EASTMAN CHEMICAL CO - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
| (Mark One) | ||||||||
| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||
| For the quarterly period ended | September 30, 2020 | |||||||
| OR | ||||||||
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||
| For the transition period from ______________ to ______________ | ||||||||
Commission file number 1-12626
EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 62-1539359 | |||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |||||||
| incorporation or organization) | Identification no.) | |||||||
| 200 South Wilcox Drive | ||||||||
| Kingsport | Tennessee | 37662 | ||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (423) 229-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
| Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | EMN | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||
| 1.50% Notes Due 2023 | EMN23 | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||
| 1.875% Notes Due 2026 | EMN26 | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | |||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ | |||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
| Class | Number of Shares Outstanding at September 30, 2020 | ||||
| Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | 135,467,894 | ||||
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1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| ITEM | PAGE | |||||||
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
SIGNATURES
2
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements made or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Forward-looking statements are all statements, other than statements of historical fact, that may be made by Eastman Chemical Company ("Eastman" or the "Company") from time to time. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "anticipates", "believes", "estimates", "expects", "intends", "may", "plans", "projects", "forecasts", "will", "would", and similar expressions or expressions of the negative of these terms. Forward-looking statements may relate to, among other things, such matters as planned and expected capacity increases and utilization; anticipated capital spending; expected depreciation and amortization; environmental matters and opportunities (including potential risks associated with physical impacts of climate change and related voluntary and regulatory carbon requirements); exposure to, and effects of hedging of, raw material and energy prices and costs; foreign currencies and interest rates; disruption or interruption of operations and of raw material or energy supply; global and regional economic, political, and business conditions; competition; growth opportunities; supply and demand, volume, price, cost, margin and sales; pending and future legal proceedings; earnings, cash flow, dividends, stock repurchases and other expected financial results, events, decisions, and conditions; expectations, strategies, and plans for individual assets and products, businesses, and operating segments, as well as for the whole of Eastman; cash sources and requirements and uses of available cash; financing plans and activities; pension expenses and funding; credit ratings; anticipated and other future restructuring, acquisition, divestiture, and consolidation activities; cost reduction and control efforts and targets; the timing and costs of, benefits from the integration of, and expected business and financial performance of acquired businesses as well as the subsequent impairment assessments of acquired long-lived assets; strategic, technology, and product innovation initiatives and development, production, commercialization and acceptance of new products, services and technologies and related costs; asset, business, and product portfolio changes; and expected tax rates and interest costs.
Forward-looking statements are based upon certain underlying assumptions as of the date such statements were made. Such assumptions are based upon internal estimates and other analyses of current market conditions and trends, management expectations, plans, and strategies, economic conditions, and other factors. Forward-looking statements and the assumptions underlying them are necessarily subject to risks and uncertainties inherent in projecting future conditions and results. Actual results could differ materially from expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements if one or more of the underlying assumptions and expectations proves to be inaccurate or is unrealized. The most significant known factors, risks, and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are identified and discussed under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report. Other factors, risks or uncertainties of which management is not aware, or presently deems immaterial, could also cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.
The Company cautions you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date such statements are made. Except as may be required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to update or alter these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Investors are advised, however, to consult any further public Company disclosures (such as filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Company press releases, or pre-noticed public investor presentations) on related subjects.
3
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS,
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND RETAINED EARNINGS
| Third Quarter | First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 2,122 | $ | 2,325 | $ | 6,287 | $ | 7,068 | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 1,621 | 1,751 | 4,838 | 5,331 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 501 | 574 | 1,449 | 1,737 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 165 | 163 | 480 | 515 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | 56 | 59 | 169 | 174 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | 60 | 2 | 215 | 52 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other components of post-employment (benefit) cost, net | (30) | (20) | (90) | (62) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) charges, net | 7 | 3 | 10 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 243 | 367 | 665 | 1,058 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest expense | 52 | 54 | 159 | 165 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Early debt extinguishment costs | 1 | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before income taxes | 190 | 313 | 505 | 893 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 25 | 46 | 50 | 158 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings | 165 | 267 | 455 | 735 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest | 4 | 1 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings attributable to Eastman | $ | 161 | $ | 266 | $ | 446 | $ | 733 | |||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share attributable to Eastman | $ | 1.19 | $ | 1.95 | $ | 3.29 | $ | 5.31 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share attributable to Eastman | $ | 1.18 | $ | 1.93 | $ | 3.27 | $ | 5.27 | |||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings including noncontrolling interest | $ | 165 | $ | 267 | $ | 455 | $ | 735 | |||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in cumulative translation adjustment | (20) | 23 | (15) | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits | (7) | (7) | (21) | (22) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives and hedging: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) during period | (13) | 10 | (9) | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income, net | 6 | 6 | 16 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (34) | 32 | (29) | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income including noncontrolling interest | 131 | 299 | 426 | 757 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest | 4 | 1 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to Eastman | $ | 127 | $ | 298 | $ | 417 | $ | 755 | |||||||||||||||
| Retained Earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings at beginning of period | $ | 8,071 | $ | 7,848 | $ | 7,965 | $ | 7,573 | |||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect adjustment resulting from adoption of new accounting standards | — | — | — | (20) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings attributable to Eastman | 161 | 266 | 446 | 733 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared | (90) | (85) | (269) | (257) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retained earnings at end of period | $ | 8,142 | $ | 8,029 | $ | 8,142 | $ | 8,029 | |||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
| September 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 650 | $ | 204 | |||||||
| Trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts | 1,077 | 980 | |||||||||
| Miscellaneous receivables | 377 | 395 | |||||||||
| Inventories | 1,338 | 1,662 | |||||||||
| Other current assets | 92 | 80 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 3,534 | 3,321 | |||||||||
| Properties | |||||||||||
| Properties and equipment at cost | 13,332 | 12,904 | |||||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | 7,843 | 7,333 | |||||||||
| Net properties | 5,489 | 5,571 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 4,443 | 4,431 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization | 1,802 | 2,011 | |||||||||
| Other noncurrent assets | 741 | 674 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 16,009 | $ | 16,008 | |||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Payables and other current liabilities | $ | 1,419 | $ | 1,618 | |||||||
| Borrowings due within one year | 370 | 171 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 1,789 | 1,789 | |||||||||
| Long-term borrowings | 5,495 | 5,611 | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities | 928 | 915 | |||||||||
| Post-employment obligations | 939 | 1,016 | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 702 | 645 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 9,853 | 9,976 | |||||||||
| Stockholders' equity | |||||||||||
| Common stock ($0.01 par value – 350,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued – 220,247,546 and 219,638,646 for 2020 and 2019, respectively) | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 2,134 | 2,105 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 8,142 | 7,965 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (243) | (214) | |||||||||
| 10,035 | 9,858 | ||||||||||
| Less: Treasury stock at cost (84,830,450 shares for 2020 and 83,696,398 shares for 2019) | 3,960 | 3,900 | |||||||||
| Total Eastman stockholders' equity | 6,075 | 5,958 | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | 81 | 74 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 6,156 | 6,032 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 16,009 | $ | 16,008 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| First Nine Months | |||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net earnings | $ | 455 | $ | 735 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 429 | 462 | |||||||||
| Asset impairment charges | 145 | — | |||||||||
| Early debt extinguishment costs | 1 | — | |||||||||
| (Benefit from) provision for deferred income taxes | (14) | 13 | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions and divestitures: | |||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in trade receivables | (90) | (50) | |||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in inventories | 316 | (122) | |||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in trade payables | (213) | (183) | |||||||||
| Pension and other postretirement contributions (in excess of) less than expenses | (108) | (97) | |||||||||
| Variable compensation (in excess of) less than expenses | 25 | (15) | |||||||||
| Other items, net | 103 | 90 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,049 | 833 | |||||||||
| Investing activities | |||||||||||
| Additions to properties and equipment | (278) | (308) | |||||||||
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — | (48) | |||||||||
| Other items, net | (4) | (4) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (282) | (360) | |||||||||
| Financing activities | |||||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in commercial paper and other borrowings | 14 | 149 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings | 249 | 335 | |||||||||
| Repayment of borrowings | (250) | (385) | |||||||||
| Dividends paid to stockholders | (269) | (258) | |||||||||
| Treasury stock purchases | (60) | (325) | |||||||||
| Other items, net | (6) | (3) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (322) | (487) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 1 | (5) | |||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 446 | (19) | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 204 | 226 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 650 | $ | 207 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6
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7
1.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Eastman Chemical Company ("Eastman" or the "Company") in accordance and consistent with the accounting policies stated in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of that report, with the exception of the items noted below. The December 31, 2019 financial position data included herein was derived from the consolidated financial statements included in the 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP").
In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for fair statement of the interim financial information in conformity with GAAP. These statements contain some amounts that are based upon management estimates and judgments. Future actual results could differ from such current estimates. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include assets, liabilities, sales revenue, and expenses of all majority-owned subsidiaries and joint ventures in which a controlling interest is maintained. Eastman accounts for other joint ventures and investments where it exercises significant influence on the equity basis. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period data has been reclassified in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes to conform to current period presentation.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: On January 1, 2020, Eastman adopted this standard, and related releases, under the various required transition methods. The amendments require a financial asset (including trade receivables) to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected through the use of allowances for credit losses valuation account. The income statement will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. The adoption of this standard did not result in a material impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.
ASU 2018-13 Fair Value Measurement - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement: On January 1, 2020, Eastman adopted this standard that is a part of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") disclosure framework project to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. The primary changes applicable to Eastman in this update are the disclosures of fair value levels, assessment thereof, and transfers between those levels. The adoption under the various required transition methods did not impact the Company's related disclosures.
