EASTMAN KODAK CO - Annual Report: 2020 (Form 10-K)

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the year ended December 31, 2020 or

☐Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from _____ to_____

Commission File Number 1-87

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  585-724-4000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.

See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐    No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2020 was approximately $44 million.  The registrant has no non-voting common stock.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock as of March 1, 2021 was 78,503,476 shares of common stock.

Eastman Kodak Company

Form 10-K

December 31, 2019

Table of Contents

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PART I

When used in this report, unless otherwise indicated by the context, “we,” “our,” “us,” and “Kodak” refer to the consolidated company on the basis of consolidation described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K Report.  Also, unless otherwise indicated by the context, “EKC” and the “Company” refer to the parent company, Eastman Kodak Company.

Kodak is a global technology company focused on print, advanced materials and chemicals. Kodak provides industry-leading hardware, software, consumables and services primarily to customers in commercial print, packaging, publishing, manufacturing and entertainment. Kodak is committed to environmental stewardship and ongoing leadership in developing sustainable solutions. Kodak’s broad portfolio of superior products, responsive support and world-class R&D make Kodak solutions a smart investment for customers looking to improve their profitability and drive growth.

The Company was founded by George Eastman in 1880 and incorporated in 1901 in the State of New Jersey.  Kodak is headquartered in Rochester, New York.

REPORTABLE SEGMENTS

Kodak has four reportable segments:  Traditional Printing, Digital Printing, Advanced Materials and Chemicals and Brand.  The balance of Kodak’s continuing operations, which do not meet the criteria of a reportable segment, are reported in All Other and primarily represent the Eastman Business Park operations.

Traditional Printing

The Traditional Printing segment is comprised of Prepress Solutions, which includes Kodak’s digital offset plate offerings and computer-to-plate (“CTP”) imaging solutions.  The Traditional Printing segment provides digital and traditional product and service offerings to a variety of commercial industries, including commercial print, direct mail, book publishing, newspapers and magazines and packaging.

While this segment is experiencing challenges from digital substitution and competitive pricing pressures, innovations in Kodak product lines that can command premium prices offset some of the long-term market price erosion. Additionally, Kodak seeks to mitigate the impact of market dynamics on pricing and volume pressures and of increases in manufacturing costs, including aluminum prices, through a combination of price increases, commodity contracts, improved production efficiency and cost reduction initiatives.  

Prepress Solutions capitalizes on a contract-based, stable and recurring cash flow-generative business model. The average duration of customer contracts is two years. These contracts offer stability and generate recurring revenue. The core of the business is the manufacturing of aluminum digital printing plates of varying sizes. These plates can be as small as 23cm x 27cm and as large as 126cm x 287cm.  Unexposed plates are sold to commercial printing companies for use in the offset printing process. Kodak also manufactures equipment, known as CTP equipment, which images the plates with a laser. The plates are used in the offset printing process, which transfers ink from the plate onto a rubber blanket and then onto the substrate to be printed. Due to the nature of the imaging and printing process, a new plate must be used for each printing run. As a result, there is a recurring revenue stream from the sale of these plates.

The Traditional Printing products and services are sold globally to customers through both a direct sales team as well as indirectly through dealers.

Primary competitors are Fuji and Agfa.  Kodak expects to benefit from current industry trends, including customers’ increasing focus on sustainability initiatives, which strengthens demand for Kodak’s process-free solutions.  

Digital offset plate offerings include KODAK SONORA Process Free Plates. KODAK SONORA Process Free Plates are prepared directly with a CTP thermal output device and do not require subsequent processing chemistry, processing equipment or chemical disposal. As a result, the plates deliver cost savings and efficiency for customers and promote environmental sustainability practices.

Net sales for Traditional Printing accounted for 58% and 59% of Kodak’s total net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Traditional Printing segment also provides service and support related to these products.

On September 1, 2019 Kodak established a strategic relationship with Lucky HuaGuang Graphics Co. Ltd (“HuaGuang”) in the People’s Republic of China.  

The relationship is comprised of an agreement under which Kodak sold its shares of the Kodak (China) Graphic Communication Co. Ltd. entity, which included the offset printing plates facility in Xiamen, China, and related assets and liabilities, to HuaGuang; a supply agreement from HuaGuang to Kodak; and a license agreement under which Kodak licensed its plates technology to HuaGuang to sell into the plates market in China.  

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For further information on the relationship with HuaGuang, refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“MD&A”) and Note 16, “Other Operating (Income) Expense, net” in the Financial Statements and Supplementary Data under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Digital Printing

The Digital Printing segment contains Electrophotographic Printing Solutions, Prosper, Versamark and Software.  Digital Printing products include high-quality digital printing solutions using electrically charged toner-based technology, production press systems, consumables (primarily ink), inkjet components, software and services.  Digital Printing products are distributed directly by Kodak and indirectly through dealers. The markets that the Digital Printing segment serves are highly competitive in variable printing applications like direct mail, newspapers, books, and packaging/labels.  Key competitors are HP, Canon, Ricoh, and Screen.

Production workflow software manages content and color, reduces manual errors and helps customers manage the collaborative creative process. Kodak believes it is a leader in production workflow solutions for the commercial print and packaging industries with over 15,000 systems installed in some of the largest printing and packaging establishments around the world.

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Net sales for Digital Printing accounted for 23% and 24% of Kodak’s total net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Advanced Materials and Chemicals

The Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment is comprised of four lines of business: Industrial Film and Chemicals, Motion Picture, Advanced Materials and Functional Printing and Kodak Services for Business (“KSB”).  Kodak’s Advanced Materials and Chemicals products are distributed directly by Kodak and indirectly through dealers.  Kodak Alaris, a professional and consumer still photographic film and chemicals customer, represented approximately 30% and 20% of total Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment revenues in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment includes the Kodak Research Laboratories which conduct research, develop new product or new business opportunities and file patent applications for its inventions and innovations.  The Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment also manages licensing of its intellectual property to third parties and is a supporting participant for any licensing of Kodak intellectual property to a third party.  Kodak maintains a large worldwide portfolio of pending applications and issued patents.  

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Net sales for Motion Picture and Industrial Film and Chemicals accounted for 15% and 14% of Kodak’s total net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Brand

The Brand segment includes licensing of the Kodak brand to third parties.  Kodak currently licenses its brand for use with a range of products including digital, instant print and 35mm film cameras, printing and scanning consumer use devices, batteries, apparel and eyewear.  Kodak intends to continue efforts to grow its portfolio of brand licenses to generate both ongoing royalty streams and upfront payments. Brand licensees use the Kodak brand on their products and use their own distribution channels.

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Discontinued operations of Kodak include the Flexographic Packaging business.  Refer to Note 29, “Discontinued Operations” in the Notes to Financial Statements for additional information.

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RAW MATERIALS

The raw materials used by Kodak are many and varied and are generally readily available.  Lithographic aluminum is the primary material used in the manufacture of offset printing plates.  Kodak procures lithographic aluminum coils from several suppliers with pricing based, in part, on either prevailing market prices for aluminum or on fixed prices for aluminum agreed to up to eighteen months prior.  Electronic components are used in the manufacturing of commercial printers and other electronic devices.  The film and chemicals business uses many raw materials, including silver, from a broad range of suppliers.  While most raw materials are generally available from multiple sources, certain key electronic components and other components included in the finished goods manufactured by Kodak and manufactured by and purchased from Kodak’s third-party suppliers are obtained from single or limited sources, which subjects Kodak to supply risks.  Also, tariffs imposed in the U.S. have the practical effect of reducing to a single source the potential suppliers of lithographic aluminum coils for U.S. production purposes.

SEASONALITY OF BUSINESS

Printing equipment and plate unit sales generally are higher in the fourth quarter, resulting from customer or industry budgeting practices and buying patterns.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Kodak's general practice is to protect its investment in research and development and its freedom to use its inventions by obtaining patents. The ownership of these patents contributes to Kodak's ability to provide industry-leading products.  Kodak holds portfolios of patents in several areas important to its business, including specific technologies such as lithographic printing plates and related equipment systems; digital printing workflow and color management proofing systems; color and black-and-white electrophotographic printing systems including key press components and toners; commercial inkjet writing systems and components, presses and inks; consumer inkjet inks and media; custom and specialty materials for 3D printing, functional printing materials, material formulations, and deposition modalities; engineered microparticles for specific functions; security materials; embedded information; and color negative films, processing and print films.  Each of these areas is important to existing and emerging business opportunities that bear directly on Kodak's overall business performance.

In addition to patents, Kodak’s intellectual property includes know-how in many of the areas noted above, but in other businesses as well; such as, manufacturing of KSMs for the pharmaceutical industry.

Kodak's major products are not dependent upon one single, material patent.  Rather, the technologies that underlie Kodak's products are supported by an aggregation of patents having various remaining lives and expiration dates.  There is no individual patent, or group of patents, whose expiration is expected to have a material impact on Kodak's results of operations.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Kodak is subject to various laws and governmental regulations concerning environmental matters.  The U.S. federal environmental legislation and state regulatory programs having an impact on Kodak include the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the NY State Chemical Bulk Storage Regulations and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (the “Superfund Law”).

It is Kodak’s policy to carry out its business activities in a manner consistent with sound health, safety and environmental management practices, and to comply with applicable health, safety and environmental laws and regulations.  Kodak continues to engage in programs for environmental, health and safety protection and control.

Based upon information presently available, future costs associated with environmental compliance are not expected to have a material effect on Kodak's capital expenditures or competitive position, although costs could be material to a particular quarter or year.

EMPLOYMENT

At the end of 2020, Kodak employed the full time equivalent of approximately 4,500 people globally, of whom approximately 1,900 were employed in the U.S.  The actual number of employees may be greater because some individuals work part time.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Kodak files many reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (www.sec.gov), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K.  These reports, and amendments to these reports, are made available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after being electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC.  They are available through Kodak's website at www.Kodak.com.  To reach the SEC filings, follow the links to About Kodak, Investor Center, Financial Information and then SEC Filings.

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Kodak operates in rapidly changing economic and technological environments which present numerous risks, many of which are driven by factors it cannot control or predict. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, and results of operations and make an investment in its securities risky.  You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below in addition to other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) section and the consolidated financial statements and related notes. The following discussion of “risk factors” identifies Kodak’s assessment of the most significant factors which may adversely affect its business, operations, financial position, stock price or future financial performance.  Additional risks and uncertainties Kodak is unaware of, or currently believes are not material, may also become important factors which could adversely affect its business, operations, financial position or future financial performance.

Risks Related to Kodak’s Business

If Kodak is not able to successfully implement its business plans, or experiences implementation delays in cost structure reduction, Kodak’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and liquidity could be negatively affected.

Kodak’s business plans are subject to a number of assumptions, projections, and analysis. If these assumptions prove to be incorrect, Kodak may be unsuccessful in executing its business plans or achieving the projected results, which could adversely impact its financial results and liquidity. In addition, Kodak continues to rationalize its workforce and streamline operations to a leaner and more focused organization aligned with its business initiatives. There are no assurances such measures will prove to be successful or the cost savings or other results it achieves through these plans will be consistent with its expectations. As a result, its results of operations, financial position and liquidity could be negatively impacted. If restructuring plans are not effectively managed, it may experience lost customer sales, product delays, additional costs and other unanticipated effects, causing harm to its business and customer relationships.

Finally, the timing and implementation of these plans require compliance with numerous laws and regulations, including local labor laws, and the failure to comply with such requirements may result in damages, fines and penalties which could adversely affect Kodak’s business.

The ability to generate positive operating cash flows will be necessary for Kodak to continue to operate its business.

The positive cash flow from operations generated by Kodak in 2019 were derived from working capital improvements and individual transactions which occurred during the year and are not expected to be recurring.  Kodak has not generated positive operating cash flows without supplementing such cash flow from operations with monetization transactions over the past several years.  The Traditional Printing segment, Kodak’s largest segment, has had, and is expected to continue to have, declining revenues.  Kodak’s stable and remaining growth businesses may not grow or continue to generate the same or enough cash flow to offset businesses with declining cash flows and investments needed for certain growth businesses.  It may take Kodak longer to generate positive cash flow from operations than planned, which would have a material adverse effect on its liquidity and financial position.  If Kodak is unable to generate positive cash flow from operations for an extended period in the future or to adequately supplement such cash flow from operations with proceeds from monetization transactions, its ability to continue as a going concern could be impaired or limited.

Continued investment, capital needs, restructuring payments, dividends and servicing the Company’s debt require a significant amount of cash and it may not be able to generate sufficient cash to fund these activities, which could adversely affect its business, operating results and financial condition.

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Kodak’s business may not generate cash flow in an amount sufficient to enable it to pay the principal or mandatory redemption price of, or interest and dividends on, the senior secured first lien term loans (the “Term Loans”) borrowed under the Credit Agreement, dated February 26, 2021, by and among the Company, the lenders party thereto (the “Term Loan Lenders”), and Alter Domus (US) LLC, as Administrative Agent (the “Credit Agreement”), the 5.0% unsecured convertible notes held by the Term Loan Lenders (the “Convertible Notes”), the 4.0% Series B Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), and the 5.0% Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), or to fund Kodak’s other liquidity needs, including working capital, capital expenditures, product development efforts, restructuring actions, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances and other general corporate requirements. Its film manufacturing facilities are aged and without significant updates to equipment and systems will be more prone to failure.  Capital improvements are planned but there is risk to manufacturing operations especially due to the complexity of the processes and technology and the loss of knowledge as employees leave who are familiar with the processes and technology.  The longer these updates are delayed the higher the risk due to equipment failures, further obsolescence and additional loss of employees with the specific knowledge base.

Kodak’s ability to generate cash is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, litigation, regulatory and other factors beyond its control. There are no assurances:

If Kodak cannot fund its liquidity needs, it will have to take actions, such as reducing or delaying capital expenditures, product development efforts, strategic acquisitions, and investments and alliances; selling additional assets; restructuring or refinancing the Company’s debt; or seeking additional equity capital. Such actions could increase the Company’s debt, negatively impact customer confidence in its ability to provide products and services, reduce its ability to raise additional capital and delay sustained profitability. There are no assurances any of these actions could, if necessary, be taken on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or they would satisfy Kodak’s liquidity needs.

If Kodak is unable to continue successful development, funding, and commercialization of products in businesses upon which it is focused or do so within an acceptable timeframe, its financial performance could be adversely affected.

Kodak has focused its investments in print, advanced materials, and chemicals. These investment areas include offset plates and CTP devices, digital printing using commercial inkjet and electrophotography, high resolution functional printing for electronic and optical solutions, specialty chemicals (including pharmaceutical products) and smart materials for light control and 3D printing. Each of these businesses requires additional investment and may not be successful. The introduction of successful innovative products at market competitive prices and the achievement of scale are necessary for Kodak to grow these businesses, improve margins and achieve its financial objectives. Additionally, its strategy is based on a number of factors and assumptions, some of which are not within its control, such as the actions of third parties. There can be no assurance that it will be able to successfully execute all or any elements of its strategy, or that its ability to successfully execute its strategy will be unaffected by external factors. If Kodak is unsuccessful in growing its investment businesses as planned, or perceiving the needs of its target customers, its financial performance could be adversely affected.

Due to the nature of the products it sells and Kodak’s worldwide distribution, Kodak is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity costs which, together with tariffs that may be imposed, may adversely impact its results of operations and financial position.

As a result of Kodak’s global operating and financing activities, it is exposed to changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates, which may adversely affect its results of operations and financial position.  Exchange rates and interest rates in markets in which it does business tend to be volatile and, at times, its sales and profitability can be negatively impacted across all its segments depending upon the value of the U.S. dollar and other major currencies such as the euro, the Japanese yen, the British pound and the Chinese yuan. In addition, Kodak’s products contain aluminum, silver, petroleum-based or other commodity-based raw materials, the prices of which have been, and may continue to be, volatile. In the case of aluminum and other raw materials and components imported by Kodak, tariffs imposed from time to time may give rise to future cost increases.  Tariffs or duties may also be imposed on exported products produced by Kodak, making such products less competitive in jurisdictions imposing such tariffs or duties.  If the global economic situation remains uncertain or worsens, there could be further volatility in changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices, which could have negative effects on its revenue and earnings.

