EASTMAN KODAK CO - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)

PART I

When used in this report, unless otherwise indicated, “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” and “Kodak” refer to the consolidated company on the basis of consolidation described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K Report.

Kodak is a global manufacturer focused on commercial print and advanced materials and chemicals. Kodak provides industry-leading hardware, software, consumables and services primarily to customers in commercial print, packaging, publishing, manufacturing and entertainment. With 31,000 patents earned over 130 years of R&D, we believe in the power of technology and science to enhance what the world sees and creates. Our innovative, award-winning products, combined with our customer-first approach, allow us to attract customers worldwide. Kodak is committed to environmental stewardship, including industry leadership in developing sustainable solutions for print.

The Company was founded by George Eastman in 1880 and incorporated in 1901 in the State of New Jersey.  Kodak is headquartered in Rochester, New York.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

Kodak’s operations are classified into four reportable segments: Traditional Printing, Digital Printing, Advanced Materials and Chemicals and Brand. The balance of Kodak’s continuing operations, which do not meet the criteria of a reportable segment, are reported in All Other and primarily represent the Eastman Business Park ("EBP") operations.

Traditional Printing

The Traditional Printing segment is comprised of Prepress Solutions, which includes Kodak’s digital offset plate offerings and computer-to-plate (“CTP”) imaging solutions. The Traditional Printing segment provides digital and traditional product and service offerings to a variety of commercial industries, including commercial print, direct mail, book publishing, newspapers and magazines and packaging.

This segment is experiencing challenges from higher raw material and other supply chain costs, digital substitution and competitive pricing pressures. Refer to the Business Overview and Strategy section of Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” for additional information on the opportunities and challenges related to Traditional Printing.

The goal of Prepress Solutions is to pursue a contract-based, stable and recurring cash flow-generative business model. The average duration of customer contracts is two years. These contracts generate recurring revenue. The core of the business is the manufacturing of aluminum digital printing plates of varying sizes. These plates can be as small as 23cm x 27cm and as large as 126cm x 287cm. Unexposed plates are sold to commercial printing companies for use in the offset printing process. Kodak also manufactures equipment, known as CTP equipment, which images the plates with a laser. The plates are used in the offset printing process, which transfers ink from the plate onto a rubber blanket and then onto the substrate to be printed. Due to the nature of the imaging and printing process, a new plate must be used for each printing run. As a result, there is a recurring revenue stream from the sale of these plates.

The Traditional Printing products and services are sold globally to customers through both a direct sales team as well as indirectly through dealers and channel partners.

Kodak’s primary competitors are Fuji and Agfa. Kodak expects to benefit from current industry trends, including customers’ increasing focus on sustainability initiatives, which may strengthen demand for Kodak’s process-free solutions.

Digital offset plate offerings include KODAK SONORA Process Free Plates. Instead of the traditional process in which a plate is run through processing equipment containing a solution of developer, chemicals and water to set the image, KODAK SONORA Process Free Plates enable printers to set the image on the platesetter, then go directly to press. There’s also no processing variability, so process-free plate users benefit from more consistent and stable plates.  It’s designed to be a much more environmentally friendly approach that could eliminate all processing chemicals, water and excess energy and waste from the plate-making process. These plates are designed to deliver cost savings and efficiency for customers and promote environmental sustainability practices.

Net sales for Traditional Printing accounted for 59%, 57% and 58% of Kodak’s total net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Traditional Printing segment also provides service and support related to these products.

On September 1, 2019 Kodak established a strategic relationship with Lucky HuaGuang Graphics Co. Ltd (“HuaGuang”) in the People’s Republic of China. The relationship is comprised of an agreement under which Kodak sold its shares of the Kodak (China) Graphic Communication Co. Ltd. entity, which included the offset printing plates facility in Xiamen, China, and related assets and liabilities, to HuaGuang; a supply agreement for HuaGuang to help Kodak fulfill customer demand; and a license agreement under which Kodak licensed its plates technology, including its Sonora Process Free plates technology, to HuaGuang with the intent of expanding the plates market in China.  As part of the arrangement, Kodak established an escrow in China to secure minimum payments required under the supply agreement. The escrow balance as of December 31, 2022 approximated $5 million.

Digital Printing

The Digital Printing segment contains PROSPER, Software, Electrophotographic Printing Solutions and Versamark.  Digital Printing products include high-quality digital printing solutions using electrically charged toner-based technology, production press systems, consumables (primarily ink), inkjet components, software and services. Digital Printing products are distributed directly by Kodak and indirectly through dealers. The markets that the Digital Printing segment serves are highly competitive in variable printing applications like direct mail, newspapers, books, and packaging/labels. Key competitors are HP, Canon, Ricoh and Screen. Products and services included in Kodak’s offerings are described below.

Net sales for Digital Printing accounted for 19%, 22% and 23% of Kodak’s total net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Advanced Materials and Chemicals

The Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment is comprised of three lines of business: Industrial Film and Chemicals, Motion Picture and Advanced Materials and Functional Printing. Kodak Services for Business (“KSB”), which provided business process outsourcing services, was sold to Swiss Post Solutions in December 2020. Kodak’s Advanced Materials and Chemicals products are distributed directly by Kodak and indirectly through dealers. Kodak Alaris, a professional and consumer still photographic film and chemicals customer, represented approximately 32% of total Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment revenues in both 2022 and 2021 and 30% in 2020. Products and services included in Kodak’s offerings are described below.

The Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment includes the Kodak Research Laboratories which conduct research, develop new product or new business opportunities such as Kodak's growth initiatives of printed electronics, light blocking treatment for fabrics and diagnostic test reagents and file patent applications for its inventions and innovations. 

The Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment also manages licensing of its intellectual property to third parties and is a supporting participant for any licensing of Kodak intellectual property to a third party.  Kodak maintains a large worldwide portfolio of pending applications and issued patents.

Refer to the Business Overview and Strategy section of Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” for additional information on the opportunities related to Advanced Materials and Chemicals growth initiatives.

Net sales for Industrial Film and Chemicals accounted for 15%, 14% and 13% of Kodak’s total net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Brand

The Brand segment includes licensing of the Kodak brand to third parties. Kodak currently licenses its brand for use with a range of products including digital, instant print and 35mm film cameras, printing and scanning consumer use devices, batteries, apparel and eyewear. Kodak intends to continue efforts to grow its portfolio of brand licenses to generate both ongoing royalty streams and upfront payments. Brand licensees use the Kodak brand on their products and use their own distribution channels.

RAW MATERIALS

The raw materials used by Kodak are many and varied and are generally readily available. Lithographic aluminum is the primary material used in the manufacture of offset printing plates.  Kodak procures lithographic aluminum coils from several suppliers with pricing based on prevailing market prices for aluminum. Lithographic aluminum is experiencing significantly increased prices and demand. Electronic components are used in the manufacturing of commercial printers and other electronic devices. The film and chemicals business uses many raw materials, including silver, from a broad range of suppliers. While most raw materials are generally available from multiple sources, certain key electronic components, other components and specialty chemicals included in the finished goods manufactured by Kodak and manufactured by and purchased from Kodak’s third-party suppliers are obtained from single or limited sources, which subjects Kodak to supply risks. Refer to the Executive Overview section of Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” for a discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other global events for additional information.

SEASONALITY OF BUSINESS

Printing equipment and plate unit sales generally are higher in the fourth quarter, resulting from customer or industry budgeting practices and buying patterns.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Kodak's general practice is to protect its investment in research and development and its freedom to use its inventions by obtaining patents. The ownership of these patents contributes to Kodak's ability to provide industry-leading products. Kodak holds portfolios of patents in several areas important to its business, including specific technologies such as lithographic printing plates and related equipment systems; digital printing workflow and color management proofing systems; color and black-and-white electrophotographic printing systems including key press components and toners; commercial inkjet writing systems and components, presses and inks; custom and specialty materials for 3D printing, functional printing materials, material formulations, and deposition modalities; engineered microparticles for specific functions; security materials; and embedded information. Each of these areas is important to existing and emerging business opportunities that bear directly on Kodak's overall business performance.

In addition to patents, Kodak’s intellectual property includes know-how in many of the areas noted above, but in other businesses as well, such as color negative films, processing and print films and manufacturing of KSMs for the pharmaceutical industry.

Kodak's major products are not dependent upon one single, material patent. Rather, the technologies that underlie Kodak's products are supported by an aggregation of patents having various remaining lives and expiration dates. There is no individual patent, or group of patents, whose expiration is expected to have a material impact on Kodak's results of operations.

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

Kodak is subject to a wide variety of increasingly stringent federal, state, local, and foreign environmental laws and regulations, including laws addressing the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes, and the cleanup of contaminated sites. It is Kodak’s policy to carry out its business activities in a manner consistent with sound health, safety and environmental management practices, and to comply with applicable health, safety and environmental laws and regulations. Kodak continues to engage in programs for environmental, health and safety protection and control.

A liability for environmental remediation and other environmental costs is accrued when it is considered probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Environmental costs and accruals are presently not material to Kodak’s operations, cash flows or financial position. Although there is no assurance that existing or future environmental laws applicable to operations or products will not have a material adverse effect on operations, cash flows or financial condition, Kodak does not currently anticipate material expenditures to comply with environmental laws and regulations.

Kodak is focused on developing and delivering products and technologies that can drive sustainability performance by increasing operational efficiency, minimizing resource use, reducing costs over time and empowering customers to meet their own sustainability objectives.

The opportunity to reduce the environmental impact of its products and services is especially great for print products, as commercial printing has historically been a significant source of waste and pollution. Kodak is developing in-house life cycle assessment and carbon foot printing capabilities, which will help identify where the environmental footprint of Kodak’s products can be further reduced.

HUMAN CAPITAL

As of January 1, 2023, Kodak employed approximately 4,200 employees across 35 countries. Kodak’s success greatly depends on identifying, attracting, engaging, developing, and retaining a highly skilled workforce in multiple areas within Kodak. Outside the U.S. there are employees in certain countries that are represented by unions or similar organizations, such as works councils, or are covered by collective bargaining agreements .

Kodak utilizes temporary staffing programs to develop a pipeline of talent and provide additional support during peak periods. This includes working closely with local schools to provide apprentice and intern programs. Approximately 2% of its workforce is temporary.

Diversity, Equality and Inclusion

Kodak is focused on creating an inclusive and creative environment globally. Kodak strives to create a culture of inclusion, reduce bias in its talent practices, and invest in and engage with its communities. Kodak conducts diversity and code of conduct trainings with employees and managers to promote an inclusive and diverse workplace, where all individuals feel respected and part of a team regardless of their race, national origin, ethnicity, gender, age, religion, disability, sexual orientation or gender identity.

Kodak has achieved a score of 100% on the Human Rights Campaign Foundation’s Corporate Equality Index for over two decades and is included on its list of “Best Places to Work for LGBTQ+ Equality”.

Health, Wellness and Safety

Kodak is dedicated to driving continuous safety improvement across its operations. Kodak’s approach includes identifying and mitigating risk, targeted training, information sharing on safe work practices, and thorough analysis of incidents and near misses.

The COVID-19 pandemic magnified the importance of keeping employees safe and healthy. In response to the pandemic, Kodak has taken actions consistent with government mandates and continues to track active cases. The Executive Leadership Team reviews the impact of and responds to COVID-10 on a regular basis. Kodak will continue to emphasize the health and safety of its employees going forward.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Kodak files many reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (www.sec.gov), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K. These reports, and amendments to these reports, are made available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after being electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. They are available through Kodak's website at www.Kodak.com. To reach the SEC filings, follow the links to Company, About Us, Investor Center, Financials and then SEC Filings.

ITEM 1A.         RISK FACTORS

Kodak operates in rapidly changing economic and technological environments which present numerous risks and uncertainties. The risk factors described below, if realized, could have a material adverse effect on Kodak’s business, financial condition, and results of operations and make an investment in our securities risky. You should carefully consider these risks and uncertainties in addition to other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) section and the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Summary of Risk Factors

The following is a summary of the risk factors Kodak faces. The list is not exhaustive, and investors should read this “Risk Factors” section in full. Some of the risks Kodak faces include:

Summary of Risks Related to Kodak’s Business and Operations

Summary of Risks Related to Kodak’s Indebtedness and Access to Capital Markets

Summary of Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks

Summary of Risks Related to the Company’s Common Stock

Risks Related to Kodak’s Business and Operations

Kodak’s business, financial condition and results of operations have been and may continue to be adversely affected by global economic and geopolitical conditions, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, inflation, rising interest rates, and slowdowns in customer demand.

Worsening global economic conditions, including those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and  rising interest rates, could have material adverse impacts on Kodak’s business, cash flows, employees, suppliers, customers, and others’ ability to conduct business, including increased operational costs, extended business shutdowns, reduced operations, restrictions or interruptions in shipping, manufacturing or installing products, reduced consumer demand and the reduced ability of our customers to make payments. Accounts receivable and past due accounts could increase due to a decline in our customers’ ability to pay, and our liquidity, including our ability to use credit lines, could be negatively impacted by failures of financial instrument counterparties, including banks and other financial institutions.

Due to the global economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, we have and may continue to experience additional operating costs due to increased cost of energy, shipping, raw materials and labor, limited availability of raw materials and component products, delays in shipping and transportation and a decline in customer demand. Kodak’s products contain aluminum, silver, petroleum-based or other commodity-based raw materials, the prices of which have significantly increased, and could continue to increase. Ongoing disruptions in our supply chain could affect our ability to continue to meet customer demand for our products and services.  Continued or worsening operational and global economic conditions could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.  The extent to which the global economic conditions affect our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and variants, the actions taken in response to the pandemic, the continued impact of the war in Ukraine, any escalation thereof, and the impact of the international response thereto. For additional discussion regarding known impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the global economic environment, see Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations“ in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The ability to generate positive operating cash flows will be necessary for Kodak to continue to operate our business.

Continued investment, capital needs, restructuring payments, dividends and servicing Kodak’s debt require a significant amount of cash and we may not be able to generate sufficient cash to fund these activities, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Kodak has not generated positive operating cash flows without supplementing such cash flow from operations with financing and monetization transactions over the past several years. Kodak's businesses may not grow or continue to generate the same or enough cash flow.

It may take Kodak longer than planned to generate positive cash flow from operations, which would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial position. If Kodak is unable to generate positive cash flow from operations for an extended period in the future or to adequately supplement such cash flow from operations, our ability to continue as a going concern could be impaired or limited.

