Petition. The FDA will approve the generic product as suitable for an ANDA application if it finds that the generic product does not raise new questions of safety and effectiveness as compared to the innovator product. A product is not eligible for ANDA approval if the FDA determines that it is not equivalent to the referenced innovator drug, if it is intended for a different use, or if it is not subject to an approved Suitability Petition. However, such a product might be approved under an NDA, with supportive data from clinical trials.

505(b)(2) NDAs

As an alternative path to FDA approval for modifications to formulations or uses of products previously approved by the FDA, an applicant may submit an NDA under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA. Section 505(b)(2) was enacted as part of the Hatch-Waxman Amendments and permits the filing of an NDA where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies not conducted by, or for, the applicant. If the 505(b)(2) applicant can establish that reliance on FDA's previous findings of safety and effectiveness is scientifically appropriate, it may eliminate the need to conduct certain preclinical or clinical studies of the new product. The FDA may also require companies to perform additional studies or measurements, including clinical trials, to support the change from the approved branded reference drug. The FDA may then approve the new product candidate for all, or some, of the label indications for which the branded reference drug has been approved, as well as for any new indication sought by the 505(b)(2) applicant.

Orange Book Listing

In seeking approval for a drug through an NDA, including a 505(b)(2) NDA, applicants are required to list with the FDA certain patents whose claims cover the applicant's product. Upon approval of an NDA, each of the patents listed in the application for the drug is then published in the Orange Book. Any applicant who files an ANDA seeking approval of a generic equivalent version of a drug listed in the Orange Book or a 505(b)(2) NDA referencing a drug listed in the Orange Book must certify to the FDA that (1) no patent information on the drug product that is the subject of the application has been submitted to the FDA; (2) such patent has expired; (3) the date on which such patent expires; or (4) such patent is invalid or will not be infringed upon by the manufacture, use or sale of the drug product for which the application is submitted. This last certification is known as a paragraph IV certification. A notice of the paragraph IV certification must be provided to each owner of the patent that is the subject of the certification and to the holder of the approved NDA to which the ANDA or 505(b)(2) application refers. The applicant may also elect to submit a "section viii" statement certifying that its proposed label does not contain (or carves out) any language regarding the patented method-of-use rather than certify to a listed method-of-use patent.

If the reference NDA holder and patent owners assert a patent challenge directed to one of the Orange Book listed patents within 45 days of the receipt of the paragraph IV certification notice, the FDA is prohibited from approving the application until the earlier of 30 months from the receipt of the paragraph IV certification expiration of the patent, settlement of the lawsuit or a decision in the infringement case that is favorable to the applicant. The ANDA or 505(b)(2) application also will not be approved until any applicable non-patent exclusivity listed in the Orange Book for the branded reference drug has expired as described in further detail below.

Non-Patent Exclusivity

In addition to patent exclusivity, the holder of the NDA for the listed drug may be entitled to a period of non-patent exclusivity, during which the FDA cannot approve an ANDA or 505(b)(2) application that relies on the listed drug. For example, a pharmaceutical manufacturer may obtain five years of non-patent exclusivity upon NDA approval of a new chemical entity, or NCE, which is a drug that contains an active moiety that has not been approved by FDA in any other NDA. An "active moiety" is defined as the molecule or ion responsible for the drug substance's physiological or pharmacological action. During the five year exclusivity period, the FDA cannot accept for filing any ANDA seeking approval of a generic version of that drug or any 505(b)(2) NDA for the same active moiety and that relies on the FDA's findings regarding that drug, except that FDA may accept an application for filing after four years if the follow-on applicant makes a paragraph IV certification.

A drug, including one approved under Section 505(b)(2), may obtain a three-year period of exclusivity for a particular condition of approval, or change to a marketed product, such as a new formulation for a previously approved product, if one or more new clinical studies (other than bioavailability or bioequivalence studies) was essential to the approval of the application and was conducted/sponsored by the applicant. Should this occur, the FDA would be precluded from approving any ANDA or 505(b)(2) application for the protected modification until after that three-year exclusivity period has run. However, unlike NCE exclusivity, the FDA can accept an application and begin the review process during the exclusivity period.

Orphan Drug Designation and Exclusivity

The Orphan Drug Act provides incentives for the development of products intended to treat rare diseases or conditions. Under the Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may grant orphan designation to a drug or biological product intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or more than 200,000 individuals in the United States and for which there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and making a drug or biological product available in the United States for this type of disease or condition will be recovered from sales of the product. If a sponsor demonstrates that a drug is intended to treat rare diseases or conditions, the FDA will grant orphan designation for that product for the orphan disease indication. Orphan designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After the FDA grants orphan product designation, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potential orphan use are disclosed publicly by the FDA. Orphan drug designation, however, does not convey any advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the regulatory review and approval process.

Orphan drug designation provides manufacturers with research grants, tax credits and eligibility for orphan drug exclusivity. If a product that has orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first FDA approval of the active moiety for that disease or condition for which it has such designation, the product is entitled to orphan drug exclusivity, which for seven years prohibits the FDA from approving another product with the same active ingredient for the same indication, except in limited circumstances. If a drug designated as an orphan product receives marketing approval for an indication broader than the orphan indication for which it received the designation, it will not be entitled to orphan drug exclusivity. Orphan exclusivity will not bar approval of another product under certain circumstances, including if a subsequent product with the same active ingredient for the same indication is shown to be clinically superior to the approved product on the basis of greater efficacy or safety, or providing a major contribution to patient care, or if the company with orphan drug exclusivity is not able to meet market demand. Further, the FDA may approve more than one product for the same orphan indication or disease as long as the products contain different active ingredients. Moreover, competitors may receive approval of different products for the indication for which the orphan product has exclusivity or obtain approval for the same product but for a different indication for which the orphan product has exclusivity. As a result, even if one of our product candidates receives orphan exclusivity, we may still be subject to competition. Orphan exclusivity also could block the approval of one of our products for seven years if a competitor obtains approval of the same drug or if our product candidate is determined to be contained within the competitor's product for the same indication or disease.

International Regulation

In addition to regulations in the United States, we are and will be subject to a variety of foreign regulations regarding development, approval, commercial sales and distribution of our products. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product, we must obtain the necessary approvals by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before we can commence clinical trials or marketing of the product in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country and can involve additional product testing and additional review periods, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required to obtain FDA approval. The requirements governing, among other things, the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country. Regulatory approval in one country does not ensure regulatory approval in another, but a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may negatively impact the regulatory process in others. If we fail to comply with applicable foreign regulatory requirements, we may be subject to fines, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approvals, product recalls, seizure of products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecution.

In the European Union ("EU"), we may seek marketing authorization under either the centralized authorization procedure or national authorization procedures.

Centralized procedure. The European Medicines Agency ("EMA") implemented the centralized procedure for the approval of human medicines to facilitate marketing authorizations that are valid throughout the EU. This procedure results in a single marketing authorization issued by the European Commission following a favorable opinion by the EMA that is valid across the European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. The centralized procedure is compulsory for human medicines that are: derived from biotechnology processes, such as genetic engineering, contain a new active substance indicated for the treatment of certain diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders or autoimmune diseases and other immune dysfunctions, and officially designated orphan medicines. For medicines that do not fall within these categories, an applicant has the option of submitting an application for a centralized marketing authorization to the EMA, as long as the medicine concerned is a significant therapeutic, scientific or technical innovation, or if its authorization would be in the interest of public health.

National authorization procedures. There are also two other possible routes to authorize medicinal products in several European Union countries, which are available for investigational medicinal products that fall outside the scope of the centralized procedure:

the decentralized procedure and the mutual recognition procedure. Under the decentralized procedure, an applicant may apply for simultaneous authorization in more than one EU country for medicinal products that have not yet been authorized in any EU country and that do not fall within the mandatory scope of the centralized procedure. Under the mutual recognition procedure, a medicine is first authorized in one EU Member State, in accordance with the national procedures of that country. Following a national authorization, the applicant may seek further marketing authorizations from other EU countries under a procedure whereby the countries concerned agree to recognize the validity of the original, national marketing authorization.

In the EU, medicinal products designated as orphan products benefit from financial incentives such as reductions in marketing authorization application fees or fee waivers and 10 years of marketing exclusivity following medicinal product approval. For a medicinal product to qualify as orphan: (i) it must be intended for the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of a disease that is life-threatening or chronically debilitating; (ii) the prevalence of the condition in the EU must not be more than five in 10,000 or it must be unlikely that marketing of the medicine would generate sufficient returns to justify the investment needed for its development; and (iii) no satisfactory method of diagnosis, prevention or treatment of the condition concerned can be authorized, or, if such a method exists, the medicine must be of significant benefit to those affected by the condition.

Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance Requirements

In the United States, the research, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, sale and promotion of drug products and medical devices are subject to numerous regulations by various federal, state and local authorities in addition to the FDA including, but not limited to, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice, HHS and its various enforcement divisions, such as CMS, the Office of Inspector General ("OIG"), the Office for Human Research Protections ("OHRP"), and the Office of Research Integrity ("ORI"), state Attorneys General, state Medicaid Fraud Control Units, or MFCUs, and other state and local government agencies. Healthcare laws and regulations that may govern our business include the following.

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, any person or entity, including a prescription drug manufacturer, or a party acting on its behalf, from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying any remuneration, directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind in return for the purchase, recommendation, leasing, ordering or furnishing of a good, facility, item, or service, for which payment may be made in whole or in part under a federal healthcare program such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. This statute has been interpreted broadly to apply to, among other things, arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers, on one hand, and prescribers, purchasers, and formulary managers, on the other. The term "remuneration" expressly includes kickbacks, bribes or rebates and also has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including for example, gifts, discounts, the furnishing of supplies or equipment, credit arrangements, payments of cash, waivers of payments, ownership interests and providing anything at less than its fair market value. There are a number of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting certain business arrangements from prosecution. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or safe harbor does not make the conduct per se illegal under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis based on a cumulative review of all of its facts and circumstances. Our practices may not meet all of the criteria for safe harbor protection from federal Anti-Kickback Statute liability in all cases. Additionally, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the "ACA"), among other things, amended the intent standard under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute to a stricter standard such that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. The ACA also provided that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal civil False Claims Act (discussed below). Further, many states have adopted laws similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, and some of these state laws may be broader in scope in that some of these state laws extend to all payors and may not contain safe harbors.

Federal false claims laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, prohibit, among other things, any person or entity from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval by the federal government or knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim to the federal government. The "qui tam" provisions of the federal civil False Claims Act allow a private individual to bring civil actions on behalf of the federal government alleging that the defendant has submitted a false claim to the federal government, and potentially to share in any monetary recovery. In recent years, the number of suits brought by private individuals has increased dramatically. In addition, various states have enacted false claims laws analogous to the federal civil False Claims Act. Many of these state laws are broader in scope and apply to all payors, and therefore, are not limited to only those claims submitted to the federal government. There are many potential bases for liability under the federal civil False Claims Act. Liability arises, primarily, when an entity knowingly submits, or causes another to submit, a false claim for reimbursement to the federal government. The federal civil False Claims Act has been used to assert liability on the basis of kickbacks and other improper referrals, improperly reported government pricing metrics such as Best Price or Average Manufacturer Price, and improper promotion of off-label uses

not expressly approved by the FDA in a drug's label. Our future activities relating to the reporting of discount and rebate information and other information affecting federal, state and third party reimbursement of our products, and the sale and marketing of our products and our service arrangements or data purchases, among other activities, may be subject to scrutiny under these laws. Additionally, the civil monetary penalties statute, among other things, imposes fines against any person or entity that is determined to have presented or caused to be presented claims to a federal healthcare program that the person or entity knows or should know is for an item or service that was not provided as claimed or is false or fraudulent.

We are unable to predict whether we would be subject to actions under these laws or the impact of such actions. However, the cost of defending such claims, as well as any sanctions imposed, could adversely affect our financial performance.

Also, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ("HIPPAA") created several additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit healthcare fraud and false statements relating to healthcare matters. The healthcare fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private third-party payors. The false statements statute prohibits knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. Like the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, ACA amended certain of these federal criminal statutes to a stricter standard such that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.

In addition, we may be subject to, or our marketing activities may be limited by, data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA and its implementing regulations established uniform standards for certain "covered entities," which are certain healthcare providers, health plans and healthcare clearinghouses, as well as their business associates, governing the conduct of specified electronic healthcare transactions and protecting the security and privacy of protected health information. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, commonly referred to as the economic stimulus package, included the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act ("HITECH"), which expanded certain of HIPAA's privacy and security standards. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA's security standards and certain privacy standards directly applicable to business associates. HITECH also created four new tiers of civil monetary penalties, amended HIPAA to make civil and criminal penalties directly applicable to business associates, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce the federal HIPAA laws and seek attorneys' fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions.

Additionally, federal transparency laws, including the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act created under Section 6002 of the ACA and its implementing regulations require that certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics, and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) report annually to CMS information related to "payments or other transfers of value" made or distributed to physicians (defined to include doctors of medicine, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors), generally, with some exceptions, and teaching hospitals, or to entities or individuals at the request of, or designated on behalf of, the physicians and teaching hospitals. Additionally, applicable manufacturers and applicable group purchasing organizations are required to report annually to the CMS certain ownership and investment interests held by physicians (as defined above) and their immediate family members.

There are also an increasing number of analogous state laws that require manufacturers to file reports with states on pricing and marketing information, such as tracking and reporting of gifts, compensations, other remuneration and items of value provided to health care professionals and health care entities. Many of these laws contain ambiguities as to what is required to comply with the laws. Several states have also enacted legislation requiring pharmaceutical companies to, among other things, establish and implement commercial compliance programs, file periodic reports with the state, make periodic public disclosures on sales, marketing, pricing, clinical trials and other activities and/or register their sales representatives. Certain state laws also regulate manufacturers' use of identifiable data. These laws may affect our sales, marketing and other promotional activities by imposing administrative and compliance burdens. In addition, given the lack of clarity with respect to these laws and their implementation, our reporting actions could be subject to the penalty provisions of the pertinent state and federal authorities.

If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the health regulatory laws described above or any other laws that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including criminal and significant civil monetary penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment, disgorgement, contractual damages, reputational harm, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, injunctions, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, denial or withdrawal of pre-marketing product approvals, private qui tam actions brought by individual whistleblowers in the name of the government or refusal to allow us to enter into supply contracts, including government contracts and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. To the extent that any of our products are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws and regulations, which may include, for instance, the U.S.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Anti-Bribery Act, applicable post-marketing requirements, including safety surveillance, anti-fraud and abuse laws and implementation of corporate compliance programs and reporting of payments or transfers of value to healthcare professionals.

Third-Party Payor Coverage and Reimbursement

The commercial success of our product portfolio, if and when approved, will depend, in part, upon the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement from third-party payors at the federal, state and private levels. Patients who are prescribed treatments for their conditions and providers performing the prescribed services generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the associated healthcare costs. Sales of our product portfolio will therefore depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our product portfolio will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit, and/or similar healthcare management organizations, or are reimbursed by government health administration authorities, such as Medicare and Medicaid, private health coverage insurers and other third-party payors. The market for our product portfolio will depend significantly on access to third-party payors' formularies, or lists of treatments for which third-party payors provide coverage and reimbursement.

Also, third-party payors are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. Further, coverage and reimbursement for therapeutic products can differ significantly from payor to payor. As a result, the coverage determination process will require us to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of our products to each payor separately, with no assurance that adequate coverage and reimbursement will be obtained. The cost of pharmaceuticals and medical devices continues to generate substantial governmental and third-party payor scrutiny. We expect that the pharmaceutical industry will experience continued pricing pressures due to the trend toward managed healthcare, the increasing influence of managed care organizations and additional legislative and administrative proposals. Our results of operations and business could be adversely affected by current and future third-party payor policies as well as healthcare legislative and administrative reforms.

Some third-party payors also require pre-approval of coverage for new or innovative devices or drug therapies before they will reimburse healthcare providers who use such therapies. While we cannot predict whether any proposed cost-containment measures will be adopted or otherwise implemented in the future, these requirements or any announcement or adoption of such proposals could have a material adverse effect on our ability to obtain adequate prices for our product portfolio and to operate profitably.

In international markets, reimbursement and healthcare payment systems vary significantly by country, and many countries have instituted price ceilings on specific products and therapies. There can be no assurance that our products will be considered medically reasonable and necessary for a specific indication, that our products will be considered cost-effective by third-party payors, that an adequate level of reimbursement will be available or that the third-party payors' reimbursement policies will not adversely affect our ability to sell our products profitably.

Healthcare Reform

In the United States and foreign jurisdictions, the legislative landscape continues to evolve. There have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the healthcare system that will likely affect our future operations. In particular, there have been and continue to be a number of initiatives at the United States federal and state levels that seek to reduce healthcare costs, improve access, and improve quality.

By way of example, in March 2010, the ACA was passed, which is significantly changing health care financing by both governmental and private insurers. The provisions of the ACA of importance to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry include, among others, the following:


•	an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned among these entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;


•	an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13% of the average manufacturer price for most branded and generic drugs, respectively;


•	new methodologies by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled, infused, instilled, implanted or injected, and for drugs that are line extension products;


•	a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% point-of-sale discounts to negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer's outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D;


•	extension of manufacturers' Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations, unless the drug is subject to discounts under the 340B drug discount program;


•	expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals and by adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the Federal Poverty Level thereby potentially increasing manufacturers' Medicaid rebate liability;


•	expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program;


•	expansion of healthcare fraud and abuse laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act and the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, new government investigative powers, and enhanced penalties for noncompliance;


•	a licensure framework for follow-on biologic products;


•	a new Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, along with funding for such research;


•	new requirements under the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act for manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value made to physicians and teaching hospitals as well as ownership or investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members; and,


•	a new requirement to annually report certain drug samples that manufacturers and distributors provide to licensed practitioners, or to pharmacies of hospitals or other healthcare entities.

We are still unsure of the full impact that the ACA will have on our business. There have been judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, and we expect that there will be additional challenges and amendments in the future.

Other healthcare legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. For example, in August 2011, the President signed into law the Budget Control Act of 2011, which, among other things, created the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend proposals in spending reductions to Congress. The Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction did not achieve its targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, triggering the legislation's automatic reductions to several government programs. These reductions include aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year, which went into effect on April 1, 2013 and, following passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, will remain in effect through 2025 unless additional Congressional action is taken. Additionally, in January 2013, President Obama signed into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitals, imaging centers, and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. These new laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on our customers and accordingly, our financial operations.

In addition, the recently enacted Drug Supply Chain Security Act imposes on manufacturers of certain pharmaceutical products new obligations related to product tracking and tracing, among others, which will be phased in over several years beginning in 2015. Among the requirements of this new legislation, manufacturers subject to this federal law will be required to provide certain information regarding the drug product to individuals and entities to which product ownership is transferred, label drug product with a product identifier, and keep certain records regarding the drug product. The transfer of information to subsequent product owners by manufacturers will eventually be required to be done electronically. Covered manufacturers will also be required to verify that purchasers of the manufacturers' products are appropriately licensed. Further, under this new legislation, covered manufacturers will have drug product investigation, quarantine, disposition, and notification responsibilities related to counterfeit, diverted, stolen, and intentionally adulterated products, as well as products that are the subject of fraudulent transactions or which are otherwise unfit for distribution such that they would be reasonably likely to result in serious health consequences or death.

We expect that additional state and federal healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future. For example, there has been increasing legislative and enforcement interest in the United States with respect to specialty drug pricing practices. Specifically, there have been several recent U.S. Congressional inquiries and proposed bills designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to drug pricing, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for drugs. Further, in January 2016, CMS issued a final rule regarding the Medicaid drug rebate program. The final rule, effective April 1, 2016, among other things, revises the manner in which the “average manufacturer price” is to be calculated by manufacturers participating in the program and implements certain amendments to the Medicaid rebate statute created under the ACA. Any additional healthcare reform measures could further constrain our business and/or limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in reduced demand for our product portfolio or additional pricing pressures.

Other Regulatory Requirements

We are also subject to various laws and regulations regarding laboratory practices, the experimental use of animals, and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances in connection with our research. In each of these areas, as above, the FDA and other government agencies have broad regulatory and enforcement powers, including, among other things, the ability

to levy fines and civil penalties, suspend or delay issuance of approvals, seize or recall products, and withdraw approvals, any one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

Employees

As of December 31, 2015, we had a total of 41 full-time employees in the United States, two part-time employees in the United States, and two full-time consultants in India. Of these 41 full-time employees, twelve were in research and development, eleven were in regulatory affairs and quality control compliance, three were in sales and marketing, seven were in administration and eight were in finance. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced any work stoppage and consider our relations with our employees to be good.

Segments and Geographic Information

We have one reporting segment. For information regarding revenue and other information regarding our results of operations for each of our last three fiscal years, please refer to our financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Item 7 of this annual report.

Corporate Information

We were incorporated in Delaware in January 2007. Our principal executive offices are located at 50 Tice Boulevard, Suite 315, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey 07677, and our telephone number is (201) 326-5300.

Available Information

Our corporate website address is www.eagleus.com. Information contained on or accessible through our website are not a part of this annual report on Form 10-K, and the inclusion of our website address in this annual report is an inactive textual reference only. We make our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such reports with, or furnish such reports to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below in addition to the other information included or incorporated by reference in this annual report. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations would likely suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could fall. In addition to the risk factors identified under the captions below, the operation and results of our business are subject to risks and uncertainties identified elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K as well as general risks and uncertainties such as those relating to general economic conditions and demand in the market for our products.

Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Need for Additional Capital

We have a history of operating losses and have only recently achieved profitability. If we cannot sustain profitability, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition would be materially harmed.

To date, we have focused primarily on developing a broad product portfolio and have obtained regulatory approval for five products. Some of our product candidates will require substantial additional development time and resources before we would be able to receive regulatory approvals, implement commercialization strategies and begin generating revenue from product sales. Although we had net income of $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, we have incurred significant net losses prior to 2015, of, $(5.5) million, for the three months ended December 31, 2014, and $(18.0) million and $(6.0) million for the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of $(107.1) million.

We have devoted most of our financial resources to product development, and may not generate significant revenue from sales of our product candidates in the near-term, if ever. To date, only EP-1101, diclofenac-misoprostol, Ryanodex, Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection and EP-3102 Bendeka have been commercialized.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with pharmaceutical product development, we are unable to fully predict the timing or amount of our expenses, but we expect to continue to incur substantial expenses, which we expect to increase as we expand our development activities and product portfolio. As a result of the foregoing, we may incur losses and negative cash flows in the future. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with interest thereon, is sufficient to fund our operations for a minimum of twelve months.

If we fail to obtain additional financing, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development programs.

Developing pharmaceutical products, including conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, is expensive. We expect our development expenses to substantially increase in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we advance our clinical programs, both internally and through our joint development agreement with AMRI.

Regardless of our expectations as to how long our net proceeds from our initial public offering and subsequent offering will fund our operations, changing circumstances beyond our control may cause us to consume capital more rapidly than we currently anticipate. For example, our product commercialization or development efforts could encounter technical or other difficulties that could increase our development costs more than we expect. In any event, we may require additional capital prior to obtaining regulatory approval for, or commercializing, any additional product candidates.

In addition, attempting to secure additional financing may divert our management from our day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize additional product candidates. We cannot guarantee that future financing will be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, we may be required to:


•	significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development or commercialization of our product candidates;


•	seek corporate partners for our products and product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable or on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available;


•	relinquish or license on unfavorable terms, our rights to technologies or products, or to product candidates that we otherwise would seek to develop or commercialize ourselves; or


•	significantly curtail, or cease, operations.

The occurrence of any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and prospects.

We may sell additional equity or incur debt to fund our operations, which may result in dilution to our stockholders and impose restrictions on our business.

In order to raise additional funds to support our operations, we may sell additional equity or incur debt, which could adversely impact our stockholders, as well as our business. The sale of additional equity or convertible debt securities would result in the issuance of additional shares of our capital stock and dilution to all of our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed payment obligations and could also result in certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire, sell or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business.

We may not have enough available cash or be able to raise additional funds on satisfactory terms, if at all, through equity or debt financings to repay our indebtedness at the time any such repayment is required (causing a default under such indebtedness), which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Regulatory Approval

We cannot give any assurance that we will receive regulatory approval for our product candidates, which is necessary before they can be commercialized.

Our business and future success are substantially dependent on our ability to successfully and timely develop, obtain regulatory approval for, and commercialize our product candidates. Any delay or setback in the development of any of these product candidates could adversely affect our business. Our planned development, approval and commercialization of these product candidates may fail to be completed in a timely manner or at all. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to obtain approval for any of our product candidates from the FDA or any foreign regulatory authority or that we will obtain such approval in a timely manner. For example, in August 2009, we submitted our product EP-2101 (topotecan) for approval in the United States under the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, referencing the brand product, Hycamtin. Ultimately, the FDA determined that it could not approve the application as submitted due to the amount of active drug per vial in our product and the potential for unintentional overdose. Based on the FDA's feedback and our determination that the market for topotecan had become overly competitive with multiple players, we decided not to continue to pursue product approval and we do not currently have plans to commercialize EP-2101 (topotecan).

If the FDA does not conclude that our product candidates satisfy the requirements for the 505(b)(2) regulatory approval pathway, or if the requirements for approval of any of our product candidates under Section 505(b)(2) are not as we expect, the approval pathway for our product candidates will likely take significantly longer, cost significantly more and encounter significantly greater complications and risks than anticipated, and in any case may not be successful.

We intend to seek FDA approval through the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for each of our product candidates described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, also known as the Hatch-Waxman Act, added Section 505(b)(2) to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act ("FDCA"). Section 505(b)(2) permits the filing of an NDA where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies that were not conducted by or for the applicant.

If the FDA does not allow us to pursue the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for our product candidates as anticipated, we may need to conduct additional clinical trials, provide additional data and information and meet additional standards for regulatory approval. If this were to occur, the time and financial resources required to obtain FDA approval for our product candidates would likely substantially increase. Moreover, the inability to pursue the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway could result in new competitive products reaching the market faster than our product candidates, which could materially adversely impact our competitive position and prospects. Even if we are allowed to pursue the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for a product candidate, we cannot assure you that we will receive the requisite or timely approvals for commercialization of such product candidate.

In addition, we expect that our competitors will file citizens' petitions with the FDA in an attempt to persuade the FDA that our product candidates, or the clinical studies that support their approval, contain deficiencies. Such actions by our competitors could delay or even prevent the FDA from approving any NDA that we submit under Section 505(b)(2).

Clinical development is a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results. Failure can occur at any stage of clinical development.

Clinical testing, even when utilizing the 505(b)(2) pathway, is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process, even with active ingredients that have previously been approved by the FDA as safe and effective. The results of preclinical studies and early clinical trials of our product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later stage clinical trials. A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier trials.

Our product candidates are in various stages of development, from early stage to late stage. Clinical trial failures may occur at any stage and may result from a multitude of factors both within and outside our control, including flaws in formulation, adverse safety or efficacy profile and flaws in trial design, among others. If the trials result in negative or inconclusive results, we or our collaborators may decide, or regulators may require us, to discontinue trials of the product candidates or conduct additional clinical trials or preclinical studies. In addition, data obtained from trials and studies are susceptible to varying interpretations, and regulators may not interpret our data as favorably as we do, which may delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. For these reasons, our future clinical trials may not be successful.

We do not know whether any future clinical trials we may conduct will demonstrate consistent or adequate efficacy and safety to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates. If any product candidate for which we are conducting clinical trials is found to be unsafe or lack efficacy, we will not be able to obtain regulatory approval for it. If we are unable to bring any of our current or future product candidates to market, our business would be materially harmed and our ability to create long-term stockholder value will be limited.

Delays in clinical trials are common and have many causes, and any delay could result in increased costs to us and could jeopardize or delay our ability to obtain regulatory approval and commence product sales. We may also find it difficult to enroll patients in our clinical trials, which could delay or prevent development of our product candidates.

We may experience delays in clinical trials of our product candidates. Our planned clinical trials may not begin on time, have an effective design, enroll a sufficient number of patients or be completed on schedule, if at all. Our clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including:


•	inability to raise or delays in raising funding necessary to initiate or continue a trial;


•	delays in obtaining regulatory approval to commence a trial;


•	delays in reaching agreement with the FDA on final trial design;


•	imposition of a clinical hold for safety reasons or following an inspection of our clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;


•	delays in reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations, or CROs, and clinical trial sites, or failure by such CROs to carry out the clinical trial at each site in accordance with the terms of our agreements with them;


•	delays in obtaining required institutional review board, or IRB, approval at each site;


•	difficulties or delays in having patients complete participation in a trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;


•	clinical sites electing to terminate their participation in one of our clinical trials, which would likely have a detrimental effect on subject enrollment;


•	time required to add new clinical sites; or


•	delays by our contract manufacturers to produce and deliver sufficient supply of clinical trial materials.