Weakness or worsening of global economic conditions could adversely affect Kodak’s financial performance and liquidity.

The global economic environment may adversely affect sales of Kodak’s products, profitability and liquidity. Global financial markets have been experiencing extreme volatility, including as a result of the global outbreak of the coronavirus formally known as COVID-19.  Economic conditions could accelerate any decline in demand for products, which could also place pressure on its results of operations and liquidity.

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In particular, if the coronavirus has a significant impact on the printing industry it could adversely impact the demand for Kodak’s products.  Certain known consequences to Kodak from the COVID-19 pandemic are disclosed in the financial statements contained in this Form 10-K and under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact Kodak’s results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at the time of this filing, including new information which may emerge concerning the scope and duration of the pandemic and the restrictions and other actions implemented to fight it, among others.  Direct and indirect effects from the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on the continuity of Kodak’s business operations and its results of operations and financial position, particularly if such effects have an extended duration. There is no guarantee that anticipated economic growth levels in markets which have experienced some economic strength will continue in the future, or Kodak will succeed in expanding sales in these markets.

In addition, accounts receivable and past due accounts could increase due to a decline in its customers’ ability to pay as a result of an economic downturn, including as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic, and its liquidity, including its ability to use credit lines, could be negatively impacted by failures of financial instrument counterparties, including banks and other financial institutions. If global economic weakness and tightness in the credit markets exist, worsen or are attenuated, Kodak’s profitability and related cash generation capability could be adversely affected and, therefore, affect its ability to meet its anticipated cash needs, impair its liquidity or increase its costs of borrowing.

Following an implementation period after the UK left the EU on 31 January 2020, and as of 1 January 2021 the UK is no longer a member of the EU single market and customs union. However, in December 2020 the UK reached a deal with the EU on certain key points, notably trade so that no duty is paid on goods moving between the UK and the EU.  Additional border checks have been introduced for goods leaving and entering the UK and these have resulted in some delays early in 2021. New export / import documentation required has resulted in some incremental costs.

The uncertainty concerning Brexit has also caused global stock market volatility and currency exchange rate fluctuations that resulted in strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies in which we conduct business. There may also be broader uncertainty over the position the United States will take with respect to certain treaty and trade relationships with other countries. This uncertainty may impact (i) the ability or willingness of non-U.S. companies to transact business in the United States, including with the Company, (ii) regulation and trade agreements affecting U.S. companies, (iii) global stock markets and (iv) general global economic conditions. All of these factors are outside Kodak’s control but may cause it to adjust its strategy in order to compete effectively in global markets and could adversely affect its business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

If Kodak is unable to successfully develop or commercialize new products or do so in a timely manner, its business, financial position and operating results may suffer.

Kodak generally sells its products in industries which are characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product and service introductions and changing industry standards.

Without the timely introduction of new products, services and enhancements, its products and services will become technologically obsolete over time, in which case its revenue and operating results would suffer. Therefore, its future results of operations will depend to a significant extent upon its ability to successfully commercialize new products in a timely manner. The success of its new products and services will depend on several factors, including its ability to:

As a result of these and other factors, products currently in development by Kodak (for example, UltraStream technology, new generations of Sonora offset plates, and small particle technology) may or may not be successfully commercialized in a timely manner, or at all. In connection with new products, Kodak will face risks relating to talent acquisition, construction, obtaining regulatory approvals, cost overruns, delays, product development and market development, among others.  If any of its key products cannot be successfully or timely commercialized, its operating results could be adversely affected. Moreover, it cannot guarantee any investment made in developing products will be recouped, even if it is successful in commercializing those products, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position and operating results.

If Kodak’s commercialization and manufacturing processes fail to prevent issues with product reliability, yield and quality, its product launch plans may be delayed, its financial results may be adversely impacted, and its reputation may be harmed.

In developing, commercializing and manufacturing Kodak’s products and services it must adequately address reliability and prevent yield and other quality issues, including defects in its engineering, design and manufacturing processes, as well as defects in third-party components included in its products. Because Kodak’s products are sophisticated and complicated to develop and commercialize with rapid advances in technologies, the occurrence of defects may increase, particularly with the introduction of new product lines.

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Unanticipated issues with product performance may delay product launch plans which could result in additional expenses, lost revenue and earnings. Although it has established internal procedures to minimize risks which may arise from product quality issues, there can be no assurance it will be able to eliminate or mitigate occurrences of these issues and associated liabilities. Product reliability, yield and quality issues can impair its relationships with new or existing customers and adversely affect its brand image; product quality issues can result in recalls, warranty, or other service obligations and litigation; and its reputation as a producer of high quality products could suffer, all of which could adversely affect its business as well as its financial results.

If the reputation of Kodak or its brand erodes significantly, it could have a material impact on its financial results.

Kodak’s reputation, and the reputation of its brand, form the foundation of its relationships with key stakeholders and other constituencies, including customers, suppliers and consumers. The quality and safety of Kodak’s products are critical to its business.  Kodak’s products have worldwide recognition, and its financial success is directly dependent on the success of its product offering.  One aspect of Kodak’s business is licensing others to use Kodak’s brand in connection with the sale of such licensees’ products and services, and activities by such licensees may be perceived by the market as being activities of Kodak.

The success of Kodak’s brand can suffer if its or its licensees’ marketing plans, product initiatives or activities do not have the desired impact on the brand’s image or ability to attract customers.  Kodak’s results could also be negatively impacted if its brand suffers substantial harm to its reputation due to significant product reliability and quality issues, and product-related litigation.  Additionally, negative or inaccurate postings or comments on social media or networking websites about Kodak, its licensees or its brand could generate adverse publicity which could damage the reputation of the brand.  Kodak takes measures to research licensees prior to entering into agreements, assesses the quality of licensee products, and maintains strict requirements to govern licensees use of the brand.  Kodak also devotes significant time and resources to programs consistent with its corporate values and commitments that are designed to protect and preserve its reputation, such as social responsibility and environmental sustainability. If these programs are not executed as planned or suffer negative publicity, Kodak’s reputation and financial results could be adversely impacted.

Increased competition, including price competition, could have a material adverse impact on Kodak’s revenue, gross margins, cash flow and market share.

The markets in which Kodak does business are highly competitive with large, entrenched, and well financed industry participants, many of which are larger than Kodak. In addition, it encounters aggressive price competition for many of its products and services from numerous companies globally. Any of its competitors may:

As a result, Kodak may not be able to compete successfully with its competitors. Finally, it may not be able to maintain its operating costs or prices at levels which would allow it to compete effectively. Kodak’s results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by these and other industry-wide pricing pressures. If its products, services and pricing are not sufficiently competitive with current and future competitors, it could also lose market share, adversely affecting its revenue, gross margins and cash flow.

An inability to provide competitive financing arrangements to Kodak’s customers or extension of credit to customers whose creditworthiness deteriorates could adversely impact its revenue, profitability and financial position.

The competitive environment in which Kodak operates may require it to facilitate or provide financing to its customers. Customer financing arrangements may cover all or a portion of the purchase price invoices for its products and services. It may also assist customers in obtaining financing from banks and other sources. Its success may be dependent, in part, upon its ability to provide customer financing on competitive terms and on its customers’ creditworthiness. Tightening of credit in the global financial markets can adversely affect the ability of Kodak’s customers to obtain financing for significant purchases, which may result in a decrease in, or cancellation of, orders for its products and services. If Kodak is unable to provide competitive financing solutions to its customers or if it extends credit to customers whose creditworthiness deteriorates, its revenues, profitability and financial position could be adversely impacted.

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The loss of one or more of Kodak’s key personnel, or its failure to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel in the future, could harm its business.

In order for it to be successful, Kodak must continue to attract, retain and motivate executives and other key employees, including technical, managerial, marketing, sales, research and support positions. Hiring and retaining qualified executives, research and engineering professionals, and qualified sales representatives, particularly in Kodak’s targeted growth markets, are critical to its future. It may be unable to attract and retain highly qualified management and employees, particularly if it does not offer employment terms competitive with the rest of the market. Failure to attract and retain qualified individuals, key leaders, executives and employees, or failure to develop and implement a viable succession plan, could result in inadequate depth of institutional knowledge or skill sets, which could adversely affect its business.

If Kodak cannot effectively anticipate or rapidly respond to technology trends and develop and market new products to respond to changing customer needs and preferences, its revenue, earnings and cash flow could be adversely affected.

Kodak serves imaging/print needs for business markets, including graphic communications, packaging, enterprise services, and printed electronics. Its success in these markets depends on its ability to offer differentiated solutions and technologies to capture market share and grow scale. To enable this, it must continually develop and introduce new products and services in a timely manner to keep pace with technological developments and achieve customer acceptance. In addition, the services and products it provides to customers may not or may no longer meet the needs of its customers as the business models of its customers evolve. Its customers may decide to outsource their imaging needs or may purchase imaging services and needs from other suppliers. In addition, it is difficult to predict successfully the products and services its customers will demand. The success of Kodak’s business depends in part on its ability to identify and respond promptly to changes in customer preferences, expectations and needs. If it does not timely assess and respond to changing customer expectations, preferences and needs, its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected.

If Kodak is unable to timely anticipate new technology trends, develop improvements to its current technology to address changing customer preferences, and effectively communicate its businesses, products, and the markets it serves, its revenue, earnings and cash flow could be adversely affected. The success of Kodak’s technology development efforts may be affected by the development efforts of its competitors, which may have more financial and other resources to better ascertain technology trends, changing customer preferences, and changing business expectations or models. Kodak’s assessment and response may as a result be incomplete or inferior when compared to its competitors, which could adversely affect its product roadmaps and associated revenue streams.

Kodak has reduced the scope of its corporate-focused research and development activities.  If its investment in research and product development is inadequate, its response to changing customer needs and changing market dynamics may be too slow and this may adversely affect revenue streams from new products and services.

Kodak makes investments in new products and services that may not achieve expected returns.

Commercial success depends on many factors, including innovativeness, developer support, and effective distribution and marketing. If customers do not perceive Kodak’s latest offerings as providing significant new functionality or other value, they may reduce their purchases of new products or upgrades, unfavorably affecting revenue. Kodak may not achieve significant revenue from new product, service, and distribution channel investments for several years, if at all.  

New products and services may not be profitable, and even if they are profitable, operating margins for some new products and businesses may not be as high as the margins Kodak has experienced historically. Developing new technologies is complex. It can require long development and testing periods. Significant delays in new releases or significant problems in creating new products or services could adversely affect Kodak’s revenue.

Kodak relies on third-party suppliers and service providers to support its manufacturing, logistics, and business operations and faces the risks associated with reliance on external business partners.

Kodak relies on third-party suppliers for goods and services to support its manufacturing, logistics, and business operations.  To the extent it relies on third-parties, it faces the risks that those third parties may not be able to:

Suppliers may choose to unilaterally withhold products, components or services. In addition, Kodak may experience shortages in supply and disruptions in service and supply as a result of unexpected demand, transportation and logistical limitations, and/or disruptions or production difficulties at its suppliers, such as disruptions due to fires, medical epidemics, other natural disasters or events outside of a supplier’s control. In addition, disruptions could result from a reduction in the number of its suppliers due to their own financial difficulties or a reduction in the products offered by such suppliers. As a result of the loss of any supplier, or a substantial decrease in the availability of products from its suppliers, Kodak may be unable to meet its customer commitments, its costs could be higher than planned, and its cash flows and the reliability of its products could be negatively impacted. Kodak will vigorously enforce its contractual rights under such circumstances, but there is no guarantee it will be successful in preventing or mitigating the effects of unilateral actions by its suppliers.

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Other supplier problems that Kodak could encounter include electronic component shortages, excess supply, interruption of IT services, risks related to the duration and termination of its contracts with suppliers for components and materials, non-competitive pricing due to tariffs, and risks related to the ability to obtain products, components or services from single source suppliers on favorable terms or at all. The realization of any of these risks, should alternative third-party relationships not be available or established, could cause interruptions in supply or increases in costs which might result in Kodak’s inability to meet customer demand for its products, damage to its relationships with its customers, and reduced market share, all of which could adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.

Any significant negative change in the payment terms that Kodak has with its suppliers could adversely affect its liquidity.  There is a risk that Kodak’s key suppliers could respond to any actual or apparent decrease in or any concern with its financial results or liquidity by requiring or conditioning their sale of goods or services to Kodak on more stringent or more costly payment terms, such as by requiring standby letters of credit, earlier or advance payment of invoices, payment upon delivery, or shorter payment terms. Kodak’s need for additional liquidity could significantly increase and its supply could be materially disrupted if a significant portion of its key suppliers and vendors took one or more of the actions described above, which could have a material adverse effect on its sales, customer satisfaction, cash flows, liquidity and financial position.

Business disruptions could seriously harm Kodak’s future revenue and financial condition and increase its costs and expenses. Worldwide operations could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages, telecommunications failures, cyber-attacks, terrorism and other physical security threats, water shortages, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics, political or economic instability, and other natural or manmade disasters or business interruptions, for which Kodak is predominantly self-insured. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could seriously harm its revenue and financial condition and increase its costs and expenses.

The ongoing outbreak of the coronavirus formally known as COVID-19 has resulted in travel restrictions, disruptions to suppliers’ performance and delivery, as well as the temporary shutdown of many businesses.

Certain of Kodak’s critical business functions, including its manufacturing and field service operations, cannot be performed remotely, and an inability of Kodak’s employees to physically work at its or its customers locations due to government restrictions, health concerns or illness may disrupt its operations, perhaps significantly.  Kodak has experienced some disruptions in its manufacturing and logistics operations due to the coronavirus outbreak.  The full extent to which the coronavirus outbreak continues to impact Kodak’s results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at the time of this filing, including new information which may emerge concerning the coronavirus and the actions taken to contain the virus or treat its impact, among others. Complications from the coronavirus outbreak could have a material adverse effect on the continuity of our business operations and our results of operations and financial position.

In addition, some areas, including parts of the east and west coasts of the United States, have previously experienced, and may experience in the future, major power shortages and blackouts. These blackouts could cause disruptions to Kodak’s operations or the operations of its suppliers, distributors and resellers, or customers. Kodak has operations including research and development facilities in geographically disparate locations, such as Israel, Japan, China, Canada and Germany.

The impact of these risks is greater in areas where products are manufactured at a sole or limited number of location(s), and where the sourcing of materials is limited to a sole or limited base of suppliers, since any material interruption in operations in such locations or suppliers could impact Kodak’s ability to provide a particular product or service for a period of time.

Kodak’s inability to effectively complete and manage strategic transactions could adversely impact its business performance, including its financial results.

As part of Kodak’s strategy, it may be engaged in discussions with third parties regarding possible investments, acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures, divestitures, asset sales, spin-offs and outsourcing transactions and may enter into agreements relating to such transactions in order to further its business objectives.  In order to successfully pursue its strategic transaction strategy, it must identify suitable sellers, buyers and partners and successfully complete transactions, some of which may be large and complex, and manage post-closing issues such as the elimination of any remaining post-sale costs related to divested businesses.  Transaction risk can be more pronounced for larger and more complicated transactions or when multiple transactions are pursued simultaneously.  There are no assurances Kodak will be able to consummate any strategic transactions which it undertakes or, if consummated, Kodak will achieve the benefits sought to be achieved from such strategic transactions.  If Kodak fails to identify and successfully complete transactions that further its strategic objectives, it may be required to expend resources to develop products and technology internally, it may be at a competitive disadvantage or it may be adversely affected by negative market perceptions. Any of these factors could have an adverse effect on its revenue, gross margins and profitability. In addition, unpredictability surrounding the timing of such transactions could adversely affect its financial results.