Kodak’s ability to generate cash is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legal, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. There are no assurances:

Kodak’s business may not generate cash flow in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay the principal or mandatory redemption price of, or interest and dividends on, the senior secured first lien term loans (the “Term Loans”) borrowed under the Credit Agreement, dated February 26, 2021, by and among the Company, the lenders party thereto (the “Term Loan Lenders”), and Alter Domus (US) LLC, as Administrative Agent (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”), the 5.0% unsecured convertible notes held by the Term Loan Lenders (the “2021 Convertible Notes”), the 4.0% Series B Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), and the 5.0% Series C Convertible Preferred Stock of the Company (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), or to fund Kodak’s other liquidity needs, including working capital, capital expenditures, product development efforts, restructuring actions, collateral requirements, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances and other general corporate requirements.

If Kodak cannot fund our liquidity needs, we will have to take actions, such as reducing or delaying capital expenditures, product development efforts, strategic acquisitions, and investments and alliances; selling additional assets; restructuring or refinancing the Company’s debt; or seeking additional equity capital. Such actions could increase the Company’s debt, negatively impact customer confidence in our ability to provide products and services, reduce our ability to raise additional capital and delay sustained profitability. There are no assurances any of these actions could, if necessary, be taken on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or they would satisfy Kodak’s liquidity needs.

If Kodak is unable to continue successful development, funding, and commercialization of products in businesses upon which we are focused or do so within an acceptable timeframe, Kodak’s financial performance could be adversely affected.

Kodak has focused our investments in print, advanced materials, and chemicals. These investment areas include offset plates and CTP devices, digital printing using commercial inkjet, high resolution functional printing for electronic and optical solutions, specialty chemicals (including pharmaceutical products), coated materials used in electric vehicle/energy storage batteries and smart materials for light control and 3D printing. Each of these businesses requires additional investment and may not be successful. The introduction of successful innovative products at market competitive prices and the achievement of scale are necessary for Kodak to grow these businesses, improve margins and achieve our financial objectives. Additionally, Kodak’s strategy is based on a number of factors and assumptions, some of which are not within our control, such as the actions of third parties. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully execute all or any elements of our strategy, or that Kodak’s ability to successfully execute our strategy will be unaffected by external factors. If Kodak is unsuccessful in growing our investment businesses as planned, or perceiving the needs of our target customers, Kodak’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity could be adversely affected.

If Kodak is unable to successfully or timely implement cost structure reductions, Kodak’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected.

Kodak continues to rationalize our workforce and streamline operations to a leaner and more focused organization aligned with our business initiatives. There are no assurances that workforce reductions, restructuring efforts and other cost-saving measures will be successful or the cost savings or other beneficial results will be consistent with expectations. The extent of change across our organizational structure, senior leadership, culture, functional alignment, outsourcing and other areas poses risks in the form of personnel capacity constraints and institutional knowledge loss that could lead to diminished results, compliance issues, and harm to our reputation. If workforce reductions, restructuring efforts and other cost-saving measures are not effectively managed, Kodak may also experience lost sales, harm to our business and customer relationships, adverse effects on employee morale, loss of key employees or other retention issues, product delays and increased costs.

Finally, the timing and implementation of workforce reductions may require compliance with laws and regulations, including local labor laws, and the failure to comply with such requirements may result in damages, fines and penalties. Any of these outcomes could negatively impact Kodak’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The loss of one or more of Kodak’s key personnel, or our failure to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel in the future, could harm our business.

In order to be successful, Kodak must continue to attract, retain and motivate executives and other key employees across the Company. Hiring and retaining qualified executives, research and engineering professionals, and qualified sales representatives, particularly in Kodak’s targeted growth markets, is critical to our future. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased attrition and significant shifts in the labor market and employee expectations. Given that our business is highly technical and specialized, it would be difficult to replace the loss of any of our key employees. Kodak may be unable to attract and retain highly qualified management and employees, particularly if we do not offer employment terms competitive with the rest of the market. Failure to attract and retain qualified individuals, key leaders, executives and employees, or failure to develop and implement a viable succession plan, could result in inadequate depth of institutional knowledge or skill sets, which could adversely affect Kodak’s business and results of operations.

If Kodak cannot effectively anticipate or rapidly respond to technology trends and develop and market new products to respond to changing customer needs and preferences, our revenue, earnings and cash flow could be adversely affected.

Kodak generally sells our products in industries which are characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product and service introductions and changing industry standards. Kodak’s success depends on our ability to offer differentiated solutions and technologies to capture market share and grow scale. To do so, Kodak must continually develop and introduce new products and services in a timely manner to keep pace with technological developments and achieve customer acceptance. In addition, the services and products we provide to customers may not or may no longer meet the needs of our customers as the business models of our customers evolve. Kodak’s customers may decide to outsource their imaging and printing needs or may purchase imaging and printing services and needs from other suppliers. In addition, it is difficult to predict successfully the products and services our customers will demand. The success of Kodak’s business depends in part on our ability to identify and respond promptly to changes in customer preferences, expectations and needs. If Kodak does not timely assess and respond to changing customer expectations, preferences and needs, our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be adversely affected.

If Kodak is unable to timely anticipate new technology trends, develop improvements to our current technology to address changing customer preferences, and effectively communicate our businesses, products, and the markets we serve, our revenue, earnings and cash flow could be adversely affected.

The success of Kodak’s technology development efforts may be affected by the development efforts of our competitors, which may have more financial and other resources to better ascertain technology trends, changing customer preferences, and changing business expectations or models. Kodak’s assessment and response may as a result be incomplete or inferior when compared to our competitors, which could adversely affect our product roadmaps and associated revenue streams.

Kodak has reduced the scope of our corporate-focused research and development activities. If our investment in research and product development is inadequate, our response to changing customer needs and changing market dynamics may be too slow and this may adversely affect revenue streams from new products and services.

Kodak’s investment in new products and services may not achieve expected returns.

Commercial success depends on many factors, including innovativeness, developer support, and effective distribution and marketing. If customers do not perceive Kodak’s latest offerings as providing significant new functionality or other value, they may reduce their purchases of new products or upgrades, unfavorably affecting our revenue. Kodak may not achieve significant revenue from new product, service, and distribution channel investments for several years, if at all.

New products and services may not be profitable, and even if they are profitable, operating margins for some new products and businesses may not be as high as the margins Kodak has experienced historically. Developing new technologies is complex. It can require long development and testing periods. Significant delays in new releases or significant problems in creating new products or services could adversely affect Kodak’s revenue.

If Kodak does not manage product reliability, yield and quality, our product launch plans may be delayed, our financial results may be adversely impacted, and our reputation may be harmed.

In developing, commercializing, manufacturing and servicing our products and services, Kodak must adequately address reliability and prevent yield and other quality issues, including defects in our engineering, design and manufacturing processes, as well as defects in third-party components included in our products.

Because Kodak’s products are sophisticated and complicated to develop and commercialize with rapid advances in technologies, the occurrence of defects may increase, particularly with the introduction of new product lines.

Unanticipated issues with product performance may delay product launch plans which could result in additional expenses, lost revenue and earnings. Although Kodak has established internal procedures to minimize risks which may arise from product quality issues, there can be no assurance we will be able to eliminate or mitigate occurrences of these issues and associated liabilities. Product reliability, yield and quality issues can impair our relationships with new or existing customers and adversely affect our brand image; product quality issues can result in recalls, warranty, or other service obligations and litigation; and our reputation as a producer of high quality products could suffer, all of which could adversely affect our business as well as our financial results.

Aging manufacturing facilities and equipment could lead to failures of equipment and systems.

Kodak’s manufacturing facilities are aged, and without significant updates to equipment and systems, will be more prone to failure. Capital improvements to manufacturing facilities are planned but there is risk to manufacturing operations especially due to the complexity of the processes and technology and the loss of knowledge as employees leave who are familiar with the processes and technology.  The longer these updates are delayed the higher the risk due to equipment failures, further obsolescence and additional loss of employees with the specific knowledge base. If Kodak’s equipment and systems experience a critical failure, we could experience an interruption of operations, manufacturing delays, increased costs associated with repairs or redesigns of systems and products, loss of sales and customers and damage to Kodak’s reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Cyber-attacks or other data security incidents that disrupt Kodak’s operations or result in the breach or other compromise of proprietary of confidential information about our workforce, our customers, or other third parties could disrupt our business, harm our reputation, cause us to lose customers, and expose us to costly regulatory enforcement and litigation, any of which could lead to material adverse effects on Kodak’s results of operations, business and financial condition.

To effectively manage our global business, Kodak depends on secure and reliable information technology systems with accurate data. These systems and their underlying infrastructure are provided by a combination of Kodak and third parties, and if unavailable or unreliable, could disrupt Kodak’s operations, causing delays or cancellation of customer orders, impeding the manufacturing or delivery of products, delaying the reporting of financial results, or impacting other business processes critical to running our business. 

Attacks on IT systems continue to grow in frequency, complexity and sophistication, and Kodak is regularly targeted by unauthorized parties using malicious tactics, code and viruses. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, are increasingly more complex and sophisticated and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time. Therefore, the system controls and security measures Kodak and other third parties use to prevent, detect and respond to data or cyber security incidents may not be sufficient to anticipate and identify these techniques or implement adequate or timely preventive or responsive measures.

Kodak’s IT systems contain critical information about our business, including intellectual property and confidential information of our customers, business partners, and employees.  Cyber-attacks, breaches or defects in our systems or those of third parties could result in unauthorized access to and misuse of our information, corruption of data, or disruption of operations, any of which could have a material adverse impact on Kodak’s business and reputation. The speed to closure of significant cyber security incidents may be influenced by the cooperation of governmental or law enforcement agencies, which is outside of our control.

Kodak also provides IT-based products and services to our customers and operates services used by our customers and hosted by Kodak. A breach of our security or reliability measures, or those of our third-party service providers, could negatively impact our customers’ operations or data privacy, which could expose Kodak to liability and reputational harm.

We may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by cyber-attacks or data security incidents in the future. Such events may expose us to unexpected liability, litigation, regulatory investigation and penalties, loss of customers’ business, unfavorable impact to business reputation, any of which could lead to a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If Kodak fails to manage distribution of our products and services properly, our revenue, gross margins and earnings could be adversely impacted.

Kodak uses a variety of distribution methods to sell and deliver our products and services, including direct sales, third-party resellers, channel partners and distributors. Successfully managing the interaction of direct and indirect channels across customer segments for our products and services is complex. Since each distribution method has distinct risks and financial implications, Kodak’s failure to achieve the most advantageous delivery model for our products and services could adversely affect our revenue and earnings.

Kodak’s inability to effectively complete and manage strategic transactions could adversely impact our business performance, including our financial results.

From time to time, Kodak may be engaged in discussions with third parties regarding possible investments, acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures, divestitures, asset sales, spin-offs and outsourcing transactions and may enter into agreements relating to such transactions in order to further our business objectives.

In order to successfully pursue strategic transactions, Kodak must identify suitable sellers, buyers and partners and successfully complete transactions, some of which may be large and complex, and manage post-closing issues such as the elimination of any remaining post-sale costs related to divested businesses. Transaction risk can be more pronounced for larger and more complicated transactions or when multiple transactions are pursued simultaneously. Strategic transactions may involve the following risks and challenges that could negatively impact our results of operations:

There are no assurances Kodak will be able to consummate any strategic transactions which we undertake or, if consummated, Kodak will achieve the anticipated levels of cash flows or realize synergies or other anticipated benefits from a strategic transaction. If Kodak fails to identify and successfully complete transactions that further our strategic objectives, we may be required to expend resources to develop products and technology internally, we may be at a competitive disadvantage or we may be adversely affected by negative market perceptions. Any of these factors could have an adverse effect on Kodak’s revenue, gross margins and profitability.

Failure to successfully manage the development and improvement of IT systems could diminish or delay any anticipated efficiencies and operational improvements, and our operations and business could be disrupted.

Kodak is implementing improvements to IT systems to more effectively manage our global business and implement our strategic plans. If Kodak is unable to successfully manage the development, improvement and transition of IT systems, anticipated efficiencies and operational improvements may be delayed or diminished, and we may experience cost overruns, disruption in our operations, or other business or reputational harm, any of which could have a material adverse effect on Kodak’s results of operations, business and financial condition.

If Kodak cannot protect the intellectual property rights on which our business depends, or if third parties assert that we violate their intellectual property rights, our revenue, earnings, expenses and liquidity may be adversely impacted.

A key differentiator for Kodak in many of our businesses is our technological advantage over competitors’ products and solutions. Our technological advantage is supported by Kodak’s intellectual property rights. Patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws in the United States and similar laws in other countries, and non-disclosure, confidentiality and other types of agreements with Kodak’s employees, customers, suppliers and other parties, may not be effective in establishing, maintaining, protecting and enforcing Kodak’s intellectual property rights.

Any of Kodak’s direct or indirect intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed, diluted, disclosed or misappropriated, or such intellectual property rights may not be sufficient to permit us to take advantage of current market trends or otherwise to provide competitive advantages, which could result in costly product redesign efforts, discontinuance of certain product offerings or other competitive harm. Further, the laws of certain countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same degree as the laws of the United States.

Therefore, in certain jurisdictions, Kodak may be unable to protect our proprietary technology adequately against unauthorized third-party copying, infringement or use, which could adversely affect our competitive position. Also, some of Kodak’s businesses and some of our products rely on key technologies developed or licensed by third parties and, because of the rapid pace of technological change in the information technology industry, we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from relevant third parties on reasonable terms, or at all.

Kodak also licenses third parties to use our trademarks. In an effort to preserve our trademark rights, Kodak enters into license agreements with these third parties which govern the use of our trademarks and requires our licensees to abide by quality control standards with respect to the goods and services they provide under the trademarks. Although Kodak makes efforts to police the use of our trademarks by our licensees, there can be no assurance these efforts will be sufficient to ensure the licensees abide by the terms of their licenses. In the event Kodak’s licensees fail to do so, our trademark rights could be diluted and our reputation harmed by our licensees’ activities. Also, failure by Kodak and our licensees to sufficiently exploit any of Kodak’s trademarks in any markets could erode Kodak’s trademark rights with respect to the relevant trademarks. Because the laws and enforcement regimes of certain countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same degree as those in the United States, in certain jurisdictions Kodak may be unable to adequately prevent such unauthorized uses, which could result in impairment of our trademark rights. 

