EchoStar CORP - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020.

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number: 001-33807

EchoStar Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada

26-1232727

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 Inverness Terrace East,

Englewood,

Colorado

80112-5308

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(303)

706-4000

Not Applicable

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Class A common stock

$0.001 par value

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

(Title of each class)

(Name of each exchange on which registered)

SATS

(Ticker symbol)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 29, 2020, the registrant’s outstanding common stock consisted of 50,458,521 shares of Class A common stock and 47,687,039 shares of Class B common stock, each $0.001 par value.

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Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		i

	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 (unaudited) and December 31, 2019 (audited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	48
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	71
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	71

	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	72
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	72
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	74
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	74
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	74
Item 5.	Other Information	74
Item 6.	Exhibits	76
	Signatures	77

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DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including but not limited to statements about our estimates, expectations, plans, objectives, strategies, financial condition, expected impact of regulatory developments and legal proceedings, opportunities in our industries and businesses and other trends and projections for the next fiscal quarter and beyond. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may also be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “seek,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “predict,” “continue,” “future,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may” and similar terms. These forward-looking statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Form 10-Q and represent management’s current views and assumptions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, events or results and involve potential known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which may be beyond our control and may pose a risk to our operating and financial condition. Accordingly, actual performance, events or results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors including, but not limited to:

•significant risks related to the construction and operation of our satellites, such as the risk of not being able to timely complete the construction, or a material malfunction on one or more, of our satellites and our general lack of commercial insurance coverage on our satellites;

•our ability and the ability of third parties with whom we engage in order to operate our business, including customers, suppliers, vendors, financing sources, governmental entities and others, to successfully or fully operate as a result of outbreaks of viruses or widespread illness, including existing, continuing and future impacts and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus;

•our ability to implement and/or realize benefits of our domestic and/or international investments, commercial alliances, partnerships, joint ventures, acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic initiatives and transactions;

•legal proceedings relating to the BSS Transaction or AGR (each as defined herein) matter, which could result in substantial costs and material adverse effects on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects;

•our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our current satellites and any future satellite we may construct or acquire;

•risks related to our foreign operations and other uncertainties associated with doing business internationally, including changes in foreign exchange rates between foreign currencies and the United States (“U.S.”) dollar, economic instability, political disturbances and the consequences of being subject to foreign regulation and foreign legal proceedings, including increased operations costs and potential fines and penalties for violations, which may be substantial;

•the failure of third-party providers of components, manufacturing, installation services and customer support services to appropriately deliver the contracted goods or services; and

•our ability to bring advanced technologies to market to keep pace with our customers and competitors.

Other factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the caption Risk Factors in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), those discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q and in Part II, Item 7 of our Form 10-K and those discussed in other documents we file with the SEC.

All cautionary statements made herein should be read as being applicable to all forward-looking statements wherever they appear. Investors should consider the risks and uncertainties described herein and should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We do not assume responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any forward-looking statements. We assume no responsibility for updating

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forward-looking information contained or incorporated by reference herein or in any documents we file with the SEC, except as required by law.

Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described herein or in any documents we file with the SEC occur, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements.

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	555,550	$	1,519,431
Marketable investment securities	1,950,804		940,623
Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net	190,950		196,629
Other current assets, net	192,724		179,531
Total current assets	2,890,028		2,836,214
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	2,372,594		2,528,738
Operating lease right-of-use assets	129,073		114,042
Goodwill	508,660		506,953
Regulatory authorizations, net	475,824		478,598
Other intangible assets, net	20,550		29,507
Other investments, net	284,238		325,405
Other non-current assets, net	344,569		334,841
Total non-current assets	4,135,508		4,318,084
Total assets	$	7,025,536	$	7,154,298

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	111,099	$	124,080
Current portion of long-term debt, net	897,303		—
Contract liabilities	89,622		101,060
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	276,703		270,879
Total current liabilities	1,374,727		496,019
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term debt, net	1,495,078		2,389,168
Deferred tax liabilities, net	352,948		351,692
Operating lease liabilities	115,376		96,941
Other non-current liabilities	74,271		74,925
Total non-current liabilities	2,037,673		2,912,726
Total liabilities	3,412,400		3,408,745

Commitments and contingencies


Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 4,000,000,000 shares authorized:
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value, 1,600,000,000 shares authorized, 57,140,432 shares issued and 50,458,512 shares outstanding at September 30, 2020 and 56,592,251 shares issued and 50,107,330 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019	57		57
Class B convertible common stock, $0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, 47,687,039 shares issued and outstanding at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	48		48
Class C convertible common stock, $0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	—		—
Class D common stock, $0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	3,317,868		3,290,483
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(209,538)		(122,138)
Accumulated earnings (losses)	583,474		632,809
Treasury stock, at cost	(137,347)		(131,454)
Total EchoStar Corporation stockholders’ equity	3,554,562		3,669,805
Non-controlling interests	58,574		75,748
Total stockholders’ equity	3,613,136		3,745,553
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	7,025,536	$	7,154,298

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenue:
Services and other revenue	$	426,532	$	406,537	$	1,251,932	$	1,211,991
Equipment revenue	46,970		65,725		146,702		175,084
Total revenue	473,502		472,262		1,398,634		1,387,075
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales - services and other (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	146,577		143,842		432,848		429,869
Cost of sales - equipment (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	37,079		51,188		115,529		142,744
Selling, general and administrative expenses	115,358		122,629		354,437		383,952
Research and development expenses	7,676		6,136		21,378		19,411
Depreciation and amortization	129,822		122,374		392,077		361,619
Total costs and expenses	436,512		446,169		1,316,269		1,337,595
Operating income (loss)	36,990		26,093		82,365		49,480
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	7,364		17,175		33,707		64,817
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	(37,967)		(49,865)		(112,458)		(156,813)
Gains (losses) on investments, net	14,998		8,295		(37,764)		28,087
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(2,134)		(3,209)		(5,866)		(14,317)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	6,681		(15,094)		(2,603)		(14,501)
Other, net	291		(1,493)		(379)		(1,527)
Total other income (expense), net	(10,767)		(44,191)		(125,363)		(94,254)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	26,223		(18,098)		(42,998)		(44,774)
Income tax benefit (provision), net	(2,950)		(5,016)		(6,309)		(12,607)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	23,273		(23,114)		(49,307)		(57,381)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	—		2,008		—		46,223
Net income (loss)	23,273		(21,106)		(49,307)		(11,158)
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	2,167		2,797		9,040		1,359
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	25,440	$	(18,309)	$	(40,267)	$	(9,799)

