EBAY INC - Quarter Report: 2023 March (Form 10-Q)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
OR
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission file number 001-37713
eBay Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 77-0430924 | |||||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||||||
| 2025 Hamilton Avenue | ||||||||||||||
| San Jose | , | California | 95125 | |||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||||||||
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(408) 376-7108
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of exchange on which registered | ||||||
| Common stock | EBAY | The Nasdaq Global Select Market | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | |||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ | |||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 24, 2023, there were 534,503,131 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding, which is the only class of common or voting stock of the registrant issued.
eBay Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||||||||
| PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||||||||
| PART II: OTHER INFORMATION | ||||||||
2
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1: Financial Statements (unaudited)
Index
| Page | |||||
3
eBay Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions, except par value) | |||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,082 | $ | 2,154 | |||||||
| Short-term investments | 1,922 | 2,625 | |||||||||
| Equity investment in Adevinta | 2,866 | 2,692 | |||||||||
| Customer accounts and funds receivable | 779 | 763 | |||||||||
| Other current assets | 949 | 1,056 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 8,598 | 9,290 | |||||||||
| Long-term investments | 1,657 | 1,797 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 1,235 | 1,238 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 4,287 | 4,262 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 486 | 513 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 3,111 | 3,169 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 630 | 581 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 20,004 | $ | 20,850 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Short-term debt | $ | — | $ | 1,150 | |||||||
| Accounts payable | 280 | 261 | |||||||||
| Customer accounts and funds payable | 792 | 768 | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 1,829 | 1,866 | |||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 305 | 226 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 3,206 | 4,271 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 395 | 418 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | 2,226 | 2,245 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 7,721 | 7,721 | |||||||||
| Other liabilities | 1,069 | 1,042 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 14,617 | 15,697 | |||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 3,580 shares authorized; 536 and 539 shares outstanding | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 17,364 | 17,279 | |||||||||
Treasury stock at cost, 1,191 and 1,186 shares | (46,954) | (46,702) | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 34,744 | 34,315 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 231 | 259 | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 5,387 | 5,153 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 20,004 | $ | 20,850 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
eBay Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 2,510 | $ | 2,483 | |||||||
| Cost of net revenues | 700 | 689 | |||||||||
| Gross profit | 1,810 | 1,794 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 511 | 478 | |||||||||
| Product development | 352 | 301 | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 297 | 226 | |||||||||
| Provision for transaction losses | 84 | 96 | |||||||||
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 8 | 1 | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 1,252 | 1,102 | |||||||||
| Income from operations | 558 | 692 | |||||||||
| Gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net | 198 | (2,291) | |||||||||
| Interest and other, net | (26) | (50) | |||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 730 | (1,649) | |||||||||
| Income tax benefit (provision) | (161) | 310 | |||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations | 569 | (1,339) | |||||||||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | (2) | (2) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 567 | $ | (1,341) | |||||||
| Income (loss) per share - basic: | |||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | 1.06 | $ | (2.28) | |||||||
| Discontinued operations | — | — | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - basic | $ | 1.06 | $ | (2.28) | |||||||
| Income (loss) per share - diluted: | |||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | 1.05 | $ | (2.28) | |||||||
| Discontinued operations | — | — | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - diluted | $ | 1.05 | $ | (2.28) | |||||||
| Weighted-average shares: | |||||||||||
| Basic | 537 | 587 | |||||||||
| Diluted | 541 | 587 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
eBay Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 567 | $ | (1,341) | |||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of reclassification adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gains (losses) | 1 | (34) | |||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net | 19 | (51) | |||||||||
| Tax benefit (expense) on unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net | (6) | 13 | |||||||||
| Unrealized gains (losses) on hedging activities, net | (53) | 20 | |||||||||
| Tax benefit (expense) on unrealized gains (losses) on hedging activities, net | 11 | (4) | |||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (28) | (56) | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 539 | $ | (1,397) | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
eBay Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Common stock: | |||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | 2 | $ | 2 | |||||||
| Common stock issued | — | — | |||||||||
| Common stock repurchased | — | — | |||||||||
| Balance, end of period | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital: | |||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | 17,279 | 16,659 | |||||||||
| Common stock and stock-based awards issued | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Tax withholdings related to net share settlements of restricted stock units and awards | (48) | (61) | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 128 | 111 | |||||||||
| Forward contract for share repurchases | — | 188 | |||||||||
| Other | 5 | 6 | |||||||||
| Balance, end of period | 17,364 | 16,904 | |||||||||
| Treasury stock at cost: | |||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | (46,702) | (43,371) | |||||||||
| Common stock repurchased | (252) | (1,438) | |||||||||
| Balance, end of period | (46,954) | (44,809) | |||||||||
| Retained earnings: | |||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | 34,315 | 36,090 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 567 | (1,341) | |||||||||
| Dividends and dividend equivalents declared | (138) | (134) | |||||||||
| Balance, end of period | 34,744 | 34,615 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | 259 | 398 | |||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | 1 | (34) | |||||||||
| Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 19 | (51) | |||||||||
| Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments | (53) | 20 | |||||||||
| Tax benefit (provision) on above items | 5 | 9 | |||||||||
| Balance, end of period | 231 | 342 | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 5,387 | $ | 7,054 | |||||||
| Dividends and dividend equivalents declared per share or restricted stock unit | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.22 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
eBay Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 567 | $ | (1,341) | |||||||
| Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Provision for transaction losses | 84 | 96 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 107 | 118 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 128 | 111 | |||||||||
| Loss (gain) on investments and other, net | (4) | 6 | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 33 | (376) | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant | (38) | 115 | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity investment in Adevinta | (174) | 1,643 | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity investment in Adyen | — | 246 | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity investment in Gmarket | 11 | 182 | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity investment in KakaoBank | 3 | 99 | |||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisition effects | 122 | (272) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by continuing operating activities | 841 | 629 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in discontinued operating activities | — | (16) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 841 | 613 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (132) | (83) | |||||||||
| Purchases of investments | (3,543) | (5,475) | |||||||||
| Maturities and sales of investments | 4,404 | 6,827 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of shares in Adyen | — | 473 | |||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of shares in KakaoBank | — | 27 | |||||||||
| Other | (28) | 3 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by continuing investing activities | 701 | 1,772 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by discontinued investing activities | — | — | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities | 701 | 1,772 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | (242) | (1,069) | |||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net share settlements of restricted stock units and awards | (92) | (61) | |||||||||
| Payments for dividends | (134) | (129) | |||||||||
| Repayment of debt | (1,150) | (750) | |||||||||
| Net funds receivable and payable activity | 229 | 56 | |||||||||
| Other | 1 | — | |||||||||
| Net cash used in continuing financing activities | (1,388) | (1,952) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in discontinued financing activities | — | — | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (1,388) | (1,952) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 5 | (18) | |||||||||
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 159 | 415 | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 2,272 | 1,406 | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 2,431 | $ | 1,821 | |||||||
| Less: Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of discontinued operations | — | — | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of continuing operations at end of period | $ | 2,431 | $ | 1,821 | |||||||
8
eBay Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS—(Continued)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Supplemental cash flow disclosures: | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for: | |||||||||||
| Interest | $ | 60 | $ | 80 | |||||||
| Income taxes | $ | 29 | $ | 35 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
9
Note 1 — The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company
eBay Inc. is a global commerce leader that connects people and builds communities to create economic opportunity for all. Our technology empowers millions of buyers and sellers in more than 190 markets around the world, providing everyone the opportunity to grow and thrive. Founded in 1995 in San Jose, California, eBay is one of the world's largest and most vibrant marketplaces for discovering great value and unique selection.
When we refer to “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” or “eBay” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we mean the current Delaware corporation (eBay Inc.) and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to provisions for transaction losses, legal contingencies, income taxes, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, investments including level 3 investments in Gmarket Global LLC (“Gmarket”), warrants and the recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The accompanying financial statements are consolidated and include the financial statements of eBay Inc., our wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIE”) where we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Minority interests are recorded as a noncontrolling interest. A qualitative approach is applied to assess the consolidation requirement for VIEs. Generally, investments in entities where we hold at least a 20% ownership interest and have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee are accounted for using the equity method of accounting, including those in which the fair value option has been elected.
For equity method investments, our share of the investees’ results of operations is included in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net and investment balances are included in long-term investments. For equity investments under the fair value option, the change in fair value of the investment is included in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net and investment balances are included in long-term investments, other than our equity interest in Adevinta ASA (“Adevinta”) which is included in the short-term assets section on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Investments in entities where we hold less than a 20% ownership interest are generally accounted for as equity investments to be measured at fair value or, under an election, at cost if it does not have readily determinable fair value, in which case the carrying value would be adjusted upon the occurrence of an observable price change in an orderly transaction for identical or similar instruments or impairment.
Upon the transfer of our Classifieds business to Adevinta in 2021, shares in Adevinta were included as part of total consideration received under the definitive agreement. The equity interest in Adevinta is accounted for under the fair value option. Additionally, upon completion of the sale of 80.01% of the outstanding equity interests of eBay Korea LLC (“eBay Korea”) to Emart Inc. (“Emart”) in 2021, we retained 19.99% of the outstanding equity interests of the new entity, Gmarket, which is accounted for under the fair value option. Subsequent changes in fair value for these equity investments are included in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net on our consolidated statement of income.
10
These condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. We have evaluated all subsequent events through the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for the fair statement of the condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for these interim periods.
Significant Accounting Policies
There were no significant changes to our significant accounting policies disclosed in “Note 1 — The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new guidance to clarify the fair value measurement guidance for equity securities subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security. Further, the guidance introduces new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value. The standard will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim reporting periods within those fiscal years. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
11
Note 2 — Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive common stock outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of outstanding options and equity incentive awards is reflected in diluted net income (loss) per share by application of the treasury stock method. The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share excludes all anti-dilutive shares of common stock.
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the periods indicated (in millions, except per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 569 | $ | (1,339) | |||||||
| (Loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | (2) | (2) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 567 | $ | (1,341) | |||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock - basic | 537 | 587 | |||||||||
| Dilutive effect of equity incentive awards | 4 | — | |||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock - diluted | 541 | 587 | |||||||||
| Income (loss) per share - basic: | |||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | 1.06 | $ | (2.28) | |||||||
| Discontinued operations | — | — | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - basic | $ | 1.06 | $ | (2.28) | |||||||
| Income (loss) per share - diluted: | |||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | 1.05 | $ | (2.28) | |||||||
| Discontinued operations | — | — | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share - diluted | $ | 1.05 | $ | (2.28) | |||||||
| Common stock equivalents excluded from income (loss) per diluted share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive | 12 | 7 | |||||||||
12
Note 3 — Business Combinations
Acquisition of TCGplayer
In 2022, we completed the acquisition of TCGplayer, a trusted marketplace for collectible card game enthusiasts. In 2023, we recorded measurement period adjustments related to the revised valuation of the intangible assets acquired. The following table presents the revised allocation of the aggregate purchase consideration (in millions):
| TCGplayer | |||||
| Goodwill | $ | 148 | |||
| Purchased intangible assets | 109 | ||||
| Deferred taxes | (18) | ||||
| Total | $ | 239 | |||
The goodwill recognized is primarily attributable to expected synergies and the assembled workforce of TCGplayer. We generally do not expect goodwill to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Our consolidated financial statements include the operating results of the acquired business from the date of acquisition. Separate operating results and pro forma results of operations for the acquisition above have not been presented as the effect of this acquisition is not material to our financial results.