Kodak has made substantial investments in new, proprietary technologies and has filed patent applications and obtained patents to protect our intellectual property rights in these technologies as well as the interests of our licensees. There can be no assurance Kodak’s patent applications will be approved, any patents issued will be of sufficient scope or strength to provide us with meaningful protection, or such patents will not be challenged by third parties. Furthermore, Kodak may fail to accurately predict all of the countries where patent protection will ultimately be desirable, and if we fail to timely file a patent application in any such country, we may be precluded from doing so at a later date. The patents issuing may vary in scope of coverage depending on the country in which such patents issue.

In addition, the intellectual property rights of others could inhibit Kodak’s ability to conduct our business. Other companies may hold patents on technologies used in Kodak’s industries and some of these companies may be aggressively seeking to expand, enforce or license their patent portfolios. Third parties may claim Kodak and our customers, licensees or other parties indemnified by us are infringing upon their intellectual property rights.

Such claims may be made by competitors seeking to block or limit Kodak’s access to certain markets. Additionally, certain individuals and groups have purchased intellectual property assets for the sole purpose of making claims of infringement and attempting to extract settlements from companies like Kodak. Even if we believe the claims are without merit, these claims may have the following negative impacts on our business:

Finally, Kodak uses open source software in connection with some of our products and services. Companies which incorporate open source software into their products have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the ownership of open source software and/or compliance with open source license terms. As a result, Kodak could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute open source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. Any requirement to disclose Kodak’s source code or pay damages for breach of contract could be harmful to our business results of operations and financial condition.

If the reputation of Kodak or its brand erodes significantly, it could have a material impact on our financial results.

Kodak’s products and brand have worldwide recognition. Kodak’s reputation, and the reputation of our brand, form the foundation of our relationships with key stakeholders and other constituencies, including customers, suppliers, distributors, channel partners, consumers and investors. Any harm to the reputation of Kodak or our brand could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, business and financial condition. The value of Kodak’s brand is reflected, in part, in our Brand segment, which licenses the Kodak brand for use by third parties in a wide range of products. Consumers and the public may view the products and activities of brand licensees as the products and activities of Kodak. The measures Kodak undertakes to research and manage licensee relationships and assess the quality of their products may not be sufficient to protect against legal proceedings and reputational harm in the event that licensed products and services do not meet consumer expectations for quality and safety. Other factors that could dilute or damage the reputation of Kodak and our brand include the failure of products and services to meet customer expectations, litigation and government investigations, negative or inaccurate comments in the media, including social media, and failure to meet and manage customer and industry expectations regarding the impact of our business on matters of social responsibility and environmental sustainability.

Increased competition, including price competition, could have a material adverse impact on Kodak’s revenue, gross margins, cash flow and market share.

The markets in which Kodak does business are highly competitive with large, entrenched, and well financed industry participants, many of which are larger than Kodak. In addition, we encounter aggressive price competition for many of our products and services from numerous companies globally. Any of our competitors may:

As a result, Kodak may not be able to compete successfully with our competitors. Finally, we may not be able to maintain our operating costs or prices at levels which would allow us to compete effectively. Kodak’s results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by these and other industry-wide pricing pressures. If our products, services and pricing are not sufficiently competitive with current and future competitors, we could also lose market share, adversely affecting our revenue, gross margins and cash flow.

Business disruptions could seriously harm Kodak’s future revenue and financial condition.

Worldwide operations could be subject to earthquakes, power shortages or outages, internet, systems and telecommunications failures, cyber-attacks, terrorism and other physical security threats, water shortages, tsunamis, floods, hurricanes, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, failure of critical infrastructure, medical epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, political or economic instability, including war and protests, and other natural or manmade disasters or business interruptions, for which Kodak is predominantly self-insured. The occurrence of any of these business disruptions could cause disruptions to Kodak’s operations or the operations of our suppliers, distributors and resellers, or customers and have a material adverse effect on Kodak’s results of operations and financial condition.

Certain of Kodak’s critical business functions, including our manufacturing and field service operations, cannot be performed remotely, and an inability of Kodak’s employees to physically work at our or our customers’ locations due to disruptions in service could harm Kodak’s operations, perhaps significantly.

The impact of these risks is greater in areas where products are manufactured at a sole or limited number of location(s), and where the sourcing of materials is limited to a sole or limited base of suppliers, since any material interruption in operations in such locations or suppliers could impact Kodak’s ability to provide a particular product or service for a period of time.

If our systems are disrupted or fail for any reason, both Kodak and our customers could experience data loss, financial loss, harm to reputation, or significant business interruption. Any delays or failures caused by network outages, software or hardware failures, or other data processing disruptions, could result in our inability to provide services in a timely fashion or at all. We may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by disruptions or security breaches in the future. Such events may expose us to unexpected liability, litigation, regulatory investigation and penalties, loss of customers’ business, and unfavorable impact to business reputation, as a result of which there could be a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Kodak relies on third-party suppliers and service providers to support our manufacturing, logistics, and business operations and faces the risks associated with reliance on external business partners.

Kodak relies on third-party suppliers for goods and services to support our manufacturing, logistics, and business operations. To the extent we rely on third parties, we face the risks that those third parties may not be able to:

Suppliers may choose to unilaterally withhold products, components or services. In addition, Kodak may experience shortages in supply and disruptions in service and supply as a result of unexpected demand, transportation and logistical limitations, and/or disruptions or production difficulties at our suppliers, such as disruptions due to fires, medical epidemics, other natural disasters or events outside of a supplier’s control. In addition, disruptions could result from a reduction in the number of our suppliers due to their own financial difficulties or a reduction in the products offered by such suppliers. As a result of the loss of any supplier, or a substantial decrease in the availability of products from our suppliers, Kodak may be unable to meet our customer commitments, our costs could be higher than planned, and our cash flows and the reliability of our products could be negatively impacted. Kodak will vigorously enforce our contractual rights under such circumstances, but there is no guarantee we will be successful in preventing or mitigating the effects of unilateral actions by our suppliers.

Other supplier problems that Kodak could encounter include electronic component shortages, interruption of IT services, risks related to the duration and termination of our contracts with suppliers for components and materials, non-competitive pricing due to tariffs, and risks related to the ability to obtain products, components or services from single source suppliers on favorable terms or at all. Hardware, applications and services, including cloud-based services, that we develop or procure from third-party suppliers may contain defects in design or other problems that could compromise the integrity and availability of our services. The realization of any of these risks, should alternative third-party relationships not be available or established, could cause interruptions in supply or increases in costs which might result in Kodak’s inability to meet customer demand for our products, damage to our relationships with our customers, and reduced market share, all of which could adversely affect Kodak’s results of operations and financial condition.

Any significant negative change in the payment terms that Kodak has with our suppliers could adversely affect our liquidity. There is a risk that Kodak’s key suppliers could respond to any actual or apparent decrease in or any concern with our financial results or liquidity by requiring or conditioning their sale of goods or services to Kodak on more stringent or more costly payment terms, such as by requiring standby letters of credit, earlier or advance payment of invoices, payment upon delivery, or shorter payment terms. Kodak’s need for additional liquidity could significantly increase and our supply could be materially disrupted if a significant portion of our key suppliers took one or more of the actions described above, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales, customer satisfaction, cash flows, liquidity and financial position.

Due to the nature of the products we sell and Kodak’s worldwide distribution, Kodak is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity costs which, together with tariffs that may be imposed, may adversely impact our results of operations and financial position.

As a result of Kodak’s global operating and financing activities, we are exposed to changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates, which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

Exchange rates and interest rates in markets in which we do business tend to be volatile and, at times, our sales and profitability can be negatively impacted across all of our segments depending upon the value of the U.S. dollar and other major currencies such as the euro, the Japanese yen, the British pound and the Chinese yuan. Tariffs or duties may also be imposed on exported products produced by Kodak, making such products less competitive in jurisdictions imposing such tariffs or duties. If the global economic situation remains uncertain or worsens, there could be further volatility in changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices, which could have negative effects on Kodak’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Kodak faces additional costs and risks associated with our worldwide business operations.

Kodak’s business is subject to additional costs and risks associated with doing business internationally, such as:

As a global company, Kodak is subject to regulatory requirements and laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate, and any alleged non-compliance with these requirements or laws could result in an adverse financial or reputational impact.

An inability to provide competitive financing arrangements to Kodak’s customers or extension of credit to customers whose creditworthiness deteriorates could adversely impact our revenue, profitability and financial position.

The competitive environment in which Kodak operates may require us to facilitate or provide financing to our customers. Customer financing arrangements may cover all or a portion of the purchase price for our products and services. We may also assist customers in obtaining financing from banks and other sources. Our success may be dependent, in part, upon our ability to provide customer financing on competitive terms and on our customers’ creditworthiness. Tightening of credit in the global financial markets can adversely affect the ability of Kodak’s customers to obtain financing for significant purchases, which may result in a decrease in, or cancellation of, orders for our products and services. If Kodak is unable to provide competitive financing solutions to our customers or if we extend credit to customers whose creditworthiness deteriorates, our revenues, profitability and financial position could be adversely impacted.

Risks Related to Kodak’s Indebtedness and Access to Capital Markets

The Company’s substantial monetary obligations require a portion of our cash flow be used to fund other obligations rather than be invested in the business and could adversely affect our ability to fund our operations.

The Company has obligations for borrowed money or in connection with letters of credit under the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the Asset Based Revolving Credit Agreement (the “ABL Credit Agreement”), the cash collateralized Letter of Credit Facility Agreement (the “LC Credit Agreement”), and the 2021 Convertible Notes (together, the “Credit Agreements”).

The Company’s indebtedness under the Credit Agreements and our other obligations could have important negative consequences to the Company and investors in our securities. These include the following:

The Company cannot be sure cash generated from our businesses will be as high as we expect, or our expenses will not be higher than we expect. Because a portion of our expenses are fixed in any given year, our operating cash flow margins are highly dependent on revenues, which are largely driven by customer demand. A lower amount of cash generated from our businesses or higher expenses than expected, when coupled with our debt obligations, could adversely affect Kodak’s ability to fund our operations.

The availability of borrowings and letters of credit under the ABL Credit Agreement and LC Credit Agreement is limited by the amount of various types of assets and, under certain circumstances, the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement will have greater control over Kodak’s cash.

Availability under the Company’s ABL Credit Agreement is based on the amount of Eligible Receivables, Eligible Inventory and Eligible Equipment (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) less specified reserves as described in Note 9, “Debt and Finance Leases” to the consolidated financial statements. With the exception of the years ending December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2022, Kodak’s U.S. Accounts Receivable and Inventory levels have been declining over the last several years, and Machinery and Equipment for purposes of the ABL Credit Agreement amortizes down by $1 million per quarter.

Availability under the Company’s LC Credit Agreement is based on cash collateral in an amount greater than or equal to 103% of the aggregate amount of letters of credit issued and outstanding at any given time (the “LC Cash Collateral”).

If Eligible Receivables, Eligible Inventory and Eligible Machinery and Equipment continue to decline and an asset base cannot be maintained to support the $58 million of letters of credit outstanding under the ABL Credit Agreement and the $11.25 million of Excess Availability required under the ABL Credit Agreement, or if LC Cash Collateral is not maintained to support the 103% of the $43 million of letters of credit outstanding under the LC Credit Agreement, the Company would be required to remain in compliance with the ABL Credit Agreement’s Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and operate under cash dominion by the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement.

Additional LC Cash Collateral would be classified as restricted cash and would not be available to support ongoing working capital and investment needs.

If the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement executed cash dominion, that would increase operational complexities for the Company. An event of default would occur under these circumstances if the Company is unable to remain in compliance with the ABL Credit Agreement’s Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio and operate under cash dominion by the administrative agent under the ABL Credit Agreement.

Kodak may desire additional capital funding and such capital may not be available to us and/or may be limited.

Kodak may desire to raise additional capital, including to pursue additional growth opportunities, strategic transactions or additional reorganization initiatives or refinance or redeem outstanding debt or preferred stock. Because of Kodak’s current non-investment grade credit rating and financial condition, and/or the current volatility and tightening in the financial and credit markets, Kodak’s access to the capital markets may be limited. 

Kodak’s ability to obtain capital and the costs of such capital are dependent on numerous factors, including:

Kodak may not be successful in obtaining additional capital for these or other reasons. An inability to access capital may limit our ability to capitalize on growth or efficiency opportunities or refinancings we would otherwise like to pursue.

There can be no assurance the Company will be able to comply with the terms of our various credit facilities.

A breach of any of the financial or other covenants contained in the Credit Agreements, including the Minimum US Liquidity requirements in the ABL Credit Agreement and the LC Credit Agreement, could result in an event of default under these facilities.

The maturity for our 2023 Amended ABL Credit Agreement is June 12, 2024. If we are unable to extend the maturity date or refinance this facility, we would need to have sufficient cash, securities or other collateral to post in place of the letters of credit supported by these facilities. If the 2023 Amended ABL Credit Agreement is not extended or refinanced by February 26, 2024, we may need to address a $9 million reduction in commitments that would take effect on that date.

If any default or event of default occurs under the LC Credit Agreement or ABL Credit Agreement and the Company is not able to either cure it or obtain a waiver from the requisite lenders under the LC Credit Agreement and ABL Credit Agreement, the administrative agent under the LC Credit Agreement and ABL Credit Agreement may, and at the request of the requisite lenders for that facility must, declare all of the Company’s outstanding obligations under the LC Credit Agreement and ABL Credit Agreement, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable. In addition, the agent under the LC Credit Agreement and ABL Credit Agreement may, and at the request of the requisite lenders must, terminate the lenders’ commitments under that facility and cease making further loans. If any default or event of default occurs under the Term Loan Credit Agreement or 2021 Convertible Notes and the Company is not able to either cure it or obtain a waiver from the holders of the Term Loan Credit Agreement or 2021 Convertible Notes, such holders may declare all of the Company’s outstanding obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and 2021 Convertible Notes, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable. If applicable, the administrative agent under the LC Credit Agreement, ABL Credit Agreement and Term Loan Credit Agreement and the collateral agent for the 2021 Convertible Notes could institute foreclosure proceedings against the pledged assets. Any of these outcomes would likely have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations and our ability to satisfy our obligations as they come due.

The current non-investment grade status and Kodak’s financial condition may adversely impact Kodak’s commercial operations, increase our liquidity requirements and increase the cost of refinancing opportunities. We may not have adequate liquidity to post required amounts of additional collateral.

