EASTMAN KODAK CO - Annual Report: 2018 (Form 10-K)

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the year ended December 31, 2018 or

☐Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from _____ to_____

Commission File Number 1-87

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:585-724-4000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T  (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.

See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2018 was approximately $67 million.  The registrant has no non-voting common stock.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock as of March 1, 2019 was 42,974,257 shares of common stock.

Eastman Kodak Company

Form 10-K

December 31, 2018

Table of Contents

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PART I

When used in this report, unless otherwise indicated by the context, “we,” “our,” “us,” and “Kodak” refer to the consolidated company on the basis of consolidation described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K Report.  Also, unless otherwise indicated by the context, “EKC” means the parent company, Eastman Kodak Company (the “Company”).

Kodak provides directly, and through partnerships with other innovative companies, hardware, software, consumables and services to customers in graphic arts, commercial print, publishing, electronic displays, entertainment and commercial films, and consumer products markets.  With its world-class R&D capabilities, innovative solutions portfolio and highly trusted brand, Kodak is helping customers around the globe to sustainably grow their own businesses and enjoy their lives.

Kodak is a global commercial printing and imaging company with proprietary technologies in materials science, digital imaging science and software, and deposition processes (methods whereby one or more layers of various materials in gaseous, liquid or small particle form are deposited on a substrate in precise quantities and positions).  Kodak leverages its core technology products and services to develop solutions for the product goods packaging and graphic communications markets, and is developing products for the functional printing market. Kodak also offers brand licensing and intellectual property opportunities, provides products and services for motion pictures and other commercial films, and sells ink to its existing installed consumer inkjet printer base.

Kodak’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis of accounting, which assumes Kodak will continue to operate as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.  Refer to Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Principles” in the Notes to Financial Statements for additional information.

The Company was founded by George Eastman in 1880 and incorporated in 1901 in the State of New Jersey.  Kodak is headquartered in Rochester, New York.

REPORTABLE SEGMENTS

Kodak has six reportable segments:  Print Systems, Enterprise Inkjet Systems, Software and Solutions, Consumer and Film, Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology and Eastman Business Park.  

Print Systems

The Print Systems segment is comprised of Prepress Solutions, which includes Kodak’s digital offset plate offerings and computer-to-plate imaging solutions, and Electrophotographic Printing Solutions, which offers high-quality digital printing solutions using electrically charged toner-based technology.  The Print Systems segment provides digital and traditional product and service offerings to a variety of commercial industries, including commercial print, direct mail, book publishing, newspapers and magazines and packaging.  While the businesses in this segment are experiencing pricing pressure, innovations in Kodak product lines that can command premium prices offset some of the long-term market price erosion.

Prepress Solutions capitalizes on a contract-based, stable and recurring cash flow-generative business model. The average duration of customer contracts is two years. These contracts offer stability and generate recurring revenue. The core of the business is the manufacturing of aluminum digital printing plates of varying sizes. These plates can be as small as 23cm x 27cm and as large as 126cm x 287cm.  Unexposed plates are sold to commercial printing companies for use in the offset printing process. Kodak also manufactures equipment, known as Computer to Plate (“CTP”) equipment, which images the plates with a laser. The plates are used in the offset printing process, which transfers ink from the plate onto a rubber blanket and then onto the substrate to be printed. Due to the nature of the imaging and printing process, a new plate must be used for each printing run. As a result, there is a recurring revenue stream from the sale of these plates.

Prices for aluminum have risen over the past year, in part due to strong global demand and more recently due to the imposition of U.S. tariffs. Kodak seeks to mitigate the impact of high aluminum prices through a combination of price increases, commodity contracts, improved production efficiency and cost reduction initiatives.  In January 2019, Kodak received exemptions on U.S. tariffs for aluminum.

The Print Systems products and services are sold globally to customers through both a direct sales team as well as indirectly through dealers. Primary competitors are Fuji and Agfa.  Kodak expects to benefit from current industry trends, including customers’ increasing focus on sustainability initiatives, which strengthens demand for Kodak’s process-free solutions.  

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The Print Systems segment also provides service and support related to these products.

Enterprise Inkjet Systems

The Enterprise Inkjet Systems segment contains the Prosper business and the Versamark business. The Enterprise Inkjet Systems products include production press systems, consumables (primarily ink), inkjet components and services.  Enterprise Inkjet Systems products are distributed directly by Kodak and indirectly through dealers.  The markets that the Enterprise Inkjet Systems segment serves are highly competitive in variable printing applications like direct mail, newspapers, books, and packaging/labels.  Key competitors are HP, Canon, Ricoh, and Screen.

Net sales for Enterprise Inkjet Systems accounted for 10% of Kodak’s total net revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.  

Software and Solutions

The Software and Solutions segment is comprised of Unified Workflow Solutions and Kodak Technology Solutions, which includes enterprise services and solutions.  Unified Workflow Solutions is an established product line whereas Kodak Technology Solutions includes Kodak Services for Business (“KSB”) and Kodakit.  Sales in Kodak Technology Solutions are project-based and can vary from year to year depending on the nature and number of projects in existence that year.  

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Consumer and Film

The Consumer and Film segment is comprised of three lines of business: Consumer Products, Industrial Film and Chemicals, and Motion Picture.  Kodak’s Consumer and Film products are distributed directly by Kodak and indirectly through dealers.  Brand licensees use the Kodak brand on their products and use their own distribution channels.  Two Industrial Film and Chemicals customers represented approximately 30 percent of total Consumer and Film segment revenues.  China tariffs on U.S. made film are increasing material costs in China for printed circuit board film. Prolonged trade disputes with increasing tariffs could have incremental negative impacts on material costs.

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Net sales for Motion Picture and Industrial Film and Chemicals accounted for 12% and 11% of Kodak’s total net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology

The Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology segment contains the Kodak Research Laboratories and associated new business opportunities and intellectual property licensing not directly related to other business divisions.  Kodak conducts research and files patent applications with fundamental inventions from the Kodak Research Laboratories.  Additionally, Kodak continues to file new patent applications in areas aligned with its core businesses.  Via these core business patent applications along with the research inventions, Kodak maintains a large worldwide portfolio of pending applications and issued patents.  Because product solutions in Advanced Materials and 3D Printing are in the process of being commercialized or are new business opportunities, a higher-level of investment has been required.  Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology significantly reduced the level of this investment in the fourth quarter of 2017, concentrating on opportunities that are commercialized or nearly commercialized with identified markets and customers.

The Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology segment will also pursue partnership opportunities to commercialize materials and printed electronics technologies.  These partnerships may include non-recurring engineering payments for Kodak efforts to further develop such technologies into products.  Further, the Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology segment provides a wide range of analytical services and non-recurring engineering services to external clients at market rates for such services.

Eastman Business Park

The Eastman Business Park segment includes the operations of the Eastman Business Park, a more than 1,200-acre technology center and industrial complex in Rochester, New York and the leasing activities related to that space. A large portion of this facility is used in Kodak’s own manufacturing and other operations, while the remaining portion is occupied by external tenants or available for rent to external tenants.  Three tenants represented approximately 50% of total Eastman Business Park segment revenues in 2018.  A tenant that represented approximately 20% of segment revenues for the year ending December 31, 2018 did not renew its lease upon expiration in the third quarter of 2018.

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Discontinued operations of Kodak include the Flexographic Packaging business.  Refer to Note 27, “Discontinued Operations” in the Notes to Financial Statements for additional information.

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RAW MATERIALS

The raw materials used by Kodak are many and varied and are generally readily available.  Lithographic aluminum is the primary material used in the manufacture of offset printing plates.  Kodak procures lithographic aluminum coils from several suppliers with pricing based, in part, on either prevailing market prices for aluminum or on fixed prices for aluminum agreed to up to one year prior.   Electronic components are used in the manufacturing of commercial printers and other electronic devices.  The film and chemicals business uses many raw materials from a broad range of suppliers.  Most electronic components, raw materials and other components are generally available from multiple sources.  However, certain key electronic components, raw materials and other components included in the finished goods manufactured by Kodak and manufactured by and purchased from Kodak’s third-party suppliers are obtained from single or limited sources, which subjects Kodak to supply risks.

SEASONALITY OF BUSINESS

Equipment and plate unit sales generally are higher in the fourth quarter, resulting from customer or industry budgeting practices and buying patterns.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Kodak's general practice is to protect its investment in research and development and its freedom to use its inventions by obtaining patents.  The ownership of these patents contributes to Kodak's ability to provide industry-leading products.  Kodak holds portfolios of patents in several areas important to its business, including specific technologies such as flexographic and lithographic printing plates and related equipment systems; digital printing workflow and color management proofing systems; color and black-and-white electrophotographic printing systems including key press components and toners; commercial inkjet writing systems and components, presses and inks; consumer inkjet inks and media; functional printing materials, formulations, and deposition modalities; engineered microparticles for specific functions; security materials; embedded information; and color negative films, processing and print films.  Each of these areas is important to existing and emerging business opportunities that bear directly on Kodak's overall business performance.

Kodak's major products are not dependent upon one single, material patent.  Rather, the technologies that underlie Kodak's products are supported by an aggregation of patents having various remaining lives and expiration dates.  There is no individual patent, or group of patents, whose expiration is expected to have a material impact on Kodak's results of operations.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Kodak is subject to various laws and governmental regulations concerning environmental matters.  The U.S. federal environmental legislation and state regulatory programs having an impact on Kodak include the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the NY State Chemical Bulk Storage Regulations and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (the “Superfund Law”).

It is Kodak’s policy to carry out its business activities in a manner consistent with sound health, safety and environmental management practices, and to comply with applicable health, safety and environmental laws and regulations.  Kodak continues to engage in programs for environmental, health and safety protection and control.

Based upon information presently available, future costs associated with environmental compliance are not expected to have a material effect on Kodak's capital expenditures or competitive position, although costs could be material to a particular quarter or year.

EMPLOYMENT

At the end of 2018, Kodak employed the full time equivalent of approximately 5,400 people globally, of whom approximately 2,300 were employed in the U.S.  The actual number of employees may be greater because some individuals work part time.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Kodak files many reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (www.sec.gov), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K.  These reports, and amendments to these reports, are made available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after being electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC.  They are available through Kodak's website at www.Kodak.com.  To reach the SEC filings, follow the links to About Kodak, Investor Center, Financial Information and then SEC Filings.

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Kodak operates in rapidly changing economic and technological environments which present numerous risks, many of which are driven by factors it cannot control or predict. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, and results of operations. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below in addition to other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) section and the consolidated financial statements and related notes. The following discussion of “risk factors” identifies Kodak’s assessment of the most significant factors which may adversely affect its business, operations, financial position or future financial performance.  Additional risks and uncertainties Kodak is unaware of, or currently believes are not material, may also become important factors which could adversely affect its business, operations, financial position or future financial performance.

Risks Related to Kodak’s Business

If Kodak is not able to successfully implement its business plans, or experiences implementation delays in cost structure reduction, Kodak’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and liquidity could be negatively affected.

Kodak’s business plans are subject to a number of assumptions, projections, and analysis. If these assumptions prove to be incorrect, Kodak may be unsuccessful in executing its business plans or achieving the projected results, which could adversely impact its financial results and liquidity. In addition, Kodak continues to rationalize its workforce and streamline operations to a leaner and more focused organization aligned with its business initiatives. There are no assurances such measures will prove to be successful or the cost savings or other results it achieves through these plans will be consistent with its expectations. As a result, its results of operations, financial position and liquidity could be negatively impacted. If restructuring plans are not effectively managed, it may experience lost customer sales, product delays, additional costs and other unanticipated effects, causing harm to its business and customer relationships. Finally, the timing and implementation of these plans require compliance with numerous laws and regulations, including local labor laws, and the failure to comply with such requirements may result in damages, fines and penalties which could adversely affect Kodak’s business.

If Kodak cannot successfully manage and complete the divestiture of the Flexographic Packaging Division, the Company’s strategic objectives and financial condition could be adversely impacted, as well as Kodak’s ability to meet debt obligations including compliance with debt covenants and other commitments as they become due.

On November 11, 2018, Kodak entered into a definitive agreement to sell its Flexographic Packaging Division to Montagu Private Equity LLP.  The transaction is expected to close as early as April 8, 2019, subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions.  The net proceeds from the transaction will be used by Kodak to reduce outstanding term debt. The Company expects that the remaining outstanding term debt will be refinanced and/or repaid using cash proceeds from capital-raising activities.

Successfully executing and completing the divestiture transaction may be costly, difficult, and time consuming, and may require varying levels of management resources, which may divert our attention from other business obligations. The divestiture transaction may not close within the expected timeframe, which could impact Kodak’s ability to meet debt obligations and compliance with debt covenants. We could also experience greater dis-synergies than expected and the impact of the divestiture on our results of operations could be greater than anticipated.

Kodak makes no assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty or timing of consummating any asset sales, including the Flexographic Packaging Division, refinancing of the Company’s existing debt, or regarding the sufficiency of any such actions to meet Kodak’s debt obligations, including compliance with debt covenants, and to eliminate substantial doubt about Kodak’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The ability to generate positive operating cash flows will be necessary for Kodak to continue to operate its business.

Kodak has not generated positive operating cash flows over the past five years and, based on forecasted cash flows, there are uncertainties regarding its ability to meet commitments in the U.S. as they come due.  The Print Systems segment is its largest segment and has had declining revenues and segment earnings which are expected to continue to decline.  Kodak expects to close the sale of its Flexographic Packaging Division which has been growing.  Kodak’s stable and remaining growth businesses may not grow or continue to generate the same or enough cash flow to offset businesses with declining cash flows and investments needed for certain growth businesses.  It may take Kodak longer to generate positive cash flow from operations than planned, which would have a material adverse effect on its liquidity and financial position.  If Kodak is unable to generate positive cash flow from operations in the future or to adequately supplement such cash flow from operations with proceeds from the sale of businesses or assets or other monetization transactions, its ability to continue as a going concern could be impaired or limited.

Continued investment, capital needs, restructuring payments, dividends and servicing the Company’s debt require a significant amount of cash and it may not be able to generate sufficient cash to fund these activities, which could adversely affect its business, operating results and financial condition.

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Kodak’s business may not generate cash flow in an amount sufficient to enable it to pay the principal or mandatory redemption price of, or interest and dividends on its indebtedness and Series A Preferred Stock, or to fund Kodak’s other liquidity needs, including working capital, capital expenditures, product development efforts, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances, restructuring actions and other general corporate requirements.

Kodak’s ability to generate cash is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, litigation, regulatory and other factors beyond its control. There are no assurances:

If Kodak cannot fund its liquidity needs, it will have to take actions, such as reducing or delaying capital expenditures, product development efforts, strategic acquisitions, and investments and alliances; selling additional assets; restructuring or refinancing the Company’s debt; or seeking additional equity capital. Such actions could increase the Company’s debt, negatively impact customer confidence in its ability to provide products and services, reduce its ability to raise additional capital and delay sustained profitability. There are no assurances any of these actions could, if necessary, be taken on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or they would satisfy Kodak’s liquidity needs.  In addition, if it were able to incur additional debt, the risks associated with the Company’s substantial leverage, including the risk it will be unable to service its debt, generate cash flow sufficient to fund its liquidity needs, or maintain compliance with the covenants in the Credit Agreements, could significantly increase.