If initiation or completion of our planned clinical trials is delayed for any of the above reasons or other reasons, our development costs may increase, our regulatory approval process could be delayed and our ability to commercialize and commence sales of our product candidates could be materially harmed, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

In addition, identifying and qualifying patients to participate in clinical trials of our product candidates is critical to our success. The timing of our clinical trials depends on the speed at which we can recruit patients to participate in testing our product candidates as well as completion of required follow-up periods. We may not be able to identify, recruit and enroll a sufficient number of patients, or those with required or desired characteristics or to complete our clinical trials in a timely manner. Patient enrollment and completion of the trials is affected by factors including:


•	severity of the disease under investigation;


•	design of the trial protocol;


•	size of the patient population;


•	eligibility criteria for the trial in question;


•	perceived risks and benefits of the product candidate under trial;


•	proximity and availability of clinical trial sites for prospective patients;


•	availability of competing therapies and clinical trials;


•	efforts to facilitate timely enrollment in clinical trials;


•	patient referral practices of physicians; and


•	ability to monitor patients adequately during and after treatment.

Our products or product candidates may cause adverse effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval or limit the scope of any approved label or market acceptance, or result in significant negative consequences following marketing approval, if any.

As with many pharmaceutical and biological products, treatment with our products or product candidates may produce undesirable side effects or adverse reactions or events. Although the nature of our products or product candidates as containing active ingredients that have already been approved means that the side effects arising from the use of the active ingredient or class of drug in our products or product candidates is generally known, our products or product candidates may still cause undesirable side effects.

These could be attributed to the active ingredient or class of drug or to our unique formulation of such products or product candidates, or other potentially harmful characteristics. Such characteristics could cause us, our IRBs, clinical trial sites, the FDA or other regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay, denial or withdrawal of regulatory approval, which may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly.

Further, if any of our products cause serious or unexpected side effects after receiving market approval, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:


•	regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the product or impose restrictions on its distribution;


•	the FDA may require implementation of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS;


•	regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as warnings or contraindications;


•	we may be required to change the way the product is administered or conduct additional clinical studies;


•	we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients; or


•	our reputation may suffer.

Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the affected product or product candidate and could substantially increase the costs of commercializing our products and product candidates.

The regulatory approval processes of the FDA and comparable foreign authorities are lengthy, time consuming and inherently unpredictable, and if we are ultimately unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, our business will be substantially harmed.

The time required to obtain approval by the FDA and comparable foreign authorities is unpredictable but typically takes many years following the commencement of clinical trials and depends upon numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities. In addition, approval policies, regulations or the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate's clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. To date, we have obtained regulatory approval for five products, and we have three product candidates in advanced stages of development and other exploratory candidates under a collaborative agreement entered into in January 2016. However, it is possible that none of our existing product candidates or any product candidates we may seek to develop in the future will ever obtain regulatory approval in the United States or other jurisdictions.

Our product candidates could fail to receive regulatory approval for many reasons, including the following:


•	the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree that our changes to branded reference drugs meet the criteria for the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway or foreign regulatory pathways;


•	we may be unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities that a product candidate is safe and effective or comparable to its branded reference product for its proposed indication;


•	the results of any clinical trials we conduct may not meet the level of statistical significance required by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for approval;


•	we may be unable to demonstrate that a product candidate's clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks;


•	the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may fail to approve the manufacturing processes or facilities of third party manufacturers with which we contract for clinical and commercial supplies; and


•	the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may change significantly in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval.

This lengthy approval process as well as the unpredictability of future clinical trial results may result in our failing to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates, which would harm our business, results of operations and prospects significantly.

In addition, even if we were to obtain approval, regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited indications than we request, may not approve the price we intend to charge for our products, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials or may approve a product candidate with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate. Any of the foregoing scenarios could harm the commercial prospects for our product candidates.

We have limited experience using the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway to submit an NDA or any similar drug approval filing to the FDA, and we cannot be certain that any of our product candidates will receive regulatory approval. For example, we obtained FDA approval for our product EP-1101 using the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, but, after discussions with the FDA, we decided

not to continue pursuing FDA approval of our product EP-2101 (topotecan). The FDA determined that it could not approve the application as submitted due to the amount of active drug per vial in our product and the potential for unintentional overdose. Based on the FDA's feedback and our determination that the market for topotecan had become overly competitive with multiple players, we decided not to continue to pursue product approval and we do not currently have plans to commercialize EP-2101 (topotecan). If we do not receive regulatory approvals for our product candidates, we may not be able to continue our operations. Even if we successfully obtain regulatory approvals to market one or more of our product candidates, our revenue will be dependent, to a significant extent, upon the size of the markets in the territories for which we gain regulatory approval. If the markets for patients or indications that we are targeting are not as significant as we estimate, we may not generate significant revenue from sales of such products, if approved.

An NDA submitted under Section 505(b)(2) subjects us to the risk that we may be subject to a patent infringement lawsuit that would delay or prevent the review or approval of our product candidates.

Our product candidates will be submitted to the FDA for approval under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA. Section 505(b)(2) permits the submission of an NDA where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies that were not conducted by, or for, the applicant and on which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference. The 505(b)(2) application would enable us to reference published literature and/or the FDA's previous findings of safety and effectiveness for the branded reference drug. For NDAs submitted under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA, the patent certification and related provisions of the Hatch-Waxman Act apply. In accordance with the Hatch-Waxman Act, such NDAs may be required to include certifications, known as paragraph IV certifications, that certify that any patents listed in the Patent and Exclusivity Information Addendum of the FDA's publication, Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, commonly known as the Orange Book, with respect to any product referenced in the 505(b)(2) application, are invalid, unenforceable or will not be infringed by the manufacture, use or sale of the product that is the subject of the 505(b)(2) NDA.

Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, the holder of patents that the 505(b)(2) application references may file a patent infringement lawsuit after receiving notice of the paragraph IV certification. Filing of a patent infringement lawsuit against the filer of the 505(b)(2) applicant within 45 days of the patent owner's receipt of notice triggers a one-time, automatic, 30-month stay of the FDA's ability to approve the 505(b)(2) NDA, unless patent litigation is resolved in the favor of the paragraph IV filer or the patent expires before that time. Accordingly, we may invest a significant amount of time and expense in the development of one or more product candidates only to be subject to significant delay and patent litigation before such product candidates may be commercialized, if at all. In addition, a 505(b)(2) application will not be approved until any non-patent exclusivity, such as exclusivity for obtaining approval of a new chemical entity, or NCE, listed in the Orange Book for the referenced product has expired. The FDA may also require us to perform one or more additional clinical studies or measurements to support the change from the branded reference drug, which could be time-consuming and could substantially delay our achievement of regulatory approvals for such product candidates. The FDA may also reject our future 505(b)(2) submissions and require us to file such submissions under Section 505(b)(1) of the FDCA, which would require us to provide extensive data to establish safety and effectiveness of the drug for the proposed use and could cause delay and be considerably more expensive and time-consuming. These factors, among others, may limit our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates.

Companies that produce branded reference drugs routinely bring litigation against abbreviated new drug application, or ANDA, or 505(b)(2) applicants that seek regulatory approval to manufacture and market generic and reformulated forms of their branded products. These companies often allege patent infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights as the basis for filing suit against an ANDA or 505(b)(2) applicant. Likewise, patent holders may bring patent infringement suits against companies that are currently marketing and selling their approved generic or reformulated products.

Litigation to enforce or defend intellectual property rights is often complex and often involves significant expense and can delay or prevent introduction or sale of our product candidates. If patents are held to be valid and infringed by our product candidates in a particular jurisdiction, we would, unless we could obtain a license from the patent holder, be required to cease selling in that jurisdiction and may need to relinquish or destroy existing stock in that jurisdiction. There may also be situations where we use our business judgment and decide to market and sell our approved products, notwithstanding the fact that allegations of patent infringement(s) have not been finally resolved by the courts, which is known as an "at-risk launch." The risk involved in doing so can be substantial because the remedies available to the owner of a patent for infringement may include, among other things, damages measured by the profits lost by the patent owner and not necessarily by the profits earned by the infringer. In the case of a willful infringement, the definition of which is subjective, such damages may be increased up to three times. Moreover, because of the discount pricing typically involved with bioequivalent and, to a lesser extent, 505(b)(2), products, patented branded products generally realize a substantially higher profit margin than bioequivalent and, to a lesser extent, 505(b)(2), products, resulting in disproportionate damages compared to any profits earned by the infringer. An adverse decision in patent litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations and could cause the market value of our common stock to decline.

The FDA and other regulatory agencies actively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of off-label uses.

If we are found to have improperly promoted off-label uses of our products or product candidates, if approved, we may become subject to significant liability. Such enforcement has become more common in the industry. The FDA and other regulatory agencies strictly regulate the promotional claims that may be made about prescription products, such as our product candidates, if approved. In particular, a product may not be promoted for uses that are not approved by the FDA or such other regulatory agencies as reflected in the product's approved labeling. If we receive marketing approval for our product candidates for our proposed indications, physicians may nevertheless use our products for their patients in a manner that is inconsistent with the approved label, if the physicians personally believe in their professional medical judgment it could be used in such manner. However, if we are found to have promoted our products for any off-label uses, the federal government could levy civil, criminal and/or administrative penalties, and seek fines against us. The FDA or other regulatory authorities could also request that we enter into a consent decree or a corporate integrity agreement, or seek a permanent injunction against us under which specified promotional conduct is monitored, changed or curtailed. If we cannot successfully manage the promotion of our product candidates, if approved, we could become subject to significant liability, which would materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Our business is subject to extensive regulatory requirements and our approved product and product candidates that obtain regulatory approval will be subject to ongoing and continued regulatory review, which may result in significant expense and limit our ability to commercialize such products.

Even after a product is approved, we remain subject to ongoing FDA and other regulatory requirements governing the labeling, packaging, storage, distribution, safety surveillance, advertising, promotion, import, export, record-keeping and reporting of safety and other post-market information. The holder of an approved NDA is obligated to monitor and report adverse events, or AEs, and any failure of a product to meet the specifications in the NDA. The holder of an approved NDA must also submit new or supplemental applications and obtain FDA approval for certain changes to the approved product, product labeling or manufacturing process. Advertising and promotional materials must comply with FDA rules and are subject to FDA review, in addition to other potentially applicable federal and state laws. In addition, the FDA may impose significant restrictions on the approved indicated uses for which the product may be marketed or on the conditions of approval. For example, a product's approval may contain requirements for potentially costly post-approval studies and surveillance to monitor the safety and efficacy of the product, or the imposition of a REMS program.

Manufacturers of drug products and their facilities are subject to payment of user fees and continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, and adherence to commitments made in the NDA. If we or a regulatory agency discovers previously unknown problems with a product, such as AEs of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with the facility where the product is manufactured, a regulatory agency may impose restrictions relative to that product or the manufacturing facility, including requiring product recall, notice to physicians, withdrawal of the product from the market or suspension of manufacturing.

If we or our products or product candidates or our manufacturing facilities fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a regulatory agency may:


•	issue warning letters or untitled letters asserting that we are in violation of the law;


•	impose restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the product;


•	seek an injunction or impose civil, criminal and/or administrative penalties, damages, assess monetary fines, require disgorgement, consider exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care programs and require curtailment or restructuring of our operations;


•	suspend or withdraw regulatory approval;


•	suspend any ongoing clinical trials;


•	refuse to approve a pending NDA or supplements to an NDA submitted by us;


•	seize product; or


•	refuse to allow us to enter into government contracts.

Similar post-market requirements may apply in foreign jurisdictions in which we may seek approval of our products. Any government investigation of alleged violations of law could require us to expend significant time and resources in response and could generate negative publicity. The occurrence of any event or penalty described above may inhibit our ability to commercialize our products and generate revenues.

In addition, the FDA's regulations, policies or guidance may change and new or additional statutes or government regulations in the United States and other jurisdictions may be enacted that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates or further restrict or regulate post-approval activities. For example, the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, or FDASIA, requires the FDA to issue new guidance on permissible forms of Internet and social media promotion of regulated

medical products, and the FDA may soon specify new restrictions on this type of promotion. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from pending or future legislation or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad. If we are not able to achieve and maintain regulatory compliance, we may not be permitted to market our products and/or product candidates, which would adversely affect our ability to generate revenue and achieve or maintain profitability.

Our employees, independent contractors, principal investigators, consultants, commercial partners and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including non-compliance with regulatory standards and requirements and insider trading.

We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, principal investigators, consultants, commercial partners and vendors may engage in fraudulent conduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct that violates (1) the laws of the United States FDA and similar foreign regulatory bodies, including those laws requiring the reporting of true, complete and accurate information to such regulatory bodies; (2) health care laws and regulations, including fraud and abuse laws of the United States and similar foreign fraudulent misconduct laws; and (3) laws requiring the reporting of financial information or data accurately. Specifically, the promotion, sales and marketing of health care items and services, as well as certain business arrangements in the health care industry are subject to extensive laws designed to prevent misconduct, including fraud, kickbacks, self-dealing and other abusive practices. These laws may restrict or prohibit a wide range of pricing, discounting, marketing, structuring and commission(s), certain customer incentive programs and other business arrangements generally. Activities subject to these laws also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of patient recruitment for clinical trials. It is not always possible to identify and deter employee and other third-party misconduct. The precautions we take to detect and prevent inappropriate conduct may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to comply with these laws. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, imprisonment, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care programs, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations.

Any relationships with health care professionals, principal investigators, consultants, customers (actual and potential) and third party payors, in addition to our general business operations, are and will continue to be subject, directly or indirectly, to federal and state health care fraud and abuse laws, marketing expenditure tracking and disclosure, or sunshine laws, government price reporting and health information privacy and security laws. If we are unable to comply, or have not fully complied, with such laws, we could face penalties, including, without limitation, civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, disgorgement, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care programs, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings and curtailment or restructuring of our operations.

Our business operations and activities may be directly, or indirectly, subject to various federal, state and local fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the federal civil False Claims Act. These laws may impact, among other things, our current activities with principal investigators and research subjects, as well as proposed and future sales, marketing and education programs. In addition, we may be subject to patient data privacy and security regulation by the federal government, state governments and foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct our business, as well as transparency requirements. The U.S. healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our ability to operate include, but are not limited to:

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the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or paying any remuneration (including any kickback, bribe or rebate), directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, to induce, or in return for, either the referral of an individual, or the purchase, lease, order or recommendation of any good, facility, item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under a federal health care program, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs;

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federal civil and criminal false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, which prohibit and impose penalties for, among other things, individuals or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment or approval from the federal government including Medicare, Medicaid or certain other governmental health care programs that are false or fraudulent or knowingly making or causing to be made a false statement to improperly avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, or collectively, ACA, among other things, amends the intent requirement of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and criminal healthcare fraud statutes. A person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, the ACA provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting

from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal civil False Claims Act;

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the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, which created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program or obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises, any of the money or property owned by, or under the custody or control of, any health care benefit program, regardless of the payor (e.g., public or private) and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up by any trick or device a material fact or making any materially false statements in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, health care benefits, items or services relating to health care matters;

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HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, which impose requirements on certain covered health care providers, health plans and health care clearinghouses as well as their respective business associates that perform services for them that involve the use, or disclosure of, individually identifiable health information, relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information without appropriate authorization;

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the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, created under Section 6002 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, collectively, ACA, and its implementing regulations, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologicals and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program (with certain exceptions) to report annually to the United States Department of Health and Human Services' Centers for Medicare & Medicare Services, or CMS, information related to payments or other transfers of value made to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors) and teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members;


•	federal consumer protection and unfair competition laws, which broadly regulate marketplace activities and activities that potentially harm consumers;

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federal government price reporting laws, changed by ACA to, among other things, increase the minimum Medicaid rebates owed by most manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and offer such rebates to additional populations, that require us to calculate and report complex pricing metrics to government programs, where such reported prices may be used in the calculation of reimbursement and/or discounts on our marketed drugs. Participation in these programs and compliance with the applicable requirements may subject us to potentially significant discounts on our products, increased infrastructure costs and potentially limit our ability to offer certain marketplace discounts;


•	the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, a United States law which regulates certain financial relationships with foreign government officials (which could include, for example, certain medical professionals); and

•

state law equivalents of each of the above federal laws, such as anti-kickback, false claims, consumer protection and unfair competition laws which may apply to our business practices, including but not limited to, research, distribution, sales and marketing arrangements as well as submitting claims involving health care items or services reimbursed by any third party payors, including commercial insurers; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry's voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government that otherwise restricts payments that may be made to health care providers; state laws that require drug manufacturers to file reports with states regarding marketing information, such as the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensations and other remuneration and items of value provided to health care professionals and entities (compliance with such requirements may require investment in infrastructure to ensure that tracking is performed properly, and some of these laws result in the public disclosure of various types of payments and relationships, which could potentially have a negative effect on our business and/or increase enforcement scrutiny of our activities); and state laws governing the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways, thus complicating compliance efforts.

In addition, any sales of our products or product candidates once commercialized outside the United States will also likely subject us to foreign equivalents of the health care laws mentioned above, among other foreign laws.

Efforts to ensure that our business arrangements will comply with applicable health care laws may involve substantial costs. It is possible that governmental and enforcement authorities will conclude that our business practices may not comply with current or future statutes, regulations or case law interpreting applicable fraud and abuse or other health care laws and regulations. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to, without limitation, civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, disgorgement, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care

programs, contractual damages, reputational harm, imprisonment, diminished profits and future earnings and curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate.

We are required to obtain regulatory approval for each of our products in each jurisdiction in which we intend to market such products, and the inability to obtain such approvals would limit our ability to realize their full market potential.

In order to market products outside of the United States, we must comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements of other countries regarding safety and efficacy. Clinical trials conducted in one country may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other countries, and regulatory approval in one country does not mean that regulatory approval will be obtained in any other country. However, the failure to obtain regulatory approval in one jurisdiction may adversely impact our ability to obtain regulatory approval in another jurisdiction. Approval processes vary among countries and can involve additional product testing and validation and additional administrative review periods. Seeking foreign regulatory approval could result in difficulties and costs for us and require additional non-clinical studies or clinical trials which could be costly and time consuming. Regulatory requirements can vary widely from country to country and could delay or prevent the introduction of our products in those countries. If we fail to comply with regulatory requirements in international markets or to obtain and maintain required approvals, or if regulatory approval in international markets is delayed, our target market will be reduced and our ability to realize the full market potential of our products will be harmed.

If we fail to develop, acquire or in-license other product candidates or products, our business and prospects will be limited.

Our long-term growth strategy is to develop and commercialize a portfolio of product candidates in addition to our existing product candidates. We may also acquire or in-license such product candidates. Although we have internal research and development capacity that we believe will enable us to make improvements to existing compounds or active ingredients, we do not have internal drug discovery capabilities to identify and develop entirely new chemical entities or compounds. As a result, our primary means of expanding our pipeline of product candidates is to develop improved formulations and delivery methods for existing FDA-approved products and/or select and acquire or in-license product candidates for the treatment of therapeutic indications that complement or augment our current targets, or that otherwise fit into our development or strategic plans on terms that are acceptable to us. Developing new formulations of existing products or identifying, selecting and acquiring or in-licensing promising product candidates requires substantial technical, financial and human resources expertise. Efforts to do so may not result in the actual development, acquisition or in-license of a particular product candidate, potentially resulting in a diversion of our management's time and the expenditure of our resources with no resulting benefit. If we are unable to add additional product candidates to our pipeline, our long-term business and prospects will be limited.

Risks Related to Commercialization of Our Products and Product Candidates

Our commercial success depends upon attaining significant market acceptance of our products and product candidates, if approved, among physicians, nurses, pharmacists, patients and the medical community.

Even if we obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, our product candidates may not gain market acceptance among physicians, nurses, pharmacists, patients, the medical community or third party payors, which is critical to commercial success. Market acceptance of our products and any product candidate for which we receive approval depends on a number of factors, including:


•	the timing of market introduction of the product candidate as well as competitive products;


•	the clinical indications for which the product candidate is approved;


•	the convenience and ease of administration to patients of the product candidate;


•	the potential and perceived advantages of such product candidate over alternative treatments;


•	the cost of treatment in relation to alternative treatments, including any similar generic treatments;


•	the availability of coverage and adequate reimbursement and pricing by third party payors and government authorities;


•	relative convenience and ease of administration;


•	any negative publicity related to our or our competitors' products that include the same active ingredient;


•	the prevalence and severity of adverse side effects, including limitations or warnings contained in a product's FDA-approved labeling; and


•	the effectiveness of sales and marketing efforts.

Even if a potential product displays a favorable efficacy and safety profile in preclinical studies and clinical trials, market acceptance of the product will not be known until after it is launched. If our products or product candidates, if approved, fail to achieve an

adequate level of acceptance by physicians, nurses, pharmacists, patients and the medical community, we will be unable to generate significant revenues, and we may not become or remain profitable.

Guidelines and recommendations published by government agencies can reduce the use of our products and product candidates.

Government agencies promulgate regulations and guidelines applicable to certain drug classes which may include our products and product candidates that we are developing. Recommendations of government agencies may relate to such matters as usage, dosage, route of administration and use of concomitant therapies. Regulations or guidelines suggesting the reduced use of certain drug classes which may include our products and product candidates that we are developing or the use of competitive or alternative products as the standard of care to be followed by patients and health care providers could result in decreased use of our product candidates or negatively impact our ability to gain market acceptance and market share.

If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or if our commercial partners do not adequately perform, the commercial opportunity for our products may be diminished.

Although we intend to establish a commercial organization to promote certain of our approved products in the United States, we currently have limited experience, and the cost of establishing and maintaining such an organization may exceed the benefit of doing so. We have very limited prior experience in the marketing, sale and distribution of pharmaceutical products and there are significant risks involved in building and managing a sales organization, including our ability to hire, retain and incentivize qualified individuals, generate sufficient sales leads, provide adequate training to sales and marketing personnel and effectively manage a geographically dispersed sales and marketing team.

On November 4, 2015, we entered into the Spectrum Agreement under which the Spectrum 32-person Corporate Accounts Sales Team will dedicate 80% of its time to selling and marketing up to six of our products over a period of at least 18 months. We, Spectrum and any other commercialization partner we engage may not be able to attract, hire, train and retain qualified sales and sales management personnel in the future. If we or they are not successful in maintaining an effective number of qualified sales personnel, our ability to effectively market and promote our products may be impaired. Even if we or Spectrum are able to effectively build and maintain such sales personnel, such efforts may not be successful in commercializing our products.

The efforts of our partners in many instances are likely to be outside our control. If we are unable to maintain our commercial partnerships or to effectively establish alternative arrangements for our products, our business could be adversely affected. In addition, despite our arrangement with Spectrum, we still may not be able to cover all of the prescribing physicians for our products at the same level of reach and frequency as our competitors, and we ultimately may need to further expand our selling efforts in order to effectively compete.

If we obtain approval to commercialize any approved products outside of the United States, a variety of risks associated with international operations could materially adversely affect our business.

We may enter into agreements with third parties to market our products, outside the United States. We expect that we will be subject to additional risks related to entering into international business relationships, including:


•	different regulatory requirements for drug approvals in foreign countries;


•	reduced protection for intellectual property rights;


•	unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers and regulatory requirements;


•	economic weakness, including inflation, or political instability in particular foreign economies and markets;


•	compliance with tax, employment, immigration and labor laws for employees living or traveling abroad;


•	foreign taxes, including withholding of payroll taxes;


•	foreign currency fluctuations, which could result in increased operating expenses and reduced revenue, and other obligations incident to doing business in another country;


•	workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the United States;


•	production shortages resulting from any events affecting raw material supply or manufacturing capabilities abroad; and


•	business interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism, or natural disasters including earthquakes, typhoons, floods and fires.

If we are unable to differentiate our products or product candidates from branded reference drugs or existing generic therapies for the similar treatments, or if the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities approve generic products that compete with any of our products or product candidates, the ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates would be adversely affected.

Our strategy is to have our drugs enter the market no later than the first generic to the applicable branded reference drug. We expect to compete against branded reference drugs and to compete with their generic counterparts that will be sold for a lower price. Although we believe that our products and product candidates will be clinically differentiated from branded reference drugs and their generic counterparts, if any, it is possible that such differentiation will not impact our market position. If we are unable to achieve significant differentiation for our products or product candidates against other drugs, the opportunity for our products and product candidates to achieve premium pricing and be commercialized successfully would be adversely affected.

In addition to existing branded reference drugs and the related generic products, the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities may approve generic products that compete directly with our products or product candidates, if approved. Once an NDA, including a 505(b)(2) application, is approved, the product covered thereby becomes a "listed drug" which can, in turn, be cited by potential competitors in support of approval of an ANDA. The FDCA, FDA regulations and other applicable regulations and policies provide incentives to manufacturers to create modified, non-infringing versions of a drug to facilitate the approval of an ANDA for generic substitutes. These manufacturers might only be required to conduct a relatively inexpensive study to show that their product has the same active ingredient(s), dosage form, strength, route of administration and conditions of use or labeling as our products or product candidate and that the generic product is bioequivalent to ours, meaning it is absorbed in the body at the same rate and to the same extent as our products or product candidate. These generic equivalents, which must meet the same quality standards as branded pharmaceuticals, would be significantly less costly than ours to bring to market and companies that produce generic equivalents are generally able to offer their products at lower prices. Thus, after the introduction of a generic competitor, a significant percentage of the sales of any branded product is typically lost to the generic product. Accordingly, competition from generic equivalents of our products or product candidates would materially adversely impact our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates or negatively impact our ability to gain market acceptance and market share for our products.

We face significant competition from other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and our operating results will suffer if we fail to compete effectively.

The biopharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Many of our competitors both in the United States and internationally, include major multinational pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and universities and other research institutions. For example, EP-1101 is currently marketed in the United States by, among others, GlaxoSmithKline, or GSK, and West-Ward Pharmaceuticals, or West-Ward.

Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, such as larger research and development staff and experienced marketing and manufacturing organizations. Mergers and acquisitions in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries may result in even more resources being concentrated in our competitors. As a result, these companies may obtain regulatory approval more rapidly than we are able and may be more effective in selling and marketing their products as well. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large, established companies. Competition may increase further as a result of advances in the commercial applicability of technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in these industries. Our competitors may succeed in developing, acquiring or licensing on an exclusive basis drug products or drug delivery technologies that are more effective or less costly than our products or any product candidate that we are currently developing or that we may develop. In addition, our competitors may file citizens' petitions with the FDA in an attempt to persuade the FDA that our products, or the clinical studies that support their approval, contain deficiencies. Such actions by our competitors could delay or even prevent the FDA from approving any NDA that we submit under Section 505(b)(2).

We believe that our ability to successfully compete will depend on, among other things:


•	the efficacy and safety of our products and product candidates, including as relative to marketed products and product candidates in development by third parties;


•	the time it takes for our product candidates to complete clinical development and receive marketing approval;


•	the ability to maintain a good relationship with regulatory authorities;


•	the ability to commercialize and market any of our product candidates that receive regulatory approval;


•	the price of our products, including in comparison to branded or generic competitors;


•	whether coverage and adequate levels of reimbursement are available under private and governmental health insurance plans, including Medicare;


•	the ability to protect intellectual property rights related to our products and product candidates;


•	the ability to manufacture on a cost-effective basis and sell commercial quantities of our products and product candidates that receive regulatory approval; and


•	acceptance of any of our products and product candidates that receive regulatory approval by physicians and other health care providers.

If our competitors market products that are more effective, safer or less expensive than our products or product candidates, or that reach the market sooner than our product candidates, we may enter the market too late in the cycle and may not achieve commercial success. In addition, the biopharmaceutical industry is characterized by rapid technological change. Because we have limited research and development capabilities, it may be difficult for us to stay abreast of the rapid changes in each technology. If we fail to stay at the forefront of technological change, we may be unable to compete effectively. Technological advances or products developed by our competitors may render our technologies, products or product candidates obsolete, less competitive or not economical.

We could incur substantial costs and disruption to our business and delays in the launch of our product candidates if our competitors and/or collaborators bring legal actions against us, which could harm our business and operating results.