The Company’s corporate family credit rating is currently below investment grade and there are no assurances our credit ratings will improve, or they will not decline, in the future. In addition, the Company may not continue to maintain credit ratings from the recognized rating agencies.

Our credit ratings and financial condition may affect the evaluation of our creditworthiness by trading counterparties and lenders, which could put us at a disadvantage to competitors with higher or investment grade ratings.

In carrying out our commercial business strategy, the current non-investment grade credit ratings have resulted and will likely continue to result in requirements that Kodak either prepay obligations or post significant amounts of collateral to support our business.

Should our ratings continue at their current levels, or should our ratings be further downgraded, we would expect these negative effects to continue and, in the case of a downgrade, become more pronounced. In particular, given the Company’s current credit ratings we may be required to post additional collateral to secure workers' compensation-related obligations.

Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks

Legal proceedings and governmental investigations associated with the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation announcement or in general could have a material adverse effect on our business operations and prospects, reputation, financial condition, results of operations and stock price.

On July 28, 2020, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (the “DFC”) announced (the “DFC Announcement”) the signing of a non-binding letter of interest to provide a subsidiary of the Company with a potential $765 million loan (the “DFC Loan”) to support the launch of Kodak Pharmaceuticals, an initiative that would manufacture pharmaceutical ingredients for essential generic drugs (the “DFC Pharmaceutical Project”).

The DFC Announcement and circumstances surrounding it prompted congressional investigations, an SEC investigation and a New York Attorney General’s investigation. In addition, lawsuits have been filed or threatened alleging various securities law violations and breaches of fiduciary duties based on circumstances surrounding the DFC Announcement. For further information on these investigations and lawsuits, see Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the Notes to Financial Statements.

Legal proceedings in general, and securities and class action litigation and regulatory investigations in particular, can be expensive and disruptive. The investigations and lawsuits associated with the DFC announcement have diverted, and may continue to divert, the attention of Kodak’s employees, management and board of directors. In addition, the response to the DFC related investigations and lawsuits has resulted in, and may continue to result in, increased legal expense and related costs. Kodak’s insurance, to the extent maintained, is not expected to cover all costs associated with the investigations and legal proceedings. We are unable to predict how much longer the legal proceedings and investigations to which we are currently subject will continue. An unfavorable outcome of any governmental investigation or legal proceeding may have an adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations, prospects, or stock price.

Failure to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations, anti-money laundering laws and regulations, economic and trade sanctions, and similar laws could have a materially adverse effect on Kodak’s reputation, results of operations or financial condition, or have other adverse consequences.

Regulators worldwide are exercising heightened scrutiny with respect to anti-corruption, economic and trade sanctions, and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Such heightened scrutiny has resulted in more aggressive investigations and enforcement of such laws and more burdensome regulations, any of which could adversely impact Kodak’s business.  Kodak has a global operating presence, including in numerous developing economies where companies and government officials are more likely to engage in business practices that are prohibited by domestic and foreign laws and regulations, including the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act.

Such laws generally prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign government officials and leaders of political parties, and in some cases, to other persons, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Kodak is also subject to economic and trade sanctions programs, including those administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, which prohibit or restrict transactions or dealings with specified countries, their governments, and in certain circumstances, their nationals, and with individuals and entities that are specially designated, including narcotics traffickers and terrorists or terrorist organizations, among others.  In addition, Kodak is subject to anti-money laundering laws and regulations.

Kodak has implemented policies and procedures to monitor and address compliance with applicable anti-corruption, economic and trade sanctions and anti-money laundering laws and regulations, and Kodak periodically reviews, upgrades and enhances certain of our policies and procedures. However, there can be no assurance that our employees, consultants or agents will not take actions in violation of our policies for which we may be ultimately responsible, or that our policies and procedures will be adequate or will be determined to be adequate by regulators.  Any violations of applicable anti-corruption, economic and trade sanctions or anti-money laundering laws or regulations could limit certain of Kodak’s business activities until they are satisfactorily remediated and could result in civil and criminal penalties, including fines, which could damage our reputation and have a materially adverse effect on Kodak’s results of operation or financial condition.

Failure to comply with privacy, data protection and cyber security laws and regulations could have a materially adverse effect on Kodak’s reputation, results of operations or financial condition.

Kodak receives, processes, transmits and stores information relating to identifiable individuals (personal information), both in our role as a technology provider and as an employer. As a result, Kodak is subject to numerous U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations relating to personal information.

These laws have been subject to frequent changes, and new legislation in this area may be enacted at any time. More recent examples of data privacy laws include (but are not limited to) the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and ePrivacy laws, California’s Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) and Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), China’s Personal Information Protection Law (“PIPL”), and Brazil’s General Data Protection Law (“LGPD”).

Recently enacted laws and regulations, as well as any other change to existing laws, the introduction of new laws and regulations in this area, or the failure to comply with existing laws that are applicable, may subject Kodak to, among other things, additional costs or changes to our business practices, liability for monetary damages, fines and/or criminal prosecution, unfavorable publicity, restrictions on our ability to obtain and process information and allegations by our customers and clients that we have not performed our contractual obligations.

Recent developments in the regulation of cross-border data transfers from the European Economic Area and countries with similar regimes, including enforcement decisions and regulatory guidance issued by key supervisory authorities, creates uncertainty as to our and our customers’ ability to use platforms and processing services located in the U.S. and other non-adequate jurisdictions. While existing data transfer mechanisms, such as Standard Contractual Clauses, remain valid, Kodak’s use of these transfer mechanisms is subject to legal, regulatory and political pressure. Kodak anticipates spending additional time and expense to enable continued cross-border transfers as needed to operate our business, which may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

This environment demands Kodak continuously improve our design and coordination of security controls and contractual arrangements across our businesses and geographies. While Kodak has taken steps to comply with the GDPR, other applicable data protection laws, and the regulations and guidance published by applicable regulators, our efforts to achieve and remain in compliance may not be fully successful. Despite Kodak’s security controls over personal data, Kodak, may not prevent the improper disclosure of personal information. Improper disclosure of this information could harm our reputation or subject us to liability under laws which protect personal data, resulting in increased costs or loss of revenue.

Kodak is subject to environmental laws and regulations. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations or liabilities imposed as a result of such laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Kodak is subject to environmental laws and regulations world-wide that govern, for example, the discharge of pollutants, the management of hazardous materials, the cleanup of contaminated sites, and the composition and end-of-life management of our products. Changes to such laws and regulations could limit the sale of certain of our products in certain jurisdictions or require modifications to our products that may be costly, time consuming or infeasible.

Non-compliance with applicable laws or liability incurred without regard to fault could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The cost of complying with such laws could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any uncertainties related to environmental conditions or obligations at Kodak’s properties may impact our ability to further develop or sell such properties.

If Kodak fails to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, which could have a material adverse effect on Kodak’s operations, investor confidence in our business and the trading prices of our securities.

Kodak is required to maintain disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting that are effective for the purposes described in Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures”. The existence of a material weakness in Kodak’s internal controls may adversely affect our ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information timely and accurately and, as a result, our financial statements may contain material misstatements or omissions, which could result in regulatory scrutiny, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial condition and otherwise have a material adverse effect on Kodak’s business, financial condition, cash flow results of operations or the trading price of Kodak’s stock.

Kodak may have additional tax liabilities.

Kodak is subject to income and other taxes in the United States and many other countries, and we are subject to routine corporate income tax audits in these jurisdictions. We believe that the positions taken on our tax returns are fully supported, but tax authorities may challenge these positions, and our positions may not be fully sustained on examination by the relevant tax authorities. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of these audits in order to determine the appropriateness of our tax provision, and we believe we have provided adequate reserves for all tax deficiencies or reductions in tax benefits that could reasonably result from an audit. We adjust our uncertain tax positions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular audit. Determining the appropriate provision for potential deficiencies or reductions in tax benefits that could reasonably result from an audit requires management judgments and estimates, and income tax audits are inherently unpredictable. We may not accurately predict the outcomes of these audits, and the amounts ultimately paid upon resolution of audits could be materially different from the amounts previously included in our income tax provision and, therefore, could have a material impact on our income tax provision, net income and cash flows.

Kodak’s future pension and other postretirement benefit plan costs and required level of contributions could be unfavorably impacted by changes in actuarial assumptions, market performance of plan assets and obligations imposed by legislation or pension authorities which could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flow.

Kodak has significant defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit obligations.

The funded status of our U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans (and other postretirement benefit plans), and the related cost reflected in our financial statements, are affected by various factors subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Key assumptions used to value these benefit obligations, funded status and expense recognition include the discount rate for future payment obligations, the long term expected rate of return on plan assets, salary growth, mortality trends, and other economic and demographic factors. Significant differences in actual experience, or significant changes in future assumptions or obligations imposed by legislation or pension authorities, could lead to a potential future need to contribute cash or assets to Kodak’s plans in excess of currently estimated contributions and benefit payments and could have an adverse effect on Kodak’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

In past years, Kodak has experienced variability in the costs of these defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit obligations as a result of macro-economic factors beyond our control, including variability in investment returns on pension plan assets, and changes in discount rates and mortality rates used to calculate pension and related liabilities. At least some of these macro-economic factors may again put pressure on the cost of providing pension and benefits. There can be no assurance we will succeed in limiting cost increases.

Kodak may be required to recognize impairments in the value of our goodwill and/or other long-lived assets which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Kodak tests goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment annually or whenever events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Kodak evaluates other long-lived assets for impairments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairments could occur in the future if Kodak’s expected future cash flows or market capitalization decline, market or interest rate environments deteriorate, or if carrying values change materially compared with changes in their respective fair values.

Risks Related to the Company’s Common Stock

The conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and 2021 Convertible Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock may dilute the value for the current holders of the Company’s common stock.

The 1,000,000 outstanding shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of 9.5238 shares of common stock per share of Series B Preferred Stock, the 1,096,797 outstanding shares of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of 10 shares of common stock per share of Series C Preferred Stock, and the 2021 Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of 100 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2021 Convertible Notes. The outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock and outstanding principal amount of the 2021 Convertible Notes are expected to increase as a result of the payment of dividends and interest in kind at a rate of 5.0% per annum. As a result of the conversion of any issued and outstanding Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock or 2021 Convertible Notes (collectively, the “Convertible Securities”), the Company’s existing shareholders will own a smaller percentage of our outstanding common stock. Based on the capitalization of the Company as of December 31, 2022, the conversion of all Convertible Securities would result in the issuance to holders thereof of approximately 23% of the outstanding common stock after giving effect to such conversion. Further, additional shares of common stock may be issuable pursuant to certain other features of the Convertible Securities, with such issuances being further dilutive to existing holders of common stock.

If Convertible Securities are converted into common stock, holders of such converted common stock will be entitled to the same dividend and distribution rights as holders of the common stock currently authorized and outstanding. As such, another dilutive effect resulting from the conversion of any issued and outstanding Convertible Securities will be a dilution to dividends and distributions.

Holders of the Company’s common stock will not realize any dilution in their ownership, dividend or distribution rights solely as a result of the reservation of any shares of common stock for issuance upon conversion of the Convertible Securities or for issuance of additional shares of common stock pursuant to certain other features of the Convertible Securities, but will experience such dilution to the extent additional shares of common stock are issued in the future as described above.

The holder of the Series C Preferred Stock owns a large portion of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities, and the holders of the Series C Preferred Stock and 2021 Convertible Notes each have the right to nominate one member for election to the Company’s Board. As a result, these holders may influence the composition of the Board and future actions taken by the Board.

The holder of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock is entitled to vote upon all matters upon which holders of the Company’s common stock have the right to vote and is entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of full shares of common stock into which such shares of Series C Preferred Stock could be converted at the then applicable conversion rate.

The holder of the Series C Preferred Stock holds approximately 12% of the voting power of the Company on an as-converted basis. As a result, this holder may have the ability to influence future actions by the Company requiring shareholder approval.

The holder of the Series C Preferred Stock also has the right to nominate one member for election to the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). This nomination right expires upon the earlier to occur of the third anniversary of the initial issuance of the Series C Preferred Stock or the holder ceasing to directly or indirectly hold at least a majority of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock purchased or the common stock received upon the conversion of such shares and is exclusive to the initial holder and does not transfer with the Series C Preferred Stock.

Also, an affiliate of the Term Loan Lenders has the right to nominate one member for election to the Board until the third anniversary of the initial issuance of the Term Loans or until the Term Loan Lenders cease to hold at least 50% of the original principal amount of the Term Loans and commitments under the Credit Agreement, whichever is earlier. Until the Term Loan Lenders cease to hold at least 50% of the original principal amount of the Term Loans and commitments under the Credit Agreement, at any time that the director nominated by the affiliate of the Term Loan Lenders is not serving on the Board, such affiliate will have the right to designate a non-voting observer to the Board.

Also, if dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock are in arrears for six or more consecutive or non-consecutive dividend periods, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to nominate one director at the next annual shareholder meeting and all subsequent shareholder meetings until all accumulated dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock have been paid or set aside. As a result, the presence of directors on the Board nominated by the current holder of Series C Preferred Stock or an affiliate of the Term Loan Lenders or nominated in the future by the holders of Series B Preferred Stock would enable such holders and lenders to influence the composition of the Board and, in turn, potentially influence and impact future actions taken by the Board.

The Company has registered, and has a duty to register, the resale of a large portion of our outstanding securities. The resale of the Company’s common stock, or the perception that such resale may occur, may adversely affect the price of our common stock.

In compliance with certain agreements to which the Company is a party, we have registered the resale of an aggregate of up to 44,490,032 shares of common stock that are either outstanding or issuable upon conversion of Preferred Stock or convertible notes. The resale of a substantial number of shares of common stock in the public market, or the perception that such resale might occur, could cause the market price of the Company’s common stock to decline. Under the terms of the certain agreements to which the Company is subject, certain of the counterparties to such agreements can, in certain circumstances, require the Company to participate in an underwritten public offering of the registered securities. Any shares sold in a registered resale will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. While the Company cannot predict the size of future resales or distributions of our common stock, if there is a perception that such resales or distributions could occur, or if the holders of the Company’s securities registered for resale sell a large number of the registered securities, the market price for the Company’s common stock could be adversely affected.

The resale of a significant portion of the Company’s securities or certain accumulations or transfers of the Company’s securities could result in a change of control of the Company and the loss of favorable tax attributes.