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Kodak may pursue acquisitions or combinations which could fail or present unanticipated problems for its business in the future, which would adversely affect its ability to realize the anticipated benefits of those transactions or increase the price it would be required to pay.

Kodak may seek to enter into transactions which may include acquiring or combining with other businesses. It may not be able to identify suitable acquisition or combination opportunities or finance and complete any particular acquisition or combination successfully. Furthermore, acquisitions and combinations involve a number of risks and challenges, including:

Any of these factors could adversely affect its ability to achieve anticipated levels of cash flows or realize synergies or other anticipated benefits from a strategic transaction. Furthermore, the market for transactions is highly competitive, which may adversely affect its ability to find transactions which fit its strategic objectives or increase the price it would be required to pay (which could decrease the benefit of the transaction or hinder its desire or ability to consummate the transaction). Strategic transactions may occur at any time and may be significant in size relative to its assets and operations.

Cyber-attacks or other data security incidents that disrupt Kodak’s operations or result in the breach or other compromise of proprietary of confidential information about its workforce, its customers, or other third parties could disrupt its business, harm its reputation, cause it to lose customers, and expose it to costly regulatory enforcement and litigation.

To effectively manage Kodak’s global business, it depends on secure and reliable information technology systems with accurate data. These systems and their underlying infrastructure are provided by a combination of Kodak and third-parties, and if unavailable or unreliable, could disrupt Kodak’s operations, causing delays or cancellation of customer orders, impeding the manufacturing or delivery of products, delaying the reporting of financial results, or impacting other business processes critical to running its business.

Kodak’s IT systems contain critical information about its business, including intellectual property and confidential information of its customers, business partners, and employees.  Cyber-attacks or defects in its systems could result in this proprietary information being disclosed or modified, which could cause significant damage to its business or its reputation.

Kodak has system controls and security measures in place that are designed to protect its IT systems against intentional or unintentional disruptions of its operations or disclosure of confidential information, but it may not be able to implement solutions that result in stopping or detecting all of these threats to its internal information systems or those of its third-party providers.  A breach of Kodak’s security measures could result in unauthorized access to and misuse of its information, corruption of data, or disruption of operations, any of which could have a material adverse impact on its business.

Kodak also provides IT-based products and services to its customers, and operates services used by its customers and hosted by Kodak, both businesses and consumers, and a breach of its security or reliability measures, or those of its third-party service providers, could negatively impact its customers’ operations or data privacy.

Attacks on IT systems continue to grow in frequency, complexity and sophistication, and Kodak is regularly targeted by unauthorized parties using malicious tactics, code and viruses.

Kodak has programs in place to prevent, detect and respond to data or cyber security incidents. However, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, are increasingly more complex and sophisticated and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time, Kodak may be unable or fail to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate or timely preventive or responsive measures.

Failure to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations, anti-money laundering laws and regulations, economic and trade sanctions, and similar laws could have a materially adverse effect on Kodak’s reputation, results of operations or financial condition, or have other adverse consequences.

Regulators worldwide are exercising heightened scrutiny with respect to anti-corruption, economic and trade sanctions, and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Such heightened scrutiny has resulted in more aggressive investigations and enforcement of such laws and more burdensome regulations, any of which could adversely impact Kodak’s business.  Kodak has a global operating presence, including in numerous developing economies where companies and government officials are more likely to engage in business practices that are prohibited by domestic and foreign laws and regulations, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act.

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Such laws generally prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign government officials and leaders of political parties, and in some cases, to other persons, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.  Kodak is also subject to economic and trade sanctions programs, including those administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, which prohibit or restrict transactions or dealings with specified countries, their governments, and in certain circumstances, their nationals, and with individuals and entities that are specially designated, including narcotics traffickers and terrorists or terrorist organizations, among others.  In addition, Kodak is subject to anti-money laundering laws and regulations.

Kodak has implemented policies and procedures to monitor and address compliance with applicable anti-corruption, economic and trade sanctions and anti-money laundering laws and regulations, and it periodically reviews, upgrades and enhances certain of its policies and procedures. However, there can be no assurance that its employees, consultants or agents will not take actions in violation of its policies for which it may be ultimately responsible, or that its policies and procedures will be adequate or will be determined to be adequate by regulators.  Any violations of applicable anti-corruption, economic and trade sanctions or anti-money laundering laws or regulations could limit certain of Kodak’s business activities until they are satisfactorily remediated and could result in civil and criminal penalties, including fines, which could damage its reputation and have a materially adverse effect on its results of operation or financial condition.

Failure to comply with privacy, data protection and cyber security laws and regulations could have a materially adverse effect on Kodak’s reputation, results of operations or financial condition.

Kodak receives, processes, transmits and stores information relating to identifiable individuals (personal information), both in its role as a technology provider and as an employer. As a result, Kodak is subject to numerous U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations relating to personal information. These laws have been subject to frequent changes, and new legislation in this area may be enacted at any time.

More recent examples of data privacy laws include the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California’s Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and Privacy Rights Act (CPRA), and Brazil’s General Data Protection Law (LGPD).

Recently enacted laws and regulations, as well as any other change to existing laws, the introduction of new laws in this area, or the failure to comply with existing laws that are applicable, may subject Kodak to, among other things, additional costs or changes to its business practices, liability for monetary damages, fines and/or criminal prosecution, unfavorable publicity, restrictions on its ability to obtain and process information and allegations by its customers and clients that it has not performed its contractual obligations. At the same time, the risk of cyber-attacks is relevant to the requirements regarding storage, transfer, sharing and handling of personal information.  

This environment demands Kodak continuously improve its design and coordination of security controls and contractual arrangements across its businesses and geographies.  Despite these efforts, it is possible its security controls over personal data, its training of employees and vendors on data privacy and data security, and other practices it follows may not prevent the improper disclosure of personal information.  Improper disclosure of this information could harm its reputation or subject it to liability under laws which protect personal data, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenue.

If Kodak cannot protect the intellectual property rights on which its business depends, or if third parties assert it violates their intellectual property rights, its revenue, earnings, expenses and liquidity may be adversely impacted.

A key differentiator for Kodak in many of its businesses is its technological advantage over competitors’ products and solutions. Its technological advantage is supported by Kodak’s intellectual property rights. Patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws in the United States and similar laws in other countries, and non-disclosure, confidentiality and other types of agreements with Kodak’s employees, customers, suppliers and other parties, may not be effective in establishing, maintaining, protecting and enforcing Kodak’s intellectual property rights.

Any of Kodak’s direct or indirect intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed, diluted, disclosed or misappropriated, or such intellectual property rights may not be sufficient to permit it to take advantage of current market trends or otherwise to provide competitive advantages, which could result in costly product redesign efforts, discontinuance of certain product offerings or other competitive harm. Further, the laws of certain countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same degree as the laws of the United States.

Therefore, in certain jurisdictions, Kodak may be unable to protect its proprietary technology adequately against unauthorized third party copying, infringement or use, which could adversely affect its competitive position.  Also, some of Kodak’s business and some of its products rely on key technologies developed or licensed by third parties and, because of the rapid pace of technological change in the information technology industry, it may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from relevant third parties on reasonable terms, or at all.

Kodak also licenses third parties to use its trademarks. In an effort to preserve its trademark rights, Kodak enters into license agreements with these third parties which govern the use of its trademarks and require its licensees to abide by quality control standards with respect to the goods and services they provide under the trademarks. Although Kodak makes efforts to police the use of its trademarks by its licensees, there can be no assurance these efforts will be sufficient to ensure the licensees abide by the terms of their licenses. In the event Kodak’s licensees fail to do so, its trademark rights could be diluted and its reputation harmed by its licensees’ activities.  Also, failure by Kodak and its licensees to sufficiently exploit any of Kodak’s trademarks in any markets could erode Kodak’s trademark rights with respect to the relevant trademarks. Because the laws and enforcement regimes of certain countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same degree as those in the United States, in certain jurisdictions Kodak may be unable to adequately prevent such unauthorized uses, which could result in impairment of its trademark rights.

Kodak has made substantial investments in new, proprietary technologies and has filed patent applications and obtained patents to protect its intellectual property rights in these technologies as well as the interests of its licensees.

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There can be no assurance Kodak’s patent applications will be approved, any patents issued will be of sufficient scope or strength to provide it with meaningful protection, or such patents will not be challenged by third parties. Furthermore, Kodak may fail to accurately predict all of the countries where patent protection will ultimately be desirable, and if it fails to timely file a patent application in any such country, it may be precluded from doing so at a later date. The patents issuing may vary in scope of coverage depending on the country in which such patents issue.

In addition, the intellectual property rights of others could inhibit Kodak’s ability to conduct its business. Other companies may hold patents on technologies used in Kodak’s industries and some of these companies may be aggressively seeking to expand, enforce or license their patent portfolios.  Third parties may claim Kodak and its customers, licensees or other parties indemnified by it are infringing upon their intellectual property rights. Such claims may be made by competitors seeking to block or limit Kodak’s access to certain markets. Additionally, certain individuals and groups have purchased intellectual property assets for the sole purpose of making claims of infringement and attempting to extract settlements from large companies like Kodak. Even if it believes the claims are without merit, these claims may have the following negative impacts on its business:

Finally, Kodak uses open source software in connection with some of its products and services. Companies which incorporate open source software into their products have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the ownership of open source software and/or compliance with open source license terms. As a result, Kodak could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what it believes to be open source software or noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute open source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost.  Any requirement to disclose Kodak’s source code or pay damages for breach of contract could be harmful to its business results of operations and financial condition.

Kodak’s future pension and other postretirement benefit plan costs and required level of contributions could be unfavorably impacted by changes in actuarial assumptions, market performance of plan assets and obligations imposed by legislation or pension authorities which could adversely affect its financial position, results of operations, and cash flow.

Kodak has significant defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit obligations.

The funded status of its U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans (and other postretirement benefit plans), and the related cost reflected in its financial statements, are affected by various factors subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Key assumptions used to value these benefit obligations, funded status and expense recognition include the discount rate for future payment obligations, the long term expected rate of return on plan assets, salary growth, healthcare cost trend rates, mortality trends, and other economic and demographic factors. Significant differences in actual experience, or significant changes in future assumptions or obligations imposed by legislation or pension authorities, could lead to a potential future need to contribute cash or assets to Kodak’s plans in excess of currently estimated contributions and benefit payments and could have an adverse effect on Kodak’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

In past years, Kodak has experienced increases in the costs of these defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit obligations as a result of macro-economic factors beyond its control, including increases in health care costs, declines in investment returns on pension plan assets, and changes in discount rates and mortality rates used to calculate pension and related liabilities. At least some of these macro-economic factors may again put pressure on the cost of providing pension and medical benefits. There can be no assurance it will succeed in limiting cost increases. In addition, continued upward pressure, including any as a result of new legislation, could reduce the profitability of its businesses.

Kodak may be required to recognize impairments in the value of its goodwill and/or other long-lived assets which could adversely affect its results of operations.

Upon emergence from bankruptcy, Kodak applied fresh start accounting pursuant to which the reorganization value was allocated to the individual assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values. The excess reorganization value over the fair value of identified tangible and intangible assets is reported as goodwill. In connection with fresh start, Kodak also determined the fair value of its other long-lived assets, including intangible assets. The determination of reorganization value, equity value of the Company’s common stock and fair value of assets and liabilities is dependent on various estimates and assumptions, including financial projections and the realization of certain events. Kodak tests goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment annually or whenever events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Kodak evaluates other long-lived assets for impairments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairments could occur in the future if Kodak’s expected future cash flows decline, market or interest rate environments deteriorate, or if carrying values change materially compared with changes in their respective fair values.

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Kodak’s businesses experience seasonality of sales. Therefore, lower demand for Kodak’s products or increases in costs during periods which are expected to be at peak in seasonality may have a pronounced negative effect on its results of operations.

Equipment and consumables sales generally exhibit higher levels in the fourth quarter due to the seasonal nature of placements, resulting from customer or industry budgeting practices. As a result, a sequential quarter-to-quarter comparison is not a good indication of Kodak’s performance or how it will perform in the future. In addition, adverse developments during what are expected to be peak periods in seasonality, such as lower-than-anticipated demand for its products, an internal systems failure, increases in materials costs, or failure of or performance problems with one of its key logistics, components supply, or manufacturing partners, could have a material adverse impact on its financial condition and operating results. Tight credit markets which limit capital investments or a weak economy which decreases print demand could negatively impact equipment or consumable sales. These external developments are often unpredictable and may have an adverse impact on its business and results of operations.  

If Kodak fails to manage distribution of its products and services properly, its revenue, gross margins and earnings could be adversely impacted.

Kodak uses a variety of distribution methods to sell and deliver its products and services, including direct sales, third-party resellers and distributors. Successfully managing the interaction of direct and indirect channels across customer segments for its products and services is complex. Since each distribution method has distinct risks and financial implications, Kodak’s failure to achieve the most advantageous delivery model for its products and services could adversely affect its revenue and earnings.

Kodak’s future results could be harmed if it is unsuccessful in its sales in emerging markets.

Because Kodak is seeking to expand its sales and number of customer relationships outside the United States, including in emerging markets in Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe, Kodak’s business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, such as:

There can be no assurance Kodak will be able to market and sell its products in all of its targeted markets. If its efforts are not successful, its business growth and results of operations could be harmed.

As a global company, Kodak is subject to regulatory requirements and laws in the jurisdictions in which it operates, and any alleged non-compliance with these requirements or laws could result in an adverse financial or reputational impact.

Kodak is subject to environmental laws and regulations.  Failure to comply with such laws and regulations or liabilities imposed as a result of such laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Kodak is subject to environmental laws and regulations world-wide that govern, for example, the discharge of pollutants, the management of hazardous materials, the cleanup of contaminated sites, and the composition and end-of-life management of its products.

Non-compliance with applicable laws or liability incurred without regard to fault could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition. The cost of complying with such laws could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.  Any uncertainties related to environmental conditions or obligations at Kodak’s properties may impact its ability to further develop or sell such properties.

Kodak may have additional tax liabilities.

Kodak is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and in many foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining Kodak’s worldwide provision for income taxes.  In the course of its business, there are transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain.

Kodak operates within multiple taxing jurisdictions worldwide and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions.  These audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time for resolution.

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Management’s ongoing assessments of the outcomes of these issues and related tax positions require judgment, and although management believes that adequate provisions have been made for such issues, there is the possibility that the ultimate resolution of such issues could have an adverse effect on the earnings and cash flow of Kodak.

Kodak’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and reputation may be negatively impacted by legal matters.

Kodak has various contingencies which are not reflected on its balance sheet, including those arising as a result of being involved from time to time in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations, remediations and proceedings concerning commercial, tax, tort, customs, employment, health and safety and intellectual property matters, licensee activities, and compliance with various domestic and international laws and regulations.  Should developments in any of these matters cause a change in its determination as to an unfavorable outcome and result in the need to recognize a material accrual or should any of these matters result in a final adverse judgment or be settled for significant amounts, they could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

On July 28, 2020, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (the “DFC”) announced (the “DFC Announcement”) the signing of a non-binding letter of interest to provide a subsidiary of the Company with a potential $765 million loan (the “DFC Loan”) to support the launch of Kodak Pharmaceuticals, an initiative that would manufacture pharmaceutical ingredients for essential generic drugs (the “DFC Pharmaceutical Project”).  The DFC Announcement and circumstances surrounding it prompted congressional investigations, an SEC investigation and a New York Attorney General’s investigation.  A number of lawsuits have been filed or threatened alleging various securities law violations and breaches of fiduciary duties based on circumstances surrounding the DFC Announcement.  If the findings of the ongoing investigations are unfavorable or the Company is not successful in defending the lawsuits associated with the DFC Announcement, Kodak’s reputation could be damaged, its existing business could be adversely affected, and it may incur significant costs which may not be fully covered by insurance.