13
Note 4 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table presents goodwill activity for the period indicated (in millions):
| December 31, 2022 | Goodwill Acquired | Adjustments | March 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | $ | 4,262 | $ | 20 | $ | 5 | $ | 4,287 | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2023 relates to the acquisition of 3PM Shield, a provider of AI-based marketplace compliance solutions, on February 13, 2023 and the revised valuation of the intangible assets acquired from the 2022 acquisition of TCGplayer. The adjustments to goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2023 were primarily due to foreign currency translation.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are reported within other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The following table presents components of identifiable intangible assets as of the dates indicated (in millions, except years):
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | Weighted Average Useful Life (Years) | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | Weighted Average Useful Life (Years) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer lists and user base | $ | 246 | $ | (196) | $ | 50 | 8 | $ | 190 | $ | (190) | $ | — | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing related | 81 | (55) | 26 | 6 | 68 | (53) | 15 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technologies | 235 | (179) | 56 | 4 | 275 | (177) | 98 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other | 159 | (157) | 2 | 3 | 159 | (157) | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 721 | $ | (587) | $ | 134 | $ | 692 | $ | (577) | $ | 115 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $10 million and $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The following table presents expected future intangible asset amortization as of the date indicated (in millions):
| March 31, 2023 | ||||||||
| Remaining 2023 | $ | 25 | ||||||
| 2024 | 33 | |||||||
| 2025 | 30 | |||||||
| 2026 | 21 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 25 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 134 | ||||||
14
Note 5 — Segments
We have one operating and reportable segment. Our reportable segment is Marketplace, which includes our online marketplace located at www.ebay.com, its localized counterparts and the eBay suite of mobile apps. Our management and our chief operating decision maker review financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating performance and do not evaluate using asset information.
The accounting policies of our segment are the same as those described in “Note 1 — The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
The following table summarizes the allocation of net revenues based on geography for the periods indicated (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 1,261 | $ | 1,226 | |||||||
| United Kingdom | 381 | 418 | |||||||||
| Germany | 252 | 273 | |||||||||
| Rest of world | 616 | 566 | |||||||||
| Total net revenues | $ | 2,510 | $ | 2,483 | |||||||
Net revenues, inclusive of the effects of foreign exchange during each period, are attributed to U.S. and international geographies primarily based upon the country in which the seller, platform that displays advertising, other service provider or customer, as the case may be, is located.
15
Note 6 — Investments
The following tables summarize the unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of our investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities and restricted cash as of the dates indicated (in millions):
| March 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | $ | 41 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 41 | |||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 1,649 | — | (6) | 1,643 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government and agency securities | 141 | — | (4) | 137 | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,831 | $ | — | $ | (10) | $ | 1,821 | ||||||||||||||||
| Long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | $ | 5 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 5 | |||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 515 | — | (30) | 485 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government and agency securities | 625 | — | (39) | 586 | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,145 | $ | — | $ | (69) | $ | 1,076 | ||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | $ | 36 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 36 | |||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 2,355 | — | (5) | 2,350 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government and agency securities | 141 | — | (6) | 135 | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 2,532 | $ | — | $ | (11) | $ | 2,521 | ||||||||||||||||
| Long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | $ | 13 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 13 | |||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 686 | — | (40) | 646 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government and agency securities | 604 | — | (47) | 557 | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,303 | $ | — | $ | (87) | $ | 1,216 | ||||||||||||||||
We consider cash to be restricted when withdrawal or general use is legally restricted. Restricted cash is held in interest bearing accounts for letters of credit related to our global sabbatical program and for certain amounts related to other compensation arrangements held in escrow. Our fixed-income investments consist of predominantly investment grade corporate debt securities and government and agency securities. The corporate debt and government and agency securities that we invest in are generally deemed to be low risk based on their credit ratings from the major rating agencies.
The longer the duration of these securities, the more susceptible they are to changes in market interest rates and bond yields. As interest rates increase, those securities purchased at a lower yield show a mark-to-market unrealized loss. The unrealized losses are due primarily to changes in credit spreads and interest rates. We regularly review investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment using both qualitative and quantitative criteria. Investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with changes reflected in other comprehensive income. Where there is an intention or a requirement to sell an impaired available-for-sale debt security, the entire impairment is recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the amortized cost basis of the security. From time to time, we sell available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position and recognize an immaterial loss.
16
We regularly review investment securities for credit impairment using both qualitative and quantitative criteria. In making this assessment, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, any adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses will be recorded through interest and other, net for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. We did not recognize any credit-related impairment through an allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2023.
Investment securities in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months had an estimated fair value of $1.5 billion and unrealized losses of $2 million as of March 31, 2023, and an estimated fair value of $2.8 billion and unrealized losses of $32 million as of December 31, 2022. Investment securities in a continuous loss position for greater than 12 months had an estimated fair value of $1.4 billion and unrealized losses of $77 million as of March 31, 2023, and an estimated fair value of $952 million and unrealized losses of $66 million as of December 31, 2022. Refer to “Note 15 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” for amounts reclassified to earnings from unrealized gains and losses.
The following table presents estimated fair values of our short-term and long-term investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities and restricted cash by date of contractual maturity as of the date indicated (in millions):
| March 31, 2023 | |||||
One year or less (including restricted cash of $41) | $ | 1,821 | |||
One year through two years (including restricted cash of $5) | 639 | ||||
| Two years through three years | 307 | ||||
| Three years through four years | 130 | ||||
| Total | $ | 2,897 | |||
Equity Investments
The following table summarizes our equity investments as of the dates indicated (in millions):
| Balance Sheet Location | March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Equity investments with readily determinable fair values | Short-term investments | $ | 101 | $ | 104 | ||||||||||||
| Equity investment in Adevinta | Equity investment in Adevinta | 2,866 | 2,692 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity investments under the fair value option | Long-term investments | 460 | 461 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity investments under the equity method of accounting | Long-term investments | 35 | 34 | ||||||||||||||
| Equity investments without readily determinable fair values | Long-term investments | 86 | 86 | ||||||||||||||
| Total equity investments | $ | 3,548 | $ | 3,377 | |||||||||||||
Equity investment in Adevinta
We account for equity investments through which we exercise significant influence but do not have control over the investee under the fair value option or under the equity method. Our equity investment in Adevinta is accounted for under the fair value option.
17
Upon completion of the transfer of our Classifieds business to Adevinta in 2021, we received an equity investment of 44% in Adevinta valued at $10.8 billion at the close of the transfer. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed the sale of approximately 135 million of our voting shares in Adevinta to Permira, inclusive of the option exercised by Permira to purchase additional voting shares, for total cash consideration of approximately $2.3 billion which reduced our ownership in Adevinta to 33%. Following the close of the share sale, our equity investment in Adevinta was reported in the long-term assets section on the condensed consolidated balance sheet to reflect our contractual requirement to retain at least 25% of the total number of issued and outstanding equity securities of Adevinta until October 14, 2023, subject to certain exceptions specified in the agreement. As of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023, our equity investment in Adevinta is reported in the short-term assets section on the condensed consolidated balance sheet since our contractual requirement ends within twelve months of the balance sheet date.
At the initial recognition of the equity investment, we elected the fair value option where subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. The investment is classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as the valuation can be obtained from real time quotes in active markets. The fair value of the equity investment is measured based on Adevinta’s closing stock price and prevailing foreign exchange rate at each balance sheet date and the changes in fair value are reflected in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net in the condensed consolidated statement of income. We believe the fair value option election creates more transparency of the current value in the equity investment in Adevinta.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, unrealized gains of $174 million were recorded in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net on our condensed consolidated statement of income related to the change in fair value of the investment compared to $1,643 million of unrealized losses recorded during the same period in 2022. The fair value of the investment was $2,866 million and $2,692 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Equity investments with readily determinable fair values
Equity investments with readily determinable fair values are classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as the valuation can be obtained from real time quotes in active markets. Subsequent changes in fair value are reflected in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net in the condensed consolidated statement of income.
The fair value of the equity investment in KakaoBank Corp. (“KakaoBank”) is measured based on closing stock price and prevailing foreign exchange rate at each balance sheet date. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, unrealized losses of $3 million and $91 million, respectively, were recorded in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net on our condensed consolidated statement of income related to the change in fair value of the investment. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we sold a portion of our shares in KakaoBank for $45 million and recorded a realized gain on the change in fair value of shares sold of $8 million in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net. The fair value of the investment was $101 million and $104 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is reported within short-term investments in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
We entered into a warrant agreement in conjunction with a commercial agreement with Adyen that vests in a series of four tranches, at a specified price per share upon meeting processing volume milestone targets on a calendar year basis. When a relevant milestone is reached, the warrant becomes exercisable with respect to the corresponding tranche of warrant shares up until the warrant expiration date of January 31, 2025. We met the processing volume milestone target to vest the first tranche of the warrant and in the third quarter of 2022, we sold the remainder of our shares in Adyen. Refer to “Note 7 — Derivative Instruments” for more information about the warrant.
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Equity investments under the fair value option
We account for equity investments through which we exercise significant influence but do not have control over the investee under the fair value option or under the equity method. Our equity investment in Gmarket and certain other immaterial equity investments are accounted for under the fair value option.
In the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed the sale of 80.01% of the outstanding equity interests of eBay Korea to Emart. Upon completion of the sale, we retained 19.99% of the outstanding equity interest of the new entity, Gmarket, over whom we are able to exercise significant influence based on the terms of the securities purchase agreement, including through our board representation. Our equity investment in Gmarket was valued at $728 million as of the transaction close date. At the initial recognition of this equity investment, we elected the fair value option where subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net in the condensed consolidated statement of income. We believe the fair value option election creates more transparency of the current value in the equity investment in Gmarket. Our retained investment in Gmarket is subject to a year right held by Emart to purchase the remaining interest at or near the closing price of the sale.
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, unrealized losses of $11 million and $182 million, respectively, were recorded in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net on our condensed consolidated statement of income related to the change in fair value of the investment. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the investment was $420 million and $431 million, respectively and is reported within long-term investments in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
The investment is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as the valuation reflects management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the equity investment. Certain other immaterial equity investments aggregating to $40 million as of March 31, 2023 are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient, and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. Refer to “Note 8 — Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities” for more information.
Other equity method investments
We account for equity investments through which we exercise significant influence but do not have control over the investee under the fair value option or under the equity method. For equity investments accounted for under the equity method, our consolidated results of operations include, as a component of interest and other, net, our share of the net income or loss of the equity investments. For equity investments accounted for under the fair value option, the change in fair value is included in our consolidated results of operations as a component of gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net.
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values
The following table summarizes the change in total carrying value related to equity investments without readily determinable fair values held for the periods indicated (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Carrying value, beginning of period | $ | 86 | $ | 85 | |||||||
| Downward adjustments for observable price changes and impairment | — | (7) | |||||||||
| Carrying value, end of period | $ | 86 | $ | 78 | |||||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, no downward adjustments to the carrying value of a strategic investment in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net were recorded on our condensed consolidated statement of income.
19
For such equity investments without readily determinable fair values held as of March 31, 2023, the cumulative upward adjustment for observable price changes was $41 million and cumulative downward adjustment for observable price changes and impairments was $298 million.