Kodak’s inability to effectively complete and manage strategic transactions could adversely impact its business performance, including its financial results.

As part of Kodak’s strategy, it may be engaged in discussions with third parties regarding possible divestitures, asset sales, spin-offs, investments, acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures, and outsourcing transactions and may enter into agreements relating to such transactions in order to further its business objectives.  In order to successfully pursue its strategic transaction strategy, it must identify suitable buyers, sellers and partners and successfully complete transactions, some of which may be large and complex, and manage post-closing issues such as the elimination of any remaining post-sale costs related to divested businesses, particularly following the sale of the Flexographic Packaging Division. Transaction risk can be more pronounced for larger and more complicated transactions or when multiple transactions are pursued simultaneously.  There are no assurances Kodak will be able to consummate any strategic transactions which it undertakes or, if consummated, Kodak will achieve the benefits sought to be achieved from such strategic transactions.  If Kodak fails to identify and successfully complete transactions that further its strategic objectives, it may be required to expend resources to develop products and technology internally, it may be at a competitive disadvantage or it may be adversely affected by negative market perceptions. Any of these factors could have an adverse effect on its revenue, gross margins and profitability. In addition, unpredictability surrounding the timing of such transactions could adversely affect its financial results.

If Kodak is unable to successfully develop, fund and commercialize products in certain businesses upon which it is focused or do so within an acceptable timeframe, its financial performance could be adversely affected.

Kodak has focused its investments on imaging and printing for business, specifically, commercial inkjet, packaging, advanced materials and 3D printing, and software and services.  Each of these businesses requires additional investment and may not be successful. The introduction of successful innovative products at market competitive prices and the achievement of scale are necessary for it to grow these businesses, improve margins and achieve its financial objectives. Additionally, its strategy is based on a number of factors and assumptions, some of which are not within its control, such as the actions of third parties. There can be no assurance that it will be able to successfully execute all or any elements of its strategy, or that its ability to successfully execute its strategy will be unaffected by external factors. If it is unsuccessful in growing Kodak’s investment businesses as planned, or perceiving the needs of its target customers, its financial performance could be adversely affected.

Kodak may pursue acquisitions or combinations which could fail or present unanticipated problems for its business in the future, which would adversely affect its ability to realize the anticipated benefits of those transactions or increase the price it would be required to pay.

Kodak may seek to enter into transactions which may include acquiring or combining with other businesses. It may not be able to identify suitable acquisition or combination opportunities or finance and complete any particular acquisition or combination successfully. Furthermore, acquisitions and combinations involve a number of risks and challenges, including:

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Any of these factors could adversely affect its ability to achieve anticipated levels of cash flows or realize synergies or other anticipated benefits from a strategic transaction. Furthermore, the market for transactions is highly competitive, which may adversely affect its ability to find transactions which fit its strategic objectives or increase the price it would be required to pay (which could decrease the benefit of the transaction or hinder its desire or ability to consummate the transaction). Strategic transactions may occur at any time and may be significant in size relative to its assets and operations.

Due to the nature of the products it sells and Kodak’s worldwide distribution, Kodak is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity costs which may adversely impact its results of operations and financial position.

As a result of Kodak’s global operating and financing activities, it is exposed to changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates, which may adversely affect its results of operations and financial position.  Exchange rates and interest rates in markets in which it does business tend to be volatile and, at times, its sales and profitability can be negatively impacted across all its segments depending upon the value of the U.S. dollar and other major currencies such as the euro, the Japanese yen, the British pound and the Chinese yuan. In addition, Kodak’s products contain aluminum, silver, petroleum-based or other commodity based raw materials, the prices of which have been, and may continue to be, volatile. In the case of aluminum, recently imposed tariffs may give rise to future cost increases.  If the global economic situation remains uncertain or worsens, there could be further volatility in changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices, which could have negative effects on its revenue and earnings.

Weakness or worsening of global economic conditions could adversely affect Kodak’s financial performance and liquidity.

The global economic environment may adversely affect sales of Kodak’s products, profitability and liquidity. Global financial markets have been experiencing volatility. Economic conditions could accelerate any decline in demand for products, which could also place pressure on its results of operations and liquidity. There is no guarantee that anticipated economic growth levels in markets which have experienced some economic strength will continue in the future, or Kodak will succeed in expanding sales in these markets. In addition, accounts receivable and past due accounts could increase due to a decline in its customers’ ability to pay as a result of an economic downturn, and its liquidity, including its ability to use credit lines, could be negatively impacted by failures of financial instrument counterparties, including banks and other financial institutions. If global economic weakness and tightness in the credit markets exist, worsen or are attenuated, Kodak’s profitability and related cash generation capability could be adversely affected and, therefore, affect its ability to meet its anticipated cash needs, impair its liquidity or increase its costs of borrowing.

In June 2016, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) held a referendum in which voters opted for the country’s exit from the EU, commonly referred to as Brexit and, accordingly, the UK is scheduled to leave the EU on April 12, 2019 (unless delayed). The UK government has been negotiating with the EU on terms for such exit but no agreement has yet been reached. Leaving without any agreement on terms would lead to disruption to UK/EU trade. However, we have put appropriate plans in place for continuity of supply and purchase of products, although there is likely to be some limited cost impact associated with these plans.

The prospect of Brexit has also caused global stock market volatility and currency exchange rate fluctuations that resulted in strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies in which we conduct business. There may also be broader uncertainty over the position the United States will take with respect to certain treaty and trade relationships with other countries. This uncertainty may impact (i) the ability or willingness of non-U.S. companies to transact business in the United States, including with our company, (ii) regulation and trade agreements affecting U.S. companies, (iii) global stock markets and (iv) general global economic conditions. All of these factors are outside of our control but may cause us to adjust our strategy in order to compete effectively in global markets and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

If Kodak is unable to successfully develop or commercialize new products or do so in a timely manner, its business, financial position and operating results may suffer.

Kodak generally sells its products in industries which are characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product and service introductions and changing industry standards. Without the timely introduction of new products, services and enhancements, its products and services will become technologically obsolete over time, in which case its revenue and operating results would suffer. Therefore, its future results of operations will depend to a significant extent upon its ability to successfully commercialize new products in a timely manner. The success of its new products and services will depend on several factors, including its ability to:

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As a result of these and other factors, products currently in development by Kodak (for example, UltraStream technology, small particle technology and Ultra NX) may or may not be successfully commercialized in a timely manner, or at all. If any of its key products cannot be successfully or timely commercialized, its operating results could be adversely affected. Moreover, it cannot guarantee any investment made in developing products will be recouped, even if it is successful in commercializing those products, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position and operating results.

If Kodak’s commercialization and manufacturing processes fail to prevent issues with product reliability, yield and quality, its product launch plans may be delayed, its financial results may be adversely impacted, and its reputation may be harmed.

In developing, commercializing and manufacturing Kodak’s products and services it must adequately address reliability and prevent yield and other quality issues, including defects in its engineering, design and manufacturing processes, as well as defects in third-party components included in its products. Because Kodak’s products are sophisticated and complicated to develop and commercialize with rapid advances in technologies, the occurrence of defects may increase, particularly with the introduction of new product lines. Unanticipated issues with product performance may delay product launch plans which could result in additional expenses, lost revenue and earnings. Although it has established internal procedures to minimize risks which may arise from product quality issues, there can be no assurance it will be able to eliminate or mitigate occurrences of these issues and associated liabilities. Product reliability, yield and quality issues can impair its relationships with new or existing customers and adversely affect its brand image; product quality issues can result in recalls, warranty, or other service obligations and litigation, and its reputation as a producer of high quality products could suffer, which could adversely affect its business as well as its financial results.

If the reputation of Kodak or its brand erodes significantly, it could have a material impact on its financial results.

Kodak’s reputation, and the reputation of its brand, form the foundation of its relationships with key stakeholders and other constituencies, including customers, suppliers and consumers. The quality and safety of Kodak’s products are critical to its business.  Kodak’s products have worldwide recognition, and its financial success is directly dependent on the success of its product offering.  One aspect of Kodak’s business is licensing others to use Kodak’s brand in connection with the sale of such licensees’ products and services, and activities by such licensees may be perceived by the market as being activities of Kodak.  The success of Kodak’s brand can suffer if its or its licensees’ marketing plans, product initiatives or activities do not have the desired impact on the brand’s image or ability to attract customers.  Kodak’s results could also be negatively impacted if its brand suffers substantial harm to its reputation due to significant product reliability and quality issues, and product-related litigation.  Additionally, negative or inaccurate postings or comments on social media or networking websites about Kodak, its licensees or its brand could generate adverse publicity which could damage the reputation of the brand.  Kodak also devotes significant time and resources to programs consistent with its corporate values and commitments that are designed to protect and preserve its reputation, such as social responsibility and environmental sustainability. If these programs are not executed as planned or suffer negative publicity, Kodak’s reputation and financial results could be adversely impacted.

The competitive pressures it faces could harm Kodak’s revenue, gross margins, cash flow and market share.

The markets in which Kodak does business are highly competitive with large, entrenched, and well financed industry participants, many of which are larger than Kodak. In addition, it encounters aggressive price competition for many of its products and services from numerous companies globally. Any of its competitors may:

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As a result, Kodak may not be able to compete successfully with its competitors. Finally, it may not be able to maintain its operating costs or prices at levels which would allow it to compete effectively. Kodak’s results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by these and other industry-wide pricing pressures. If its products, services and pricing are not sufficiently competitive with current and future competitors, it could also lose market share, adversely affecting its revenue, gross margins and cash flow.

An inability to provide competitive financing arrangements to Kodak’s customers or extension of credit to customers whose creditworthiness deteriorates could adversely impact its revenue, profitability and financial position.

The competitive environment in which Kodak operates may require it to facilitate or provide financing to its customers. Customer financing arrangements may cover all or a portion of the purchase price for its products and services. It may also assist customers in obtaining financing from banks and other sources. Its success may be dependent, in part, upon its ability to provide customer financing on competitive terms and on its customers’ creditworthiness. Tightening of credit in the global financial markets can adversely affect the ability of Kodak’s customers to obtain financing for significant purchases, which may result in a decrease in, or cancellation of, orders for its products and services. If Kodak is unable to provide competitive financing solutions to its customers or if it extends credit to customers whose creditworthiness deteriorates, its revenues, profitability and financial position could be adversely impacted.

The loss of one or more of Kodak’s key personnel, or its failure to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel in the future, could harm its business.

In order for it to be successful, Kodak must continue to attract, retain and motivate executives and other key employees, including technical, managerial, marketing, sales, research and support positions. Hiring and retaining qualified executives, research and engineering professionals, and qualified sales representatives, particularly in Kodak’s targeted growth markets, are critical to its future. It may be unable to attract and retain highly qualified management and employees, particularly if it does not offer employment terms competitive with the rest of the market. Failure to attract and retain qualified individuals, key leaders, executives and employees, or failure to develop and implement a viable succession plan, could result in inadequate depth of institutional knowledge or skill sets, which could adversely affect its business.

If Kodak cannot effectively anticipate technology trends and develop and market new products to respond to changing customer preferences, its revenue, earnings and cash flow could be adversely affected.

Kodak serves imaging needs for business markets, including packaging, graphic communications, enterprise services, and printed electronics. Its success in these markets depends on its ability to offer differentiated solutions and technologies to capture market share and grow scale. To enable this, it must continually develop and introduce new products and services in a timely manner to keep pace with technological developments and achieve customer acceptance. In addition, the services and products it provides to customers may not or may no longer meet the needs of its customers as the business models of its customers evolve. Its customers may decide to outsource their imaging needs or may purchase imaging services and needs from other suppliers. In addition, it is difficult to predict successfully the products and services its customers will demand. The success of Kodak’s business depends in part on its ability to identify and respond promptly to changes in customer preferences, expectations and needs. If it does not timely assess and respond to changing customer expectations, preferences and needs, its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected.

If Kodak is unable to timely anticipate new technology trends, develop improvements to its current technology to address changing customer preferences, and effectively communicate its businesses, products, and the markets it serves, its revenue, earnings and cash flow could be adversely affected. The success of Kodak’s technology development efforts may be affected by the development efforts of its competitors, which may have more financial and other resources to better ascertain technology trends, changing customer preferences, and changing business expectations or models. Kodak’s assessment and response may as a result be incomplete or inferior when compared to its competitors, which could adversely affect its product roadmaps and associated revenue streams.

Kodak has reduced the scope of its corporate-focused research and development activities.  If its investment in research and product development is inadequate, its response to changing customer needs and changing market dynamics may be too slow and this may adversely affect revenue streams from new products and services.

Kodak makes sizeable investments in new products and services that may not achieve expected returns.

Commercial success depends on many factors, including innovativeness, developer support, and effective distribution and marketing. If customers do not perceive Kodak’s latest offerings as providing significant new functionality or other value, they may reduce their purchases of new products or upgrades, unfavorably affecting revenue. Kodak may not achieve significant revenue from new product, service, and distribution channel investments for several years, if at all. New products and services may not be profitable, and even if they are profitable, operating margins for some new products and businesses may not be as high as the margins Kodak has experienced historically. Developing new technologies is complex. It can require long development and testing periods. Significant delays in new releases or significant problems in creating new products or services could adversely affect Kodak’s revenue.

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Kodak relies on third-party suppliers and service providers to support its manufacturing, logistics, and business operations and faces the risks associated with reliance on external business partners.

Kodak relies on third-party suppliers for goods and services to support its manufacturing, logistics, and business operations.  To the extent it relies on third-parties, it faces the risks that those third parties may not be able to:

Suppliers may choose to unilaterally withhold products, components or services. In addition, Kodak may experience shortages in supply and disruptions in service as a result of unexpected demand, transportation and logistical limitations, and/or disruptions or production difficulties at its suppliers, such as disruptions due to fires, other natural disasters or events outside of a supplier’s control. In addition, disruptions could result from a reduction in the number of its suppliers due to their own financial difficulties or a reduction in the products offered by such suppliers. As a result of the loss of any supplier, or a substantial decrease in the availability of products from its suppliers, Kodak may be unable to meet its customer commitments, its costs could be higher than planned, and its cash flows and the reliability of its products could be negatively impacted. Kodak will vigorously enforce its contractual rights under such circumstances, but there is no guarantee it will be successful in preventing or mitigating the effects of unilateral actions by its suppliers. Other supplier problems that Kodak could encounter include electronic component shortages, excess supply, risks related to the duration and termination of its contracts with suppliers for components and materials and risks related to the ability to obtain products, components or services from single source suppliers on favorable terms or at all. The realization of any of these risks, should alternative third-party relationships not be established, could cause interruptions in supply or increases in costs which might result in Kodak’s inability to meet customer demand for its products, damage to its relationships with its customers, and reduced market share, all of which could adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.