Regulations related to “conflict minerals” may require Kodak to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the cost of certain metals used in manufacturing Kodak’s products.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act contains provisions to improve transparency and accountability concerning the supply of minerals originating from the conflict zones of the Democratic Republic of Congo (“DRC”) and adjoining countries.

As a result, in August 2012, the SEC adopted rules requiring disclosure related to sourcing of specified minerals, known as “conflict minerals,” which are necessary to the functionality or production of products manufactured or contracted to be manufactured by public companies. Kodak has designed its overall conflict minerals policies and procedures to be consistent with the guidance issued by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and continues to perform due diligence on its supply chain.  Kodak filed its most recent Conflict Minerals Disclosure report for the reporting period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 on May 29, 2020.  As of the date of the report, Kodak determined certain of its products contain such specified minerals but was unable to determine whether or not such minerals originate from the DRC or an adjoining country.  Kodak may incur additional costs to comply with these disclosure requirements, including costs related to determining the sources of the specified minerals used in its products, in addition to the cost of any changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities, which may adversely affect its business.

In addition, the number of suppliers who provide “conflict-free” minerals may be limited, which may make it difficult to satisfy customers who require all of the components of its products be certified as conflict-free, which could place it at a competitive disadvantage if it is unable to do so. Because Kodak’s supply chain is complex, it may also not be able to sufficiently verify the origins of the relevant minerals used in its products through its due diligence procedures, which may harm its reputation.

Risks Related to the Company’s Indebtedness and Access to Capital Markets

There can be no assurance the Company will be able to comply with the terms of its various credit facilities.

A breach of any of the financial or other covenants contained in the cash collateralized Letter of Credit Facility Agreement (the “LC Credit Agreement”), Asset Based Revolving Credit Agreement (the “ABL Credit Agreement”), Term Loan Credit Agreement or the Convertible Notes, (together, the “Credit Agreements”) could result in an event of default under these facilities.

If any default or event of default occurs under the LC Credit Agreement or ABL Credit Agreement and the Company is not able to either cure it or obtain a waiver from the requisite lenders under the LC Credit Agreement and ABL Credit Agreement, the administrative agent under the LC Credit Agreement and ABL Credit Agreement may, and at the request of the requisite lenders for that facility must, declare all of the Company’s outstanding obligations under the LC Credit Agreement and ABL Credit Agreement, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable.  In addition, the agent under the LC Credit Agreement and ABL Credit Agreement may, and at the request of the requisite lenders must, terminate the lenders’ commitments under that facility and cease making further loans. If any default or event of default occurs under the Term Loan Credit Agreement or Convertible Notes and the Company is not able to either cure it or obtain a waiver from the holders of the Term Loan Credit Agreement or Convertible Notes, such holders may declare all of the Company’s outstanding obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and Convertible Notes, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable.  If applicable, the administrative agent under the LC Credit Agreement, ABL Credit Agreement and Term Loan Credit Agreement and the collateral agent for the Convertible Notes could institute foreclosure proceedings against the pledged assets. Any of these outcomes would likely have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations and its ability to satisfy its obligations as they come due.

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On March 6, 2020 Kodak obtained a waiver from the agent and lenders under the ABL Credit Agreement with respect to any event of default under the reporting covenant in the ABL Credit Agreement that may be deemed to have occurred in relation to the going concern explanatory paragraph contained in the audit report on Kodak’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019.  The additional liquidity provided by the financing transactions which closed on February 26, 2021, the extension of the maturity date of the ABL Credit Agreement, and the repurchase and exchange of the Series A Preferred Stock alleviated the substantial doubt about Kodak’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date its financial statements are issued (March 16, 2021) and therefore a waiver from the agent and lenders under the ABL Credit Agreement was not required for the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020.  For more information on the reporting covenants under the Credit Agreements and the potential impact of the explanatory paragraph in the audit report refer to Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Sources of Liquidity.”

The current non-investment grade status and Kodak’s financial condition may adversely impact Kodak’s commercial operations, increase its liquidity requirements and increase the cost of refinancing opportunities. It may not have adequate liquidity to post required amounts of additional collateral.

The Company’s corporate family credit rating is currently below investment grade and there are no assurances its credit ratings will improve, or they will not decline, in the future.  In addition, the Company may not continue to maintain credit ratings from the recognized rating agencies.  

Its credit ratings and financial condition may affect the evaluation of its creditworthiness by trading counterparties and lenders, which could put it at a disadvantage to competitors with higher or investment grade ratings.

In carrying out its commercial business strategy, the current non-investment grade credit ratings have resulted and will likely continue to result in requirements that Kodak either prepay obligations or post significant amounts of collateral to support its business.

Should its ratings continue at their current levels, or should its ratings be further downgraded, it would expect these negative effects to continue and, in the case of a downgrade, become more pronounced.  In particular, given the Company’s current credit ratings it would be required, if requested, to provide up to $3 million of additional letters of credit to the issuers of certain surety bonds to fully collateralize such bonds.

The availability of borrowings and letters of credit under the ABL Credit Agreement and LC Credit Agreement is limited by the amount of various types of assets and, under certain circumstances, the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement will have greater control over Kodak’s cash.

Availability under the Company’s ABL Credit Agreement is based on the amount of Eligible Receivables, Eligible Inventory, Eligible Machinery and Equipment less specified reserves as described in Note 9, “Debt and Finance Leases” to the consolidated financial statements.  Kodak’s U.S. Accounts Receivable and Inventory levels have declined over the past four years, and Machinery and Equipment for purposes of the ABL Credit Agreement amortizes down by $1 million per quarter.  

Availability under the Company’s LC Credit Agreement is based on cash collateral in an amount greater than or equal to 103% of the aggregate amount of letters of credit issued and outstanding at any given time (the “LC Cash Collateral”).  

If Eligible Receivables, Eligible Inventory and Eligible Machinery and Equipment continue to decline and an asset base cannot be maintained to support the $42 million of letters of credit outstanding under the ABL Credit Agreement and the $11 million of Excess Availability required under the ABL Credit Agreement,  or if LC Cash Collateral is not maintained to support the 103% of the $49 million of letters of credit outstanding under the LC Credit Agreement, the Company would be required to remain in compliance with the ABL Credit Agreement’s Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and operate under cash dominion by the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement.  

Additional LC Cash Collateral would be classified as restricted cash and would not be available to support ongoing working capital and investment needs.

If the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement executed cash dominion, it would increase operational complexities for the Company.  An event of default would occur under these circumstances if the Company is unable to remain in compliance with the ABL Credit Agreement’s Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and operate under cash dominion by the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement.

The Company’s substantial monetary obligations require a portion of its cash flow be used to fund other obligations rather than be invested in the business and could adversely affect its ability to fund its operations.

The Company’s indebtedness under the Credit Agreements and its other obligations could have important negative consequences to the Company and investors in its securities. These include the following:

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The Company cannot be sure cash generated from its business will be as high as it expects, or its expenses will not be higher than it expects. Because a portion of its expenses are fixed in any given year, its operating cash flow margins are highly dependent on revenues, which are largely driven by customer demand. A lower amount of cash generated from its business or higher expenses than expected, when coupled with its debt obligations, could adversely affect its ability to fund its operations.

Kodak may desire additional capital funding and such capital may not be available to it and/or may be limited.

Kodak may desire to raise additional capital, including to pursue additional growth opportunities, strategic transactions or additional reorganization initiatives or refinance or redeem outstanding debt or preferred stock.  Because of Kodak’s current non-investment grade credit rating and financial condition, and/or general conditions in the financial and credit markets, its access to the capital markets may be limited.

Kodak’s ability to obtain capital and the costs of such capital are dependent on numerous factors, including:

Kodak may not be successful in obtaining additional capital for these or other reasons. An inability to access capital may limit its ability to capitalize on growth or efficiency opportunities or refinancings it would otherwise like to pursue.

Risks Related to the Company’s Common Stock

The conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock may dilute the value for the current holders of the Company’s common stock.

The 1,000,000 outstanding shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of 9.5238 shares of common stock per share of Series B Preferred Stock, the 750,000 outstanding shares of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock (expected to increase to 1,000,000 outstanding shares) are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of 10 shares of common stock per share of Series C Preferred Stock, and the Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of 100 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes.  The outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock and outstanding principal amount of the Convertible Notes are expected to increase as a result of the payment of dividends and interest in kind at a rate of 5.0% per annum.  As a result of the conversion of any issued and outstanding Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock or Convertible Notes (collectively, the “Convertible Securities”), the Company’s existing shareholders will own a smaller percentage of its outstanding common stock. Based on the capitalization of the Company as of February 26, 2021 after giving effect to the issuance of the Convertible Securities, the conversion of all Convertible Securities would result in the issuance to holders thereof of approximately 22% of the outstanding common stock after giving effect to such conversion.  Further, additional shares of common stock may be issuable pursuant to certain other features of the Convertible Securities, with such issuances being further dilutive to existing holders of common stock.

If Convertible Securities are converted into common stock, holders of such converted common stock will be entitled to the same dividend and distribution rights as holders of the common stock currently authorized and outstanding. As such, another dilutive effect resulting from the conversion of any issued and outstanding Convertible Securities will be a dilution to dividends and distributions.

Holders of the Company’s common stock will not realize any dilution in their ownership, dividend or distribution rights solely as a result of the reservation of any shares of common stock for issuance upon conversion of the Convertible Securities or for issuance of additional shares of common stock pursuant to certain other features of the Convertible Securities, but will experience such dilution to the extent additional shares of common stock are issued in the future as described above.

The holder of the Series C Preferred Stock own a large portion of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities, and the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock and Convertible Notes each have the right to nominate one member for election to the Company’s Board. As a result, these holders may influence the composition of the Board and future actions taken by the Board.

The holder of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock are entitled to vote upon all matters upon which holders of the Company’s common stock have the right to vote and is entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of full shares of common stock into which such shares of Series C Preferred Stock could be converted at the then applicable conversion rate.

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Assuming the issuance of all shares of Series C Preferred Stock under contract to be issued, the holder of the Series C Preferred Stock would hold approximately 11% of the voting power of the Company on an as-converted basis. As a result, this holder may have the ability to influence future actions by the Company requiring shareholder approval.

The holder of the Series C Preferred Stock also has the right to nominate one member for election to the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”).  This nomination right expires upon the earlier to occur of the third anniversary of the initial issuance of the Series C Preferred Stock or the holder ceasing to directly or indirectly hold at least a majority of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock purchased or the common stock received upon the conversion of such shares, and is exclusive to the initial holder and does not transfer with the Series C Preferred Stock.

Also, an affiliate of the Term Loan Lenders has the right to nominate one member for election to the Board until the third anniversary of the initial issuance of the Term Loans or until the Term Loan Lenders cease to hold at least 50% of the original principal amount of the Term Loans and commitments under the Credit Agreement, whichever is earlier.  Until the Term Loan Lenders cease to hold at least 50% of the original principal amount of the Term Loans and commitments under the Credit Agreement, at any time that the director nominated by the affiliate of the Term Loan Lenders is not serving on the Board, such affiliate will have the right to designate a non-voting observer to the Board.

Also, if dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock are in arrears for six or more consecutive or non-consecutive dividend periods, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to nominate one director at the next annual shareholder meeting and all subsequent shareholder meetings until all accumulated dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock have been paid or set aside. As a result, the presence of directors on the Board nominated by the current holder of Series C Preferred Stock or an affiliate of the Term Loan Lenders or nominated in the future by the holders of Series B Preferred Stock would enable such holders and lenders to influence the composition of the Board and, in turn, potentially influence and impact future actions taken by the Board.

The Company has registered, and has a duty to register, the resale of a large portion of its outstanding securities.  The resale of the Company’s common stock, or the perception that such resale may occur, may adversely affect the price of its common stock.

In compliance with a Registration Rights Agreement to which the Company is a party, it has registered the resale of an aggregate of approximately 16.5 million shares of outstanding common stock.  The Company is also a party to Registration Rights Agreements pursuant to which it is obligated to register for resale the approximately 22 million shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Securities.  The resale of a substantial number of shares of common stock in the public market, or the perception that such resale might occur, could cause the market price of the Company’s common stock to decline. Under the terms of the Registration Rights Agreements to which the Company is subject, certain of the counterparties to such Registration Rights Agreements can, in certain circumstances, require the Company to participate in an underwritten public offering of the registered securities. Any shares sold in a registered resale will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. While the Company cannot predict the size of future resales or distributions of its common stock, if there is a perception that such resales or distributions could occur, or if the holders of the Company’s securities registered for resale sell a large number of the registered securities, the market price for the Company’s common stock could be adversely affected.

The resale of a significant portion of the Company’s securities or certain accumulations or transfers of the Company’s securities could result in a change of control of the Company and the loss of favorable tax attributes.

Holders of the Convertible Securities and holders of large blocks of the Company’s common stock collectively have a significant influence over matters presented to the Company’s shareholders for approval, including election of members to the Board and change of control transactions. In addition, the holders of such securities collectively would be able to cause a significant change in the ownership of the Company by selling a sufficient portion of the Company’s securities held by them.  If such a transaction, in combination with other transactions in securities of the Company which have already occurred or future issuances of securities by the Company, were to result in an “ownership change” as determined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, then the Company’s ability to offset taxable income with tax attributes generated prior to the ownership change date could be limited, possibly substantially.  Certain accumulations or transfers of the Company’s outstanding securities not involving these holders, could also cause such an “ownership change”.  For more information on the Company’s tax attributes refer to Note 18, “Income Taxes”.  The interests of the holders of the Convertible Securities and holders of large blocks of the Company’s common stock may not always coincide with the interests of the other holders of our common stock.

The Company’s stock price has been and may continue to be volatile.

The market price of the Company’s common stock has fluctuated substantially, experienced extreme volatility in the context of the DFC Announcement and may continue to fluctuate significantly. Future announcements or disclosures concerning the Company, its strategic initiatives (including the potential DFC Loan and any announcement concerning any initiatives concerning pharmaceuticals), its sales and profitability, quarterly variations in actual or anticipated operating results or comparable sales, any failure to meet analysts’ expectations, sales of large blocks of its common stock and developments concerning the investigations, lawsuits and claims relating to the DFC Announcement, among other factors, could cause the market price of its common stock to fluctuate substantially.

ITEM 1B.UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 2.PROPERTIES

Kodak's worldwide headquarters is located in Rochester, New York.

Kodak owns 11 million square feet and leases, as a lessee, approximately 4 million square feet of space that includes administrative, research and development, manufacturing and marketing facilities in several worldwide locations.  Out of the owned space, Kodak leases out approximately 1 million square feet to third party tenants.  The leases are for various periods and are generally renewable.

Kodak’s principal manufacturing facilities, by segment, are listed below.  Properties in a location may be shared by all segments operating in that location.

Regional distribution centers are located in various places within and outside of the United States.  

Research and development is headquartered at the Kodak Research Laboratories which is part of the Eastman Business Park in Rochester, New York, where Kodak conducts research and files patent applications with fundamental inventions.  Other U.S. research and development groups are located in Dayton, Ohio and Columbus, Georgia.  Outside the U.S., research and development groups are located in Canada, Israel, Germany, Japan and China.  The research and development groups work in close cooperation with manufacturing units and marketing organizations to develop new products and applications to serve both existing and new markets.

Kodak has excess capacity in some locations.  Kodak is pursuing monetizing its excess capacity by selling or leasing the associated properties.