Earnings (losses) per share - Class A and B common stock:
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) from continuing operations per share	$	0.26	$	(0.21)	$	(0.41)	$	(0.58)
Total basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share	$	0.26	$	(0.19)	$	(0.41)	$	(0.10)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income (loss)	$	23,273	$	(21,106)	$	(49,307)	$	(11,158)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation	(11,585)		(14,539)		(112,100)		(10,732)
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities	27		8		(248)		3,299
Other	6,900		2,367		4,322		1,435
Amounts reclassified to net income (loss):
Realized losses (gains) on available-for-sale debt securities	(1)		—		(1)		(566)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(4,659)		(12,164)		(108,027)		(6,564)
Comprehensive income (loss)	18,614		(33,270)		(157,334)		(17,722)
Less: Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	4,098		2,797		29,667		1,359
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation	$	22,712	$	(30,473)	$	(127,667)	$	(16,363)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 AND 2019

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Earnings (Losses)		Treasury Stock, at cost		Non-controlling Interests		Total
Balance, June 30, 2019	$	104	$	3,777,499	$	(119,500)	$	704,236	$	(131,454)	$	12,066	$	4,242,951
Issuances of Class A common stock:
Exercise of stock options	—		2,640		—		—		—		—		2,640

Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		2,650		—		—		—		—		2,650
Stock-based compensation	—		2,287		—		—		—		—		2,287
R&D tax credits utilized by DISH Network	—		(13)		—		—		—		—		(13)
Purchase of non-controlling interest	—		1,833		—		—		—		(1,833)		—
BSS Transaction	—		(535,103)		—		—		—		—		(535,103)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		(12,164)		—		—		—		(12,164)
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		(18,309)		—		(2,797)		(21,106)
Other, net	—		15		—		—		—		1,758		1,773
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	104	$	3,251,808	$	(131,664)	$	685,927	$	(131,454)	$	9,194	$	3,683,915

Balance, June 30, 2020	$	105	$	3,311,861	$	(206,810)	$	558,034	$	(137,347)	$	58,425	$	3,584,268
Issuances of Class A common stock:
Exercise of stock options	—		477		—		—		—		—		477

Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		2,766		—		—		—		—		2,766
Stock-based compensation	—		2,378		—		—		—		—		2,378


Contribution by non-controlling interest holder	—		—		—		—		—		4,268		4,268
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		(6,670)		—		—		(1,931)		(8,601)
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		25,440		—		(2,167)		23,273

Other, net	—		386		3,942		—		—		(21)		4,307
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	105	$	3,317,868	$	(209,538)	$	583,474	$	(137,347)	$	58,574	$	3,613,136

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 AND 2019

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Earnings (Losses)		Treasury Stock, at cost		Non-controlling Interests		Total
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	102	$	3,702,522	$	(125,100)	$	694,129	$	(131,454)	$	15,275	$	4,155,474
Issuances of Class A common stock:
Exercise of stock options	2		64,141		—		—		—		—		64,143
Employee benefits	—		6,654		—		—		—		—		6,654
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		7,724		—		—		—		—		7,724
Stock-based compensation	—		7,120		—		—		—		—		7,120
R&D tax credits utilized by DISH Network	—		(432)		—		—		—		—		(432)
Purchase of non-controlling interest	—		(833)		—		—		—		(6,480)		(7,313)
BSS Transaction	—		(535,103)		—		—		—		—		(535,103)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		(6,564)		—		—		—		(6,564)
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		(9,799)		—		(1,359)		(11,158)
Other, net	—		15		—		1,597		—		1,758		3,370
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	104	$	3,251,808	$	(131,664)	$	685,927	$	(131,454)	$	9,194	$	3,683,915

Balance, December 31, 2019	$	105	$	3,290,483	$	(122,138)	$	632,809	$	(131,454)	$	75,748	$	3,745,553
Cumulative effect of accounting changes	—		—		—		(9,068)		—		(240)		(9,308)
Balance, January 1, 2020	105		3,290,483		(122,138)		623,741		(131,454)		75,508		3,736,245
Issuances of Class A common stock:
Exercise of stock options	—		983		—		—		—		—		983
Employee benefits	—		6,920		—		—		—		—		6,920
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		8,066		—		—		—		—		8,066
Stock-based compensation	—		6,887		—		—		—		—		6,887

Issuance of equity and contribution of assets pursuant to the Yahsat JV formation	—		4,338		—		—		—		(1,514)		2,824
Contribution by non-controlling interest holder	—				—		—		—		14,268		14,268
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—				(91,342)		—		—		(20,627)		(111,969)
Net income (loss)	—				—		(40,267)		—		(9,040)		(49,307)
Treasury share repurchase	—				—		—		(5,893)				(5,893)
Other, net	—		191		3,942		—		—		(21)		4,112
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	105	$	3,317,868	$	(209,538)	$	583,474	$	(137,347)	$	58,574	$	3,613,136

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(49,307)	$	(11,158)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	392,077		459,054
Losses (gains) on investments, net	37,764		(28,087)
Equity in losses (earnings) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	5,866		14,317
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	2,603		14,501
Deferred tax provision (benefit), net	4,474		22,949
Stock-based compensation	6,887		7,120
Amortization of debt issuance costs	3,212		4,882
Dividends received from unconsolidated affiliates	—		2,716
Other, net	(9,145)		9,617
Changes in assets and liabilities, net:
Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net	(9,157)		(5,439)
Other current assets, net	(21,090)		(42,140)
Trade accounts payable	(17,824)		18,180
Contract liabilities	(11,438)		37,273
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	29,155		27,972
Non-current assets and non-current liabilities, net	1,325		1,303
Net cash flows from operating activities	365,402		533,060

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable investment securities	(2,234,671)		(655,265)
Sales and maturities of marketable investment securities	1,231,790		1,988,078
Expenditures for property and equipment	(295,041)		(314,861)
Expenditures for externally marketed software	(27,824)		(21,364)
Purchase of other investments	(5,500)		—
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates	—		(7,503)

Dividend received from unconsolidated affiliate	—		2,284


Net cash flows from investing activities	(1,331,246)		991,369

Cash flows from financing activities:
Repurchase and maturity of the 2019 Senior Secured Notes	—		(920,923)
Payment of finance lease obligations	(606)		(29,135)
Payment of in-orbit incentive obligations	(1,268)		(5,269)
Net proceeds from Class A common stock options exercised	983		64,143
Net proceeds from Class A common stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan	8,066		7,724
Treasury share purchase	(5,893)		—
Contribution by non-controlling interest holder	14,268		—
Purchase of non-controlling interest	—		(7,313)
Other, net	998		758
Net cash flows from financing activities	16,548		(890,015)

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(8,348)		(411)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(957,644)		634,003
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted amounts, beginning of period	1,521,889		929,495
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted amounts, end of period	$	564,245	$	1,563,498

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Principal Business

EchoStar Corporation (which, together with its subsidiaries, is referred to as “EchoStar,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) is a holding company that was organized in October 2007 as a corporation under the laws of the State of Nevada and has operated as a separately traded public company from DISH Network Corporation (“DISH”) since 2008. Our Class A common stock is publicly traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “SATS.”