Any significant negative change in the payment terms that Kodak has with its suppliers could adversely affect its liquidity.  There is a risk that Kodak’s key suppliers could respond to any actual or apparent decrease in or any concern with its financial results or liquidity by requiring or conditioning their sale of goods or services to Kodak on more stringent or more costly payment terms, such as by requiring standby letters of credit, earlier or advance payment of invoices, payment upon delivery, or shorter payment terms. Kodak’s need for additional liquidity could significantly increase and its supply could be materially disrupted if a significant portion of its key suppliers and vendors took one or more of the actions described above, which could have a material adverse effect on its sales, customer satisfaction, cash flows, liquidity and financial position.

Business disruptions could seriously harm Kodak’s future revenue and financial condition and increase its costs and expenses.

Worldwide operations could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, cyber-attacks, terrorism and other physical security threats, water shortages, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics, political or economic instability, and other natural or manmade disasters or business interruptions, for which Kodak is predominantly self-insured. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm its revenue and financial condition and increase its costs and expenses. In addition, some areas, including parts of the east and west coasts of the United States, have previously experienced, and may experience in the future, major power shortages and blackouts. These blackouts could cause disruptions to its operations or the operations of its suppliers, distributors and resellers, or customers. It has operations including research and development facilities in geographically disparate locations, such as Israel, Japan, China, Canada and Germany. The impact of these risks is greater in areas where products are manufactured at a sole or limited number of location(s), and where the sourcing of materials is limited to a sole or limited base of suppliers, since any material interruption in operations in such locations or suppliers could impact Kodak’s ability to provide a particular product or service for a period of time.

Kodak could be adversely impacted by a security breach, through cyber-attack, cyber intrusion, insider threats or otherwise, or other significant disruption of its IT networks and related systems or of those it operates for certain of its customers.

To effectively manage Kodak’s global business, it depends on secure and reliable information technology systems with accurate data. These systems and their underlying infrastructure are provided by a combination of Kodak and third-parties, and if unavailable or unreliable, could disrupt Kodak’s operations, causing delays or cancellation of customer orders, impeding the manufacturing or delivery of products, delaying the reporting of financial results, or impacting other business processes critical to running its business.

Kodak’s IT systems contain critical information about its business, including intellectual property and confidential information of its customers, business partners, and employees.  Cyber-attacks or defects in its systems could result in this proprietary information being disclosed or modified, which could cause significant damage to its business or its reputation.  Kodak has system controls and security measures in place that are designed to protect its IT systems against intentional or unintentional disruptions of its operations or disclosure of confidential information, but it may not be able to implement solutions that result in stopping or detecting all of these threats to its internal information systems or those of its third-party providers.  A breach of Kodak’s security measures could result in unauthorized access to and misuse of its information, corruption of data, or disruption of operations, any of which could have a material adverse impact on its business.

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Kodak also provides IT-based products and services to its customers, and operates services used by its customers and hosted by Kodak, both businesses and consumers, and a breach of its security or reliability measures, or those of its third-party service providers, could negatively impact its customers’ operations or data privacy.

Attacks on information technology systems continue to grow in frequency, complexity and sophistication, and Kodak is regularly targeted by unauthorized parties using malicious tactics, code and viruses. It has programs in place to prevent, detect and respond to data or cyber security incidents. However, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, are increasingly more complex and sophisticated and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time, Kodak may be unable or fail to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate or timely preventive or responsive measures.

Failure to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations, anti-money laundering laws and regulations, economic and trade sanctions, and similar laws could have a materially adverse effect on Kodak’s reputation, results of operations or financial condition, or have other adverse consequences.

Regulators worldwide are exercising heightened scrutiny with respect to anti-corruption, economic and trade sanctions, and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Such heightened scrutiny has resulted in more aggressive investigations and enforcement of such laws and more burdensome regulations, any of which could adversely impact Kodak’s business.  Kodak has a global operating presence, including in numerous developing economies where companies and government officials are more likely to engage in business practices that are prohibited by domestic and foreign laws and regulations, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act. Such laws generally prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign government officials and leaders of political parties, and in some cases, to other persons, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.  Kodak is also subject to economic and trade sanctions programs, including those administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, which prohibit or restrict transactions or dealings with specified countries, their governments, and in certain circumstances, their nationals, and with individuals and entities that are specially designated, including narcotics traffickers and terrorists or terrorist organizations, among others.  In addition, Kodak is subject to anti-money laundering laws and regulations.

Kodak has implemented policies and procedures to monitor and address compliance with applicable anti-corruption, economic and trade sanctions and anti-money laundering laws and regulations, and it is continuously in the process of reviewing, upgrading and enhancing certain of its policies and procedures. However, there can be no assurance that its employees, consultants or agents will not take actions in violation of its policies for which it may be ultimately responsible, or that its policies and procedures will be adequate or will be determined to be adequate by regulators.  Any violations of applicable anti-corruption, economic and trade sanctions or anti-money laundering laws or regulations could limit certain of Kodak’s business activities until they are satisfactorily remediated and could result in civil and criminal penalties, including fines, which could damage its reputation and have a materially adverse effect on its results of operation or financial condition.

Failure to comply with privacy, data protection and cyber security laws and regulations could have a materially adverse effect on Kodak’s reputation, results of operations or financial condition.

Kodak receives, processes, transmits and stores information relating to identifiable individuals (personal information), both in its role as a technology provider and as an employer. As a result, Kodak is subject to numerous U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations relating to personal information. These laws have been subject to frequent changes, and new legislation in this area may be enacted at any time. In Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) became effective on May 25, 2018 for all European Union (“EU”) member states. The GDPR includes operational requirements for companies receiving or processing personal data of EU residents that are partially different from those previously in place and includes significant penalties for non-compliance. This change, as well as any other change to existing laws, the introduction of new laws in this area, or the failure to comply with existing laws that are applicable, may subject Kodak to, among other things, additional costs or changes to its business practices, liability for monetary damages, fines and/or criminal prosecution, unfavorable publicity, restrictions on its ability to obtain and process information and allegations by its customers and clients that it has not performed its contractual obligations. At the same time, the risk of cyber-attacks is relevant to the requirements regarding storage, transfer, sharing and handling of personal information.  

This environment demands Kodak continuously improve its design and coordination of security controls and contractual arrangements across its businesses and geographies.  Despite these efforts, it is possible its security controls over personal data, its training of employees and vendors on data privacy and data security, and other practices it follows may not prevent the improper disclosure of personal information.  Improper disclosure of this information could harm its reputation or subject it to liability under laws which protect personal data, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenue.

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If Kodak cannot protect the intellectual property rights on which its business depends, or if third parties assert it violates their intellectual property rights, its revenue, earnings, expenses and liquidity may be adversely impacted.

A key differentiator for Kodak in many of its businesses is its technological advantage over competitors’ products and solutions. Its technological advantage is supported by Kodak’s intellectual property rights. Patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws in the United States and similar laws in other countries, and non-disclosure, confidentiality and other types of agreements with Kodak’s employees, customers, suppliers and other parties, may not be effective in establishing, maintaining, protecting and enforcing Kodak’s intellectual property rights. Any of Kodak’s direct or indirect intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed, diluted, disclosed or misappropriated, or such intellectual property rights may not be sufficient to permit it to take advantage of current market trends or otherwise to provide competitive advantages, which could result in costly product redesign efforts, discontinuance of certain product offerings or other competitive harm. Further, the laws of certain countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same degree as the laws of the United States. Therefore, in certain jurisdictions, Kodak may be unable to protect its proprietary technology adequately against unauthorized third party copying, infringement or use, which could adversely affect its competitive position.  Also, much of Kodak’s business and many of its products rely on key technologies developed or licensed by third parties and, because of the rapid pace of technological change in the information technology industry, it may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from relevant third parties on reasonable terms, or at all.

Kodak also licenses third parties to use its trademarks. In an effort to preserve its trademark rights, Kodak enters into license agreements with these third parties which govern the use of its trademarks and require its licensees to abide by quality control standards with respect to the goods and services they provide under the trademarks. Although Kodak makes efforts to police the use of its trademarks by its licensees, there can be no assurance these efforts will be sufficient to ensure the licensees abide by the terms of their licenses. In the event Kodak’s licensees fail to do so, its trademark rights could be diluted and its reputation harmed by its licensees’ activities.  Also, failure by Kodak and its licensees to sufficiently exploit any of Kodak’s trademarks in any markets could erode Kodak’s trademark rights with respect to the relevant trademarks. Because the laws and enforcement regimes of certain countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same degree as those in the United States, in certain jurisdictions Kodak may be unable to adequately prevent such unauthorized uses, which could result in impairment of its trademark rights.

Kodak has made substantial investments in new, proprietary technologies and has filed patent applications and obtained patents to protect its intellectual property rights in these technologies as well as the interests of its licensees. There can be no assurance Kodak’s patent applications will be approved, any patents issued will be of sufficient scope or strength to provide it with meaningful protection, or such patents will not be challenged by third parties. Furthermore, Kodak may fail to accurately predict all of the countries where patent protection will ultimately be desirable, and if it fails to timely file a patent application in any such country, it may be precluded from doing so at a later date. The patents issuing may vary in scope of coverage depending on the country in which such patents issue.

In addition, the intellectual property rights of others could inhibit Kodak’s ability to conduct its business. Other companies may hold patents on technologies used in Kodak’s industries and some of these companies are aggressively seeking to expand, enforce or license their patent portfolios.  Third parties may claim Kodak and its customers, licensees or other parties indemnified by it are infringing upon their intellectual property rights. Such claims may be made by competitors seeking to block or limit Kodak’s access to certain markets. Additionally, in recent years, individuals and groups have begun purchasing intellectual property assets for the sole purpose of making claims of infringement and attempting to extract settlements from large companies like Kodak. Even if it believes the claims are without merit, these claims may have the following negative impacts on its business:

Finally, Kodak uses open source software in connection with its products and services. Companies which incorporate open source software into their products have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the ownership of open source software and/or compliance with open source license terms. As a result, Kodak could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what it believes to be open source software or noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute open source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost.  Any requirement to disclose Kodak’s source code or pay damages for breach of contract could be harmful to its business results of operations and financial condition.

Kodak’s future pension and other postretirement benefit plan costs and required level of contributions could be unfavorably impacted by changes in actuarial assumptions, market performance of plan assets and obligations imposed by legislation or pension authorities which could adversely affect its financial position, results of operations, and cash flow.

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Kodak has significant defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit obligations. The funded status of its U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans (and other postretirement benefit plans), and the related cost reflected in its financial statements, are affected by various factors subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Key assumptions used to value these benefit obligations, funded status and expense recognition include the discount rate for future payment obligations, the long term expected rate of return on plan assets, salary growth, healthcare cost trend rates, mortality trends, and other economic and demographic factors. Significant differences in actual experience, or significant changes in future assumptions or obligations imposed by legislation or pension authorities, could lead to a potential future need to contribute cash or assets to Kodak’s plans in excess of currently estimated contributions and benefit payments and could have an adverse effect on Kodak’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

In past years, Kodak has experienced increases in the costs of these defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit obligations as a result of macro-economic factors beyond its control, including increases in health care costs, declines in investment returns on pension plan assets, and changes in discount rates and mortality rates used to calculate pension and related liabilities. At least some of these macro-economic factors may again put pressure on the cost of providing pension and medical benefits. There can be no assurance it will succeed in limiting cost increases. In addition, continued upward pressure, including any as a result of new legislation, could reduce the profitability of its businesses.

Kodak may be required to recognize impairments in the value of its goodwill and/or other long-lived assets which could adversely affect its results of operations.

Upon emergence from bankruptcy, Kodak applied fresh start accounting pursuant to which the reorganization value was allocated to the individual assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values. The excess reorganization value over the fair value of identified tangible and intangible assets is reported as goodwill. In connection with fresh start, Kodak also determined the fair value of its other long-lived assets, including intangible assets. The determination of reorganization value, equity value of the Company’s common stock and fair value of assets and liabilities is dependent on various estimates and assumptions, including financial projections and the realization of certain events. Kodak tests goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment annually or whenever events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Kodak evaluates other long-lived assets for impairments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairments could occur in the future if Kodak’s expected future cash flows decline, market or interest rate environments deteriorate, or if carrying values change materially compared with changes in their respective fair values.

Kodak’s businesses experience seasonality of sales. Therefore, lower demand for Kodak’s products or increases in costs during periods which are expected to be at peak in seasonality may have a pronounced negative effect on its results of operations.

Equipment and consumables sales generally exhibit higher levels in the fourth quarter due to the seasonal nature of placements, resulting from customer or industry budgeting practices. As a result, a sequential quarter-to-quarter comparison is not a good indication of Kodak’s performance or how it will perform in the future. In addition, adverse developments during what are expected to be peak periods in seasonality, such as lower-than-anticipated demand for its products, an internal systems failure, increases in materials costs, or failure of or performance problems with one of its key logistics, components supply, or manufacturing partners, could have a material adverse impact on its financial condition and operating results. Tight credit markets which limit capital investments or a weak economy which decreases print demand could negatively impact equipment or consumable sales. These external developments are often unpredictable and may have an adverse impact on its business and results of operations.  

If Kodak fails to manage distribution of its products and services properly, its revenue, gross margins and earnings could be adversely impacted.

Kodak uses a variety of different distribution methods to sell and deliver its products and services, including third-party resellers and distributors and direct and indirect sales to both enterprise accounts and customers. Successfully managing the interaction of direct and indirect channels with various potential customer segments for its products and services is a complex process. Moreover, since each distribution method has distinct risks and costs, Kodak’s failure to achieve the most advantageous balance in the delivery model for its products and services could adversely affect its revenue, gross margins and earnings. This has concentrated Kodak’s credit and operational risk and could result in an adverse impact on its financial performance.

Kodak’s future results could be harmed if it is unsuccessful in its sales in emerging markets.

Because Kodak is seeking to expand its sales and number of customer relationships outside the United States, including in emerging markets in Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe, Kodak’s business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, such as:

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There can be no assurance Kodak will be able to market and sell its products in all of its targeted markets. If its efforts are not successful, its business growth and results of operations could be harmed. As a global company, Kodak is subject to regulatory requirements and laws in the jurisdictions in which it operates, and any alleged non-compliance with these requirements or laws could result in an adverse financial or reputational impact.

Kodak is subject to environmental laws and regulations and failure to comply with such laws and regulations or liabilities imposed as a result of such laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Kodak is subject to environmental laws and regulations world-wide that govern, for example, the discharge of pollutants, the management of hazardous materials, the cleanup of contaminated sites, and the composition and end-of-life management of its products.  Non-compliance with applicable laws or liability incurred without regard to fault could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition. The cost of complying with such laws could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, the Company, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and the New York Empire State Development Corporation have entered into a settlement agreement concerning certain of the Company’s historical environmental liabilities at Eastman Business Park or from discharges to the Genesee River through the establishment of a $49 million environmental remediation trust. Should historical liabilities exceed $49 million, New York State is responsible for payments of cost up to an additional $50 million. In the event the historical liabilities exceed $99 million, the Company will become liable for 50% of the portion above $99 million, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition. The settlement agreement was implemented on May 20, 2014. The settlement agreement includes a covenant not to sue from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Any uncertainties related to the Company’s environmental obligations may impact its ability to further develop and transform Eastman Business Park.