ASU 2018-18 Collaborative Arrangements - Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 (Collaborative Arrangements) and Topic 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers): On January 1, 2020, Eastman adopted this standard, retrospectively to the date of the initial application of Topic 606 on January 1, 2017, that provides clarification in regards to which contracts are accounted for under Topic 808 and Topic 606 as well as alignment of guidance between the two pronouncements. The adoption of this standard did not impact the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.
ASU 2019-01 Leases - Codification Improvements: On January 1, 2020, Eastman adopted this standard which was applied as of the adoption date and under the same transition methodology of ASU 2016-02 Lease previously adopted on January 1, 2019. The FASB issued this update in response to stakeholder inquiries regarding the new leasing standard. The adoption of this standard did not impact the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.
ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting: Eastman adopted this standard when issued and effective on March 12, 2020. The FASB issued this update to provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform (the global financial markets transition in contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions away from referencing the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates and toward new reference rates) on financial reporting. As reference reform has not impacted Eastman as of the issuance and effective date, the adoption of this standard did not impact the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.
8
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Adopted as of September 30, 2020
ASU 2018-14 Retirement Benefits - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans: In August 2018, the FASB issued this update as a part of its disclosure framework project to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. The primary change impacting Eastman is the addition of disclosures related to significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period and weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans. This standard is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Upon adoption, this update is to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Management does not expect that changes required by the new standard will materially impact the Company's related disclosures.
ASU 2019-12 Income Taxes - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes: In December 2019, the FASB issued this update as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards which removes certain exceptions and provides simplification to specific tax items. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Adoption methods vary based on the specific items impacted. Management is currently evaluating the impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.
ASU 2020-01 Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815: In January 2020, the FASB issued a clarification that an entity should consider observable transactions that require the application or discontinuance of the equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative and clarification that certain forward contracts and purchased options to purchase securities that, upon settlement, would be accounted for under the equity method of accounting. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The update is to be applied prospectively. Management does not expect that changes required by the new standard will materially impact the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.
Working Capital Management and Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
Since 2019, the Company has been expanding its off balance sheet, uncommitted accounts receivable factoring program under which entire invoices may be sold, without recourse, to third-party financial institutions. Under these agreements, the Company sells the invoices at face value, less a transaction fee, which substantially equals the carrying value and fair value with no gain or loss recognized and no credit loss exposure is retained. Available capacity under these agreements, which the Company uses as a source of working capital funding, is dependent on the level of accounts receivable eligible to be sold and the financial institutions' willingness to purchase such receivables. In addition, certain agreements also require that the Company continue to service, administer, and collect the sold accounts receivable at market rates. The total amounts sold in third quarter 2020 and 2019 were $336 million and $190 million, respectively, and $1.20 billion and $460 million in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The Company works with suppliers to optimize payment terms and conditions on accounts payable to enhance timing of working capital and cash flows. As part of these efforts, in 2019 the Company introduced a voluntary supply chain finance program to provide suppliers with the opportunity to sell receivables due from Eastman to a participating financial institution. Eastman's responsibility is limited to making payments on the terms originally negotiated with suppliers, regardless of whether the suppliers sell their receivables to the financial institution. The range of payment terms Eastman negotiates with suppliers are consistent, regardless of whether a supplier participates in the program. All of Eastman's accounts payable and associated payments are reported consistently in the Company's Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows regardless of whether they are associated with a vendor who participates in the program.
9
2.INVENTORIES
| September 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Finished goods | $ | 873 | $ | 1,114 | |||||||
| Work in process | 191 | 220 | |||||||||
| Raw materials and supplies | 510 | 576 | |||||||||
| Total inventories at FIFO or average cost | 1,574 | 1,910 | |||||||||
| Less: LIFO reserve | 236 | 248 | |||||||||
| Total inventories | $ | 1,338 | $ | 1,662 | |||||||
Inventories valued on the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method were approximately 50 percent of total inventories at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. In third quarter 2020, a $10 million LIFO decrement was recognized due to inventory reduction actions, resulting in an increase to "Cost of sales" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings and a decrease to "Inventories" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
3.PAYABLES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
| September 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Trade creditors | $ | 663 | $ | 890 | |||||||
| Accrued payroll and variable compensation | 188 | 176 | |||||||||
| Accrued taxes | 90 | 89 | |||||||||
| Post-employment obligations | 139 | 93 | |||||||||
| Dividends payable to shareholders | 89 | 90 | |||||||||
| Other | 250 | 280 | |||||||||
| Total payables and other current liabilities | $ | 1,419 | $ | 1,618 | |||||||
"Other" consists primarily of accruals for interest payable, the current portion of operating lease liabilities, the current portion of environmental liabilities, the current portion of derivative hedging liabilities, and miscellaneous accruals.
4.INCOME TAXES
| Third Quarter | First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes and tax rate | $ | 25 | 13 | % | $ | 46 | 15 | % | $ | 50 | 10 | % | $ | 158 | 18 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First nine months 2020 effective tax rate included a $19 million decrease to the provision for income taxes as a result of a decrease in unrecognized tax positions and a $7 million decrease to the provision for income taxes related to adjustments to certain prior year tax returns. Third quarter and first nine months 2019 effective tax rates included adjustments to the tax provision to reflect amendments to and finalization of prior year's income tax returns.
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Eastman had $194 million and $202 million, respectively, in unrecognized tax benefits. At September 30, 2020, it is reasonably possible that, as a result of the resolution of federal, state, and foreign examinations and appeals, and the expiration of various statutes of limitation, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by $10 million to $55 million within the next 12 months.
10
5.BORROWINGS
| September 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Borrowings consisted of: | |||||||||||
4.5% notes due January 2021 (1) | $ | 185 | $ | 185 | |||||||
| 3.5% notes due December 2021 | 298 | 298 | |||||||||
| 3.6% notes due August 2022 | 743 | 741 | |||||||||
1.50% notes due May 2023 (2) | 876 | 840 | |||||||||
| 7 1/4% debentures due January 2024 | 198 | 198 | |||||||||
| 7 5/8% debentures due June 2024 | 43 | 43 | |||||||||
| 3.8% notes due March 2025 | 701 | 695 | |||||||||
1.875% notes due November 2026 (2) | 581 | 556 | |||||||||
| 7.60% debentures due February 2027 | 195 | 195 | |||||||||
| 4.5% notes due December 2028 | 493 | 493 | |||||||||
| 4.8% notes due September 2042 | 493 | 493 | |||||||||
| 4.65% notes due October 2044 | 874 | 874 | |||||||||
| Commercial paper and short-term borrowings | 185 | 171 | |||||||||
| Total borrowings | 5,865 | 5,782 | |||||||||
| Borrowings due within one year | 370 | 171 | |||||||||
| Long-term borrowings | $ | 5,495 | $ | 5,611 | |||||||
(1)In October 2020, the Company repaid the 4.5% notes due January 2021 ($185 million principal) using available cash.
(2)The carrying value of the euro-denominated 1.50% notes due May 2023 and 1.875% notes due November 2026 will fluctuate with changes in the euro exchange rate. The carrying value of these euro-denominated borrowings have been designated as non-derivative net investment hedges of a portion of the Company's net investments in euro functional-currency denominated subsidiaries to offset foreign currency fluctuations.
Loan Agreement, Credit Facility, and Commercial Paper Borrowings
In second quarter 2020, the Company borrowed $250 million under a new 364-Day Term Loan Credit Agreement (the "Term Loan") as a precautionary measure due to increased financial market volatility, particularly in the availability and terms of commercial paper, resulting from the COVID-19 coronavirus global pandemic ("COVID-19"). In third quarter 2020, the Term Loan was repaid using available cash. The early repayment resulted in a charge of $1 million for early debt extinguishment costs which was primarily attributable to related unamortized issuance costs.
The Company has access to a $1.50 billion revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Facility") expiring October 2023. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are subject to interest at varying spreads above quoted market rates and a commitment fee is paid on the total unused commitment. The Credit Facility provides available liquidity for general corporate purposes and supports commercial paper borrowings. Commercial paper borrowings are classified as short-term. In first quarter 2020, the Company borrowed a total of $400 million under the Credit Facility. In second quarter 2020, the Company repaid a total of $400 million using available cash. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. At September 30, 2020, the Company's commercial paper borrowings were $185 million with a weighted average interest rate of 0.35 percent. At December 31, 2019, the Company's commercial paper borrowings were $170 million with a weighted average interest rate of 2.03 percent.
The Credit Facility contains customary covenants, including requirements to maintain certain financial ratios, that determine the events of default, amounts available, and terms of borrowings. In second quarter 2020, the Company amended the Credit Facility and the Term Loan maximum debt covenants to reflect the higher cash balance to enhance liquidity due to, and the expected negative impact on operating results of, COVID-19 and added a new restrictive covenant prohibiting stock repurchases until June 30, 2021 in the event certain financial ratios are exceeded. The Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
11
The Company did not renew the $250 million accounts receivable securitization agreement (the "A/R Facility") which expired April 2020. Eastman Chemical Financial Corporation ("ECFC"), a subsidiary of the Company, had an agreement to sell interests in trade receivables under the A/R Facility to a third party purchaser. Third party creditors of ECFC had first priority claims on the assets of ECFC before those assets would be available to satisfy the Company's general obligations. Borrowings under the A/R Facility were subject to interest rates based on a spread over the lender's borrowing costs and ECFC paid a fee to maintain availability of the A/R Facility. In first quarter 2020, the Company borrowed a total of $350 million, in two tranches, under the A/R Facility and repaid a total of $350 million using available cash. At December 31, 2019, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the A/R Facility.