We are a global provider of broadband satellite technologies, broadband internet services for consumer customers, which include home and small to medium-sized businesses, and satellite services. We also deliver innovative network technologies, managed services and communications solutions for enterprise customers, which include aeronautical and government enterprises. We operate in the following two business segments:

•Hughes — which provides broadband satellite technologies and broadband internet services to domestic and international consumer customers and broadband network technologies, managed services, equipment, hardware, satellite services and communication solutions to service providers and enterprise customers. The Hughes segment also designs, provides and installs gateway and terminal equipment to customers for other satellite systems. In addition, our Hughes segment designs, develops, constructs and provides telecommunication networks comprising satellite ground segment systems and terminals to mobile system operators and our enterprise customers.

•ESS — which uses certain of our owned and leased in-orbit satellites and related licenses to provide satellite services on a full-time and/or occasional-use basis to U.S. government service providers, internet service providers, broadcast news organizations, content providers and private enterprise customers.

Our operations also include various corporate departments (primarily Executive, Treasury, Strategic Development, Human Resources, IT, Finance, Accounting, Real Estate and Legal) and other activities, such as costs incurred in certain satellite development programs and other business development activities, and gains or losses from certain of our investments, that have not been assigned to our business segments. These activities, costs and income, as well as eliminations of intersegment transactions, are accounted for in Corporate and Other. We also divide our operations by primary geographic market as follows: (i) North America (the U.S. and its territories, Mexico, and Canada); (ii) South and Central America; and (iii) Other (Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, India, and the Middle East). Refer to Note 14. Segment Reporting for further detail.

In September 2019, pursuant to a master transaction agreement (the “Master Transaction Agreement”) with DISH and a wholly-owned subsidiary of DISH (“Merger Sub”), (i) we transferred certain real property and the various businesses, products, licenses, technology, revenues, billings, operating activities, assets and liabilities primarily related to the former portion of our ESS segment that managed, marketed and provided (1) broadcast satellite services primarily to DISH and its subsidiaries (together with DISH, “DISH Network”) and our joint venture Dish Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Dish Mexico”) and its subsidiaries, and (2) telemetry, tracking and control (“TT&C”) services for satellites owned by DISH Network and a portion of our other businesses (collectively, the “BSS Business”) to one of our former subsidiaries, EchoStar BSS Corporation (“BSS Corp.”), (ii) we distributed to each holder of shares of our Class A or Class B common stock entitled to receive consideration in the transaction an amount of shares of common stock of BSS Corp., par value $0.001 per share (“BSS Common Stock”), equal to one share of BSS Common Stock for each share of our Class A or Class B common stock owned by such stockholder (the “Distribution”); and (iii) immediately after the Distribution, (1) Merger Sub merged with and into BSS Corp. (the “Merger”), such that BSS Corp. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of DISH and with DISH then owning and operating the BSS Business, and (2) each issued and outstanding share of BSS Common Stock owned by EchoStar stockholders was converted into the right to receive 0.23523769 shares of DISH Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“DISH Common Stock”) ((i) - (iii) collectively, the “BSS Transaction”).

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and, as such, excluded from continuing operations and segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as presented in these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes (collectively, the “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”).

All amounts in the following footnotes reference results from continuing operations unless otherwise noted. Refer to Note 4. Discontinued Operations for further detail.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required for complete financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. However, our results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

All amounts presented in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise noted.

Refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K for a summary and discussion of our significant accounting policies, except as updated below.

Use of Estimates

We are required to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The most significant estimates and assumptions are used in determining: (i) inputs used to recognize revenue over time, including amortization periods for deferred contract acquisition costs; (ii) allowances for doubtful accounts; (iii) deferred taxes and related valuation allowances, including uncertain tax positions; (iv) loss contingencies; (v) fair value of financial instruments; (vi) fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations; and (vii) asset impairment testing.

We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience, observable market inputs and on various other factors that we believe to be relevant under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts and such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements. Additionally, changing economic and other conditions may increase the inherent uncertainty in the estimates and assumptions indicated above. We review our estimates and assumptions periodically and the effects of revisions thereto are reflected in the period they occur or prospectively if the revised estimates or assumptions affect future periods.

Principles of Consolidation

We consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. We are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary and in other entities in which we own more than 50% of the outstanding voting shares and other shareholders do not have substantive rights to participate in management. For entities we control but do not wholly own, we record a non-controlling interest within stockholders’ equity for the portion of the entity’s equity attributed to the non-controlling ownership interests. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.

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Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Credit Losses

On January 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), as amended, and codified in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 326 (“ASC 326”). ASC 326 introduces a new approach to the periodic estimation of credit losses for certain financial assets based on expected losses instead of incurred losses. It also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and provides a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets that have experienced credit deterioration since their original purchase. We have elected to apply the requirements of the new standard prospectively and we recognized a cumulative effect of adoption of $9.1 million to Accumulated earnings (losses) as of January 1, 2020. Based on this election, we did not restate our comparative Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and they continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the periods before January 1, 2020.

The following describes the accounting impacts, by major balance sheet line item, of our adoption of this new standard based on the relevant types of losses that we and our equity method investees may be subject to:

•Trade Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, Net — Our trade accounts receivables and contract assets consist of amounts due from both our consumer and enterprise customers. Our receivables and related credit losses for our consumer customers are limited due to policies that require advance payment for services, predominant use of credit card and ACH payment processes, and our ability to promptly terminate service when timely payments are not received. However, for our enterprise customers, we estimate expected credit losses on a collective basis based on our historical loss experience, as adjusted to reflect changes in relevant factors, such as macroeconomic conditions and customer mix, that can significantly impact collectability.

We apply our collective estimation processes separately to several pools of receivables that share common risk characteristics, generally based on the customers’ geographical location. Customers with significant past-due balances or other atypical characteristics are excluded from our collective analysis and evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Our estimates of expected credit losses for such receivables reflect significant judgments that consider customer-specific matters such as the customer’s financial condition, payment history, and recent developments in the customer’s business and industry. Due to the short-term nature of our trade receivables and contract assets, forecasts about the future have limited relevance to our expected credit loss estimates.

We record our customer related estimated credit losses as a component of our bad debt expense as reported in Selling, general and administrative expenses.

•Other Current Assets, Net, and Other Non-current Assets, Net — We estimate expected credit losses for receivables with payment terms longer than one year separately by borrower, due to the unique risk characteristics of such receivables. We generally use discounted cash flow techniques to estimate such credit losses. In applying such techniques, we may estimate principal and interest cash flows under probability-weighted scenarios that consider entity-specific matters and forecasted economic conditions. The majority of our other non-current receivables are from entities in the telecommunications industry. The collection of contractual principal and interest on these receivables is highly dependent on the future business operations of those entities. Our estimation of expected credit losses for such receivables requires significant judgment about matters specific to the borrower and their industry. Accordingly, our actual collection experience may differ from the assumptions reflected in our expected credit loss estimates.