The following table summarizes unrealized gains and losses related to equity investments held as of March 31, 2023 and presented within gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net for the periods indicated (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments | $ | 160 | $ | (2,177) | |||||||
| Less: Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity investments sold during the period | — | (174) | |||||||||
Total unrealized gains (losses) on equity investments held, end of period | $ | 160 | $ | (2,003) | |||||||
20
Note 7 — Derivative Instruments
Our primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility of earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. These hedging contracts reduce, but do not entirely eliminate, the impact of adverse foreign exchange rate and interest rate movements. We do not use any of our derivative instruments for trading purposes.
We use foreign currency exchange contracts to reduce the volatility of cash flows related to forecasted revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, including intercompany balances denominated in foreign currencies. These contracts are generally one month to one year in duration but with maturities up to 24 months. The objective of the foreign exchange contracts is to ensure that ultimately the U.S. dollar-equivalent cash flows are not adversely affected by changes in the applicable U.S. dollar/foreign currency exchange rate. We evaluate the effectiveness of our foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow or net investment hedges on a quarterly basis.
In 2022, we entered into derivative instruments to hedge the variability of forecasted interest payments on anticipated debt issuance using forward-starting interest rate swaps. These interest rate swaps effectively fixed the benchmark interest rate and had the economic effect of hedging the variability of forecasted interest payments for up to ten years on an anticipated debt issuance. Similar to other cash flow hedges, we recorded changes in the fair value of these interest rate swaps in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) until the anticipated debt issuance. As described in “Note 9 — Debt”, in 2022, we issued $1.2 billion of senior unsecured notes, which consisted of notes maturing in 2025, 2027 and 2032. As a result, we terminated the interest rate swaps and the gain associated with the termination of approximately $25 million is amortized to interest expense over the term of our notes due in November 2032.
Cash Flow Hedges
For derivative instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges, the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of AOCI and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same period the forecasted hedged transaction affects earnings. Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges must be de-designated as hedges when it is probable the forecasted hedged transaction will not occur in the initially identified time period or within a subsequent two-month time period. Unrealized gains and losses in AOCI associated with such derivative instruments are immediately reclassified into earnings. As of March 31, 2023, we have estimated that approximately $18 million of net derivative gains related to our foreign exchange cash flow hedges and $8 million of net derivative gains related to our interest rate cash flow hedges included in AOCI will be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months. We classify cash flows related to our cash flow hedges as operating activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
Non-Designated Hedges
Our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments consist of foreign currency forward contracts that we primarily use to hedge monetary assets or liabilities, including intercompany balances and equity investments denominated in non-functional currencies. The gains and losses on our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are recorded in interest and other, net, which are offset by the foreign currency gains and losses on the related assets and liabilities that are also recorded in interest and other, net. We classify cash flows related to our non-designated hedging instruments in the same line item as the cash flows of the related assets or liabilities, which is generally within operating activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. Cash flows related to the settlement of non-designated hedging instruments related to equity investments are classified within investing activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
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Warrant
We entered into a warrant agreement in conjunction with a commercial agreement with Adyen that, subject to meeting certain conditions, entitles us to acquire a fixed number of shares up to 5% of Adyen’s fully diluted issued and outstanding share capital at a specific date. The warrant has a term of seven years and vests in a series of four tranches, at a specified price per share (fixed for the first two tranches) upon meeting processing volume milestone targets on a calendar year basis. When or if a relevant milestone is reached, the warrant becomes exercisable with respect to the corresponding tranche of warrant shares up until the warrant expiration date of January 31, 2025. The maximum number of tranches that can vest in one calendar year is two.
The warrant is accounted for as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. We report the warrant at fair value within other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheet and changes in the fair value of the warrant are recognized in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net in our condensed consolidated statement of income. The day-one value attributable to the other side of the warrant, which was recorded as a deferred credit, is reported within other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet and is amortized over the life of the commercial arrangement. See “Note 8 — Fair Value Measurements” for information about the fair value measurement of the warrant.
Fair Value of Derivative Contracts
The following table presents fair values of our outstanding derivative instruments as of the dates indicated (in millions):
| Balance Sheet Location | March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| Derivative Assets: | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | Other current assets | $ | 49 | $ | 89 | ||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments | Other current assets | 8 | 18 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges | Other current assets | — | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Warrant | Other assets | 252 | 214 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | Other assets | 5 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
| Total derivative assets | $ | 314 | $ | 336 | |||||||||||||
| Derivative Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | Other current liabilities | $ | 10 | $ | 12 | ||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments | Other current liabilities | 22 | 34 | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | Other liabilities | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Total derivative liabilities | $ | 32 | $ | 47 | |||||||||||||
| Total fair value of derivative instruments | $ | 282 | $ | 289 | |||||||||||||
Under the master netting agreements with the respective counterparties to our derivative contracts, subject to applicable requirements, we are allowed to net settle transactions of the same type with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. However, we have elected to present the derivative assets and derivative liabilities on a gross basis on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2023, the potential effect of rights of set-off associated with the foreign exchange contracts would be an offset to both assets and liabilities by $22 million, resulting in net derivative assets of $40 million and net derivative liabilities of $10 million. As of March 31, 2023, there was no potential effect of rights of set-off associated with the interest rate contracts as there were no asset positions.
22
Effect of Derivative Contracts on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following tables present the activity of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges gross of tax as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and the impact of these derivative contracts on AOCI for the periods indicated (in millions):
| December 31, 2022 | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income | Less: Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified From AOCI to Earnings | March 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | $ | 52 | $ | (21) | $ | 28 | $ | 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges | 62 | — | 4 | 58 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 114 | $ | (21) | $ | 32 | $ | 61 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income | Less: Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified From AOCI to Earnings | March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | $ | 25 | $ | 25 | $ | 6 | $ | 44 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges | 40 | 2 | 1 | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 65 | $ | 27 | $ | 7 | $ | 85 | |||||||||||||||
Effect of Derivative Contracts on Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income
The following table summarizes the total gain (loss) recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of income from our foreign exchange derivative contracts by location for the periods indicated (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| $ | 29 | $ | 6 | ||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges recognized in cost of net revenues | (1) | — | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments recognized in interest and other, net | (4) | 15 | |||||||||
| Total gain (loss) recognized from foreign exchange derivative contracts in the condensed consolidated statement of income | $ | 24 | $ | 21 | |||||||
The following table summarizes the total gain (loss) recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of income from our interest rate derivative contracts by location for the periods indicated (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Gain (loss) from interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges recognized in interest and other, net | $ | 4 | $ | 1 | |||||||
The following table summarizes the total gain (loss) recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of income due to changes in the fair value of the warrant for the periods indicated (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Gain (loss) attributable to changes in the fair value of warrant recognized in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net | $ | 38 | $ | (115) | |||||||
23
Notional Amounts of Derivative Contracts
Derivative transactions are measured in terms of the notional amount, but this amount is not recorded on the balance sheet and is not, when viewed in isolation, a meaningful measure of the risk profile of the instruments. The notional amount is generally not exchanged, but is used only as the basis on which the value of foreign exchange payments under these contracts are determined. The following table presents the notional amounts of our outstanding derivatives as of the dates indicated (in millions):
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges | $ | 1,430 | $ | 1,741 | |||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments | 2,169 | 2,181 | |||||||||
| Interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges | — | 400 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,599 | $ | 4,322 | |||||||
Credit Risk
Our derivatives expose us to credit risk to the extent that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the arrangement. We seek to mitigate such risk by limiting our counterparties to, and by spreading the risk across, major financial institutions. In addition, the potential risk of loss with any one counterparty resulting from this type of credit risk is monitored on an ongoing basis. To further limit credit risk, we also enter into collateral security arrangements related to certain interest rate derivative instruments whereby collateral is posted between counterparties if the fair value of the derivative instrument exceeds certain thresholds. Additional collateral would be required in the event of a significant credit downgrade by either party. We are not required to pledge, nor are we entitled to receive, collateral related to our foreign exchange derivative transactions.
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Note 8 — Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities
The following tables present our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated (in millions):
| March 31, 2023 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,082 | $ | 2,082 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | 41 | 41 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 1,643 | — | 1,643 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government and agency securities | 137 | — | 137 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investments with readily determinable fair values | 101 | 101 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total short-term investments | 1,922 | 142 | 1,780 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investment in Adevinta | 2,866 | 2,866 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | 314 | — | 62 | 252 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | 5 | 5 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 485 | — | 485 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government and agency securities | 586 | — | 586 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investment under the fair value option | 420 | — | — | 420 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term investments | 1,496 | 5 | 1,071 | 420 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | 8,680 | $ | 5,095 | $ | 2,913 | $ | 672 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | $ | 24 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 24 | |||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | $ | 32 | $ | — | $ | 32 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
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| December 31, 2022 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,154 | $ | 2,154 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | 36 | 36 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 2,350 | — | 2,350 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government and agency securities | 135 | — | 135 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investments with readily determinable fair values | 104 | 104 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total short-term investments | 2,625 | 140 | 2,485 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investment in Adevinta | 2,692 | 2,692 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | 336 | — | 122 | 214 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash | 13 | 13 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 646 | — | 646 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government and agency securities | 557 | — | 557 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investment under the fair value option | 431 | — | — | 431 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term investments | 1,647 | 13 | 1,203 | 431 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total financial assets | $ | 9,454 | $ | 4,999 | $ | 3,810 | $ | 645 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | $ | 14 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 14 | |||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | $ | 47 | $ | — | $ | 47 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
Our financial assets and liabilities are valued using market prices on both active markets (Level 1), less active markets (Level 2) and little or no market activity (Level 3). Level 1 instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets. Level 2 instrument valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments, identical instruments in less active markets, or models using market observable inputs. Level 3 instrument valuations typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. We did not have any transfers of financial instruments between valuation levels during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Other financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
Fair value measurement of derivative instruments
The majority of our derivative instruments are valued using pricing models that take into account the contract terms as well as multiple inputs where applicable, such as equity prices, interest rate yield curves, option volatility and currency rates. Our warrant, which is accounted for as a derivative instrument, is valued using a Black-Scholes model. Key assumptions used in the valuation include risk-free interest rates, Adyen’s common stock price, equity volatility and common stock outstanding, exercise price, and details specific to the warrant. The value is also probability adjusted for management’s assumptions with respect to vesting of the remaining three tranches which are each subject to meeting processing volume milestone targets. These assumptions and the probability of meeting processing volume milestone targets may have a significant impact on the value of the warrant. Refer to “Note 7 — Derivative Instruments” for further details on our derivative instruments.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of the opening to closing balance of assets measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of the dates indicated (in millions):
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Opening balance at beginning of period | $ | 214 | $ | 444 | |||||||
| Change in fair value | 38 | (230) | |||||||||
| Closing balance at end of period | $ | 252 | $ | 214 | |||||||
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the warrant as of March 31, 2023 (in millions, except percentages):
| Fair value | Valuation technique | Unobservable Input (1) | Range (weighted average) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrant | $ | 252 | Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo | Probability of vesting | 0.0% - 55.0% (48.2%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity volatility | (51%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Probability of vesting was weighted by the unadjusted value of the tranches. For volatility, the average represents the arithmetic average of the points within the range and is not weighted by the relative fair value or notional amount.
Fair value measurement of equity investments
Certain equity investments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including our equity investment in Adevinta, equity investments with readily determinable fair values and equity investments under the fair value option.