Fair Value of Borrowings
Eastman has classified its total borrowings at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 under the fair value hierarchy as defined in the accounting policies in Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The fair value for fixed-rate debt securities is based on quoted market prices for the same or similar debt instruments and is classified as Level 2. The fair value for the Company's other borrowings, primarily under the Credit Facility and commercial paper, equals the carrying value and is classified as Level 2. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of total borrowings was $6.529 billion and $6.275 billion, respectively. The Company had no borrowings classified as Level 3 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
6.DERIVATIVE AND NON-DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Overview of Hedging Programs
Eastman is exposed to market risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates. To mitigate these market risks and their effects on the cash flows of the underlying transactions and investments in foreign subsidiaries, the Company uses various derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, when appropriate, in accordance with the Company's hedging strategy and policies. Designation is performed on a specific exposure basis to support hedge accounting. The Company does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes.
For further information on hedging programs, see Note 9, "Derivative and Non-Derivative Financial Instruments", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Cash Flow Hedges
Cash flow hedges are derivative instruments designated as and used to hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that are attributable to a particular risk. The derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge are reported on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value of these hedging instruments are offset in part or in whole by corresponding changes in the anticipated cash flows of the underlying exposures being hedged. The change in the hedge instrument is reported as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") located in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Cash flows from cash flow hedges are classified as operating activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
In first, second, and third quarters 2020, Eastman entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $25 million in each period to mitigate the risk of variability in interest rates for an expected long-term debt issuance by August 2022. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges and will be settled upon debt issuance. The total outstanding forward starting swaps as of September 30, 2020 was $75 million.
12
Fair Value Hedges
Fair value hedges are defined as derivative or non-derivative instruments designated as and used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability or an identified portion thereof that is attributable to a particular risk. The derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value of these hedging instruments are offset in part or in whole by corresponding changes in the anticipated fair value of the underlying exposures being hedged. The net of the change in the hedge instrument and item being hedged for qualifying fair value hedges is recognized in earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Cash flows from fair value hedges are classified as operating activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Net Investment Hedges
Net investment hedges are defined as derivative or non-derivative instruments designated as and used to hedge the foreign currency exposure of the net investments in certain foreign operations. The net of the change in the hedge instrument and item being hedged for qualifying net investment hedges is reported as a component of the "Cumulative Translation Adjustment" ("CTA") within AOCI in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Cash flows from the CTA component are classified as operating activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Recognition in earnings of amounts previously recognized in CTA is limited to circumstances such as complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment in the hedged foreign operation. In the event of a complete or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment, cash flows from net investment hedges are classified as investing activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
For derivative cross-currency interest rate swap net investment hedges, gains and losses representing hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in CTA within AOCI and recognized in earnings through the periodic swap interest accruals. The cross-currency interest rate swaps designated as net investment hedges are included as part of "Other long-term liabilities", "Other noncurrent assets", "Payables and other current liabilities", or "Other current assets" within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Cash flows from excluded components are classified as operating activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
In September 2020, the Company terminated fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps designated to hedge a portion of its net investment in a euro functional currency denominated subsidiary against foreign currency fluctuations. The notional amount terminated was €150 million ($180 million) which was scheduled to mature in January 2021. The termination resulted in a $3 million gain recognized in CTA. The related cash flows were classified as investing activities in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
In September 2020, the Company entered into fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps and designated these swaps to hedge a portion of its net investment in a euro functional currency denominated subsidiary against foreign currency fluctuations. These contracts involve the exchange of fixed U.S. dollars with fixed euro interest payments periodically over the life of the contracts and an exchange of the notional amounts at maturity. The fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps include €152 million ($180 million) maturing December 2028.
13
Summary of Financial Position and Financial Performance of Hedging Instruments
The following table presents the notional amounts outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 associated with Eastman's hedging programs.
| Notional Outstanding | September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange Forward and Option Contracts (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| EUR/USD (in EUR) | €549 | €630 | |||||||||||||||
| Commodity Forward and Collar Contracts | |||||||||||||||||
| Feedstock (in million barrels) | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Energy (in million british thermal units) | 22 | 27 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps for the future issuance of debt (in millions) | $75 | — | |||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: | |||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps (in millions) | $75 | $75 | |||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency interest rate swaps (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| EUR/USD (in EUR) | €853 | €851 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-derivatives designated as net investment hedges: | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Currency Net Investment Hedges (in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| EUR/USD (in EUR) | €1,244 | €1,243 | |||||||||||||||
Fair Value Measurements
All the Company's derivative assets and liabilities are currently classified as Level 2. Level 2 fair value is based on estimates using standard pricing models. These standard pricing models use inputs that are derived from or corroborated by observable market data such as interest rate yield curves and currency spot and forward rates. The fair value of commodity contracts is derived using forward curves supplied by an industry recognized and unrelated third party. In addition, on an ongoing basis, the Company tests a subset of its valuations against valuations received from transaction counterparties to validate the accuracy of its standard pricing models. The Company had no derivatives classified as Level 3 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Counterparties to these derivative contracts are highly rated financial institutions which the Company believes carry minimal risk of nonperformance, and the Company diversifies its positions among such counterparties to reduce its exposure to counterparty risk and credit losses. The Company monitors the creditworthiness of its counterparties on an ongoing basis. The Company did not recognize a credit loss during third quarter and first nine months 2020 or 2019.
All the Company's derivative contracts are subject to master netting arrangements, or similar agreements, which provide for the option to settle contracts on a net basis when they settle on the same day and in the same currency. In addition, these arrangements provide for a net settlement of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event that the arrangement is terminated due to the occurrence of default or a termination event. The Company does not have any cash collateral due under such agreements.
14
The Company has elected to present derivative contracts on a gross basis within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The following table presents the financial assets and liabilities valued on a recurring and gross basis and includes where the financial assets and liabilities are within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
| The Financial Position and Fair Value Measurements of Hedging Instruments on a Gross Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative Type | Statements of Financial Position Classification | September 30, 2020 Level 2 | December 31, 2019 Level 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | Other current assets | $ | 5 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | Other noncurrent assets | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | Other current assets | 1 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | Other noncurrent assets | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-for-floating interest rate swap | Other current assets | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-for-floating interest rate swap | Other noncurrent assets | 4 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency interest rate swaps | Other noncurrent assets | 61 | 68 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Derivative Assets | $ | 73 | $ | 84 | ||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | Payables and other current liabilities | $ | 4 | $ | 26 | |||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | Other long-term liabilities | — | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | Payables and other current liabilities | 8 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | Other long-term liabilities | 7 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
| Forward starting interest rate swap contracts | Other long-term liabilities | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed-for-floating interest rate swap | Long-term borrowings | — | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency interest rate swaps | Other long-term liabilities | 13 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Derivative Liabilities | $ | 32 | $ | 32 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Net Derivative Assets (Liabilities) | $ | 41 | $ | 52 | ||||||||||||||||
In addition to the fair value associated with derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, fair value hedges, and net investment hedges noted in the table above, the Company had non-derivative instruments designated as foreign currency net investment hedges with a carrying value of $1.5 billion and $1.4 billion at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The designated foreign currency-denominated borrowings are included as part of "Long-term borrowings" within the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
15
For additional fair value measurement information, see Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", and Note 9, "Derivative and Non-Derivative Financial Instruments", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the following amounts were included in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.
| (Dollars in millions) | Carrying amount of the hedged liabilities | Cumulative amount of fair value hedging loss adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged liability | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Line item in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position in which the hedged item is included | September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term borrowings (1) | $ | 772 | $ | 763 | $ | (1) | $ | (7) | ||||||||||||||||||
(1)At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the cumulative amount of fair value hedging loss adjustment remaining for hedged liabilities for which hedge accounting has been discontinued was $5 million and $7 million, respectively.
The following table presents the effect of the Company's hedging instruments on "Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax" ("OCI") and financial performance for third quarter and first nine months 2020 and 2019.
| Change in amount of after tax gain (loss) recognized in OCI on derivatives | Pre-tax amount of gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into earnings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Third Quarter | First Nine Months | Third Quarter | First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hedging Relationships | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | $ | 10 | $ | (1) | $ | 20 | $ | (7) | $ | (5) | $ | (14) | $ | (26) | $ | (25) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | (20) | 16 | (19) | 10 | — | 7 | 12 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forward starting interest rate and treasury lock swap contracts | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | (2) | (2) | (7) | (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-derivatives in net investment hedging relationships (pre-tax): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment hedges | (62) | 60 | (59) | 68 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives in net investment hedging relationships (pre-tax): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency interest rate swaps | (44) | 40 | (45) | 46 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency interest rate swaps excluded component | (13) | 9 | 25 | 22 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16
The following table presents the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for third quarter 2020 and 2019.
| Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings from Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third Quarter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Sales | Cost of Sales | Net Interest Expense | Sales | Cost of Sales | Net Interest Expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recognized | $ | 2,122 | $ | 1,621 | $ | 52 | $ | 2,325 | $ | 1,751 | $ | 54 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest contracts (fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hedged items | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | — | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest contracts (forward starting interest rate and treasury lock swap contracts): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings | (2) | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity Contracts: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings | (5) | (14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange Contracts: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings | — | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17
The following table presents the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for first nine months 2020 and 2019.
| Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Earnings from Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Sales | Cost of Sales | Net Interest Expense | Sales | Cost of Sales | Net Interest Expense | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recognized | $ | 6,287 | $ | 4,838 | $ | 159 | $ | 7,068 | $ | 5,331 | $ | 165 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest contracts (fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hedged items | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives designated as hedging instruments | (1) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest contracts (forward starting interest rate and treasury lock swap contracts): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings | (7) | (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity Contracts: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings | (26) | (25) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Exchange Contracts: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount reclassified from AOCI into earnings | 12 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Company enters into foreign exchange derivatives denominated in multiple currencies which are transacted and settled in the same quarter. These derivatives are not designated as hedges due to the short-term nature and the gains or losses on these derivatives are marked-to-market in line item "Other (income) charges, net" of the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings. As a result of these derivatives, the Company recognized a net loss of $4 million and a net gain of $5 million during third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and recognized a net gain of $4 million and $1 million during first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Pre-tax monetized positions and mark-to-market gains and losses from raw materials and energy, currency, and certain interest rate hedges that were included in AOCI included net losses of $117 million and $50 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Losses recognized between September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 primarily resulted from an increase in foreign currency exchange rates associated with the euro, partially offset by commodity price increases. If recognized, approximately $18 million in pre-tax losses, as of September 30, 2020, would be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months.