We cannot predict whether our competitors or potential competitors, some of whom we collaborate with, may bring legal actions against us based on our research, development and commercialization activities, as well as any product candidates or products resulting from these activities, claiming, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights, breach of contract or other legal theories. If we are forced to defend any such lawsuits, whether they are with or without merit or are ultimately determined in our favor, we may face costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel. These lawsuits could hinder our ability to enter the market early with our product candidates and thereby hinder our ability to influence usage patterns when fewer, if any, of our potential competitors have entered such market, which could adversely impact our potential revenue from such product candidates or negatively impact our ability to gain market acceptance and market share for our products.

Some of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do and could be able to sustain the cost of litigation to a greater extent and for longer periods of time than we could. Furthermore, an adverse outcome of a dispute may require us: to pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys' fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a party's patent or other intellectual property rights; to cease making, licensing or using products that are alleged to incorporate or make use of the intellectual property of others; to expend additional development resources to reformulate our products or prevent us from marketing a certain drug; and to enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the rights to use necessary technologies. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

If we are unable to achieve and maintain adequate levels of coverage and reimbursement for our products or product candidates, if approved, their commercial success may be severely hindered.

Successful sales of our products and any other approved product candidates depend on the availability of adequate coverage and reimbursement from third party payors. Patients who are prescribed medications for the treatment of their conditions generally rely on third party payors to reimburse all or part of the costs associated with their prescription drugs. Adequate coverage and reimbursement from governmental health care programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, and commercial payors is critical to new product acceptance. Coverage decisions may depend upon clinical and economic standards that disfavor new drug products when more established or lower cost therapeutic alternatives are already available or subsequently become available. Reimbursement by a third party payor may depend upon a number of factors, including but not limited to, the third party payor’s determination that use of a product is: a covered benefit under its health plan; safe, effective, and medically necessary; appropriate for the specific patient; cost-effective; and/or neither cosmetic, experimental, nor investigational.

Assuming we obtain coverage for a given product, the resulting reimbursement payment rates might not be adequate or may require co-payments that patients find unacceptably high. Patients are unlikely to use our products unless coverage is provided and reimbursement is adequate to cover a significant portion of the cost of our products.

In addition, the market for our products and our product candidates will depend significantly on access to third party payors' drug formularies, or lists of medications for which third party payors provide coverage and reimbursement. The industry competition to be included in such formularies often leads to downward pricing pressures on pharmaceutical companies. Also, third party payors may refuse to include a particular branded drug in their formularies or otherwise restrict patient access through formulary controls or otherwise to a branded drug when a less costly generic equivalent or other alternative is available.

Third party payors, whether foreign or domestic, or governmental or commercial, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling health care costs. In addition, in the United States, no uniform policy requirement for coverage and reimbursement for drug products exists among third party payors. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for drug products can differ significantly from payor to payor. As a result, the coverage determination process is often a time-consuming and costly process that could require

us to provide scientific, clinical and cost effectiveness support for the use of our products to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be applied consistently or obtained in the first instance. Even if we obtain coverage for a given product, the resulting reimbursement payment rates might not be adequate for us to achieve or sustain profitability.

Further, we believe that future coverage and reimbursement will likely be subject to increased restrictions both in the United States and in international markets. Third party coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates for which we may receive regulatory approval may not be available or adequate in either the United States or international markets, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Recently enacted and future legislation may increase the difficulty and cost for us to commercialize our product candidates and affect the prices we may obtain for our products.

The United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering, or have enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change the health care system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products and our product candidates profitably, once they are approved for sale. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in health care systems with the stated goals of containing health care costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.

For example, in March 2010, the ACA was enacted, which includes measures that have or will significantly change the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers. Among the ACA provisions of importance to the pharmaceutical industry are the following:


•	an annual, non-deductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports certain branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned among these entities according to their market share in certain government health care programs;


•	an increase in the rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13% of the average manufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;


•	extension of manufacturers' Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations;


•	new methodologies by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled, infused, instilled, implanted or injected, and for drugs that are line extensions;


•	changes to the Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% point-of-sale discounts to negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period as a condition for the manufacturer's outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D;


•	expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program;


•	expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals and by adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the Federal Poverty Level, thereby potentially increasing manufacturers' Medicaid rebate liability;


•	requirements under the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act for reporting by manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologicals and medical supplies of information related to payments or other transfers of value made or distributed to physicians and teaching hospitals, as well as certain investment interests;


•	the requirement to annually report drug samples that manufacturers and distributors provide to licensed practitioners or to pharmacies of hospitals or other health care entities;


•	expansion of health care fraud and abuse laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act and the federal Anti-Kickback Statute changes, new government investigative powers and enhanced penalties for noncompliance;


•	a licensure framework for follow-on biologic products; and


•	a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, along with funding for such research.

While the United States Supreme Court has previously upheld the constitutionality of certain elements of the ACA, we expect additional challenges and amendments to the ACA will continue in the future. At this time, it remains unclear whether there will be any changes made to the ACA, whether to certain provisions or its entirety. We cannot assure you that the ACA, as currently enacted or as amended in the future, will not adversely affect our business and financial results and we cannot predict how future federal or state legislative or administrative changes relating to healthcare reform will affect our business.

In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. For example, in August 2011, President Obama signed into law the Budget Control Act of 2011, which, among other things, created the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend proposals for spending reductions to Congress. The Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction did not achieve its targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, triggering the legislation's automatic reductions to several government programs. These reductions include aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year, which went into effect on April 1, 2013 and, following passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, will remain in effect through 2025 unless additional Congressional action is taken. Additionally, in January 2013, President Obama signed into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years.

Further, under the recently enacted Drug Supply Chain Security Act, certain drug manufacturers will be subject to product identification, tracing and verification requirements, among others, that are designed to improve the detection and removal of counterfeit, stolen, contaminated or otherwise potentially harmful drugs from the U.S. drug supply chain. These requirements will be phased in over several years and compliance with this new law will likely increase the costs of the manufacture and distribution of drug products, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. The full impact of these new laws, as well as laws and other reform measures that may be proposed and adopted in the future remains uncertain, but may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other health care funding, or higher production costs which could have a material adverse effect on our customers and, accordingly, our financial operations. Additionally, there has been increasing legislative and enforcement interest in the United States with respect to specialty drug pricing practices. Specifically, there have been several recent U.S. Congressional inquiries and proposed bills designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to drug pricing, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs, and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for drugs. Further, in January 2016, CMS issued a final rule regarding the Medicaid drug rebate program. The final rule, effective April 1, 2016, among other things, revises the manner in which the “average manufacturer price” is to be calculated by manufacturers participating in the program and implements certain amendments to the Medicaid rebate statute created under the ACA. The full impact of these new laws, as well as laws and other reform measures that may be proposed and adopted in the future remains uncertain, but may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other health care funding, or higher production costs which could have a material adverse effect on our customers and, accordingly, our financial operations.

Risks Related to Our Reliance on Third Parties

We rely on third parties to conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product candidates and our business could be substantially harmed.

We have relied upon and plan to continue to rely upon third party CROs to monitor and manage data for our preclinical and clinical programs. We rely on these parties for execution of our preclinical studies and clinical trials, and control only certain aspects of their activities. Nevertheless, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our trials is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards and our reliance on the CROs does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We and our CROs are required to comply with FDA laws and regulations regarding current good clinical practice, or GCP, which are also required by the Competent Authorities of the Member States of the European Economic Area and comparable foreign regulatory authorities in the form of International Conference on Harmonization, or ICH, guidelines for all of our products in clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce GCP through periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If we or any of our CROs fail to comply with applicable GCP, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. We cannot assure you that upon inspection by a given regulatory authority, such regulatory authority will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with GCP regulations. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with product produced under cGMP regulations. While we have agreements governing activities of our CROs, we have limited influence over their actual performance. In addition, portions of the clinical trials for our product candidates are expected to be conducted outside of the United States, which will make it more difficult for us to monitor CROs and perform visits of our clinical trial sites and will force us to rely heavily on CROs to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials and compliance with applicable regulations, including GCP. Failure to comply with applicable regulations in the conduct of the clinical trials for our product candidates may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process.

Some of our CROs have an ability to terminate their respective agreements with us if, among other reasons, it can be reasonably demonstrated that the safety of the subjects participating in our clinical trials warrants such termination, if we make a general assignment for the benefit of our creditors or if we are liquidated. If any of our relationships with these third party CROs terminate, we may not be able to enter into arrangements with alternative CROs or to do so on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, our CROs are not our employees, and except for remedies available to us under our agreements with such CROs, we cannot control whether or not they devote sufficient time and resources to our preclinical and clinical programs. If CROs do not successfully

carry out their contractual duties or obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or successfully commercialize our product candidates. Consequently, our results of operations and the commercial prospects for our product candidates would be harmed, our costs could increase substantially and our ability to generate revenue could be delayed significantly.

Switching or adding additional CROs involves additional cost and requires management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new CRO commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines. Though we carefully manage our relationships with our CROs, there can be no assurance that we will not encounter challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects.

If any of our current strategic collaborators fail to perform their obligations or terminate their agreements with us, the development and commercialization of the product candidates under such agreements could be delayed or terminated and our business could be substantially harmed.

On February 13, 2015, we entered into the Cephalon agreement, with Cephalon for U.S. and Canadian rights to EP-3102 Bendeka for treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL. Pursuant to the terms of the Cephalon agreement, Cephalon is responsible for all U.S. commercial activities for the product including promotion and distribution, and we are responsible for obtaining and maintaining all regulatory approvals and conducting post-approval clinical studies.

This strategic collaboration may not be scientifically or commercially successful due to a number of important factors, including the following:


•	If our development efforts for our product do not result in a successful commercial product, or we fail to obtain or maintain any regulatory approvals, we may not receive all anticipated milestone and royalty payments.

•

Cephalon has significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources that it will apply to their strategic collaboration with us. The timing and amount of any cash payments, milestones and royalties that we may receive under such agreements will depend on, among other things, the efforts, allocation of resources and the commercialization of our product by Cephalon under the Cephalon agreement;


•	Cephalon currently markets a competitive bendamustine product, Treanda^®, in the United States. In addition, it is possible that Cephalon may develop and commercialize, either alone or with others, or be acquired by a company that has, products that are similar to or competitive with the product candidates that they license from us;


•	Cephalon may change the focus of their commercialization efforts or pursue higher-priority programs;


•	Cephalon may terminate its strategic collaboration with us on short notice, which could make it difficult for us to attract new strategic collaborators or adversely affect how we are perceived in the scientific and financial communities;


•	Cephalon has the right to maintain or defend our intellectual property rights licensed to them in their territories, and, although we may have the right to assume the maintenance and defense of our intellectual property rights if they do not, our ability to do so may be compromised by our strategic collaborators’ acts or omissions; and


•	Cephalon may not comply with all applicable regulatory requirements, or fail to report safety data in accordance with all applicable regulatory requirements.


•	If Cephalon fails to effectively commercialize our product, we may not be able to replace them with another collaborator.


•	If our agreement with Cephalon terminates, we are required to pay them a portion of our future profits on the product.

Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and our ability to achieve future profitability, and could cause our stock price to decline.

We rely on third parties to manufacture commercial supplies of our products and clinical supplies of our product candidates, and we intend to rely on third parties to manufacture commercial supplies of any other approved products. The commercialization of any of our products could be stopped, delayed or made less profitable if those third parties fail to provide us with sufficient quantities of product or fail to do so at acceptable quality levels or prices or fail to maintain or achieve satisfactory regulatory compliance.

We do not own any manufacturing facilities, and we do not currently, and do not expect in the future, to independently conduct any aspects of our product manufacturing and testing, or other activities related to the clinical development and commercialization of our product candidates. We currently rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third parties with respect to these items, and control only certain aspects of their activities.

Any of these third parties may terminate their engagements with us at any time. If we need to enter into alternative arrangements, it could delay our product candidate development and commercialization activities. Our reliance on these third parties reduces our

control over these activities but does not relieve us of our responsibility to ensure compliance with all required legal, regulatory and scientific standards and any applicable trial protocols. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our studies in accordance with regulatory requirements or our stated study plans and protocols, we will not be able to complete, or may be delayed in completing, clinical trials required to support future regulatory submissions and approval of our product candidates.

Our products and product candidates are highly reliant on very complex sterile techniques and personnel aseptic techniques. The facilities used by our third-party manufacturers to manufacture our products and product candidates must be approved by the applicable regulatory authorities pursuant to inspections that will be conducted after we submit our NDA to the FDA. If any of our third-party manufacturers cannot successfully manufacture material that conforms to our specifications and the applicable regulatory authorities' strict regulatory requirements, or pass regulatory inspection, they will not be able to secure or maintain regulatory approval for the manufacturing facilities. In addition, we have no control over the ability of third-party manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. Quality problems in manufacturing are linked to a majority of shortages of sterile injectable drugs. Some of the largest manufacturers of sterile injectable drugs have had serious quality problems leading to the temporary voluntary closure or renovations of major production facilities. Further, as we scale up manufacturing of our product candidates and conduct required stability testing, product packaging, equipment and process-related issues may require refinement or resolution in order for us to proceed with our planned clinical trials and obtain regulatory approval for commercialization of our product candidates. In the future, for example, we may identify impurities in the product manufactured for us for commercial supply, which could result in increased scrutiny by the regulatory agencies, delays in our clinical program and regulatory approval, increases in our operating expenses, or failure to obtain or maintain approval for our product candidates. If the FDA or any other applicable regulatory authority does not approve these facilities to manufacture our products or if they withdraw any such approval in the future, or if our suppliers or third-party manufacturers decide they no longer want to manufacture our products, we may need to find alternative manufacturing facilities, which would significantly impact our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market our products or product candidates.

More generally, manufacturers of pharmaceutical products often encounter difficulties in production, particularly in scaling up and validating initial production. These problems include difficulties with production costs and yields, quality control, including stability of the product, quality assurance testing, shortages of qualified personnel, as well as compliance with strictly enforced federal, state and foreign regulations. Additionally, our manufacturers may experience manufacturing difficulties due to resource constraints or as a result of labor disputes or unstable political environments. If our manufacturers were to encounter any of these difficulties, or otherwise fail to comply with their contractual obligations, our ability to make product candidates available for clinical trials and development purposes or to further commercialize our products or product candidates in the United States would be jeopardized. Any delay or interruption in our ability to meet commercial demand may result in the loss of potential revenues and could adversely affect our ability to gain market acceptance for approved products. In addition, any delay or interruption in the supply of clinical trial supplies could delay the completion of clinical trials, increase the costs associated with maintaining clinical trial programs and, depending upon the period of delay, require us to commence new clinical trials at additional expense or terminate clinical trials completely. Additionally, if supply from one approved manufacturer is interrupted, there could be a significant disruption in commercial supply. Regulatory agencies may also require additional studies if a new manufacturer is relied upon for commercial production. Switching manufacturers may involve substantial costs and is likely to result in a delay in our desired clinical and commercial timelines.

The occurrence of any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

The design, development, manufacture, supply, and distribution of our products and product candidates is highly regulated and technically complex.

All entities involved in the preparation of therapeutics for clinical trials or commercial sale, including our existing contract manufacturers for our products and product candidates, are subject to extensive regulation. Components of a finished therapeutic product approved for commercial sale or used in late-stage clinical trials must be manufactured in accordance with cGMP and equivalent foreign standards. These regulations govern manufacturing processes and procedures (including record keeping) and the implementation and operation of quality systems to control and assure the quality of investigational products and products approved for sale. Poor control of production processes can lead to the introduction of adventitious agents or other contaminants, or to inadvertent changes in the properties or stability of our products or product candidates that may not be detectable in final product testing. The development, manufacture, supply, and distribution of our products, as well as our other product candidates, is highly regulated and technically complex. We, along with our third-party providers, must comply with all applicable regulatory requirements of the FDA and foreign authorities.

We, or our contract manufacturers, must supply all necessary documentation in support of our regulatory filings for our products and product candidates on a timely basis and must adhere to the FDA's good laboratory practices, or GLP, and cGMP regulations enforced by the FDA through its facilities inspection program, and the equivalent standards of the regulatory authorities in other

countries. Any failure by our third-party manufacturers to comply with cGMP or failure to scale-up manufacturing processes, including any failure to deliver sufficient quantities of product candidates in a timely manner, could lead to a delay in, or failure to obtain, regulatory approval of any of our product candidates. Our facilities and quality systems and the facilities and quality systems of some or all of our third-party contractors must also pass a pre-approval inspection for compliance with the applicable regulations as a condition of regulatory approval of our product candidates or any of our other potential products. In addition, the regulatory authorities in any country may, at any time, audit or inspect a manufacturing facility involved with the preparation of our product candidates or our other potential products or the associated quality systems for compliance with the regulations applicable to the activities being conducted. If these facilities and quality systems do not pass a pre-approval plant inspection, FDA approval of our product candidates, or the equivalent approvals in other jurisdictions, will not be granted.

Regulatory authorities also may, at any time following approval of a product for sale, audit our manufacturing facilities or those of our third-party contractors. If any such inspection or audit identifies a failure to comply with applicable regulations or if a violation of our product specifications or applicable regulations occurs independent of such an inspection or audit, we or the relevant regulatory authority may require remedial measures that may be costly and/or time-consuming for us or a third party to implement and that may include the temporary or permanent suspension of a clinical trial or commercial sales or the temporary or permanent closure of a facility. Any such remedial measures imposed upon us or third parties with whom we contract could materially harm our business. If we or any of our third-party manufacturers fail to maintain regulatory compliance, the FDA can impose regulatory sanctions including, among other things, refusal to approve a pending application for a new drug product or biological product or revocation of a pre-existing approval. As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially harmed.

We rely on limited sources of supply for our products and product candidates, and any disruption in the chain of supply may impact production and sales of our products and cause delay in developing and commercializing our product candidates.

We currently have relationships with only one third party for the manufacture of each of our most advanced products and product candidates. Because of the unique equipment and process for manufacturing our products transferring manufacturing activities to an alternate supplier would be a time-consuming and costly endeavor, and there are only a limited number of manufacturers that we believe are capable of performing this function for us. Switching finished drug suppliers may involve substantial cost and could result in a delay in our desired clinical and commercial timelines. If any of these single-source manufacturers breaches or terminates their agreements with us, we would need to identify an alternative source for the manufacture and supply of product candidates to us for the purposes of our development and commercialization of the applicable products. Identifying an appropriately qualified source of alternative supply for any one or more of these product candidates could be time consuming, and we may not be able to do so without incurring material delays in the development and commercialization of our product candidates, which could harm our financial position and commercial potential for our products. Any alternative vendor would also need to be qualified through an NDA supplement which could result in further delay. The FDA or other regulatory agencies outside of the United States may also require additional studies if we appoint a new manufacturer for supply of our product candidates that differs from the manufacturer used for clinical development of such product candidates. For our other product candidates, we expect that only one supplier will initially be qualified as a vendor with the FDA. If supply from the approved vendor is interrupted, there could be a significant disruption in commercial supply.

These factors could cause the delay of clinical trials, regulatory submissions, required approvals or commercialization of our product candidates, cause us to incur higher costs and prevent us from commercializing them successfully. Furthermore, if our suppliers fail to deliver the required commercial quantities of components and active pharmaceutical ingredient on a timely basis and at commercially reasonable prices, and we are unable to secure one or more replacement suppliers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost, our clinical trials may be delayed or we could lose potential revenue.

We may not be successful in establishing development and commercialization collaborations which could adversely affect, and potentially prohibit, our ability to develop our product candidates.

Because developing pharmaceutical products, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approval, establishing manufacturing capabilities and marketing approved products are expensive, we are exploring collaborations with third parties outside of the United States that have more resources and experience. We may, however, be unable to advance the development of our products and product candidates in territories outside of the United States, which may limit the market potential for this product candidate.

In situations where we enter into a development and commercial collaboration arrangement for a product candidate, we may also seek to establish additional collaborations for development and commercialization in territories outside of those addressed by the first collaboration arrangement for such product candidate. There are a limited number of potential partners, and we expect to face competition in seeking appropriate partners. We have entered into collaboration and promotion agreements with third parties, such as the Spectrum Agreement and the agreement with AMRI, but there is no assurance these arrangements will be successful. If we are unable to enter into any future development and commercial collaborations and/or sales and marketing arrangements on acceptable terms, if at all, we may be unable to successfully develop and seek regulatory approval for our product candidates and/

or effectively market and sell future approved products, if any, in all of the territories outside of the United States where it may otherwise be valuable to do so.

We may not be successful in maintaining development and commercialization collaborations, and any partner may not devote sufficient resources to the development or commercialization of our product candidates or may otherwise fail in development or commercialization efforts, which could adversely affect our ability to develop certain of our product candidates and our financial condition and operating results.

On February 13, 2015, we entered into the Cephalon Agreement, with Cephalon for U.S. and Canadian rights to EP-3102 Bendeka for treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL and on November 4, 2015, we entered into the Spectrum Agreement under which the Spectrum 32-person Corporate Accounts Sales Team will dedicate 80% of its time to selling and marketing up to six of our products over a period of at least 18 months. If we are able to establish additional collaboration arrangements, any such collaborations, in addition to the collaborations with Cephalon and Spectrum, may not ultimately be successful, which could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. If we partner with a third party for development and commercialization of a product or product candidate, including Cephalon and Spectrum, we can expect to relinquish some or all of the control over the future success of that product or product candidate to the third party. It is possible that a partner may not devote sufficient resources to the development or commercialization of our product candidate or may otherwise fail in development or commercialization efforts, in which event the development and commercialization of such product candidate could be delayed or terminated and our business could be substantially harmed. In addition, the terms of any collaboration or other arrangement that we establish may not prove to be favorable to us or may not be perceived as favorable, which may negatively impact the trading price of our common stock. In some cases, we may be responsible for continuing development of a product candidate or research program under a collaboration, and the payment we receive from our partner may be insufficient to cover the cost of this development. Moreover, collaborations and sales and marketing arrangements are complex and time consuming to negotiate, document and implement, and they may require substantial resources to maintain.

We may be subject to a number of additional risks associated collaborations with third parties, the occurrence of which could cause collaboration arrangements to fail. Conflicts may arise between us and our partners, such as conflicts concerning the interpretation of clinical data, the achievement of milestones, the interpretation of financial provisions or the ownership of intellectual property developed during the collaboration. If any such conflicts arise, a partner could act in its own self-interest, which may be adverse to our interests. Any such disagreement between us and a partner could result in one or more of the following, each of which could delay or prevent the development or commercialization of our product candidates and harm our business:


•	reductions in the payment of royalties or other payments we believe are due pursuant to the applicable collaboration arrangement;


•	actions taken by a partner inside or outside our collaboration which could negatively impact our rights or benefits under our collaboration; and


•	unwillingness on the part of a partner to keep us informed regarding the progress of its development and commercialization activities or to permit public disclosure of the results of those activities.

If we are unable to maintain our group purchasing organization, or GPO, relationships, our revenues could decline and future profitability could be jeopardized.

Most of the end-users of injectable pharmaceutical products have relationships with GPOs whereby such GPOs provide such end-users access to a broad range of pharmaceutical products from multiple suppliers at competitive prices and, in certain cases, exercise considerable influence over the drug purchasing decisions of such end-users. Hospitals and other end-users contract with the GPO of their choice for their purchasing needs. We currently derive, and expect to continue to derive, a large percentage of our revenue from end-user customers that are members of a small number of GPOs. Maintaining strong relationships with these GPOs will require us to continue to be a reliable supplier, remain price competitive and comply with FDA regulations. The GPOs with whom we have relationships may have relationships with companies that sell competing products, and such GPOs may earn higher margins from these products or combinations of competing products or may prefer products other than ours for other reasons. If we are unable to maintain our GPO relationships, sales of our products and revenue could decline.

We rely on a limited number of pharmaceutical wholesalers to distribute our products.

As is typical in the pharmaceutical industry, we rely upon pharmaceutical wholesalers in connection with the distribution of our products. A significant amount of our products are sold to end-users under GPO pricing arrangements through a limited number of pharmaceutical wholesalers. If we are unable to maintain our business relationships with these pharmaceutical wholesalers on commercially acceptable terms, it could have a material adverse effect on our sales and may prevent us from achieving profitability.

Risks Related to Our Business Operations and Industry

Our future success depends on our ability to retain key executives and to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.

We are highly dependent on the principal members of our executive team, which includes Scott Tarriff, our Chief Executive Officer, David E. Riggs, our Chief Financial Officer, Adrian Hepner, M.D., PhD., our Chief Medical Officer and Steven Krill, Ph.D., our Chief Scientific Officer. The loss of these executives' services may adversely impact the achievement of our objectives. Any of our executive officers could leave our employment at any time, as all of our employees are "at will" employees. Recruiting and retaining other qualified employees for our business, including scientific and technical personnel, will also be critical to our success. There is currently a shortage of skilled executives in our industry, which is likely to continue. As a result, competition for skilled personnel is intense and the turnover rate can be high. We may not be able to attract and retain personnel on acceptable terms given the competition among numerous pharmaceutical companies for individuals with similar skill sets. In addition, failure to succeed in clinical studies may make it more challenging to recruit and retain qualified personnel. The inability to recruit key executives or the loss of the services of any executive or key employee might impede the progress of our development and commercialization objectives.

We will need to expand our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth, which could disrupt our operations.

As of December 31, 2015 we had a total of 41 full-time and two part-time employees in the United States and two full-time consultants in India. As our company matures, we expect to expand our employee base to increase our managerial, scientific and engineering, operational, sales, marketing, financial and other resources and to hire more consultants and contractors. Future growth would impose significant additional responsibilities on our management, including the need to identify, recruit, maintain, motivate and integrate additional employees, consultants and contractors. Also, our management may need to divert a disproportionate amount of its attention away from our day-to-day activities and devote a substantial amount of time to managing these growth activities. We may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our operations, which may result in weaknesses in our infrastructure, give rise to operational mistakes, loss of business opportunities, loss of employees and reduced productivity among remaining employees. Future growth could require significant capital expenditures and may divert financial resources from other projects, such as the development of our existing or future product candidates. If our management is unable to effectively manage our growth, our expenses may increase more than expected, our ability to generate and/or grow revenue could be reduced and we may not be able to implement our business strategy. Our future financial performance and our ability to sell our products and commercialize our product candidates, if approved, and compete effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to effectively manage any future growth.

We face potential product liability, and, if successful claims are brought against us, we may incur substantial liability.

The use of our product candidates in clinical trials (if any), and the sale of our products and any product candidates for which we obtain marketing approval, exposes us to the risk of product liability claims. Product liability claims might be brought against us by consumers, health care providers, pharmaceutical companies or others selling or otherwise coming into contact with our products, other approved future products and our product candidates. If we cannot successfully defend against product liability claims, we could incur substantial liability and costs. In addition, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in:


•	impairment of our business reputation;


•	withdrawal of clinical study participants;


•	costs due to related litigation;


•	distraction of management's attention from our primary business;


•	substantial monetary awards to patients or other claimants;


•	the inability to commercialize our product candidates; and


•	decreased demand for our products and our product candidates, if approved for commercial sale.

Our current product liability insurance coverage may not be sufficient to reimburse us for any expenses or losses we may suffer. Moreover, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive and in the future we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses due to liability. On occasion, large judgments have been awarded in class action lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated adverse effects. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against us could cause our stock price to decline and, if judgments exceed our insurance coverage, could adversely affect our results of operations and business.

We rely significantly on information technology and any failure, inadequacy, interruption or security lapse of that technology, including any cybersecurity incidents, could harm our ability to operate our business effectively.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of third parties with which we contract are vulnerable to damage from cyber-attacks, computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. System failures, accidents or security breaches could cause interruptions in our operations, and could result in a material disruption of our product development and clinical activities and business operations, in addition to possibly requiring substantial expenditures of resources to remedy. The loss of product development or clinical trial data could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of, or damage to, our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and our development programs and the development of our product candidates could be delayed.

Business interruptions could delay us in the process of developing our product candidates and could disrupt our sales of any products we may sell.

Our headquarters are located in Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey. If we encounter any disruptions to our operations at this building or if it were to shut down for any reason, including by fire, natural disaster, such as a hurricane, tornado or severe storm, power outage, systems failure, labor dispute or other unforeseen disruption, then we may be prevented from effectively operating our business. We do not carry insurance for natural disasters and we may not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate us for losses that may occur. Any losses or damages we incur could have a material adverse effect on our business operations.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

If we are unable to obtain or protect intellectual property rights related to any of our product candidates, we may not be able to compete effectively in our market.