Holders of the Convertible Securities and holders of large blocks of the Company’s common stock collectively have a significant influence over matters presented to the Company’s shareholders for approval, including election of members to the Board and change of control transactions. In addition, the holders of such securities collectively would be able to cause a significant change in the ownership of the Company by selling a sufficient portion of the Company’s securities held by them. If such a transaction, in combination with other transactions in securities of the Company which have already occurred or future issuances of securities by the Company, were to result in an “ownership change” as determined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, then the Company’s ability to offset taxable income with tax attributes generated prior to the ownership change date could be limited, possibly substantially. Certain accumulations or transfers of the Company’s outstanding securities not involving these holders, could also cause such an “ownership change”. For more information on the Company’s tax attributes refer to Note 18, “Income Taxes”. The interests of the holders of the Convertible Securities and holders of large blocks of the Company’s common stock may not always coincide with the interests of the other holders of our common stock.

The Company’s stock price has been and may continue to be volatile.

The market price of the Company’s common stock experienced extreme volatility in the context of the DFC Announcement and has declined significantly since that time. Future announcements or disclosures concerning the Company, our strategic initiatives, our sales and profitability, quarterly variations in actual or anticipated operating results or comparable sales, any failure to meet analysts’ expectations, sales of large blocks of our common stock and developments concerning the investigations, lawsuits and claims relating to the DFC Announcement, among other factors, could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.          PROPERTIES

Kodak's worldwide headquarters is located in Rochester, New York.

Kodak owns 11 million square feet and leases, as a lessee, approximately 4 million square feet of space that includes administrative, research and development, manufacturing and marketing facilities in several worldwide locations. Out of the owned space, Kodak leases out approximately 1 million square feet to third-party tenants. The leases are for various periods and are generally renewable.

Kodak’s principal manufacturing facilities, by segment, are listed below. Properties in a location may be shared by all segments operating in that location.

Regional distribution centers are located in various places within and outside of the United States.

Research and development is headquartered at the Kodak Research Laboratories which is part of the Eastman Business Park in Rochester, New York, where Kodak conducts research and files patent applications for fundamental inventions. Eastman Business Park is a more than 1,200-acre innovation and manufacturing hub, which features a comprehensive set of technology, transportation and utility infrastructure assets. The complex features an on-site rail and wastewater treatment facility and manufacturing, distribution, lab and office space. Kodak uses and leases out space at Eastman Business Park as part of its strategy of adaptive and effective reuse of infrastructure, services, buildings and land.

Other U.S. research and development groups are located in Dayton, Ohio and Columbus, Georgia. Outside the U.S., research and development groups are located in Canada, Israel, Germany, Japan and China. The research and development groups work in close cooperation with manufacturing units and marketing organizations to develop new products and applications to serve both existing and new markets.

Kodak has excess capacity in some locations. Kodak is pursuing the monetization of its excess capacity by selling or leasing the associated properties.

ITEM 3.          LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for information regarding certain legal proceedings in which Kodak is involved.

ITEM 4.         MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Pursuant to General Instructions G (3) of Form 10-K, the following list is included as an unnumbered item in Part I of this report in lieu of being included in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

The executive officers' biographies follow:

James V. Continenza

James V. Continenza leads the transformation of Kodak as Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. He was appointed by the Board as Executive Chairman in February 2019 and as Chief Executive Officer in July 2020. Continenza joined the Board of Kodak in April 2013 and became Chairman of the Board in September 2013. Continenza served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Vivial Inc., a privately held marketing technology and communications company from September 2012 through June 2021, and served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Vivial Media LLC, a portion of Vivial Inc. remaining after a partial sale, from June 2021 to January 2022. He has also held leadership roles at STi Prepaid, LLC, a telecommunications company; Anchor Glass Container Corp., a leading manufacturer of glass containers; Teligent, Inc., a provider of communications services including voice, data, and internet access; Lucent Technologies Product Finance, a global leader in telecom equipment; and AT&T Inc., a telecommunications company.

In addition to his management experience, Continenza serves and has served on the boards of directors of a number of public and private companies. Continenza served on the board of directors of NII Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: NIHD), the holding company for Nextel Brazil, a wireless communication services provider, from August 2015 to August 2019. Among other private company boards, Continenza currently serves on the board of directors of Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc. (“Wildcat”), a private technology company that uses proprietary methods to research and develop new battery materials. Continenza was appointed to the board of Wildcat as the Company’s designee in connection with the Company’s purchase of preferred securities of Wildcat.

Previously, Continenza served on the boards of directors of Datasite LLC (formerly known as Merrill Corporation) from July 2013 to December 2020 and Cenveo Corporation, an industry leader in transformative publishing solutions, from September 2018 to September 2022.

David E. Bullwinkle

Dave Bullwinkle has been  the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Kodak since July 2016 and the President of Eastman Business Park since November 2018.  Bullwinkle is responsible for advancing the growth strategy for Eastman Business Park and leading Kodak's worldwide treasury, internal audit, controller and tax teams. Bullwinkle joined Kodak in 2004 and has worked in several financial management roles at Kodak including Worldwide BU Controller, Assistant Corporate Controller and External Reporting Manager. He served as the Director of Corporate Financial Planning and Analysis and Vice President, Finance at Kodak from November 2010 to June 2016, and Director of Investor Relations from August 2013 to June 2016.

Prior to joining Kodak, Bullwinkle worked as the Manager of Financial Reporting at Birds Eye Foods, Inc. and previously at PricewaterhouseCoopers from 1996 to 2002 in various roles including serving as an Assurance Manager.  Bullwinkle is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of New York.

Roger W. Byrd

Roger Byrd was appointed General Counsel, Secretary and Senior Vice President of Kodak in January 2019. He is responsible for leading the Company's global legal function and for providing legal guidance to senior leadership and the Board of Directors. Byrd also supports the Company with credit agreement compliance, securities reporting, corporate governance, M&A and financing transactions, joint ventures, and other strategic initiatives. Byrd joined Kodak in 2015 as Assistant General Counsel and Vice President, Legal Department.

Prior to joining Kodak, Byrd was a Partner at Nixon Peabody LLP. During his 23-year career at Nixon Peabody, he represented a broad range of clients in connection with a variety of M&A, financing and other corporate transactions. Byrd also served as General Counsel at Choice One Communications, Inc., a competitive local exchange carrier from 2005 – 2006.

Richard T. Michaels

Richard Michaels was appointed Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller of Kodak in April 2021.  From 2011 until April 2021 Michaels served as the Kodak’s Assistant Corporate Controller.  Michaels joined Kodak in 2004 as Controller for the Graphics Communications Group and held several other controller positions at the Company prior to becoming the Assistant Corporate Controller.  

Prior to joining Kodak, Michaels held various positions at PricewaterhouseCoopers from 1995 to 2004.  Michaels is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of New York.

Terry R. Taber, PhD

Terry Taber has served as Kodak's Chief Technical Officer since January 2009. Effective January 2020, he is a Senior Vice President of Advanced Materials and Chemicals.

From May 1, 2017 to January 2020, Taber was named President of the Advanced Materials and 3D Printing Technology Division, which contained the research laboratories and included licensing as well as new business development activities related to Kodak's patents and proprietary technology, and focused on opportunities in smart material applications, printed electronics markets and 3D printing materials.

From January 1, 2015 to May 1, 2017, Taber was President of the Intellectual Property Solutions Division. From January 2007 to December 2008 he was the Chief Operating Officer of Kodak's Image Sensor Solutions ("ISS") business, a leading developer of advanced CCD and CMOS sensors serving imaging and industrial markets.  Prior to Taber’s role with ISS, he held a series of senior positions in Kodak's research and development and product organizations. Taber has served as a corporate vice president since December 2008, including as a senior vice president from December 2010 through February 2020.

During his more than 40 years at Kodak, Taber has been involved in new materials research, product development and commercialization, manufacturing, and executive positions in R&D and business management.

Taber's early responsibilities included research on new synthetic materials, an area in which he holds several patents, program manager for several film products, worldwide consumer film business product manager, Associate Director of R&D and Director of Materials & Media R&D.

In past board service, he was a founding Board Member of the Innovation & Material Sciences Institute and served on the Executive Advisory Board of FIRST Rochester (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology). Taber currently serves on the George Eastman Museum Board, effective June 2018. He also serves on the Executive Committee of the Greater Rochester Chamber of Commerce and on the Board of Trustees for Roberts Wesleyan College and Northeastern Seminary.

PART II

ITEM 5.         MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “KODK”.

There were 770 shareholders of record of common stock on December 31, 2022.

Information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is included in Item 12. “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” in this Annual Report under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information.”

DIVIDEND INFORMATION

No dividends on common stock were declared or paid during 2022 or 2021.

Dividends for common shareholders may be restricted under Kodak’s Term Loan Credit Agreement, Amended ABL Credit Agreement, Letter of Credit Facility Agreement, the Series B Preferred Stock Agreement and the Series C Preferred Stock Agreement.

The graph below matches Eastman Kodak Company's cumulative 5-Year total shareholder return on common stock with the cumulative total returns of the Russell 2000 index and the S&P Small Cap 600 Information Technology index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from 12/31/2017 to 12/31/2022.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES DURING THE QUARTER ENDED December 31, 2022

There were no issuer purchases of equity securities in the quarter ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 6. RESERVED

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Kodak and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” (“Item 8”) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. All references to Notes relate to Notes to the Financial Statements in Item 8.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SAFE HARBOR PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995

This report on Form 10-K includes "forward–looking statements" as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Forward–looking statements include statements concerning Kodak’s plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, future revenue or performance, capital expenditures, liquidity, investments, financing needs and business trends and other information that is not historical information. When used in this document, the words “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” “strategy,” “continues,” “goals,” “targets” or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “should,” “could,” or “may,” and similar words and expressions, as well as statements that do not relate strictly to historical or current facts, are intended to identify forward–looking statements. All forward–looking statements, including management’s examination of historical operating trends and data, are based upon Kodak’s current expectations and assumptions. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include, among others, the risks and uncertainties described in more detail in this report on Form 10–K under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors,” “Legal Proceedings” and/or “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and in other filings the Company makes with the SEC from time to time, as well as the following:

Future events and other factors may cause Kodak’s actual results to differ materially from the forward–looking statements. All forward–looking statements attributable to Kodak or persons acting on its behalf apply only as of the date of this report on Form 10-K and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this document.  Kodak undertakes no obligation to update or revise forward–looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") provides a historical and prospective narrative on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Cross references to Notes in this MD&A are to the Notes in the Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data". The discussion of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 is included in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Consolidated revenues in the year ended December 31, 2022 were $1.205 billion, an improvement of $55 million (5%) from 2021. Currency impacted revenue unfavorably in 2022 compared to 2021 ($70 million).

Traditional Printing’s revenues, which accounted for 59% of Kodak’s total revenues in 2022, improved by $52 million (8%) compared to 2021. Volume for SONORA Process Free Plates improved by 2% compared to the prior year period or 9% when including volume under a licensing agreement pursuant to which Kodak received approximately $1 million in royalties in 2022. Digital Printing revenues declined $22 million (9%) and Advanced Materials and Chemicals revenue improved $22 million (10%) from 2021 to 2022.

Impact of COVID‐19 and Other Global Events:

Kodak's products are sold and serviced in numerous countries across the globe with more than half of sales generated outside the U.S.  Current global economic conditions remain highly volatile due to the ongoing impacts from the COVID‐19 pandemic, heightened levels of inflation, unfavorable foreign exchange rates, the war in Ukraine, and other global events which impacted Kodak’s operations. Kodak is experiencing supply chain disruptions, shortages in materials and labor, and increased labor, material and distribution costs as well as volume declines for certain businesses.

Kodak has implemented numerous measures to mitigate the challenges associated with supply chain disruptions and shortages in materials, including increasing safety stock on certain materials, increasing lead‐times, providing suppliers with longer forecasts of future demand and certifying additional sources or substitute materials where possible.  These measures have enabled Kodak to largely meet current demand.  

The Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment has also experienced labor shortages in certain manufacturing areas. Increased demand for consumer film products along with manufacturing equipment limitations and labor shortages have contributed to increased backorders. Kodak has increased headcount in this segment to better meet demand, but supply will continue to be constrained by manufacturing equipment limitations without further capital improvements.

Kodak has implemented various pricing actions in response to increased labor, material and distribution costs primarily within its Traditional Printing segment.  In order to mitigate the impact of higher aluminum, energy and packaging costs, the segment implemented surcharges on purchases of plates largely beginning in the latter part of the second quarter of 2021 that continue to be periodically reviewed and adjusted for accordingly.

Due to current global economic conditions and pricing actions, the Traditional Printing segment is experiencing a slowdown in customer demand that negatively impacted volume in 2022.  Kodak has implemented various actions in response, including supply chain and workforce optimization, productivity improvements and other cost savings that are projected to mitigate the impact of lower volumes. However, the potential worsening of economic conditions and the negative impact on customer demand due to further pricing actions could unfavorably impact this segment's operating results.

Kodak continues to work closely with government and health officials in the jurisdictions where it operates to protect employees worldwide, with particular measures in place for those working in plants and distribution facilities. Kodak closed its manufacturing facility located in Shanghai, China in April 2022 in response to a mandatory government lockdown. The mandatory government lockdown ended on June 1, 2022 and Kodak’s Shanghai, China manufacturing facility has resumed operations. The temporary closure did not have a material impact on Kodak’s financial statements. None of Kodak’s other manufacturing facilities have been ordered to close by governmental authorities.

Kodak also continues to monitor the rapidly evolving events surrounding the war in Ukraine and the various sanctions imposed in response to the war. Kodak is in compliance with all sanctions. Kodak is experiencing worldwide supply constraints for aluminum and electronic components, and increased energy and transportation costs due in part to the war in Ukraine.  The extent to which the military conflict in Ukraine will impact the global economy and Kodak's business and operations remains uncertain.  

The war in Ukraine and the international response have disrupted Kodak’s ability to operate its Russian subsidiary in the ordinary course, affecting its ability to pay vendors and employees, receive amounts owed from customers in Russia and deliver product. Kodak is in the process of an orderly winding down of its Russian subsidiary and direct Russian operations. The direct operations of Kodak’s Russian subsidiary are not material to the Company’s financial statements (less than 1% of total consolidated revenues and assets for 2021 and 2022), and there were no material impacts to the consolidated results as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The ongoing impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, changes in global economic conditions and other global events on Kodak’s operations and financial performance remains uncertain and will depend on several factors such as the duration of supply chain disruptions and slowdown in customer demand, the ability to secure raw materials and components, the ability to offset higher labor, material and distribution costs through pricing actions and the duration and further evolution of the COVID‐19 pandemic and governmental responses thereto.  