7.RETIREMENT PLANS
Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Eastman maintains defined benefit pension plans that provide eligible employees with retirement benefits. In addition, Eastman provides life insurance for eligible retirees hired prior to January 1, 2007. The Company provides a subsidy for pre-Medicare health care and dental benefits to eligible retirees hired prior to January 1, 2007 that will end on December 31, 2021. Company funding is also provided for eligible Medicare retirees hired prior to January 1, 2007 with a health reimbursement arrangement. Costs recognized for these benefits are estimated amounts, which may change as actual costs for the year are determined.
18
For additional information regarding retirement plans, see Note 10, "Retirement Plans", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost were as follows:
| Third Quarter | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension Plans | Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | U.S. | Non-U.S. | U.S. | Non-U.S. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | 6 | $ | 5 | $ | 6 | $ | 4 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 15 | 4 | 19 | 5 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on assets | (34) | (9) | (31) | (8) | (2) | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior service credit, net | — | — | — | — | (9) | (9) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit (credit) cost | $ | (13) | $ | — | $ | (6) | $ | 1 | $ | (6) | $ | (5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension Plans | Other Postretirement Benefit Plans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | U.S. | Non-U.S. | U.S. | Non-U.S. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | 19 | $ | 13 | $ | 20 | $ | 11 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 43 | 11 | 57 | 15 | 14 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on assets | (101) | (25) | (96) | (24) | (4) | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior service credit, net | — | — | — | — | (28) | (29) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit (credit) cost | $ | (39) | $ | (1) | $ | (19) | $ | 2 | $ | (18) | $ | (14) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
8.LEASES AND OTHER COMMITMENTS
Leases
There are two types of leases: finance and operating. Both types of leases have associated right-to-use assets and lease liabilities that are valued at the present value of the lease payments and recognized on the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The discount rate used in the measurement of a right-to-use asset and lease liability is the rate implicit in the lease whenever that rate is readily determinable. If the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the collateralized incremental borrowing rate is used. The Company elected the accounting policy not to apply the recognition and measurement requirements to short-term leases with a term of 12 months or less and do not include a bargain purchase option.
The Company has operating leases, as a lessee, with customary terms that do not include: significant variable lease payments; significant reasonably certain extensions or options required to be included in the lease term; restrictions; or other covenants for real property, rolling stock, and machinery and equipment. Real property leases primarily consist of office space and rolling stock leases primarily for railcars and fleet vehicles. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, operating right-to-use assets of $174 million and $197 million, respectively, are included as a part of "Other noncurrent assets" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position and includes $8 million at both periods of assets previously classified as lease intangibles. Operating lease liabilities are included as a part of "Payables and other current liabilities" and "Other long-term liabilities" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
19
As of September 30, 2020, reconciliation of lease payments and operating lease liabilities is provided below:
| (Dollars in millions) | Operating lease liabilities | |||||||
| Remainder of 2020 | $ | 17 | ||||||
| 2021 | 56 | |||||||
| 2022 | 42 | |||||||
| 2023 | 29 | |||||||
| 2024 | 16 | |||||||
| 2025 and beyond | 35 | |||||||
| Total lease payments | 195 | |||||||
| Less: amounts of lease payments representing interest | 18 | |||||||
| Present value of future lease payments | 177 | |||||||
| Less: current obligations under leases | 54 | |||||||
| Long-term lease obligations | $ | 123 | ||||||
The Company has operating leases, primarily leases for railcars, with terms that require the Company to guarantee a portion of the residual value of the leased assets upon termination of the lease that will expire beginning in first quarter 2021. Residual guarantee payments that become probable and estimable are recognized as rent expense over the remaining life of the applicable lease. Management's current expectation is that the likelihood of material residual guarantee payments is remote.
Lease costs during the period and other information is provided below:
| Third Quarter | First Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lease costs: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease costs | $ | 18 | $ | 17 | $ | 55 | $ | 49 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease costs | 9 | 10 | 28 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sublease income | (1) | — | (3) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 26 | $ | 27 | $ | 80 | $ | 78 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating lease information: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | $ | 17 | $ | 17 | $ | 53 | $ | 52 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Right-to-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities | $ | 10 | $ | 15 | $ | 40 | $ | 36 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term, in years | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | 3.8 | % | 4.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
20
Debt and Other Commitments
Eastman's obligations are summarized in the following table.
| (Dollars in millions) | Payments Due for | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period | Debt Securities | Credit Facilities and Other | Interest Payable | Purchase Obligations | Operating Leases | Other Liabilities | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Remainder of 2020 | $ | — | $ | 185 | $ | 52 | $ | 57 | $ | 17 | $ | 129 | $ | 440 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 483 | — | 184 | 165 | 56 | 81 | 969 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 743 | — | 174 | 103 | 42 | 88 | 1,150 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 876 | — | 155 | 91 | 29 | 87 | 1,238 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 241 | — | 135 | 94 | 16 | 100 | 586 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 and beyond | 3,337 | — | 1,407 | 1,959 | 35 | 1,139 | 7,877 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 5,680 | $ | 185 | $ | 2,107 | $ | 2,469 | $ | 195 | $ | 1,624 | $ | 12,260 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated future payments of debt securities assumes the repayment of principal upon stated maturity, and actual amounts and the timing of such payments may differ materially due to repayment or other changes in the terms of such debt prior to maturity.
The Company had various purchase obligations at September 30, 2020, totaling approximately $2.5 billion over a period of approximately 30 years for materials, supplies, and energy incident to the ordinary conduct of business.
Amounts in other liabilities represent the current estimated cash payments required to be made by the Company primarily for pension and other postretirement benefits, environmental matters, accrued compensation benefits, uncertain tax liabilities, and commodity and foreign exchange hedging in the periods indicated. Due to uncertainties in the timing of the effective settlement of tax positions with respect to taxing authorities, management is unable to determine the timing of payments related to uncertain tax liabilities and these amounts are included in the "2025 and beyond" line item.
The amount and timing of pension and other postretirement benefit payments included in other liabilities is dependent upon interest rates, health care cost trends, actual returns on plan assets, retirement and attrition rates of employees, continuation or modification of the benefit plans, and other factors. Such factors can significantly impact the amount and timing of any future contributions by the Company. Excess contributions are periodically made by management in order to keep the plans' funded status above 80 percent under the funding provisions of the Pension Protection Act to avoid partial benefit restrictions on accelerated forms of payment. The Company's U.S. defined benefit pension plans are not currently under any benefit restrictions. See Note 7, "Retirement Plans".
The resolution of uncertainties related to environmental matters included in other liabilities may have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations in the period recognized, however, because of the availability of legal defenses, the Company's preliminary assessment of actions that may be required, and, if applicable, the expected sharing of costs, management does not believe that the Company's liability for these environmental matters, individually or in the aggregate, will be material to the Company's consolidated financial position, results or operations, or cash flows. See Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Company's accounting policy for environmental costs and see Note 9, "Environmental Matters and Asset Retirement Obligations".
21
Guarantees and claims also arise during the ordinary course of business from relationships with customers, suppliers, joint venture partners, and other parties when the Company undertakes an obligation to guarantee the performance of others if specified triggering events occur. Non-performance under a contract could trigger an obligation of the Company. The Company's current other guarantees include guarantees relating to intellectual property, environmental matters, and other indemnifications and have arisen through the normal course of business. The ultimate effect on future financial results is not subject to reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists as to the final outcome of these claims, if they were to occur. These other guarantees have terms up to 30 years with maximum potential future payments of approximately $35 million in the aggregate, with none of these guarantees being individually significant to the Company's operating results, financial position, or liquidity. Management's current expectation is that future payment or performance related to non-performance under other guarantees is remote.