Kodak may have additional tax liabilities.

Kodak is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and in many foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining Kodak’s worldwide provision for income taxes.  In the course of its business, there are transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. For example, compliance with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“2017 Tax Act”) may continue to require the exercise of significant judgment in accounting for its provisions. Many aspects of the 2017 Tax Act are unclear and may not be clarified for some time.  As regulations and guidance evolve with respect to the 2017 Tax Act, and as Kodak gathers more information and performs more analysis, Kodak’s results may differ from previous estimates and may materially affect our financial position.

Kodak operates within multiple taxing jurisdictions worldwide and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions.  These audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time for resolution.  Management’s ongoing assessments of the outcomes of these issues and related tax positions require judgment, and although management believes that adequate provisions have been made for such issues, there is the possibility that the ultimate resolution of such issues could have an adverse effect on the earnings and cash flow of Kodak.

Kodak’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and reputation may be negatively impacted by legal matters.

Kodak has various contingencies which are not reflected on its balance sheet, including those arising as a result of being involved from time to time in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations, remediations and proceedings concerning:  commercial, tax, tort, customs, employment, health and safety and intellectual property matters, licensee activities, and compliance with various domestic and international laws and regulations.  Should developments in any of these matters cause a change in its determination as to an unfavorable outcome and result in the need to recognize a material accrual or should any of these matters result in a final adverse judgment or be settled for significant amounts, they could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

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Regulations related to “conflict minerals” may require Kodak to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the cost of certain metals used in manufacturing Kodak’s products.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act contains provisions to improve transparency and accountability concerning the supply of minerals originating from the conflict zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo (“DRC”) and adjoining countries. As a result, in August 2012, the SEC adopted rules requiring disclosure related to sourcing of specified minerals, known as “conflict minerals,” which are necessary to the functionality or production of products manufactured or contracted to be manufactured by public companies. Kodak has designed its overall conflict minerals policies and procedures to be consistent with the guidance issued by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and continues to perform due diligence on its supply chain.  Kodak filed its most recent Conflict Minerals Disclosure report for the reporting period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 on May 31, 2018.  As of the date of the report, Kodak determined certain of its products contain such specified minerals but was unable to determine whether or not such minerals originate from the DRC or an adjoining country.  Kodak may incur additional costs to comply with these disclosure requirements, including costs related to determining the sources of the specified minerals used in its products, in addition to the cost of any changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities, which may adversely affect its business. In addition, the number of suppliers who provide “conflict-free” minerals may be limited, which may make it difficult to satisfy customers who require all of the components of its products be certified as conflict-free, which could place it at a competitive disadvantage if it is unable to do so. Because Kodak’s supply chain is complex, it may also not be able to sufficiently verify the origins of the relevant minerals used in its products through its due diligence procedures, which may harm its reputation.

Risks Related to the Company’s Indebtedness and Access to Capital Markets

There can be no assurance the Company will be able to comply with the terms of its various credit facilities.

A breach of any of the financial or other covenants contained in the Senior Secured First Lien Term Credit Agreement (the “Term Credit Agreement”) or the Asset Based Revolving Credit Agreement (the “ABL Credit Agreement” and, together with the Term Credit Agreement, the “Credit Agreements”) could result in an event of default under these facilities. If any default or event of default occurs and the Company is not able to either cure it or obtain a waiver from the requisite lenders under each of these facilities, the administrative agent of each credit facility may, and at the request of the requisite lenders for that facility must, declare all of the Company’s outstanding obligations under the applicable credit facility, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable.  In addition, the agent under the ABL Credit Agreement may, and at the request of the requisite lenders must, terminate the lenders’ commitments under that facility and cease making further loans. If applicable, each respective agent could institute foreclosure proceedings against the pledged assets. Any of these outcomes would likely have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations and its ability to satisfy its obligations as they come due.

The lenders under the Term Credit Agreement may take the position that the going concern explanatory paragraph contained in the audit report on Kodak’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 does not satisfy the reporting covenant under the Term Credit Agreement.  Under the Term Credit Agreement, if notice of a failure to comply with the reporting covenant is given to Kodak by the lenders, an event of default would occur thereunder if such failure is not cured within thirty days after such notice is given, unless such event of default is waived by the requisite lenders. On March 31, 2019 Kodak obtained a waiver from the agent and lenders under the ABL Credit Agreement with respect to any event of default under the reporting covenant in the ABL Credit Agreement that may be deemed to occur in relation to the going concern explanatory paragraph in the audit report. Such waiver does not waive any cross-default that may occur in the event of the occurrence of an event of default under the Term Credit Agreement, as described above.  For more information on the reporting covenants under the Credit Agreements and the potential impact of the explanatory paragraph in the audit report refer to Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Sources of Liquidity.”

The combination of covenant requirements in the Term Credit Agreement and Kodak’s on-going investment in growth businesses, a decline in Strategic Other Business or an accelerated decline in its Planned Declining Business or continuing softness and volatility of global economic conditions and foreign currency exchange rates, could make it difficult for the Company to satisfy the leverage covenants under the Term Credit Agreement on an on-going basis.

The Company is obligated to comply with a number of financial and other covenants contained in the Credit Agreements.  Kodak intends to conduct its operations in a manner which will result in continued compliance with the secured leverage ratio covenants under the Term Credit Agreement; however, compliance for future quarters may depend on Kodak undertaking one or more non-operational transactions, such as a monetization of assets, a debt refinancing, the raising of equity capital, or a similar transaction. If the Company is unable to remain in compliance and does not make alternate arrangements with its term lenders, an event of default would occur under the Credit Agreements which, among other remedies, would entitle the lenders or their agents to declare the outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreements to be immediately due and payable.

We may require additional capital funding and such capital may not be available to us and/or may be limited.

Because of Kodak’s current non-investment grade credit rating and financial condition, and/or general conditions in the financial and credit markets, its access to the capital markets is limited. Moreover, the urgency of a capital-raising transaction may require it to pursue additional capital at an inopportune time or unattractive cost. The loans made under the Term Credit Agreement become due on the earlier to occur of (i) the maturity date of September 3, 2019 or (ii) the acceleration of such loans following the occurrence of an event of default (as defined in the Term Credit Agreement).  The Company has issued approximately $85 million and $96 million of letters of credit under the ABL Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  

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Should the Company not repay, refinance or extend the maturity of the loans under the existing Term Credit Agreement prior to June 5, 2019, the termination date will occur under the ABL Credit Agreement on such date unless the ABL Credit Agreement has been previously amended.  Upon the occurrence of the termination date under the ABL Credit Agreement, the obligations thereunder will become due and the Company will need to provide alternate collateral in place of the letters of credit issued under the ABL Credit Agreement.

Kodak’s ability to obtain capital and the costs of such capital are dependent on numerous factors, including:

Kodak may not be successful in obtaining additional capital for these or other reasons. An inability to access capital is likely to limit its ability to meet its operating needs and, as a result, may have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.  In particular, Kodak does not have committed refinancing or the liquidity to meet the debt obligations under the Term Credit Agreement and ABL Credit Agreement if they were to become due in accordance with their current terms, and there are no assurances Kodak will be able to amend, extend, refinance or repay the loans under the Term Credit Agreement or, as necessary, its obligations under the ABL Credit Agreement before they become due.  If Kodak is unable to amend, extend or refinance the Term Credit Agreement or ABL Credit Agreement before they become due, its ability to continue as a going concern would likely be impaired.

The current non-investment grade status and Kodak’s financial condition may adversely impact Kodak’s commercial operations, increase its liquidity requirements and increase the cost of refinancing opportunities. It may not have adequate liquidity to post required amounts of additional collateral.

The Company’s corporate family credit rating is currently below investment grade and there are no assurances its credit ratings will improve, or they will not decline, in the future. Its credit ratings and financial condition may affect the evaluation of its creditworthiness by trading counterparties and lenders, which could put it at a disadvantage to competitors with higher or investment grade ratings.

In carrying out its commercial business strategy, the current non-investment grade credit ratings have resulted and will likely continue to result in requirements that Kodak either prepay obligations or post significant amounts of collateral to support its business. Additionally, Kodak’s current non-investment grade credit rating and financial condition may limit its ability to obtain additional sources of liquidity, refinance its debt obligations, including any mandatory redemption of its Series A Preferred Stock, or access the capital markets at the lower borrowing costs which would presumably be available to competitors with a higher or investment grade rating or stronger financial condition. Should its ratings continue at their current levels, or should its ratings be further downgraded, it would expect these negative effects to continue and, in the case of a downgrade, become more pronounced.  In particular, given the Company’s current credit ratings it would be required, if requested, to provide up to $13 million of additional letters of credit to the issuers of certain surety bonds to fully collateralize such bonds.

The availability of borrowings and letters of credit under the ABL Credit Agreement is limited by the amount of various types of assets and, under certain circumstances, the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement will have greater control over Kodak’s cash.

Availability under the Company’s ABL Credit Agreement is based on the amount of Eligible Receivables, Eligible Inventory, Eligible Machinery and Equipment and Eligible Cash less specified reserves as described in Note 9, “Debt and Capital Leases” to the consolidated financial statements.  Kodak’s U.S. Accounts Receivable and Inventory levels have declined over the past four years, and Machinery and Equipment for purposes of the ABL Credit Agreement amortizes down by $1 million per quarter.  If Eligible Receivables, Eligible Inventory and Eligible Machinery and Equipment continue to decline and an asset base cannot be maintained to support the $85 million of outstanding letters of credit and the $18.75 million of Excess Availability required under the ABL Credit Agreement, the Company would be required to increase restricted cash deposited in the Eligible Cash account or remain in compliance with the ABL Credit Agreement’s Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and operate under cash dominion by the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement.  Additional cash deposited in the Eligible Cash account would be classified as restricted cash, would not be available to support ongoing working capital and investment needs and could not be used in determining the Net Secured Leverage Ratio under the Term Credit Agreement.  

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If the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement executed cash dominion, it would increase operational complexities for the Company.  An event of default would occur under these circumstances if neither of these alternatives were achieved.

The Company’s substantial monetary obligations require a portion of its cash flow be used to pay interest, dividends and fund other obligations rather than be invested in the business and could adversely affect its ability to fund its operations.

The Company’s indebtedness under the Credit Agreements and its other obligations including the potential mandatory redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock could have important negative consequences to the Company and investors in its securities. These include the following:

The Company cannot be sure cash generated from its business will be as high as it expects or its expenses will not be higher than it expects. Because a portion of its expenses are fixed in any given year, its operating cash flow margins are highly dependent on revenues, which are largely driven by customer demand. A lower amount of cash generated from its business or higher expenses than expected, when coupled with its debt obligations, could adversely affect its ability to fund its operations.

Risks Related to the Company’s Common Stock

The conversion of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock into shares of the Company’s common stock may dilute the value for the current holders of the Company’s common stock.

The 2,000,000 outstanding shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of 5.7471 shares of common stock per share of Series A Preferred Stock. As a result of the conversion of any issued and outstanding Series A Preferred Stock, the Company’s existing shareholders will own a smaller percentage of its outstanding common stock. Based on the capitalization of the Company as of March 1, 2018, the conversion of all shares of the Series A Preferred Stock would result in the issuance to holders thereof of approximately 21% of the outstanding common stock after giving effect to such conversion. Further, additional shares of common stock may be issuable pursuant to certain other features of the Series A Preferred Stock, with such issuances being further dilutive to existing holders of common stock.

If Series A Preferred Stock is converted into common stock, holders of such converted common stock will be entitled to the same dividend and distribution rights as holders of the common stock currently authorized and outstanding. As such, another dilutive effect resulting from the conversion of any issued and outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be a dilution to dividends and distributions.

Holders of the Company’s common stock will not realize any dilution in their ownership, dividend or distribution rights solely as a result of the reservation of any shares of common stock for issuance upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock or for issuance of additional shares of common stock pursuant to certain other features of the Series A Preferred Stock, but will experience such dilution to the extent additional shares of common stock are issued in the future as described above.

The holders of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock own a large portion of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities and have the right to nominate two members to the Company’s Board. As a result, these holders may influence the composition of the Board and future actions taken by the Board.

The holders of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to vote upon all matters upon which holders of the Company’s common stock have the right to vote and are entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of full shares of common stock into which such shares of Series A Preferred Stock could be converted at the then applicable conversion rate. These holders currently hold approximately 30% of the voting power of the Company on an as-converted basis. As a result, these holders may have the ability to influence future actions by the Company requiring shareholder approval.  The Company and these holders are parties to a Shareholder Agreement that contains certain restrictions on disposition or acquisition of Company securities and other actions by these holders, some of which restrictions will expire on April 17, 2020.

Further, for as long as they hold any shares of Series A Preferred Stock, the current holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to nominate for election (collectively and not individually) at the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders a number of directors to the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) commensurate with their ownership percentage of common stock on an as-converted basis. Two of the Company’s current Board members were nominated by these current holders, who also have the right to fill vacancies on the Board created by one of their nominees ceasing to serve on the Board. The nomination and other rights regarding the Board granted to the current holders of Series A Preferred Stock are not transferrable to any other person.

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Also, whenever dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are in arrears for six or more dividend periods, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock (voting with holders of all other classes of preferred stock of the Company whose voting rights are then exercisable) are entitled to vote for the election of two additional directors at the Company’s next annual meeting and all subsequent meetings until all accumulated dividends on such Series A Preferred Stock and other voting preferred stock have been paid or set aside (during which time the number of directors the current holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to nominate under the Purchase Agreement will be reduced by two). As a result, the presence of directors on the Board nominated by the current holders of Series A Preferred Stock or elected by the holders of Series A Preferred Stock would enable such current holders or the holders of Series A Preferred Stock to influence the composition of the Board and, in turn, potentially influence and impact future actions taken by the Board. As of April 1, 2019, the Company is in arrears for two dividend payments.

The Company has registered the resale of a large portion of its outstanding securities.  The resale of the Company’s common stock, or the perception that such resale may occur, may adversely affect the price of its common stock.

In compliance with two Registration Rights Agreements to which the Company is a party, it has registered the resale of an aggregate of 20,723,050 shares of outstanding common stock, 2,000,000 shares of outstanding Series A Preferred Stock, 11,494,200 shares of common stock, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, issuable upon the conversion of outstanding Series A Preferred Stock, and 863,804 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants.  The resale of a substantial number of shares of common stock in the public market, or the perception that such resale might occur, could cause the market price of the Company’s common stock to decline. Under the terms of the Registration Rights Agreements to which the Company is subject, the counterparties to such Registration Rights Agreements can, in certain circumstances, require the Company to participate in an underwritten public offering of the registered securities. Any shares sold in a registered resale will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. While the Company cannot predict the size of future resales or distributions of its common stock, if there is a perception that such resales or distributions could occur, or if the holders of the Company’s securities registered for resale sell a large number of the registered securities, the market price for the Company’s common stock could be adversely affected.