Business Overview and Strategy:

Segments within the print industry and the film industry face competition from digital substitution. Kodak’s strategy is to:

A discussion of opportunities and challenges related to Kodak’s strategy follows:

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2022, revenues improved approximately $55 million compared with the same period in 2021 primarily due to improved pricing within Traditional Printing ($151 million), improved pricing and product mix as well as increased volume within Advanced Materials and Chemicals ($15 million and $11 million, respectively), improved product mix in Digital Printing ($5 million) and improved volume in Brand ($2 million). Partially offsetting these favorable impacts was lower volume in Traditional Printing and Digital Printing ($46 million and $13 million, respectively) and unfavorable foreign currency ($70 million). See segment discussions for additional details. 

Gross Profit

Gross profit for 2022 improved approximately $6 million compared with the same period in 2021, primarily due to improved pricing and product mix in Traditional Printing ($153 million), improved pricing and product mix as well as higher volume in Advanced Materials and Chemicals ($13 million and $5 million, respectively), improved volume in Brand ($2 million) and a reduction in employee benefit reserves ($6 million) and depreciation ($2 million). Partially offsetting these favorable impacts was higher aluminum costs in Traditional Printing ($69 million), higher manufacturing costs and lower volumes in Traditional Printing ($63 million) and Digital Printing ($9 million), higher manufacturing costs in Advanced Materials and Chemicals ($12 million), an increase in restructuring costs reported in Cost of revenues ($3 million) and unfavorable foreign currency ($16 million). See segment discussions for additional details.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Consolidated SG&A for 2022 decreased $24 million in 2022 primarily due to lower consulting and other costs ($21 million) primarily associated with lower spend on investigations and litigation and insurance reimbursement.  SG&A includes $10 million of income in the year ended December 31, 2022 representing insurance reimbursement of legal costs previously paid by the Company associated with investigations and litigation matters.  Also contributing to the decrease in Consolidated SG&A was a decrease in employee benefit reserves ($4 million), lower equity-based compensation ($2 million) and favorable foreign currency ($6 million) partially offset by an increase in selling and administrative costs ($2 million).

Research and Development Costs

Consolidated R&D expenses decreased $1 million in 2022.

Restructuring Costs and Other

These costs, as well as restructuring costs reported in Cost of revenues, are discussed under the "Restructuring Costs and Other" section in this MD&A and Note 19, “Restructuring Costs and Other”.

Interest Expense

The increase in interest expense in 2022 of $7 million primarily reflects the impact of the Delayed Draw Term Loan entered into during the second quarter of 2022 combined with a full year of interest expense associated with the financing transactions entered into during the first quarter of 2021. Refer to Note 9, “Debt and Finance Leases” for further information.

Other Operating Income, Net

For details, refer to Note 16, “Other Operating Income, Net.”

Pension Income

For details, refer to Note 20, “Retirement Plans."

Other Charges (Income), Net

For details, refer to Note 17, “Other Charges (Income), Net.”

Provision for Income Taxes

For details, refer to Note 18, “Income Taxes.”

DETAILED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Revenues from Continuing Operations by Reportable Segment

Kodak’s segment measure of profit and loss is an adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Operational EBITDA”). As demonstrated in the table below, Operational EBITDA represents the earnings from continuing operations before income taxes excluding non-service cost components of pension and other postemployment benefits income; depreciation and amortization expense; restructuring costs and other; stock-based compensation expense; consulting and other costs; idle costs; other operating income, net; interest expense and other (charges) income, net.

Kodak’s segments are measured using Operational EBITDA both before and after allocation of corporate selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”). The segment earnings measure reported is after allocation of corporate SG&A as this most closely aligns with U.S. GAAP.  Research and development activities not directly related to the other segments are reported within the Advanced Materials and Chemicals segment.

Segment Operational EBITDA and Consolidated Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes

In 2022, Kodak decreased employee benefit reserves by $15 million composed of a reduction in workers’ compensation reserves of approximately $13 million driven by changes in discount rates and a decrease in other employee benefit reserves of approximately $2 million, driven by both changes in discount rates and favorable experience. The decrease in reserves in 2022 impacted gross profit by approximately $9 million, R&D by approximately $1 and SG&A by approximately $5 million.

Kodak decreased workers’ compensation reserves by approximately $4 million in 2021 driven by changes in discount rates. The decrease in reserves in 2021 impacted gross profit by approximately $3 million and SG&A by approximately $1 million.

2023 Segments

Change in Segments

Effective February 2023 Kodak changed its organizational structure.  The Traditional Printing segment and the Digital Printing segment were combined into one segment, named the Print segment.  No changes were made to Kodak's other segments.

TRADITIONAL PRINTING SEGMENT

Revenues

Revenues

The increase in Traditional Printing revenues of approximately $52 million primarily reflected improved pricing in Prepress Solutions consumables ($151 million), partially offset by reduced volumes in Prepress Solutions consumables ($47 million) and unfavorable foreign currency ($53 million).

Operational EBITDA

Traditional Printing Operational EBITDA improved approximately $18 million primarily due to improved pricing in Prepress Solutions consumables ($151 million), improved product mix in Prepress Solutions equipment ($2 million) and a reduction in employee benefit reserves ($2 million) partially offset by higher aluminum costs ($69 million), increased manufacturing costs and lower volume ($63 million) driven by increases in other costs such as utilities, transportation and supplies, and higher selling and administrative costs ($4 million) as well as unfavorable foreign currency ($3 million).

DIGITAL PRINTING SEGMENT

Revenues

The decrease in Digital Printing revenues of approximately $22 million primarily reflected volume declines in Electrophotographic Printing Solutions equipment as well as consumables and service ($3 million each), volume declines in PROSPER components, Software and VERSAMARK consumables and service ($2 million each) and unfavorable foreign currency ($14 million).  The unfavorable impacts were partially offset by improved pricing and product mix in PROSPER annuities and Electrophotographic Printing Solutions equipment ($2 million each).

Operational EBITDA

The decline in Digital Printing Operational EBITDA of $17 million was driven by increased manufacturing costs ($9 million), increased spending on R&D projects and selling and administrative costs (each $2 million) unfavorable product mix in Electrophotographic Printing Solutions consumables and service ($1 million) and unfavorable foreign currency ($4 million), partially offset by higher margins on Electrophotographic Printing Solutions equipment ($1 million) and a reduction in employee benefit reserves ($4 million).

ADVANCED MATERIALS AND CHEMICALS SEGMENT

Revenues

The improvement in Advanced Materials and Chemicals revenues of approximately $22 million is the result of pricing and product mix improvements in Industrial Film and Chemicals ($14 million) and improved volume in Industrial Film and Chemicals and Motion Picture ($3 million and $9 million, respectively) partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency ($3 million).

Operational EBITDA

Advanced Materials and Chemicals Operational EBITDA improved approximately $5 million reflecting improved pricing and product mix and increased volume in Industrial Film and Chemicals ($12 million and $3 million, respectively), higher Motion Picture volumes ($3 million) and a reduction in employee benefit reserves ($4 million). The favorable impacts were partially offset by increased manufacturing costs for Industrial Film and Chemicals ($11 million), increased SG&A and R&D spending ($2 million and $1 million, respectively) and unfavorable foreign currency ($2 million).

BRAND SEGMENT

Brand revenues and Operational EBITDA improved approximately $2 million and $1 million, respectively, reflecting higher volumes in 2022.

RESTRUCTURING COSTS AND OTHER

2022

Restructuring actions taken in 2022 were initiated to reduce Kodak’s cost structure as part of its commitment to drive sustainable profitability and included ceasing manufacturing of the Electrophotographic Printing Solutions equipment products as well as various targeted reductions in manufacturing, service, sales, research and development and administrative functions.

As a result of these actions, for the year ended December 31, 2022 Kodak recorded $13 million of charges of which $10 million were reported as Restructuring costs and other and $3 million were reported as Cost of revenues in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Kodak made cash payments related to restructuring of approximately $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The restructuring actions implemented in 2022 are expected to generate future annual cash savings of approximately $12 million. These savings are expected to reduce future annual Cost of revenues, SG&A and R&D expenses by $2 million, $7 million and $3 million, respectively. Kodak expects the majority of the annual savings to be in effect by the end of the second quarter of 2023 as actions are completed. See Note 19, “Restructuring Costs and Other”  for additional information on Kodak’s restructuring actions.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Management’s Assessment of Liquidity

Kodak ended the year with a cash balance of $217 million, a decrease of $145 million from December 31, 2021. On June 15, 2022, Kodak exercised its right to draw down in full an additional $50 million in aggregate principal pursuant to the Term Loan Credit Agreement and received net proceeds of $49 million. On July 13, 2022, Kodak invested $25 million of the proceeds received from the Delayed Draw Term Loans to acquire a minority preferred equity interest in Wildcat.

The financing transactions entered into during the first quarter of 2021 and the full draw down of the Delayed Draw Term Loans in the second quarter of 2022 provided additional liquidity for the Company to fund on‐going operations and obligations, invest in growth opportunities in Kodak’s businesses of print and advanced materials and chemicals and for corporate infrastructure investments expected to contribute to improvements in cash flow.

Available liquidity includes cash balances and the Excess Availability under the 2023 Amended ABL Credit Agreement (see below for the definition of Excess Availability). The amount of available liquidity is subject to fluctuations and includes cash balances held by various entities worldwide. At December 31, 2022 and 2021 approximately $152 million and $250 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents were held within the U.S. and approximately $65 million and $112 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents were held outside the U.S. Cash balances held outside the U.S. are generally required to support local country operations and may have high tax costs or other limitations that delay the ability to repatriate, and therefore may not be readily available for transfer to other jurisdictions.  Kodak utilizes cash balances outside the U.S. to fund needs in the U.S. through the use of inter-company loans.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, outstanding inter-company loans to the U.S. were $399 million and $418 million, respectively, which includes short-term inter-company loans from Kodak’s international finance center of $109 million and $119 million, respectively. In China, where approximately $24 million and $42 million of cash and cash equivalents was held as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, there are limitations related to net asset balances that may impact the ability to make cash available to other jurisdictions in the world. Under the terms of the Amended ABL Credit Agreement, the Company is permitted to invest up to $75 million in Restricted Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties and in joint ventures or Unrestricted Subsidiaries that are not party to the Amended ABL Credit Agreement.

The Company’s Hong Kong subsidiary has an $80 million inter-company loan from one of the Company’s Chinese subsidiaries with a maturity date of November 16, 2024, the proceeds of which were in turn loaned to the Company. The inter-company loan is required to be repaid in the next two years in four equal installments, with the first $20 million installment due by November 16, 2023 and the remaining installments due in 2024. The amounts repaid to the Chinese subsidiary may not be able to be loaned, repatriated or otherwise moved back to the U.S., in which case the Company’s U.S. liquidity would be reduced.  If the inter-company loan is not extended, refinanced or amended and the Hong Kong subsidiary does not pay any of the installments by the end of the 30-day grace period following notice by the Chinese subsidiary after a failure to pay on the due date of such installment, the Hong Kong subsidiary would default on the inter-company loan.  Such a default may cause a cross-default under the Company’s other credit facilities unless requisite waivers are obtained.  The Company intends to pursue alternatives that will allow it and its subsidiaries to perform their obligations to each other while minimizing the impact on U.S. liquidity.

On March 14, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Amended ABL Credit Agreement (the “2023 Amended ABL Credit Agreement”) and Letter of Credit Facility Agreement (the “2023 Amended L/C Facility Agreement) to, among other things: (i) extend the maturity date from February 26, 2024 to the earliest of June 12, 2024, the termination of the 2023 Amended L/C Facility Agreement or the 2023 Amended ABL Credit Agreement, as applicable, or the date that is 91 days prior to the earliest scheduled maturity date or mandatory redemption date of any of the Company’s Term Loans, 2021 Convertible Notes, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock or any refinancings of any of the foregoing; (ii) maintain daily Minimum Liquidity of $50 million, subject to certain cure rights, in addition to maintaining the existing quarterly Minimum Liquidity of $80 million, and (iii) on February 26, 2024 decrease the aggregate amount of commitments from $90 million to $81 million.

The maturity date of the Amended ABL Credit Agreement prior to the 2023 Amended ABL Credit Agreement was February 26, 2024 or the date that is 91 days prior to the earliest scheduled maturity date or mandatory redemption date of any of the Company's Term Loans, 2021 Convertible Notes, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock or any refinancings of any of the foregoing.  Upon the occurrence of the termination date under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement the obligations thereunder will become due, and the Company will need to provide alternate collateral in place for the $9 million of letters of credit issued under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement.

Under both the Amended ABL Credit Agreement and the L/C Facility Agreement the Company is required to maintain Minimum Liquidity of at least $80 million, which is tested at the end of each quarter. Minimum Liquidity was $150 million and $250 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021. If Minimum Liquidity falls below $80 million an Event of Default would occur and the Agent has the right to declare the obligation of each Lender to make Revolving Loans and of the Issuing Banks to issue Letters of Credit to be immediately terminated, and declare the Revolving Loans, all interest thereon and all other amounts payable under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. The 2023 Amended ABL Credit Agreement and 2023 Amended L/C Facility Agreement added a requirement that the Company maintain a daily Minimum Liquidity of $50 million, subject to certain cure rights, in addition to the quarterly Minimum Liquidity requirement of $80 million.

Kodak is experiencing negative cash flows due to supply chain disruptions, shortages in materials and labor, increased labor, commodity and distribution costs and slowdown in customer demand related to global economic conditions. The economic uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, the current inflationary environment, and other global events represents an additional element of complexity in Kodak’s plans to return to sustainable positive cash flow. The Company cannot predict the duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, as well as other factors such as the ability to continue to secure raw materials and components, the impact of rising costs of labor, commodity and distribution costs, or how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.

Kodak's plans to return to sustainable positive cash flow include growing revenues profitably through pricing actions, implementing effective working capital utilization, reducing operating expenses, continuing to simplify the organizational structure, generating cash from selling and leasing underutilized assets and implementing ways to reduce cash collateral needs.