9.ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS AND ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS
Certain Eastman manufacturing facilities generate hazardous and nonhazardous wastes, the treatment, storage, transportation, and disposal of which are regulated by various governmental agencies. In connection with the cleanup of various hazardous waste sites, the Company, along with many other entities, has been designated a potentially responsible party ("PRP") by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, which potentially subjects PRPs to joint and several liability for certain cleanup costs. In addition, the Company will incur costs for environmental remediation and closure and post-closure under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Reserves for environmental contingencies have been established in accordance with Eastman's policies described in Note 1, "Significant Accounting Policies", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The resolution of uncertainties related to environmental matters included in other liabilities may have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations in the period recognized, however, because of the availability of legal defenses, the Company's preliminary assessment of actions that may be required, and, if applicable, the expected sharing of costs, management does not believe that the Company's liability for these environmental matters, individually or in the aggregate, will be material to the Company's consolidated financial position, results or operations, or cash flows. The Company's total reserve for environmental loss contingencies was $287 million at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Environmental Remediation and Environmental Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company's total environmental reserve that management believes to be probable and reasonably estimable for environmental contingencies, including remediation costs and asset retirement obligations, is included as part of "Payables and other current liabilities" and "Other long-term liabilities" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as follows:
| (Dollars in millions) | September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | |||||||||
| Environmental contingent liabilities, current | $ | 15 | $ | 20 | |||||||
| Environmental contingent liabilities, long-term | 272 | 267 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 287 | $ | 287 | |||||||
Environmental Remediation
Estimated future environmental expenditures for undiscounted remediation costs ranged from the best estimate or minimum of $260 million to the maximum of $504 million at September 30, 2020 and from the best estimate or minimum of $260 million to the maximum of $487 million at December 31, 2019. The best estimate or minimum estimated future environmental expenditures are considered to be probable and reasonably estimable and include the amounts recognized at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
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Reserves for environmental remediation include liabilities expected to be paid within approximately 30 years. The amounts charged to pre-tax earnings for environmental remediation and related charges are included within "Cost of sales" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings. Changes in the reserves for environmental remediation liabilities during first nine months 2020 and full year 2019 are summarized below:
| (Dollars in millions) | Environmental Remediation Liabilities | ||||
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 271 | |||
| Changes in estimates recognized in earnings and other | 4 | ||||
| Cash reductions | (15) | ||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | 260 | ||||
| Changes in estimates recognized in earnings and other | 9 | ||||
| Cash reductions | (9) | ||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 260 | |||
Environmental Asset Retirement Obligations
An asset retirement obligation is an obligation for the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset that is incurred upon the acquisition, construction, development, or normal operation of that long-lived asset. The Company recognizes asset retirement obligations in the period in which they are incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The asset retirement obligations are discounted to expected present value and subsequently adjusted for changes in fair value. The associated estimated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying value of the long-lived assets and depreciated over their useful life. Environmental asset retirement obligations consist primarily of closure and post-closure costs. For sites that have environmental asset retirement obligations, the best estimate recognized to date for these environmental asset retirement obligation costs was $27 million at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Non-Environmental Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company has contractual asset retirement obligations not associated with environmental liabilities. Eastman's non-environmental asset retirement obligations are primarily associated with the future closure of leased manufacturing assets at Pace, Florida and Oulu, Finland. These recognized non-environmental asset retirement obligations were $50 million and $48 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is included as part of "Other long-term liabilities" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
10.LEGAL MATTERS
From time to time, Eastman and its operations are parties to, or targets of, lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings, including product liability, personal injury, asbestos, patent and intellectual property, commercial, contract, environmental, antitrust, health and safety, and employment matters, which are handled and defended in the ordinary course of business. While the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these matters, it does not believe, based upon currently available facts, that the ultimate resolution of any such pending matters will have a material adverse effect on its overall financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
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11.STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Reconciliations of the changes in stockholders' equity for third quarter 2020 and 2019 are provided below:
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amount) | Common Stock at Par Value | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock at Cost | Total Eastman Stockholders' Equity | Noncontrolling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | 2 | $ | 2,117 | $ | 8,071 | $ | (209) | $ | (3,960) | $ | 6,021 | $ | 77 | $ | 6,098 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Earnings | — | — | 161 | — | — | 161 | 4 | 165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash Dividends Declared (1) ($0.66 per share) | — | — | (90) | — | — | (90) | — | (90) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | — | — | — | (34) | — | (34) | — | (34) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share Based Compensation Expense (2) | — | 11 | — | — | — | 11 | — | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock Option Exercises | — | 6 | — | — | — | 6 | — | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 2 | $ | 2,134 | $ | 8,142 | $ | (243) | $ | (3,960) | $ | 6,075 | $ | 81 | $ | 6,156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amount) | Common Stock at Par Value | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock at Cost | Total Eastman Stockholders' Equity | Noncontrolling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | 2 | $ | 2,079 | $ | 7,848 | $ | (235) | $ | (3,825) | $ | 5,869 | $ | 77 | $ | 5,946 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Earnings | — | — | 266 | — | — | 266 | 1 | 267 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash Dividends Declared (1) ($0.62 per share) | — | — | (85) | — | — | (85) | — | (85) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | — | — | — | 32 | — | 32 | — | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share Based Compensation Expense (2) | — | 13 | — | — | — | 13 | — | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | — | — | — | (1) | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share Repurchase | — | — | — | — | (75) | (75) | — | (75) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 2 | $ | 2,092 | $ | 8,029 | $ | (203) | $ | (3,900) | $ | 6,020 | $ | 77 | $ | 6,097 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Cash dividends declared consists of cash dividends paid and dividends declared but unpaid.
(2)Share-based compensation expense is the fair value of share-based awards.
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Reconciliations of the changes in stockholders' equity for first nine months 2020 and 2019 are provided below:
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amount) | Common Stock at Par Value | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock at Cost | Total Eastman Stockholders' Equity | Noncontrolling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 2 | $ | 2,105 | $ | 7,965 | $ | (214) | $ | (3,900) | $ | 5,958 | $ | 74 | $ | 6,032 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Earnings | — | — | 446 | — | — | 446 | 9 | 455 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash Dividends Declared (1) ($1.98 per share) | — | — | (269) | — | — | (269) | — | (269) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | — | — | — | (29) | — | (29) | — | (29) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-Based Compensation Expense (2) | — | 31 | — | — | — | 31 | — | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock Option Exercises | — | 9 | — | — | — | 9 | — | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (3) | — | (11) | — | — | — | (11) | 1 | (10) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share Repurchases | — | — | — | — | (60) | (60) | — | (60) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to Noncontrolling Interest | — | — | — | — | — | — | (3) | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 2 | $ | 2,134 | $ | 8,142 | $ | (243) | $ | (3,960) | $ | 6,075 | $ | 81 | $ | 6,156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amount) | Common Stock at Par Value | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock at Cost | Total Eastman Stockholders' Equity | Noncontrolling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 2 | $ | 2,048 | $ | 7,573 | $ | (245) | $ | (3,575) | $ | 5,803 | $ | 75 | $ | 5,878 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative Effect of Adoption of New Accounting Standards (4) | — | — | (20) | 20 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Earnings | — | — | 733 | — | — | 733 | 2 | 735 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash Dividends Declared (1) ($1.86 per share) | — | — | (257) | — | — | (257) | — | (257) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | — | — | — | 22 | — | 22 | — | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-Based Compensation Expense (2) | — | 46 | — | — | — | 46 | — | 46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock Option Exercises | — | 8 | — | — | — | 8 | — | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (3) | — | (10) | — | — | — | (10) | — | (10) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share Repurchases | — | — | — | — | (325) | (325) | — | (325) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 2 | $ | 2,092 | $ | 8,029 | $ | (203) | $ | (3,900) | $ | 6,020 | $ | 77 | $ | 6,097 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Cash dividends declared consists of cash dividends paid and dividends declared but unpaid.
(2)Share-based compensation expense is the fair value of share-based awards.
(3)Additional paid-in capital consists of value of shares withheld for employees' taxes on vesting of share-based compensation awards.
(4)On January 1, 2019, Eastman adopted ASU 2018-02 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income resulting in the reclassification of $20 million of stranded tax expense from AOCI to retained earnings.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax
| (Dollars in millions) | Cumulative Translation Adjustment | Benefit Plans Unrecognized Prior Service Credits | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments | Unrealized Losses on Investments | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (309) | $ | 106 | $ | (41) | $ | (1) | $ | (245) | |||||||||||||||||||
Period change (1) | 45 | — | (14) | — | 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | (264) | 106 | (55) | (1) | (214) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period change | (15) | (21) | 7 | — | (29) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | (279) | $ | 85 | $ | (48) | $ | (1) | $ | (243) | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Benefit plans unrecognized prior service credits includes $29 million reclassification of stranded tax expense from AOCI to retained earnings and unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments includes $9 million reclassification of stranded tax benefit from AOCI to retained earnings.
Amounts of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented net of applicable taxes. Eastman recognizes deferred income taxes on the CTA related to branch operations and income from other entities included in the Company's consolidated U.S. tax return. No deferred income taxes are recognized on the CTA of other subsidiaries outside the United States, because the CTA is considered to be a component of indefinitely invested, unremitted earnings of these foreign subsidiaries.
Components of other comprehensive income recognized in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings are presented below, before tax and net of tax effects:
| Third Quarter | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Before Tax | Net of Tax | Before Tax | Net of Tax | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in cumulative translation adjustment | $ | (20) | $ | (20) | $ | 23 | $ | 23 | |||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits | (9) | (7) | (9) | (7) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives and hedging: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) during period | (17) | (13) | 13 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income, net | 7 | 6 | 8 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (39) | $ | (34) | $ | 35 | $ | 32 | |||||||||||||||
| First Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Before Tax | Net of Tax | Before Tax | Net of Tax | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in cumulative translation adjustment | $ | (15) | $ | (15) | $ | 40 | $ | 40 | |||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits | (28) | (21) | (29) | (22) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives and hedging: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) during period | (12) | (9) | (3) | (2) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income, net | 21 | 16 | 8 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (34) | $ | (29) | $ | 16 | $ | 22 | |||||||||||||||
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12.EARNINGS AND DIVIDENDS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") which are calculated using the treasury stock method:
| Third Quarter | First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings attributable to Eastman, net of tax | $ | 161 | $ | 266 | $ | 446 | $ | 733 | |||||||||||||||
| Denominator | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares used for basic EPS | 135.3 | 136.8 | 135.5 | 137.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of stock options and other awards | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares used for diluted EPS | 136.3 | 137.8 | 136.4 | 138.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Calculated using whole dollars and shares) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| EPS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.19 | $ | 1.95 | $ | 3.29 | $ | 5.31 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 1.18 | $ | 1.93 | $ | 3.27 | $ | 5.27 | |||||||||||||||
Shares underlying stock options excluded from third quarter 2020 and 2019 calculations of diluted EPS were 2,247,621 and 2,620,529, respectively, because the grant date exercise price of these options was greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock and the effect of including them in the calculation of diluted EPS would have been antidilutive. Third quarter 2019 reflects share repurchases of 1,032,623. There were no shares repurchased in third quarter 2020.