We rely upon a combination of patents, trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect the intellectual property related to our products and our product candidates. The strength of patents in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical field involves complex legal and scientific questions and can be uncertain. The patent applications that we own or in-license may fail to result in issued patents with claims that cover the products in the United States or in foreign countries or territories. If this were to occur, early generic competition could be expected against our products and our product candidates in development. There may be relevant prior art relating to our patents and patent applications which could invalidate a patent or prevent a patent from issuing based on a pending patent application. In particular, because the active pharmaceutical ingredients in many of our product candidates have been on the market as separate products for many years, it is possible that these products have previously been used off-label in such a manner that such prior usage would affect the validity of our patents or our ability to obtain patents based on our patent applications.

Even if patents do successfully issue, third parties may challenge their validity, enforceability or scope, which may result in such patents being narrowed or invalidated. Any adverse outcome in these types of matters could result in one or more generic versions of our products being launched before the expiration of the listed patents, which could adversely affect our ability to successfully execute our business strategy to increase sales of our products and would negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations, including causing a significant decrease in our revenues and cash flows.

Furthermore, even if they are unchallenged, our patents and patent applications may not adequately protect our intellectual property or prevent others from designing around our claims. If the patent applications we hold with respect to our products or product candidates fail to issue or if their breadth or strength of protection is threatened, it could dissuade companies from collaborating with us to develop them and threaten our ability to commercialize our product candidates. We cannot offer any assurances about which, if any, patents will issue or whether any issued patents will be found not invalid and not unenforceable or will go unthreatened by third parties. Further, if we encounter delays in regulatory approvals, the period of time during which we could market our product candidates under patent protection could be reduced. If third parties have filed such patent applications, an interference proceeding in the United States can be provoked by a third party or instituted by us to determine who was the first to invent any of the subject matter covered by the patent claims of our applications.

In addition to the protection afforded by patents, we rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-how that is not patentable, processes for which patents are difficult to enforce and any other elements of our drug development and reformulation processes that involve proprietary know-how, information or technology that is not covered by patents. For example, we maintain trade secrets with respect to certain of the formulation and manufacturing techniques related to our products and our product candidates. Although we generally require all of our employees to assign their inventions to us, and all of our employees, consultants, advisors and any third parties who have access to our proprietary know-how, information or technology to enter into confidentiality agreements, we cannot provide any assurances that all such agreements have been duly

executed or that our trade secrets and other confidential proprietary information will not be disclosed or that competitors will not otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or independently develop substantially equivalent information and techniques. We also seek to preserve the integrity and confidentiality of our data and trade secrets by maintaining physical security of our premises and physical and electronic security of our information technology systems. While we have confidence in these individuals, organizations and systems, agreements or security measures may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. Additionally, if the steps taken to maintain our trade secrets are deemed inadequate, we may have insufficient recourse against third parties for misappropriating the trade secret. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information. For example, the FDA, as part of its Transparency Initiative, is currently considering whether to make additional information publicly available on a routine basis, including information that we may consider to be trade secrets or other proprietary information, and it is not clear at the present time how the FDA's disclosure policies may change in the future, if at all.

Our ability to obtain patents is highly uncertain because, to date, some legal principles remain unresolved, there has not been a consistent policy regarding the breadth or interpretation of claims allowed in patents in the United States and the specific content of patents and patent applications that are necessary to support and interpret patent claims is highly uncertain due to the complex nature of the relevant legal, scientific and factual issues. Changes in either patent laws or interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patent protection. For example, on September 16, 2011, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the Leahy-Smith Act, was signed into law. The Leahy-Smith Act includes a number of significant changes to United States patent law. These include provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. The United States Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, has developed new and untested regulations and procedures to govern the full implementation of the Leahy-Smith Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith Act, and in particular, the first to file provisions, only became effective in March 2013. The Leahy-Smith Act has also introduced procedures making it easier for third-parties to challenge issued patents, as well as to intervene in the prosecution of patent applications. Finally, the Leahy-Smith Act contains new statutory provisions that still require the USPTO to issue new regulations for their implementation and it may take the courts years to interpret the provisions of the new statute. Accordingly, it is too early to tell what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will have on the operation of our business and the protection and enforcement of our intellectual property. However, the Leahy-Smith Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our issued patents. An inability to obtain, enforce and defend patents covering our proprietary technologies would materially and adversely affect our business prospects and financial condition.

Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the United States. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property both in the United States and abroad. For example, if the issuance to us, in a given country, of a patent covering an invention is not followed by the issuance, in other countries, of patents covering the same invention, or if any judicial interpretation of the validity, enforceability, or scope of the claims in, or the written description or enablement in, a patent issued in one country is not similar to the interpretation given to the corresponding patent issued in another country, our ability to protect our intellectual property in those countries may be limited. Changes in either patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may materially diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patent protection. If we are unable to prevent material disclosure of the non-patented intellectual property related to our technologies to third parties, and there is no guarantee that we will have any such enforceable trade secret protection, we may not be able to establish or maintain a competitive advantage in our market, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our drug development strategy relies heavily upon the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway, which requires us to certify that we do not infringe upon third-party patents covering approved drugs. Such certifications typically result in third-party claims of intellectual property infringement, the defense of which will be costly and time consuming, and an unfavorable outcome in any litigation may prevent or delay our development and commercialization efforts which would harm our business.

Litigation or other proceedings to enforce or defend intellectual property rights are often complex in nature, may be very expensive and time-consuming, may divert our management's attention from other aspects of our business and may result in unfavorable outcomes that could adversely impact our ability to launch and market our product candidates, or to prevent third parties from competing with our products and product candidates.

There is a substantial amount of litigation, both within and outside the United States, involving patent and other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, including patent infringement lawsuits, interferences, oppositions and inter party reexamination proceedings before the USPTO. Numerous United States and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications, which are owned by third parties, exist in the fields in which we and our collaborators are developing product candidates. As the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries expand and more patents are issued, the risk increases that our product candidates may be subject to claims of infringement of the patent rights of third parties.

In particular, our commercial success depends in large part on our avoiding infringement of the patents and proprietary rights of third parties for existing approved drug products. Because we utilize the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for the approval of our products and product candidates, we rely in whole or in part on studies conducted by third parties related to those approved drug products. As a result, upon filing with the FDA for approval of our product candidates, we will be required to certify to the FDA that either: (1) there is no patent information listed in the FDA's Orange Book with respect to our NDA; (2) the patents listed in the Orange Book have expired; (3) the listed patents have not expired, but will expire on a particular date and approval is sought after patent expiration; or (4) the listed patents are invalid or will not be infringed by the manufacture, use or sale of our proposed drug product. When we submit a paragraph IV certification to the FDA, a notice of the paragraph IV certification must also be sent to the patent owner once our 505(b)(2) NDA is accepted for filing by the FDA. The third party may then initiate a lawsuit against us to defend the patents identified in the notice. The filing of a patent infringement lawsuit within 45 days of receipt of the notice automatically prevents the FDA from approving our NDA until the earliest of 30 months or the date on which the patent expires, the lawsuit is settled, or the court reaches a decision in the infringement lawsuit in our favor. If the third party does not file a patent infringement lawsuit within the required 45-day period, our NDA will not be subject to the 30-month stay.

In addition to paragraph IV litigation noted above, third-party owners of patents may generally assert that we are employing their proprietary technology without authorization. There may be third-party patents or patent applications with claims to materials, formulations, methods of manufacture or methods for treatment related to the use or manufacture of our products and/or our product candidates. Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending or subsequently filed patent applications which may later result in issued patents that may be infringed by our products or product candidates. If any third-party patents were held by a court of competent jurisdiction to cover aspects of our product candidates, including the formulation, method of use, any method or process involved in the manufacture of any of our product candidates, any molecules or intermediates formed during such manufacturing process or any other attribute of the final product itself, the holders of any such patents may be able to block our ability to commercialize our product candidates unless we obtain a license under the applicable patents, or until such patents expire. In either case, such a license may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Parties making claims against us may request and/or obtain injunctive or other equitable relief, which could effectively block our ability to further develop and commercialize one or more of our product candidates on a temporary or permanent basis. Defense of these claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of employee resources from our business. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may have to pay substantial damages, including treble damages and attorneys' fees for willful infringement, obtain one or more licenses from third parties, pay royalties or redesign our infringing products or manufacturing processes, which may be impossible or require substantial time and monetary expenditure. We cannot predict whether any such license would be available at all or whether it would be available on commercially reasonable terms. Furthermore, even in the absence of litigation, we may need to obtain licenses from third parties to advance our research, manufacture clinical trial supplies or allow commercialization of our product candidates. We may fail to obtain any of these licenses at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, if at all. In that event, we would be unable to further develop and commercialize one or more of our product candidates, which could harm our business significantly. We cannot provide any assurances that third party patents do not exist which might be enforced against our products, resulting in either an injunction prohibiting our sales, or, with respect to our sales, an obligation on our part to pay royalties and/or other forms of compensation to third parties.

If we fail to comply with our obligations in the agreements under which we license rights to technology from third parties, or if the license agreements are terminated for other reasons, we could lose license rights that are important to our business.

We are a party to a number of technology licenses that are important to our business and expect to enter into additional licenses in the future. Our existing license agreements impose, and we expect that future license agreements will impose, on us, various development, regulatory and/or commercial diligence obligations, payment of milestones and/or royalties and other obligations. Additionally, one of our existing license agreements is a sublicense from a third party who is not the original licensor of the intellectual property at issue. Under these agreements, we must rely on our licensor to comply with their obligations under the primary license agreements under which such third party obtained rights in the applicable intellectual property, where we may have no relationship with the original licensor of such rights. If our licensors fail to comply with their obligations under these upstream license agreements, the original third-party licensor may have the right to terminate the original license, which may terminate our sublicense. If this were to occur, we would no longer have rights to the applicable intellectual property unless we are able to secure our own direct license with the owner of the relevant rights, which we may not be able to do at a reasonable cost or on reasonable terms, which may impact our ability to continue to develop and commercialize our product candidates and companion diagnostic incorporating the relevant intellectual property. If we fail to comply with our obligations under our license agreements, or we are subject to a bankruptcy or insolvency, the licensor may have the right to terminate the license. In the event that any of our important technology licenses were to be terminated by the licensor, we would likely cease further development of the related program or be required to spend significant time and resources to modify the program to not use the rights under the terminated license.

We may be involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive, time consuming and unsuccessful.

Competitors may infringe our patents or the patents of our licensors. To counter infringement or unauthorized use, we may be required to file infringement claims, which can be expensive and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours or our licensors is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patents do not cover the technology in question. An adverse result in any litigation or defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put our patent applications at risk of not being issued.

Interference proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by us may be necessary to determine the priority of inventions with respect to our patents or patent applications or those of our collaborators or licensors. An unfavorable outcome could require us to cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights to it from the prevailing party. Our business could be harmed if the prevailing party does not offer us a license on commercially reasonable terms. Our defense of litigation or interference proceedings may fail and, even if successful, may result in substantial costs and distract our management and other employees. We may not be able to prevent, alone or with our licensors, misappropriation of our intellectual property rights, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect those rights as fully as in the United States.

Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. There could also be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock.

The patents and the patent applications that we have covering our products are limited to specific formulations, methods of use and processes, and our market opportunity for our products and our product candidates may be limited by the lack of patent protection for the active ingredients and by competition from other formulations and delivery methods that may be developed by competitors.

Patent protection on the active ingredients in our currently marketed products (Ryanodex, EP-3102 Bendeka, EP-1101 and Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection) has expired, and there is therefore no composition of matter patent protection available for the active ingredient in argatroban. This is also the case with respect to our other product candidates. We have obtained, and continue to seek to obtain patent protection of other aspects of our products and our product candidates, including specific formulations, methods of use and processes, which may not be as effective as composition of matter coverage in preventing work-arounds by competitors. As a result, generic products that do not infringe the claims of our issued patents covering formulations, methods of use and processes are, or may be, available while we are marketing our products. Competitors who obtain the requisite regulatory approval will be able to commercialize products with the same active ingredients as Ryanodex, EP-3102 Bendeka, EP-1101 and Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection and our other product candidates so long as the competitors do not infringe any process, use or formulation patents that we have developed for our products, subject to any regulatory exclusivity we may be able to obtain for our products.

The number of patents and patent applications covering products containing the same active ingredient as our products and our product candidates indicates that competitors have sought to develop and may seek to commercialize competing formulations that may not be covered by our patents and patent applications. The commercial opportunity for our products and our product candidates could be significantly harmed if competitors are able to develop and commercialize alternative formulations of our products and our product candidates that are different from ours and do not infringe our issued patents covering our products.

Ryanodex^® (dantrolene sodium), EP-1101 (argatroban), EP-3102 (rapidly infused bendamustine RTD) and docetaxel injection, non-alcohol formulation have been approved by the FDA, and we anticipate that other product candidates will be approved by the FDA in the future. Once our products are on the market, one or more third parties may also challenge the patents that we control covering our products, which could result in the invalidation or unenforceability of some or all of the relevant patent claims of our issued patents covering our products. Obtaining and maintaining our patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.

Ryanodex, EP-1101, EP-3102 Bendeka and Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection have been approved by the FDA, and we anticipate that other product candidates will be approved by the FDA in the future. One or more third parties may also challenge the patents that we control covering our products in court or the US PTO, which could result in the invalidation or unenforceability of some or all of the relevant patent claims of our issued patents covering our products.

If we or one of our licensing partners initiated legal proceedings against a third party to enforce a patent covering one of our products or product candidates, the defendant could counterclaim that the patent covering our product or product candidate is invalid and/or unenforceable. In patent litigation in the United States, defendant counterclaims alleging invalidity and/or

unenforceability are common, and there are numerous grounds upon which a third party can assert invalidity or unenforceability of a patent. Third parties may also raise similar claims before administrative bodies in the United States or abroad, even outside the context of litigation. Such mechanisms include re-examination, post grant review, and equivalent proceedings in foreign jurisdictions (e.g., opposition proceedings). Such proceedings could result in revocation or amendment to our patents in such a way that they no longer cover our products or product candidates. The outcome following legal assertions of invalidity and unenforceability is unpredictable. With respect to the validity question, for example, we cannot be certain that there is no invalidating prior art, of which we, our patent counsel and the patent examiner were unaware during prosecution. If a defendant were to prevail on a legal assertion of invalidity and/or unenforceability, we would lose at least part, and perhaps all, of the patent protection on our products or product candidates. Such a loss of patent protection could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Periodic maintenance fees on any issued patent are due to be paid to the USPTO and foreign patent agencies in several stages over the lifetime of the patent. The USPTO and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. While an inadvertent lapse can in many cases be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which non-compliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Non-compliance events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include, but are not limited to, failure to respond to official actions within prescribed time limits, non-payment of fees and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents. If we or our licensors that control the prosecution and maintenance of our licensed patents fail to maintain the patents and patent applications covering our products and product candidates, our competitors might be able to enter the market, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of third parties.

We employ individuals who were previously employed at other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies. We may be subject to claims that we or our employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed confidential information of our employees' former employers or other third parties. We may also be subject to claims that former employers or other third parties have an ownership interest in our patents. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. There is no guarantee of success in defending these claims, and if we are successful, litigation could result in substantial cost and be a distraction to our management and other employees.

We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship or ownership of our patents and other intellectual property.

We may also be subject to claims that former employees, collaborators or other third parties have an ownership interest in our patents or other intellectual property. We may be subject to ownership disputes in the future arising, for example, from conflicting obligations of consultants or others who are involved in developing our products or product candidates and companion diagnostic. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship or ownership. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, valuable intellectual property. Such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees.

Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats to our competitive advantage.

The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations, and may not adequately protect our business or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. The following examples are illustrative:


•	others may be able to make compounds that are similar to our products or product candidates but that are not covered by the claims of the patents that we own or have exclusively licensed;


•	we or our licensors or future collaborators might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by the issued patent or pending patent application that we own or have exclusively licensed;


•	we or our licensors or future collaborators might not have been the first to file patent applications covering certain of our inventions;


•	others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies without infringing our intellectual property rights;


•	it is possible that our pending patent applications will not lead to issued patents;


•	issued patents that we own or have exclusively licensed may be held invalid or unenforceable as a result of legal challenges by our competitors;


•	our competitors might conduct research and development activities in countries where we do not have patent rights and then use the information learned from such activities to develop competitive products for sale in our major commercial markets;


•	we may not develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; and


•	the patents of others may have an adverse effect on our business.

Should any of these events occur, they could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

We expect that our stock price may fluctuate significantly.

Our initial public offering was completed in February 2014 at a public offering price of $15.00 per share. The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly in the past and is likely to be volatile. Our stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, including the following:


•	any delay in filing an NDA for any of our product candidates and any adverse development or perceived adverse development with respect to the FDA's review of that NDA;


•	failure to successfully execute our commercialization strategy with respect to our approved products or any other approved product in the future;


•	adverse results or delays in clinical trials, if any;


•	significant lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation;


•	inability to obtain additional funding;


•	failure to successfully develop and commercialize our product candidates;


•	changes in laws or regulations applicable to our product candidates;


•	inability to obtain adequate product supply for our product candidates, or the inability to do so at acceptable prices;


•	unanticipated serious safety concerns related to the use of our products or any of our product candidates;


•	adverse regulatory decisions;


•	introduction of new products or technologies by our competitors;


•	failure to meet or exceed product development or financial projections we provide to the public;


•	failure to meet or exceed the estimates and projections of the investment community;


•	the perception of the pharmaceutical industry by the public, legislatures, regulators and the investment community;


•	announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;


•	disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our technologies;


•	additions or departures of key scientific or management personnel;


•	changes in the market valuations of similar companies;


•	sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders in the future; and


•	trading volume of our common stock.

The stock market in general, and The NASDAQ Stock Market, or NASDAQ, in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of listed companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.

In addition, the market price of our shares of common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to many risk factors listed in this section, and others beyond our control, including:


•	actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition and operating results;


•	actual or anticipated changes on our growth rate relative to our competitors;


•	competition from existing products or new products that may emerge;


•	announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, collaborations, or capital commitments;


•	failure to meet or exceed financial estimates and projections of the investment community or that we provide to the public;


•	issuance of new or updated research or reports by securities analysts;


•	fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us;


•	share price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels of our shares;


•	additions or departures of key management or scientific personnel;


•	disputes or other developments related to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters, and our ability to obtain patent protection for our technologies;


•	announcement or expectation of additional debt or equity financing efforts;


•	sales of our common stock by us, our insiders or our other stockholders; and


•	general economic and market conditions.

These and other market and industry factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, regardless of our actual operating performance, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, the stock market in general, and NASDAQ and biopharmaceutical companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. In the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management.

Our principal stockholders and management own a significant percentage of our stock and will be able to exert significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval.

As of December 31, 2015, our executive officers, directors, 5% or greater stockholders and their affiliates beneficially own approximately 74.7% of our voting stock. These stockholders will have the ability to influence us through this ownership position. These stockholders may be able to determine all matters requiring stockholder approval. For example, these stockholders, acting together, may be able to control elections of directors, amendments of our organizational documents or approval of any merger, sale of assets or other major corporate transaction. This may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our common stock that you may believe are in your best interest as one of our stockholders.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, stockholders could lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common stock.

Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, any testing by us conducted in connection with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses or that may require prospective or retroactive changes to our condensed financial statements or identify other areas for further attention or improvement. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

We will incur significant increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

As a public company, we are incurring significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.

For example, as a public company, we are now subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which require, among other things, that we file with the SEC, annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. We have incurred and will continue to incur costs associated with the preparation in filing of these reports. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, and NASDAQ have imposed various other requirements on public companies and we have incurred and will continue to incur costs associated with compliance with such requirements. In

July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, was enacted. There are significant corporate governance and executive compensation related provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act that required the SEC to adopt additional rules and regulations in these areas such as "say on pay" and proxy access. Stockholder activism, the current political environment and the current high level of government intervention and regulatory reform may lead to substantial new regulations and disclosure obligations, which may lead to additional compliance costs and impact (in ways we cannot currently anticipate) the manner in which we operate our business. Our management and other personnel need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to incur substantial costs to maintain our current levels of such coverage.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market by our existing stockholders could cause our stock price to fall.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock by our existing stockholders in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that such sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock.

As of February 10, 2016 we had 15,636,387 shares of common stock outstanding, all of which, other than shares held by our directors and certain officers, are eligible for sale in the public market, subject in some cases to compliance with the requirements of Rule 144, including volume limitations and manner of sale requirements.

In addition, shares issued upon exercise of vested options are eligible for sale. Sales of stock by these stockholders could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.

Certain holders of our securities are entitled to rights with respect to the registration of their shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in the shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. Any sales of securities by these stockholders could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.

Future issuances of our common stock or rights to purchase our common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plans, could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our stock price to fall.

We expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in more than one transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. These sales may also result in material dilution to our existing stockholders, and new investors could gain rights superior to our existing stockholders.

Pursuant to our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2014 plan, our management is authorized to grant stock options and other equity-based awards to our employees, directors and consultants. The number of shares available for future grant under the 2014 plan will automatically increase each year by 4% of all shares of our capital stock outstanding as of December 31 of the prior calendar year, subject to the ability of our board of directors to take action to reduce the size of the increase in any given year. Currently, we plan to register the increased number of shares available for issuance under the 2014 plan each year. If our board of directors elects to increase the number of shares available for future grant by the maximum amount each year, our stockholders may experience additional dilution, which could cause our stock price to fall.

We are at risk of securities class action litigation.

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. This risk is especially relevant for us because pharmaceutical companies have experienced significant stock price volatility in recent years. If we face such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management's attention and resources, which could harm our business.

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from our recently completed initial public offering and follow-on offering and may not use them effectively.

Our management has broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from our recently completed initial public offering and follow-on offering. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of the net proceeds from our

initial public offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from our initial public offering in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our stockholders.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, if a corporation undergoes an "ownership change," generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in its equity ownership over a three year period, the corporation's ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income may be limited. We believe that, with our initial public offering, our most recent private placement and other transactions that have occurred over the past three years, we may have triggered an "ownership change" limitation. In addition, we may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent shifts in our stock ownership. As a result, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards to offset U.S. federal taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us.

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock so any returns will be limited to the value of our stock.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return to stockholders will therefore be limited to the appreciation of their stock.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us or increase the cost of acquiring us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders or remove our current management.

Some provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage an acquisition of us by others, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management. These provisions include:


•	authorizing the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval;


•	limiting the removal of directors by the stockholders;


•	creating a classified board of directors;


•	prohibiting stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;


•	eliminating the ability of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders; and


•	establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings.

These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless such transactions are approved by our board of directors. This provision could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control, whether or not it is desired by or beneficial to our stockholders. Further, other provisions of Delaware law may also discourage, delay or prevent someone from acquiring us or merging with us.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

As of December 31, 2015 we conducted all of our non-outsourced operations at our 20,497 square foot leased office space located at 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677. The term of the lease is for 60 months, expiring on June 30, 2020. Prior to May 31, 2013 we were located at 470 Chestnut Ridge Road, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 since September 2007.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Cephalon (U.S. Patent No. 8,791,270)

On July 29, 2014, Patent No. 8,791,270 was issued to Cephalon, and was subsequently listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for the referenced listed drug Treanda^®. On August 12, 2014, Cephalon filed a lawsuit against us in the United Stated District Court for the District of Delaware alleging infringement by our NDA filing of U.S. Patent No. 8,791,270. On September 3, 2014, we filed an Answer and Counterclaims seeking a Declaration of Non-infringement and/or Invalidity. On September 15, 2014, Cephalon filed an Answer to our counterclaims. On October 31, 2014, our lawsuit was consolidated with twenty-five other lawsuits Cephalon had filed against sixteen defendants who seek to manufacture generic Treanda^®.

On February 13, 2015, the Company entered into the Cephalon License with Cephalon for U.S. and Canadian rights to the EP-3102 Bendeka for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

In connection with the entry into the Cephalon License, on February 13, 2015, the Company and Cephalon entered into the Cephalon Settlement Agreement pursuant to which the parties agreed to settle the pending patent infringement claims against each other regarding Cephalon's US Patent No. 8,791,270, and Cephalon filed a consent judgment between Cephalon and Eagle acknowledging the validity and enforceability of the ‘270 patent. As part of the Cephalon Settlement Agreement, Cephalon has agreed to waive its orphan drug exclusivities for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with EP-3102.

The Medicines Company

In February 2016, The Medicines Company (“MDCO”) filed a complaint against us, SciDose LLC and TherDose Pharma Pvt. Ltd. (collectively the “Defendants”) relating to the Defendants’ work on a novel ready-to-use bivalirudin injection product (the “Bivalirudin Product”). The suit cites the May 7, 2008 License and Development Agreement (the “LDA”) between the Defendants and MDCO. In the lawsuit, MDCO alleges that we violated the terms of the LDA by, inter alia, developing the Bivalirudin Product, and that our Bivalirudin Product infringes two patents that are jointly-owned by us and MDCO and violates an exclusive license that MDCO claims exists under the LDA. We dispute the allegations and believe we have meritorious defenses to all of MDCO’s allegations.

Other

From time to time we are party to legal proceedings in the course of our business in addition to those described above. We do not, however, expect such other legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information and Holders of Record

Our common stock has been listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “EGRX” since February 12, 2014. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market:



	High		Low
Year Ended December 31, 2015
12/31/15	$	102.48	$	55.55
9/30/15	$	104.17	$	58.15
6/30/15	$	92.12	$	46.47
3/31/15	$	48.87	$	14.89
12/31/14	$	16.00	$	10.81
Year Ended September 30, 2014
9/30/14	$	14.75	$	10.06
6/30/14	$	14.50	$	9.16
3/31/14 (from February 12, 2014)	$	16.44	$	11.41

As of February 10, 2016, we had 4 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of shareholders is greater than this number of record holders and includes shareholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include shareholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities. The closing price of our common stock on February 9, 2016 was $52.36.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid a cash dividend on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determinations to pay cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions, and any other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

Stock Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

The following graph shows a comparison from February 12, 2014 (the date our common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq Global Market) through December 31, 2015 of the cumulative total return for our common stock, and the NASDAQ Composite Index and The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested at the market close on February 12, 2014 in the common stock of Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc, the NASDAQ Composite Index and The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index and assumes reinvestments of dividends. The stock price performance of the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.



Company / Index	02/12/14		03/31/14		06/30/14		09/30/14		12/31/14		03/31/15		06/30/15		09/30/15		12/31/15
Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc	$	100	$	99	$	112	$	99	$	138	$	327	$	630	$	577	$	691
NASDAQ Composite	$	100	$	100	$	105	$	107	$	113	$	117	$	119	$	110	$	119
NASDAQ Biotechnology	$	100	$	92	$	99	$	106	$	119	$	134	$	144	$	118	$	132

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities and Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

(a) Sales of Unregistered Securities

None

(b) Use of Proceeds

On February 18, 2014, we closed our initial public offering whereby we sold 3,350,000 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $15.00 per share, before underwriting discounts and expenses. On March 18, 2014, the underwriters Piper Jaffray & Co. and William Blair & Company, L.L.C., acting as representatives of each of the underwriters, exercised an over-allotment option granted in connection with the offering of 100,000 shares of common stock at the initial public offering price, less the underwriter discount. The aggregate net proceeds received by us from the offering were approximately $46.1 million.

On March 20, 2015, we completed an underwritten public offering (the "Follow-on Offering") of 1,518,317 shares of common stock, including the exercise by the underwriters Piper Jaffray & Co. and William Blair & Company, L.L.C., acting as representatives of each of the underwriters, of a 30-day option to purchase an additional 198,041 shares of common stock. Of the shares sold, 1,388,517 shares were issued and offered by the Company and 129,800 shares were offered by certain selling stockholders. All of the shares were offered at a price to the public of $42.00 per share. The net proceeds from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us, were approximately $54.3 million. We did not receive any proceeds from the shares sold by the selling stockholders. The securities described above were offered by us pursuant to a shelf registration statement declared effective by the SEC on March 13, 2015.

We invested the net proceeds received from the above offerings in cash equivalents and other short-term investments in accordance with our investment policy. There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b).

None.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth our selected financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. You should read the following selected financial data in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of this Annual Report.

The statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2015, September 30, 2014, 2013, 2012, and 2011, and the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and September 30, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are derived from our financial statements. All previously reported share and per share amounts of our common stock, including shares of common stock underlying stock options and warrants, throughout this Annual Report have been retroactively adjusted to reflect our 1-for-6.41 reverse stock split of our shares of common stock effective on February 18, 2014. Our audited financial statements have been prepared in U.S. dollars in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Our historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period, and our results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full fiscal year.