We record our estimated credit losses as a component of our bad debt expense as reported in Selling, general and administrative expenses.

•Other Investments, Net — We estimate expected credit losses on our other debt investments with payment terms longer than one year separately by debtor, due to the unique risk characteristics of such debt investments. We generally use discounted cash flow techniques to estimate such credit losses. In

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applying such techniques, we may estimate principal and interest cash flows under probability-weighted scenarios that consider entity-specific matters and forecasted economic conditions. The majority of our other debt investments are with entities in the telecommunications industry. The collection of contractual principal and interest on these debt investments are highly dependent on the future business operations of those entities. Our estimation of expected credit losses for such debt investments require significant judgment about matters specific to the debtor and their industry. Accordingly, our actual collection experience may differ from the assumptions reflected in our expected credit loss estimates.

We record our other debt investments related estimated credit losses as a reduction of Interest income, net.

Financial Impact of Adoption. Our adoption of this new standard resulted in the following adjustments to our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet:


	Balance at December 31, 2019		Adoption of ASC 326 Increase (Decrease)		Balance at January 1, 2020
Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net	$	196,629	$	(13,672)	$	182,957
Other current assets, net	$	179,531	$	6,723	$	186,254
Other investments, net	$	325,405	$	(7,381)	$	318,024
Other non-current assets, net	$	334,841	$	4,050	$	338,891
Total assets	$	7,154,298	$	(10,280)	$	7,144,018
Deferred tax liabilities, net	$	351,692	$	(972)	$	350,720
Accumulated earnings (losses)	$	632,809	$	(9,068)	$	623,741
Non-controlling interests	$	75,748	$	(240)	$	75,508
Total stockholders’ equity	$	3,745,553	$	(9,308)	$	3,736,245
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	7,154,298	$	(10,280)	$	7,144,018

The application of ASC 326 requirements did not materially affect our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 is part of the FASB’s overall simplification initiative and seeks to simplify the accounting for income taxes by updating certain guidance and removing certain exceptions. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We have assessed the impact of adopting this new guidance and do not expect it to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), codified as ASC 848 (“ASC 848”). The purpose of ASC 848 is to provide optional guidance to ease the potential effects on financial reporting of the market-wide migration away from Interbank Offered Rates to alternative reference rates. ASC 848 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference a reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance may be applied upon issuance of ASC 848 through December 31, 2022. We expect to utilize the optional expedients provided by the guidance for contracts amended solely to use an alternative reference rate. We have evaluated the impact of adopting this new guidance and do not expect it to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Contract Balances

The following table presents the components of our contract balances:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net:
Sales and services	$	162,390	$	152,632
Leasing	4,065		4,016
Total trade accounts receivable	166,455		156,648
Contract assets	43,896		63,758
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(19,401)		(23,777)
Total trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net	$	190,950	$	196,629

Contract liabilities:
Current	$	89,622	$	101,060
Non-current	11,663		10,572
Total contract liabilities	$	101,285	$	111,632

The following table presents the revenue recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations that was previously included within contract liabilities:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenue	$	3,794	$	19,490	$	63,581	$	67,263

The following table presents the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts:


	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	23,777	$	16,604
Credit losses (1)	12,253		22,031
Deductions	(15,367)		(13,979)
Foreign currency translation	(1,262)		596
Balance at end of period	$	19,401	$	25,252

(1) The impact of adopting ASC 326 on January 1, 2020 was a net decrease to our allowance for doubtful accounts largely driven by a $13.4 million reclassification to Other current assets, net and Other non-current assets, net, offset by a $2.9 million adjustment to Accumulated earnings (losses).

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Contract Acquisition Costs

The following table presents the activity in our contract acquisition costs, net:


	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	113,592	$	114,306
Additions	68,589		71,651
Amortization expense	(75,429)		(72,412)
Foreign currency translation	(2,984)		(1,012)
Balance at end of period	$	103,768	$	112,533

We recognized amortization expenses related to contract acquisition costs of $25.7 million and $24.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2020, the remaining performance obligations for our customer contracts with original expected durations of more than one year was $677.9 million. We expect to recognize 38.9% of our remaining performance obligations of these contracts as revenue in the next twelve months. This amount excludes agreements with consumer customers in our Hughes segment, our leasing arrangements and agreements with certain customers under which collectability of all amounts due through the term of contracts is uncertain.

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Disaggregation of Revenue

Geographic Information

The following table presents our revenue from customer contracts disaggregated by primary geographic market and by segment:


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2020
North America	$	392,950	$	4,402	$	2,298	$	399,650
South and Central America	38,578		—		40		38,618
Other	35,234		—		—		35,234
Total revenue	$	466,762	$	4,402	$	2,338	$	473,502

For the three months ended September 30, 2019
North America	$	389,264	$	4,098	$	4,323	$	397,685
South and Central America	31,747		—		106		31,853
Other	42,724		—		—		42,724
Total revenue	$	463,735	$	4,098	$	4,429	$	472,262

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
North America	$	1,160,288	$	13,233	$	6,753	$	1,180,274
South and Central America	106,495		—		232		106,727
Other	111,633		—		—		111,633
Total revenue	$	1,378,416	$	13,233	$	6,985	$	1,398,634

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
North America	$	1,129,491	$	11,873	$	13,934	$	1,155,298
South and Central America	89,005		—		349		89,354
Other	142,423		—		—		142,423
Total revenue	$	1,360,919	$	11,873	$	14,283	$	1,387,075

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Nature of Products and Services

The following tables presents our revenue disaggregated by the nature of products and services and by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2020
Services and other revenue:
Services	$	409,119	$	2,804	$	1,037	$	412,960
Lease revenue	10,673		1,598		1,301		13,572
Total services and other revenue	419,792		4,402		2,338		426,532
Equipment revenue:
Equipment	29,387		—		—		29,387
Design, development and construction services	16,375		—		—		16,375
Lease revenue	1,208		—		—		1,208
Total equipment revenue	46,970		—		—		46,970
Total revenue	$	466,762	$	4,402	$	2,338	$	473,502

For the three months ended September 30, 2019
Services and other revenue:
Services	$	385,477	$	2,736	$	1,733	$	389,946
Lease revenue	12,533		1,362		2,696		16,591
Total services and other revenue	398,010		4,098		4,429		406,537
Equipment revenue:
Equipment	21,106		—		—		21,106
Design, development and construction services	42,328		—		—		42,328
Lease revenue	2,291		—		—		2,291
Total equipment revenue	65,725		—		—		65,725
Total revenue	$	463,735	$	4,098	$	4,429	$	472,262