Shares underlying stock options excluded from first nine months 2020 and 2019 calculations of diluted EPS were 2,809,028 and 2,219,514, respectively, because the grant date exercise price of these options was greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock and the effect of including them in the calculation of diluted EPS would have been antidilutive. First nine months 2020 and 2019 reflects share repurchases of 1,134,052 and 4,282,409, respectively.
The Company declared cash dividends of $0.66 and $0.62 per share for third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1.98 and $1.86 per share for first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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13.ASSET IMPAIRMENTS AND RESTRUCTURING CHARGES, NET
| (Dollars in millions) | Third Quarter | First Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Asset Impairments | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Site optimizations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Tire additives (1) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 5 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
AM - Performance films (2) | — | — | 4 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Animal nutrition (3) | — | — | 3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Discontinuation of growth initiatives (4) | — | — | 8 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| — | — | 20 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible Asset Impairments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Tradenames (5) | — | — | 123 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Customer relationships (6) | — | — | 2 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| — | — | 125 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Severance Charges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Business improvement and cost reduction actions (7) | 46 | 1 | 46 | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||
CI & AFP - Singapore (8) | 2 | — | 5 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Site optimizations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
AM - Advanced interlayers (9) | 3 | — | 3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Tire additives (1) | 1 | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AM - Performance films (2) | — | — | 3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Animal nutrition (3) | — | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| 52 | 1 | 59 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Restructuring Costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost reduction initiatives (7) | 7 | 1 | 7 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Discontinuation of growth initiatives contract termination fees (4) | 1 | — | 4 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Discontinued capital project (10) | — | — | — | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 1 | 11 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 60 | $ | 2 | $ | 215 | $ | 52 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Fixed asset impairments and severance in the Additives & Functional Products ("AFP") segment from the closure of a tire additives manufacturing facility in Asia Pacific as part of ongoing site optimization.
(2)Fixed asset impairments and severance in the Advanced Materials ("AM") segment from the closure of a performance films manufacturing facility in North America as part of ongoing site optimization.
(3)Fixed asset impairments and severance in the AFP segment from the closure of an animal nutrition manufacturing facility in Asia Pacific as part of ongoing site optimization.
(4)Fixed asset impairments and contract termination fees resulting from management's decision to discontinue growth initiatives for polyester based microfibers, including Avra™ performance fibers, the financial results of which were not allocated to an operating segment and reported in "Other".
(5)Intangible asset impairment charges in the AFP segment tire additives business to reduce the carrying values of the Crystex™ and Santoflex™ tradenames to the estimated fair values. The estimated fair values were determined using an income approach, specifically, the relief from royalty method, including some unobservable inputs. The impairments are primarily the result of weakened demand in transportation markets impacted by COVID-19 and increased competitive pricing pressure as a result of global capacity increases.
(6)Intangible asset impairment charge in the AFP segment for customer relationships.
(7)Severance and related costs as part of business improvement and cost reduction initiatives which were reported in "Other".
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(8)Severance charges of $1 million and $4 million in third quarter and first nine months 2020, respectively, in the Chemical Intermediates ("CI") segment, and $1 million in both third quarter and first nine months 2020 in the AFP segment, resulting from the previously disclosed plan to discontinue production of certain products at the Singapore manufacturing site. Restructuring charges totaling up to $50 million are expected through 2020 and 2021 for this action.
(9)Severance in the AM segment due to the closure of an advanced interlayers manufacturing facility in North America as part of ongoing site optimization. In addition, accelerated depreciation of $7 million was recognized in "Cost of sales" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings in third quarter 2020 related to the closure of this facility. Management expects total charges of up to $30 million, mostly in "Cost of sales" and in "Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings, in 2020 and 2021 for the closure of this facility.
(10)Additional restructuring charge related to a capital project in the AFP segment that was discontinued in 2016.
Changes in Reserves
The following table summarizes the changes in asset impairments and restructuring charges, the non-cash reductions attributable to asset impairments, and the cash reductions in restructuring reserves for severance costs and site closure costs paid in first nine months 2020 and full year 2019:
| (Dollars in millions) | Balance at January 1, 2020 | Provision/ Adjustments | Non-cash Reductions/ Additions | Cash Reductions | Balance at September 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash charges | $ | — | $ | 145 | $ | (145) | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Severance costs | 17 | 60 | — | (12) | 65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other restructuring costs | 11 | 10 | — | (8) | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 28 | $ | 215 | $ | (145) | $ | (20) | $ | 78 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | Balance at January 1, 2019 | Provision/ Adjustments | Non-cash Reductions/ Additions | Cash Reductions | Balance at December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash charges | $ | — | $ | 72 | $ | (72) | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Severance costs | 6 | 45 | — | (34) | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other restructuring costs | 8 | 9 | 1 | (7) | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 14 | $ | 126 | $ | (71) | $ | (41) | $ | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||
Substantially all severance costs remaining are expected to be applied to the reserves within one year.
14.SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION AWARDS
The Company utilizes share-based awards under employee and non-employee director compensation programs. These share-based awards have included restricted and unrestricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options, and performance shares. In third quarter 2020 and 2019, $11 million and $13 million, respectively, of compensation expense before tax were recognized in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for all share-based awards. The impact on third quarter 2020 and 2019 net earnings of $8 million and $9 million, respectively, is net of deferred tax expense related to share-based award compensation for each period.
In first nine months 2020 and 2019, $31 million and $46 million, respectively, of compensation expense before tax were recognized in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for all share-based awards. The impact on first nine months 2020 and 2019 net earnings of $23 million and $34 million, respectively, is net of deferred tax expense related to share-based award compensation for each period.
For additional information regarding share-based compensation plans and awards, see Note 17, "Share-Based Compensation Plans and Awards", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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15.SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Included in the line item "Other items, net" of the "Operating activities" section of the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows are the following changes to Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Financial Position:
| (Dollars in millions) | First Nine Months | ||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Other current assets | $ | (1) | $ | 23 | |||||||
| Other noncurrent assets | (9) | 13 | |||||||||
| Payables and other current liabilities | 42 | 79 | |||||||||
| Long-term liabilities and equity | 71 | (25) | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 103 | $ | 90 | |||||||
The above changes resulted primarily from accrued taxes, deferred taxes, environmental liabilities, monetized positions from raw material and energy, currency, and certain interest rate hedges, prepaid insurance, miscellaneous deferrals, value-added taxes, and other miscellaneous receivables and accruals.
16.SEGMENT AND REGIONAL SALES INFORMATION
Eastman's products and operations are managed and reported in four operating segments: Additives & Functional Products ("AFP"), Advanced Materials ("AM"), Chemical Intermediates ("CI"), and Fibers. The economic factors that impact the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows vary among the Company's business operating segments and the geographical regions in which they operate. For disaggregation of revenue by major product lines and regions for each business operating segment, see Note 19, "Segment and Regional Sales Information", to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For additional financial information for each segment, see Part I, Item 1, "Business - Business Segments", in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| (Dollars in millions) | Third Quarter | First Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales by Segment | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Additives & Functional Products | $ | 742 | $ | 832 | $ | 2,249 | $ | 2,510 | |||||||||||||||
| Advanced Materials | 668 | 697 | 1,850 | 2,050 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Intermediates | 506 | 579 | 1,559 | 1,865 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fibers | 206 | 217 | 629 | 643 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Sales | $ | 2,122 | $ | 2,325 | $ | 6,287 | $ | 7,068 | |||||||||||||||
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| (Dollars in millions) | Third Quarter | First Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (Loss) Before Interest and Taxes by Segment | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Additives & Functional Products | $ | 107 | $ | 144 | $ | 194 | $ | 437 | |||||||||||||||
| Advanced Materials | 129 | 159 | 293 | 406 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Intermediates | 31 | 34 | 131 | 170 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fibers | 41 | 51 | 140 | 144 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Earnings Before Interest and Taxes by Operating Segment | 308 | 388 | 758 | 1,157 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth initiatives and businesses not allocated to operating segments | (22) | (26) | (73) | (78) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Pension and other postretirement benefits income (expense), net not allocated to operating segments | 21 | 12 | 62 | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | (54) | (2) | (65) | (48) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (charges), net not allocated to operating segments | (10) | (5) | (17) | (8) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Earnings Before Interest and Taxes | $ | 243 | $ | 367 | $ | 665 | $ | 1,058 | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | September 30, | December 31, | |||||||||
Assets by Segment (1) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Additives & Functional Products | $ | 6,142 | $ | 6,387 | |||||||
| Advanced Materials | 4,358 | 4,415 | |||||||||
| Chemical Intermediates | 2,616 | 2,775 | |||||||||
| Fibers | 986 | 1,014 | |||||||||
| Total Assets by Operating Segment | 14,102 | 14,591 | |||||||||
| Corporate Assets | 1,907 | 1,417 | |||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 16,009 | $ | 16,008 | |||||||
(1)Segment assets include accounts receivable, inventory, fixed assets, goodwill, and intangible assets.
| (Dollars in millions) | Third Quarter | First Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales by Customer Location | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| United States and Canada | $ | 894 | $ | 966 | $ | 2,660 | $ | 2,961 | |||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific | 547 | 602 | 1,565 | 1,729 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa | 556 | 611 | 1,713 | 1,949 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Latin America | 125 | 146 | 349 | 429 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Sales | $ | 2,122 | $ | 2,325 | $ | 6,287 | $ | 7,068 | |||||||||||||||
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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Page
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is based upon the consolidated financial statements of Eastman Chemical Company ("Eastman" or the "Company"), which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"), and should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements, including related notes, and MD&A contained in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements, including related notes, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All references to earnings per share ("EPS") contained in this report are diluted EPS unless otherwise noted.