On August 13, 2020 Tiandong Tang commenced a class action lawsuit against the Company, its Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer in Federal District Court in the District of New Jersey, and on August 26, 2020 Jimmie A. McAdams and Judy P. McAdams commenced a class action lawsuit against the Company and its Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer in Federal District Court in the Southern District of New York (collectively, the “Securities Class Actions”).  The Securities Class Actions seek damages and other relief based on alleged violations of federal securities laws in the context of the DFC Announcement of the potential DFC Loan and DFC Pharmaceutical Project discussed under Item 1A. Risk Factors above.  Since the filing of the Securities Class Actions, procedural activities have been ongoing relating to the determination of venue and lead plaintiff.  The Company intends to vigorously defend itself against the Securities Class Actions.

In addition to the Securities Class Actions, on December 29, 2020 Robert Garfield commenced a class action lawsuit against the Company and each of the members of its Board of Directors in the Superior Court of Mercer County, New Jersey seeking equitable relief and damages in favor of the Company based on alleged breaches of fiduciary duty by the Company’s Board of Directors associated with alleged false and misleading proxy statement disclosure (the “Fiduciary Class Action”).  The Company has also received three requests under New Jersey law demanding, among other things, that the Company take certain actions in response to alleged breaches of fiduciary duty relating to option grants and securities transactions in the context of the DFC Announcement and alleged proxy statement disclosure deficiencies.  The Company has responded to and engaged in discussions concerning these requests, and its response and discussions may serve as the basis for the requestors to bring shareholder derivative lawsuits (any such lawsuits, collectively with the Fiduciary Class Action, the “Fiduciary Matters”).  The Company intends to vigorously defend the Fiduciary Matters.

The DFC Announcement has also prompted investigations by several congressional committees, the SEC and the New York Attorney General’s office.  The Company is cooperating in those investigations.

Kodak’s Brazilian operations are involved in various litigation matters and have received or been the subject of numerous governmental assessments related to indirect and other taxes in various stages of litigation, as well as civil litigation and disputes associated with former employees and contract labor.  

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The tax matters, which comprise the majority of the litigation matters, are primarily related to federal and state value-added taxes and income taxes.  Kodak’s Brazilian operations are disputing these matters and intend to vigorously defend their position.  Kodak routinely assesses these matters as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability in its Brazilian operations and records its best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where it assesses the likelihood of loss as probable.  As of December 31, 2020, Kodak’s Brazilian operations maintained accruals of approximately $3 million for claims aggregating approximately $117 million inclusive of interest and penalties where appropriate.  In connection with assessments and litigation in Brazil, local regulations may require Kodak’s Brazilian operations to post security for a portion of the amounts in dispute.  Generally, any encumbrances of the Brazilian assets would be removed to the extent the matter is resolved in Kodak’s favor.

Kodak is involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations, remediations and proceedings, including, from time to time, commercial, customs, employment, environmental, tort and health and safety matters, which are being handled and defended in the ordinary course of business.

Kodak is also subject, from time to time, to various assertions, claims, proceedings and requests for indemnification concerning intellectual property, including patent infringement suits involving technologies that are incorporated in a broad spectrum of Kodak’s products. These matters are in various stages of investigation and litigation and are being vigorously defended. Based on information currently available, Kodak does not believe that it is probable that the outcomes in any of these matters, individually or collectively, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and judgments could be rendered or settlements entered that could adversely affect Kodak’s operating results or cash flows in a particular period.  Kodak routinely assesses all of its litigation and threatened litigation as to the probability of ultimately incurring a liability and records its best estimate of the ultimate loss in situations where it assesses the likelihood of loss as probable.

None.

INFORMATION ABOUT ITS EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Pursuant to General Instructions G (3) of Form 10-K, the following list is included as an unnumbered item in Part I of this report in lieu of being included in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

The executive officers' biographies follow:

James V. Continenza

James V. Continenza leads the transformation of Kodak as Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.  He was appointed Executive Chairman by the Board of Directors on February 20, 2019 and was appointed Chief Executive Officer by the Board of Directors on July 27, 2020.  Continenza joined the Board of Directors of Kodak in April 2013 and became Chairman of the Board in September 2013.  

Continenza brings a proven track record of guiding leading technology companies through transformations. Since September 2012, Continenza has served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Vivial Inc., a privately held marketing technology and communications company. He has also held leadership roles at STi Prepaid, LLC, a telecommunications company; Anchor Glass Container Corp., a leading manufacturer of glass containers; Teligent, Inc., a provider of communications services including voice, data, and internet access; Lucent Technologies Product Finance, a global leader in telecom equipment; and AT&T.

In addition to his management experience, Continenza currently serves on the board of Cenveo Corporation, an industry leader in transformative publishing solutions.  He has also served on the boards of Datasite LLC (formerly known as Merrill Corp.), NII Holdings, Inc., Tembec, Inc. and Neff Corporation.  He also serves or has served on the boards of a number of private companies.  

David E. Bullwinkle

Dave Bullwinkle is the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Kodak. The Board of Directors elected Bullwinkle to this position effective July 2016. Effective November 6,2018, Bullwinkle is President of the Eastman Business Park Division. Bullwinkle is responsible for advancing the growth strategy for Eastman Business Park and leading Kodak's worldwide finance, corporate development, internal audit and purchasing teams. Bullwinkle reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

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Bullwinkle joined Kodak in 2004 and has worked in several financial management roles at the company including Worldwide BU Controller, Assistant Corporate Controller and External Reporting Manager. He served as the Director of Corporate Financial Planning and Analysis and Vice President, Finance at Kodak from November 2010 to June 2016, and Director of Investor Relations from August 2013 to June 2016.

Prior to joining Kodak, Bullwinkle worked as the Manager of Financial Reporting at Birds Eye Foods, Inc. and previously at PricewaterhouseCoopers from 1996 to 2002 in various roles including serving as an Assurance Manager.

Bullwinkle has an MBA from St. John Fisher College and Bachelor of Science in Accounting degree from SUNY Geneseo. Bullwinkle is also a Certified Public Accountant in the State of New York.

Roger W. Byrd

Roger Byrd was appointed General Counsel, Secretary and Senior Vice President of Kodak in January 2019. He is responsible for leading the company's global legal function and for providing legal guidance to senior leadership and the Board of Directors. He also oversees the corporate development function. Byrd reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

Byrd joined Kodak in 2015 as Assistant General Counsel and Vice President, Legal Department and while at Kodak has focused on M&A and financing transactions, joint ventures, and other strategic initiatives.  Byrd has also been active in providing credit agreement compliance, securities reporting and corporate governance support to the Company. The Board of Directors elected him to Senior Vice President and Secretary in January 2019.

Prior to joining Kodak, Byrd was a Partner at Nixon Peabody LLP.  During his 23-year career at Nixon Peabody, he represented a broad range of clients in connection with a variety of M&A, financing and other corporate transactions. Byrd also served as General Counsel at Choice One Communications, Inc. from 2005 – 2006, a competitive local exchange carrier.

Byrd received a B.S. degree in accounting from Bob Jones University and a J.D. from Duke University School of Law.

John O’Grady

Effective January 2020, John O’Grady is Senior Vice President of Print, with senior responsibilities relating to the Traditional Printing segment.  He reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.

From April 24, 2018 to January 2020, O'Grady was President, Print Systems Division, which served graphic arts and commercial print customers with printing plates, computer to plate imaging solutions, electrophotographic printing solutions, OEM toner, and equipment services. From December 1, 2017 to April 24, 2018, O'Grady was President of Consumer Imaging Division. In this role, he was responsible for motion picture and commercial films, synthetic chemicals, and consumer products, including products from Kodak brand licensees. From January 2016 to December 2017, O'Grady was General Manager, Worldwide Sales, Print Systems Division, responsible for managing the sales, service and regional marketing for the Print Systems Division on a worldwide basis in addition to the go-to­market back office operations for Kodak. From January 2015 to December 2015, O'Grady was Managing Director of the Europe, United States and Canada, Australia and New Zealand (EUCAN) Region. From December 2010 to December 2014, he was Managing Director, U.S. & Canada Region. From December 2008 to December 2010, O'Grady was Regional Managing Director, Europe, Africa and Middle East Region (EAMER) and Chairman Eastman Kodak Sàrl, and from May 2007 to December 2008, he was Managing Director, EAMER, Consumer Businesses. O’Grady has served as a corporate vice president since March 2007, including as a senior vice president from August 2016 through February 2020.  

O'Grady joined Kodak in 1997 and has held key business development and regional management positions in Kodak's digital imaging businesses.

Prior to joining Kodak, O'Grady had a 12-year career at Verbatim.

O'Grady graduated from the University of Limerick in Ireland with a B.S. degree in Electronics.

Eric H. Samuels

Eric Samuels was appointed Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer in July 2009.  Samuels previously served as the Company’s Assistant Corporate Controller and brings to his position more than 20 years of leadership experience in corporate finance and public accounting. He joined Kodak in 2004 as Director, Accounting Research and Policy. Samuels reports to Chief Financial Officer David Bullwinkle.

Prior to joining Kodak, Samuels had a 14-year career in public accounting during which he served as a senior manager at KPMG LLP's Department of Professional Practice (National Office) in New York City. Prior to joining KPMG in 1996, he worked in Ernst & Young's New York City office.

Samuels has a B.S. degree in business economics from the State University of New York College at Oneonta.  He is a Certified Public Accountant in New York and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

Terry R. Taber, PhD

Terry Taber has served as Kodak's Chief Technical Officer since January 2009. Effective January 2020, he is a Senior Vice President of Advanced Materials and Chemicals. He reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.  

From May 1, 2017 to January 2020, Taber was named President of the Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology Division which contained the research laboratories and included licensing as well as new business development activities related to Kodak's patents and proprietary technology, and focused on opportunities in smart material applications, printed electronics markets and 3D printing materials.

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From January 1, 2015 to May 1, 2017, Taber was named President of the Intellectual Property Solutions Division. From January 2007 to December 2008 he was the Chief Operating Officer of Kodak's Image Sensor Solutions ("ISS") business, a leading developer of advanced CCD and CMOS sensors serving imaging and industrial markets, and prior to Taber’s role with ISS, he held a series of senior positions in Kodak's research and development and product organizations. Taber has served as a corporate vice president since December 2008, including as a senior vice president from December 2010 through February 2020.  

During his more than 40 years at Kodak, Taber has been involved in new materials research, product development and commercialization, manufacturing, and executive positions in R&D and business management.

Taber's early responsibilities included research on new synthetic materials, an area in which he holds several patents, program manager for several film products, worldwide consumer film business product manager, Associate Director of R&D and director of Materials & Media R&D.

Taber received a B.S. degree in Chemistry from Purdue University and a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the California Institute of Technology. He also received an M.S. in General Management from MIT as a Kodak Sloan Fellow. In past board service, he was a founding Board Member of the Innovation & Material Sciences Institute and served on the Executive Advisory Board of FIRST Rochester (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology). Taber currently serves on the George Eastman Museum Board, effective June 2018. He also serves on the Executive Committee of the Greater Rochester Chamber of Commerce and on the Board of Trustees for Roberts Wesleyan College and Northeastern Seminary.

Randy D. Vandagriff

Effective January 2020, Randy D. Vandagriff is Senior Vice President of Print, with senior responsibilities relating to the Digital Print segment. He reports to Executive Chairman Jim Continenza.  

From May 1, 2017 to January 2020 Vandagriff was President, Enterprise Inkjet Systems Division, responsible for delivering commercial inkjet technology, printers and solutions to the market. Vandagriff has spent his 37-year career innovating inkjet technology for the printing market. From January 2004 to August 2012, Vandagriff was Vice President, Research and Development for Kodak Versamark, responsible for leading a worldwide R&D organization responsible for developing four generations of inkjet technologies and delivering industry-leading performance, including Kodak Stream and Ultrastream inkjet technologies.  From January 2015 to May 2017, Vandagriff led the Kodak Creo Server business located in Tel Aviv, Israel.  He has served as a corporate vice president since May 2017.

In addition to his strong product development capabilities, Vandagriff has traveled internationally, working with key Kodak customers to successfully implement commercial inkjet into their production processes. His respected knowledge, broad background, and deep industry network has contributed to making Kodak the world's leader in high volume variable printing solutions.  

Vandagriff holds an MBA degree from the University of Phoenix and a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Wright State University.

PART II

The Company’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “KODK”.

There were 2,082 shareholders of record of common stock on December 31, 2020.

Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is included in Item 12. “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information.”

DIVIDEND INFORMATION

No dividends on common stock were declared or paid during 2020 or 2019.

Dividends for common shareholders may be restricted under Kodak’s Term Loan Credit Agreement, ABL Credit Agreement, the Series B Preferred Stock and the Series C Preferred Stock.

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ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES DURING THE QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020

There were no issuer purchases of equity securities with an effective date in the quarter ended December 31, 2020.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Kodak is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Kodak for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.  All references to Notes relate to Notes to the Financial Statements in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SAFE HARBOR PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This report on Form 10-K includes "forward–looking statements" as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Forward–looking statements include statements concerning Kodak’s plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenue or performance, capital expenditures, liquidity, investments, financing needs and business trends and other information that is not historical information. When used in this document, the words “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” “strategy,” “continues,” “goals,” “targets” or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “should,” “could,” or “may,” and similar expressions, as well as statements that do not relate strictly to historical or current facts, are intended to identify forward–looking statements. All forward–looking statements, including management’s examination of historical operating trends and data, are based upon Kodak’s expectations and various assumptions. Future events or results may differ from those anticipated or expressed in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include, among others, the risks and uncertainties described in more detail in this report on Form 10–K under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors,” “Legal Proceedings” and/or “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and in other filings the Company makes with the SEC from time to time, as well as the following:

There may be other factors that may cause Kodak’s actual results to differ materially from the forward–looking statements. All forward–looking statements attributable to Kodak or persons acting on its behalf apply only as of the date of this report on Form 10-K and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this document. Kodak undertakes no obligation to update or revise forward–looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Revenue Recognition

Kodak's revenue transactions include sales of products (such as components and consumables for use in Kodak, and other manufacturers’ equipment, specialty materials and film-based products), equipment, software, services, integrated solutions, and intellectual property and brand licensing.   Complex arrangements with nonstandard terms and conditions may require significant contract interpretation to determine the appropriate accounting, including the allocation of transaction price to the various performance obligations and determination of the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation.  For equipment sales, revenue recognition may depend on completion of installation based on the type of equipment, level of customer specific customization and other contractual terms.  In instances in which the agreement with the customer contains a customer acceptance clause, revenue is deferred until customer acceptance is obtained, provided the customer acceptance clause is considered to be substantive.

At the time revenue is recognized, Kodak also records reductions to revenue for customer incentive programs.  Such incentive programs include cash and volume discounts and promotional allowances.  For those incentives that require the estimation of sales volumes or redemption rates, such as for volume rebates, Kodak uses historical experience and both internal and customer data to estimate the sales incentive at the time revenue is recognized.  In the event that the actual results of these items differ from the estimates, adjustments to the sales incentive accruals are recorded.  Future market conditions and product transitions may require Kodak to take actions to increase customer incentive offers, possibly resulting in an incremental reduction of revenue at the time the incentive is offered.

Valuation and Useful Lives of Long-Lived Assets, Including Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Kodak performs a test for goodwill impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its’ carrying amount.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at a level of reporting referred to as a reporting unit, which is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (a component) if the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by segment management.

As a result of the change in segments that became effective as of January 1, 2020, Kodak’s goodwill reporting units changed. The Digital Printing segment has three goodwill reporting units: Electrophotographic Printing Solutions, Prosper and Versamark, and Software. The Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment has two goodwill reporting units: Motion Picture and Industrial Films and Chemicals, and Advanced Materials and Functional Printing. The Traditional Printing segment, Brand segment and Eastman Business Park segment each have one goodwill reporting unit.