Our equity investment in Adevinta is accounted for under the fair value option and classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is measured based on Adevinta’s closing stock price and prevailing foreign exchange rate at each balance sheet date. Our equity investments with readily determinable fair values are also classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy as the valuation can be obtained from real time quotes in active markets.
Our equity investment in Gmarket is accounted for under the fair value option and is subject to a year right held by Emart from the date of disposal to purchase the remaining interest at or near the closing price of the sale.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the opening to closing balance of the equity investment in Gmarket measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of the dates indicated (in millions):
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| Opening balance at beginning of period | $ | 431 | $ | 725 | |||||||
| Change in fair value | (11) | (294) | |||||||||
| Closing balance at end of period | $ | 420 | $ | 431 | |||||||
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This investment is classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as valuation of the investment reflects management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset. The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the equity investment in Gmarket as of March 31, 2023 that may have a significant impact on the overall valuation (in millions, except multiples):
| Fair value | Valuation technique | Unobservable Input (1) | Range | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity investment in Gmarket | $ | 420 | Market multiples | Revenue multiple — GPC method | 1.0x — 1.6x | |||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue multiple — GMAC method | 1.0x — 4.1x | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) The primary unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our equity investment in Gmarket under the fair value option, when using the Guideline Public Company (GPC) method and the Guideline Merged and Acquired Company (GMAC) method under the market multiple approach, are the respective revenue multiples. Significant increases (decreases) in the revenue multiples in isolation would result in significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. The market multiples are derived from respective groups of guideline public companies and guideline merged and acquired companies.
Certain other immaterial equity investments under the fair value option aggregating to $40 million as of March 31, 2023 are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient, and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
Refer to “Note 6 — Investments” for further details about our equity investments.
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Note 9 — Debt
The following table summarizes the carrying value of our outstanding debt as of the dates indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Coupon | As of | Effective | As of | Effective | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rate | March 31, 2023 | Interest Rate | December 31, 2022 | Interest Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-Term Debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floating Rate Notes: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2023 | LIBOR plus 0.87% | $ | — | — | % | $ | 400 | 3.786 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Rate Notes: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2023 | 2.750 | % | — | — | % | 750 | 2.866 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2024 | 3.450 | % | 750 | 3.531 | % | 750 | 3.531 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2025 | 1.900 | % | 800 | 1.803 | % | 800 | 1.803 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2025 | 5.900 | % | 425 | 6.036 | % | 425 | 6.036 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2026 | 1.400 | % | 750 | 1.252 | % | 750 | 1.252 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2027 | 3.600 | % | 850 | 3.689 | % | 850 | 3.689 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2027 | 5.950 | % | 300 | 6.064 | % | 300 | 6.064 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2030 | 2.700 | % | 950 | 2.623 | % | 950 | 2.623 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2031 | 2.600 | % | 750 | 2.186 | % | 750 | 2.186 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2032 | 6.300 | % | 425 | 6.371 | % | 425 | 6.371 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2042 | 4.000 | % | 750 | 4.114 | % | 750 | 4.114 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes due 2051 | 3.650 | % | 1,000 | 2.517 | % | 1,000 | 2.517 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total senior notes | 7,750 | 8,900 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hedge accounting fair value adjustments (1) | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unamortized premium/(discount) and debt issuance costs | (33) | (34) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Current portion of long-term debt | — | (1,150) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term debt | 7,721 | 7,721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-Term Debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | — | 1,150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total short-term debt | — | 1,150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Debt | $ | 7,721 | $ | 8,871 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Includes the fair value adjustments to debt associated with terminated interest rate swaps which are being recorded as a reduction to interest expense over the remaining term of the related notes.
Senior Notes
In January 2023, we redeemed the $1.2 billion aggregate principal amount of the floating rate and 2.750% senior notes due 2023. Total cash consideration paid was $1.2 billion, as the redemption price was equal to 100% of the principal amount. In addition, we paid accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount.
In 2022, we redeemed the $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of the 2.600% and 3.800% senior notes due 2022. Total cash consideration paid was $1.4 billion, as the redemption price was equal to 100% of the principal amount. In addition, we paid accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount.
In 2022, we issued senior notes of $1.2 billion aggregate principal amount, which consisted of $425 million of 5.900% fixed rate notes due 2025, $300 million of 5.950% fixed rate notes due to 2027 and $425 million of 6.300% fixed rate notes due 2032.
We may redeem some or all of the fixed rate notes of each series at any time and from time to time prior to their maturity, generally at a make-whole redemption price, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
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If a change of control triggering event (as defined in the applicable senior notes) occurs with respect to the 3.450% fixed rate notes due 2024, the 1.900% fixed rate notes due 2025, the 5.900% fixed rate notes due 2025, the 1.400% fixed rate notes due 2026, the 3.600% fixed rate notes due 2027, the 5.950% fixed rate notes due 2027, the 2.700% fixed rate notes due 2030, the 2.600% fixed rate notes due 2031, the 6.300% fixed rate notes due 2032, the 4.000% fixed rate notes due 2042, or the 3.650% fixed rate notes due 2051, we must, subject to certain exceptions, offer to repurchase all of the notes of the applicable series at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
The indenture pursuant to which the senior notes were issued includes customary covenants that, among other things and subject to exceptions, limit our ability to incur, assume or guarantee debt secured by liens on specified assets or enter into sale and lease-back transactions with respect to specified properties, and also includes customary events of default with customary grace periods in certain circumstances, including payment defaults and bankruptcy-related defaults.
To help achieve our interest rate risk management objectives, during the second quarter of 2020, we entered into interest rate swap agreements that effectively converted $400 million of our LIBOR-based floating-rate debt to a fixed-rate basis. During the first quarter of 2023 we terminated the interest rate swap agreements upon redemption of the floating rate senior notes due 2023. During 2022, we entered into derivative instruments to hedge the variability of forecasted interest payments on anticipated debt issuance using forward-starting interest rate swaps. As described above, in 2022 we issued $1.2 billion of senior unsecured notes, which consisted of notes maturing in 2025, 2027 and 2032. As a result, we terminated the interest rate swaps and the gain associated with the termination of approximately $25 million is amortized to interest expense over the term of our notes due in November 2032.
The effective interest rates for our senior notes include the interest payable, the amortization of debt issuance costs and the amortization of any original issue discount and premium on these senior notes. Interest on these senior notes is payable either quarterly or semiannually. Interest expense associated with these senior notes, including amortization of debt issuance costs, was approximately $67 million and $60 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the estimated fair value of these senior notes, using Level 2 inputs, was approximately $7.1 billion and $8.0 billion, respectively.
Commercial Paper
We have a commercial paper program pursuant to which we may issue commercial paper notes in an aggregate principal amount at maturity of up to $1.5 billion outstanding at any time with maturities of up to 397 days from the date of issue. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no commercial paper notes outstanding.
Credit Agreement
In March 2020, we entered into a credit agreement that provides for an unsecured $2 billion five-year credit facility. We may also, subject to the agreement of the applicable lenders, increase commitments under the revolving credit facility by up to $1 billion. Funds borrowed under the credit agreement may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes.
As of March 31, 2023, no borrowings were outstanding under our $2 billion credit agreement. However, as described above, we have an up to $1.5 billion commercial paper program and are required to maintain available borrowing capacity under our credit agreement in order to repay commercial paper borrowings in the event we are unable to repay those borrowings from other sources when they become due, in an aggregate amount of $1.5 billion. As of March 31, 2023, no borrowings were outstanding under our commercial paper program; therefore, $2 billion of borrowing capacity was available for other purposes permitted by the credit agreement, subject to customary conditions to borrowing. The credit agreement includes a covenant limiting our consolidated leverage ratio to no more than 4.0:1.0, subject to, upon the occurrence of a qualified material acquisition, if so elected by us, a step-up to 4.5:1.0 for the four fiscal quarters completed following such qualified material acquisition. The credit
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agreement includes customary events of default, with corresponding grace periods in certain circumstances, including payment defaults, cross-defaults and bankruptcy-related defaults. In addition, the credit agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions regarding the incurrence of liens and subsidiary indebtedness, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. The credit agreement also contains customary representations and warranties.
We were in compliance with all financial covenants in our outstanding debt instruments during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
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Note 10 — Supplemental Consolidated Financial Information
Contract Balances
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable represents amounts invoiced and revenue recognized prior to invoicing when we have satisfied our performance obligation and have the unconditional right to payment. The allowance for doubtful accounts and authorized credits is estimated based upon our assessment of various factors including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, current economic conditions reasonable and supportable forecasts, and other factors that may affect our customers’ ability to pay. The allowance for doubtful accounts and authorized credits was $45 million and $42 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, we reported an allowance for doubtful accounts of $17 million reflecting an increase of $1 million, net of write-offs of $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, we reported an allowance for doubtful accounts of $16 million.
Deferred revenue consists of fees received related to unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of the period. Due to the generally short-term duration of contracts, the majority of the performance obligations are satisfied in the following reporting period. The amount of revenue recognized for the three month period ended March 31, 2023 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period was $31 million. The amount of revenue recognized for the three month period ended March 31, 2022 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period was $37 million.
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,082 | $ | 2,154 | |||||||
| Customer accounts | 303 | 69 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash included in short-term investments | 41 | 36 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash included in long-term investments | 5 | 13 | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 2,431 | $ | 2,272 | |||||||
Customer accounts and funds receivable
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Customer accounts | $ | 303 | $ | 69 | |||||||
| Funds receivable | 476 | 694 | |||||||||
| Customer accounts and funds receivable | $ | 779 | $ | 763 | |||||||
Other current assets
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Payment processor advances | $ | 353 | $ | 336 | |||||||
| Prepaid expenses | 115 | 120 | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 80 | 90 | |||||||||
| Short-term derivative assets | 57 | 112 | |||||||||
| Income and other tax receivable | 44 | 122 | |||||||||
| Other | 300 | 276 | |||||||||
| Other current assets | $ | 949 | $ | 1,056 | |||||||
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Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Compensation and related benefits | $ | 393 | $ | 426 | |||||||
| Sales and use tax and VAT accruals | 386 | 346 | |||||||||
| Advertising accruals | 214 | 229 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 125 | 131 | |||||||||
| Transaction loss reserve | 101 | 101 | |||||||||
| Uninvoiced general and administrative expenses | 95 | 111 | |||||||||
| Accrued interest expense | 74 | 67 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 45 | 34 | |||||||||
| Other | 396 | 421 | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 1,829 | $ | 1,866 | |||||||
Gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Unrealized change in fair value of equity investment in Adevinta | $ | 174 | $ | (1,643) | |||||||
| Unrealized change in fair value of equity investment in Adyen | — | (80) | |||||||||
Unrealized change in fair value of equity investment in Gmarket | (11) | (182) | |||||||||
| Unrealized change in fair value of equity investment in KakaoBank | (3) | (91) | |||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant | 38 | (115) | |||||||||
| Realized change in fair value of shares sold in Adyen | — | (166) | |||||||||
| Realized change in fair value of shares sold in KakaoBank | — | (8) | |||||||||
| Gain (loss) on other investments | — | (6) | |||||||||
| Total gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net | $ | 198 | $ | (2,291) | |||||||
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Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2023, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
We have a cash pooling arrangement with a financial institution for cash management purposes. This arrangement allows for cash withdrawals from the financial institution based upon our aggregate operating cash balances held within the same financial institution (“Aggregate Cash Deposits”). This arrangement also allows us to withdraw amounts exceeding the Aggregate Cash Deposits up to an agreed-upon limit. The net balance of the withdrawals and the Aggregate Cash Deposits are used by the financial institution as a basis for calculating our net interest expense or income under the arrangement. As of March 31, 2023, we had a total of $168 million in aggregate cash deposits and no cash withdrawals held within the financial institution under the cash pooling arrangement.