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	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
Services and other revenue:
Services	$	1,198,816	$	8,133	$	3,318	$	1,210,267
Lease revenue	32,898		5,100		3,667		41,665
Total services and other revenue	1,231,714		13,233		6,985		1,251,932
Equipment revenue:
Equipment	72,744		—		—		72,744
Design, development and construction services	70,600		—		—		70,600
Lease revenue	3,358		—		—		3,358
Total equipment revenue	146,702		—		—		146,702
Total revenue	$	1,378,416	$	13,233	$	6,985	$	1,398,634

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
Services and other revenue:
Services	$	1,147,868	$	7,953	$	5,185	$	1,161,006
Lease revenue	37,967		3,920		9,098		50,985
Total services and other revenue	1,185,835		11,873		14,283		1,211,991
Equipment revenue:
Equipment	77,663		—		—		77,663
Design, development and construction services	93,254		—		—		93,254
Lease revenue	4,167		—		—		4,167
Total equipment revenue	175,084		—		—		175,084
Total revenue	$	1,360,919	$	11,873	$	14,283	$	1,387,075

Lease Revenue

The following table presents our lease revenue by type of lease:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Sales-type lease revenue:
Revenue at lease commencement	$	1,208	$	2,291	$	3,358	$	4,167
Interest income	14		206		178		716
Total sales-type lease revenue	1,222		2,497		3,536		4,883
Operating lease revenue	13,558		16,385		41,487		50,269
Total lease revenue	$	14,780	$	18,882	$	45,023	$	55,152

Substantially all of our net investment in sales-type leases consisted of lease receivables totaling $10.6 million and $6.5 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

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The following table presents future operating lease payments to be received as of September 30, 2020:


	Amounts
Year ending December 31,
2020 (remainder)	$	11,977
2021	37,729
2022	34,207
2023	32,100
2024	29,771
2025 and beyond	127,485
Total lease payments	$	273,269

The following table presents amounts for assets subject to operating leases, which are included in Property and equipment, net:


	As of
	September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Cost		Accumulated Depreciation		Net		Cost		Accumulated Depreciation		Net
Customer premises equipment	$	1,537,274	$	(1,198,056)	$	339,218	$	1,377,914	$	(1,043,431)	$	334,483
Satellites	104,620		(36,591)		68,029		104,620		(31,360)		73,260
Real estate	48,275		(16,855)		31,420		46,930		(16,048)		30,882
Total	$	1,690,169	$	(1,251,502)	$	438,667	$	1,529,464	$	(1,090,839)	$	438,625

The following table presents depreciation expense for assets subject to operating leases, which is included in Depreciation and amortization:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Customer premises equipment	$	54,059	$	45,546	$	154,625	$	138,197
Satellites	1,744		1,802		5,231		5,277
Real estate	245		232		710		697
Total	$	56,048	$	47,580	$	160,566	$	144,171

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NOTE 4. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

BSS Business

The following table presents the financial results of our discontinued operations for the BSS Business:


	For the three months ended September 30, 2019		For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
Revenue:
Services and other revenue - DISH Network	$	54,297	$	195,942
Services and other revenue - other	4,512		16,261
Total revenue	58,809		212,203
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales - services and other (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	7,315		28,057
Selling, general and administrative expenses	5,369		8,810
Depreciation and amortization	27,048		97,435
Total costs and expenses	39,732		134,302
Operating income (loss)	19,077		77,901
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(4,767)		(17,865)
Total other income (expense), net	(4,767)		(17,865)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes	14,310		60,036
Income tax benefit (provision), net	(12,302)		(13,813)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	2,008	$	46,223

No assets or liabilities attributable to our discontinued operations of the BSS Business were held by us as of September 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

The following table presents the significant supplemental cash flow information and adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow from operating activities for discontinued operations of the BSS Business for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:


	Amounts
Operating activities:
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	46,223
Depreciation and amortization	$	97,435

Investing activities:
Expenditures for property and equipment	$	510

Financing activities:
Payment of finance lease obligations	$	27,203
Payment of in-orbit incentive obligations	$	4,474

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Terminated or Transferred Related Party Agreements

Effective September 10, 2019, the following agreements were terminated or transferred to DISH Network as part of the BSS Transaction. Unless noted differently below, we have no further obligations and have neither earned additional revenue nor incurred additional expense, as applicable, under or in connection with these agreements after the consummation of the BSS Transaction.

Satellite Capacity Leased to DISH Network. We entered into certain agreements to lease satellite capacity pursuant to which we provided satellite services to DISH Network on certain satellites, as listed below, owned or leased by us. The fees for the services provided under these agreements depended, among other things, upon the orbital location of the applicable satellite, the number of transponders that provided services on the applicable satellite and the length of the service arrangements. The terms of each of the agreements are set forth below:

•EchoStar VII, EchoStar X, EchoStar XI and EchoStar XIV — In March 2014, we began leasing certain satellite capacity to DISH Network on the EchoStar VII satellite, the EchoStar X satellite, the EchoStar XI satellite and the EchoStar XIV satellite.

•EchoStar XII — DISH Network leased satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar XII satellite.

•EchoStar XVI — In December 2009, we entered into an agreement to lease satellite capacity to DISH Network, pursuant to which DISH Network leased satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar XVI satellite beginning in January 2013.

•Nimiq 5 Agreement — In September 2009, we entered into an agreement with Telesat Canada to lease satellite capacity from Telesat Canada on all 32 direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) transponders on the Nimiq 5 satellite at the 72.7 degree west longitude orbital location (the “Telesat Transponder Agreement”). In September 2009, we entered into an agreement with DISH Network, pursuant to which DISH Network leased satellite capacity from us on all 32 of the DBS transponders covered by the Telesat Transponder Agreement (the “DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement”). Under the terms of the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement, DISH Network made certain monthly payments to us that commenced in September 2009, when the Nimiq 5 satellite was placed into service. Following the consummation of the BSS Transaction, we retained certain obligations related to DISH Network’s performance under the Telesat Transponder Agreement.

•QuetzSat-1 Agreement — In November 2008, we entered into an agreement to lease satellite capacity from SES Latin America, which provided, among other things, for the provision by SES Latin America to us of leased satellite capacity on 32 DBS transponders on the QuetzSat-1 satellite. Concurrently, in 2008, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network leased from us satellite capacity on 24 of the DBS transponders on the QuetzSat-1 satellite. The QuetzSat-1 satellite was launched in September 2011 and was placed into service in November 2011 at the 67.1 degree west longitude orbital location. In January 2013, the QuetzSat-1 satellite was moved to the 77 degree west longitude orbital location. In February 2013, we and DISH Network entered into an agreement pursuant to which we leased back from DISH Network certain satellite capacity on five DBS transponders on the QuetzSat-1 satellite.