The resale of a significant portion of the Company’s securities registered for resale could result in a change of control of the Company and the loss of favorable tax attributes.

The Company has registered the resale of securities representing approximately 60% of its outstanding shares of common stock assuming the issuance of all common stock issuable upon the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock or the exercise of the warrants corresponding to shares of common stock registered for resale.  Although the holders of the subject securities consist of several unaffiliated groups, these holders collectively have a controlling influence over all matters presented to the Company’s shareholders for approval, including election of members to the Board and change of control transactions. In addition, the holders of subject securities collectively would be able to cause a change of control of the Company by selling a sufficient portion of the Company’s securities held by them. If such a transaction, in combination with other transactions including the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock or future issuances of securities by the Company, were to result in an “ownership change” as determined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, then the Company’s ability to offset taxable income with tax attributes generated prior to the ownership change date could be limited, possibly substantially.  For more information on the Company’s tax attributes refer to Note 17, “Income Taxes”.  The interests of the holders of the securities registered for resale may not always coincide with the interests of the other holders of our common stock.

The Company’s stock price has been and may continue to be volatile.

The market price of the Company’s common stock has fluctuated substantially and may continue to fluctuate significantly. Future announcements or disclosures concerning the Company, its strategic initiatives, its sales and profitability, and quarterly variations in actual or anticipated operating results or comparable sales, any failure to meet analysts’ expectations and sales of large blocks of its common stock, among other factors, could cause the market price of its common stock to fluctuate substantially.

The market price of the Company’s common stock may be affected by the volatility of blockchain and cryptocurrency markets.

The trading price of the Company’s common stock has been dramatically affected by the announcement of the license granted by Kodak to WENN Digital, Inc. (“WENN”) to use Kodak’s brand in connection with WENN’s KODAKOne blockchain-based image rights management platform and Kodak-branded cryptocurrency.  Kodak may, in the future, have other involvement relating to blockchain technology or cryptocurrency, either directly or as a licensor.  Kodak cannot predict whether, or the extent to which, the trading price of the Company’s common stock will continue to be affected by blockchain or cryptocurrency markets and any volatility in such markets.

ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Kodak's worldwide headquarters is located in Rochester, New York.

Kodak owns 12 million square feet and leased, as lessee, approximately 1 million square feet of space that includes administrative, research and development, manufacturing and marketing facilities in several worldwide locations.  Out of the owned space, Kodak leases out approximately 1 million square feet to third party tenants.  The leases are for various periods and are generally renewable.

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The location of Kodak’s manufacturing facilities, by segment, are listed below.  Properties in a location may be shared by all segments operating in that location.

Regional distribution centers are located in various places within and outside of the United States.  

Research and development is headquartered at the Kodak Research Laboratories which is part of the Eastman Business Park in Rochester, New York, where Kodak conducts research and files patent applications with fundamental inventions.  Other U.S. research and development groups are located in Dayton, Ohio and Columbus, Georgia.  Outside the U.S., research and development groups are located in Canada, Israel, Germany, Japan and China.  The research and development groups work in close cooperation with manufacturing units and marketing organizations to develop new products and applications to serve both existing and new markets.

Kodak has excess capacity in some locations.  Kodak is pursuing monetizing its excess capacity by selling or leasing the associated properties.

Kodak’s Brazilian operations are involved in various litigation matters and have received or been the subject of numerous governmental assessments related to indirect and other taxes in various stages of litigation, as well as civil litigation and disputes associated with former employees and contract labor.  The tax matters, which comprise the majority of the litigation matters, are primarily related to federal and state value-added taxes and income taxes.  Kodak’s Brazilian operations are disputing these matters and intend to vigorously defend their position.  Kodak routinely assesses these matters as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability in its Brazilian operations and records its best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where it assesses the likelihood of loss as probable.  As of December 31, 2018, Kodak maintained accruals of approximately $4 million for claims aggregating approximately $158 million inclusive of interest and penalties where appropriate.  In connection with assessments and litigation in Brazil, local regulations may require Kodak to post security for a portion of the amounts in dispute.  Generally, any encumbrances of the Brazilian assets would be removed to the extent the matter is resolved in Kodak’s favor.

Kodak is involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations, remediations and proceedings, including, from time to time, commercial, customs, employment, environmental, tort and health and safety matters, which are being handled and defended in the ordinary course of business. Kodak is also subject, from time to time, to various assertions, claims, proceedings and requests for indemnification concerning intellectual property, including patent infringement suits involving technologies that are incorporated in a broad spectrum of Kodak’s products and claims arising out of Kodak’s licensing its brand. These matters are in various stages of investigation and litigation, and are being vigorously defended. Based on information currently available, Kodak does not believe that it is probable that the outcomes in any of these matters, individually or collectively, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and judgments could be rendered or settlements entered that could adversely affect Kodak’s operating results or cash flows in a particular period. Kodak routinely assesses all of its litigation and threatened litigation as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability, and records its best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where it assesses the likelihood of loss as probable.

None.

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Pursuant to General Instructions G (3) of Form 10-K, the following list is included as an unnumbered item in Part I of this report in lieu of being included in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

The executive officers' biographies follow:

James V. Continenza

Jim Continenza is the Executive Chairman of Kodak, appointed to that position by the Board of Directors on February 20, 2019.  Continenza joined the Board of Directors of Kodak in April 2013 and became Chairman of the Board in September 2013.

Continenza brings robust experience and a track record guiding several leading, innovative technology companies through transformations. Since September 2012, Continenza has served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Vivial, Inc., a privately held marketing technology and communications company. He served as the President of STi Prepaid, LLC, a telecommunications company, from June 2010 to February 2011. Continenza served as Interim Chief Executive Officer of Anchor Glass Container Corp., a leading manufacturer of glass containers, from September 2006 to December 2006. He served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Teligent, Inc., which provides communications services including voice, data, and internet access, from September 2002 to June 2004, served as its Chief Operating Officer from May 2001 to September 2002, and served as its Senior Vice President of Strategic Operations from September 2000 to May 2001. From April 1999 to September 2000, he was the President and Chief Executive Officer of Lucent Technologies Product Finance, a global leader in telecom equipment, and served as its Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales and Marketing from September 1997 to April 1999. Continenza served at AT&T from 1991 until September 1997.

In addition to his management experience, Continenza currently serves on the board of NII Holdings, Inc. (since August 2015), a provider of wireless communication services under the Nextel brand^TM in Brazil.  Continenza served on the board of Tembec, Inc., a manufacturer of specialty products, acetates and ethers, from February 2008 to November 2017 and on the board of Neff Corporation, a regional equipment rental company in the United States, or its predecessor from October 2010 to October 2017. He also serves or has served on the boards of a number of private companies.

Continenza received a B.S. degree in Liberal Arts from the University of Wisconsin.

Todd R. Bigger

Effective January 8, 2019, Todd Bigger is President of Kodak Software Division (formerly Unified Workflow Solutions Division), which provides print production software, automation tools and professional services that enhance workflow efficiencies for graphic arts, packaging and commercial print customers. He reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

Bigger joined Kodak in 1996 and has held various roles in the company.  Most recently, from December 2015 to January 2019, Bigger was the United States and Canada Regional Business Director & Vice President Print Systems Division. From April 2011 to December 2015, he was Worldwide Director of Product Management, Print Systems Division, and from December 2009 to April 2011 he was Worldwide Plate Operations Director, Print Systems Division. The Board of Directors elected Bigger a corporate vice president in January 2019.

Bigger received a B.S. degree in Printing Management from Rochester Institute of Technology.

David E. Bullwinkle

Dave Bullwinkle is the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Kodak.  The Board of Directors elected Bullwinkle to this position effective July 2016.  Effective November 6, 2018, Bullwinkle is President of the Eastman Business Park Division.  Bullwinkle is responsible for advancing the growth strategy for Eastman Business Park and leading Kodak’s worldwide finance, corporate development, internal audit and purchasing teams.  Bullwinkle reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

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Bullwinkle joined Kodak in 2004 and has worked in several financial management roles at the company including Worldwide BU Controller, Assistant Corporate Controller and External Reporting Manager. He served as the Director of Corporate Financial Planning and Analysis and Vice President, Finance at Kodak from November 2010 to June 2016, and Director of Investor Relations from August 2013 to June 2016.  

Prior to joining Kodak, Bullwinkle worked as the Manager of Financial Reporting at Birds Eye Foods, Inc. and previously at PricewaterhouseCoopers from 1996 to 2002 in various roles including serving as an Assurance Manager.

Bullwinkle has an MBA from St. John Fisher College and Bachelor of Science in Accounting degree from SUNY Geneseo. Bullwinkle is also a Certified Public Accountant in the State of New York.

Roger W. Byrd

Roger Byrd was appointed General Counsel, Secretary and Senior Vice President of Kodak in January 2019. He is responsible for leading the company's global legal function and for providing legal guidance to senior leadership and the Board of Directors. Byrd reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

Byrd joined Kodak in 2014 as Assistant General Counsel and Vice President, Legal Department and while at Kodak has focused on M&A and financing transactions, joint ventures, and other strategic initiatives.  Byrd has also been active in providing credit agreement compliance, securities reporting and corporate governance support to the Company. The Board of Directors elected him to Senior Vice President and Secretary in January 2019.

Prior to joining Kodak, Byrd was a Partner at Nixon Peabody LLP.  During his 23-year career at Nixon Peabody, he represented a broad range of clients in connection a variety of M&A, financing and other corporate transactions. Byrd also served as General Counsel at Choice One Communications, Inc. from 2005 – 2006, a competitive local exchange carrier.

Byrd received a B.S. degree in accounting from Bob Jones University and a J.D. from Duke University School of Law.

Eric-Yves Mahe

Effective January 8, 2019, Mahe is President of Brand, Film & Imaging Division, a newly formed division combining the former Software and Solutions Division’s Kodak Technology Solutions, Kodak Services for Business and KODAKIT with the Consumer Products, Brand Licensing, and Motion Picture and Industry Film and Chemicals businesses.  He reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

From June 11, 2018 to January 8, 2019 Mahe was President of the Consumer and Film Division, leading Kodak’s most consumer-facing division, with responsibility for motion picture and commercial films, synthetic chemicals, and consumer products, including products from Kodak brand licensees.  This division was responsible for the exploration of other potential initiatives in the consumer space.

From January 1, 2015 to January 8, 2019, Mahe was President of Software and Solutions, which served existing and future workflow software customers with software to manage digital and conventional print content from creation to output, as well as serving enterprise customers primarily in the government and financial services sectors with managed media services to assist with printing requirements and document management services, including the capture, archiving, retrieval and delivery of documents.  The division also contained Kodakit, which is a platform that connects businesses with professional photographers to cater to their photography needs.  

Beginning April 2014, Mahe was Senior Vice President Kodak Technology Solutions, Sales Strategy and Sales Operations.  In that capacity, Mahe was responsible for formulating a strategy to drive and measure sales of Kodak’s unique and innovative portfolio of hardware, consumables, software and services.  Mahe also advised Kodak’s senior management team on software, OEM partnerships and the sale of complex solutions.  In April 2014, the Board of Directors elected Mahe a senior vice president.

Mahe has more than 25 years of experience in the IT industry with several multinational companies.  Prior to joining Kodak, he was based in Singapore with Pitney Bowes Inc., most recently as President, Global Growth Markets, with responsibility for the company’s operations in Latin America, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Africa and emerging markets, from July 2010 until March 2014.  Mahe managed this innovation-centered business from inception, and in two years, it became Pitney Bowes’s best performing operation worldwide.  Mahe joined Pitney Bowes in 2007 as President, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa.

Previously, Mahe was Vice President and General Manager of Asia North for CA, Inc. (now called CA Technologies), with responsibility for business operations and enterprise sales in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan.  He also has held sales management positions with Sun Microsystems, where he focused on OEM partnerships, Siemens Nixdorf and Xerox.

Mahe earned his MBA in Marketing and International Trade from Ecole Superieure de Commerce et d’Administration des Enterprises in Bretagne, France.

John O’Grady

Effective April 24, 2018, John O’Grady is President, Print Systems Division, which serves graphic arts and commercial print customers with printing plates, computer to plate imaging solutions, electrophotographic printing solutions, OEM toner, and equipment services.  He reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

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From December 1, 2017 to April 24, 2018, O’Grady was President of Consumer Imaging Division.  In this role, he was responsible for motion picture and commercial films, synthetic chemicals, and consumer products, including products from Kodak brand licensees. From January 2016 to December 2017, O’Grady was General Manager, Worldwide Sales, Print Systems Division, responsible for managing the sales, service and regional marketing for the Print Systems Division on a worldwide basis in addition to the go-to-market back office operations for Kodak.  From January 2015 to December 2015, O’Grady was Managing Director of the Europe, United States and Canada, Australia and New Zealand (EUCAN) Region.  From December 2010 to December 2014, he was Managing Director, U.S. & Canada Region.  From December 2008 to December 2010, O’Grady was Regional Managing Director, Europe, Africa and Middle East Region (EAMER) and Chairman Eastman Kodak Sàrl, and from May 2007 to December 2008, he was Managing Director, EAMER, Consumer Businesses.  The Board of Directors elected him a corporate vice president in March 2007, and a senior vice president in August 2016.

O’Grady joined Kodak in 1997 and has held key business development and regional management positions in Kodak’s digital imaging businesses.

Prior to joining Kodak, O’Grady had a 12-year career at Verbatim.

O’Grady graduated from the University of Limerick in Ireland with a B.S. degree in Electronics.

Christopher J. Payne

Effective May 1, 2017, Christopher Payne is President of the Flexographic Packaging Division, which provides solutions and services for the Flexo Packaging industry that drive differentiation across the value chain from brand owners to printers.  He reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

From January 2015 to May 2017, Payne was General Manager of the Flexographic Packaging Solutions business.  From May 2009 through December 2014, he was the Director and Vice President, Marketing, Commercial Imaging Business, responsible for marketing and strategic planning for Kodak’s print businesses, and from April 1999 to April 2009, he held senior marketing roles in Kodak’s Graphic Communication Group and at NexPress Solutions LLC, which at the time was a joint venture between Kodak and Heidelberg.  The Board of Directors elected Payne a vice president effective May 1, 2017.

Prior to joining Kodak, Payne served as Director of Marketing at Xeikon N.V. and Vice President of Marketing for Xeikon North America Inc.  Earlier in his career, he was employed by prepress equipment manufacturer Crosfield Electronics Ltd.