	Year Ended December 31,		Three Months Ended December 31,			Three Months Ended December 31,			Year Ended September 30,
Statement of Operations Data:	2015		2014			2013			2014			2013			2012			2011
	(in thousands except share and per share amounts)
Total revenues	$	66,227	$	5,600		$	5,492		$	19,099		$	13,679		$	2,539		$	9,526
Cost of Revenue	15,647		4,489			4,624			11,714			7,381			3,166			1,819
Research and Development	27,855		3,986			2,589			16,816			9,795			12,805			4,991
Selling, General and administrative	20,165		3,690			1,344			9,326			4,958			6,399			8,243
Income/(loss) from Operations	2,560		(6,565		)	(3,065		)	(18,757		)	(8,455		)	(19,831		)	(5,527		)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	2,571		(5,506		)	(4,387		)	(19,643		)	(9,885		)	(23,316		)	(5,150		)
Income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders- basic	$	0.17	$	(0.39	)	$	(1.44	)	$	(1.97	)	$	(3.25	)	$	(14.11	)	$	(3.03	)
Income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders- diluted	$	0.16	$	(0.39	)	$	(1.44	)	$	(1.97	)	$	(3.25	)	$	(14.11	)	$	(3.03	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding- basic	15,250,154		14,032,828			3,048,131			9,955,937			3,044,308			1,652,904			1,701,404
Weighted average common shares outstanding- diluted	16,253,781		14,032,828			3,048,131			9,955,937			3,044,308			1,652,904			1,701,404



	December 31,				September 30,
Balance Sheet Data:	2015		2014		2014		2013		2012			2011
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	79,083	$	34,869	$	22,722	$	10,456	$	5,067		$	12,600
Short-term investments	—		—		19,999		—		1,500			—
Accounts receivable	26,267		11,956		7,296		5,124		1,581			260
Inventories	15,042		1,242		1,294		—		87			1,139
Total assets	124,605		50,094		53,411		18,103		9,438			15,562
Accounts payable	3,857		3,501		4,059		1,192		1,444			1,538
Accrued expenses	24,405		12,165		9,671		3,130		1,340			1,755
Deferred revenue	6,000		6,520		6,585		10,020		9,500			6,000
Total stockholders' equity	$	90,343	$	27,908	$	33,096	$	87,929	$	(93,434	)	$	(71,175	)

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is provided to enhance the understanding of, and should be read in conjunction with, Part I, Item 1, “Business” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” For information on risks and uncertainties related to our business that may make past performance not indicative of future

Table of Contents

results, or cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements, see “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”

Overview

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing injectable products utilizing the FDA's 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway. Our business model is to develop proprietary innovations to FDA-approved, injectable drugs that offer longer commercial duration at attractive prices. For each of our products, we intend to enter the market no later than the first generic drug, allowing us to substantially convert the market to our product by addressing the needs of stakeholders who ultimately use our products. We believe we can further extend commercial duration through new intellectual property protection and/or orphan drug exclusivity and three years of regulatory exclusivity as provided under the Hatch-Waxman Act, as applicable.

Our product portfolio now includes five approved products: EP-1101 (argatroban) (“EP-1101”), Ryanodex^® (dantrolene sodium) (“Ryanodex”), docetaxel injection, non-alcohol formulation (“Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection”), diclofenac-misoprostol, and EP-3102 (rapidly infused bendamustine RTD) (“EP-3102 Bendeka”). We have three commercial partners: Teva, who markets EP-3102 Bendeka and The Medicines Company (“MDCO”) and Sandoz Inc. (“Sandoz”), who pursuant to separate agreements market EP-1101. Our recently approved EP-3102 Bendeka was commercially launched by Teva in January 2016.

We intend to market and commercialize our products through our recent co-promotion agreement with Spectrum while continuing to grow our commercial organization.

We currently have four product candidates in advanced stages of development, and/or under review for approval by the FDA. Additionally, we have other exploratory candidates under a collaborative agreement entered into in January 2016 with Albany Molecular Research, Inc. ("AMRI"). Our four advanced candidates are EP-6101 Kangio™ ready-to-use ("RTU") bivalirudin, currently under review for approval by the FDA, EP-4104 (dantrolene sodium) (“EP-4104”) for exertional heat stroke ("EHS"), and EP-5101 (pemetrexed) (“EP-5101”). Our leading near-term product candidate is Kangio™, a patented liquid intravenous form of Angiomax for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. EP-3101 is tentatively approved and we may begin commercializing in May 2016. Both EP-5101 and the potential label expansion of Ryanodexinto EHS may address unmet medical needs in major specialty markets.

Recent Developments

On February 18, 2014 we closed our initial public offering whereby we sold 3,350,000 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $15.00 per share, before underwriting discounts and expenses. On March 18, 2014 the underwriters exercised an over-allotment option granted in connection with the offering of 100,000 shares of common stock at the initial public offering price, less the underwriter discount. The aggregate net proceeds received from the offering were approximately $46.1 million.

On March 14, 2014 we received FDA approval of our Abbreviated New Drug Application for diclofenac-misoprostol tablets. In May 2014, we submitted additional data to the FDA with respect to manufacturing procedures of the product and final approval was achieved in June 2014.

On July 2, 2014, we were granted tentative approval for EP-3101 (bendamustine RTD) (“EP-3101 RTD”). Due to orphan drug exclusivity held by Cephalon, the tentative approval received in July 2014 may not convert to final approval until May 2016, unless, we are able to demonstrate at an earlier date that our bendamustine product, which has been granted orphan drug designation by the FDA, is clinically superior to Cephalon’s currently-marketed formulation. We believe that bendamustine represents a domestic market opportunity of over $700 million. The EP-3101 RTD NDA was filed with the FDA on September 6, 2013.

On July 22, 2014 we received FDA approval for Ryanodex for injectable suspension indicated for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia ("MH"), for which an NDA was filed with the FDA on January 17, 2014. We launched in August 2014 and incurred expenses associated with marketing and other launch efforts.

On August 8, 2014, we settled the lawsuit with Hikma related to the APA (See Note 10 “Asset Sales”). Pursuant to the terms of the settlement we will retain ownership of diclofenac-misoprostol including the rights to launch and commercialize the product and we will pay to Hikma a percentage of Net Profits after recovery of certain expenses.

On August 29, 2014, we successfully executed the product launch of Ryanodex. We contracted a third party logistics partner who stores our inventory, fulfills sales orders and provides detailed real time reporting. Additionally, we contracted with a third party sales force comprised of 20 representatives who are focusing their promotional activities on important stakeholders within the hospital setting. To compliment these efforts, we have also engaged group purchasing organizations and wholesalers in contracting discussions.

In November 2014 we received positive results from the clinical trial with EP-3102 Bendeka, in which the dose was delivered in a 50mL admixture in ten minutes versus a 500mL admixture in the 60-minute infusion required for Treanda® (bendamustine HCl). In this study, EP-3102 Bendeka was found to be bioequivalent to Treanda®, which was the primary endpoint of the study. The incidence and profile of adverse events, both infusion-related and general, for EP-3102 Bendeka was comparable to Treanda®. This is particularly important because EP-3102 Bendeka delivers the same amount of active ingredient as Treanda® but with a lower admixture volume, which enables our product to be administered more quickly.

On January 20, 2015, our board of directors authorized a change in our fiscal year end from September 30, 2014 to December 31, 2014. The change was intended to better align our fiscal year with the business cycles of other specialty pharmaceutical companies. As a result of the change in fiscal year, our 2015 fiscal year began on January 1, 2015 and ended on December 31, 2015.

On February 13, 2015, we submitted an NDA to the FDA for EP-3102 Bendeka which was approved by the FDA on December 8, 2015. Also, on February 13, 2015, we entered into the Cephalon License with Cephalon, Inc. for U.S. and Canadian rights to EP-3102 Bendeka for treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL. Pursuant to the terms of the Cephalon License, Cephalon is responsible for all U.S. commercial activities for the product including promotion and distribution, and we are responsible for obtaining and maintaining all regulatory approvals and conducting post-approval clinical studies. Additionally, under the terms of the Cephalon License, we received an upfront cash payment of $30 million, received a $15 million milestone in January 2016, related to the FDA approval of EP-3102 Bendeka in December 2015 and are currently eligible to receive up to $65 million in additional milestone payments. In addition, we are entitled to receive royalty payments of 20% of net sales of the product. In connection with the Cephalon License, we have entered into a supply agreement with Cephalon, pursuant to which we will be responsible for supplying product to Cephalon for a specified period.

On March 20, 2015, we completed an underwritten public offering (the "Follow-on Offering") of 1,518,317 shares of common stock, including the exercise by the underwriters of a 30-day option to purchase an additional 198,041 shares of common stock. Of the shares sold, 1,388,517 shares were issued and offered by the Company and 129,800 shares were offered by certain selling stockholders. All of the shares were offered at a price to the public of $42.00 per share. The net proceeds from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us, were approximately $54.3 million. We did not receive any proceeds from the shares sold by the selling stockholders. The securities described above were offered by us pursuant to a shelf registration statement declared effective by the SEC on March 13, 2015.

On April 7, 2015 and May 19, 2015, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) granted us Patents No. 9,000,021 and No. 9,034,908 for our rapid infusion bendamustine, for treating patients requiring restricted fluid and/or sodium intake. These patents extend to March 2033.

On May 20, 2015, we submitted an NDA to the FDA for our ready-to-use Bivalirudin product which was accepted for filing by the FDA. The FDA action date for this NDA is March 19, 2016.

On September 29, 2015, the USPTO granted us Patent No. 9,144,568, which pertains to the use of EP-3102 Bendeka. The patent extends to March 2033.

On November 4, 2015, we entered into the Spectrum Agreement under which the Spectrum 32-person Corporate Accounts Sales Team will dedicate 80% of its time to selling and marketing up to six of the Company's products over a period of at least 18 months. The Company will pay Spectrum a base fee of $12.8 million over 18 months, and additional payments of up to $9 million if

specified targets for annual net sales of our products are met during the initial term of the Spectrum Agreement, for a potential total payment of up to $22 million during the initial term. We may extend the initial term of this agreement by six months to December 31, 2017 at our sole election. Any extensions after December 31, 2017 require mutual consent and will be for six months per extension.

As part of the Spectrum Agreement and long-term strategy to build an internal commercial team, we will also hire approximately 20 direct sales representatives that will be a part of our independent commercial organization. These representatives will be managed under the Spectrum sales team infrastructure for the duration of the Spectrum Agreement.

Financial Operations Overview

Revenue

Revenue includes product sales, royalty income and license and other income. Revenue results are difficult to predict, and any shortfall in revenue or delay in recognizing revenue could cause operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year.

We recognize revenues from product sales of Ryanodex, EP-1101 and diclofenac-misoprostol. Ryanodex and diclofenac-misoprostol, launched in January 2015, are sold directly to wholesalers, hospitals and surgery centers through a third party logistics partner and EP-1101 is sold directly to our commercial partners. Sales to our commercial partners are typically made at little or no profit for resale. We expect that our 2016 product sales will also include EP-3102 Bendeka and Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection, both launched in January 2016.

Royalty Income. We recognize revenue from royalties based on our commercial partners' net sales of EP-1101, typically calculated as a percentage of the net selling price, which is net of discounts, returns and allowances incurred by our commercial partners. Royalty income is recognized as earned in accordance with contract terms when it can be reasonably estimated and collectability is reasonably assured. We expect that our 2016 royalty income to include royalties on sales of EP-3102 Bendeka from Teva.

License and other income. We recognize license revenue from Teva related to Bendeka. Other income resulted from FDA approval of diclofenac-misoprostol related to the asset sale agreement with Hikma Pharmaceuticals.

Our revenues may either be in the form of the recognition of deferred revenues upon milestone achievement for which cash has already been received or recognition of revenue upon milestone achievement, the payment for which is reasonably assured to be received in the future.

Currently, our product sales are from EP-1101, Ryanodex and diclofenac-misoprostol, and royalty income is derived from the sale of EP-1101to, and the resale by, two commercial partners, Sandoz and MDCO. The primary factors that determine our revenues derived from EP-1101 are:


•	the level of orders submitted by our commercial partners, Sandoz and MDCO;


•	the level of orders submitted by our commercial partners, Sandoz and The Medicines Company;


•	the level of institutional demand for EP-1101;


•	unit sales prices; and


•	the amount of gross-to-net sales adjustments realized by our marketing partners.

The primary factors that may determine our revenues derived from Ryanodex® and our future products are:


•	the effectiveness of our contracted sales force and co-promotion partner, Spectrum;


•	the level of orders submitted by wholesalers, hospitals and surgery centers;


•	the level of institutional demand for our products;


•	unit sales prices; and


•	the amount of gross-to-net sales and chargebacks.

Chargebacks. We typically enter into agreements with group purchasing organizations acting on behalf of their hospital members, in connection with the hospitals’ purchases of products. Based on these agreements, most of our hospital customers have the right

to receive a discounted price for products and volume-based rebates on product purchases. In the case of discounted pricing, we typically receive a chargeback, representing the difference between the contract acquisition list price and the discounted price.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists of the costs associated with producing our products for our commercial partners. In particular, our cost of revenue includes production costs of our products paid to a contract manufacturing organization coupled with shipping and customs charges, as well as royalty expense. Cost of revenue may also include the effects of product recalls, if applicable.

Research and Development

Our research and development expenses consist of expenses incurred in developing, testing, manufacturing and seeking regulatory approval of our product candidates, including: expenses associated with regulatory submissions, clinical trials and manufacturing, including additional expenses in preparing for the commercial manufacture of products including Ryanodex (launched in August 2014), EP-4104, EP-5101, and Kangio™ and EP-3102 Bendeka and Non-Alcohol Docetaxel Injection (both launched in early 2016); payments made to third-party clinical research organizations, contract laboratories and independent contractors; payments made to consultants who perform research and development on our behalf and assist us in the preparation of regulatory filings; payments made to third-party investigators who perform research and development on our behalf and clinical sites where such research and development is conducted; expenses incurred to maintain technology licenses; and facility, maintenance, allocated rent, utilities, depreciation and amortization and other related expenses. Additionally, costs include salaries, benefits and other related costs, including stock-based compensation for research and development personnel.

Clinical trial expenses for our product candidates are and will be a significant component of our research and development expenses. Product candidates in later stage clinical development generally have higher research and development expenses than those in earlier stages of development. We coordinate clinical trials through a number of contracted investigational sites and recognize the associated expense based on a number of factors, including actual and estimated subject enrollment and visits, direct pass-through costs and other clinical site fees.

We expect to incur additional research and development expenses as we accelerate the development of our product portfolio, both internally and through our joint development agreement with AMRI, as applicable. These expenditures are subject to numerous uncertainties regarding timing and cost to completion. Completion of clinical trials may take several years or more and the length of time generally varies according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative costs consist primarily of salaries, benefits and other related costs, including stock-based compensation for executive, finance, selling and operations personnel. Included in selling costs are expenses related to our contracted sales organization and marketing related to the product launch of Ryanodex^® in August 2014, and most recently Docetaxel injection in early 2016. General and administrative expenses include facility and related costs, professional fees for legal, consulting, tax and accounting services, insurance, selling, market research, advisory board and key opinion leaders, depreciation and general corporate expenses.

We expect that our selling, general and administrative expenses will increase with the potential further commercialization of our product candidates particularly as we begin to commercialize our products through our co-promotion agreement with Spectrum and continue to grow our commercial organization.

Other Income and Expense

Other income (expense) consists primarily of interest income, interest expense and changes in value of our warrant liability. Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents. Interest expense consists primarily of cash and non-cash interest costs related to our issuance of convertible notes, including the amortization of debt discounts and deferred financing costs.

Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit primarily consists of proceeds from the sale of our New Jersey state net operating losses which is net of any minimum state taxes paid.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2014

Revenues



	Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended September 30,		Increase/(Decrease)
	2015		2014		Increase/(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Product sales	$	12,968	$	4,626	$	8,342
Royalty income	8,259		10,708		(2,449		)
License and other income	45,000		3,765		41,235
Total revenue	$	66,227	$	19,099	$	47,128

Total revenue increased $47.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 to $66.2 million as compared to $19.1 million in the year ended September 30, 2014.

Product sales increased approximately $8.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 to $13.0 million as compared to $4.6 million in the year ended September 30, 2014. This increase was due to $2.2 million in net product sales of diclofenac-misoprostol (launched in January 2015), an increase of $5.9 million in net product sales of Ryanodex(launched in August 2014), and an increase in EP-1101 product sales of $0.2 million.

Royalty income decreased $2.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 to $8.3 million as compared to $10.7 million in the year ended September 30, 2014 as a result of return adjustments passed through to Eagle by one of our commercial partners.

License and other income increased $41.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 to $45.0 million as compared to $3.8 million in the year ended September 30, 2014, as a result of the licensing agreement with Cephalon. Other income in the year ended September 30, 2014 resulted from FDA approval of diclofenac-misoprostol related to the asset sale agreement with Hikma Pharmaceuticals.

Cost of Revenue



	Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		Increase
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	15,647	$	11,714	$	3,933

Cost of revenue increased $3.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 to $15.6 million as compared to $11.7 million in the year ended September 30, 2014, as a result of increased product sales, an increase in royalty expense and inventory write-offs. The cost of revenue increase related to product sales was due to $1.2 million in cost of revenue for diclofenac-misoprostol (launched in January 2015), and a $2.3 million increase in cost of revenue for Ryanodex (launched in August 2014), offset by a $0.6 million decrease in cost of revenue for EP-1101 resulting from additional product testing incurred in the prior period. In addition, SciDose royalty expense increased $2.2 million due to the licensing agreement with Cephalon and cost of revenue further increased due to $1.1 million of inventory write-offs attributable to expiring Ryanodex inventory. These increases were further offset by a $2.3 million decrease in EP-1101 royalty expense due the returns adjustment passed through to Eagle from our commercial partner.

Research and Development



	Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended September 30,		Increase/(Decrease)
	2015		2014		Increase/(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
EP-6101 Kangio™ (bivalirudin)	$	4,209	$	2,366	$	1,843
EP-3101 (bendamustine RTD)	946		2,801		(1,855		)
EP-3102 (bendamustine rapid infusion)	6,565		4,526		2,039
Ryanodex^® (dantrolene sodium) EHS	2,921		1,673		1,248
EP-5101 (pemetrexed)	4,556		129		4,427
Diclofenac-misoprostol	17		978		(961		)
All other projects	2,161		519		1,642
Salary and other personnel related expenses	6,480		3,824		2,656
Total research and development	$	27,855	$	16,816	$	11,039

Research and development expenses increased approximately $11.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 to $27.9 million as compared to $16.8 million in the year ended September 30, 2014.

Research and development expenses incurred in the year ended December 31, 2015 were higher than in the year ended September 30, 2014 mainly as a result of increased project spending for EP-5101 related to registration batches, technical transfer and manufacturing services, for EP-3102 Bendeka related to pre-launch inventory write-offs and certain professional expenses, and for Kangio™ related to FDA filling fees, legal costs and development costs to support product approval. In addition, there was increased spending for the successful completion of the clinical treatment portion of the safety and efficacy study of Ryanodex for EHS. Salary and other personnel-related expenses increased due to increased staffing and higher overall compensation costs. These increases were offset by a reduction in project spending for EP-3101RTD due to the timing of research and development activities for diclofenac-misoprostol due to product approval.

Selling, General and Administrative



	Year Ended December 31,		Year Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		Increase
	(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative	$	20,165	$	9,326	$	10,839

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $10.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 to $20.1 million as compared to $9.3 million in the year ended September 30, 2014.

This increase is related to a $4.8 million increase in selling, general and administrative salary and personnel related expenses, $2.3 million of professional fees, a $2.2 million increase in marketing mainly related to Ryanodex, $0.4 million increase in office expenses, $0.3 million increase in facilities expenses, $0.3 million increase in dues and subscriptions, and a $0.5 million increase in miscellaneous expenses.

Other Income and Expense



	Year Ended December 31,			Year Ended September 30,			Increase/(Decrease)
	2015			2014			Increase/(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Interest income	$	25		$	31		$	(6	)
Interest expense	(11		)	(8		)	(3		)
Change in value of warrant liability	—			(573		)	573
Other income, net	—			35			(35		)
Total other income/(expense), net	$	14		$	(515	)	$	529

Other income and (expense) increased by $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to income of $14 thousand as compared to an expense of $0.5 million for year ended September 31, 2014. The fiscal 2014 amount consists primarily of the recognition of the change in value of the warrant liability.

State Income Tax Benefit

In the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $3 thousand based upon its estimated federal AMT and state tax liability.

In the year ended September 30, 2014 we realized proceeds from the sale of our New Jersey state net operating losses of $1.3 million.

Net Income

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $2.6 million as compared to a net loss of $18.0 million for the year ended September 30, 2014, as a result of the factors discussed above.

Comparison of Three Months Ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

Revenues



	Three Months Ended December 31,				Increase/ (Decrease)
	2014		2013		Increase/ (Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Product sales	$	1,506	$	2,224	$	(718	)
Royalty income	4,094		3,268		826
Total revenue	$	5,600	$	5,492	$	108

Total revenue increased $0.1 million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to $5.6 million as compared to $5.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2013.

Product sales decreased $(0.7) million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to $1.5 million as compared to $2.2 million in the three months ended December 31, 2013. This net decrease in product sales was due to longer lead times in procuring materials for manufacturing EP-1101, partially offset by Ryanodex, launched in August 2014, which resulted in net product sales of $0.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2014.

Royalty income increased $0.8 million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to $4.1 million as compared to $3.3 million in the three months ended December 31, 2013, as a result of increased end use sales of EP-1101 by our commercial partners.

Cost of Revenue



	Three Months Ended December 31,				(Decrease)
	2014		2013		(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	4,489	$	4,624	$	(135	)

Cost of net revenues decreased $(0.1) million to $4.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 from $4.6 million in the three months ended December 31, 2013. This $(0.1) million net decrease in cost of revenues was mainly attributable to a decrease in product sales of EP-1101 offset by an increase in royalty expense to both SciDose and MDCO. We recognized $2.7 million and $2.0 million in royalty expense for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

With respect to EP-1101 product sales we experienced a net decrease in the cost of revenue of approximately $(0.8) million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 over the three months ended December 31, 2013. This net decrease is comprised of a $(0.6) million decrease in testing costs and a $(0.8) million decrease in product costs offset by a $0.7 million increase in royalty expense. Cost of revenue related to Ryanodex^® was approximately $0.7 million, of which $0.1 million was for royalty expense, $0.4 million was related to product sales and $0.2 million for other expenses incurred including predominantly certain regulatory

and other expenses to our third party logistics partner.

Research and Development



	Three Months Ended December 31,				Increase/ (Decrease)
	2014		2013		Increase/ (Decrease)
	(in thousands)
EP-6101 (bivalirudin)	$	570	$	—	$	570
EP-3101 (bendamustine RTD)	773		436		337
EP-3102 (bendamustine short infusion time)	1,090		721		369
Ryanodex® (dantrolene sodium)	54		412		(358		)
EP-5101 pemetrexed	129		—		129
All other projects	221		290		(69		)
Salary and other personnel related expenses	1,149		730		419
Total Research and Development	$	3,986	$	2,589	$	1,397

Research and development expenses increased $1.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to $4.0 million as compared to $2.6 million in the three months ended December 31, 2013. Expenses in the three months ended December 31, 2014 were higher than in the three months ended December 31, 2013 as a result of an increase in project spending for EP-3101, EP-3102 Bendeka, EP-6101, and salaries and other personnel-related expenses, offset by a decrease in project spending for Ryanodex.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to $3.7 million as compared to $1.3 million in the three months ended December 31, 2013. This increase is related to a $1.5 million increase in marketing related to the launch of Ryanodex, increase of $0.5 million of professional fees, insurance and miscellaneous expenses and $0.4 million increase in general and administrative salary and personnel-related expenses.

Other Income (Expense)



	Three Months Ended December 31,						Increase/ (Decrease)
	2014			2013			Increase/ (Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Interest income	$	1		$	1		$	—
Interest expense	(1		)	—			(1		)
Change in value of warrant liability	—			(191		)	191
Total other income/(expense), net	$	—		$	(190	)	$	190

Other income and (expense) decreased by $(0.2) million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to $0.0 as compared to an expense of $0.2 million in the three months ended December 31, 2013. The decrease in other income and (expense) was due to the recognition of the change in value of the warrant liability during three months ended December 31, 2013. These convertible notes and warrants converted to common stock in connection with the initial public offering in February 2014.

Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit increased $1.1 million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to a benefit of $1.1 million as compared to a benefit of $0.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2013 due to the timing of sales of our New Jersey State net operating losses.

Net Loss

Net loss for the three months ended December 31, 2014 was $(5.5) million as compared to net loss of $(3.3) million in the three months ended December 31, 2013, as a result of the factors discussed above.

Comparison of Years Ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

Revenues



	Year Ended September 30,
	2014		2013		Increase/(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Product sales	$	4,626	$	5,315	$	(689	)
Royalty income	10,708		8,364		2,344
Other income	3,765		—		3,765
Total revenue	$	19,099	$	13,679	$	5,420

Total revenue increased $5.4 million in the year ended September 30, 2014 to $19.1 million as compared to $13.7 million in the year ended September 30, 2013.

The net increase in total revenue was offset by a decrease in product sales of $(0.7) million in the year ended September 30, 2014 to $4.6 million as compared to $5.3 million in the year ended September 30, 2013. This net decrease in product sales was due to longer lead times in procuring materials for manufacturing EP-1101, partially offset by the August 2014 launch of Ryanodex which resulted in net product sales of $0.2 million.

Royalty income increased $2.3 million in the year ended September 30, 2014 to $10.7 million as compared to $8.4 million in the year ended September 30, 2013 as a result of increased end use sales of EP-1101 by our commercial partners earlier in the period offset by decreased end-use sales of argatroban that may be related to market competition.

Other income increased by $3.8 million primarily as a result of the FDA approval of diclofenac-misoprostol related to the asset sale agreement with Hikma Pharmaceutical for $3.5 million. Additionally, we recognized a final milestone of $0.3 million. There were no revenues from collaborative arrangements in the periods presented.

Cost of Revenue



	Year Ended September 30,
	2014		2013		Increase
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	11,714	$	7,381	$	4,333

Cost of revenue increased $4.3 million in the year ended September 30, 2014 to $11.7 million as compared to $7.4 million in the year ended September 30, 2013 mainly as a result of the increase in royalty expense associated with EP-1101 and our commercial marketing partners. Royalty related to EP-1101 increased by $4.1 million due to an increase in royalty expense to both SciDose and MDCO. Under the terms of our revenue sharing arrangement with SciDose, we retain all revenue from the sale of a product commercialized under a 505(b)(2) application until we have recouped our expenses related to the development of that product. Once our expenses are recouped, we are required to split the net proceeds from royalty income received equally with SciDose. Expenses related to the development of EP-1101 were recouped during the quarter ended September 30, 2013. As a result, we recognized an increase of $3.4 million in royalty expense in the year ended September 30, 2014 that was not recognized in the year ended September 30, 2013. Additionally, as a result of the Hikma settlement we incurred $0.3 million related to a one-time royalty due to diclofenac-misoprostol expenses. Royalty expense related to Ryanodex, launched in August 2014, was approximately $35 thousand.

With respect to EP-1101 product sales we experienced a net decrease in the cost of revenue of approximately $(0.2) million in the year ended September 30, 2014 over the year ended September 30, 2013. This net decrease is comprised of a $0.6 million increase in testing costs offset by an $(0.9) million decrease in product costs. The volume of product shipped in year ended September 30, 2014, excluding the product recall was approximately 18% less than product shipped in the year ended September 30, 2013. This decrease also correlates to the decrease in product revenue. We experienced a product recall in the October through December 2012 period and experienced fewer shipments in the April through September 2014 period due to longer lead times in procuring materials for manufacturing. Cost of revenue related to Ryanodex was approximately $0.2 million, of which $20 thousand was related to product sales and $0.1 million for other expenses incurred including predominantly certain regulatory and other expenses to our third party logistics partner.

We would expect our cost of revenues as a percentage of product sales and royalty income to remain consistent with the year ended

September 30, 2014.

Research and Development



	Year Ended September 30,
	2014		2013		Increase/(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
EP-6101 (bivalirudin)	$	2,366	$	—	$	2,366
EP-3102 (bendamustine rapid infusion)	4,526		—		4,526
Ryanodex^® (dantrolene for MH)	1,474		1,682		(208		)
EP-3101 (bendamustine RTD)	2,801		1,090		1,711
diclofenac-misoprostol	978		—		978
EP-4104 (dantrolene for EHS)	199		162		37
All other projects	648		3,553		(2,905		)
Salary and other personnel related expenses	3,824		3,308		516
Total research and development	$	16,816	$	9,795	$	7,021

Research and development expenses increased $7.0 million in the year ended September 30, 2014 to $16.8 million as compared to $9.8 million in the year ended September 30, 2013.