TT&C Agreement. Effective January 2012, we entered into a TT&C agreement pursuant to which we provided TT&C services to DISH Network, which we subsequently amended (the “2012 TT&C Agreement”). The fees for services provided under the 2012 TT&C Agreement were calculated at either: (i) a fixed fee or (ii) cost plus a fixed margin, which varied depending on the nature of the services provided.

Real Estate Leases to DISH Network. We entered into lease agreements pursuant to which DISH Network leased certain real estate from us. The rent on a per square foot basis for each of the leases or subsequent amendments was comparable to per square foot rental rates of similar commercial property in the same geographic area at the time of the leases or subsequent amendments and DISH Network was responsible for its portion of the taxes, insurance, utilities and maintenance of the premises. These components of the BSS Transaction do not qualify for discontinued operations treatment, and therefore the revenue from these lease agreements has not been treated as discontinued operations. The terms of each of the leases are set forth below:

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•Santa Fe Lease Agreement — DISH Network leased from us all of 5701 S. Santa Fe Dr., Littleton, Colorado. In connection with the BSS Transaction, we transferred this property to DISH Network.

•Cheyenne Lease Agreement — During 2017, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with DISH and certain of its subsidiaries whereby we and certain of our subsidiaries received all the shares of preferred tracking stock previously issued by us and one of our subsidiaries (the “Tracking Stock”) in exchange for 100% of the equity interests of certain of our subsidiaries that held substantially all of our former EchoStar Technologies businesses and certain other assets (collectively, the “Share Exchange”). Prior to the Share Exchange, we leased to DISH Network certain space at 530 EchoStar Drive, Cheyenne, Wyoming. In connection with the Share Exchange, we transferred ownership of a portion of this property to DISH Network and we and DISH Network amended this agreement to, among other things, provide for a continued lease to DISH Network of the portion of the property we retained (the “Cheyenne Data Center”). In connection with the BSS Transaction, we transferred the Cheyenne Data Center to DISH Network.

Real Estate Leases from DISH Network. We entered into a lease agreement pursuant to which we leased from DISH Network certain space at 801 N. DISH Dr. in Gilbert, Arizona for the Satellite Operations Center and Satellite Access Center. The rent on a per square foot basis was comparable to per square foot rental rates of similar commercial property in the same geographic area at the time of the leases or subsequent amendments and included our portion of the taxes, insurance, utilities and certain maintenance of the premises. In connection with the BSS Transaction, we terminated this lease and transferred the Gilbert Satellite Operations Center, including any and all equipment, software, processes, software licenses, hardware licenses, furniture and technical documentation located within, to DISH Network.

NOTE 5. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

In May 2019, we entered into an agreement with Al Yah Satellite Communications Company PrJSC (“Yahsat”) pursuant to which, in November 2019, Yahsat contributed its satellite communications services business in Brazil to one of our Brazilian subsidiaries in exchange for a 20% equity ownership interest in that subsidiary (the “Yahsat Brazil JV Transaction”). The combined business provides broadband internet services and enterprise solutions in Brazil using the Telesat T19V satellite, the Eutelsat 65W satellite and Yahsat’s Al Yah 3 satellite. The results of operations related to the business we acquired from Yahsat have been included in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition. Through September 30, 2020, we have incurred $1.6 million of costs associated with the closing of the Yahsat Brazil JV Transaction.

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All assets and liabilities acquired from Yahsat have been recorded at fair value. The following table presents our updated preliminary allocation of the purchase price:


	Amounts
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,110
Other current assets, net	7,106
Property and equipment	86,983
Regulatory authorization	4,498
Goodwill	6,076
Other non-current assets, net	1,502
Total assets	$	114,275

Liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	3,879
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	4,796
Total liabilities	$	8,675

Total purchase price (1)	$	105,600

(1) Based on the value determined for the equity ownership interest issued by our Brazilian subsidiary as consideration for the business acquired by us in the Yahsat Brazil JV Transaction.

The following preliminary valuation of the acquired assets was derived using primarily unobservable Level 3 inputs, which require significant management judgment and estimation:


	Amounts
Satellite payload	$	49,363
Regulatory authorization	4,498
Total	$	53,861

The satellite payload and regulatory authorization were valued using an income approach and are being amortized over seven and 11 years, respectively.

The goodwill we recognized was allocated entirely to our Hughes segment and attributed to expected synergies, projected long-term business growth in current and new markets and an assembled workforce.

NOTE 6. EARNINGS PER SHARE

We present basic and diluted earnings or losses per share (“EPS”) for our Class A and Class B common stock. Basic EPS for our Class A and Class B common stock excludes potential dilution and is computed by dividing Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if shares of common stock were issued pursuant to our stock-based compensation awards. The potential dilution from common stock awards is computed using the treasury stock method based on the average market value of our Class A common stock during the period.

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The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock:
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	25,440	$	(20,317)	$	(40,267)	$	(56,022)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	—		2,008		—		46,223
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	25,440	$	(18,309)	$	(40,267)	$	(9,799)

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Class A and B common stock:


Basic and diluted	98,004		97,455		97,898		96,426

Earnings (losses) per share:
Class A and B common stock:
Basic and diluted:
Continuing operations	$	0.26	$	(0.21)	$	(0.41)	$	(0.58)
Discontinued operations	—		0.02		—		0.48
Total basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share	$	0.26	$	(0.19)	$	(0.41)	$	(0.10)

The following table presents the number of anti-dilutive options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock which have been excluded from the calculation of our diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding:


	For the three months ended September 30,		For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020	2019	2020	2019
Number of shares	4,263	3,266	4,827	3,203

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NOTE 7. MARKETABLE INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The following table presents our Marketable investment securities:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Marketable investment securities:
Debt securities:
Available-for-sale:
Corporate bonds	$	305,775	$	568,442
Commercial paper	1,330,726		321,706
Other debt securities	270,444		13,874
Total available-for-sale debt securities	1,906,945		904,022
Fair value option - corporate bonds	26,355		9,128
Total debt securities	1,933,300		913,150
Equity securities	18,349		35,566
Total marketable investment securities, including restricted amounts	1,951,649		948,716
Less: Restricted marketable investment securities	(845)		(8,093)
Total marketable investment securities	$	1,950,804	$	940,623

Debt Securities

Our corporate bond portfolio includes debt instruments issued by individual corporations, primarily in the industrial and financial services industries. Our commercial paper portfolio includes instruments issued by individual corporations, primarily in the industrial, financial services and utilities industries. Our other debt securities portfolio includes investments in various debt instruments, including U.S. government bonds and mutual funds. We consider all liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.