Payne has been a full member of the Chartered Institute of Marketing (UK) since 1995 and is a past chair of The Association for Print Technologies (formerly known as NPES), a trade association supporting the commercial printing value chain.

Payne graduated from Napier College, Edinburgh, where he studied printing, administration and production.

Eric H. Samuels

Eric Samuels was appointed Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer in July 2009.  Samuels previously served as the Company’s Assistant Corporate Controller and brings to his position more than 20 years of leadership experience in corporate finance and public accounting. He joined Kodak in 2004 as Director, Accounting Research and Policy. Samuels reports to Chief Financial Officer David Bullwinkle.

Prior to joining Kodak, Samuels had a 14-year career in public accounting during which he served as a senior manager at KPMG LLP's Department of Professional Practice (National Office) in New York City. Prior to joining KPMG in 1996, he worked in Ernst & Young's New York City office.

Samuels has a B.S. degree in business economics from the State University of New York College at Oneonta.  He is a Certified Public Accountant in New York and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

Terry R. Taber, PhD

Terry Taber has served as Kodak’s Chief Technical Officer since January 2009.  Effective May 1, 2017, he was named President of the Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology Division which contains the research laboratories and includes licensing as well as new business development activities related to Kodak’s patents and proprietary technology, and focuses on opportunities in smart material applications, printed electronics markets and 3D printing materials.  Taber reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

From January 1, 2015 to May 1, 2017, Taber was President of the Intellectual Property Solutions Division.  From January 2007 to December 2008 he was the Chief Operating Officer of Kodak’s Image Sensor Solutions (“ISS”) business, a leading developer of advanced CCD and CMOS sensors serving imaging and industrial markets, and prior to Terry’s role with ISS, he held a series of senior positions in Kodak’s research and development and product organizations.  The Board of Directors elected Taber a vice president in December 2008 and a senior vice president in December 2010.  

During his more than 35 years at Kodak, Taber has been involved in new materials research, product development and commercialization, manufacturing, and executive positions in R&D and business management.  Taber’s early responsibilities included research on new synthetic materials, an area in which he holds several patents, program manager for several film products, worldwide consumer film business product manager, Associate Director of R&D and director of Materials & Media R&D.

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Taber received a B.S. degree in Chemistry from Purdue University and a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the California Institute of Technology.  He also received an M.S. in General Management from MIT as a Kodak Sloan Fellow.  In past board service, he was a founding Board Member of the Innovation & Material Sciences Institute and served on the Executive Advisory Board of FIRST Rochester (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology).  Taber currently serves on the George Eastman Museum Board, effective June 2018.  He also serves on the Executive Committee of the Greater Rochester Chamber of Commerce and on the Board of Trustees for Roberts Wesleyan College and Northeastern Seminary.

Randy D. Vandagriff

Effective May 1, 2017, Randy D. Vandagriff is President, Enterprise Inkjet Systems Division, responsible for delivering commercial inkjet technology, printers and solutions to the market. He reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

Vandagriff has spent his 37-year career innovating inkjet technology for the printing market. From January 2004 to August 2012, Vandagriff was Vice President, Research and Development for Kodak Versamark, responsible for leading a worldwide R&D organization responsible for developing four generations of inkjet technologies and delivering industry-leading performance, including Kodak Stream and ULTRASTREAM inkjet technologies. From January 2015 to May 2017, Vandagriff led the Kodak Creo Server business located in Tel Aviv, Israel.  The Board of Directors elected him a vice president effective May 1, 2017.

In addition to his strong product development capabilities, Vandagriff has traveled internationally, working with key Kodak customers to successfully implement commercial inkjet into their production processes. His respected knowledge, broad background, and deep industry network has contributed to making Kodak the world’s leader in high volume variable printing solutions.

Vandagriff holds an MBA degree from the University of Phoenix and a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Wright State University.

PART II

The Company’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “KODK” and has been trading since September 23, 2013, following emergence from bankruptcy on September 3, 2013 after confirmation of the revised First Amended Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization.

There were 2,630 shareholders of record of common stock on December 31, 2018.

Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is included in Item 12. “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information.”

DIVIDEND INFORMATION

No dividends on common stock were declared or paid during 2018 or 2017.

Dividends for common shareholders may be restricted under Kodak’s Credit Agreements and the Series A Preferred Stock Agreement.  Refer to Note 9, “Debt and Capital Leases,” and Note 10, “Redeemable, Convertible Series A Preferred Stock” in the Notes to Financial Statements.

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ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES DURING THE QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 (1)

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Kodak is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Kodak for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.  All references to Notes relate to Notes to the Financial Statements in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SAFE HARBOR PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This report on Form 10-K includes "forward–looking statements" as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Forward–looking statements include statements concerning Kodak’s plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenue or performance, capital expenditures, liquidity, investments, financing needs and business trends and other information that is not historical information. When used in this document, the words “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” “strategy,” “continues,” “goals,” “targets” or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “should,” “could,” or “may,” and similar expressions, as well as statements that do not relate strictly to historical or current facts, are intended to identify forward–looking statements. All forward–looking statements, including management’s examination of historical operating trends and data, are based upon Kodak’s expectations and various assumptions. Future events or results may differ from those anticipated or expressed in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include, among others, the risks and uncertainties described in more detail in this report on Form 10–K under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors,” “Legal Proceedings” and/or “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and in other filings the Company makes with the SEC from time to time, as well as the following:

There may be other factors that may cause Kodak’s actual results to differ materially from the forward–looking statements. All forward–looking statements attributable to Kodak or persons acting on its behalf apply only as of the date of this report on Form 10-K and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this document. Kodak undertakes no obligation to update or revise forward–looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Revenue Recognition

Kodak's revenue transactions include sales of products (such as components and consumables for use in Kodak, and other manufacturers’ equipment, and film-based products), equipment, software, services, integrated solutions, and intellectual property and brand licensing.   Complex arrangements with nonstandard terms and conditions may require significant contract interpretation to determine the appropriate accounting, including the allocation of transaction price to the various performance obligations and determination of the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation.  For equipment sales, revenue recognition may depend on completion of installation based on the type of equipment, level of customer specific customization and other contractual terms.  In instances in which the agreement with the customer contains a customer acceptance clause, revenue is deferred until customer acceptance is obtained, provided the customer acceptance clause is considered to be substantive.

At the time revenue is recognized, Kodak also records reductions to revenue for customer incentive programs.  Such incentive programs include cash and volume discounts and promotional allowances.  For those incentives that require the estimation of sales volumes or redemption rates, such as for volume rebates, Kodak uses historical experience and both internal and customer data to estimate the sales incentive at the time revenue is recognized.  In the event that the actual results of these items differ from the estimates, adjustments to the sales incentive accruals are recorded.  Future market conditions and product transitions may require Kodak to take actions to increase customer incentive offers, possibly resulting in an incremental reduction of revenue at the time the incentive is offered.

Valuation and Useful Lives of Long-Lived Assets, Including Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Kodak performs a test for goodwill impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as a reporting unit, which is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (a component) if the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by segment management.

The Print Systems segment has two goodwill reporting units: Prepress Solutions and Electrophotographic Printing Solutions.  The Software and Solutions segment has two goodwill reporting units: Kodak Technology Solutions and Unified Workflow Solutions.  The Consumer and Film segment has two goodwill reporting units, Motion Picture, Industrial Chemicals and Films and Consumer Products.  The Enterprise Inkjet Systems segment, Advanced Materials and 3D Printing segment and Eastman Business Park segment all have one goodwill reporting unit.  As of December 31, 2018, goodwill is recorded in the Unified Workflow Solutions and Consumer Products reporting units.  Goodwill is also recorded in the Flexographic Packaging business and is reported in Current assets held for sale in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Kodak early adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350):  Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment effective January 1, 2017 which requires entities to calculate a goodwill impairment as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions.  Kodak estimates the fair value of its reporting units using the guideline public company method and discounted cash flow method.  To estimate fair value utilizing the guideline public company method, Kodak applies valuation multiples, derived from the operating data of publicly-traded benchmark companies, to the same operating data of the reporting units.   The valuation multiples are based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”).  To estimate fair value utilizing the discounted cash flow method, Kodak establishes an estimate of future cash flows for each reporting unit and discounts those estimated future cash flows to present value. 

Kodak performed a quantitative test of impairment for all reporting units for its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2018.  Kodak utilized the discounted cash flow method and guideline public company method to estimate the fair value of reporting units with goodwill.  For these reporting units, Kodak selected equal weighting of the guideline public company method and the discounted cash flow method as the valuation approaches produced comparable ranges of fair value.  Fair values for the other reporting units were estimated using the discounted cash flow method only.

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To estimate fair value utilizing the discounted cash flow method, Kodak established an estimate of future cash flows for the period ranging from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023 and discounted the estimated future cash flows to present value. The expected cash flows were derived from earnings forecasts and assumptions regarding growth and margin projections, as applicable. The discount rates are estimated based on an after-tax weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) for each reporting unit reflecting the rate of return that would be expected by a market participant.  The WACC also takes into consideration a company specific risk premium for each reporting unit reflecting the risk associated with the overall uncertainty of the financial projections.  Discount rates of 13% to 55% were utilized in the valuation based on Kodak’s best estimates of the after-tax weighted-average cost of capital of each reporting unit.

A terminal value was included for all reporting units at the end of the cash flow projection period to reflect the remaining value that the reporting unit is expected to generate.  The terminal value was calculated using either the constant growth method (“CGM”) based on the cash flows of the final year of the discrete period or the H-model, which assumes the growth during the terminal period starts at a higher rate and declines in a linear manner over a specified transition period toward a stable growth rate.

Based upon the results of Kodak’s December 31, 2018 analysis, Kodak concluded that the fair value of the reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying values, therefore no impairment of goodwill was indicated.  Impairment of goodwill could occur in the future if a reporting unit’s fair value changes significantly, if Kodak’s market capitalization significantly declines, if a reporting unit’s carrying value changes materially compared with changes in its fair values, or as a result of changes in operating segments or reporting units.

The carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset related to the Kodak trade name is evaluated for potential impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired.  

Kodak performed its annual test of impairment for the Kodak trade name as of December 31, 2018.  The fair value of the Kodak trade name was valued using the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty method based on the following significant assumptions: (a) forecasted revenues ranging from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023, including a terminal year with growth rates ranging from -2% to 2.5%; (b) after-tax royalty rates ranging from .4% to .8% of expected net sales determined with regard to comparable market transactions and profitability analysis; and (c) discount rates ranging from 17% to 32%, which were based on the after-tax weighted-average cost of capital

Based on the results of Kodak’s December 31, 2018 assessment, the carrying value of the Kodak trade name exceeded its fair value and Kodak recorded a pre-tax impairment charge of $13 million.  Impairment of the Kodak trade name could occur in the future if expected revenues decline or if there are significant changes in the discount rates or royalty rates.

Long-lived assets other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable.  When evaluating long-lived assets for impairment, the carrying value of an asset group is compared to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows.  An impairment is indicated if the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset group.  The impairment is the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the long-lived asset group.

The value of property, plant, and equipment is depreciated over its expected useful life in such a way as to allocate it as equitably as possible to the periods during which services are obtained from their use, which aims to distribute the value over the remaining estimated useful life of the unit in a systematic and rational manner.  An estimate of useful life not only considers the economic life of the asset, but also the remaining life of the asset to the entity.  Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets could occur in the future if expected future cash flows decline or if there are significant changes in the estimated useful life of the assets.

Series A Preferred Stock Embedded Conversion Features Derivative

On November 15, 2016, the Company issued 2,000,000 shares of 5.50% Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, no par value per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”).  The Company concluded that the Series A Preferred Stock is considered more akin to a debt-type instrument and that the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded conversion features, except where the conversion price is increased to the liquidation preference, were not considered clearly and closely related to the Series A Preferred Stock.  Accordingly, these embedded conversion features were bifurcated from the Series A Preferred Stock and separately accounted for on a combined basis at fair value as a single derivative.  The Company allocated $43 million of the net proceeds received to the derivative liability based on the aggregate fair value of the embedded conversion features on the date of issuance which reduced the original carrying value of the Series A Preferred Stock.  The derivative is being accounted for at fair value with subsequent changes in the fair value being reported as part of Other (income) charges, net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The fair value of the derivative as of both December 31, 2018 and 2017 was an asset of $4 million and is included within Other long-term assets in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

The fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock embedded conversion features derivative is calculated using a binomial lattice model.  The following table presents the key inputs in the determination of fair value at December 31, 2018 and 2017:

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The Fundamental Change and Reorganization Conversion value at issuance was calculated as the difference between the total value of the Series A Preferred Stock and the sum of the net present value of the cash flows if the Series A Preferred Stock is redeemed on its fifth anniversary and the values of the other embedded derivatives. The Fundamental Change and Reorganization Conversion value reduces the value of the embedded conversion features derivative liability. The Fundamental Change and Reorganization Conversion value exceeded the value of the embedded conversion features derivative liability at December 31, 2018 and 2017 resulting in the derivative being reported as an asset.

Taxes

Kodak recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of operating losses, credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of Kodak’s assets and liabilities.  Kodak records a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.  Kodak has considered forecasted earnings, future taxable income, the geographical mix of earnings in the jurisdictions in which Kodak operates and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in determining the need for these valuation allowances.  As of December 31, 2018, Kodak has net deferred tax assets before valuation allowances of approximately $999 million and a valuation allowance related to those net deferred tax assets of approximately $853 million, resulting in net deferred tax assets of approximately $146 million.  The net deferred tax assets can be used to offset taxable income in future periods and reduce Kodak’s income tax payable in those future periods.  At this time, it is considered more likely than not that taxable income in the future will be sufficient to allow realization of these net deferred tax assets.  However, if Kodak is unable to generate sufficient taxable income, then a valuation allowance to reduce net deferred tax assets may be required, which could materially increase expenses in the period the valuation allowance is recognized.  Conversely, if Kodak were to make a determination that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets, for which there is currently a valuation allowance, would be realized, the related valuation allowance would be reduced and a benefit to earnings would be recorded.  Kodak considers both positive and negative evidence, in determining whether a valuation allowance is needed by territory, including, but not limited to, whether particular entities are in three-year cumulative income positions. During 2018 and 2017, Kodak determined that it was more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets outside the U.S. would be realized as a result of increased profits in locations outside the U.S. and accordingly recorded a benefit of $4 million and $101 million, respectively, associated with the release of a valuation allowance on those deferred tax assets. Additionally, during 2018, Kodak determined that it was more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets outside the U.S. would not be realized due to reduced sales volumes in a location outside the U.S. and accordingly recorded a provision of $15 million associated with the establishment of a valuation allowance on those deferred tax assets.  During 2017, Kodak determined that it was more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets outside the U.S. would not be realized due to reduced manufacturing volumes negatively impacting profitability in a location outside the U.S. and accordingly, recorded a provision of $7 million associated with the establishment of a valuation allowance on those deferred tax assets.    