Litigation and Other Legal Matters
Overview
We are involved in legal and regulatory proceedings on an ongoing basis. Many of these proceedings are in early stages and may seek an indeterminate amount of damages. If we believe that a loss arising from such matters is probable and can be reasonably estimated, we accrue the estimated liability in our financial statements. If only a range of estimated losses can be determined, we accrue an amount within the range that, in our judgment, reflects the most likely outcome; if none of the estimates within that range is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the low end of the range. For those proceedings in which an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible but not probable, we have disclosed an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of losses or we have concluded that an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of losses arising directly from the proceeding (i.e., monetary damages or amounts paid in judgment or settlement) is not material. If we cannot estimate the probable or reasonably possible loss or range of losses arising from a proceeding, we have disclosed that fact. In assessing the materiality of a proceeding, we evaluate, among other factors, the amount of monetary damages claimed, as well as the potential impact of non-monetary remedies sought by plaintiffs (e.g., injunctive relief) that may require us to change our business practices in a manner that could have a material adverse impact on our business. With respect to the matters disclosed in this Overview, we are unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of such non-monetary remedies.
Amounts accrued for legal and regulatory proceedings for which we believe a loss is probable were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2023. We have concluded, based on currently available information, that reasonably possible losses arising directly from the proceedings (i.e., monetary damages or amounts paid in judgment or settlement) in excess of our recorded accruals are also not material. However, legal and regulatory proceedings are inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties. If one or more matters were resolved against us in a reporting period for amounts in excess of management’s expectations, the impact on our operating results or financial condition for that reporting period could be material. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.
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General Matters
Third parties have from time to time claimed, and others may claim in the future, that we have infringed their intellectual property rights. We are subject to patent disputes, and expect that we could be subject to additional patent infringement claims involving various aspects of our business as our products and services continue to expand in scope and complexity. Such claims may be brought directly or indirectly against us and/or against our customers (who may be entitled to contractual indemnification under their contracts with us), and we are subject to increased exposure to such claims as a result of our acquisitions and divestitures and in cases where we are entering new lines of business. We have in the past been forced to litigate such claims. We may also become more vulnerable to third-party claims as laws such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, the Lanham Act and the Communications Decency Act are interpreted by the courts, and as we expand the scope of our business (both in terms of the range of products and services that we offer and our geographical operations) and become subject to laws in jurisdictions where the underlying laws with respect to the potential liability of online intermediaries like ourselves are either unclear or less favorable. We believe that additional lawsuits alleging that we have violated patent, copyright or trademark laws will be filed against us. Intellectual property claims, whether meritorious or not, are time consuming and costly to defend and resolve, could require expensive changes in our methods of doing business or could require us to enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements on unfavorable terms.
From time to time, we are involved in other disputes or regulatory inquiries that arise in the ordinary course of business, including suits by our users (individually or as class actions) alleging, among other things, improper disclosure of our prices, rules or policies, that our practices, prices, rules, policies or customer/user agreements violate applicable law or that we have acted unfairly and/or not acted in conformity with such practices, prices, rules, policies or agreements. Further, the number and significance of these disputes and inquiries are increasing as the political and regulatory landscape changes and, as we have grown larger, our businesses have expanded in scope (both in terms of the range of products and services that we offer and our geographical operations) and our products and services have increased in complexity. Any claims or regulatory actions against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, damage awards (including statutory damages for certain causes of action in certain jurisdictions), injunctive relief or increased costs of doing business through adverse judgment or settlement, require us to change our business practices in expensive ways, require significant amounts of management time, result in the diversion of significant operational resources or otherwise harm our business.
From time to time, the Company receives subpoenas or requests for information from various government agencies, typically for potential misconduct by sellers on the Company’s Marketplace platforms. More recently, the Company has received subpoenas or requests for information from government agencies related to potential liability of the Company for products sold by sellers on the Marketplace platforms. The Company generally responds to government subpoenas and requests in the ordinary course of business and in a cooperative, thorough and timely manner. These responses sometimes require time and effort and can result in considerable costs being incurred by the Company.
In this regard, the Company has responded to inquiries from the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) regarding products sold on the Marketplace platforms alleged to violate certain laws and regulations, including regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and, separately, regulations of the Drug Enforcement Agency. The inquiries relate to whether and to what extent the Company should be liable for the sale of regulated or illicit products manufactured and sold by others who listed such products on Marketplace platforms in a manner that evaded and/or was designed to evade detection by the Company. With respect to the inquiries regarding EPA regulations, the EPA, DOJ and the Company have begun discussions relating to allegations of noncompliance arising under the Clean Air Act, among other alleged violations, which discussions include a potential settlement. If the Company is found to be liable for such activities on the Marketplace, it likely will be subject to monetary damages, changes in our business practices, or other remedies that could have a material adverse impact on our business.
The Company is also responding to inquiries from the U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts regarding potential criminal liability of the Company arising from the stalking and harassment in 2019 of the editor and publisher of Ecommercebytes, a website that publishes ecommerce news and information. Six former Company employees and one former contractor have pleaded guilty to crimes arising from the conduct. The Company has
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begun discussions with the U.S. Attorney’s Office, which discussions include a potential settlement. We expect any such settlement may include fines, other payments, and non-monetary remedies, such as additional remediation, compliance and reporting requirements. Although the Company has concluded that losses in the U.S. Attorney matter are probable, we are unable at this time to estimate the losses that may be incurred because the matter is still under investigation and involves open questions relevant to the Company’s potential liability for conduct of its former employees. The editor and publisher also have a pending civil action against the Company, which seeks unspecified damages arising from the above-described conduct.
In connection with the government matters and civil action described above, the Company to date has accrued for probable losses of approximately $64 million in the aggregate. Given the uncertainties involved, the ultimate resolution of these matters could result in additional losses that may be material to our financial results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of our net income or loss for that period.
Indemnification Provisions
We entered into a separation and distribution agreement and various other agreements with PayPal to govern the separation and relationship of the two companies. These agreements provide for specific indemnity and liability obligations and could lead to disputes between us and PayPal, which may be significant. In addition, the indemnity rights we have against PayPal under the agreements may not be sufficient to protect us and our indemnity obligations to PayPal may be significant.
In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors, executive officers and certain other officers. These agreements require us to indemnify such individuals, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, for certain liabilities to which they may become subject as a result of their affiliation with us.
In the ordinary course of business, we have included limited indemnification provisions in certain of our agreements with parties with which we have commercial relations, including our standard marketing, promotions and application programming interface license agreements. Under these contracts, we generally indemnify, hold harmless and agree to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party in connection with claims by a third party with respect to our domain names, trademarks, logos and other branding elements to the extent that such marks are applicable to our performance under the subject agreement. In certain cases, we have agreed to provide indemnification for intellectual property infringement. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential loss under these indemnification provisions due to our limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular provision. To date, losses recorded in our consolidated statement of income in connection with our indemnification provisions have not been significant, either individually or collectively.
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Note 12 — Stockholders’ Equity
Stock Repurchase Program
Our stock repurchase programs are intended to programmatically offset the impact of dilution from our equity compensation programs and, subject to market conditions and other factors, to make opportunistic and programmatic repurchases of our common stock to reduce our outstanding share count. Any share repurchases under our stock repurchase programs may be made through open market transactions, block trades, privately negotiated transactions (including accelerated share repurchase transactions) or other means at times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate and will be funded from our working capital or other financing alternatives. Our stock repurchase programs may be limited or terminated at any time without prior notice. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including corporate and regulatory requirements, price and other market conditions and management’s determination as to the appropriate use of our cash.
The following table summarizes stock repurchase activity under our stock repurchase programs for the period indicated (in millions, except per share amounts):
Shares Repurchased (1) | Average Price per Share (2) | Value of Shares Repurchased (2) | Remaining Amount Authorized | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1, 2023 | $ | 2,848 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of shares of common stock | 5 | $ | 45.53 | $ | 250 | (250) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2023 | $ | 2,598 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1) These repurchased shares of common stock were recorded as treasury stock and were accounted for under the cost method. None of the repurchased shares of common stock have been retired.
(2) Excludes broker commissions and excise tax accruals.
Dividends
The Company paid a total of $134 million and $129 million in cash dividends during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In April 2023, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock to be paid on June 16, 2023 to stockholders of record as of June 1, 2023.
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Note 13 — Employee Benefit Plans
Restricted Stock Unit Activity
The following table presents restricted stock unit (“RSU”) activity under our equity incentive plans for the period indicated (in millions):
| Units | |||||
| Outstanding as of January 1, 2023 | 21 | ||||
| Awarded | 1 | ||||
| Vested | (3) | ||||
| Forfeited | (1) | ||||
| Outstanding as of March 31, 2023 | 18 | ||||
The weighted average grant date fair value for RSUs awarded during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $42.98 per share.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The following table presents the impact on our results of continuing operations of recording stock-based compensation expense for the periods indicated (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Cost of net revenues | $ | 13 | $ | 12 | |||||||
| Sales and marketing | 20 | 20 | |||||||||
| Product development | 59 | 45 | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 36 | 34 | |||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 128 | $ | 111 | |||||||
| Capitalized in product development | $ | 4 | $ | 4 | |||||||
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Note 14 — Income Taxes
We are subject to both direct and indirect taxation in the U.S. and various states and foreign jurisdictions. We are under examination by certain tax authorities for the 2010 to 2021 tax years. We believe that adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments that may ultimately result from these or other examinations. The material jurisdictions where we are subject to potential examination by tax authorities for tax years after 2009 include, among others, the U.S. (Federal and California), Germany, India, Israel, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Although the timing of the resolution and/or closure of audits is highly uncertain, it is reasonably possible that the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits could significantly change in the next 12 months. However, given the number of years remaining subject to examination and the number of matters being examined, we are unable to estimate the full range of possible adjustments to the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits.
We have recognized the tax consequences of all foreign unremitted earnings and management has no specific plans to indefinitely reinvest the unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries as of the balance sheet date. We have not provided for deferred taxes on outside basis differences in our investments in our foreign subsidiaries that are unrelated to unremitted earnings. These basis differences will be indefinitely reinvested. A determination of the unrecognized deferred taxes related to these other components of our outside basis difference is not practicable.