Available-for-Sale

The following table presents the components of our available-for-sale debt securities:


	Amortized		Unrealized				Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
As of September 30, 2020
Corporate bonds	$	305,628	$	152	$	(5)	$	305,775
Commercial paper	1,330,726		—		—		1,330,726
Other debt securities	270,433		11		—		270,444
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	1,906,787	$	163	$	(5)	$	1,906,945

As of December 31, 2019
Corporate bonds	$	567,926	$	518	$	(2)	$	568,442
Commercial paper	321,705		1		—		321,706
Other debt securities	13,867		7		—		13,874
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	903,498	$	526	$	(2)	$	904,022

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The following table presents the activity on our available-for-sale debt securities:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Proceeds from sales	$	4,997	$	—	$	14,997	$	435,978




Gains (losses) on sales, net	$	1	$	—	$	1	$	549

As of September 30, 2020, we have $1.9 billion of available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities of one year or less and $7.9 million with contractual maturities greater than one year.

Fair Value Option

The following table presents the activity on our fair value option corporate bonds:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Proceeds from sales	$	1,906	$	—	$	1,906	$	46,717
Gains (losses) on investments, net	$	15,882	$	1,936	$	11,377	$	6,358

Equity Securities

The following table presents the activity of our equity securities:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Proceeds from sales	$	9,493	$	22,847	$	14,346	$	102,775
Gains (losses) on investments, net	$	68	$	8,473	$	(8,535)	$	51,750

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Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents our marketable investment securities categorized by the fair value hierarchy, certain of which have historically experienced volatility:


	As of
	September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
Cash equivalents (including restricted)	$	49,755	$	425,893	$	475,648	$	31,451	$	1,408,043	$	1,439,494
Debt securities:
Available-for-sale:
Corporate bonds	$	—	$	305,775	$	305,775	$	—	$	568,442	$	568,442
Commercial Paper	—		1,330,726		1,330,726		—		321,706		321,706
Other debt securities	268,915		1,529		270,444		8,093		5,781		13,874
Total available-for-sale debt securities	268,915		1,638,030		1,906,945		8,093		895,929		904,022
Fair value option - corporate bonds	—		26,355		26,355		—		9,128		9,128
Total debt securities	268,915		1,664,385		1,933,300		8,093		905,057		913,150
Equity securities	9,767		8,582		18,349		27,933		7,633		35,566
Total marketable investment securities, including restricted amounts	278,682		1,672,967		1,951,649		36,026		912,690		948,716
Less: Restricted marketable investment securities	(845)		—		(845)		(8,093)		—		(8,093)
Total marketable investment securities	$	277,837	$	1,672,967	$	1,950,804	$	27,933	$	912,690	$	940,623

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we did not have any investments that were categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

NOTE 8. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The following tables presents the components of Property and equipment, net:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Property and equipment, net:
Satellites, net	$	1,613,465	$	1,749,576
Other property and equipment, net	759,129		779,162
Total property and equipment, net	$	2,372,594	$	2,528,738

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Satellites

As of September 30, 2020, our operating satellite fleet consisted of 10 satellites, seven of which are owned and three of which are leased. They are all in geosynchronous orbit, approximately 22,300 miles above the equator.

The following table presents our operating satellite fleet as of September 30, 2020 which consists of both owned and leased satellites:

Satellite

Segment

Launch Date

Nominal Degree Orbital Location (Longitude)

Depreciable Life (In Years)

Owned:

SPACEWAY 3 (1)

Hughes

August 2007

95 W

EchoStar XVII

Hughes

July 2012

107 W

EchoStar XIX

Hughes

December 2016

97.1 W

Al Yah 3 (2)

Hughes

January 2018

20 W

EchoStar IX (3)

ESS

August 2003

121 W

EUTELSAT 10A (4)

Corporate and Other

April 2009

10 E

EchoStar XXI

Corporate and Other

June 2017

10.25 E

Finance leases:

Eutelsat 65 West A

Hughes

March 2016

65 W

Telesat T19V

Hughes

July 2018

63 W

EchoStar 105/SES-11

ESS

October 2017

105 W

(1) Depreciable life represents the remaining useful life as of June 8, 2011, the date EchoStar completed its acquisition of Hughes Communications, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Hughes Acquisition”).

(2) Upon consummation of our joint venture with Yahsat in Brazil in November 2019, we acquired the Brazilian Ka-band payload on this satellite. Depreciable life represents the remaining useful life as of November 2019.

(3) We own the Ka-band and Ku-band payloads on this satellite.

(4) We acquired the S-band payload on this satellite in December 2013. Prior to acquisition, the S-band payload experienced an anomaly at the time of launch and, as a result, is not fully operational.

The following table presents the components of our satellites, net:


	Depreciable Life (In Years)	As of
		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Satellites, net:
Satellites - owned	7 to 15	$	1,800,735	$	1,816,303
Satellites - acquired under finance leases	15	344,376		381,163
Construction in progress	—	391,288		365,133
Total satellites		2,536,399		2,562,599
Accumulated depreciation:
Satellites - owned		(856,787)		(756,635)
Satellites - acquired under finance leases		(66,147)		(56,388)
Total accumulated depreciation		(922,934)		(813,023)
Total satellites, net		$	1,613,465	$	1,749,576

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The following table presents the depreciation expense and capitalized interest associated with our satellites, net:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Depreciation expense:
Satellites - owned	$	32,073	$	32,620	$	96,220	$	96,650
Satellites acquired under finance leases	7,203		6,377		20,421		19,269
Total depreciation expense	$	39,276	$	38,997	$	116,641	$	115,919

Capitalized interest	$	7,261	$	6,062	$	20,839	$	16,418

Construction in Progress

Satellite Commitments

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our satellite-related obligations were $391.0 million and $419.0 million, respectively. These primarily include payments pursuant to agreements for the construction of the EchoStar XXIV satellite, payments pursuant to regulatory authorizations, non-lease costs associated with our finance lease satellites, in-orbit incentives relating to certain satellites and commitments for satellite service arrangements.

In certain circumstances, the dates on which we are obligated to pay our contractual obligations could change.

Satellite Anomalies and Impairments

We are not aware of any anomalies with respect to our owned or leased satellites or payloads that have had any significant adverse effect on their remaining useful lives, the commercial operation of the satellites or payloads or our operating results or financial position as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Satellite Insurance

We generally do not carry in-orbit insurance on our satellites or payloads because we have assessed that the cost of insurance is not economical relative to the risk of failures. Therefore, we generally bear the risk of any in-orbit failures. Pursuant to the terms of the agreements governing certain portions of our long-term debt and our joint venture agreements with Yahsat, we are required, subject to certain limitations on coverage, to maintain only for the SPACEWAY 3 satellite, the EchoStar XVII satellite and the Al Yah 3 Brazilian payload, insurance or other contractual arrangements during the commercial in-orbit service of such satellite or payload. Our other satellites and payloads, either in orbit or under construction, are not covered by launch or in-orbit insurance or other contractual arrangements. We will continue to assess circumstances going forward and make insurance-related decisions on a case-by-case basis.