Kodak believes that its liquidity position is adequate to fund its operating and investing needs for the next twelve months, to maintain compliance with the Minimum Liquidity provisions under the credit agreements and to provide the flexibility to respond as necessary to ordinary changes in the business and economic environment. Kodak’s ability to adequately fund its long-term liquidity and capital requirements will be dependent on amending, refinancing or extending the maturity date of the 2023 Amended ABL Credit Agreement and 2023 Amended L/C Facility Agreement, or finding alternative collateral in place of the letters of credit issued such facilities, managing world-wide cash through intercompany loans, distributions or other mechanisms while minimizing the impact on U.S. liquidity, generating positive cash flows from operations or obtaining additional financing to fund its growth investments.

Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement

On February 26, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement (as amended in 2021, the “Amended ABL Credit Agreement”). The Amended ABL Credit Agreement amended the ABL Credit Agreement to, among other things, (i) extend the maturity date to February 26, 2024 or the date that is 90 days prior to the earliest scheduled maturity date or mandatory redemption date of any of the Company’s Term Loans, 2021 Convertible Notes, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock or any refinancings of any of the foregoing and (ii) decrease the aggregate amount of commitments from $110 million to $90 million.

Commitments under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement continue to be able to be used in the form of revolving loans or letters of credit. The Company had issued approximately $58 million and $46 million letters of credit under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Letter of Credit Facility Agreement

On February 26, 2021, the Company entered into a Letter of Credit Facility Agreement (the “L/C Facility Agreement”, and together with the Term Loan Credit Agreement and the Amended ABL Credit Agreement the “Credit Agreements”). Pursuant to the L/C Facility Agreement, the L/C Lenders committed to issue letters of credit on the Company’s behalf in an aggregate amount of up to $50 million, provided the Company posts cash collateral in an amount greater than or equal to 103% of the aggregate amount of letters of credit issued and outstanding at any given time (the “L/C Cash Collateral”).

The term of the L/C Facility Agreement is three years, subject to the same automatic springing maturity as the Amended ABL Credit Agreement. The Company had issued approximately $43 million and $44 million letters of credit under the L/C Facility Agreement as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The letters of credit under the L/C Facility Agreement are collateralized by cash collateral (L/C Cash Collateral).  The balance on deposit in the L/C Cash Collateral account as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is approximately $44 million and $45 million, respectively.

Under the Amended ABL Credit Agreement and the L/C Facility Agreement the Company is required to maintain Excess Availability above 12.5% of lender commitments ($11.25 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021), which is tested at the end of each month. Excess Availability was $21 million and $27 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. If Excess Availability falls below 12.5% of lender commitments a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio Trigger Event would occur. During any Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio Trigger Event, the Company would be required to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of greater than or equal to 1.0 to 1.0.

If Excess Availability falls below 12.5% of lender commitments, Kodak may, in addition to the requirement to be in compliance with the minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, become subject to cash dominion control. Since Excess Availability was greater than 12.5% of lender commitments at December 31, 2022 and 2021, Kodak was not required to have a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0.

Kodak intends to continue to maintain Excess Availability above the minimum threshold. The borrowing base is supported by Eligible Receivables, Eligible Inventory and Eligible Equipment. As noted above, since Excess Availability was greater than 12.5% of lender commitments Kodak was not required to have a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.0 to 1.0. As of December 31, 2022 Fixed Charges (as defined in the ABL Credit Agreement) exceeded EBITDA by approximately $39 million, therefore the Fixed Charges Coverage Ratio was less than 1.0 to 1.0.

Cash Flow:

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances were as follows:

Cash Flow Activity

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities increased $69 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared with the prior year primarily due to an increase in cash used for accounts payable, an increased investment in inventory to strengthen the ability to supply customers and lower reductions of accounts receivable driven by revenue growth.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased $36 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year due to the investment in Wildcat and an increase in capital expenditures driven by investments in growth initiatives and back-office automation. 

Financing Activities

The change in net cash provided by financing activities of $195 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the corresponding period in 2021 was primarily driven by net proceeds of $247 million received in the prior year from refinancing transactions partially offset by proceeds of $49 million received in the second quarter of 2022 from the Delayed Draw Term Loans as well as lower preferred stock cash dividend payments in the current year period.

Excess Cash Flow

On an annual basis, the Company will prepay, within 10 business days following the filing of annual Form 10-K, outstanding Loans in an amount equal to Excess Cash Flow (“ECF”) as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement provided no such prepayment is required if such prepayment would cause U.S. liquidity to be less than $85 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022 ECF was a negative amount, therefore no prepayment is required in 2023.

Other Collateral Requirements

The New York State Workers’ Compensation Board (“NYSWCB”) requires security deposits related to self-insured workers’ compensation obligations, which security deposits are recalculated annually.  Due to changes in 2019 to the manner in which the required security deposit is determined, the Company has been required to post additional collateral over the last several years.  At December 31, 2022, the Company had posted $75.0 million of collateral, representing 107% of the Company’s undiscounted actuarial workers’ compensation obligations.  Based on informal communications with representatives of the NYSWCB, the Company understands the NYSWCB may adopt a financial contingency requirement based on the self-insured’s credit rating that could obligate the Company to post up to an additional $38 million of collateral as early as December 2023.  The Company believes no financial contingency is appropriate where the security deposit is already 107% of the undiscounted actuarial liability; however, the Company cannot predict the financial contingency methodology that will be adopted by the NYSWCB, if any.  Any additional security deposit required based on a financial contingency concept adopted by the NYSWCB would reduce the Company’s liquidity to the extent the Company is unable to obtain some form of relief from such requirement.

Based on the legacy nature of the Company’s workers’ compensation obligations, the undiscounted actuarial obligation has been declining and the Company expects it to continue to decline.  While it may not be indicative of the rate of future declines, the undiscounted actuarial liability declined by an average of $5.5 million per year between 2014 and 2022.  Accordingly, subject to the possibility of being required to post additional collateral based on a financial contingency methodology adopted by the NYSWCB or other changes to the calculation of required security deposits by the NYSWCB, the Company expects the amount of the required security deposit to decline over time and gradually return the capital used to support the security deposits that have been made.

As a result of the Company’s credit ratings, during the second quarter of 2020 two surety bond holders notified the Company they required approximately $9 million of incremental collateral. The Company reduced the surety bond value by approximately $9 million in July 2020 with an equivalent increase to an existing letter of credit with the New York Workers’ Compensation Board. The Company could be required to provide up to an additional $4 million of letters of credit to the issuers of certain surety bonds in the future to fully collateralize the bonds.

Other Sources/Uses of Cash Related to Financing Transactions and Stock Options

The holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to cumulative dividends payable quarterly in cash at a rate of 4% per annum. All dividends have been declared and paid when due. Due to exercises of stock options primarily by ex-employees, the Company received approximately $33 million, net of tax payments, in 2020.

Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans

Kodak made contributions (funded plans) or paid net benefits (unfunded plans) totaling approximately $14 million relating to its non-U.S. defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans in 2022.  For 2023, the forecasted contribution (funded plans) and net benefit payment (unfunded plans) requirements for its non-U.S. defined benefit pension and postretirement plans are approximately $12 million. Kodak does not expect to make any cash contributions to its major U.S. pension plan in 2023, and expects benefit payments (unfunded plans) related to its non-major U.S. plans to be less than $1 million.

Capital Expenditures

Cash flows from investing activities included $31 million for capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2022.  Kodak expects approximately $30 million to $40 million of cash flows for investing activities from capital expenditures for the year ending December 31, 2023. 

U.S. International Development Finance Corporation Non-Binding Letter of Interest

On July 28, 2020, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation signed a non-binding letter of interest to provide a subsidiary of the Company with a potential $765 million loan to support the launch of Kodak Pharmaceuticals, an initiative that would manufacture pharmaceutical ingredients for essential generic drugs. The DFC Loan would have been for facility upgrades and construction, provide working capital, and finance other necessary direct expenditures supporting the launch of Kodak Pharmaceuticals.  As previously reported, on April 22, 2022 the Company received a letter from the DFC advising the Company that the authority conferred on the DFC by Executive Order 13922 expired on March 27, 2022 and that, consequently, the DFC is unable to consider the project further and the Company’s application has been closed.

The Company remains interested in working with governmental agencies to leverage its assets and technology to on-shore manufacturing of pharmaceutical and other healthcare materials. As described under “Overview” above, the Company is also continuing to explore expanding further into the pharmaceutical space on a smaller scale than contemplated by the DFC Loan using other sources of capital, including a portion of the capital raised by the Company on February 26, 2021.

Contractual Obligations

The impact that contractual obligations are expected to have on Kodak's cash flow in future periods is as follows:

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are more fully described in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies”. The accounting policies most critical to the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and require the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments are described below.

Revenue Recognition

Kodak's revenue transactions include sales of products, equipment, software, services, integrated solutions, intellectual property and brand licensing and commercial real estate management activities.  Complex multiple element arrangements with nonstandard terms and conditions may require significant contract interpretation to determine the appropriate accounting, including the allocation of transaction price to the various performance obligations and determination of the stand-alone selling price of each performance obligation. When the stand-alone selling price is not directly observable, it is estimated based on management judgment considering available data such as internal margin objectives, pricing strategies, market/competitive conditions, historical profitability data, as well as other observable inputs.

For equipment sales, revenue recognition may depend on completion of installation based on the type of equipment, level of customer specific customization and other contractual terms. In instances in which the agreement with the customer contains a customer acceptance clause, revenue is deferred until customer acceptance is obtained, provided the customer acceptance clause is considered to be substantive.

At the time revenue is recognized, Kodak also records reductions to revenue for customer incentive programs such as volume rebates and promotional allowances.  For those incentives that require estimation, such as for volume rebates, Kodak uses historical experience and both internal and customer data to estimate the sales incentive at the time revenue is recognized.  In the event that the actual results of these items differ from the estimates, adjustments to the sales incentive accruals are recorded. Future market conditions and product transitions may require Kodak to increase customer incentive offers, possibly resulting in an incremental reduction of revenue at the time the incentive is offered.

Valuation and Useful Lives of Long-Lived Assets, Including Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its’ carrying amount. As of December 31, 2022, goodwill is only recorded in the Brand and Software reporting units.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Kodak estimates the fair value of its reporting units using the guideline public company method and discounted cash flow method. To estimate fair value utilizing the guideline public company method, Kodak applies valuation multiples, derived from the operating data of publicly-traded benchmark companies, to the same operating data of the reporting units. The valuation multiples are based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). To estimate fair value utilizing the discounted cash flow method, Kodak establishes an estimate of future cash flows for each reporting unit and discounts those estimated future cash flows to present value. 

Kodak performed a quantitative test of impairment for all reporting units for its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2022. Kodak utilized the discounted cash flow method and guideline public company method to estimate the fair value of reporting units with goodwill.

For these reporting units, Kodak selected equal weighting of the guideline public company method and the discounted cash flow method as the valuation approaches produced comparable ranges of fair value. Fair values for the reporting units without goodwill were estimated using the discounted cash flow method only.

To estimate fair value utilizing the discounted cash flow method, Kodak established an estimate of future cash flows for the period January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2027 and discounted the estimated future cash flows to present value. The expected cash flows were derived from earnings forecasts and assumptions regarding growth and margin projections, as applicable. The discount rates are estimated based on an after-tax weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) for each reporting unit reflecting the rate of return that would be expected by a market participant. The WACC also takes into consideration a company specific risk premium for each reporting unit reflecting the risk associated with the overall uncertainty of the financial projections. Discount rates of 16% to 35% were utilized in the valuation based on Kodak’s best estimates of the after-tax WACC of each reporting unit.

A terminal value was included for all reporting units at the end of the cash flow projection period to reflect the remaining value that the reporting unit is expected to generate. The terminal value was calculated using either the constant growth method (“CGM”) based on the cash flows of the final year of the discrete period or the H-model, which assumes the growth during the terminal period starts at a higher rate and declines in a linear manner over a specified transition period toward a stable growth rate.

Based upon the results of Kodak’s December 31, 2022 analysis, Kodak concluded that the fair value of the reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying values, therefore no impairment of goodwill was indicated. Impairment of goodwill could occur in the future if a reporting unit’s fair value changes significantly, if Kodak’s market capitalization significantly declines, if a reporting unit’s carrying value changes materially compared with changes in its fair values, or as a result of changes in operating segments or reporting units.

The carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset related to the Kodak trade name is evaluated for potential impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired.

Kodak performed its annual test of impairment for the Kodak trade name as of December 31, 2022. The fair value of the Kodak trade name was valued using the income approach, specifically the relief from royalty method based on the following significant assumptions: (a) forecasted revenues for the period January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2027, including a terminal year with growth rates ranging from -0.5% to 2.5%; (b) an after-tax royalty rate of 0.4% of expected net sales determined with regard to comparable market transactions and profitability analysis; and (c) discount rates ranging from 17% to 29%, which were based on the after-tax WACC.

Based on the results of Kodak’s December 31, 2022 annual impairment test, the carrying value of the Kodak trade name exceeded its fair value and Kodak recorded a pre-tax impairment charge of $1 million driven by lower forecasted revenues primarily associated with decision to cease manufacturing of the Electrophotographic Printing Solutions equipment products.  Impairment of the Kodak trade name could occur in the future if expected revenues decline or if there are significant changes in the discount rates or royalty rates. A one percent increase in the discount rate and a 10% miss in expected revenues would impact the fair value of the Kodak trade name by $2 million.

Long-lived assets other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. When evaluating long-lived assets for impairment, the carrying value of an asset group is compared to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows.  An impairment is indicated if the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset group.  The impairment is the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the long-lived asset group. Kodak updated its estimate of undiscounted cash flows for each asset group as of December 31, 2022. Based on the results of the impairment tests, no impairments were recorded.

The value of property, plant, and equipment is depreciated over its expected useful life in such a way as to allocate it as equitably as possible to the periods during which services are obtained from their use, which aims to distribute the value over the remaining estimated useful life of the unit in a systematic and rational manner. An estimate of useful life not only considers the economic life of the asset, but also the remaining life of the asset to the entity. Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets could occur in the future if expected future cash flows decline or if there are significant changes in the estimated useful life of the assets.