As of December 31, 2019, the goodwill balance of $12 million under the prior year segment reporting structure was comprised of $6 million for the Brand, Film and Imaging segment and $6 million for the Kodak Software segment, which had only one reporting unit (Software).  The goodwill in the Brand, Film and Imaging segment was reported in the Consumer Products reporting unit.

The goodwill previously reported in the Consumer Products goodwill reporting unit was transferred to the Brand goodwill reporting unit using a relative fair value allocation to affected reporting units.  Goodwill previously reported in the Software reporting unit was transferred to the Digital Printing segment and remains in its own reporting unit. As of December 31, 2020, goodwill is recorded in the Brand and Software reporting units.  

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions.  Kodak estimates the fair value of its reporting units using the guideline public company method and discounted cash flow method.  To estimate fair value utilizing the guideline public company method, Kodak applies valuation multiples, derived from the operating data of publicly-traded benchmark companies, to the same operating data of the reporting units.   The valuation multiples are based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”).  To estimate fair value utilizing the discounted cash flow method, Kodak establishes an estimate of future cash flows for each reporting unit and discounts those estimated future cash flows to present value. 

Kodak performed a quantitative test of impairment for all reporting units for its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2020.  Kodak utilized the discounted cash flow method and guideline public company method to estimate the fair value of reporting units with goodwill.  For these reporting units, Kodak selected equal weighting of the guideline public company method and the discounted cash flow method as the valuation approaches produced comparable ranges of fair value.  Fair values for the other reporting units were estimated using the discounted cash flow method only.

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To estimate fair value utilizing the discounted cash flow method, Kodak established an estimate of future cash flows for the period ranging from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2025 and discounted the estimated future cash flows to present value. The expected cash flows were derived from earnings forecasts and assumptions regarding growth and margin projections, as applicable. The discount rates are estimated based on an after-tax weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) for each reporting unit reflecting the rate of return that would be expected by a market participant.  The WACC also takes into consideration a company specific risk premium for each reporting unit reflecting the risk associated with the overall uncertainty of the financial projections.  Discount rates of 14% to 30% were utilized in the valuation based on Kodak’s best estimates of the after-tax WACC of each reporting unit.

A terminal value was included for all reporting units at the end of the cash flow projection period to reflect the remaining value that the reporting unit is expected to generate.  The terminal value was calculated using either the constant growth method (“CGM”) based on the cash flows of the final year of the discrete period or the H-model, which assumes the growth during the terminal period starts at a higher rate and declines in a linear manner over a specified transition period toward a stable growth rate.

Based upon the results of Kodak’s December 31, 2020 analysis, Kodak concluded that the fair value of the reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying values, therefore no impairment of goodwill was indicated.  Impairment of goodwill could occur in the future if a reporting unit’s fair value changes significantly, if Kodak’s market capitalization significantly declines, if a reporting unit’s carrying value changes materially compared with changes in its fair values, or as a result of changes in operating segments or reporting units.

Kodak performed interim tests of impairment for goodwill as of June 30, 2020 due to the continued uncertainty regarding the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its operations, and as of March 31, 2020, due to the decline in market capitalization as of that date since the last goodwill impairment test (December 31, 2019) and the uncertainty regarding the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at that time.   Kodak utilized the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of all reporting units for both tests.  Kodak established an estimate of future cash flows for the period ranging from July 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024 for the June 30, 2020 interim test, and April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024 for the March 31, 2020 interim test.  The future cash flows were discounted to present value.  The expected cash flows were derived from earnings forecasts and assumptions regarding the timing and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on each reporting unit as of each applicable interim test date.  The discount rates are estimated based on an after-tax WACC for each reporting unit reflecting the rate of return that would be expected by a market participant. The WACC also takes into consideration a company specific risk premium for each reporting unit reflecting the risk associated with the overall uncertainty of the financial projections.  Discount rates of 16% to 55% were utilized in the June 30, 2020 valuation, and 21% to 55% for the March 31, 2020 valuation, both based on Kodak’s best estimates of the after-tax WACC of each reporting unit as of the applicable valuation date.

A terminal value was included for all reporting units at the end of the cash flow projection period to reflect the remaining value that the reporting unit is expected to generate. The terminal value was calculated using either the CGM based on the cash flows of the final year of the discrete period or the H-model, which assumes the growth during the terminal period starts at a higher rate and declines in a linear manner over a specified transition period toward a stable growth rate.

Based upon the results of Kodak’s June 30, 2020 and March 31, 2020 analyses, no impairment of goodwill was indicated.  No interim impairment test for goodwill was performed as of September 30, 2020.

The carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset related to the Kodak trade name is evaluated for potential impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired.  

Kodak performed its annual test of impairment for the Kodak trade name as of December 31, 2020.  The fair value of the Kodak trade name was valued using the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty method based on the following significant assumptions: (a) forecasted revenues ranging from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2025, including a terminal year with growth rates ranging from -4.5% to 2.5%; (b) an after-tax royalty rate of 0.4% of expected net sales determined with regard to comparable market transactions and profitability analysis; and (c) discount rates ranging from 16% to 30%, which were based on the after-tax WACC.

Based on the results of Kodak’s December 31, 2020 assessment, the fair value of the Kodak trade name exceeded its carrying value. Impairment of the Kodak trade name could occur in the future if expected revenues decline or if there are significant changes in the discount rates or royalty rates.  A one percent increase in the discount rate and a 10% miss in expected revenues would impact the fair value of the Kodak trade name by $3 million.

Kodak performed an interim impairment test of the Kodak trade name as of June 30, 2020 and March 31, 2020. The fair value of the Kodak trade name was valued using the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty method based on the following significant assumptions: (a) forecasted revenues ranging from July 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024 for the June 30, 2020 interim test, and April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024 for the March 31, 2020 interim test, both valuations included a terminal year with growth rates ranging from -3% to 2.5% (b) an after-tax royalty rate of 0.4% of expected net sales, and (c) discount rates ranging from 16% to 25% for the June 30, 2020 interim test, and 23% to 32% for the March 31, 2020 interim test. The discount rates are based on the after-tax WACC.

Based on the results of Kodak’s March 31, 2020 assessment, the carrying value of the Kodak trade name exceeded its fair value and Kodak recorded a pre-tax impairment charge of $3 million.  Based on the results of Kodak’s June 30, 2020 assessment, the fair value of the Kodak trade name exceeded its’ carrying value.  No interim impairment test for the Kodak tradename was deemed necessary as of September 30, 2020.  

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Long-lived assets other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable.  When evaluating long-lived assets for impairment, the carrying value of an asset group is compared to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows.  An impairment is indicated if the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset group.  The impairment is the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the long-lived asset group.  Kodak updated its estimate of undiscounted cash flows for each asset group as of June 30, 2020 and March 31, 2020 using a probability weighted approach in determining the likelihood of possible adverse impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic as of each applicable interim test date.  In addition, Kodak updated its estimate of undiscounted cash flows for each asset group as of December 31, 2020.  Based on the results of the impairment tests, no impairments were recorded.

The value of property, plant, and equipment is depreciated over its expected useful life in such a way as to allocate it as equitably as possible to the periods during which services are obtained from their use, which aims to distribute the value over the remaining estimated useful life of the unit in a systematic and rational manner.  An estimate of useful life not only considers the economic life of the asset, but also the remaining life of the asset to the entity.  Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets could occur in the future if expected future cash flows decline or if there are significant changes in the estimated useful life of the assets.

Series A Preferred Stock and Convertible Notes Embedded Conversion Features and Term Extension Derivatives

On November 15, 2016, the Company issued 2,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock no par value per share.  On May 24, 2019, the Company issued $100 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes.  The Company concluded that the Series A Preferred Stock and Convertible Notes are considered more akin to debt-type instruments and that the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded conversion features and term extension at the Company’s option (in the case of the Convertible Notes), except where the conversion price is increased to the liquidation preference in the case of the Series A Preferred Stock, were not considered clearly and closely related to the Series A Preferred Stock or the Convertible Notes.  Accordingly, these embedded features were bifurcated from the Series A Preferred Stock and Convertible Notes and separately accounted for on a combined basis at fair value as two single derivatives.  The Company allocated $43 million of the net Series A Preferred Stock proceeds to the Series A Preferred Stock derivative liability based on the aggregate fair value of the embedded conversion features on the date of issuance which reduced the original carrying value of the Series A Preferred Stock.  The Company allocated $14 million of the net Convertible Notes proceeds to the Convertible Notes derivative liability based on the aggregate fair value of the embedded features on the date of issuance which reduced the original carrying value of the Convertible Notes.  The derivatives are being accounted for at fair value with subsequent changes in the fair value being reported as part of Other charges, net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.  With the conversion of the Convertible Notes in the third quarter of 2020, the Convertible Notes derivative liability expired.  The fair value of the Convertible Notes derivative was a liability of $51 million at December 31, 2019 and was reported in Other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock derivative as of December 31, 2020 was a liability of $9 million which is reported in Other current liabilities and as of December 31, 2019 was a liability of $1 million which is included in Other long-term liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.  

The fair value of the embedded conversion features derivative is calculated using unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair measurements).  The value of the Optional Conversion associated with the Series A Preferred Stock is calculated using a binomial lattice model.  

The following table presents the key inputs in the determination of fair value for the Series A Preferred Stock embedded conversion features derivative:

The Fundamental Change and Reorganization Conversion values at issuance were calculated as the difference between the total value of the Series A Preferred Stock and the sum of the net present value of the cash flows if the Series A Preferred Stock is redeemed on its fifth anniversary and the values of the other embedded derivatives.  The Fundamental Change and Reorganization Conversion values reduce the value of the embedded conversion features derivative liability.  Other than events which alter the likelihood of a fundamental change or reorganization event, the value of the Fundamental Change and Reorganization Conversion reflects the value as of the issuance date, amortized for the passage of time.

Taxes

Kodak recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of operating losses, credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of Kodak’s assets and liabilities.

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Kodak records a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.  Kodak has considered forecasted earnings, future taxable income, the geographical mix of earnings in the jurisdictions in which Kodak operates and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in determining the need for these valuation allowances.  As of December 31, 2020, Kodak has net deferred tax assets before valuation allowances of approximately $1,081 million and a valuation allowance related to those net deferred tax assets of approximately $1,112 million, resulting in net deferred tax liabilities of approximately $31 million.

Kodak considers both positive and negative evidence, in determining whether a valuation allowance is needed by territory, including, but not limited to, whether particular entities are in three-year cumulative income positions. As of March 31, 2020, Kodak determined that it was more likely than not that deferred tax assets outside the U.S. which were not offset with valuation allowances as of March 31, 2020 would not be realized due to reductions in estimates of future profitability as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in locations outside the U.S.  Accordingly, Kodak recorded a provision of $167 million associated with the establishment of a valuation allowance on those deferred tax assets.  During 2019, Kodak determined that it was more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax assets outside the U.S. would not be realized due to reduced sales volumes and profits in locations outside the U.S. and accordingly recorded a provision of $19 million associated with the establishment of a valuation allowance on those deferred tax assets.  

Kodak may be able to make the determination that the realization of deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions is more likely than not in the future.  Kodak will continue to evaluate whether valuation allowances are needed, at a jurisdictional level, in future reporting periods. It is possible that sufficient positive evidence, including sustained profitability, may become available in future periods with respect to one or more jurisdictions to reach a conclusion that all or part of the valuation allowance with respect to such jurisdictions could be reversed.

Utilization of net operating losses (“NOL”) and tax credits may be subject to limitations in the event of significant changes in stock ownership of the Company in the future. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, imposes annual limitations on the utilization of NOL carryforwards, other tax carryforwards, and certain built-in losses as defined under that Section, upon an ownership change. In general terms, an ownership change may result from transactions that increase the aggregate ownership of five percent stockholders in Kodak’s stock by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year testing period.  The Company has a relatively high concentration of stockholders that hold 5% or more of the outstanding stock.  Future transactions, when combined with reported transactions within the testing period could aggregate an ownership change during the testing period in excess of 50 percentage points.  A Section 382 ownership change would significantly impair Kodak’s ability to utilize NOLs and tax credits in the U.S.  As of December 31, 2020, Kodak had available U.S. NOL carry-forwards for income tax purposes of approximately $1,309 million and unused foreign tax credits of $358 million.  Any impairment of these tax attributes would be fully offset by a corresponding decrease in Kodak’s U.S. valuation allowance, which would result in no net tax provision.

Kodak has deferred tax liabilities of $22 million and $19 million for potential taxes on undistributed earnings, including foreign withholding taxes, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In general, the amount of tax expense or benefit from continuing operations is determined without regard to the tax effects of other categories of income or loss, such as Other comprehensive (loss) income.  However, an exception to this rule applies when there is a loss from continuing operations and income from items outside of continuing operations that must be considered.  This exception requires that income from discontinued operations, extraordinary items, and items charged or credited directly to other comprehensive income be considered in determining the amount of tax benefit that results from a loss in continuing operations.  This exception affects the allocation of the tax provision amongst categories of income.

Kodak operates within multiple taxing jurisdictions worldwide and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions.  These audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time for resolution.  Management’s ongoing assessments of the outcomes of these issues and related tax positions require judgment, and although management believes that adequate provisions have been made for such issues, there is the possibility that the ultimate resolution of such issues could have an adverse effect on the earnings of Kodak.  Conversely, if these issues are resolved favorably in the future, the related provisions would be reduced, thus having a positive impact on earnings.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Kodak’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit costs and obligations are estimated using several key assumptions.  These assumptions, which are reviewed at least annually by Kodak, include the discount rate, long-term expected rate of return on plan assets (“EROA”), salary growth, healthcare cost trend rate, mortality trends and other economic and demographic factors.  Actual results that differ from Kodak’s assumptions are recorded as unrecognized gains and losses and are amortized to earnings over the estimated future service period of the active participants in the plan or, if the plan is almost entirely inactive, the average remaining lifetime expectancy of inactive participants, to the extent such total net unrecognized gains and losses exceed 10% of the greater of the plan's projected benefit obligation or the calculated value of plan assets.  Significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in future assumptions would affect Kodak’s pension and other postretirement benefit costs and obligations.

Asset and liability modeling studies are utilized by Kodak to adjust asset exposures and review a liability hedging program through the use of forward-looking correlation, risk and return estimates.

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Those forward-looking estimates of correlation, risk and return generated from the modeling studies are also used to estimate the EROA. The EROA is estimated utilizing a forward-looking building block model factoring in the expected risk of each asset category, return and correlation over a five to seven-year horizon, and weighting the exposures by the current asset allocation.

Historical inputs are utilized in the forecasting model to frame the current market environment with adjustments made based on the forward-looking view.  Kodak aggregates investments into major asset categories based on the underlying benchmark of the strategy.  Kodak’s asset categories include broadly diversified exposure to U.S. and non-U.S. equities, U.S. and non-U.S. government and corporate bonds, inflation-linked bonds, commodities and absolute return strategies.  Each allocation to these major asset categories is determined within the overall asset allocation to accomplish unique objectives, including enhancing portfolio return, providing portfolio diversification, or hedging plan liabilities.

The EROA, once set, is applied to the calculated value of plan assets in the determination of the expected return component of Kodak’s pension expense.  Kodak uses a calculated value of plan assets, which recognizes gains and losses in the fair value of assets over a four-year period, to calculate expected return on assets.   At December 31, 2020, the calculated value of the assets of Kodak’s major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was approximately $4.1 billion and the fair value of the assets of Kodak’s major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was approximately $4.4 billion.  Asset gains and losses that are not yet reflected in the calculated value of plan assets are not included in amortization of unrecognized gains and losses.

Kodak reviews its EROA assumption annually.  To facilitate this review, every three years, or when market conditions change materially, Kodak’s larger plans will undertake asset allocation or asset and liability modeling studies.  The weighted average EROA used to determine the 2020 net pension expense for major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was 6.00% and 3.27%, respectively.