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CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Non-GAAP financial measures, and the accompanying reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measures, are presented below in this section and in "Overview", "Results of Operations", "Summary by Operating Segment", and "Liquidity and Other Financial Information" in this MD&A.
Management discloses non-GAAP financial measures, and the related reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP financial measures, because it believes investors use these metrics in evaluating longer term period-over-period performance, and to allow investors to better understand and evaluate the information used by management to assess the Company's and its operating segments' performances, make resource allocation decisions, and evaluate organizational and individual performances in determining certain performance-based compensation. Non-GAAP financial measures do not have definitions under GAAP, and may be defined differently by, and not be comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies. As a result, management cautions investors not to place undue reliance on any non-GAAP financial measure, but to consider such measures alongside the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.
Company Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Non-Core Items and any Unusual or Non-Recurring Items Excluded from Non-GAAP Earnings
In addition to evaluating Eastman's financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and cash flows as reported in accordance with GAAP, management also evaluates Company and operating segment performance, and makes resource allocation and performance evaluation decisions, excluding the effect of transactions, costs, and losses or gains that do not directly result from Eastman's normal, or "core", business and operations or are otherwise of an unusual or non-recurring nature.
•Non-core transactions, costs, and losses or gains relate to, among other things, cost reductions, growth and profitability improvement initiatives, and other events outside of core business operations, and have included asset impairments and restructuring charges and gains, costs of and related to acquisitions, gains and losses from and costs related to dispositions, closure, or shutdowns of businesses or assets, financing transaction costs, and mark-to-market losses or gains for pension and other postretirement benefit plans.
•In first nine months 2019, the Company recognized an unusual increase to earnings from adjustments of the provision for income taxes resulting from tax law changes, primarily the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Reform Act"), and the tax impact of the related outside-U.S. entity reorganizations. Management considers these actions and associated costs and income unusual because of the infrequent nature of such changes in tax law and resulting actions and the significant one-time impacts on earnings.
Because non-core, unusual, or non-recurring transactions, costs, and losses or gains may materially affect the Company's, or any particular operating segment's, financial condition or results in a specific period in which they are recognized, management believes it is appropriate to evaluate both the financial measures prepared and calculated in accordance with GAAP and the related non-GAAP financial measures excluding the effect on the Company's results of these non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items. In addition to using such measures to evaluate results in a specific period, management evaluates such non-GAAP measures, and believes that investors may also evaluate such measures, because such measures may provide more complete and consistent comparisons of the Company's and its segments' operational performance on a period-over-period historical basis and, as a result, provide a better indication of expected future trends.
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CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Adjusted Tax Rate and Provision for Income Taxes
In interim periods, Eastman discloses non-GAAP earnings with an adjusted effective tax rate and a resulting adjusted provision for income taxes using the Company's forecasted tax rate for the full year as of the end of the interim period. The adjusted effective tax rate and resulting adjusted provision for income taxes are equal to the Company's projected full year effective tax rate and provision for income taxes on earnings excluding non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items for completed periods. The adjusted effective tax rate and resulting adjusted provision for income taxes may fluctuate during the year for changes in events and circumstances that change the Company's forecasted annual effective tax rate and resulting provision for income taxes excluding non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items. Management discloses this adjusted effective tax rate, and the related reconciliation to the GAAP effective tax rate, to provide investors more complete and consistent comparisons of the Company's operational performance on a period-over-period interim basis and on the same basis as management evaluates quarterly financial results to provide a better indication of expected full year results.
Non-GAAP Cash Flow Measures
Eastman regularly evaluates and discloses to investors and securities analysts an alternative non-GAAP measure of "free cash flow", which management defines as cash provided by or used in operating activities less the amount of net capital expenditures (typically the GAAP measure additions to properties and equipment). Such net capital expenditures are generally funded from available cash and, as such, management believes they should be considered in determining free cash flow. Management believes this is an appropriate metric to assess the Company's ability to fund priorities for uses of available cash. The priorities for cash after funding operations include payment of quarterly dividends, repayment of debt, funding targeted growth opportunities, and repurchasing shares. Management believes this metric is useful to investors and securities analysts to provide them with information similar to that used by management in evaluating financial performance and potential future cash available for various initiatives and assessing organizational performance in determining certain performance-based compensation and because management believes investors and securities analysts often use a similar measure of free cash flow to compare the results, and value, of comparable companies. In addition, Eastman may disclose to investors and securities analysts an alternative non-GAAP measure of "free cash flow yield", which management defines as annual free cash flow divided by the Company's market capitalization. Management believes this metric is useful to investors and securities analysts in comparing cash flow generation with that of peer and other companies.
Non-GAAP Debt Measure
Eastman from time to time evaluates and discloses to investors and securities and credit analysts the non-GAAP debt measure "net debt", which management defines as total borrowings less cash and cash equivalents. Management believes this metric is useful to investors and securities and credit analysts to provide them with information similar to that used by management in evaluating the Company's overall financial position, liquidity, and leverage and because management believes investors, securities analysts, credit analysts and rating agencies, and lenders often use a similar measure to assess and compare companies' relative financial position and liquidity.
Non-GAAP Measures in this Quarterly Report
The following non-core items are excluded by management in its evaluation of certain earnings results in this Quarterly Report:
•Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net,
•Accelerated depreciation resulting from the closure of a manufacturing facility as part of ongoing site optimization, and
•Early debt extinguishment costs resulting from repayment of borrowings.
The following unusual item is excluded by management in its evaluation of certain earnings results in this Quarterly Report:
•Adjustments to the provision for income taxes resulting from fourth quarter 2017 tax law changes, primarily the Tax Reform Act, and related outside-U.S. entity reorganizations.
As described above, the alternative non-GAAP measures of cash flow, free cash flow, and of debt, net debt, are also presented in this Quarterly Report.
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CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Excluded Non-Core and Unusual Items and Adjustments to Provision for Income Taxes
| Third Quarter | First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-core items impacting earnings before interest and taxes: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | $ | 60 | $ | 2 | $ | 215 | $ | 52 | |||||||||||||||
| Accelerated depreciation | 7 | — | 7 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-core items impacting earnings before interest and taxes | 67 | 2 | 222 | 52 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-core item impacting earnings before income taxes: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early debt extinguishment costs | 1 | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-core item impacting earnings before income taxes | 1 | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Items impacting provision for income taxes: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax effect of non-core items | 17 | 1 | 53 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments from tax law changes and outside-U.S. entity reorganizations | — | — | — | (7) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interim adjustment to tax provision | (2) | — | 9 | (13) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total items impacting provision for income taxes | 15 | 1 | 62 | (7) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total items impacting net earnings attributable to Eastman | $ | 53 | $ | 1 | $ | 161 | $ | 59 | |||||||||||||||
This MD&A includes an analysis of the effect of the foregoing on the following GAAP financial measures:
•Gross profit,
•Earnings before interest and taxes ("EBIT"),
•Provision for income taxes,
•Net earnings attributable to Eastman,
•Diluted EPS, and
•Net cash provided by operating activities.
Other Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Alternative Non-GAAP Cash Flow Measures
In addition to the non-GAAP measures presented in this Quarterly Report and other periodic reports, management occasionally has evaluated and disclosed to investors and securities analysts the non-GAAP measure cash provided by or used in operating activities excluding certain non-core, unusual, or non-recurring sources or uses of cash or including cash from or used by activities that are managed as part of core business operations ("adjusted cash provided by or used in operating activities") when analyzing, among other things, business performance, liquidity and financial position, and performance-based compensation. Management has used this non-GAAP measure in conjunction with the GAAP measure cash provided by or used in operating activities because it believes it is an appropriate metric to evaluate the cash flows from Eastman's core operations that are available for organic and inorganic growth initiatives and because it allows for a more consistent period-over-period presentation of such amounts. In its evaluation, management generally excludes the impact of certain non-core activities and decisions of management that it considers not core, ongoing components of operations and the decisions to undertake or not to undertake such activities may be made irrespective of the cash generated from operations, and generally includes cash from or used in activities that are managed as operating activities and in business operating decisions. Management has disclosed this non-GAAP measure and the related reconciliation to investors and securities analysts to allow them to better understand and evaluate the information used by management in its decision-making processes and because management believes investors and securities analysts use similar measures to assess Company performance, liquidity, and financial position over multiple periods and to compare these with other companies.