Kodak may be able to make the determination that the realization of deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions are more likely than not in the future.  Kodak will continue to evaluate whether valuation allowances are needed, at a jurisdictional level, in future reporting periods. It is possible that sufficient positive evidence, including sustained profitability, may become available in future periods with respect to one or more jurisdictions to reach a conclusion that all or part of the valuation allowance with respect to such jurisdictions could be reversed.

Utilization of post-emergence net operating losses (“NOL”) and tax credits may be subject to limitations in the event of significant changes in stock ownership of the Company in the future. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, imposes annual limitations on the utilization of NOL carryforwards, other tax carryforwards, and certain built-in losses as defined under that Section, upon an ownership change. In general terms, an ownership change may result from transactions that increase the aggregate ownership of five percent stockholders in Kodak’s stock by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year testing period.  The Company has a relatively high concentration of five percent stockholders.  There have been reported transactions within the testing period that, combined with future transactions, could aggregate an ownership change during the testing period in excess of 50 percentage points.  A Section 382 ownership change would significantly impair Kodak’s ability to utilize NOLs and tax credits in the U.S.  As of December 31, 2018, Kodak had available U.S. NOL carry-forwards for income tax purposes of approximately $804 million and unused foreign tax credits of $357 million.  Any impairment of these tax attributes would be fully offset by a corresponding decrease in Kodak’s U.S. valuation allowance, which would result in no net tax provision.

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On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Act was signed into law. The legislation significantly changed U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a repatriation tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. Additionally, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant did not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act.  Kodak recognized provisional tax impacts related to the one-time transition tax on mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings and the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017.  December 22, 2018 marked the end of the measurement period for purposes of SAB 118.  Kodak completed its analysis based on legislative updates relating to the 2017 Tax Act available by the end of 2018 resulting in adjustments which were fully offset by Kodak’s U.S. valuation allowance, resulting in no net tax provision or benefit.   

Kodak has deferred tax liabilities of $22 million and $20 million for potential taxes on undistributed earnings, including foreign withholding taxes, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

In general, the amount of tax expense or benefit from continuing operations is determined without regard to the tax effects of other categories of income or loss, such as Other comprehensive (loss) income.  However, an exception to this rule applies when there is a loss from continuing operations and income from items outside of continuing operations that must be considered.  This exception requires that income from discontinued operations, extraordinary items, and items charged or credited directly to other comprehensive income be considered in determining the amount of tax benefit that results from a loss in continuing operations.  This exception affects the allocation of the tax provision amongst categories of income.

Kodak operates within multiple taxing jurisdictions worldwide and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions.  These audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time for resolution.  Management’s ongoing assessments of the outcomes of these issues and related tax positions require judgment, and although management believes that adequate provisions have been made for such issues, there is the possibility that the ultimate resolution of such issues could have an adverse effect on the earnings of Kodak.  Conversely, if these issues are resolved favorably in the future, the related provisions would be reduced, thus having a positive impact on earnings.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Kodak’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit costs and obligations are estimated using several key assumptions.  These assumptions, which are reviewed at least annually by Kodak, include the discount rate, long-term expected rate of return on plan assets (“EROA”), salary growth, healthcare cost trend rate, mortality trends and other economic and demographic factors.  Actual results that differ from Kodak’s assumptions are recorded as unrecognized gains and losses and are amortized to earnings over the estimated future service period of the active participants in the plan or, if the plan is almost entirely inactive, the average remaining lifetime expectancy of inactive participants, to the extent such total net unrecognized gains and losses exceed 10% of the greater of the plan's projected benefit obligation or the calculated value of plan assets.  Significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in future assumptions would affect Kodak’s pension and other postretirement benefit costs and obligations.

Asset and liability modeling studies are utilized by Kodak to adjust asset exposures and review a liability hedging program through the use of forward-looking correlation, risk and return estimates.  Those forward-looking estimates of correlation, risk and return generated from the modeling studies are also used to estimate the EROA.  The EROA is estimated utilizing a forward-looking building block model factoring in the expected risk of each asset category, return and correlation over a five to seven-year horizon, and weighting the exposures by the current asset allocation.  Historical inputs are utilized in the forecasting model to frame the current market environment with adjustments made based on the forward-looking view.  Kodak aggregates investments into major asset categories based on the underlying benchmark of the strategy.  Kodak’s asset categories include broadly diversified exposure to U.S. and non-U.S. equities, U.S. and non-U.S. government and corporate bonds, inflation-linked bonds, commodities and absolute return strategies.  Each allocation to these major asset categories is determined within the overall asset allocation to accomplish unique objectives, including enhancing portfolio return, providing portfolio diversification, or hedging plan liabilities.

The EROA, once set, is applied to the calculated value of plan assets in the determination of the expected return component of Kodak’s pension expense.  Kodak uses a calculated value of plan assets, which recognizes gains and losses in the fair value of assets over a four-year period, to calculate expected return on assets.   At December 31, 2018, both the calculated value and the fair value of the assets of Kodak’s major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans were approximately $4.1 billion.  Asset gains and losses that are not yet reflected in the calculated value of plan assets are not included in amortization of unrecognized gains and losses.

Kodak reviews its EROA assumption annually.  To facilitate this review, every three years, or when market conditions change materially, Kodak’s larger plans will undertake asset allocation or asset and liability modeling studies.  The weighted average EROA used to determine the 2018 net pension expense for major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans were 6.40% and 3.98%, respectively.

Generally, Kodak bases the discount rate assumption for its significant plans on high quality corporate bond yields in the respective countries as of the measurement date.  Specifically, for its U.S., Canadian, Euro-zone and UK plans, Kodak determines a discount rate using a cash flow model to incorporate the expected timing of benefit payments and an AA-rated corporate bond yield curve.  For Kodak's U.S. plans, the Citigroup Above Median Pension Discount Curve is used.  For Kodak’s other non-U.S. plans, discount rates are determined by comparison to published local high quality bond yields or indices considering estimated plan duration and removing any outlying bonds, as warranted.

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Kodak uses the spot yield curve approach to estimate the service and interest costs by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used to determine the benefit obligations to relevant projected cash outflows.

The salary growth assumptions are determined based on Kodak’s long-term actual experience and future and near-term outlook.  The healthcare cost trend rate assumptions are based on historical cost and payment data, the near-term outlook and an assessment of the likely long-term trends.

The following table illustrates the sensitivity to a change to certain key assumptions used in the calculation of expense for the year ending December 31, 2019 and the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) at December 31, 2018 for Kodak's major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:

Total pension income from continuing operations before special termination benefits, curtailments and settlements for the major defined benefit pension plan in the U.S. was $103 million for 2018 and is expected to be approximately $88 million in 2019.  Pension income from continuing operations before special termination benefits, curtailments and settlements for the major non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was $6 million for 2018 and is projected to be approximately $2 million in 2019.  The reductions in income are driven primarily by higher expected 2019 interest expense for the U.S. plan and lower expected 2019 asset gains due to reduced asset balances for both the U.S. and non-U.S. plans.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market.  Carrying values of excess and obsolete inventories are reduced to net realizable value.  Judgment is required to assess the ultimate demand for and realizable value of inventory.  The analysis of inventory carrying values considers several factors including length of time inventory is on hand, historical sales, product shelf life, product life cycle, product category, and product obsolescence.

Accounts Receivable Reserves

Accounts receivable reserves are based on historical collections experience as well as reserves for specific receivables deemed to be at risk for collection.  The collectability of customer receivables is reviewed on an ongoing basis considering past due invoices and the current creditworthiness of each customer.  Judgment is required in assessing the ultimate realization of accounts receivables.

New Accounting Pronouncements

A description of new accounting pronouncements is contained in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

OVERVIEW

Revenue declined $61 million (4.4%) from 2017 to 2018.  Currency impacted revenue favorably in 2018 compared to 2017 ($19 million).

Kodak’s strategy is to:

A discussion of opportunities and challenges related to Kodak’s strategy follows:

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DETAILED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Revenues from Continuing Operations by Reportable Segment

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Segment Operational EBITDA and Consolidated Earnings (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes

Kodak reduced workers’ compensation reserves by approximately $5 million in 2018 due to changes in discount rates and reduction in estimated ultimate losses. The reduction in reserves impacted gross profit by approximately $3 million and SG&A by approximately $2 million.

2019 Segments

Change in Segments

Effective in January 2019 Kodak changed its organizational structure.  Kodak Technology Solutions, formerly part of the Software and Solutions segment, was moved into the Consumer and Film segment.  The Consumer and Film segment was renamed the Brand, Film & Imaging segment.  The Unified Workflow Solutions business, formerly part of the Software and Solutions segment, will operate as a dedicated segment named Kodak Software segment.

Change in Segment Measure of Profitability

During the first quarter of 2019 the segment measure was changed to exclude the costs, net of any rental income received, of underutilized portions of certain properties.  Additionally, the allocation of costs from EBP to the Consumer and Film segment and Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology segment as tenants of EBP and to each of the segments as users of shared corporate space at the global headquarters is changing.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2018, revenues decreased by approximately $61 million compared with the same period in 2017.  Volume and pricing declines within Print Systems ($60 million) and Enterprise and Inkjet Systems ($10 million) and volume declines in Consumer and Film ($11 million) were offset by favorable foreign currency ($19 million).  See segment discussions for additional details.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for 2018 decreased by approximately $30 million. The decrease reflected volume and pricing declines within Print Systems ($14 million) and Enterprise Inkjet Systems ($10 million), and higher aluminum costs within Print Systems ($23 million), partially offset by reduced inventory write-offs due to restructuring ($7 million), favorable costs (excluding the impact of aluminum costs) in Print Systems ($8 million) and higher volumes and lower costs in Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology ($7 million).  See segment discussions for additional details.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Consolidated SG&A for 2018 decreased $14 million primarily due to lower investment in selling and marketing activities ($15 million), driven by a lower investment in Print Systems, Enterprise Inkjet Systems and Consumer and Film ($16 million), a reduction in workers’ compensation reserves ($2 million), lower stock compensation expense and foreign currency (each $3 million) partially offset by higher costs associated with strategic initiatives such as asset sales and debt restructuring ($9 million).

Research and Development Costs

Consolidated R&D expenses decreased $16 million in 2018 primarily due to lower investment in Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology ($10 million) as well as lower investment in segment R&D activities driven by a lower investment in Print Systems and Enterprise Inkjet Systems ($5 million).  

Restructuring Costs and Other

These costs, as well as the restructuring costs reported in Cost of revenues, are discussed under the "RESTRUCTURING COSTS AND OTHER" section in this MD&A.

Other Operating Expense (Income), Net

For details, refer to Note 15, “Other Operating Expense (Income), Net.”

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Pension Income

For details, refer to Note 19, “Retirement Plans.”

Other (Income) Charges, Net

For details, refer to Note 16, “Other (Income) Charges, Net.”

Benefit from Income Taxes

For details, refer to Note 17, “Income Taxes.”

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations of Kodak include the Flexographic Packaging segment.  Refer to Note 27, “Discontinued Operations” in the Notes to Financial Statements for additional information.

PRINT SYSTEMS SEGMENT

Revenues

The decrease in Print Systems revenues of approximately $47 million reflected lower pricing ($8 million) driven by competitive pressures in the industry combined with volume declines in Prepress Solutions ($41 million) and Electrophotographic Printing Solutions consumables and service ($9 million). Partially offsetting the declines was favorable foreign currency ($14 million).

Operational EBITDA

The decrease in Print Systems Operational EBITDA of approximately $22 million reflected lower pricing ($8 million) and volume declines ($5 million) in Prepress Solutions, higher aluminum costs ($23 million), unfavorable costs in Electrophotographic Printing Solutions ($5 million) and the unfavorable impact of currency ($5 million) partially offset by manufacturing cost improvements in Prepress consumables ($12 million), a lower level of investment in product development, advertising and sales activities ($13 million) and a reduction in workers’ compensation reserves ($2 million).    

ENTERPRISE INKJET SYSTEMS SEGMENT

Revenues

The decrease in Enterprise Inkjet Systems revenues of approximately $8 million primarily reflected lower volume of VERSAMARK service and consumables ($12 million) due to declines in the installed base of VERSAMARK systems, lower volume of VERSAMARK system placements ($5 million) primarily due to the placement of used equipment in the prior year and unfavorable volume, product mix and pricing for Prosper components ($4 million). The unfavorable impacts were partially offset by volume improvements in PROSPER systems ($8 million), including the conversion of two rental units to customer owned units ($5 million), volume improvements in PROSPER services and consumables ($4 million) due to increases in the installed base as well as the favorable impact of currency ($2 million).

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Operational EBITDA

The increase in Enterprise Inkjet Systems Operational EBITDA of $1 million was primarily due to a lower level of investment in marketing, advertising and sales activities ($5 million) and R&D activities ($3 million), service and manufacturing cost improvements ($2 million) and volume improvements in PROSPER services and consumables ($1 million) partially offset by the lower volume of VERSAMARK service, consumables and equipment ($6 million) and unfavorable volume, product mix and pricing for Prosper components ($4 million).

SOFTWARE AND SOLUTIONS SEGMENT

Revenues

The decrease in Software and Solutions revenues of approximately $1 million primarily reflected lower volume in Unified Workflow Solutions ($5 million) and lower volume in Kodak Services for Business ($2 million) partially offset by volume improvements for Kodakit ($3 million) and the favorable impact of currency ($1 million).

Operational EBITDA

The increase in Software and Solutions Operational EBITDA of $1 was primarily due to improved cost of sales ($2 million), volume improvements in Kodakit and a lower level of investment in marketing, advertising and sales activities (each $1 million) partially offset by volume declines in Unified Workflow Solutions ($3 million).

CONSUMER AND FILM SEGMENT

Revenues

The decrease in Consumer and Film revenues of approximately $9 million reflected volume declines in Consumer Inkjet Systems ($9 million) driven by lower sales of ink to the existing installed base of printers, lower brand licensing revenue ($3 million) driven by the modification of a brand licensing agreement in the prior year offset by higher volume in Industrial Film and Chemicals ($2 million) primarily due to timing of customer orders and the favorable impact of currency ($2 million).

Operational EBITDA

The decrease in Consumer and Film Operational EBITDA of approximately $1 million reflected declines in Consumer Inkjet Systems ($6 million) primarily driven by lower volumes due to declining sales of ink to the existing installed base of printers, lower brand licensing revenue as described above ($3 million), unfavorable volume and product mix ($2 million) and the impact of China tariffs ($1 million) in Industrial Film and Chemicals.  Offsetting the unfavorable impacts were costs improvements in Motion Picture ($4 million) (the prior year period had higher costs associated with a vendor transition), reduced SG&A costs ($5 million) and the favorable impact of currency ($2 million).

ADVANCED MATERIALS AND 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY SEGMENT

Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology Operational EBITDA improved by approximately $13 million primarily due to the reduced level of investment as well as improved revenues primarily reflecting increased IP licensing, analytical services and 3D Printing revenues (each $1 million).

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EASTMAN BUSINESS PARK SEGMENT

Eastman Business Park revenue and Operational EBITDA did not change significantly in the reporting periods.