Generally, Kodak bases the discount rate assumption for its significant plans on high quality corporate bond yields in the respective countries as of the measurement date.  Specifically, for its U.S., Canadian, Euro-zone and UK plans, Kodak determines a discount rate using a cash flow model to incorporate the expected timing of benefit payments and an AA-rated corporate bond yield curve.  For Kodak's U.S. plans, the Citigroup Above Median Pension Discount Curve is used.  For Kodak’s other non-U.S. plans, discount rates are determined by comparison to published local high-quality bond yields or indices considering estimated plan duration and removing any outlying bonds, as warranted.

Kodak uses the spot yield curve approach to estimate the service and interest costs by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used to determine the benefit obligations to relevant projected cash outflows.

The salary growth assumptions are determined based on Kodak’s long-term actual experience and future and near-term outlook.  The healthcare cost trend rate assumptions are based on historical cost and payment data, the near-term outlook and an assessment of the likely long-term trends.

The following table illustrates the sensitivity to a change to certain key assumptions used in the calculation of expense for the year ending December 31, 2021 and the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) at December 31, 2020 for Kodak's major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:

Total pension income from continuing operations before special termination benefits, curtailments and settlements for the major defined benefit pension plan in the U.S. was $91 million for 2020 and is expected to be approximately $86 million in 2021.  Pension income from continuing operations before special termination benefits, curtailments and settlements for the major non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was less than $1 million for 2020 and is projected to be $3 million of expense in 2021.

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Workers’ Compensation

Kodak self-insures and participates in high-deductible insurance programs with retention and per occurrence deductible levels for claims related to workers’ compensation.  The estimated liability for workers’ compensation is based on actuarially estimated, discounted cost of claims, including claims incurred but not reported.  Historical loss development factors are utilized to project the future development of incurred losses, and the amounts are adjusted based on actual claim experience, settlements, claim development trends, changes in state regulations and judicial interpretations.

A 25 basis-point change in the discount rate would have had a $2 million impact on the expense and net liability as of December 31, 2020.

Stock Compensation

Officers, directors and employees of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries are eligible to receive awards.  The principal awards issued are non-qualified stock options and restricted stock units.  Stock options are at exercise prices equal to or greater than the closing price of Kodak’s stock on the date of grant and expire seven years after the grant date.  Stock-based compensation awards granted under Kodak’s stock incentive plan are generally subject to a three-year vesting period from the date of grant, or a later date as determined by the Executive Compensation Committee.  

Compensation expense is recognized over the service or performance period for each separately vesting tranche of the award and is adjusted for actual forfeitures before vesting.  Kodak assesses the likelihood that performance-based shares will be earned based on the probability of meeting the performance criteria.  For those performance-based awards that are deemed probable of achievement, expense is recorded, and for those awards that are deemed not probable of achievement, no expense is recorded. Kodak assesses the probability of achievement each quarter.

The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date.  

Kodak generally utilizes the Black-Scholes option valuation model to estimate the fair value of stock options.  The expected term of options granted is the period of time the options are expected to be outstanding and is calculated using a simplified method based on the option’s vesting period and original contractual term.  The historical volatility of the Company’s stock is used to estimate expected volatility. The risk-free rate is based on the yield on U.S. Treasury notes with a term equal to the option’s expected term.

Given the volatility of the Company’s stock price in the third quarter of 2020, the Company utilized a lattice-based valuation model to value time-based vesting awards granted July 27, 2020 and a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model to value options granted on July 27, 2020 which vested upon conversion of the Convertible Notes.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market.  Carrying values of excess and obsolete inventories are reduced to net realizable value.  Judgment is required to assess the ultimate demand for and realizable value of inventory.  The analysis of inventory carrying values considers several factors including length of time inventory is on hand, historical sales, product shelf life, product life cycle, product category, and product obsolescence.

Accounts Receivable Reserves

Accounts receivable reserves are based on historical collections experience as well as reserves for specific receivables deemed to be at risk for collection.  The collectability of customer receivables is reviewed on an ongoing basis considering past due invoices and the current creditworthiness of each customer.  Judgment is required in assessing the ultimate realization of accounts receivables.

New Accounting Pronouncements

A description of new accounting pronouncements is contained in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

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OVERVIEW

Revenue declined $213 million (17%) from 2019 to 2020.  Currency impacted revenue favorably in 2020 compared to 2019 ($9 million).

Segments within the print industry and the film industry face competition from digital substitution.  Kodak’s strategy is to:

A discussion of opportunities and challenges related to Kodak’s strategy follows:

None of the Traditional Printing segment’s manufacturing facilities were ordered to close by governmental authorities.  Many of the segment’s customers around the globe continued to operate, but at decreased volumes.  Therefore, demand for the segment’s products declined.  The Traditional Printing segment may also be impacted by supply chain disruptions and travel restrictions.  With the decline in customer demand, manufacturing volumes were reduced.  The duration and extent of demand declines and recovery is unclear.  Manufacturing employees were temporarily furloughed, as necessary, under reduced production plans.  The segment utilized furloughs and pay-cuts for non-manufacturing employees in a way which allowed continued operation and product development.

None of the Digital Printing segment’s manufacturing facilities were ordered to close by governmental authorities.  Many of the segment’s customers around the globe continued to operate, but at decreased volumes.  Therefore, demand for the segment’s products declined.  The Digital Printing segment may also be impacted by supply chain disruptions and travel restrictions.  With the decline in customer demand, manufacturing volumes were reduced.

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The duration and extent of demand declines and recovery is unclear.  Manufacturing employees were temporarily furloughed, as necessary, under reduced production plans.  The segment utilized furloughs and pay-cuts for non-manufacturing employees in a way which allowed continued operation and product development.

Advanced Materials and Chemicals has experienced adverse impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, most notably in Motion Picture where the industry has been heavily impacted and productions in affected regions had been suspended.  None of the Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment’s manufacturing facilities were ordered to close by governmental authorities.  However, each of the segment’s product lines was impacted by lowered demand and may also be impacted by supply chain disruptions and travel restrictions.  The duration and extent of demand declines and recovery is unclear.  Manufacturing volumes were reduced due to the customer demand decline in the near-term.  Manufacturing employees were temporarily furloughed, as necessary, under reduced production plans.

DETAILED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Revenues from Continuing Operations by Reportable Segment

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Segment Operational EBITDA and Consolidated Loss from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes

Kodak increased employee benefit reserves by approximately $4 million in 2020 reflecting an increase in workers’ compensation reserves ($7 million) partially offset by a decrease in postemployment benefit reserves ($3 million).  In 2019 workers’ compensation reserves increased by approximately $3 million.  The increase in reserves in 2020 impacted gross profit and SG&A each by approximately $2 million. The increase in reserves in 2019 impacted gross profit by approximately $2 million and SG&A by approximately $1 million.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2020, revenues decreased by approximately $213 million compared with the same period in 2019.  Volume declines and pricing and product mix within Traditional Printing ($112 million and $16 million, respectively) and volume declines in Digital Printing and Advanced Materials and Chemicals ($58 million and $42 million, respectively) drove the revenue declines. The revenue declines were offset by improved pricing and product mix in Advanced Materials and Chemicals ($14 million) and favorable mix of products in Digital Printing ($4 million) and favorable foreign currency ($9 million). The prior year period also included intellectual property licensing revenue ($13 million) associated with the HuaGuang relationship entered into in September 2019. See segment discussions for additional details.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for 2020 decreased by approximately $47 million. The decrease reflected volume declines, unfavorable pricing and product mix as well as increased costs in Traditional Printing ($13 million, $16 million and $4 million, respectively), volume declines and increased costs in Advanced Materials and Chemicals (each $11 million), volume declines and unfavorable costs in Digital Printing ($5 million and $13 million, respectively) partially offset by favorable pricing and product mix in Advanced Materials and Chemicals ($14 million), favorable mix of products in Digital Printing ($4 million) and lower depreciation and amortization expenses ($17 million).  The prior year period also included intellectual property licensing revenue ($13 million) associated with the HuaGuang relationship entered into in September 2019.   See segment discussions for additional details.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Consolidated SG&A for 2020 decreased $39 million primarily due to lower investment in selling and marketing activities driven by cost reduction efforts ($48 million).  The temporary furloughs and pay cuts provided approximately $7 million of the $48 million reduction in 2020.  Temporary government assistance programs provided approximately $3 million. Additional savings were provided by headcount reductions. The savings provided by the lower investment in selling and marketing activities was partially offset by increased stock compensation expense ($10 million) as discussed in Note 23, Stock-Based Compensation and an increase of $2 million in consulting and project costs with the internal and external investigations that started in the third quarter of 2020.  The 2019 period also included $2 million of compensation related to the former CEO separation agreement while the 2020 period included increased bad debt expense primarily attributed to increased collection risk related to the COVID-19 pandemic ($3 million).

Research and Development Costs

Consolidated R&D expenses decreased $8 million in 2020 primarily due primarily due to cost reduction efforts.  

Restructuring Costs and Other

These costs, as well as the restructuring costs reported in Cost of revenues, are discussed under the "Restructuring Costs and Other" section in this MD&A.

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Other Operating (Income) Expense, Net

For details, refer to Note 16, “Other Operating (Income) Expense, Net.”

Other Charges, Net

The change in Other charges, net was primarily driven by the embedded conversion features derivative liability associated with the Convertible Notes.  Refer to Note 14, “Financial Instruments” and Note 17, “Other Charges, Net”.

Pension Income

For details, refer to Note 20, “Retirement Plans.”

Provision for Income Taxes

The Provision for income taxes in the year-to-date period was primarily driven by the $167 million provision associated with the establishment of a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets outside the U.S.  Refer to Note 18, “Income Taxes”.

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations of Kodak include the Flexographic Packaging segment.  Refer to Note 29, “Discontinued Operations” in the Notes to Financial Statements for additional information.

TRADITIONAL PRINTING SEGMENT

Revenues

Revenues

The decrease in Traditional Printing revenues of approximately $135 million primarily reflected volume and pricing declines ($97 million and $16 million, respectively) in Prepress Solutions consumables and volume declines in Prepress Solutions service ($6 million) and equipment ($10 million) offset by favorable pricing and product mix ($2 million) in Prepress equipment and favorable foreign currency ($6 million).  In addition, the prior year period included $13 million of intellectual property licensing revenue associated with the HuaGuang relationship.  The volume declines were primarily driven by COVID-19 pandemic related declines in customer demand.

Operational EBITDA

Traditional Printing Operational EBITDA declined approximately $27 million primarily due to volume and pricing declines ($11 million and $16 million, respectively) in Prepress Solutions consumables, volume declines in Prepress service ($3 million) and higher manufacturing costs driven by unfavorable cost absorption from the volume declines ($10 million) partially offset by lower SG&A expenses ($22 million) driven by headcount reductions, temporary furloughs and pay cuts as well as lower aluminum costs in the current year ($8 million).  In addition, the prior year period included $13 million of intellectual property licensing revenue associated with the HuaGuang relationship and $2 million of cost reductions due to retroactive exemptions from U.S. tariffs imposed on aluminum purchases in 2018.  The U.S tariffs were imposed on aluminum purchases in 2018 and were included as part of the cost of plates sold in 2018.

DIGITAL PRINTING SEGMENT

Revenues

The decrease in Digital Printing revenues of approximately $52 million primarily reflected volume declines in Electrophotographic Printing Solutions consumables and service ($27 million), Electrophotographic Printing Solutions equipment ($14 million), PROSPER consumables and service ($5 million), PROSPER systems ($3 million) and Software ($4 million) as well as product mix in PROSPER systems ($3 million), all of which were driven by the decline in customer demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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There were also volume declines in VERSAMARK service and consumables ($10 million) due to both declines in the installed base of VERSAMARK systems and the COVID 19 pandemic. The declines were partially offset by improved volume and favorable product mix in PROSPER components ($5 million and $3 million, respectively) and favorable product mix in Electrophotographic Printing Solutions equipment ($2 million) and well as favorable foreign currency ($2 million).

Operational EBITDA

The decrease in Digital Printing Operational EBITDA of $1 million was driven by higher manufacturing costs in Electrophotographic Printing Solutions ($14 million), primarily due to unfavorable cost absorption from the volume declines in Electrophotographic Printing Solutions consumables and service ($4 million).  There were also volume declines in Software ($4 million), VERSAMARK service and consumables ($3 million) and PROSPER consumables and service ($2 million) partially offset by improved volume and favorable product mix in PROSPER components ($3 million and $2 million, respectively), volume changes in Electrophotographic Printing Solutions equipment ($3 million), favorable costs in Software ($3 million), favorable product mix in VERSAMARK equipment ($2 million) and lower SG&A costs ($11 million) driven by headcount reductions, temporary furloughs and pay cuts.

ADVANCED MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS SEGMENT

Revenues

The decrease in Advanced Materials and Chemicals revenues of approximately $28 million is the result of volume declines in Motion Picture ($16 million) driven by productions halted as a result of the pandemic, Industrial Film and Chemicals ($11 million) primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impacts on its customers, and Consumer Inkjet Solutions ($7 million) driven by lower sales of ink to the existing installed base of printers.  Additionally, current year revenues for KSB declined ($5 million) primarily due to operations in Asia being impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the prior year period included revenues from Kodakit ($4 million) which ceased operations in January 2020.  Partially offsetting these impacts was improved pricing in Industrial Film and Chemicals ($13 million) driven by higher pricing in professional and consumer still photographic film and solvents.

Operational EBITDA

Advanced Materials and Chemicals Operational EBITDA improved approximately 11 million primarily due to favorable pricing ($13 million) in Industrial Film and Chemicals.  Also contributing to the improvement were lower selling and administrative expenses ($14 million) driven by headcount reductions, temporary furloughs and pay cuts as well as lower R&D costs ($5 million).  Partially offsetting were volume declines in Motion Picture ($5 million) and Consumer Inkjet Solutions ($4 million) as well as unfavorable cost impacts in Industrial Film and Chemicals ($8 million) and Motion Picture ($3 million) driven by unfavorable cost absorption.

RESTRUCTURING COSTS AND OTHER

2020

Restructuring actions taken in 2020 were initiated to reduce Kodak’s cost structure as part of its commitment to drive sustainable profitability and included various targeted reductions in manufacturing, service, sales and other administrative functions.

As a result of these actions, for the year ended December 31, 2020 Kodak recorded $17 million of charges which were reported as Restructuring costs and other in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Kodak made cash payments related to restructuring of approximately $15 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The restructuring actions implemented in 2020 are expected to generate future annual cash savings of approximately $24 million. These savings are expected to reduce future annual Cost of revenues and SG&A expenses by $9 million and $15 million, respectively.  Kodak expects the majority of the annual savings to be in effect by the end of 2021 as actions are completed.

2019

For the year ended December 31, 2019 Kodak recorded $16 million of charges which were reported as Restructuring costs and other in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Kodak’s products are sold and serviced in numerous countries across the globe with more than half of sales generated outside the U.S.  Current global economic conditions are highly volatile due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  The conversion of accounts receivable to cash is taking longer and collection risk has increased since before the pandemic.  The economic uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic is an additional complexity in Kodak’s plans to return to sustainable positive cash flow.  To mitigate the economic impacts of the pandemic Kodak employed temporary furloughs and pay reductions and adjusted manufacturing volumes to meet changing expectations around production requirements.

The Company is also seeking to take advantage of any available government incentives around the world in response to the COVID-19 pandemic such as employee related tax deferrals or holidays, wage subsidies and loan programs including those under the U.S. CARES Act, although the Company has not yet been able to take advantage of any loan programs and may not qualify for any loans under the programs created under the U.S. CARES Act.  Many of the available government incentives for which the Company qualifies are in the form of deferrals of payments that will be required to be paid in the future.