Research and development expenses incurred in the year ended September 30, 2014 were higher than in the year ended September 30, 2013 as a result of increased project spending for EP-6101 (bivalirudin) related to registration batches, and technical transfer and manufacturing services, EP-3102 Bendeka related to spending on the PK (pharmacokinetic) study related to support of product approval and certain legal and professional expenses. Spending increase on diclofenac-misoprostol was related to legal costs and development costs to support product approval. These increases were offset by a reduction in spending on other projects that have been delayed or will no longer be pursued. Salary and other personnel related expenses increased due to increased staffing and higher overall compensation costs.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $4.4 million in the year ended September 30, 2014 to $9.3 million as compared to $5.0 million in the year ended September 30, 2013.

This increase is related to a $2.4 million increase in marketing related to the August 2014 launch of Ryanodex. As a result of our public offering in February 2014 and operating as a publicly traded company, overall compensation related expense increased by $1.4 million and we experienced an increase of $0.5 million of insurance and professional fees. We experienced a $0.1 million net increase in various other expenses without material concentrations.

Other Income and Expense



	Year Ended September 30,
	2014			2013			Increase/(Decrease)
	(in thousands)
Interest income	$	31		$	3		$	28
Net proceeds from MDCO Arbitration	—			4,050			(4,050		)
Interest expense	(8		)	(309		)	301
Deferred financing costs	—			(96		)	96
Amortization of debt discount	—			(1,091		)	1,091
Change in value of warrant liability	(573		)	(1,052		)	479
Other income, net	35			3			32
Total other income/(expense), net	$	(515	)	$	1,508		$	(2,023	)

Other income and (expense) decreased to $(0.5) million for the year ended September 30, 2014 from income of $1.5 million for year ended September 30, 2013. The fiscal 2014 amount consists primarily of the recognition of the change in value of the warrant liability. The fiscal 2013 other income and expense primarily includes interest expense and the amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount related to the convertible notes that were issued in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012, the recognition of the change in value of the warrant liability and the settlement related to the MDCO arbitration.

State Income Tax Benefit

In the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 we realized proceeds from the sale of our New Jersey state net operating losses of $1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

Net Loss

Net loss for years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 was $(18.0) million and $(6.0) million, respectively, as a result of the factors described above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On February 18, 2014, we closed our initial public offering whereby 3,350,000 shares of common stock were sold, at a public offering price of $15.00 per share, before underwriting discounts and expenses. On March 18, 2014, the underwriters exercised an over-allotment option granted in connection with the offering of 100,000 shares of common stock at the initial public offering price, less the underwriter discount. The aggregate net proceeds received from the offering were approximately $46.1 million.

On March 20, 2015, we completed the Follow-on Offering described above under the heading "Recent Developments". As previously indicated, the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us, were approximately $54.3 million.

Our primary uses of cash are to fund working capital requirements, product development costs and operating expenses. Historically, we have funded our operations primarily through public offerings of common stock and private placements of preferred stock and convertible notes and out-licensing product rights. Cash and cash equivalents were $79.1 million, $34.9 million and $22.7 million as of December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2014, respectively. In addition, short term investments in U.S. Treasury Bills were $20.0 million at September 30, 2014.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, we realized net income of $2.6 million. As of December 31, 2015, we had a working capital surplus of $88.0 million. For the year ended September 30, 2014, we incurred a net loss of $18.0 million. We have sustained significant losses since our inception on January 2, 2007 and had accumulated a deficit of $107.1 million as of December 31, 2015.

We believe that future cash flows from operations, together with proceeds from the initial and follow-on public offering will be sufficient to fund our currently anticipated working capital requirements through mid-year 2017. No assurance can be given that operating results will improve, out-licensing of products will be successful or that additional financing could be obtained on terms acceptable to us.

Operating Activities:

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $9.7 million. Net income for the period was $2.6 million adjusted by non-cash adjustments of approximately $4.4 million from depreciation, stock-based compensation expense, retirement of fixed assets and lessor contributions for leasehold improvements. Net changes in working capital decreased cash from operating activities by approximately $16.7 million, due to an increase in accounts receivable of $14.3 million, an increase in inventories of $13.8 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.2 million, an increase in other assets of $0.1 million, an increase in accounts payable of $0.4 million and an increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $11.9 million. We experienced a decrease in deferred revenue of $0.5 million. Accounts payable and accrued expenses increased primarily due to accrued royalties, accrued cost of revenue, accrued inventory purchases, and accrued research and development. Inventories increased significantly in preparation for the launch of EP-3102 Bendeka in January 2016. Accounts receivable increased primarily due to the $15.0 million milestone royalty earned under the Cephalon License agreement. The total amount of accounts receivable at December 31, 2015 was approximately $26.3 million, which included approximately $2.0 million of product sales and approximately $24.2 million of royalty income, all with payment terms of 45 days and approximately $0.1 million of other receivables. For royalty income, the 45-day period starts at the end of the quarter upon receipt of the royalty statement detailing the amount of sales in the prior completed quarter, and, for product sales, the period starts upon delivery of product.

At December 31, 2015, our cumulative receivables related to royalty income consist of approximately $9.2 million in receivables from MDCO and $15.0 million from Cephalon.

Based on our agreement with MDCO, our cumulative receivables related to that agreement will continue to aggregate in future periods. Our agreement with MDCO does not contemplate the ability for the parties to net settle amounts receivable or payable. Notwithstanding this, we have periodically collected from MDCO amounts that would be equal to the net amount of receivables due from MDCO, but, because it is unclear whether such cash receipt is intended to be settlement of the net receivable or only a partial payment towards the gross receivable, we have presented these receivables and payables in gross amounts on its

financial statements. As a result, the cumulative receivable from MDCO, as reduced by the cash received from MDCO, aggregates from period-to-period and has never been fully offset by those actual cash payments. At December 31, 2015, we recorded a receivable of approximately $9.2 million and a payable of $7.0 million to MDCO (based upon a 50% revenue split on Sandoz sales). The net receivable due from MDCO as of December 31, 2015 therefore is $2.2 million. The receivable of $2.2 million from MDCO as of December 31, 2015 therefore represents our net cumulative receivable.

We believe that our accounts receivable as of December 31, 2015, after taking into account netting of receivables and payables related to MDCO, are reasonably collectible, and given the payment terms, will be collected in approximately 90 days, and thus would not have a material effect on our liquidity.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended December 31, 2014 was $(7.9) million. Net loss for the period was $(5.5) million offset by non-cash adjustments of approximately $0.3 million from depreciation and stock-based compensation expense. Net changes in working capital decreased cash from operating activities by approximately $(2.7) million, due to a decrease in inventories of $0.1 million, a decrease in prepaid expenses of $0.1 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $(0.6) million, and a decrease in deferred revenue of $(0.1) million. We experienced an increase in accounts receivable of $(4.7) million and an increase in accrued expenses of $2.5 million. Accrued expenses increased primarily due to accrued royalties. The total amount of accounts receivable at December 31, 2014 was approximately $12.0 million, which included approximately $1.8 million of product sales and approximately $10.1 million of royalty income, all with payment terms of 45 days and approximately $0.1 million of other receivables. For royalty income, the 45-day period starts at the end of the quarter upon receipt of the royalty statement detailing the amount of sales in the prior completed quarter, and, for product sales, the period starts upon delivery of product.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended September 30, 2014 was $(13.8) million. Net loss for the period was $(18.0) million offset by non-cash adjustments of approximately $1.3 million from the change in the value of the warrant liability, depreciation and stock-based compensation expense. Net changes in working capital increased cash from operating activities by approximately $2.9 million, due to a decrease in prepaid expenses of $0.2 million related to prepaid insurance, and a decrease in deferred revenue of $(3.4) million. We experienced an increase in accounts receivable of $(2.2) million, an increase of $(1.3) million in inventory and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $9.6 million. Accounts payable and accrued expenses increased primarily due to accrued royalties. The total amount of accounts receivable at September 30, 2014 was approximately $7.3 million, which included approximately $0.7 million of product sales and approximately $6.2 million of royalty income, all with payment terms of 45 days, and approximately $0.4 million of other receivables. For royalty income, the 45-day period starts at the end of the quarter upon receipt of the royalty statement detailing the amount of sales in the prior completed quarter, and, for product sales, the period starts upon delivery of product.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended September 30, 2013 was $(5.9) million and resulted primarily from $(6.0) million of net loss for the period. Non-cash adjustments amounted to $3.0 million in depreciation, amortization, interest, stock-based compensation expense and the change in value of warrant liability. Net changes in working capital decreased cash from operating activities by approximately $(2.8) million, primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable of $(3.5) million from the higher product revenues of EP-1101, an increase in prepaid expenses of $(1.4) million ($0.7 million for prepaid product costs and $0.8 million for FDA user fees, offset by decreases of $0.1 million in other prepaid expenses) and a decrease in accounts payable of $(0.3) million offset by an increase of $1.7 million in accrued expenses ($2.2 million in royalties due to MDCO and SciDose offset by $0.5 million of reductions in other accrued expenses) and an increase in deferred revenue of $0.5 million.

Investing Activities:

In fiscal 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, we invested $1,881, $11, $46 and $41 thousand, respectively, for the purchase of property and equipment.

In fiscal 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 we invested $106.0 million, $0, $20.0 million and $0, respectively, in U.S. Treasury securities, and we redeemed $106.0 million, $20.0 million, $0 and $1.5 million, respectively, of short- term investments.

Financing Activities:

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $55.8 million primarily resulting from the issuance of Common Stock from the follow-on offering and proceeds from stock options exercised of $1.5 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended December 31, 2014 was $34 thousand resulting from proceeds of stock options exercised.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended September 30, 2014 was $46.2 million primarily resulting from the issuance of Common Stock from the initial public offering and the exercise of warrants of $21 thousand and proceeds from stock options exercised of $65 thousand.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended September 30, 2013 was $9.8 million resulting from the issuance of Series C Preferred Stock.

Contractual Obligations

Our future material contractual obligations include the following (in thousands):



	Total		2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	Beyond
Operating lease obligations	$	2,488	515	564	564	564	281	—
Purchase obligations	$	6,879	6,879

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP.

In July 2015, the FASB finalized a one year delay in the effective date of this standard, which will now be effective for us on January 1, 2018, however early adoption is permitted any time after the original effective date, which for us is January 1, 2017. We have not yet selected a transition method and are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on our financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, which revises the guidance in ASC 740, Income Taxes, to simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes and require that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in the statement of financial position. The guidance is to be applied either prospectively or retrospectively, and is effective for reporting periods (interim and annual) beginning after December 15, 2016 for public companies. Early adoption is permitted. The implementation of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, which revises the guidance in ASC 825-10, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, and provides guidance for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial assets and liabilities. The guidance is effective for reporting periods (interim and annual) beginning after December 15, 2017, for public companies. We are currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on our financial position and results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.

The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available.

We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of the new standard on our financial statements.

No accounting standards or interpretations issued recently are expected to have a material impact on our financial position, operation or cash flow.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Impact of Inflation

While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation due to the imprecise nature of the estimates required, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition have been immaterial.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and other financial information. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. In addition, our reported financial condition and results of operations could vary due to a change in the application of a particular accounting standard.

We regard an accounting estimate or assumption underlying our financial statements as a “critical accounting estimate” where:

•the nature of the estimate or assumption is material due to the level of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change; and

•the impact of the estimates and assumptions on financial condition or operating performance is material.

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in note 2 to our financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K. Not all of these significant accounting policies, however, require that we make estimates and assumptions that we believe are “critical accounting estimates.” We have discussed our accounting policies with the audit committee of our board of directors, and we believe that our estimates relating to revenue recognition, accounting for fair value of warrant liabilities and share-based compensation described below are “critical accounting estimates.”

Revenue Recognition

Revenue recognition determines the timing of certain expenses, such as commissions and royalties. Revenue results are difficult to predict, and any shortfall in revenue or delay in recognizing revenue could cause operating results to vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. Royalty revenues, based on net sales by licensees, are recorded as revenue for the period in which those sales are made by the licensees. License fees are recorded over the life of the license. Deferred revenue is recognized upon the achievement of milestones. Other deferred revenue is amortized over the life of the underlying agreement.

We recognize revenue in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin, or SAB, No. 104, Revenue Recognition, and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.

Product sales. We recognize net revenues from products manufactured and supplied to our commercial partners, when the following four basic revenue recognition criteria under the related accounting guidance are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Prior to the shipment of our manufactured products, we conduct initial product release and stability testing in accordance with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP. Our commercial partners can return the products within contracted specified timeframes if the products do not meet the applicable inspection tests. We estimate our return reserves based on our experience with historical return rates. Historically, our product returns have not been material.

Royalty income. We recognize revenue from royalties based on our commercial partners' net sales of products. Royalties are recognized as earned in accordance with contract terms when they can be reasonably estimated and collectability is reasonably assured. Our commercial partners are obligated to report their net product sales and the resulting royalty due to us within 60 days from the end of each quarter. Based on historical product sales, royalty receipts and other relevant information, we accrue royalty revenue each quarter and subsequently true-up when we receive royalty reports from our commercial partners.

Collaborative arrangements. We recognize revenue from reimbursements received in connection with feasibility studies and development work for third parties when our contractual services are performed, provided collectability is reasonably assured. Our principal costs under these arrangements include our personnel conducting research and development, and our allocated overhead, as well as research and development performed by outside contractors or consultants.

We recognize revenues from non-refundable up-front license fees received under collaboration arrangements ratably over the performance period as determined under the collaboration agreement (estimated development period in the case of development arrangements, and contract period or longest patent life in the case of supply and distribution arrangements). If the estimated performance period is subsequently modified, we will modify the period over which the up-front license fee is recognized accordingly on a prospective basis. Upon termination of a collaboration agreement, any remaining non-refundable license fees received by us, which had been deferred, are generally recognized in full. All such recognized revenues are included in collaborative licensing and development revenue in our statements of operations. We recognize revenue from milestone payments received

under collaboration arrangements when earned, provided that the milestone event is substantive, its achievability was not reasonably assured at the inception of the agreement, we have no further performance obligations relating to the event and collectability is reasonably assured. If these criteria are not met, we recognize milestone payments ratably over the remaining period of our performance obligations under the collaboration agreement.

Stock-based compensation. We account for stock-based compensation under ASC, 718 "Accounting for Stock Based Compensation." All stock-based awards granted to non-employees are accounted for at their fair value in accordance with ASC 718, and ASC 505, " Accounting for Equity Instruments that are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services," under which compensation expense is generally recognized over the vesting period of the award. Determining the amount of stock-based compensation to be recorded requires us to develop estimates of fair values of stock options as of the grant date.

We account for stock-based compensation by measuring and recognizing compensation expense for all stock-based payments made to employees and directors based on estimated grant date fair values. We use the straight-line method to allocate compensation cost to reporting periods over each optionee's requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. We estimate the fair value of our stock-based awards to employees and directors using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, or Black-Scholes model. The Black-Scholes model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility, the calculation of expected term and the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant, among other inputs. The risk-free interest rate was determined with the implied yield currently available for zero-coupon U.S. government issues with a remaining term approximating the expected life of the options.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of change in fair value of a financial instrument due to changes in interest rates, equity prices, creditworthiness, financing, exchange rates or other factors. We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $79.1 million held primarily in money market mutual funds. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, due to the short-term duration of our money market mutual funds and the low risk profile of our investments, an immediate one percent change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Our Financial Statements and Supplementary Data and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm appear beginning on page F-1 attached to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

N/A

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the year ended December 31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Eagle") has prepared, and is responsible for, Eagle's financial statements and related footnotes. These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Eagle's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:


•	pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of Eagle’s assets;


•	provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of Eagle are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of Eagle; and


•	provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Eagle's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Eagle's management assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. Management’s assessment was based upon the criteria established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on its assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2015, Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

/s/ Scott Tarriff

President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ David E. Riggs

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Woodcliff Lake, NJ

We have audited Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting”. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

In our opinion, Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the COSO criteria. BDO USA, LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership, is the U.S. member of BDO International Limited, a UK company limited by guarantee, and forms part of the international BDO network of independent member firms. BDO is the brand name for the BDO network and for each of the BDO Member Firms.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the balance sheets of Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2014 and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2015, September 30, 2014, September 30, 2013 and the transition period for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and our report dated February 29, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Woodbridge, NJ

February 29, 2016

Item 9B. Other information.

None.

PART III

Certain information required by Part III is omitted from this Annual Report on Form 10-K and will be included in our definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this item will be set forth in our definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Documents filed as part of this report.

The following documents are filed as part of this report:

1. Financial Statements

See Index to Financial Statements at Item 8 herein.

2. Financial Statement Schedules

Financial statement schedules have been omitted in this report because they are not applicable, not required under the instructions, or the information requested is set forth in the financial statements or related notes thereto.

3. Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the accompanying index to exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 29, 2016.



EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

By:	/s/ Scott Tarriff
	Scott Tarriff
	President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Scott Tarriff and David E. Riggs, and each of them, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or either of them, or their or his substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.




Signature	Title	Date

/S/ SCOTT TARRIFF Scott Tarriff	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)	February 29, 2016

/S/ DAVID E. RIGGS David E. Riggs	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)	February 29, 2016

/S/ JAY MOORIN Jay Moorin	Chairman of the Board of Directors	February 29, 2016

/S/ STEVEN RATOFF Steven Ratoff	Member of the Board of Directors	February 29, 2016

/S/ SANDER FLAUM Sander Flaum	Member of the Board of Directors	February 29, 2016

/S/ MICHAEL GRAVES Michael Graves	Member of the Board of Directors	February 29, 2016

/S/ ALAIN SCHREIBER, M.D. Alain Schreiber, M.D.	Member of the Board of Directors	February 29, 2016

/S/ DAVID PERNOCK David Pernock	Member of the Board of Directors	February 29, 2016

EXHIBIT INDEX




Exhibit Number
3.2		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed January 28, 2014)
3.4		Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed January 28, 2014)
4.1		Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed January 28, 2014)
4.2		Third Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated April 11, 2013, by and among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.1		Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between the Registrant and its directors and officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.2	†	Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2007 Incentive Compensation Plan and Form of Stock Option Agreement thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013), as amended December 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 001-36306, filed December 21, 2015)
10.3	†	Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, and Form of Stock Option Agreement, Notice of Exercise and Stock Option Grant Notice thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 001-36306, filed August 10, 2015), as amended with an additional form of Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 001-36306, filed December 21, 2015)
10.4	†	Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed January 22, 2014)
10.5	†	Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed January 22, 2014)
10.6	†	Employment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Scott Tarriff dated March 8, 2007, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed January 28, 2014)
10.7	†	Offer Letter by and between the Registrant and Paul Bruinenberg dated September 7, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.8	†	Offer Letter by and between the Registrant and Steven Krill dated September 7, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.9	†	Offer Letter by and between the Registrant and David Riggs dated November 7, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.10		Lease Agreement between the Registrant and Mack-Cali Chestnut Ridge L.L.C. dated May 28, 2013, as amended on July 1, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013), and as amended on March 16, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K , SEC File No. 001-36306, filed March 20, 2015)
10.11	(a)*	Development and License Agreement, by and between the Registrant and SciDose, LLC, dated September 24, 2007, as amended March 18, 2008, May 22, 2009 and July 16, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11(a) to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)



10.11	(b)*	Development and License Agreement, by and between the Registrant and SciDose, LLC, dated June 12, 2007, as amended March 18, 2008, March 25, 2008, December 3, 2008, May 22, 2009 and July 16, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11(b) to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013), and as amended on August 5, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 001-36306, filed August 10, 2015)
10.12	*	License and Sublicense Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Lyotropic Therapeutics, Inc., dated October 16, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.13	*	License and Development Agreement, by and between the Registrant and The Medicines Company, effective as of September 24, 2009, as amended January 2010 and September 1, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.14	*	Supply Agreement, by and between the Registrant and The Medicines Company, dated September 24, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.15	*	Agreement for the Supply of Argatroban and Topotecan, by and between the Registrant and Cipla Limited, dated December 14, 2012, as amended August 30, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.16	*	Supply and Distribution Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Sandoz AG, dated January 28, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.17	*	Development and License Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Robert One, LLC (bendamustine), dated March 18, 2008, as amended November 11, 2009 and July 16, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013)
10.18	*	Development and License Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Robert One, LLC (pemetrexed), dated February 13, 2009, as amended May 22, 2009, December 23, 2010 and July 16, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, SEC File No. 333-192984, filed December 20, 2013), and as amended on August 5, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 001-36306, filed August 10, 2015)
10.19	*	Exclusive License Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Cephalon, Inc., dated February 13, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A, SEC File No. 001-36306, filed February 12, 2016)
10.20	*	Settlement and License Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Cephalon, Inc., dated February 13, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, SEC File No. 001-36306, filed May 15, 2015)
10.21	†	Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Officer Severance Benefit Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 001-36306, filed August 10, 2015)
10.22	†	Form of Letter Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 001-36306, filed December 21, 2015)
10.23	(1)*	License Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Teikoku Pharma USA, Inc., dated October 13, 2015
10.24	(1)*	Co-Promotion Agreement, by and between the Registrant and Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc., dated November 4, 2015
23.1	(1)	Consent of BDO USA, LLP, an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
24.1		Power of Attorney (incorporated by reference to this signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K)
31.1	(1)	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2	(1)	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1	(1)	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document



101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

†Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

*Confidential treatment requested as to certain portions, which portions are omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(1) Filed herewith.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

APPENDIX A




	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F- 2
Balance Sheets	F- 3
Statements of Operations	F- 4
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	F- 5
Statements of Cash Flows	F- 7
Notes to Financial Statements	F- 9

F- 1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Woodcliff Lake, NJ

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2014 and the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years ended December 31, 2015, September 30, 2014, September 30, 2013 and the transition period for the three months ended December 31, 2014. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2014, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three fiscal years ended December 31, 2015, September 30, 2014, September 30, 2013 and the transition period for the three months ended December 31, 2014,in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated February 29, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Woodbridge, NJ

February 29, 2016

F- 2

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands except share and per share amounts)



	December 31, 2015			December 31, 2014			September 30, 2014
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	79,083		$	34,869		$	22,722
Short-term investments	—			—			19,999
Accounts receivable	26,267			11,956			7,296
Inventories	15,042			1,242			1,294
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,865			1,640			1,711
Total current assets	122,257			49,707			53,022
Property and equipment, net	2,205			342			344
Other assets	143			45			45
Total assets	$	124,605		$	50,094		$	53,411
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,857		$	3,501		$	4,059
Accrued expenses	24,405			12,165			9,671
Deferred revenue	6,000			6,520			6,585
Total current liabilities	34,262			22,186			20,315
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, 1,500,000 shares authorized and no shares issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2015 and 2014; no shares authorized, issued or outstanding as of September 30, 2014	—			—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 15,636,387, 14,036,680, and 14,032,167 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2015, 2014, and September 30, 2014, respectively	15			14			14
Additional paid in capital	197,440			137,577			137,259
Accumulated deficit	(107,112		)	(109,683		)	(104,177		)
Total stockholders' equity	90,343			27,908			33,096
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	124,605		$	50,094		$	53,411

See accompanying notes to financial statements

F- 3

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)



	Year Ended December 31,			Three Months Ended December 31,			Year Ended September 30,			Year Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2014			2013

Revenue:
Product sales	$	12,968		$	1,506		$	4,626		$	5,315
Royalty income	8,259			4,094			10,708			8,364
License and other income	45,000			—			3,765			—
Total revenue	66,227			5,600			19,099			13,679
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue	15,647			4,489			11,714			7,381
Research and development	27,855			3,986			16,816			9,795
Selling, general and administrative	20,165			3,690			9,326			4,958
Total operating expenses	63,667			12,165			37,856			22,134
Income (Loss) from operations	2,560			(6,565		)	(18,757		)	(8,455		)
Interest income	25			1			31			3
Interest expense	(11		)	(1		)	(8		)	(309		)
Amortization of deferred financing costs	—			—			—			(96		)
Amortization of debt discount	—			—			—			(1,091		)
Net proceeds from arbitration	—			—			—			4,050
Change in value of warrant liability	—			—			(573		)	(1,052		)
Other income	—			—			35			3
Total other income/(expense)	14			—			(515		)	1,508
Income (Loss) before income tax benefit	2,574			(6,565		)	(19,272		)	(6,947		)
Income tax (provision) benefit	(3		)	1,059			1,295			899
Net Income (Loss)	$	2,571		$	(5,506	)	$	(17,977	)	$	(6,048	)
Less dividends on Series A, B, B-1 and C Convertible Preferred Stock	—			—			(1,666		)	(3,837		)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	2,571		$	(5,506	)	$	(19,643	)	$	(9,885	)
Earnings per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.17		$	(0.39	)	$	(1.97	)	$	(3.25	)
Diluted	$	0.16		$	(0.39	)	$	(1.97	)	$	(3.25	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	15,250,154			14,032,828			9,955,937			3,044,308
Diluted	16,253,781			14,032,828			9,955,937			3,044,308

See accompanying notes to financial statements

F- 4

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(In thousands)



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
	Number of Shares	Amount	Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Balance at October 1, 2012	1,653	2	2,102		(95,537	)	(93,433	)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—	317		—		317
Conversion of Series A preferred to common stock	825	1	5,135		—		5,136
Conversion of Series B preferred to common stock	524	—	6,111		—		6,111
Conversion of Series B-1 preferred to common stock	46	—	539		—		539
Net loss	—	—	—		(6,048	)	(6,048	)
Dividends on Convertible Preferred Stock	—	—	—		(3,837	)	(3,837	)
Forfeitures of dividends on Convertible Preferred Stock	—	—	—		3,286		3,286
Balance at September 30, 2013	3,048	3	14,204		(102,136	)	(87,929	)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—	606		—		606
Issuance of common stock in connection with initial public offering, including underwriter's over-allotment, net of offering costs and underwriter's discount	3,450	3	46,045		—		46,048
Conversion of Series A Preferred Stock (including accumulated dividends) to common stock in connection with initial public offering	2,332	3	20,374		—		20,377
Conversion of Series B Preferred Stock (including accumulated dividends) to common stock in connection with initial public offering	1,980	2	30,610		—		30,612
Conversion of Series B-1 Preferred Stock (including accumulated dividends) to common stock in connection with initial public offering	1,456	1	19,755		—		19,756
Conversion of Series C Preferred Stock (including accumulated dividends) to common stock in connection with initial public offering	1,720	2	20,901		—		20,903
Conversion of Redeemable Series C Preferred Stock warrants to common stock in connection with initial public offering	32	—	2,280		—		2,280
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of Redeemable Series C Preferred Stock warrants	2	—	21		—		21
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock option grants	12	—	65		—		65
Dividends on Convertible Preferred Stock and forfeitures of dividends on conversion to common	—	—	(17,602	)	17,602		—
Net loss	—	—	—		(17,977	)	(17,977	)
Dividends on Convertible Preferred Stock	—	—	—		(1,666	)	(1,666	)
Balance at September 30, 2014	14,032	14	137,259		(104,177	)	33,096
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—	284		—		284

See accompanying notes to financial statements

F- 5

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(In thousands)



Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock option grants	5	—	34	—		34
Net loss	—	—	—	(5,506	)	(5,506	)
Balance at December 31, 2014	14,037	14	137,577	(109,683	)	27,908
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—	4,051			4,051
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options grants	211	—	1,482			1,482
Issuance of common stock in connection with follow-on public offering, including underwriter's over-allotment, net of offering costs and underwriter's discount	1,389	1	54,330	—		54,331
Net income	—	—	—	2,571		2,571
Balance at December 31, 2015	15,637	15	197,440	(107,112	)	90,343

See accompanying notes to financial statements

F- 6

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)



	Year Ended December 31,			Three Months Ended December 31,			Year Ended September 30,			Year Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2014			2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	2,571		$	(5,506	)	$	(17,977	)	$	(6,048	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	112			13			104			135
Stock-based compensation	4,051			284			606			317
Non-cash interest expense	—			—			—			309
Amortization of deferred financing costs	—			—			—			96
Amortization of debt discount	—			—			—			1,091
Change in fair value of warrant liability	—			—			573			1,052
Loss on disposal of fixed assets	273			—			—			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) in accounts receivable	(14,311		)	(4,660		)	(2,172		)	(3,543		)
(Increase) decrease in inventories	(13,800		)	52			(1,294		)	87
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets	(225		)	71			192			(1,368		)
(Increase) decrease in other assets	(98		)	—			1			30
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	356			(558		)	2,867			(251		)
(Decrease) increase in deferred revenue	(520		)	(65		)	(3,435		)	520
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities	11,873			2,494			6,692			1,694
Net cash used in operating activities	(9,718		)	(7,875		)	(13,843		)	(5,879		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(1,881		)	(11		)	(46		)	(41		)
Purchase of short term investments	(105,999		)	—			(19,999		)	—
Maturities of short term investments	105,999			19,999			—			1,500
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(1,881		)	19,988			(20,045		)	1,459
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Series C preferred stock, net of offering costs of $160	—			—			—			9,829
Deferred IPO costs	—			—			—			(20		)
Series C preferred stock offering costs	—			—			(1		)	—
Proceeds from exercise of preferred stock warrants	—			—			21			—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from initial public offering, net of issuance costs	—			—			46,069			—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from follow-on public offering, net of issuance costs	54,331			—			—			—
Proceeds from common stock option exercise	1,482			34			65			—
Net cash provided by financing activities	55,813			34			46,154			9,809
Net increase in cash	44,214			12,147			12,266			5,389
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	34,869			22,722			10,456			5,067
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	79,083		$	34,869		$	22,722		$	10,456

See accompanying notes to financial statements

F- 7

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)



	Year Ended December 31,			Three Months Ended December 31,			Year Ended September 30,			Year Ended September 30,
	2015			2014			2014			2013
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	(11	)	$	(1	)	$	(8	)	$	—
Financing costs	—			—			—			20
Corporate taxes	482			—			—			—
Franchise taxes	91			—			9			20
Non-cash operating activities
Landlord contribution to leasehold improvements recorded as deferred rent	367			—			—			—
Non-cash financing activities
Conversion of note payable to Preferred Stock	—			—			—			10,062
Conversion of preferred stock and accrued dividends to Common stock	—			—			91,648			15,623
Accrued IPO costs	—			—			—			152
Conversion of redeemable warrant liability to Common stock	—			—			2,280			—

See accompanying notes to financial statements

F- 8

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

For the year ended December 31, 2015 (fiscal 2015), the 3 months ended December 31, 2014 (transition period), the year ended September 30, 2014 (fiscal 2014) and the year ended September 30, 2013 (fiscal 2013).