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Note 15 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following tables summarize the changes in AOCI for the periods indicated (in millions):
| Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments | Foreign Currency Translation | Estimated Tax (Expense) Benefit | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 114 | $ | (98) | $ | 222 | $ | 21 | $ | 259 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (21) | 19 | 1 | (2) | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI | 32 | — | — | (7) | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | (53) | 19 | 1 | 5 | (28) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2023 | $ | 61 | $ | (79) | $ | 223 | $ | 26 | $ | 231 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments | Foreign Currency Translation | Estimated Tax (Expense) Benefit | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 65 | $ | (7) | $ | 328 | $ | 12 | $ | 398 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 27 | (51) | (34) | 8 | (50) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI | 7 | — | — | (1) | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 20 | (51) | (34) | 9 | (56) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2022 | $ | 85 | $ | (58) | $ | 294 | $ | 21 | $ | 342 | |||||||||||||||||||
The following table summarizes the reclassifications out of AOCI for the periods indicated (in millions):
| Details about AOCI Components | Affected Line Item in the Statement of Income | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified From AOCI | ||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | Net revenues | $ | 29 | $ | 6 | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | Cost of net revenues | (1) | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts | Interest and other, net | 4 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total, from continuing operations before income taxes | 32 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (7) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total, from continuing operations net of income taxes | 25 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total reclassifications for the period | Total, net of income taxes | $ | 25 | $ | 6 | |||||||||||||||
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Note 16 — Restructuring
The following table summarizes restructuring reserve activity for the period indicated (in millions):
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 | |||||
| Accrued liability, beginning of period | $ | — | |||
| Charges | 42 | ||||
| Payments | (14) | ||||
| Accrued liability, end of period | $ | 28 | |||
During the first quarter of 2023, management announced plans that included the reduction in workforce and other exit costs. The reduction was substantially completed in the first quarter of 2023 and resulted in a pre-tax charge of $42 million. There was no restructuring activity during the first quarter of 2022. Restructuring charges are included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of income.
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ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that involve expectations, plans or intentions (such as those relating to future business, future results of operations or financial condition, inflationary pressure, foreign exchange rate volatility and geopolitical events, such as the ongoing war in Ukraine, new or planned features or services, or management strategies). You can generally identify these forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan” and other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, those discussed in “Part I – Item 1A: Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”), as well as in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, related notes, and the other information appearing elsewhere in this report and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update any of our forward-looking statements after the date of this report to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. You should read the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this report.
When we refer to “we,” “our,” “us” or “eBay” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we mean the current Delaware corporation (eBay Inc.) and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires.
OVERVIEW
Business
eBay Inc. is a global commerce leader, which includes our Marketplace platforms. Founded in 1995 in San Jose, California, eBay is one of the world’s largest and most vibrant marketplaces for discovering great value and unique selection. Collectively, we connect millions of buyers and sellers around the world, empowering people and creating opportunity. Our technologies and services are designed to provide buyers choice and a breadth of relevant inventory and to enable sellers worldwide to organize and offer their inventory for sale, virtually anytime and anywhere. In 2023, we are focused on our strategic playbook — to understand the customer and their needs; build experiences they will love, at scale; and tell our story in new and different ways.
In 2022, and extending into the first quarter of 2023, we experienced reduced traffic in most markets resulting from geopolitical events, inflationary pressure, foreign exchange rate volatility and lower consumer confidence. These factors negatively impacted discretionary consumer spending, are uncertain in duration and we expect them to continue during 2023.
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Presentation
In addition to the corresponding measures under generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), management uses non-GAAP measures in reviewing our financial results. The foreign exchange neutral (“FX-Neutral”), or constant currency, net revenue amounts discussed below are non-GAAP financial measures and are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, the FX-Neutral information appearing in the following discussion of our results of operations should be read in conjunction with the information provided below in “Non-GAAP Measures of Financial Performance,” which includes reconciliations of FX-Neutral financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures. We calculate the year-over-year impact of foreign currency movements using prior period foreign currency rates applied to current year transactional currency amounts.
Quarter Highlights
Net revenues increased 1% to $2,510 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily due to the investment in focus categories and higher take rate as a result of the expansion of payment services and promoted listing products. The increase in net revenues was partially offset by a reduction in traffic in most markets resulting from geopolitical events, inflationary pressure, foreign exchange rate volatility and lower consumer confidence during the three months ended March 31, 2023. FX-Neutral net revenues (as defined above) increased 3% during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Operating margin decreased to 22.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 27.9% for the same period in 2022.
We generated cash flow from continuing operating activities of $841 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $629 million in the same period in 2022.
We recorded unrealized gains of $198 million in aggregate in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net on our condensed consolidated statement of income during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $2,291 million of unrealized losses recorded during the same period in 2022.
In January 2023, we repaid debt of $1.2 billion consisting of the floating rate and 2.750% senior notes.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we paid $242 million cash for the purchase of common stock and paid $134 million in cash dividends.
In April 2023, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock to be paid on June 16, 2023 to stockholders of record as of June 1, 2023.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
We have one reportable segment to reflect the way management and our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) review and assess performance of the business. Our reportable segment is Marketplace, which includes our online marketplace located at www.ebay.com, its localized counterparts and the eBay suite of mobile apps. The accounting policies of our segment are the same as those described in “Note 1 — The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
Net Revenues
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2022, we present revenues generated from our Marketplace GMV and from non-GMV based businesses as “Net revenues” in order to more closely align our presentation of net revenues with how our business is operated. We formerly presented such amounts as “Net transaction revenues” and “Marketing services and other (MS&O) revenues,” and those line items for such prior periods have been conformed to current period presentation. Consolidated net revenues are unchanged.
Net revenues primarily include final value fees, feature fees, fees to promote listings, payment service fees, listing fees, and store subscription fees from sellers on our platforms. Our net revenues also include revenues from the sale of advertisements, revenue sharing arrangements and shipping fees. Our net revenues are reduced by incentives, including discounts, coupons and rewards, provided to our customers.
The following table presents net revenues for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 2,510 | $ | 2,483 | 1 | % | |||||||||||
Seasonality
We expect transaction activity patterns on our platforms to trend with general consumer buying patterns and expect that these trends will continue. As we introduce and scale new products throughout the year, we expect net revenues to fluctuate. In addition, macroeconomic conditions, including the impact of COVID-19, disrupted seasonal patterns in net revenues, particularly in the first quarter of 2021. The following table presents our total net revenues and the sequential quarterly movements of these net revenues for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Quarter Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31 | June 30 | September 30 | December 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 2,638 | $ | 2,668 | $ | 2,501 | $ | 2,613 | |||||||||||||||
| % change from prior quarter | 6 | % | 1 | % | (6) | % | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 2,483 | $ | 2,422 | $ | 2,380 | $ | 2,510 | |||||||||||||||
| % change from prior quarter | (5) | % | (2) | % | (2) | % | 5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 2,510 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| % change from prior quarter | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net Revenues by Geography
Revenues are attributed to U.S. and international geographies primarily based upon the country in which the seller, platform that displays advertising, other service provider or customer, as the case may be, is located. The following table presents net revenues by geography for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
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| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 1,261 | $ | 1,226 | 3 | % | |||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 50 | % | 49 | % | |||||||||||||
| International | 1,249 | 1,257 | (1) | % | |||||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 50 | % | 51 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total net revenues | $ | 2,510 | $ | 2,483 | 1 | % | |||||||||||
Our commerce platforms operate globally, resulting in certain revenues that are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the British pound and euro. Year-over-year appreciation or depreciation of the U.S. dollar may have a material impact to our financial results, and we have seen and could continue to see elevated foreign currency volatility in the future. Through our hedging programs, we actively monitor foreign currency volatility and attempt to mitigate the risk. As shown in the table above, we generate approximately half of our net revenues internationally. Because of these factors, we are subject to the risks related to doing business in foreign countries as discussed in “Part I - Item 1A: Risk Factors” of the 2022 Form 10-K.
Net revenues included $29 million of hedging gains during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $6 million of hedging gains during the same period in 2022. Foreign currency movements relative to the U.S. dollar had an unfavorable impact of $45 million on net revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to an unfavorable impact of $58 million on net revenues during the same period in 2022. The effect of foreign currency exchange rate movements during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily attributable to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British pound and euro.
Key Operating Metrics
Gross Merchandise Volume (“GMV”) and take rate are significant factors that we believe affect our net revenues.
GMV consists of the total value of all paid transactions between users on our platforms during the applicable period inclusive of shipping fees and taxes. Despite GMV’s divergence from revenue, we still believe that GMV provides a useful measure of the overall volume of paid transactions that flow through our platforms in a given period.
Take rate is defined as net revenues divided by GMV and represents net revenues as a percentage of overall volume on our platforms. We believe that take rate provides a useful measure of our ability to monetize volume through marketplace services on our platforms in a given period. We use take rate to identify key revenue drivers on our marketplace.
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The following table presents net revenues, GMV and take rate for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | As Reported | FX-Neutral | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net revenues (1) | $ | 2,510 | $ | 2,483 | 1 | % | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Supplemental data: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| GMV | $ | 18,410 | $ | 19,409 | (5) | % | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||
Take rate (2) | 13.63 | % | 12.79 | % | 0.84 | % | |||||||||||||||||
(1) Net revenues were net of $29 million and $6 million hedging gains during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2) Take rate is defined as net revenues divided by GMV, as discussed above.
Net revenues increased primarily due to the investment in focus categories and higher take rate as a result of the expansion of payment services and promoted listing products. The increase in net revenues was partially offset by a reduction in traffic in most markets resulting from geopolitical events, inflationary pressure, foreign exchange rate volatility and lower consumer confidence, which negatively impacted discretionary consumer spending during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Net revenues increased despite GMV decreasing during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 2022 primarily due to the benefit of a higher take rate during the same period, as discussed above. We expect the divergence between net revenues and GMV to continue through the year. Despite GMV’s divergence from net revenues, we still believe the metric provides a useful measure of overall volume of paid transactions that flow through the platform in a given period.
Cost of Net Revenues
Cost of net revenues represents costs associated with customer support, site operations and payment processing. Significant components of these costs primarily consist of employee compensation including stock-based compensation, contractor costs, facilities costs, depreciation of equipment and amortization expense, bank transaction fees, credit card interchange and assessment fees, authentication costs, shipping costs and digital services tax. The following table presents cost of net revenues for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of net revenues | $ | 700 | $ | 689 | 2 | % | |||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 28 | % | 28 | % | |||||||||||||
Cost of net revenues, net of immaterial hedging activities, increased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 2022 primarily driven by a $14 million increase related to the expansion of authentication services, a $13 million increase related to the launch of eBay International Shipping, and an $11 million increase in customer support costs, partially offset by a $12 million decrease in payment processing costs incurred and the $12 million favorable impact of foreign currency movements relative to the U.S. dollar.
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Operating Expenses
The following table presents operating expenses for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 511 | $ | 478 | 7 | % | |||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 20 | % | 19 | % | |||||||||||||
| Product development | 352 | 301 | 17 | % | |||||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 14 | % | 12 | % | |||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 297 | 226 | 31 | % | |||||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 12 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||||||
| Provision for transaction losses | 84 | 96 | (13) | % | |||||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 3 | % | 4 | % | |||||||||||||
| Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 8 | 1 | ** | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 1,252 | $ | 1,102 | 14 | % | |||||||||||
** Not meaningful
Foreign currency movements relative to the U.S. dollar had a favorable impact of $30 million on operating expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 2022. There was no hedging activity within operating expenses.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of advertising and marketing program costs (both online and offline), employee compensation including stock-based compensation, certain user coupons and rewards, contractor costs, facilities costs and depreciation on equipment. Online marketing expenses represent traffic acquisition costs in various channels such as paid search, affiliates marketing and display advertising. Offline advertising primarily includes brand campaigns and buyer/seller communications.
The increase in sales and marketing expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily due to a $25 million increase in online and offline advertising expenses and an $18 million increase in employee related spend, partially offset by lower professional service spend of $8 million.
Product Development
Product development expenses primarily consist of employee compensation including stock-based compensation, contractor costs, facilities costs and depreciation on equipment. Product development expenses are net of required capitalization of major platform and other product development efforts, including the development and maintenance of our technology platform. Our top technology priorities include the implementation of our strategic plan including payment intermediation capabilities, improved seller tools and buyer experiences.