Cash Flow Activity

Operating Activities

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities declined $47 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared with the prior year primarily due to increased cash use for accounts payable and other liabilities, including the payment of $6 million of interest upon the conversion of the Convertible Notes, partially offset by higher reductions of accounts receivable in 2020 and lower cash operating losses.  Additionally, cash used in operations in 2019 benefitted from the allocation of $10 million of the proceeds from the divestiture of FPD as consideration for a brand license, the allocation of $13 million of the proceeds from entering the relationship with HuaGuang as consideration for an intellectual property license receipt and the receipt of a $15 million prepayment for transition services, products, and other services as a part of the divestiture of FPD.

Investing Activities

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities decreased $324 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the prior year due to proceeds from the sale of FPD in the prior year.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities improved $308 million in the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the prior year driven by the current year proceeds received from option exercises, the prior year repayment of the Company’s term credit agreement and the prior year payment of contingent consideration partially offset by the issuance of the Convertible Notes and the proceeds from the RED – Rochester borrowing and the current year payment of preferred stock dividends.

Sources of Liquidity

Available liquidity includes cash balances and the unused portion of the ABL Credit Agreement.  The amount of available liquidity is subject to fluctuations and includes cash balances held by various entities worldwide.  At December 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately $99 million and $72 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents were held within the U.S. and approximately $97 million and $161 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents were held outside the U.S.

Cash balances held outside of the U.S. are generally required to support local country operations, may have high tax costs or other limitations that delay the ability to repatriate, and therefore may not be readily available for transfer to other jurisdictions.  Kodak utilizes cash balances outside the U.S. to fund needs in the U.S. through the use of intercompany loans.  As of December 31, 2020 and 2019 outstanding intercompany loans to the U.S. were $449 million and $408 million, respectively, which includes short-term intercompany loans from Kodak’s international finance center of $150 million and $110 million.

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In China, where approximately $34 million and $89 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents were held as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there are limitations related to net asset balances that impact the ability to make cash available to other jurisdictions in the world.  On May 12, 2020, a Chinese subsidiary of Kodak transferred approximately $70 million to a U.S. subsidiary of Kodak in an inter-company transaction.

ABL Credit Agreement

On January 27, 2020 Kodak exercised its right under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “ABL Credit Agreement”) to permanently reduce lender commitments, reducing the commitments from $150 million to $120 million.  As a result, the minimum Excess Availability decreased to $15 million from the previous minimum of $18.75 million.  (Refer to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement section of Note 9, “Debt and Finance Leases”, for the definition of Excess Availability).

On March 27, 2020, the Company and the subsidiaries of the Company that are guarantors (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) entered into Amendment No. 3 to the ABL Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) with the Lenders and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative and collateral agent.  The Amendment decreased the available asset-based revolving loans (the “ABL Loans”) and letters of credit from an aggregate amount of up to $120 million to $110 million, subject to the Borrowing Base.

As a result of the additional reduction in lender commitments, the minimum Excess Availability decreased to $13.75 million from the previous amount of $15 million.

The changes provided by the Amendment to the Excess Availability and Equipment Availability combined with increases in Eligible Receivables and Eligible Inventory allowed the Company to decrease Eligible Cash by $13 million at the time of the Amendment without causing Excess Availability to fall below the minimum required.

The Amendment also changed Equipment Availability from (i) the lesser of 75% of Net Orderly Liquidation Value of Eligible Equipment or $6 million to (ii) the lesser of 70% of Net Orderly Liquidation Value of Eligible Equipment or $14.75 million as of March 31, 2020.  The Equipment Availability was $14.75 million for September 30, 2020.  The $14.75 million amount decreases by $1 million per quarter starting on July 1, 2020 until maturity or the amount is decreased to $0, whichever comes first.

The Company had issued approximately $90 million and $80 million of letters of credit under the ABL Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  Under the ABL Credit Agreement the Company is required to maintain Excess Availability above 12.5% of lender commitments ($13.75 million at December 31, 2020).  If Excess Availability is below 12.5% of lender commitments the Company has the ability to fund amounts into the Eligible Cash account which will increase Excess Availability for purposes of the previous month-end compliance reporting.  The Company had approximately $20 million of Excess Availability under the ABL Credit Agreement for the December 31, 2020 compliance reporting and $22 million of Excess Availability under the ABL Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2019.  To maintain Excess Availability of greater than 12.5% of lender commitments ($13.75 million and $18.75 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively), Kodak funded $35 million and $22 million to the Eligible Cash account held with the ABL Credit Agreement Administrative Agent as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is classified as Restricted Cash in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.  

Under the ABL Credit Agreement, if Excess Availability falls below 12.5% of lender commitments, Kodak may, in addition to the requirement to be in compliance with a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, become subject to cash dominion control.  Kodak intends to continue to maintain Excess Availability above the minimum threshold which may require additional funding of Eligible Cash.  In addition to Eligible Cash, the borrowing base is supported by Eligible Receivables, Eligible Inventory and Eligible Equipment.  To the extent the assets supporting the borrowing base decline, if the remaining assets included in the borrowing base are not sufficient to support the required Excess Availability amount, additional funding of Eligible Cash may be required.  Since Excess Availability was greater than 12.5% of lender commitments Kodak is not required to have a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0.  As of December 31, 2020 Fixed Charges (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) exceeded EBITDA by approximately $37 million, therefore the Fixed Charges Coverage Ratio was less than 1.0 to 1.0.  See “February 26, 2021 Financing Transactions” below for a summary of subsequent amendments to the ABL Credit Agreement.

Other Collateral Requirements

The New York State Workers’ Compensation Board (“NYSWCB”) requires security deposits related to self-insured workers’ compensation obligations.  The security deposit required by NYSWCB is based on actuarial calculations of the Company’s obligations and company specific factors such as its declining workforce and reducing exposure.  The NYSWCB calculation also includes a financial contingency based on the employer’s credit rating and a calculation of unallocated loss adjustment expenses. In 2020 the NYSWCB waived these charges to provide employers some relief while they endure the economic impacts of COVID.  The waived security deposits amounted to $16.7 million in 2020.  The increase to the security deposit required by NYSWCB in 2020, not including the waived amounts, was $14.9 million.  The Company has agreed to post additional collateral of approximately $3 million for each of the next five years to satisfy the current security deposit obligation.

The collateral obligation can be satisfied by issuing letters of credit or through other means.  The amount of security deposit required by NYSWCB will be re-calculated annually.  Therefore, the amount of additional collateral required may change each year.

As a result of the Company’s current credit ratings, during the second quarter of 2020 two surety bond holders notified the Company they required approximately $9 million of incremental collateral.

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The Company reduced the surety bond value by approximately $9 million in July 2020 with an equivalent increase to an existing letter of credit with the New York Workers’ Compensation board.  The Company could be required to provide up to $3 million of letters of credit to the issuers of certain surety bonds in the future to fully collateralize the bonds.

On September 1, 2019 Kodak established a strategic relationship with HuaGuang in the People’s Republic of China.  The relationship is comprised of an agreement under which Kodak sold its shares of the Kodak (China) Graphic Communication Co. Ltd. entity which included the offset printing plates facility in Xiamen, China, and related assets and liabilities, to HuaGuang, a supply agreement for HuaGuang to help Kodak fulfill customer demand and a license agreement under which Kodak licensed its plates technology, including its Sonora Process Free plates technology, to HuaGuang with the intent of expanding the plates market in China.  Upon the establishment of the relationship, Kodak received net cash proceeds of $30 million, of which $13 million was received in the United States.  As part of the arrangement, Kodak established an escrow of $14 million in China to secure minimum payments required under the supply agreement.

February 26, 2021 Financing Transactions

On February 26, 2021 the Company entered into a five-year Term Credit Agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”), a Series C Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), and a Series A Preferred Stock Repurchase and Exchange Agreement (the “Repurchase and Exchange Agreement”).

The Term Loan Credit Agreement provides for an initial term loan in the amount of $225 million and a commitment to provide delayed draw term loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $50 million on or before February 26, 2023.  The term loan bears interest at a rate of 8.5% per annum payable in cash and 4.0% per annum payable “in-kind” or in cash at the Company’s option, for an aggregate interest rate of 12.5% per annum.  The Purchase Agreement provides for the sale of a total of $100 million of Series C Preferred Stock, with an initial sale of $75 million of Series C Preferred Stock and an additional $25 million of this series of preferred stock subject to Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act clearance. The Series C Preferred Stock provides for cumulative dividends payable quarterly “in-kind” in the form of additional shares of Series C Preferred Stock at a rate of 5.0% per annum.  The Securities Purchase Agreement provides for the issuance of an aggregate of one million shares of common stock for a purchase price of $10.00 in cash per share for an aggregate purchase price of $10 million and $25 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s newly issued 5.0% unsecured convertible promissory notes due May 28, 2026 to the lenders under the Term Loan Credit Agreement.  The convertible notes bear interest at a rate of 5.0% per annum, which will be payable in cash on the maturity date and in additional shares of Common Stock on any conversion date.  With the proceeds from these transactions, the Company repurchased one million shares of the Series A Preferred Stock under the terms of the Repurchase and Exchange Agreement for $100 million plus accrued and unpaid dividends.  In addition, Kodak has issued one million shares of Series B Preferred Stock in exchange for the remaining Series A Preferred Stock.  The Series B Preferred Stock provides for cumulative dividends payable quarterly in cash at a rate of 4.0% per annum.  The Company received net proceeds of approximately $235 million on February 26, 2021, before fees of approximately $10 million, as a result of these transactions.

On February 26, 2021 the Company also entered into a cash collateralized Letter of Credit Facility Agreement for up to $50 million and amended its ABL Credit Agreement to decrease the commitments from $110 million to $90 million and to extend the maturity date to February 26, 2024, or the date that is 90 days prior to the earliest scheduled maturity date or mandatory redemption date of any of the Company’s outstanding term loan, convertible notes, Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, Series C Convertible Preferred Stock or any refinancing of any of the foregoing.  Pursuant to the Letter of Credit Facility Agreement, the Letter of Credit Lenders committed to issue letters of credit on the Company’s behalf in an aggregate amount of up to $50 million, provided that the Company posts cash collateral in an amount greater than or equal to 103% of the aggregate amount of letters of credit issued and outstanding at any given time (the “L/C Cash Collateral”). The term of the Letter of Credit Facility Agreement is three years, subject to the same automatic springing maturity as the Amended ABL Credit Agreement. The balance on deposit as of February 26, 2021 in the L/C Cash Collateral account was approximately $49 million, of which approximately $14 million was deposited into the L/C Cash Collateral account from proceeds of the financing transactions described herein and the remainder of which was cash collateral previously used to secure letters of credit under the ABL Credit Agreement. The amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement also removed Eligible Cash from the Borrowing Base.  Therefore, amounts funded into the Eligible Cash account will no longer increase Excess Availability for purposes of the month-end compliance reporting.  The ABL Amendment also adds a requirement, tested quarterly, that the Company maintain Minimum Liquidity (as defined in the Amended ABL Credit Agreement) of at least $80 million, and a corresponding requirement is contained in the Letter of Credit Facility Agreement.

Other Sources/Uses of Cash Related to Financing Transactions

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends payable quarterly in cash at a rate of 5.5% per annum.  Until the third quarter of 2018 all dividends owed on the Series A Preferred Stock were declared and paid when due.  No quarterly dividend was declared in the third or fourth quarters of 2018 or the first and second quarters of 2019.  The Company declared quarterly cash dividends in the third and fourth quarters of 2019 and each quarter of 2020 that were paid when due.  In July 2020, the Company declared and paid the four quarterly dividends that were in arrears in the aggregate amount of $11 million.  Due to exercises of stock options primarily by ex-employees, the Company received approximately $33 million, net of tax payments, in 2020.

Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans

Kodak made contributions (funded plans) or paid net benefits (unfunded plans) totaling approximately $17 million relating to its defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans in 2020.  For 2021, the forecasted contribution (funded plans) and net benefit payment (unfunded plans) requirements for its defined benefit pension and postretirement plans are approximately $17 million.

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Capital Expenditures

Cash flows from investing activities included $17 million for capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2020.  Kodak expects approximately $15 million to $25 million of cash flows for investing activities from capital expenditures for the year ending December 31, 2021, before consideration of any investment Kodak may make utilizing proceeds from the February 26, 2021 financing transactions.  Kodak plans to invest some of the proceeds from those financing transactions in growth opportunities in Kodak’s core businesses of print, advanced materials and chemicals as well as corporate infrastructure investments expected to contribute to improvements in cash flow. 

U.S. International Development Finance Corporation Non-Binding Letter of Interest

On July 28, 2020 the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation signed a non-binding letter of interest to provide a subsidiary of the Company with a potential $765 million loan to support the launch of Kodak Pharmaceuticals, an initiative that would manufacture pharmaceutical ingredients for essential generic drugs.  The DFC Loan would be for facility upgrades and construction, provide working capital, and finance other necessary direct expenditures supporting the launch of Kodak Pharmaceuticals.  The signing of the letter of interest indicated Kodak’s successful completion of the DFC’s initial screening, which would be followed by standard due diligence conducted by the DFC before financing would be formally committed.  The application process for the DFC Loan was put on hold when investigations were commenced with respect to the circumstances surrounding the DFC Announcement.  While the letter of interest with the DFC has never been formally terminated and the Company has not received any communication from the DFC rejecting its application, given the time that has elapsed and the recent changes in administration at the federal government and the DFC the Company is operating on the basis that the DFC Loan as envisioned at the time of the DFC Announcement will not proceed.  The Company remains interested in working with the DFC and other governmental agencies to leverage its assets and technology to on-shore manufacturing of pharmaceutical and other healthcare materials.  As described under “Overview” above, the Company is also continuing to explore expanding further into the pharmaceutical space on a smaller scale than contemplated by the DFC Loan using other sources of capital, including a portion of the capital raised by the Company on February 26, 2021.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In connection with the settlement of certain of the Company’s historical environmental liabilities at EBP and in accordance with the terms of the associated settlement agreement (“Amended EBP Settlement Agreement”), in the event the historical EBP liabilities exceed $99 million, the Company will become liable for 50% of the portion above $99 million with no limitation to the maximum potential future payments.  There is no liability recorded related to this guarantee.

Kodak issues indemnifications in certain instances when it sells businesses and real estate, and in the ordinary course of business with its customers, suppliers, service providers and business partners.  

Further, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers who are, or were, serving at the Company's request in such capacities.  Historically, costs incurred to settle claims related to these indemnifications have not been material to Kodak’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.  Additionally, the fair value of the indemnifications that Kodak issued during the year ended December 31, 2020 was not material to Kodak’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Kodak is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information under this item.

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ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Eastman Kodak Company

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Eastman Kodak Company (the Company) as of December 31, 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, equity (deficit) and cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and schedule for the year ended December 31, 2020 appearing in Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

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/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

Rochester, New York

March 16, 2021

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Eastman Kodak Company

Opinion on the Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Eastman Kodak Company

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the consolidated statement of financial position of Eastman Kodak Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, equity (deficit) and cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2019, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts for the year ended December 31, 2019 appearing under Item 15(1) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.    

Substantial Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  As discussed in Note 1 (not presented herein) to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has limitations on its ability to repatriate cash held outside the U.S. to other jurisdictions, experienced recent operating losses and negative cash flow from operations, redemption dates in 2021 for debt and preferred stock and significant cash requirements to fund ongoing operations and other obligations that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.  Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1 (not presented herein).  The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.  

We conducted our audit of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Rochester, New York

March 17, 2020, except for the change in composition of reportable segments discussed in Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is March 16, 2021

We served as the Company's auditor from at least 1924 to 2020.  We have not been able to determine the specific year we began serving as auditor of the Company.

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EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

(in millions, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(in millions)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

48

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(in millions)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(in millions, except share data)