1. Organization and Business Activities

Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the Company, or Eagle) is a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing injectable products, primarily in the critical care and oncology areas, using the Food and Drug Administration's ("FDA's") 505(b)(2) NDA regulatory pathway. The Company's business model is to develop proprietary innovations to FDA-approved, injectable drugs, referred to as branded reference drugs, that offer favorable attributes to patients and healthcare providers. The Company has five products currently being sold in the United States under various license agreements in place with commercial partners, including a ready-to-use formulation of Argatroban, Ryanodex^®, Diclofenac-misoprostol, launched in January 2015, and Docetaxel Injection non-alcohol formula and Bendeka^®, each launched in January 2016. The Company has a number of products currently under development and certain products may be subject to license agreements.

On February 18, 2014, the Company closed its initial public offering (the "IPO") whereby the Company sold 3,350,000 shares of common stock, at a public offering price of $15.00 per share, before underwriting discounts and expenses. On March 18, 2014, the underwriters exercised an over-allotment option granted in connection with the offering of 100,000 shares of common stock at the initial public offering price, less the underwriter discount. The aggregate net proceeds received by the Company from the offering were $46,069. Included in this amount is $21 received from the exercise of Series C preferred stock warrants for 1,788 shares of common stock.

In connection with the IPO, the Company's board of directors approved a one-for-6.41 reverse stock split of the Company's common stock (that resulted in a proportional adjustment to the conversion ratio of the preferred stock warrants). All references to common stock, common stock equivalents and per share amounts have been changed retroactively in these condensed financial statements and accompanying footnotes have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to give effect to this reverse stock split, including reclassifying an equal amount to the reduction in par value of common stock to additional paid-in capital.

On the IPO closing date, all outstanding shares of preferred stock converted into 7,487,928 shares of common stock and the outstanding warrants were net exercised for 32,286 shares common stock at the initial public offering price. These transactions produced a significant increase in the number of shares outstanding which will impact the year-over-year comparability of the Company’s (loss) earnings per share calculations. Additionally, in connection with the closing of the IPO, the Company amended and restated its articles of incorporation to decrease the number of authorized shares of common and undesignated preferred stock to 50,000,000 and 1,500,000, respectively.

On January 20, 2015, the board of directors of the Company authorized a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from September 30^th to December 31^st. The change was intended to better align the Company’s fiscal year with the business cycles of other specialty pharmaceutical companies. As a result of the change in fiscal year, the Company’s 2015 fiscal year began on January 1, 2015 and ended on December 31, 2015.

As a result of the change in fiscal year, on February 17, 2015 the Company filed a Transition Report on Form 10-Q covering the transition period from October 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014.

On February 13, 2015, the Company submitted an NDA to the FDA for EP-3102 bendamustine rapid infusion product which was approved by the FDA on December, 8 2015. Also, on February 13, 2015, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “Cephalon License”) with Cephalon, Inc. ("Cephalon"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. ("Teva"), for U.S. and Canadian rights to bendamustine rapid infusion product for treatment of patients with CLL and patients with NHL. Pursuant to the terms of the Cephalon License, Cephalon will be responsible for all U.S. commercial activities for the product including promotion and distribution, and the Company is responsible for obtaining and maintaining all regulatory approvals and conducting post-approval clinical studies. Additionally, under the terms of the Cephalon License, the Company received an upfront cash payment of $30 million, received a $15 million milestone in January 2016, related to the FDA approval of Bendeka in December 2015 and is currently eligible to receive up to $65 million in additional milestone payments. In addition, the Company is entitled to receive royalty payments of 20% of net sales of the product. In connection with the Cephalon License, the Company has entered into a supply agreement with Cephalon, pursuant to which the Company is responsible for supplying product to Cephalon for a specified period.

On March 20, 2015, the Company completed an underwritten public offering (the "Follow-on Offering") of 1,518,317 shares of common stock, including the exercise by the underwriters of a 30-day option to purchase an additional 198,041 shares of common

F- 9

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

stock. Of the shares sold, 1,388,517 shares were issued and offered by the Company and 129,800 shares were offered by certain selling stockholders. All of the shares were offered at a price to the public of $42.00 per share. The net proceeds to Eagle from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by Eagle, were approximately $54,331. Eagle did not receive any proceeds from the shares sold by the selling stockholders. The securities described above were offered pursuant to a shelf registration statement declared effective by the Securities Exchange Commission on March 13, 2015.

On October 13, 2015, the Company entered into an exclusive U.S. licensing agreement with Teikoku Pharma USA, Inc. ("Teikoku") to market, sell and distribute Docetaxel Injection Concentrate, Non-Alcohol Formula, an investigational product intended for the treatment of breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and head and neck cancer. The NDA for Docetaxel Injection for these indications was approved by the FDA on December 22, 2015. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid an upfront cash payment upon executing the agreement which was expensed and is included in research and development expense and an additional payment of $4,850 upon FDA approval and NDA transfer to Eagle, which occurred in January 2016, and 20% royalties on gross profits.

2. Transition Period

On January 20, 2015, the board of directors of the Company authorized a change in the Company’s fiscal year end from September 30^th to December 31^st. Accordingly, the Company is presenting audited financial statements for the 3 month period ended December 31, 2014. The following table provides certain unaudited comparative financial information for the same period of the prior year.



	Three Months Ended December 31,
	2014			2013
				(unaudited)
Revenue:
Product sales	$	1,506		$	2,224
Royalty income	4,094			3,268
Total revenue	5,600			5,492
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue	4,489			4,624
Research and development	3,986			2,589
Selling, general and administrative	3,690			1,344
Total operating expenses	12,165			8,557
Loss from operations	(6,565		)	(3,065		)
Interest income	1			1
Interest expense	(1		)	—
Change in value of warrant liability	—			(191		)
Total other (expense)	—			(190		)
Loss before income tax benefit	(6,565		)	(3,255		)
Income tax benefit	1,059			—
Net Loss	$	(5,506	)	$	(3,255	)
Less dividends on Series A, B, B-1 and C Convertible Preferred Stock	—			(1,132		)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(5,506	)	$	(4,387	)
Loss per share attributable to common stockholders Basic and diluted	$	(0.39	)	$	(1.44	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding Basic and diluted	14,032,828			3,048,131

F- 10

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

These financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed financial statements including disclosure of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and accompanying notes. The Company's critical accounting policies are those that are both most important to the Company's financial condition and results of operations and require the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments on the part of management in their application, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Because of the uncertainty of factors surrounding the estimates or judgments used in the preparation of the financial statements, actual results may materially vary from these estimates.

Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted

We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of the new standard on our financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform with the current year presentation.

F- 11

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. All cash and cash equivalents are held in United States financial institutions. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates its fair value due to its short-term nature.

The Company, at times, maintains balances with financial institutions in excess of the FDIC limit.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company's financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short term maturities.

Short Term Investments

Investments consisted of U.S. Treasury securities that have an original maturity of greater than three months and typically less than 180 days. The Company's investments were classified as Level 1 and available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value, based upon quoted market prices. No gains or losses on investments are realized until the sale occurs or a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary. If a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis in the investment is established.

Fair Value Measurements

U.S. GAAP establishes a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes the following fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value:


•	Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


•	Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.


•	Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The fair value of interest-bearing cash and cash equivalents and short term investments are classified as Level 1 for all periods presented.

The Company is required by U.S. GAAP to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis.

The guidance in ASC 815 required that the Company mark the value of its warrant liability to market and recognize the change in valuation in its statement of operations each reporting period. Determining the warrant liability to be recorded required the Company to develop estimates to be used in calculating the fair value of the warrant.

Since these preferred stock warrants did not trade in an active securities market, the Company recognized a warrant liability and estimated the fair value of these warrants using a Probability-Weighted Expected Returns valuation model. Therefore, the warrant liability was considered a Level 3 measurement. All warrants outstanding immediately prior to the IPO were net exercised in connection with the initial public offering. There were no outstanding warrants as of December 31, 2015.

Concentration of Major Customers and Vendors

The Company is dependent on commercial partners to market and sell Argatroban. The Company's customers for Argatroban are its commercial and licensing partners, therefore, the Company's future revenues are highly dependent on these collaboration and distribution arrangements. The Company received a $30 million upfront payment during February 2015 and earned a $15 million

F- 12

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

milestone payment received in January 2016 upon product approval in December 2015 under the terms of the Cephalon License- See "revenue recognition" below for more detail.

The total revenues and accounts receivables broken down by major customers as a percentage of the total are as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,		Three Months Ended December 31,		Year Ended September 30,		Year Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2014		2013
Net product sales, royalty and license revenues
The Medicines Company	14	%	36	%	45	%	54	%
Sandoz, Inc.	5	%	55	%	53	%	46	%
Cephalon, Inc. (Teva) - See Revenue Recognition	68	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Other	13	%	9	%	2	%	—	%
	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%



	December 31,		December 31,		September 31,
	2015		2014		2014
Accounts receivable
The Medicines Company	35	%	61	%	75	%
Sandoz, Inc.	—	%	35	%	18	%
Cephalon, Inc. (Teva) - See Revenue Recognition	57	%	—	%	—	%
Other	8	%	4	%	7	%
	100	%	100	%	100	%

Currently, for argatroban, the Company uses one vendor as its sole source supplier. Because of the unique equipment and process for manufacturing argatroban, transferring manufacturing activities for argatroban to an alternate supplier would be a time consuming and costly endeavor, and there are only a limited number of manufacturers that are capable of performing this function for the Company. Our partner, Sandoz, Inc. experienced unusually high historical returns compared to their estimates in December 2015, which have decreased accounts receivable and royalty revenue by $2.9 million.

Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2015 includes a $15 million receivable related to the approval of EP-3102 Bendeka milestone from Teva Pharmaceuticals.

Pre-Launch Inventory

The Company capitalizes inventory costs associated with certain products prior to regulatory approval and product launch, based on management's judgment of reasonably certain future commercial use and net realizable value, when it is reasonably certain that the pre-launch inventories will be saleable. The determination to capitalize is made once the Company (or its third party development partners) has filed a New Drug Application (an "NDA") that has been acknowledged by the FDA as containing sufficient information to allow the FDA to conduct its review in an efficient and timely manner and management is reasonably certain that all regulatory and legal hurdles will be cleared. This determination is based on the particular facts and circumstances relating to the expected FDA approval of the drug product being considered, and accordingly, the time frame within which the determination is made varies from product to product. The Company may be required to write down previously capitalized costs related to pre-launch inventories upon a change in such judgment, or due to a denial or delay of approval by regulatory bodies, or a delay in commercialization, or other potential factors.

Inventory

Inventories, which consist of finished products, are recorded at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company periodically reviews the composition of inventory in order to identify obsolete, slow-moving or

F- 13

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

otherwise non-saleable items. If non-saleable items are observed and there are no alternate uses for the inventory, the Company will record a write-down to net realizable value in the period that the decline in value is first recognized. In most instances, inventory is shipped from the Company's vendor directly to the Company's customers.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the assets utilizing the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are being amortized over the shorter of their useful lives or the lease term.

Research and Development Expense

Costs incurred for research and product development, including costs incurred for technology in the development stage, are expensed as incurred. Clinical study costs are accrued over the service periods specified in the contracts and adjusted as necessary based upon an ongoing review of the level of effort and costs actually incurred. Advance payments for goods or services that will be used for future research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. Such amounts are recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or services performed.

Deferred Financing Costs

Prior to the initial public offering, costs relating to obtaining Convertible Notes were capitalized and amortized over the term of the related debt using the straight line method. Amortization of deferred financing costs charged to interest expense was $0, $0, $0, and $96 for fiscal 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively. The unamortized balance as of December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2014 was $0.

Advertising and Marketing

Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising and marketing costs were $4,752, $1,556, $2,506 and $0 for fiscal 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

The carrying value of redeemable convertible preferred stock was increased by periodic accretions, using the interest method so that the carrying amount would equal the redemption amount at the earliest redemption date.

Accounting for Income Taxes

The Company accounts for deferred taxes using the asset and liability method as specified by ASC 740, Income Taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial statement reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income taxes are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are anticipated to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred income tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits which are not expected to be realized. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted.

The Company received approval to sell a portion of the Company's New Jersey net operating losses ("NOL's") as part of the Technology Business Tax Certificate Program sponsored by The New Jersey Economic Development Authority. Under the program, emerging biotechnology firms with unused net operating loss carryovers and unused research and development credits are allowed to sell these benefits to other firms.

F- 14

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

During the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013, the Company sold New Jersey state NOL carry forwards, which resulted in the recognition of $1,059, $1,295, and $899 in tax benefits, respectively.

During fiscal 2015, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $3 based upon its estimated federal AMT and state tax liability.

Revenue Recognition

Product revenue — The Company recognizes net revenue from Argatroban supplied to its commercial partners and Ryanodex^® and Diclofenac-misoprostol supplied to the end user, when the following four basic revenue recognition criteria under the related accounting guidance are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Prior to the shipment of manufactured products, the Company conducts initial product release and stability testing in accordance with cGMP. The Company's commercial partners can return the products within contracted specified timeframes if the products do not meet the applicable inspection tests. The Company estimates its return reserves based on its experience with historical return rates. Historically, product returns have not been material. The Company has a no return policy for Ryanodex^®.

Revenues from product sales to end users are recorded net of provisions for estimated chargebacks, rebates, returns (if applicable), prompt pay discounts and other deductions, such as shelf stock adjustments, which can be reasonably estimated. When sales provisions are not considered reasonably estimable by Eagle, the revenue is deferred to a future period when more information is available to evaluate the impact.

Royalties — The Company recognizes revenue from royalties based on its commercial partners' net sales of products. Royalties are recognized as earned in accordance with contract terms when they can be reasonably estimated and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company's commercial partners are obligated to report their net product sales and the resulting royalty due to the Company within 60 days from the end of each quarter. Based on historical product sales, royalty receipts and other relevant information, the Company accrues royalty revenue each quarter and subsequently determines a true-up when it receives royalty reports from its commercial partners. Historically, these true-up adjustments have been immaterial.

License revenue — The Company analyzes each element of our licensing agreements to determine the appropriate revenue recognition. The terms of the license agreement may include payment to us of non-refundable up-front license fees, milestone payments if specified objectives are achieved, and/or royalties on product sales. The Company recognizes revenue from upfront payments over the period of significant involvement under the related agreements unless the fee is in exchange for products delivered or services rendered that represent the culmination of a separate earnings process and no further performance obligation exists under the contract.

When a sale combines multiple elements upon performance of multiple services, the Company allocates revenue for transactions that include multiple elements to each unit of accounting based on its relative selling price, and recognizes revenue for each unit of accounting when the revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company follows the selling price hierarchy as outlined in the guidance Revenue Recognition (ASC Topic 605) - Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements. The guidance provides a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), (ii) third-party evidence (“TPE”) if available and when VSOE is not available, and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. The Company uses BESP to determine the standalone selling price for such deliverables. The Company has an established process for developing BESP, which incorporates, pricing practices, historical selling prices, the effect of market conditions as well as entity-specific factors. Estimated selling price is monitored and evaluated on a regular basis to ensure that changes in circumstances are accounted for in a timely manner.

The Company recognizes milestone payments as revenue upon the achievement of specified milestones only if (1) the milestone payment is non-refundable, (2) substantive effort is involved in achieving the milestone, (3) the amount of the milestone is reasonable in relation to the effort expended or the risk associated with achievement of the milestone, and (4) the milestone is at risk for both parties. If any of these conditions are not met, we defer the milestone payment and recognize it as revenue over the estimated period of performance under the contract.

As described above, under the terms of the Cephalon License, the Company received an upfront cash payment of $30 million, earned a milestone payment of $15 million and is eligible to receive up to $65 million in additional milestone payments. The $30

F- 15

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

million upfront payment was allocated between the license issued to Cephalon and obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals and conducting post-approval clinical studies using the Company’s best estimate of selling price for each deliverable. The full $30 million was recognized as income in February 2015, as the Company substantially completed its requirements for obtaining regulatory approval, which consisted of filing the New Drug Application on February 13, 2015, and the remaining obligations were estimated to require minimal effort. On December 8, 2015, the FDA approved Bendeka^TM (50 mL bendamustine hydrochloride) marking the achievement of a milestone which entitled the Company to receive a $15 million payment. The remaining milestones, if achieved, will be recognized in the period earned.

In addition, the Company is entitled to receive royalty payments equal to 20% of net sales of the product, if approved by the FDA. In connection with the Cephalon License, the Company agreed to enter into a supply agreement with Cephalon, pursuant to which the Company will be responsible for supplying product to Cephalon for a specified period.

Collaborative licensing and development revenue — The Company recognizes revenue from reimbursements received in connection with feasibility studies and development work for third parties when its contractual services are performed, provided collectability is reasonably assured. Its principal costs under these agreements include its personnel conducting research and development, and its allocated overhead, as well as the research and development performed by outside contractors or consultants.

Upon termination of a collaboration agreement, any remaining non-refundable license fees received by the Company, which had been deferred, are generally recognized in full. All such recognized revenues are included in collaborative licensing and development revenue in its statements of operations. The Company recognizes revenue from milestone payments received under collaboration agreements when earned, provided that the milestone event is substantive, its achievability was not reasonably assured at the inception of the agreement, the Company has no further performance obligations relating to the event, and collectability is reasonably assured. If these criteria are not met, the Company recognizes milestone payments ratably over the remaining period of its performance obligations under the collaboration agreement.

See Note 11 regarding Asset Sales related to Other Income of $3,500 recognized in June 2014.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation using the fair value provisions of ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation that requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for costs related to all stock-based payments including stock options and restricted stock. This topic requires companies to estimate the fair value of the stock-based awards on the date of grant for options issued to employees and directors. The Company uses a Black-Scholes valuation model as the most appropriate valuation method for pricing these options. Awards for consultants are accounted for under ASC 505-50, Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees. Any compensation expense related to consultants is marked-to-market over the applicable vesting period as they vest. There are customary limitations on the sale or transfer of the stock.

The fair value of stock options granted to employees, directors, and consultants is estimated using the following assumptions:



	Year Ended December 31,	Three Months Ended December 31,	Year Ended September 30,	Year Ended September 30,
	2015	2014	2014	2013
Risk-free interest rate	1.42% - 2.09%	2.11% - 2.16%	1.77% - 2.16%	.95% - 2.53%
Volatility	28.4% - 32.9%	39.45%	33.64% - 64.00%	64.00%
Expected term (in years)	5.5-7.0 years	6.59 - 10.00 years	6.07 - 9.39 years	6.07 - 10.00 years
Expected dividend yield	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%

The risk-free rate assumption was based on U.S. Treasury instruments whose term was consistent with the expected term of the stock options. The expected stock price volatility was determined by examining the historical volatilities for industry peers as the Company did not have sufficient trading history for its common stock. Industry peers consist of those companies in the pharmaceutical industry similar in size, stage of life-cycle and financial leverage. The expected term of stock options represents the average of the vesting period and the contractual life of the option for employees and the life of the option for consultants. The

F- 16

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

expected dividend assumption is based on the Company's history and expectation of future dividend payouts. Changes in the estimated forfeiture rates are reflected prospectively.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in a manner similar to the basic earnings (loss) per share, except that the weighted-average number of shares outstanding is increased to include all common shares, including those with the potential to be issued by virtue of warrants, options, convertible debt and other such convertible instruments. Diluted earnings per share contemplate a complete conversion to common shares of all convertible instruments only if they are dilutive in nature with regards to earnings per share.

The anti-dilutive common shares equivalents outstanding at December 31, 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013 were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,	Three Months Ended December 31,	Year Ended September 30,	Year Ended September 30,
	2015	2014	2014	2013
Series A	—	—	888,099	2,332,059
Series B	—	—	754,191	1,980,429
Series B-1	—	—	554,382	1,455,750
Series C	—	—	654,896	1,719,690
Series C warrants	—	—	56,078	147,254
Options	96,610	1,302,685	963,495	813,529
Total	96,610	1,302,685	3,871,141	8,448,711

The following table sets forth the computation for basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for December 31, 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013:



	Year Ended December 31,		Three Months Ended December 31,			Year Ended September 30,			Year Ended September 30,
	2015		2014			2014			2013
Numerator
Numerator for basic earnings per share-net income (loss)	$	2,571	$	(5,506	)	$	(19,643	)	$	(9,885	)
Numerator for diluted earnings per share-net income (loss)	$	2,571	$	(5,506	)	$	(19,643	)	$	(9,885	)
Denominator
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	15,250,154		14,032,828			9,955,937			3,044,308
Dilutive effect of stock options	1,003,627		—			—			—
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	16,253,781		14,032,828			9,955,937			3,044,308
Basic net income (loss) per share
Basic net income (loss) per share	$	0.17	$	(0.39	)	$	(1.97	)	$	(3.25	)
Diluted net income (loss) per share
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	0.16	$	(0.39	)	$	(1.97	)	$	(3.25	)

F- 17

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

4. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:



	December 31,		December 31,		September 30,
	2015		2014		2014
Raw material	$	8,687	$	—	$	—
Work in process	6,044		—		—
Finished products	311		1,242		1,294
	$	15,042	$	1,242	$	1,294

5. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment at consist of the following:



	December 31,			December 31,			September 30,			Estimated Useful Life (years)
	2015			2014			2014			Estimated Useful Life (years)
Furniture and equipment	$	582		$	297		$	297		7
Office equipment	328			204			193			3
Equipment	1,182			594			593			7
Leasehold improvements	978			41			41			2
	3,070			1,136			1,124
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(865		)	(794		)	(780		)
Property and equipment, net	$	2,205		$	342		$	344

Depreciation and amortization expense amounted to $112, $13, $104, and $135 for fiscal 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014, and fiscal 2013, respectively.

6. Balance Sheet Accounts

Prepaid and Other Current Assets

Prepaid and other current assets consist of the following:



	December 31,		December 31,		September 30,
	2015		2014		2014
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid product costs	$	85	$	1,020	$	840
Prepaid FDA user fee	551		148		197
Prepaid insurance	218		183		345
Prepaid research and development	283		—		—
Prepaid income taxes	508		—		—
All other	220		289		329
Total Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1,865	$	1,640	$	1,711

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:



	December 31,		December 31,		September 30,
	2015		2014		2014
Accrued expenses
Royalties due to The Medicines Company	$	6,948	$	5,880	$	4,707
Royalties due to SciDose	1,637		2,308		1,050
Royalties due to Sandoz, Inc.	1,249		—		—
Accrued research & development	1,784		1,307		1,498
Accrued professional fees	792		502		591
Accrued salary and other compensation	2,242		1,025		890
Accrued product costs	9,232		839		490
Deferred rent	521		—		—
All other	—		304		445
Total Accrued expenses	$	24,405	$	12,165	$	9,671

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of the following:



	December 31,		December 31,		September 30,
	2015		2014		2014
Deferred revenue
The Medicines Company	$	—	$	520	$	585
Deferred Revenue for ongoing business	—		520		585
Par Pharmaceuticals Companies, Inc.	5,500		5,500		5,500
Par Pharmaceuticals Companies, Inc./Tech Transfer	500		500		500
Deferred Revenue from Asset Sales (See Note 12)	6,000		6,000		6,000
Total Deferred revenue	$	6,000	$	6,520	$	6,585

7. Notes Payable

Convertible Notes

The Company entered into a Convertible Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement (the "Convertible Note Agreements"), pursuant to which it issued $9,663 of Convertible Notes (the "Convertible Notes") to existing preferred stockholders. The loan funding was completed in two tranches on August 2, 2012 and September 26, 2012, respectively. Holders of the Convertible Notes were entitled to cumulative interest at an annual rate of 6%. Such interest accrued daily and was cumulative from the respective date. In addition, the holders received warrants to purchase preferred stock, which accrued at a monthly rate of 2% of the principal amount until the completion of a Qualified Financing, as defined in the Convertible Note Agreement, or August 1, 2013, whichever was sooner.

The Convertible Notes and associated accrued interest were due and payable on August 1, 2013, unless the Convertible Notes converted earlier. Conversion could occur, upon certain triggering events or the holder elects to convert. Principal and interest accrued shall convert into shares of preferred stock: a) upon the attainment of a Qualified Financing, or b) on August 1, 2013, whichever is sooner. Upon conversion pursuant to (a), the aggregate amount converted will be divided by the offering price of the Qualified Financing to arrive at the amount of preferred stock that will be issued. Upon conversion pursuant to (b), the aggregate amount converted will be divided by $1.82 to arrive at the amount of preferred stock that will be issued.

F- 19

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The Series C Preferred Share financing (See Note 8) represented a Qualified Financing whereby the Convertible Notes for those participating investors converted to Series C Preferred Shares.

The Convertible Notes agreement was structured such that a portion of the shares of the Company's Series A preferred stock, Series B preferred stock and Series B-1 preferred stock, collectively the "Special Conversion Preferred", held by a holder, that did not participate in the financing to the full extent of its pro-rata share of preferred stock ownership (a "Non-Fully Participating Holder"), was converted into shares of the Company's Common Stock, and any dividends accumulated to date were forfeited.

The option for existing preferred stockholders to participate in the Convertible Notes expired on October 1, 2012. On October 2, 2012, 8,943,447 shares of preferred stock held by Non-Fully Participating Holders were converted into 1,395,226 shares of Common Stock.

Warrants

Prior to the initial public offering, the Company accounted for the warrants as liability instruments. The Company estimated the initial fair value of the 944,210 warrants to be $655 using a Probability-Weighted Expected Returns valuation model. At each reporting period, any changes to the fair value of the warrants were recorded in the statements of operations. As of December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2014, there were no warrants outstanding to purchase shares of common stock.

The valuation model considered three scenarios. Two of the scenarios assumed a stockholder exit, either through sale, or dissolution. The third scenario assumed operations continue as a private company and no exit transaction occurred. The following assumptions were used in the valuation: exercise price of $1.82; implied stock price of $1.82; expected volatility of 64%; expected dividend rate of 6%; risk free interest rate of 0.83% and expiration date of six years.

The following was a description of the key terms of the warrants per the warrant purchase agreement:


•	Exercise period — Exercisable, in whole or in part, during the six year term commencing on the earliest to occur of: (a) the consummation of a Qualified Financing, (b) immediately prior to the consummation of a Change of Control (but subject to and contingent upon such consummation of a Change of Control) and (c) the date one year after the Initial Closing or August 1, 2013.


•	Exercise Price — The purchase price for the Warrant Shares issuable was: (a) $1.82, or (b) the offering price of a Qualified Financing should this occur prior to August 1, 2013.


•	No Rights as Stockholders — Prior to the exercise of the warrants, no holder of warrants (solely in its capacity as a holder of warrants) is entitled to any rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote, receive notice of any meeting of stockholders or receive dividends, allotments or other distributions.