Convertible Notes Embedded Conversion Features

The 2021 Convertible Notes are considered more akin to debt-type instruments. The economic characteristics and risks of the embedded conversion features in the 2021 Convertible Notes were not considered clearly and closely related to the 2021 Convertible Notes. Accordingly, these embedded features were bifurcated from the 2021 Convertible Notes and separately accounted for at fair value as a single derivative, which reduced the carrying value of the 2021 Convertible Notes. The derivative is being accounted for at fair value with subsequent changes in the fair value being reported as part of Other charges (income), net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The fair value of the embedded conversion features derivative is calculated using unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair measurements). The binomial model is used to estimate the fair value of the embedded derivative which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected volatility of Kodak’s common stock. If factors change and different assumptions are used, the fair value of the embedded derivative liability could be materially different in the future. Refer to Note 14, “Financial Instruments” for additional information regarding the key inputs in the determination of fair value for the embedded conversion features.

The table below summarizes the expected stock price volatility and the closing stock price used as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Taxes

Kodak recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of operating losses, credit carry-forwards and temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax basis of Kodak’s assets and liabilities.

Kodak records a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.  Kodak has considered forecasted earnings, future taxable income, the geographical mix of earnings in the jurisdictions in which Kodak operates and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in determining the need for these valuation allowances.  As of December 31, 2022, Kodak has net deferred tax assets before valuation allowances of approximately $799 million and a valuation allowance related to those net deferred tax assets of approximately $826 million, resulting in net deferred tax liabilities of approximately $27 million.

Kodak considers both positive and negative evidence, in determining whether a valuation allowance is needed by territory, including, but not limited to, whether particular entities are in three-year cumulative income positions. As of March 31, 2020, Kodak determined that it was more likely than not that deferred tax assets outside the U.S. which were not offset with valuation allowances as of March 31, 2020 would not be realized due to reductions in estimates of future profitability as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in locations outside the U.S. Accordingly, Kodak recorded a provision of $167 million associated with the establishment of a valuation allowance on those deferred tax assets.

Kodak may be able to make the determination that the realization of deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions is more likely than not in the future. Kodak will continue to evaluate whether valuation allowances are needed, at a jurisdictional level, in future reporting periods.

It is possible that sufficient positive evidence, including sustained profitability, may become available in future periods with respect to one or more jurisdictions to reach a conclusion that all or part of the valuation allowance with respect to such jurisdictions could be reversed.

Utilization of net operating losses (“NOL”) and tax credits may be subject to limitations in the event of significant changes in stock ownership of the Company in the future. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, imposes annual limitations on the utilization of NOL carryforwards, other tax carryforwards, and certain built-in losses as defined under that Section, upon an ownership change. In general terms, an ownership change may result from transactions that increase the aggregate ownership of five percent stockholders in Kodak’s stock by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year testing period. The Company has a relatively high concentration of stockholders that hold 5% or more of the outstanding stock. Future transactions, when combined with reported transactions within the testing period could aggregate an ownership change during the testing period in excess of 50 percentage points.

A Section 382 ownership change would significantly impair Kodak’s ability to utilize NOLs and tax credits in the U.S. As of December 31, 2022, Kodak had available U.S. NOL carry-forwards for income tax purposes of approximately $1,486 million and unused foreign tax credits of $358 million. Any impairment of these tax attributes would be fully offset by a corresponding decrease in Kodak’s U.S. valuation allowance, which would result in no net tax provision.

Kodak has deferred tax liabilities of $17 million and $20 million for potential taxes on undistributed earnings, primarily attributable to foreign withholding taxes, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Kodak operates within multiple taxing jurisdictions worldwide and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions.  These audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time for resolution.  Management’s ongoing assessments of the outcomes of these issues and related tax positions require judgment, and although management believes that adequate provisions have been made for such issues, there is the possibility that the ultimate resolution of such issues could have an adverse effect on the earnings of Kodak.  Conversely, if these issues are resolved favorably in the future, the related provisions would be reduced, thus having a positive impact on earnings.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits 

Kodak’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit costs and obligations are estimated using several key assumptions.  The assumptions that have the most significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations are the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets (“EROA”) and discount rates. Actual results that differ from Kodak’s assumptions are recorded as unrecognized gains and losses as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity and are amortized to earnings over the estimated future service period of the active participants in the plan or, if the plan is almost entirely inactive, the average remaining lifetime expectancy of inactive participants, to the extent such total net unrecognized gains and losses exceed 10% of the greater of the plan's projected benefit obligation or the calculated value of plan assets.  Significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in future assumptions would affect Kodak’s pension and other postretirement benefit costs and obligations.

Return on Plan Assets

EROA is a long-term assumption, which Kodak reviews annually. Kodak utilizes asset and liability modeling studies to adjust asset exposures to conform to its investment strategy, and to review its liability hedging program. These studies generate forward-looking estimates of correlation, risk and return which are used in the development of the EROA. The EROA is estimated utilizing a forward-looking building block model which factors in the expected risk of each asset category, return, and correlation over a five to seven-year horizon, and weighs the exposures by the strategic asset allocation.

Historical inputs are utilized in the forecasting model, including historical asset returns with adjustments based on the forward-looking view. Kodak aggregates investments into major asset categories based on the underlying benchmark of the strategy. Each allocation to these major asset categories is determined to accomplish unique objectives, including enhancing portfolio return, providing portfolio diversification, or hedging plan liabilities, in accordance with the overall investment strategy.

The EROA, once set, is applied to the calculated value of plan assets in the determination of the expected return component of Kodak’s pension expense.  Kodak uses a calculated value of plan assets, which recognizes gains and losses in the fair value of assets over a four-year period, to calculate expected return on assets.  

At December 31, 2022, the calculated value of the assets of Kodak’s major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was approximately $4.1 billion and the fair value of the assets of Kodak’s major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was approximately $4.2 billion.  Asset gains and losses that are not yet reflected in the calculated value of plan assets are not included in amortization of unrecognized gains and losses.

Kodak’s major U.S. defined benefit pension plan accounts for substantially all of Kodak’s net pension income and represents approximately 87% of the total fair value of major plan assets as of December 31, 2022. The following table presents actual and expected return on plan assets, as well as the corresponding percentages for Kodak’s major U.S. defined benefit pension plan:

The actual rate of return on Kodak’s major U.S. defined benefit pension plan for 2022 was (6.1%), lower than the expected rate of return of 5.3%, driven by lower than expected bond performance due to rising interest rates. For 2021 the actual rate of return exceeded the expected rate of return driven by higher returns for the U.S. Plan’s private equity and hedge fund portfolio. For 2020 the actual rate of return exceeded the expected rate of return driven by strong stock and bond market performance as well as realized gains recorded from derivative investments held by the U.S. Plan. The expected average rate of return on plan assets is a long-term, forward-looking assumption and will likely differ from the actual return in any specific year.

Gains or losses from direct investments in derivative instruments by Kodak’s major U.S defined benefit pension plan can be volatile from year to year and could materially affect the fair value of plan assets. The total net realized (losses) gains from these derivative investments that were included in the actual return on plan assets balance in the table above for the years ending December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were approximately ($128) million, $(23) million and $159 million, respectively. Refer to the Derivative Instruments discussion below for additional information.

Approximately $2.6 billion and $3.4 billion of the total fair value of Kodak’s major U.S. defined pension plan as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, represents plan assets where the fair market value is not readily determinable and are measured using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share expedient. Except for investments in private equity funds and real estate funds, the remaining investments have redemption rights and can be, and historically have been, redeemed by the U.S. Plan at NAV. For private equity funds and real estate funds, the investors do not have an option to redeem their interest in these funds but rather receive distributions from time to time through the liquidation of the underlying investments in the funds. Secondary sales of a material portion of the investments in these funds are infrequent and historically, immaterial portions of these funds were sold for values not significantly different from NAV.

Discount Rates:

Generally, Kodak bases the discount rate assumption for its significant plans on high quality corporate bond yields in the respective countries as of the measurement date.  Specifically, for its U.S., Canadian, Euro-zone and UK plans, Kodak determines a discount rate using a cash flow model to incorporate the expected timing of benefit payments and an AA-rated corporate bond yield curve.  For Kodak’s U.S. Plan, the Citigroup Above Median Pension Discount Curve is used.  For Kodak’s non-U.S. plans, discount rates are determined by comparison to published local high-quality bond yields or indices considering estimated plan duration and removing any outlying bonds, as warranted.

Changes in discount rates for Kodak’s major U.S. defined benefit plan has the most significant effect on the total projected benefit obligations for Kodak.

The table below shows the discount rates for Kodak’s major U.S. pension plan for the years shown:

As discount rates reflect the market rate on the measurement date, the rates can be volatile from year to year. The increase in the discount rate for Kodak’s major U.S. defined benefit pension plan from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 resulted in a decrease in the projected benefit obligation of approximately $582 million at December 31, 2022. The increase in the discount rate for the U.S. Plan from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021 resulted in a decrease in the projected benefit obligation of approximately $105 million at December 31, 2021.

Sensitivity Analysis:

The following table illustrates the sensitivity to a change to certain key assumptions used in the calculation of expense for the year ending December 31, 2023 and the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) at December 31, 2022 for Kodak's major U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:

Total pension income from continuing operations before special termination benefits, curtailments and settlements for the major U.S. defined benefit pension plan was $88 million for 2022 and is expected to be approximately $148 million in 2023. The increase in pension income for 2023 is driven by an anticipated higher expected rate of return on plan assets than experienced in 2022. Pension expense from continuing operations before special termination benefits, curtailments and settlements for the major non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans was $8 million for 2022 and is projected to be $3 million in 2023.

Derivative Instruments:

Kodak’s major U.S. defined benefit plan utilizes derivative investments primarily to hedge liability interest rate risk to U.S. government bonds. Kodak’s major U.S. defined benefit pension plan’s derivative portfolio consists of exchange traded futures contracts. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 the notional amount of these derivative instruments approximated $389 million and $1.0 billion, respectively. Daily variation margin payments are made to or received from the counterparty for changes in the market value of futures contracts and are recorded as realized gains and losses in the Gain on Plan Assets balance. As these futures contracts have short-term maturities, the fair value of these derivative instruments at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0 million and $10 million, respectively, which represents the unrealized gains and losses on these contracts. Refer to Note 20, “Retirement Plans” in the Notes to Financial Statements for additional information.

An increase in interest rates is the primary factor that could precipitate material losses in the U.S. Plan’s existing derivatives portfolio. A 25-basis point increase in interest rates would cause a loss from the government bond derivatives of approximately $7 million. However, as illustrated in the above table, a 25-basis point increase in the discount rate used to measure the PBO of the U.S. Plan would cause a $44 million decrease in the PBO. Accordingly, while an increase in interest rates would expose the U.S. Plan’s derivative investments to losses, it would also likely result in an offsetting decrease the U.S. Plan’s PBO.

Kodak’s major U.S. defined benefit plan invests in a diversified portfolio of hedge funds that utilize a variety of investment strategies. The total net asset value of these hedge funds was approximately $1.5 billion and $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively. Separate from the U.S. Plan’s direct investments in exchange traded futures contracts, hedge funds may utilize derivative instruments to execute their investment strategy.

Any gains or losses, as well as changes in the fair value of derivative investments held by the hedge fund, are included in the hedge fund’s net asset value. Losses could occur in the future from hedge fund investments which may result in part from the use of derivative investments by the hedge funds. However, the maximum potential loss on any individual fund would be limited to the U.S. Plan’s investment in that fund.

Workers’ Compensation

The estimated liability for workers’ compensation is based on actuarially estimated discounted cost of claims, including claims incurred but not reported. Historical loss development factors are utilized to project the future development of incurred losses, and the amounts are adjusted based on actual claim experience, settlements, claim development trends, changes in state regulations and judicial interpretations.

Changes in discount rates is the primary driver for changes in workers’ compensation reserves. Kodak decreased workers’ compensation reserves by approximately $13 million and $4 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, driven by changes in discount rates. A 25 basis-point change in the discount rate would have had a $1 million impact on the expense and net liability as of December 31, 2022.

Stock Compensation

Kodak recorded stock compensation expense of $5 million, $7 million and $15 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Compensation expense is recognized over the service or performance period for each separately vesting tranche of the award and is adjusted for actual forfeitures before vesting.

Compensation cost related to restricted stock units and restricted stock awards was $4 million, $5 million and $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The fair value of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards is based on the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Changes in the fair value of restricted stock units and restricted stock awards is driven by the volatility of the Company’s stock price and the number of awards issued.

Compensation cost related to stock options for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $1 million, $2 million and $14 million, respectively. Except for the awards granted on July 27, 2020, which resulted in approximately $12.6 million of compensation expense being recognized in the year ended December 31, 2020, Kodak utilizes the Black-Scholes option valuation model to estimate the fair value of stock options. Changes in the fair value of stock options is primarily driven by the volatility of the Company’s stock price.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Judgment is required to assess the ultimate demand for and realizable value of inventory. The analysis of inventory carrying values considers several factors including length of time inventory is on hand, historical sales, product shelf life, product life cycle, product category, and product obsolescence.

New Accounting Pronouncements

A description of new accounting pronouncements is contained in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Kodak, as a result of its global operating and financing activities, is exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates, which may adversely affect its results of operations and financial position. In seeking to minimize the risks associated with such activities, Kodak may enter into derivative contracts. Kodak does not utilize financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Foreign currency forward contracts are used to hedge existing foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, especially those of Kodak’s international finance center, as well as forecasted foreign currency denominated intercompany sales.

Kodak’s exposure to changes in interest rates results from its investing and borrowing activities used to meet its liquidity needs. Long-term debt is generally used to finance long-term investments, while short-term debt is used to meet working capital requirements.

Using a sensitivity analysis based on estimated fair value of open foreign currency forward contracts using available forward rates, if the U.S. dollar had been 10% stronger at December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of open forward contracts would have decreased $11 million and $14 million, respectively. Such changes in fair value would be substantially offset by the revaluation or settlement of the underlying positions hedged.

The majority of the Company’s debt is fixed rate debt. The fair market value of fixed-rate debt is sensitive to changes in interest rates. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, a 10% change in market interest rates would change the fair value of the Company’s debt by approximately $1 million in each period.

Kodak’s financial instrument counterparties are high-quality investment or commercial banks with significant experience with such instruments. Kodak manages exposure to counterparty credit risk by requiring specific minimum credit standards and diversification of counterparties. Kodak has procedures to monitor the credit exposure amounts. The maximum credit exposure at December 31, 2022 was not significant to Kodak.

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in millions)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(in millions)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(in millions, except share data)