The increase in product development expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily due to an increase in employee related costs.
Capitalized internal use and platform development costs were $31 million and $32 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These costs are primarily reflected as a cost of net revenues when amortized in future periods.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of employee compensation including stock-based compensation, contractor costs, facilities costs, depreciation of equipment, employer payroll taxes on stock-based compensation, legal expenses, restructuring, insurance premiums and professional fees. Our legal expenses, including those related to various ongoing legal proceedings, may fluctuate substantially from period to period.
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The increase in general and administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily due to $42 million of restructuring costs that did not occur in 2022, a $14 million increase in employee related costs, and a $10 million increase in professional service costs.
Provision for Transaction Losses
Provision for transaction losses primarily consists of transaction loss expense associated with our buyer protection programs, losses from our managed payments services, fraud and bad debt expense associated with our accounts receivable balance. We expect our provision for transaction losses to fluctuate depending on many factors, including changes to our protection programs and the impact of regulatory changes.
The decrease in provision for transaction losses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily due to $14 million lower bad debt expense.
Gain (Loss) on Equity Investments and Warrant, Net
Gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net primarily consists of gains and losses related to our various types of equity investments, including our equity investments in Adevinta, KakaoBank and Gmarket, and gains and losses due to changes in fair value of the warrant received from Adyen. The following table presents gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
| Unrealized change in fair value of equity investment in Adevinta | $ | 174 | $ | (1,643) | 111 | % | |||||||||||
| Unrealized change in fair value of equity investment in Adyen | — | (80) | ** | ||||||||||||||
Unrealized change in fair value of equity investment in Gmarket | (11) | (182) | (94) | % | |||||||||||||
| Unrealized change in fair value of equity investment in KakaoBank | (3) | (91) | (97) | % | |||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant | 38 | (115) | (133) | % | |||||||||||||
| Realized change in fair value of shares sold in Adyen | — | (166) | ** | ||||||||||||||
| Realized change in fair value of shares sold in KakaoBank | — | (8) | ** | ||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on other investments | — | (6) | ** | ||||||||||||||
| Total gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net | $ | 198 | $ | (2,291) | ** | ||||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | 8 | % | (92) | % | |||||||||||||
** Not meaningful
The change in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily driven by the change in the fair value of our equity investments in Adevinta, Gmarket, KakaoBank and warrant.
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Interest and Other, Net
Interest and other, net primarily consists of interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and investments, as well as foreign exchange transaction gains and losses, gain/loss on acquisitions or disposals and interest expense, consisting of interest charges on any amounts borrowed and commitment fees on unborrowed amounts under our credit agreement and interest expense on our outstanding debt securities and commercial paper, if any. The following table presents interest and other, net for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | % Change | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest and other, net | $ | (26) | $ | (50) | (48) | % | |||||||||||
| Percentage of net revenues | (1) | % | (2) | % | |||||||||||||
Interest income increased $34 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 2022 due to higher yields on corporate debt and government and agency securities in a higher interest rate environment. We expect this trend to continue throughout 2023.
Interest expense increased $6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 2022 primarily due to higher rates offset by lower average notional on outstanding debt during 2023. In 2023, we repaid two tranches of senior notes at substantially lower interest rates than the senior notes that were issued during the fourth quarter of 2022. As a result, we expect continued upward pressure on interest expense throughout 2023.
Income Tax Provision
The following table presents provision for income taxes for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Income tax provision (benefit) | $ | 161 | $ | (310) | |||||||
| Effective tax rate | 22.1 | % | 18.8 | % | |||||||
The increase in our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily due to the decrease in proportion of non-deductible losses on investments to total income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes.
We are regularly under examination by tax authorities both domestically and internationally. We believe that adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments that may ultimately result from these examinations, although we cannot assure you that this will be the case given the inherent uncertainties in these examinations. Due to the ongoing tax examinations, it is generally impractical to determine the amount and timing of these adjustments. However, we expect several tax examinations to close within the next twelve months. See “Note 14 — Income Taxes” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for more information on estimated settlements within the next twelve months.
Non-GAAP Measures of Financial Performance
To supplement our condensed consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we use FX-Neutral net revenues, which are non-GAAP financial measures. Management uses the foregoing non-GAAP measures in reviewing our financial results. We define FX-Neutral net revenues as net revenues minus the exchange rate effect. We define exchange rate effect as the year-over-year impact of foreign currency movements using prior period foreign currency rates applied to current year transactional currency amounts, excluding hedging activity.
These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. In addition, these
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non-GAAP measures are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. Non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. These measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures.
These non-GAAP measures are provided to enhance investors’ overall understanding of our current financial performance and its prospects for the future. Specifically, we believe these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to both management and investors by excluding the foreign currency exchange rate impact that may not be indicative of our core operating results and business outlook. In addition, because we have historically reported certain non-GAAP results to investors, we believe that the inclusion of these non-GAAP measures provide consistency in our financial reporting.
The following tables present a reconciliation of FX-Neutral GMV and FX-Neutral net revenues (each as defined below) to our reported GMV and net revenues for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages):
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As Reported | Exchange Rate Effect (1)(3) | FX-Neutral (2) | As Reported | As Reported | FX-Neutral | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GMV | $ | 18,410 | $ | (604) | $ | 19,014 | $ | 19,409 | (5) | % | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Revenues | $ | 2,510 | $ | (45) | $ | 2,555 | $ | 2,483 | 1 | % | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) We define exchange rate effect as the year-over-year impact of foreign currency movements using prior period foreign currency rates applied to current year transactional currency amounts excluding hedging activity.
(2) We define FX-Neutral GMV as GMV minus the exchange rate effect. We define the non-GAAP financial measures of FX-Neutral net revenues as net revenues minus the exchange rate effect.
(3) Net revenues were net of $29 million and $6 million hedging gains during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | |||||||||||
| Continuing operating activities | $ | 841 | $ | 629 | |||||||
| Continuing investing activities | 701 | 1,772 | |||||||||
| Continuing financing activities | (1,388) | (1,952) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 5 | (18) | |||||||||
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - discontinued operations | — | (16) | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 159 | $ | 415 | |||||||
Continuing Operating Activities
Our operating cash flows arise primarily from cash received from our customers on our platforms offset by cash payments for sales and marketing, employee compensation and payment processing expenses.
Cash provided by continuing operating activities of $841 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to cash provided by continuing operating activities of $629 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily attributable to working capital movements and changes in non-cash items during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.
Continuing Investing Activities
Cash provided by continuing investing activities of $701 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily attributable to proceeds of $4,404 million from the maturities and sales of investments, partially offset by cash paid for investments of $3,543 million and property and equipment of $132 million.
The largely offsetting effects of purchases of investments and maturities and sale of investments results from the management of our investments. As our immediate cash needs change, purchase and sale activity will fluctuate.
Continuing Financing Activities
Cash used in continuing financing activities of $1,388 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily attributable to debt repayments of $1,150 million related to the redemption of our floating rate and 2.750% senior notes due 2023, cash paid to repurchase $242 million of common stock, and $134 million paid in cash dividends, partially offset by net funds receivable and payable activity of $229 million.
The positive effect of exchange rate movements on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash was due to the weakening of the U.S. dollar against other currencies during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.
Liquidity and Capital Resource Requirements
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had assets classified as cash and cash equivalents, as well as short-term and long-term non-equity investments from continuing operations, in an aggregate amount of $5.0 billion and $5.9 billion, respectively. We believe that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments, together with cash expected to be generated from operations, borrowings available under our credit agreement and commercial paper program, and our access to capital markets, will be sufficient to satisfy our material cash requirements over the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future.
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However, geopolitical and macroeconomic events including the war in Ukraine, inflationary pressure, foreign exchange volatility and global economic uncertainty have caused material disruptions in both U.S. and international financial markets and economies and are uncertain in duration. The future impact of these events cannot be predicted with certainty and have increased, and may continue to increase, our borrowing costs and other costs of capital and otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and we cannot assure that we will have access to external financing at times and on terms we consider acceptable, or at all, or that we will not experience other liquidity issues going forward.
Senior Notes
In January 2023, we redeemed the $1.2 billion aggregate principal amount of the floating rate and 2.750% senior notes due 2023. Total cash consideration paid was $1.2 billion, as the redemption price was equal to 100% of the principal amount. In addition, we paid accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount.
As of March 31, 2023, we had fixed-rate senior notes outstanding for an aggregate principal amount of $7.8 billion, with none payable within 12 months. The net proceeds from the issuances of these senior notes are used for general corporate purposes, including, among other things, capital expenditures, share repurchases, repayment of indebtedness and possible acquisitions.
Commercial Paper
We have a commercial paper program pursuant to which we may issue commercial paper notes in an aggregate principal amount at maturity of up to $1.5 billion outstanding at any time with maturities of up to 397 days from the date of issue. As of March 31, 2023, there were no commercial paper notes outstanding.
Credit Agreement
In March 2020, we entered into a credit agreement that provides for an unsecured $2 billion five-year credit facility. We may also, subject to the agreement of the applicable lenders, increase commitments under the revolving credit facility by up to $1 billion. Funds borrowed under the credit agreement may be used for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes. As of March 31, 2023, no borrowings were outstanding under our $2 billion credit agreement.
Credit Ratings
As of March 31, 2023, we were rated investment grade by Standard and Poor’s Financial Services, LLC (long-term rated BBB+, short-term rated A-2, with a stable outlook) and Moody’s Investor Service (long-term rated Baa1, short-term rated P-2, with a stable outlook). We disclose these ratings to enhance the understanding of our sources of liquidity and the effects of our ratings on our costs of funds. Our borrowing costs depend, in part, on our credit ratings and any actions taken by these credit rating agencies to lower our credit ratings, as described above, will likely increase our borrowing costs.
We were in compliance with all financial covenants in our outstanding debt instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For additional details related to our debt, please see “Note 9 — Debt” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Income Taxes
As of March 31, 2023, our assets classified as cash and cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term non-equity investments included assets held in certain of our foreign operations totaling approximately $2.5 billion. As we repatriate these funds to the U.S., we will be required to pay income taxes in certain U.S. states and applicable foreign withholding taxes on those amounts during the period when such repatriation occurs. We have accrued deferred taxes for the tax effect of repatriating the funds to the U.S.
For additional details related to our income taxes, please see “Income Tax Provision” in our Results of Operations above and “Note 14 — Income Taxes” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
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Stock Repurchases
Our stock repurchase programs are intended to programmatically offset the impact of dilution from our equity compensation programs and, subject to market conditions and other factors, to make opportunistic and programmatic repurchases of our common stock to reduce our outstanding share count. Any share repurchases under our stock repurchase programs will be funded from our working capital or other financing alternatives.
We expect, subject to market conditions and other uncertainties, to continue making opportunistic and programmatic repurchases of our common stock. However, our stock repurchase programs may be limited or terminated at any time without prior notice. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including corporate and regulatory requirements, price and other market conditions and management’s determination as to the appropriate use of our cash.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased approximately $250 million of our common stock under our stock repurchase programs. As of March 31, 2023, a total of approximately $2.6 billion remained available for future repurchases of our common stock under our stock repurchase programs. See “Note 12 — Stockholders’ Equity” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for more information about our stock repurchase programs.
Dividends
The Company paid a total of $134 million and $129 million in cash dividends during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In April 2023, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock to be paid on June 16, 2023 to stockholders of record as of June 1, 2023.