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CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Alternative Non-GAAP Earnings Measures
From time to time, Eastman may also disclose to investors and securities analysts the non-GAAP earnings measures "EBIT Margin", "Adjusted EBITDA", "EBITDA Margin", and "Return on Invested Capital" (or "ROIC"). Management defines EBIT Margin as the GAAP measure EBIT adjusted to exclude the same non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items as are excluded from the Company's other non-GAAP earnings measures for the same periods divided by the GAAP measure sales in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for the same period. Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA (net earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) adjusted to exclude the same non-core, unusual, or non-recurring items as are excluded from the Company's other non-GAAP earnings measures for the same periods. EBITDA Margin is Adjusted EBITDA divided by the GAAP measure sales in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings for the same periods. Management defines ROIC as net earnings plus interest expense after tax divided by average total borrowings plus average stockholders' equity for the periods presented, each derived from the GAAP measures in the Company's financial statements for the periods presented. Management believes that EBIT Margin, Adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA Margin, and ROIC are useful as supplemental measures in evaluating the performance of and returns from Eastman's operating businesses, and from time to time uses such measures in internal performance calculations. Further, management understands that investors and securities analysts often use similar measures of EBIT Margin, Adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA Margin, and ROIC to compare the results, returns, and value of the Company with those of peer and other companies.
OVERVIEW
Eastman's products and operations are managed and reported in four operating segments: Additives & Functional Products ("AFP"), Advanced Materials ("AM"), Chemical Intermediates ("CI"), and Fibers. Eastman uses an innovation-driven growth model which consists of leveraging world class scalable technology platforms, delivering differentiated application development capabilities, and relentlessly engaging the market. The Company's world class technology platforms form the foundation of sustainable growth by differentiated products through significant scale advantages in research and development ("R&D") and advantaged global market access. Differentiated application development converts market complexity into opportunities for growth and accelerates innovation by enabling a deeper understanding of the value of Eastman's products and how they perform within customers' and end-users' products. Key areas of application development include thermoplastic conversion, functional films, coatings formulations, rubber additive formulations, adhesives formulations, nonwovens and textiles, animal nutrition, and chemical and plastics recycling technologies. The Company engages the market by working directly with customers and downstream users, targeting attractive niche markets, and leveraging disruptive macro trends. Management believes that these elements of the Company's innovation-driven growth model, combined with disciplined portfolio management and balanced capital deployment, will result in consistent, sustainable earnings growth and strong cash flow.
The Company generated sales revenue of $2.1 billion and $2.3 billion in third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $6.3 billion and $7.1 billion in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. EBIT was $243 million and $367 million in third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $665 million and $1.058 billion in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. Excluding the non-core and unusual items identified in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures", adjusted EBIT was $310 million and $369 million in third quarter 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $887 million and $1.11 billion in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. Sales revenue decreased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 primarily due to lower sales volume and lower selling prices. As overall economic conditions improved through the third quarter, sales volume recovered to five percent below 2019 levels. Sales volume for products serving end-markets negatively impacted by the COVID-19 coronavirus global pandemic ("COVID-19"), including transportation, building and construction, and consumer durables, increased compared to second quarter 2020. Sales volume for products used in certain resilient end-markets positively impacted by COVID-19, including consumables, personal care, and medical, declined compared to second quarter 2020. As sales volume improved throughout the third quarter 2020, the Company increased capacity utilization across all available assets. Lower selling prices in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 were primarily due to lower raw material prices. Adjusted EBIT decreased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 due to lower sales volume, reduced capacity utilization, and less favorable product mix, partially offset by the impact of cost reduction actions.
Further discussion of sales revenue and EBIT changes is presented in "Results of Operations" and "Summary by Operating Segment" in this MD&A.
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CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net earnings and EPS and adjusted net earnings and EPS were as follows:
| Third Quarter | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except EPS) | $ | EPS | $ | EPS | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings attributable to Eastman | $ | 161 | $ | 1.18 | $ | 266 | $ | 1.93 | |||||||||||||||
| Total non-core and unusual items, net of tax | 51 | 0.37 | 1 | 0.01 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interim adjustment to tax provision | 2 | 0.02 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted net earnings | $ | 214 | $ | 1.57 | $ | 267 | $ | 1.94 | |||||||||||||||
| First Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except EPS) | $ | EPS | $ | EPS | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings attributable to Eastman | $ | 446 | $ | 3.27 | $ | 733 | $ | 5.27 | |||||||||||||||
| Total non-core and unusual items, net of tax | 170 | 1.24 | 46 | 0.34 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interim adjustment to tax provision | (9) | (0.06) | 13 | 0.09 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted net earnings | $ | 607 | $ | 4.45 | $ | 792 | $ | 5.70 | |||||||||||||||
Cash provided by operating activities was $1.049 billion and $833 million in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively. Free cash flow was $771 million and $525 million in first nine months 2020 and 2019, respectively.
COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Response and Impact
Following the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020, in March 2020 the U.S. Centers for Disease Control issued guidelines to mitigate the spread and health consequences of COVID-19. The Company implemented changes to its operations and business practices to follow the guidelines and minimize physical interaction, including using technology to allow employees to work from home when possible and altering production procedures and schedules.
In response to the uncertainties of the impact of COVID-19 (including on overall business and market conditions; Eastman manufacturing sites and distribution, sales, and service facilities closure or reduced availability; and Eastman products market demand weakness and supply chain disruption), management's focus shifted to cash flow, liquidity, and cost management.
As previously reported, as a precautionary measure due to increased financial market volatility resulting from COVID-19, Eastman took certain liquidity actions, including borrowing $400 million under the revolving credit agreement (the "Credit Facility") in first quarter 2020 and $250 million under a new 364-Day Term Loan Credit Agreement (the "Term Loan") in second quarter 2020. Borrowings under the Credit Facility were repaid in second quarter 2020 and borrowings under the Term Loan were repaid in third quarter 2020. The Company reduced net debt by $363 million in the first nine months 2020, and its cash balance as of September 30, 2020 was $650 million. See "Liquidity and Other Financial Information" for additional information.
In first nine months 2020, capacity utilization was substantially lower due to lower sales volume and the Company's focus on maximizing cash generation by reducing inventories, reducing EBIT approximately $205 million. Cost reduction actions in response to COVID-19, some of which are expected to be structural, included reduced discretionary spending, deferred asset maintenance turnarounds, and adjusted operations to ensure the health and safety of employees and contractors, totaling approximately $115 million in first nine months 2020 and are expected to total approximately $150 million for full year 2020, primarily in "Cost of sales" in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Earnings, Comprehensive Income and Retained Earnings. See "Summary by Operating Segment" and "Outlook" for additional information.
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CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Sales
| Third Quarter | First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | $ | % | 2020 | 2019 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 2,122 | $ | 2,325 | $ | (203) | (9) | % | $ | 6,287 | $ | 7,068 | $ | (781) | (11) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume / product mix effect | (117) | (5) | % | (422) | (6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Price effect | (100) | (5) | % | (345) | (5) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exchange rate effect | 14 | 1 | % | (14) | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales revenue decreased in third quarter and first nine months 2020 compared to third quarter and first nine months 2019 as a result of decreases in all operating segments. Further discussion by operating segment is presented in "Summary by Operating Segment" in this MD&A.
Gross Profit
| Third Quarter | First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 501 | $ | 574 | (13) | % | $ | 1,449 | $ | 1,737 | (17) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accelerated depreciation | 7 | — | 7 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit excluding non-core item | $ | 508 | $ | 574 | (11) | % | $ | 1,456 | $ | 1,737 | (16) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Third quarter and first nine months 2020 EBIT included accelerated depreciation resulting from the closure of an advanced interlayers manufacturing facility in North America in the AM segment as part of ongoing site optimization actions. Excluding this non-core item, gross profit decreased in third quarter and first nine months 2020 compared to third quarter and first nine months 2019 as a result of decreases in all operating segments. Further discussion of sales revenue and EBIT changes is presented in "Summary by Operating Segment" in this MD&A.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
| Third Quarter | First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 165 | $ | 163 | 1 | % | $ | 480 | $ | 515 | (7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, General and Administrative ("SG&A") expenses slightly increased in third quarter 2020 compared to third quarter 2019 primarily as a result of higher variable compensation costs mostly offset by cost reduction actions. SG&A expenses decreased in first nine months 2020 compared to first nine months 2019 primarily as a result of cost reduction actions.
Research and Development Expenses
| Third Quarter | First Nine Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | 2020 | 2019 | Change | 2020 | 2019 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | $ | 56 | $ | 59 | (5) | % | $ | 169 | $ | 174 | (3) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
R&D expenses decreased in third quarter and first nine months 2020 compared to third quarter and first nine months 2019 primarily due to cost reduction actions including increased focus on project prioritization.
38
| ||||||||
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Asset Impairments and Restructuring Charges, Net
| (Dollars in millions) | Third Quarter | First Nine Months | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Asset Impairments | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Site optimizations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Tire additives (1) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 5 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
AM - Performance films (2) | — | — | 4 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Animal nutrition (3) | — | — | 3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Discontinuation of growth initiatives (4) | — | — | 8 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| — | — | 20 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible Asset Impairments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
AFP -Tradenames (5) | — | — | 123 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Customer relationships (6) | — | — | 2 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| — | — | 125 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Severance Charges | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Business improvement and cost reduction initiatives (7) | 46 | 1 | 46 | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||
CI & AFP - Singapore (8) | 2 | — | 5 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Site optimizations | |||||||||||||||||||||||
AM - Advanced interlayers (9) | 3 | — | 3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Tire additives (1) | 1 | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AM - Performance films (2) | — | — | 3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Animal nutrition (3) | — | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| 52 | 1 | 59 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Restructuring Costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost reduction initiatives (7) | 7 | 1 | 7 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Discontinuation of growth initiatives contract termination fees (4) | 1 | — | 4 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
AFP - Discontinued capital project (10) | — | — | — | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 1 | 11 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||