In February 2014, proceeds in the amount of $21 were received from the exercise of Series C preferred stock warrants for 1,788 common shares. In addition, Redeemable Series C preferred stock warrants were net exercised for 32,286 shares common stock upon the closing of the initial public offering.

Warrant Liability

On February 18, 2014, the initial public offering date, the estimated fair value of the Convertible Note warrant liability was $2,280 which resulted in a charge to other income and expense of $383. The change in the value of the warrant liability was $0, $0, $573 and $1,052 for fiscal 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of September 30, 2013, the estimated fair value of the Convertible Note warrant liability was $1,707 which resulted in a charge to other income and expense of $1,052 for the year ended September 30, 2013. Upon the completion of the qualified offering, the warrants became exercisable into Series C Preferred Shares. The increase in the fair value of the warrant liability is primarily attributable to the liquidation preference of the Series C Preferred Shares to receive 2 times the original investment upon a liquidation event under certain circumstances.

Debt Discount

In connection with the Convertible Notes described above and as a result of the warrants issued with the Convertible Notes, the Company determined that a discount to the debt should be recorded in the amount of $655, representing its fair value and recorded as a discount to the debt instrument and amortized over the life of the instrument. The amount recorded as interest expense during fiscal 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013 was $0, $0, $0, and $545, respectively. Due to the conversion of the

F- 20

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Convertible Notes to preferred stock, the balance of the unamortized debt discount was written off during the year ended September 30, 2013, resulting in interest expense of $545.

Beneficial Conversion Feature

A convertible financial instrument includes a beneficial conversion feature if the effective conversion price is less than the Company's market price of preferred stock on the commitment date. The effective price paid for a share is the amount allocated to the convertible instrument, divided by the number of shares the holder is entitled to upon conversion. If the convertible financial instrument is issued with warrants and/or other detachable instruments, the amount allocated to the convertible instrument is the face amount less the allocation to the detachable instruments.

In connection with the Convertible Notes described above and as a result of the warrants issued with the Convertible Notes, the Company determined that the conversion rate represented a beneficial conversion feature. Accordingly, a discount on the notes was recorded in the amount of $655. The discount was amortized ratably with a corresponding non-cash charge to interest expense. The amount recorded as interest expense during fiscal 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013 was approximately $0, $0, $0, and $545, respectively. Due to the conversion of the Convertible Notes to preferred stock, the balance of the unamortized beneficial conversion feature was written off during the year ended September 30, 2013, resulting in interest expense of $545.

8. Shares Subject to Redemption — Convertible Preferred Stock

Series A Convertible preferred stock

On March 8, 2007, the Company issued 20,237,911 shares of Series A Convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001 (the "Series A preferred stock"). The outstanding shares of the Series A preferred stock (as amended in connection with the issuance of the Series B preferred stock) is redeemable after August 11, 2013 at a redemption price per share equal to the Original Issue Price of $0.971 per share plus accrued but unpaid dividends (see "Redemption" below). The outstanding Series A convertible preferred stock converted into 2,332,051 shares of common stock upon the closing of the initial public offering. The outstanding shares of the Series A preferred stock were recorded at their estimated fair value of $19,651 which equaled the sale price on the date of issuance. The amount was adjusted for net offering costs of $180. The fair value of the Series A preferred stock had been increased through periodic accretions using the interest method for dividends (see "Preferred Stock Dividends" below) so that the carrying value equals the redemption amount on the redemption date. Accumulated dividends on the Series A preferred stock as of fiscal 2015, the transition period, and fiscal 2014 was $0. The liquidation value of the Series A preferred stock was $0 as of fiscal 2015, the transition period, and fiscal 2014. The accumulated dividend through the closing date of the initial public offering on February 18, 2014 of the Series A preferred stock was $97.

Series B Convertible Preferred Stock

On August 11, 2008, the Company issued 16,052,343 shares of Series B Convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001 (the "Series B preferred stock"). The Series B preferred stock is redeemable as described above for the Series A preferred stock at a redemption price per share equal to the Original Issue Price of $1.82 per share plus accrued but unpaid dividends (see "Redemption" below). The outstanding Series B convertible preferred stock converted into 1,980,431 shares of common stock upon the closing of the initial public offering. The outstanding shares of the Series B preferred stock were recorded at their estimated fair value of $29,215, which equaled the sale price on the date of issuance. The amount was adjusted for net offering costs of $126. The fair value of the Series B preferred stock had been increased through periodic accretions using the interest method so that the carrying value equals the redemption amount on the redemption date. Accumulated dividends on redeemable shares as of fiscal 2015, the transition period, and fiscal 2014 was $0. The liquidation value of the Series B preferred stock was $0 as of fiscal 2015, the transition period, and fiscal 2014. The accumulated dividend through the closing date of the initial public offering on February 18, 2014 was $173.

Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company consummated an offering of Series B-1 Convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001 (the "Series B-1 Preferred Stock") to its existing investors in two stages in February 2011 and July 2011. The Company issued an aggregate of 10,177,085 shares of Series B-1 preferred stock. The Series B-1 preferred stock is redeemable at a redemption price per share equal to the Original Issue Price of $1.82 per share plus accrued but unpaid dividends (see "Redemption" below). The outstanding series B-1 convertible preferred stock converted into 1,455,753 shares of common stock upon the closing of the initial public offering. The outstanding shares of the Series B-1 preferred stock were recorded at their estimated fair value of $17,522 which equaled the sale price on the date of issuance. The amount was adjusted for net offering costs of $144. On August 2, 2012, the Company entered

F- 21

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

into a Payoff and Exchange Agreement with an Officer/Director. The Company accepted a total of 549,451 shares of Series B-1 preferred stock in exchange for satisfaction of the principal amount of debt. The total number of outstanding shares of Series B-1 preferred stock was 9,331,374 as of September 30, 2013. The fair value of the Series B preferred stock had been increased through periodic accretions using the interest method so that the carrying value equals the redemption amount on the redemption date. Accumulated dividends on redeemable shares was $0 as of fiscal 2015, the transition period, and fiscal 2014. The liquidation value of the Series B-1 preferred stock was $0 as of fiscal 2015, the transition period, and fiscal 2014. The accumulated dividend through the closing date of the initial public offering on February 18, 2014 of the Series B-1 preferred stock was $125.

Series C Convertible Preferred Stock

The Company consummated an offering of Series C Convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001 (the "Series C preferred stock") on April 11, 2013. The Company issued an aggregate of 11,023,232 shares of Series C preferred stock. The Series C preferred stock is redeemable at a redemption price per share equal to the Original Issue Price of $1.82 per share plus accrued but unpaid dividends (see "Redemption" below). The outstanding series C convertible preferred stock converted into 1,719,693 shares of common stock upon the closing of the initial public offering. The outstanding shares of the Series C preferred stock were recorded at their estimated fair value of $20,062 which equaled the sale price on the date of issuance. The amount was adjusted for net offering costs of $167. The fair value of the Series C preferred stock had been increased through periodic accretions using the interest method so that the carrying value equals the redemption amount on the redemption date. Accumulated dividends on redeemable shares was $0 as of fiscal 2015, the transition period, and fiscal 2014. The liquidation value of the Series C preferred stock was $0 as of fiscal 2015, the transition period, and fiscal 2014. The accumulated dividend through closing date of the initial public offering on February 18, 2014 of the Series C preferred stock was $139.

On October 2, 2012, holders of preferred stock who elected not to participate in the Convertible Notes (see "Notes Payable") had their preferred stock shares convert to Common stock. Upon conversion from preferred to common, the investors forfeited all accumulated dividends from their investment date and 5,289,405 shares of Series A preferred stock were converted into 825,177 shares of Common stock and $1,718 in accumulated dividends was forfeited, 3,357,782 shares of Series B preferred stock were converted into 532,832 shares of Common Stock and $1,520 in accumulated dividends was forfeited, and 296,260 shares of Series B-1 preferred stock were converted into 46,218 shares of Common stock and $49 in accumulated dividends was forfeited. Concurrent with the conversion, the Company reduced the amounts authorized for the Series A, Series B, and Series B-1 preferred stock to 14,948,506 shares, 12,694,561 shares and 9,331,374 shares, respectively.

Preferred Stock Dividends

Holders of Series A, Series B, Series B-1 and Series C Preferred Stockholders were entitled to cumulative dividends at an annual rate of 6% when and if declared. Such dividends accrued daily on a cumulative basis from the respective date of issuance of each such share of Preferred Stock, whether declared or not.

Dividends were to be paid only when declared by the board of directors out of legally available funds or upon the first to occur of (i) payment of the Original Issue Price of each share of Preferred Stock in connection with a redemption or liquidation event or (ii) upon conversion of the Preferred Stock into Common Stock, unless the conversion was done in connection with a Qualified IPO or the sale of the Company under certain conditions ("Qualified Sale"), which would have caused the holder to forfeit such dividends. There were no accrued dividends for Series A, Series B, Series B-1 and Series C Preferred Stock as of fiscal 2015, the transition period, and fiscal 2014.

9. Common Stock and Stock-Based Compensation

In December 2007, the Company's board of directors approved the 2007 Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2007 Plan") enabling the Company to grant multiple stock based awards to employees, directors and consultants, the most common being stock options and restricted stock awards. In November 2013, the Company's board of directors approved the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan") which became effective on February 11, 2014. The 2007 Plan was terminated upon the effectiveness of the 2014 Plan and all shares available for issuance under the 2007 Plan were made available under the 2014 Plan. The 2014 Plan provides for the awards of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards. Awards generally vest equally over a period of four years from grant date. Vesting is accelerated under a change in control of the Company or in the event of death or disability to the recipient. In the event of termination, any unvested shares or options

F- 22

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

are forfeited. At the Company's annual meeting of stockholders held on August 4, 2015, the stockholders approved an amendment to the 2014 Plan to, among other things, increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance thereunder by 500,000 shares. After accounting for such increase, and as of such amendment, the Company has reserved and made available 2,876,702 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2014 Plan.

The Company recognized share-based compensation in its statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013 as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,		Three Months Ended December 31,		Year Ended September 30,		Year Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2014		2013
Selling, general and administrative	$	2,780	$	144	$	303	$	153
Research and development	1,271		140		303		164
Total	$	4,051	$	284	$	606	$	317

The following table is a summary of the Company's stock options issued to employees, directors and consultants (amounts in thousands except per share amounts):




	Number of Stock Option Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Non- Exercisable	Exercisable
Outstanding at September 30, 2013	813,259		$	5.58	302,603	510,656
Granted	558,699		11.72
Exercised	(12,034	)	5.34
Forfeited or expired	(50,931	)
Outstanding at September 30, 2014	1,308,993		$	8.16	712,901	596,092
Granted	29,000		12.61
Exercised	(4,513	)	7.62
Forfeited or expired	(11,310	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2014	1,322,170		$	8.29	710,486	611,684
Granted	773,458		48.65
Exercised	(211,190	)	7.06
Forfeited or expired	(39,596	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2015	1,844,842		$	25.16	1,176,140	668,702

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013 was $15.92, $6.73, $4.61 and $1.73, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, there was $8,287 of unrecognized compensation cost, which will be expensed over the next 4 fiscal years. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2015 was $10,815. There were 211,190 options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2015.

The weighted average contractual terms of options outstanding as of December 31, 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013 was 7.5, 7.5 and 7.5 and 7.0 years, respectively.

The aggregate pre-tax intrinsic value of options outstanding as of December 31, 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013 was $54.7 million, $9.6 million, $5.9 million, and $0.2 thousand, respectively.

10. Income Taxes

The (benefit) provision for income taxes shown in the statement of operations is net of $3, $4, $4 and $2 for minimum state taxes for the years ended December 31, 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014, and fiscal 2013, respectively.

F- 23

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

A reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the benefit for income taxes is as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,		Three Months Ended December 31,		Year Ended September 30,
	2015		2014		2014		2013
Federal tax provision (benefit) at statutory rate	34.00	%	(34.00	)%	(34.00	)%	(34.00	)%
State tax benefit, net of Federal benefits	0.12	%	(19.18	)%	(6.72	)%	(12.95	)%
Non-cash interest and change in fair value of warrants liability	—	%	(0.01	)%	1.07	%	13.82	%
Meals and entertainment and other	0.91	%	0.08	%	—	%	—	%
Change in valuation allowance	(25.15	)%	31.25	%	32.25	%	25.11	%
Other	—	%	—	%	0.06	%	0.22	%
Research & Development Credit	(9.76	)%	2.68	%	0.62	%	(5.14	)%
Tax provision (benefit)	0.12	%	(19.18	)%	(6.72	)%	(12.94	)%

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets were as follows:



	December 31,						September 30,
	2015			2014			2014			2013
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforward	$	30,837		$	33,286		$	32,527		$	26,984
Research & development credit	2,790			2,790			1,886			2,033
Prepaid research & development expenses	1,884			2,264			2,354			2,573
Deposit Reserve	93			—			—			—
Charitable contribution carryforward	64			71			80			28
Patent costs	57			68			70			77
Accrued vacation pay	36			34			54			—
Other intangibles	26			33			34			39
Stock based compensation	2,100			1,057			944			688
Fixed assets	12			12			—			161
Other	2			11			2			2
Accrued bonus	705			309			204			—
Advance billings	—			208			234			208
Deferred compensation	—			109			—			—
Returns and allowances	—			—			—			24
Total deferred tax assets	38,606			40,252			38,389			32,817
Deferred tax liabilities
Prepaid expenses	81			66			138			47
Other	7			7			—			—
Fixed assets	—			—			5			—
Total deferred tax liabilities	88			73			143			47
Net deferred tax assets	38,518			40,179			38,246			32,770
Valuation allowance	$	(38,518	)	$	(40,179	)	$	(38,246	)	$	(32,770	)

United States federal and state net operating losses of $10,300 represent excess tax benefits from the exercise of share based awards which will be recorded in additional paid-in capital when realized.

F- 24

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Realization of the net deferred tax asset is dependent upon future taxable income, if any, the amount and timing of which are uncertain. Accordingly, the net deferred tax asset has been offset by a full valuation allowance. The valuation allowance decreased by $(1,661) as of December 31, 2015.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $99,453 and $26,285, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the Company also had a federal and state research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $2,790 and $0, respectively. These net operating loss carryforwards and credits expire at various times through 2035.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code generally requires a corporation to limit the amount of its income in future years that can be offset by historic losses, i.e. net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards and certain built-in losses, after a corporation has undergone an ownership change. The Company has not been subject to a Section 382 limitation.

In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASC 740-10, Uncertainty in Income Taxes, which defines the threshold for recognizing the benefits of tax-return positions in the financial statements as “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authorities. This statement also requires explicit disclosure requirements about a Company’s uncertainties related to their income tax position, including a detailed roll-forward of tax benefits taken that do not qualify for financial statement recognition.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and several states. Given that the company has incurred tax losses since its inception, all of the Company’s tax years are effectively open to examination.

The Company has no amount recorded for any unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2015 nor did the Company record any amount for the implementation of ASC 740-10-25.

The Company regularly evaluates its tax positions for additional unrecognized tax benefits and associated interest and penalties, if applicable. The Company believes that its accrual for tax liabilities is adequate for all open years. There are many factors that are considered when evaluating these tax positions including: interpretation of tax laws, recent tax litigation on a position, past audit or examination history, and subjective estimates and assumptions. In making these estimates and assumptions, the Company relies on advice from industry and subject matter experts, analyzes actions taken by taxing authorities, as well as the Company’s industry and audit experience. These evaluations are based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management. However, if management’s estimates are not representative of actual outcomes, the Company’s results could be materially impacted.

The Company received approval to sell a portion of the Company's New Jersey net operating losses and tax credits as part of the Technology Business Tax Certificate Program sponsored by The New Jersey Economic Development Authority. Under the program, emerging biotechnology firms with unused net operating loss carryovers and unused research and development credits are allowed to sell these benefits to other firms. The Company has participated in the Technology Business Tax Certificate Program since 2009. The most recent sales are detailed below:

There were no New Jersey state net operating carryforwards sold during 2015. During the three months ended December 31, 2014 the Company sold New Jersey state net operating loss (NJ NOL) carry forwards and tax credits totaling $12,588 and $15, respectively for net proceeds of $1,059 which is reflected as a tax benefit in the transition period. During the year ended September 30, 2014, the Company sold New Jersey state net operating loss (NJ NOL) carry forwards and tax credits totaling $25,389 and $177, respectively for net proceeds of $1,295 which is reflected as a tax benefit in fiscal year 2014. In fiscal year ended September 30, 2013, the Company sold net operating losses and tax credits totaling $11,029 and $95, respectively for net proceeds of $899 which is reflected as a tax benefit in fiscal year 2013.

11. License Agreements of Development and Commercialization Rights

Development

On February 13, 2015, Eagle entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “Cephalon License”) with Cephalon, Inc. ("Cephalon"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. ("Teva"), for U.S. and Canadian rights to the Company's bendamustine hydrochloride (HCl) rapid infusion product for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Pursuant to the terms of the Cephalon License, Cephalon is responsible

F- 25

EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

for all U.S. commercial activities for the product including promotion and distribution, and Eagle is responsible for obtaining and maintaining all regulatory approvals and conducting post-approval clinical studies.

Under the terms of the Cephalon License, Eagle received an upfront cash payment of $30.0 million, earned a milestone payment of $15.0 million and Eagle is currently eligible to receive up to $65.0 million in additional milestone payments. In addition, Eagle is entitled to receive royalty payments of 20% on net sales of the product, if approved by the FDA. In connection with the Cephalon License, Eagle entered into a supply agreement with Cephalon, pursuant to which Eagle will be responsible for supplying product to Cephalon for a specified period. Additionally, on February 13, 2015, Eagle and Cephalon entered into a Settlement and License Agreement (the "Cephalon Settlement Agreement"), pursuant to which the parties agreed to settle the pending patent infringement claims against each other regarding Cephalon's US Patent No. 8,791,270 and Cephalon filed a consent judgment between Cephalon and Eagle acknowledging the validity and enforceability of the ‘270 patent (the "Consent Judgment").

On October 13, 2015, the Company entered into an exclusive U.S. licensing agreement with Teikoku Pharma USA, Inc. ("Teikoku") to market, sell and distribute Docetaxel Injection Concentrate, Non-Alcohol Formula, an investigational product intended for the treatment of breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and head and neck cancer. The NDA for Docetaxel Injection for these indications was approved by the FDA on December 22, 2015. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid an upfront cash payment upon executing the agreement which was expensed and is included in research and development and an additional payment of $4,850 upon FDA approval and NDA transfer to Eagle, which occurred in January 2016, and double-digit royalties on gross profits.

The Company has entered into several product development agreements with development partners whereby the Company acquired the exclusive rights in the United States and, in most cases, worldwide rights to a total of thirty-three products for ten years following first commercial sale of each product. The Company will share varying percentages of the profits after, in most cases, recapturing development, legal and certain operating costs, from the sales of the products with the development partners if the products are commercialized. The Company expenses these costs as incurred.

Commercialization Rights

In May 2008, the Company entered into a collaborative product development agreement with a Branded product company, whereby the Company has agreed to develop a product for the Brand Company. Under the terms of the agreement, the Brand Company acquired the exclusive worldwide rights to market the product for ten years following approval. The Company will receive a royalty on net sales of the product, dependent upon the achievement of certain goals. In addition, the Company received $750 upon signing which was non-refundable and recorded as revenue in the year it was received and it will receive milestones of up to $13,000 upon the achievement of certain goals. The Brand Company is also required to pay all out of pocket costs related to the project and also made payments to the Company totaling $2,000 for the development of the product, payable at $200 per month commencing in April 2008. In July 2013, an arbitration settlement between the two companies was reached. The Company then terminated the contract; therefore, no additional revenues will be recognized.

12. Asset Sales

On March 28, 2012, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (“APA”) with Hikma Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, or Hikma. Under the terms of the agreement, Hikma acquired exclusive U.S. rights to market diclofenac-misoprostol following regulatory approval. The Company received $3,500 upon signing the APA. This amount was included in deferred revenue until FDA approval, since it was otherwise refundable. In addition, the Company was entitled to receive another $1,000 upon regulatory approval, validation batch manufacturing with inventory released for launch, and sufficient launch inventory. Before approval, this approval milestone was to be reduced for each generic competitor that received regulatory approval (excluding an "authorized generic" version of the Brand Product); however, the milestone was not to be reduced to an amount less than $500. The Company was to receive a royalty on Net Profits of the product for a period of ten years from the date of the first commercial sale of the product, with the royalty percentage varying depending upon certain events and competition.

On June 24, 2013, Hikma filed a lawsuit against the Company in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging that the Company (a) breached the Hikma, APA by failing to refund the purchase price following Hikma's purported termination of the Hikma APA as a result of the Company failing to receive timely ANDA approval, and (b) intentionally failed to disclose alleged manufacturing product defects to Hikma. The Company believed that it did not fail to receive timely ANDA

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EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

approval and therefore that Hikma was not entitled to (a) terminate the Hikma APA or (b) receive a refund of the purchase price. The Company also believed that it did not intentionally fail to disclose alleged manufacturing product defects to Hikma. If Hikma had prevailed on its claims, the Company could have been required to return the $3,500 purchase price plus interest, as well as other damages. The Company could not estimate the possible loss or range of loss related to the Hikma litigation beyond the $3,500 purchase price.

On March 14, 2014, the Company received FDA approval of our Abbreviated New Drug Application for diclofenac-misoprostol tablets. The Company had not yet recognized the $3,500 as revenue since it was required to submit additional data to the FDA. In May 2014, under a CBE-30 supplement, the Company submitted additional data to the FDA with respect to manufacturing procedures of the product and achieved final approval in June 2014.

On June 30, 2014, the Company had recognized the $3,500 purchase price as revenue in Other income as it had received FDA approval and subsequently complied with all FDA requirements. Pursuant to the in-license agreement for diclofenac-misoprostol, the Company estimated amounts due to the licensor.

On August 8, 2014, the Company settled the lawsuit with Hikma related to the APA. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement the Company retained ownership of diclofenac-misoprostol including the rights to launch and commercialize the Product, and the Company will pay to Hikma a percentage of Net Profits after recovery of certain of the Company's expenses.

During fiscal year 2010 and 2011, the Company divested another non-core product and received proceeds of $6,500, comprised of $5,500 as a signing milestone which is recorded in deferred revenues and $500 for the initiation of Tech Transfer of which $250 remains in deferred revenues and a second payment of $500 for the completion of the Tech Transfer of which $250 remains in deferred revenues. Under the terms of this agreement, the licensor must obtain all of the following milestones in order for the Company to earn the revenues. These milestones are a) the receipt of an approval letter from the FDA, b) acknowledgment from the FDA that no further clinical studies will be needed and c) an approval letter from the FDA. If these milestones are not met, then the $6,000 in total included in deferred revenue on the balance sheet at December 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and September 31, 2014 must be refunded and the product rights are returned to the Company. Recent communications between the Company and purchaser have taken place and further clarification is required to determine if the amounts previously recorded as deferred revenue may be recognized as revenue.

In addition, the Company may receive additional milestones of up to $3,000 in the future, dependent on the licensor's actively selling the product in an exclusive market position.

See Note 6 for a summary of Deferred Revenue related to the Asset Sales.

13. Commitments

At December 31, 2015, the Company has purchase obligations in the amount of $6,879 which represent the contractual commitments under Contract Manufacturing and Supply Agreements with suppliers. The obligation under the supply agreement is primarily for finished product and research and development.

The Company leases its office space under a lease agreement that expires on June 30, 2020. Rental expense was $514, $68, $277 and $314 for fiscal 2015, the transition period, fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively. The remaining future lease payments under the operating lease are $2,488 as of December 31, 2015, payable monthly through June 30, 2020 as follows:



	Total		2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	Beyond
Operating lease obligations	$	2,488	515	564	564	564	281	—

14. Arbitration

On October 26, 2011, the Company filed a Demand for Arbitration with the American Arbitration Association against a commercial partner that licensed one of its products. Eagle's claims include breach of contract relating to the development of a new formulation of the product and lack of effort to seek and obtain regulatory approval, ultimately impacting the marketing and sale of that new formulation. As a result, Eagle alleged that it had been significantly damaged. A three person arbitration panel was appointed. The trial was completed on January 25, 2013.

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EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

In April 2013, the Company successfully renegotiated the terms of our legal fees to a contingent settlement as opposed to an hourly billing rate. As a result of the renegotiated terms, the Company recognized a $1,993 benefit.

On July 19, 2013, the American Arbitration Association panel awarded the Company $5,000 for damages plus $24 for apportioned costs related to the arbitration for breach of contract. The Company received the funds in September 2013 and the amount was recorded in the results of operations, net of expenses of $974 in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2013.

15. Legal Proceedings

Claims and lawsuits may be filed against the Company from time to time. Although the results of pending claims are always uncertain, the Company believes that it has adequate reserves or adequate insurance coverage in respect of these claims, but no assurance can be given as to the sufficiency of such reserves or insurance coverage in the event of any unfavorable outcome resulting from such actions.

In September 2013, the Company filed a New Drug Application under Section 505(b)(2) for EP-3101, the Company's bendamustine hydrochloride injection, in a ready-to-dilute concentrate solution, product ("bendamustine RTD") and notified Cephalon, the holder of Treanda^®, the referenced approved drug in our application, of the Company's 505(b)(2) filing and paragraph IV certification. Cephalon filed a patent infringement lawsuit against the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware on October 21, 2013 to defer the approval of the bendamustine indication alleging that the Company's tentatively approved bendamustine hydrochloride injection infusion product infringes one of its patents, U.S. Patent No. 8,445,524 (the "First Cephalon Lawsuit").

In July 2014, the FDA had granted tentative approval and orphan drug designation to the Company’s New Drug Application for patented bendamustine RTD for the treatment of NHL.

In September 2014, Cephalon moved to dismiss with prejudice the First Cephalon Lawsuit.

On August 12, 2014, Cephalon filed a second lawsuit in the District of Delaware alleging that bendamustine RTD infringes Cephalon’s newly-issued U.S. Patent No. 8,791,270 (the "Second Cephalon Lawsuit").

On February 13, 2015, the Company and Cephalon entered into the Cephalon Settlement Agreement pursuant to which the parties agreed to settle the Second Cephalon Lawsuit, under which the Company has agreed to enter into the Consent Judgment regarding the ‘270 patent. As part of the Cephalon Settlement Agreement, Cephalon has agreed to waive its orphan drug exclusivities for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with EP-3102.

In February 2016, The Medicines Company (“MDCO”) filed a complaint against the Company, SciDose LLC and TherDose Pharma Pvt. Ltd. (collectively the “Defendants”) relating to the Defendants’ work on a novel ready-to-use bivalirudin injection product (the “Bivalirudin Product”). The suit cites the May 7, 2008 License and Development Agreement (the “LDA”) between the Defendants and MDCO. In the lawsuit, MDCO alleges that the Company violated the terms of the LDA by, inter alia, developing the Bivalirudin Product, and that the Company's Bivalirudin Product infringes two patents that are jointly-owned by the Company and MDCO and violates an exclusive license that MDCO claims exists under the LDA. The Company disputes the allegations and believes it has meritorious defenses to all of MDCO’s allegations.

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EAGLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

15. Selected Quarterly Financial Data - Unaudited

A summary of quarterly financial information for fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014 is as follows:



	For the Quarter Ended
	March 31,		June 30,			September 30,			December 31,		Total Fiscal Year 2015
	2015		2015			2015			2015		Total Fiscal Year 2015
	(in thousands except share and per share amounts)
Revenue	$	36,309	$	6,002		$	5,736		$	18,180	$	66,227
Income (Loss) from operations	$	20,090	$	(8,335	)	$	(10,388	)	$	1,193	$	2,560
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	19,697	$	(8,177	)	$	(10,167	)	$	1,218	$	2,571
Income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders- basic	$	1.38	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.65	)	$	0.08	$	0.17
Income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders- diluted	$	1.31	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.65	)	$	0.07	$	0.16



	For the Quarter Ended
	December 31,			March 31,			June 30,			September 30,			Total Fiscal Year 2014
	2013			2014			2014			2014			Total Fiscal Year 2014
	(in thousands except share and per share amounts)
Revenue	$	5,492		$	5,005		$	5,792		$	2,810		$	19,099
Loss from operations	$	(3,065	)	$	(3,603	)	$	(2,982	)	$	(9,107	)	$	(18,757	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(4,387	)	$	(3,218	)	$	(2,934	)	$	(9,104	)	$	(19,643	)
Loss per share attributable to common stockholders- basic	$	(1.44	)	$	(0.36	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.65	)	$	(1.97	)
Loss per share attributable to common stockholders- diluted	$	(1.44	)	$	(0.36	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.65	)	$	(1.97	)

F- 29