Other Capital Resource Requirements
We actively monitor all counterparties that hold our cash and cash equivalents and non-equity investments, focusing primarily on the safety of principal and secondarily on improving yield on these assets. We diversify our cash and cash equivalents and investments among various counterparties in order to reduce our exposure should any one of these counterparties fail or encounter difficulties. To date, we have not experienced any material loss or lack of access to our invested cash, cash equivalents or short-term investments; however, we can provide no assurances that access to our invested cash, cash equivalents or short-term investments will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets, including, without limitation, as a result of the impact of geopolitical events, inflationary pressure, lower consumer spending and foreign exchange rate volatility. At any point in time we have funds in our operating accounts and customer accounts that are deposited and invested with third party financial institutions.
We have a cash pooling arrangement with a financial institution for cash management purposes. As of March 31, 2023, we had a total of $168 million in aggregate cash deposits and no cash withdrawals held within the financial institution under the cash pooling arrangement. See “Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for more information about our cash pooling arrangement.
We have entered into various indemnification agreements and, in the ordinary course of business, we have included limited indemnification provisions in certain of our agreements with parties with which we have commercial relations. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential loss under these various indemnification provisions due to our limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular provision. To date, losses recorded in our consolidated statement of income in connection with our indemnification provisions have not been significant, either individually or collectively. See “Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report for more information about our indemnification provisions.
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Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk relating to our investments and outstanding debt. In addition, adverse economic conditions and events (including volatility or distress in the equity and/or debt or credit markets) may impact regional and global financial markets. These events and conditions could cause us to write down our assets or investments. We seek to reduce earnings volatility that may result from adverse economic conditions and events or changes in interest rates.
The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time improving yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we maintain our cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments in a variety of asset types, including bank deposits, government bonds and corporate debt securities. As of March 31, 2023, approximately 25% of our total cash and investments was held in cash and cash equivalents. As such, changes in interest rates will impact interest income. As discussed below, the fair market values of our fixed rate securities may be adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, and we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates.
As of March 31, 2023, the balance of our corporate debt and government bond securities was $2.9 billion, which represented approximately 34% of our total cash and investments. Investments in both fixed-rate and floating-rate interest-earning instruments carry varying degrees of interest rate risk. The fair market value of our fixed-rate investment securities may be adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates. In general, fixed-rate securities with longer maturities are subject to greater interest rate risk than those with shorter maturities. While floating rate securities generally are subject to less interest rate risk than fixed-rate securities, floating-rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates decrease and may also suffer a decline in market value if interest rates increase. Due in part to these factors, our investment income may fall short of expectations or we may suffer losses in principal if we sell securities that have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates. A hypothetical 1% (100 basis point) point increase in interest rates would have resulted in a decrease in the fair value of our investments of $19 million and $22 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Further changes in interest rates will impact interest expense on any borrowings under our revolving credit facility, which bear interest at floating rates, and the interest rate on any commercial paper borrowings we make and any debt securities we may issue in the future and, accordingly, will impact interest expense. For additional details related to our debt, see “Note 9 — Debt” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Equity Price Risk
Equity investments
In 2021, we completed the transfer of our Classifieds business to Adevinta. Upon completion of the transfer we received an equity interest in Adevinta. The equity investment is accounted for under the fair value option and changes in Adevinta’s stock price and equity volatility may have a significant impact on the value of our equity investment in Adevinta. As of March 31, 2023, a one dollar change in Adevinta’s common stock, holding other factors constant, would increase or decrease the fair value of the investment by approximately $404 million.
The fair value of our equity investment in KakaoBank is measured based on closing stock price and prevailing foreign exchange rate at each balance sheet date. Valuation of equity investments with readily determinable fair values can be obtained from real time quotes in active markets. Changes in KakaoBank’s stock price and equity volatility may have a significant impact on the value of our equity investment in KakaoBank. As of March 31, 2023, a one dollar change in KakaoBank’s common stock, holding other factors constant, would increase or decrease the fair value of the investment by approximately $5 million.
Our remaining equity investments are primarily investments in privately-held companies. Our consolidated results of operations include, as a component of gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net, our share of the net income or loss of the equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or the change in fair value of the equity method investments accounted for under the fair value option. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are accounted for at cost, less impairment and adjusted for subsequent observable
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price changes obtained from orderly transactions for identical or similar investments issued by the same investee. Such changes in the basis of the equity investment are recognized in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net. Equity investments under the fair value option are measured at fair value based on a quarterly valuation analysis and are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as the valuation reflects management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the equity investment. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in gain (loss) on equity investments and warrant, net.
As of March 31, 2023, our equity investments totaled $3.5 billion, which represented approximately 42% of our total cash and investments, and primarily related to our equity investment in Adevinta.
For additional details related to these investments, please see “Note 6 — Investments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Warrant
We entered into a warrant agreement in conjunction with a commercial agreement with Adyen that, subject to meeting certain conditions, entitles us to acquire a fixed number of shares up to 5% of Adyen’s fully diluted issued and outstanding share capital at a specific date. As discussed above, in 2021 we met the processing volume milestone target to vest the first tranche of the warrant, and we exercised the option to purchase shares of Adyen. The remaining tranches of the warrant are accounted for as a derivative instrument under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. Changes in Adyen’s common stock price and equity volatility may have a significant impact on the value of the warrant. As of March 31, 2023, a one dollar change in Adyen’s common stock, holding other factors constant, would increase or decrease the fair value of the warrant by approximately $0.2 million. For additional details related to the warrant, please see “Note 7 — Derivative Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Foreign Currency Risk
Our commerce platforms operate globally, resulting in certain revenues and costs that are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the British pound and euro, subjecting us to foreign currency risk, which may adversely impact our financial results. We transact business in various foreign currencies and have significant international revenues as well as costs. In addition, we charge our international subsidiaries for their use of intellectual property and technology and for certain corporate services we provide. Our cash flow and results of operations that are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations may differ materially from expectations and we may record significant gains or losses due to foreign currency fluctuations and related hedging activities.
We have a foreign exchange exposure management program designed to identify material foreign currency exposures, manage these exposures and reduce the potential effects of currency fluctuations on our reported consolidated cash flows and results of operations through the purchase of foreign currency exchange contracts. The effectiveness of the program and resulting usage of foreign exchange derivative contracts is at times limited by our ability to achieve cash flow hedge accounting. For additional details related to our derivative instruments, please see “Note 7 — Derivative Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
We use foreign exchange derivative contracts to help protect our forecasted U.S. dollar-equivalent earnings from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These hedging contracts reduce, but do not entirely eliminate, the impact of adverse currency exchange rate movements. Most of these contracts are designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. For qualifying cash flow hedges, the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same period the forecasted transaction affects earnings. For contracts not designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes, the derivative’s gain or loss is recognized immediately in earnings in our consolidated statement of income. However, only certain revenue and costs are eligible for cash flow hedge accounting.
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The following table illustrates the fair values of outstanding foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges and foreign exchange contracts not designated for hedge accounting and the before-tax effect on fair values of a hypothetical adverse change in the foreign exchange rates that existed as of March 31, 2023. The sensitivity for foreign currency contracts is based on a 20% adverse change in foreign exchange rates, against relevant functional currencies.
| Fair Value Asset/(Liability) | Fair Value Sensitivity | ||||||||||
| (In millions) | |||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts - Cash flow hedges | $ | 44 | $ | (90) | |||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts - Not designated for hedge accounting | $ | (14) | $ | (111) | |||||||
Since our risk management programs are highly effective, the potential loss in value described above would be largely offset by changes in the value of the underlying exposure.
We also use foreign exchange contracts to offset the foreign exchange risk on our assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our subsidiaries. These contracts reduce, but do not entirely eliminate, the impact of currency exchange rate movements on our assets and liabilities. The foreign currency gains and losses on the assets and liabilities are recorded in interest and other, net, which are offset by the gains and losses on the foreign exchange contracts.
We considered the historical trends in currency exchange rates and determined that it was reasonably possible that adverse changes in exchange rates of 20% for all currencies could be experienced in the near term. These changes would have resulted in an adverse impact on income before income taxes of approximately $3 million as of March 31, 2023 taking into consideration the offsetting effect of foreign exchange forwards in place as of March 31, 2023.
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Item 4: Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b), our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.
(b) Changes in internal controls. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1: Legal Proceedings
The information set forth under “Note 11 — Commitments and Contingencies — Litigation and Other Legal Matters” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A: Risk Factors
Risk Factors:
We are subject to various risks and uncertainties that may affect our business, results of operations and financial condition including not limited to, those described in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”). Current global economic and geopolitical events and conditions may amplify many of these risks. These risks are not the only risks that may affect us. Additional risks that we are not aware of or do not believe are material at the time of this filing may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. There have been no material changes to the Company’s risk factors since the 2022 Form 10-K.
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Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Stock repurchase activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows:
| Period Ended | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share (2) | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs | Maximum Dollar Value that May Yet be Purchased Under the Programs (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 31, 2023 | 1,686,769 | $ | 46.07 | 1,686,769 | $ | 2,770,352,492 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| February 28, 2023 | 1,553,849 | $ | 48.26 | 1,553,849 | $ | 2,695,360,493 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2023 | 2,250,193 | $ | 43.23 | 2,250,193 | $ | 2,598,079,088 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 5,490,811 | 5,490,811 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Our stock repurchase programs are intended to programmatically offset the impact of dilution from our equity compensation programs and, subject to market conditions and other factors, to make opportunistic and programmatic repurchases of our common stock to reduce our outstanding share count. Any share repurchases under our stock repurchase programs may be made through open market transactions, block trades, privately negotiated transactions (including accelerated share repurchase transactions) or other means at times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate and will be funded from our working capital or other financing alternatives. These stock repurchase programs have no expiration from the date of authorization.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased approximately $250 million of our common stock under our stock repurchase programs. As of March 31, 2023, a total of approximately $2.6 billion remained available for future repurchases of our common stock under our stock repurchase programs.
We expect, subject to market conditions and other uncertainties, to continue making opportunistic and programmatic repurchases of our common stock. However, our stock repurchase programs may be limited or terminated at any time without prior notice. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including corporate and regulatory requirements, price and other market conditions and management’s determination as to the appropriate use of our cash.
(2)Excludes broker commissions and excise tax accruals.
Item 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5: Other Information
Not applicable.
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Item 6: Exhibits
The information required by this Item is set forth in the Index to Exhibits of this Quarterly Report.
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
| Exhibit Number | Filed or furnished with this 10-Q | Description | ||||||||||||
| 10.01+ | X | |||||||||||||
| 31.01 | X | |||||||||||||
| 31.02 | X | |||||||||||||
| 32.01 | X | |||||||||||||
| 32.02 | X | |||||||||||||
| 101 | X | The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 were formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity and (v) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | ||||||||||||
| 104 | X | Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | ||||||||||||
+ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| eBay Inc. | |||||||||||
| Principal Executive Officer: | |||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Jamie Iannone | ||||||||||
| Jamie Iannone | |||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
| Date: | April 27, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Principal Financial Officer: | |||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Steve Priest | ||||||||||
| Steve Priest | |||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||
| Date: | April 27, 2023 | ||||||||||
| Principal Accounting Officer: | |||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Rebecca Spencer | ||||||||||
| Rebecca Spencer | |||||||||||
| Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer | |||||||||||
| Date: | April 27, 2023 | ||||||||||
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