RESTRUCTURING COSTS AND OTHER

2018

Restructuring actions taken in 2018 were initiated to reduce Kodak’s cost structure as part of its commitment to drive sustainable profitability and included cost rationalization in France, consolidation of R&D sites in Israel, EPS manufacturing cost reductions in Germany, and various targeted reductions in manufacturing, service, sales, research and development, and other administrative functions.

As a result of these actions, for the year ended December 31, 2018 Kodak recorded $17 million of charges which were reported as Restructuring costs and other in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Kodak made cash payments related to restructuring of approximately $14 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The restructuring actions implemented in 2018 are expected to generate future annual cash savings of approximately $26 million. These savings are expected to reduce future annual Cost of revenues, SG&A and R&D expenses by $8 million, $11 million and $7 million, respectively. Kodak expects the majority of the annual savings to be in effect by the end of the second quarter of 2019 as actions are completed.

2017

For the year ended December 31, 2017 Kodak recorded $38 million of charges, including $7 million of charges for inventory write-downs which were reported in Cost of revenues and $31 million which was reported as Restructuring costs and other in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Kodak has debt due in 2019 and is facing liquidity challenges due to negative cash flow. Based on forecasted cash flows, there are uncertainties regarding Kodak’s ability to meet commitments in the U.S. as they come due. Kodak’s plans to improve cash flow include reducing interest expense by decreasing the debt balance using proceeds from asset sales, including the sale of the Flexographic Packaging segment; further restructuring Kodak’s cost structure; and paring investment in new technology by eliminating, slowing, and partnering with investors in product development programs. The divestiture of the Flexographic Packaging segment will negatively impact segment earnings and cash flow.  Kodak is also exploring options regarding additional liquidity from other sources.

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The sale of the Flexographic Packaging segment and/or refinancing of the loans under the Term Credit Agreement (as defined below) are not solely within Kodak’s control. Executing agreements for the sale or a refinancing of the loans under the Term Credit Agreement and the timing for a closing of the sale or a refinancing of the loans under the Term Credit Agreement are dependent upon several external factors outside Kodak’s control, including but not limited to, the ability of the Company to reach acceptable agreements with different counterparties and the time required to meet conditions to closing under a sale agreement or credit facility.

Kodak makes no assurances regarding the likelihood, certainty or timing of consummating any asset sales, including of the Flexographic Packaging segment, or refinancing of the Company’s existing debt, or regarding the sufficiency of any such actions to meet Kodak’s debt obligations, including compliance with debt covenants, or other commitments in the U.S. as they come due.

These conditions raise substantial doubt about Kodak’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Refer to the Going Concern section of Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”,; Note 9, "Debt and Capital Leases," and Note 10, “Redeemable, Convertible Series A Preferred Stock” in the Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion of long-term debt and convertible preferred shares.

Cash Flow Activity

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities improved $5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared with the prior year primarily due to improved cash earnings partially offset by less favorable accounts payable terms.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities improved $2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the prior year due to a lower level of capital improvements.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities improved $18 million in the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the prior year primarily due to a lower level of debt repayment and the timing of the payment for contingent consideration related to the sale of a business.

Sources of Liquidity

Available liquidity includes cash balances and the unused portion of the ABL Credit Agreement.  The amount of available liquidity is subject to fluctuations and includes cash balances held by various entities worldwide.  At December 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately $117 million and $172 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents were held within the U.S. and approximately $131 million and $172 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents were held outside the U.S.  Cash balances held outside of the U.S. are generally required to support local country operations, may have high tax costs or other limitations that delay the ability to repatriate, and therefore may not be readily available for transfer to other jurisdictions.  Kodak utilizes cash balances outside the U.S. to fund needs in the U.S. through the use of intercompany loans.  As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 outstanding intercompany loans to the U.S. were $390 million and $358 million, respectively, which includes short-term intercompany loans of $92 million and $59 million. In China, where approximately $72 million and $108 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents were held as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there are limitations related to net asset balances that impact the ability to make cash available to other jurisdictions in the world.  Under the terms of the Credit Agreements, the Company is permitted to invest up to $100 million at any time in subsidiaries and joint ventures that are not party to the loan agreement.

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Under the ABL Credit Agreement, if Excess Availability ($19 million as of December 31, 2018) falls below 12.5% of lender commitments ($18.75 million as of December 31, 2018), Kodak may, in addition to the requirement to be in compliance with a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, become subject to cash dominion control.  Kodak intends to continue to maintain Excess Availability above the minimum threshold which may require additional funding of Eligible Cash.  In addition to Eligible Cash, the borrowing base is supported by Eligible Receivables, Eligible Inventory and Eligible Equipment.  To the extent the assets supporting the borrowing base decline, if the remaining assets included in the borrowing base are not sufficient to support the required Excess Availability amount, additional funding of Eligible Cash may be required.  Since Excess Availability was greater than 12.5% of lender commitments Kodak is not required to have a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0.  As of December 31, 2018 EBITDA exceeded fixed charges (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) by approximately $5 million.

Kodak funded $3 million and $6 million to the Eligible Cash account held with the ABL Credit Agreement Administrative Agent as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, which is classified as Restricted cash in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, supporting the Excess Availability amount.  

During the second quarter of 2017, the Company reduced the amount of outstanding letters of credit issued under the ABL Credit Agreement by $20 million, which increased the amount of Excess Availability by a corresponding amount, enabling the Company to release Eligible Cash. The reduction of outstanding letters of credit was primarily attributable to the substitution of partially collateralized surety bonds in place of outstanding letters of credit.  As a result of the Company’s current credit ratings, the Company was required to provide $6 million in letters of credit to the issuers of the surety bonds during the third quarter of 2018. The Company could be required to provide up to an additional $13 million of letters of credit to the issuers of the surety bonds in the future to fully collateralize the bonds.  

Under the terms of the Term Credit Agreement, Kodak is required to maintain a Secured Leverage Ratio not to exceed specified levels.  The Secured Leverage Ratio is tested at the end of each quarter based on the prior four quarters and is generally determined by dividing secured debt, net of U.S. cash and cash equivalents, by consolidated EBITDA, as calculated under the Term Credit Agreement.  The maximum Secured Leverage Ratio permitted under the Term Credit Agreement is 2.75 to 1.  As of December 31, 2018, Kodak’s EBITDA, as calculated under the Term Credit Agreement, exceeded the EBITDA necessary to satisfy the covenant ratio by approximately $20 million.

Under the terms of the Credit Agreements, the Company may designate Restricted Subsidiaries as Unrestricted Subsidiaries provided the aggregate sales of all Unrestricted Subsidiaries are less than 7.5% of the consolidated sales of Kodak and the aggregate assets of all Unrestricted Subsidiaries are less than 7.5% of Kodak’s consolidated assets. Further, under the ABL Credit Agreement, on a pro forma basis at the time of designation and immediately after giving effect thereto, Excess Availability must be at least $30 million, and the pro forma Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio must be no less than 1.0 to 1.0. Upon designation of Unrestricted Subsidiaries, the Company will be required to provide to the Lenders reconciling statements to eliminate all financial information pertaining to Unrestricted Subsidiaries which is included in its annual and quarterly financial statements.

In March 2018, the Company designated five subsidiaries as Unrestricted Subsidiaries, Kodak PE Tech, LLC, Kodak LB Tech, LLC, Kodak Realty, Inc., Kodakit Singapore Pte. Limited and KP Services (Jersey) Ltd. This action allowed the Company to better position assets which may be monetized in the future and address costs related to underutilized properties. Collectively, these subsidiaries had sales of approximately $12 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, which represents 1% of Kodak’s consolidated sales. Collectively, these subsidiaries had assets of $21 million as of December 31, 2018, which represents 1% of Kodak’s consolidated assets as of December 31, 2018.

The designation of these subsidiaries as Unrestricted Subsidiaries increased the amount by which the Company’s EBITDA, as calculated under the Term Credit Agreement and the ABL Credit Agreement, exceeded the amount of EBITDA needed to satisfy the Net Secured Leverage Ratio covenant of 2.75 to 1.0 by $21 million and the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 by $22 million as of December 31, 2018. Each of the capitalized but undefined terms has the meaning ascribed to such term in the Credit Agreements.

Kodak intends to conduct its operations in a manner that will result in continued compliance with the secured leverage ratio covenant; however, future compliance may depend on Kodak undertaking one or more non-operational transactions, such as the repatriation of cash into the U.S., the management of operating cash outflows, the designation of subsidiaries as Unrestricted Subsidiaries, a monetization of assets, a debt refinancing, the raising of equity capital, or a similar transaction.  If Kodak is unable to remain in compliance and does not make alternate arrangements with its term lenders, an event of default would occur under Kodak’s credit agreements which, among other remedies, would entitle the lenders or their agents to declare the outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreements to be immediately due and payable.

Reporting requirements under the Term Credit Agreement require the Company to provide annual audited financial statements accompanied by an opinion of an independent public accountant without a “going concern” or like qualification or exception and without any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit or other material qualification or exception, except for any such qualification or exception with respect to any indebtedness maturing within 364 days after the date of such financial statements.  Lenders may take the position that the going concern explanatory paragraph contained in the audit report on the Company’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 does not satisfy the requirements under the Term Credit Agreement.  Under the Term Credit Agreement, if notice of a failure to comply with the reporting covenant is given to the Company by the lenders, an event of default would occur thereunder if such failure is not cured within thirty days after such notice is given, unless such event of default is waived by the requisite lenders.  In the event of default, the debt could become immediately due.

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The Company’s ABL Credit Agreement contains an opinion delivery requirement that corresponds to the requirement under the Term Credit Agreement, although under the ABL Credit Agreement there is an additional requirement that the opinion be reasonably acceptable to the agent under the ABL Credit Agreement.  On March 31, 2019 the Company obtained a waiver from the agent and lenders under the ABL Credit Agreement with respect to any event of default under the reporting covenant that may be deemed to occur in relation to the going concern explanatory paragraph in the audit report. Such waiver does not waive any cross-default that may occur in the event of the occurrence of an event of default under the Term Credit Agreement, as described above.

The loans made under the Term Credit Agreement become due on the earlier to occur of (i) the maturity date of September 3, 2019 or (ii) an acceleration of such loans following the occurrence of an event of default (as defined in the Term Credit Agreement). The Company also has issued approximately $85 million and $96 million of letters of credit under the ABL Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Should the Company not repay, refinance or extend the maturity of the loans under the existing Term Credit Agreement prior to June 5, 2019, the termination date will occur under the ABL Credit Agreement on such date unless the ABL Credit Agreement has been amended in the interim. Upon the occurrence of the termination date under the ABL Credit Agreement, the obligations thereunder will become due and the Company will need to provide alternate collateral in place of the letters of credit issued under the ABL Credit Agreement.  Kodak entered into an agreement to sell its Flexographic Packaging Division (“FPD”) on November 11, 2018.  The Company expects to close the sale of FPD as early as April 8, 2019 and intends to use the proceeds of such sale to reduce the loans outstanding under the Term Credit Agreement.  The Company has also been engaged in negotiations to refinance the portion of the Term Credit Agreement that will not be paid from proceeds from the sale of FPD.  The Company intends to amend and restate or refinance the Term Credit Agreement prior to the maturity of the Term Credit Agreement or ABL Credit Agreement and prior to the date on which any event of default would occur under the Term Credit Agreement.

Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans

Kodak made contributions (funded plans) or paid net benefits (unfunded plans) totaling approximately $15 million relating to its defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans in 2018.  For 2019, the forecasted contribution (funded plans) and net benefit payment (unfunded plans) requirements for its defined benefit pension and postretirement plans are approximately $20 million.

Capital Expenditures

Cash flows from investing activities included $33 million for capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2018.  Kodak expects approximately $15 million to $25 million of cash flows for investing activities from capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2019.  

Kodak is expanding its manufacturing facility in Weatherford, Oklahoma to provide additional production capacity for FLEXCEL NX Plates. The additional capacity will supplement Kodak’s existing plate manufacturing facility in Yamanashi, Japan and is designed to meet increasing demand. The new production line is expected to be in full production by mid-2019 and will initially focus on supplying FLEXCEL NX Plates to customers in the United States, Canada and Latin America. Kodak invested approximately $7 million in both 2018 and 2017. The total investment for the project is expected to be approximately $15 million.

IRS and Korean National Tax Service Agreement

In June 2012, Kodak filed a Request for Competent Authority Assistance with the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The request related to a potential double taxation issue with respect to patent licensing royalty payments received by Kodak in 2010. In October 2018, an agreement was reached by the IRS and Korean National Tax Service, resulting in a partial refund of Korean withholding taxes in the amount of $32 million. Kodak had previously agreed with the licensee that made the royalty payments that any refunds of the related Korean withholding taxes would be shared equally between Kodak and the licensee. Kodak received the $16 million net payment in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Transaction with RED-Rochester, LLC

In January 2019 Kodak entered into a series of agreements with RED-Rochester, LLC (“RED”), which provides utilities to the Eastman Business Park.  Under the agreements, future utility costs at Eastman Business Park may increase.  In exchange for the increase in utility costs, Kodak received a payment of $14 million from RED.  Kodak is required to pay a minimum annual overhead payment to RED of approximately $2 million regardless of utility usage.  Kodak is accounting for the $14 million payment from RED as debt.  The minimum payments required under the agreement from Kodak to RED will be reported as a reduction of the debt and interest expense using the effective interest method.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

EKC guarantees obligations to third parties for some of its consolidated subsidiaries.  The maximum amount guaranteed is $4 million and the outstanding amount for those guarantees is $1 million.

In connection with the settlement of certain of the Company’s historical environmental liabilities at EBP and in accordance with the terms of the associated settlement agreement (“Amended EBP Settlement Agreement”), in the event the historical EBP liabilities exceed $99 million, the Company will become liable for 50% of the portion above $99 million with no limitation to the maximum potential future payments.  There is no liability recorded related to this guarantee.

Kodak issues indemnifications in certain instances when it sells businesses and real estate, and in the ordinary course of business with its customers, suppliers, service providers and business partners.  

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Further, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers who are, or were, serving at the Company's request in such capacities.  Historically, costs incurred to settle claims related to these indemnifications have not been material to Kodak’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.  Additionally, the fair value of the indemnifications that Kodak issued during the year ended December 31, 2018 was not material to Kodak’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Kodak is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Eastman Kodak Company

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Eastman Kodak Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018, including the related notes, and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018 appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).  We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Substantial Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has debt maturing in 2019, operating losses and negative cash flows that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.  Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1.  The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Change in Accounting Principles

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for revenues from contracts with customers and the manner in which it accounts for retirement benefits in 2018.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A.  Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.  We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB.  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.  

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks.  Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.  Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.  Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.  Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Rochester, New York

April 1, 2019

We have served as the Company’s auditor since at least 1924. We have not been able to determine the specific year we began serving as auditor of the Company.

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EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

(in millions, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in millions)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(in millions)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(in millions, except share data)