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Fair Value of In-Orbit Incentives

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair values of our in-orbit incentive obligations from our continuing operations approximated their carrying amounts of $55.7 million and $57.0 million, respectively.

NOTE 9. REGULATORY AUTHORIZATIONS

The following table presents the components of our Regulatory authorizations, net:


	Finite lived
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Total		Indefinite lived		Total
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	46,787	$	(16,790)	$	29,997	$	400,042	$	430,039

Disposals	—		—		—		(43)		(43)
Amortization expense	—		(2,635)		(2,635)		—		(2,635)
Foreign currency translation	(1,986)		814		(1,172)		—		(1,172)
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	44,801	$	(18,611)	$	26,190	$	399,999	$	426,189

Balance, December 31, 2019	$	58,451	$	(20,144)	$	38,307	$	440,291	$	478,598


Amortization expense	—		(3,181)		(3,181)		—		(3,181)
Foreign currency translation	607		(929)		(322)		729		407
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	59,058	$	(24,254)	$	34,804	$	441,020	$	475,824

Weighted average useful life (in years)			13

Finite Lived Assets

In November 2019, we were granted an S-Band spectrum license for terrestrial rights in Mexico for $7.9 million. The acquired asset is subject to amortization over a period of 15 years.

In November 2019, we also acquired Ka-band spectrum rights for $4.5 million, upon consummation of the Yahsat Brazil JV Transaction, which are subject to amortization over a period of 11 years.

NOTE 10. OTHER INVESTMENTS

The following table presents the components of Other investments, net:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Other investments, net:
Equity method investments	$	151,899	$	166,209
Other equity investments	34,104		66,627
Other debt investments, net	98,235		92,569
Total other investments, net	$	284,238	$	325,405

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Equity Method Investments

Dish Mexico

We own 49% of Dish Mexico and its subsidiaries, a joint venture that we entered into in 2008 to provide direct-to-home satellite services in Mexico. Historically, we provided certain satellite services to Dish Mexico. However, following the consummation of the BSS Transaction, we no longer provide these services.

Deluxe/EchoStar LLC

We own 50% of Deluxe/EchoStar LLC (“Deluxe”), a joint venture that we entered into in 2010 to build an advanced digital cinema satellite distribution network targeting delivery to digitally equipped theaters in the U.S. and Canada.

Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited

In August 2018, we entered into an agreement with Yahsat to establish a new entity, Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited (together with its subsidiaries, “BCS”), to provide commercial Ka-band satellite broadband services across Africa, the Middle East and southwest Asia operating over Yahsat’s Al Yah 2 and Al Yah 3 Ka-band satellites. The transaction was consummated in December 2018 when we invested $100.0 million in cash in exchange for a 20% interest in BCS. Under the terms of the agreement, we may also acquire, for further cash investments, additional ownership interests in BCS in the future provided certain conditions are met. We supply network operations and management services and equipment to BCS.

Financial Information for Our Equity Method Investments

The following table presents revenue recognized:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Deluxe	$	1,067	$	878	$	3,340	$	2,632
BCS	$	2,190	$	1,690	$	6,643	$	6,236

The following table presents trade accounts receivable:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Deluxe	$	750	$	631
BCS	$	6,981	$	5,171

Other Equity Investments

The following table presents reductions to the carrying amount of our investments based on circumstances that indicated the fair value of the investments was less than their carrying amount:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Loss (gain) on investments, net	$	—	$	—	$	29,833	$	28,653

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Other Debt Investments, Net

The following table presents our other debt investments, net:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Other debt investments, net:
Cost basis	$	110,893	$	102,878
Discount	(10,243)		(10,309)
Allowance for credit losses	(2,415)		—
Total other debt investments, net	$	98,235	$	92,569

The following table presents the activity in our allowance for credit losses for these investments:


	For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	—
Credit losses(1)	2,415
Deductions	—
Balance at end of period	$	2,415

(1) The impact of adopting ASC 326 on January 1, 2020 was a $2.1 million adjustment to Accumulated earnings (losses).

The following table presents the interest income, net related to our other debt investments, net:


	For the three months ended September 30, 2020		For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
Interest income, net
Interest income	$	3,764	$	10,668
Credit losses	(93)		(269)
Total interest income, net	$	3,671	$	10,399

We did not recognize any interest income, net related to our other debt investments, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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NOTE 11. LONG-TERM DEBT

The following table presents the carrying amounts and fair values of our Current portion of long-term debt, net and Long-term debt, net:


	Effective interest rates	As of
		September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
		Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes:
5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026	5.320%	$	750,000	$	799,905	$	750,000	$	825,308
Senior Unsecured Notes:
7 5/8% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2021	8.062%	900,000		935,343		900,000		963,783
6 5/8% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026	6.688%	750,000		815,025		750,000		833,903
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs		(7,619)		—		(10,832)		—
Total long-term debt		2,392,381		2,550,273		2,389,168		2,622,994
Less: Current portion, net		(897,303)		(935,343)		—		—
Long-term debt, net		$	1,495,078	$	1,614,930	$	2,389,168	$	2,622,994

NOTE 12. INCOME TAXES

Our income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment.

Our interim income tax provision and our interim estimate of our annual effective tax rate are influenced by several factors, including foreign losses and capital gains and losses for which related deferred tax assets are partially offset by a valuation allowance, changes in tax laws and relative changes in unrecognized tax benefits. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be affected by the amount of pre-tax income or loss. For example, the impact of discrete items and non-deductible expenses on our effective tax rate is greater when our pre-tax income or loss is lower.

Our income tax provision was $3.0 million and $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. Our estimated effective income tax rate was 11.2% and (27.7)% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020, were primarily due to the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses, permanent book tax differences and the impact of state and local taxes, partially offset by research and experimentation credits. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were primarily due to the change in net unrealized gains that are capital in nature and research and experimentation credits, partially offset by the impact of state and local taxes and the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses.

Our income tax provision was $6.3 million and $12.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. Our estimated effective income tax rate was (14.7)% and (28.2)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily due to the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses, permanent book tax differences and the impact of state and local taxes, partially offset by the change in net unrealized losses that are capital in nature and research and experimentation credits. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were primarily due to the change in net unrealized gains that are capital in nature and research and experimentation credits, partially offset by the impact of state and local taxes and the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded additional tax expense of $2.0 million on deemed mandatory repatriation of certain deferred foreign earnings as the result of new treasury regulations.

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The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted in March 2020. The CARES Act features significant tax provisions and other measures to assist individuals and businesses impacted by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a five-year carryback of net operating losses, relaxation of Section 163(j) interest deduction limitations, acceleration of Alternative Minimum Tax refunds, relief for payroll tax and tax credits for employers who retain employees. These provisions did not affect our income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

NOTE 13. CONTINGENCIES

Patents and Intellectual Property

Many entities, including some of our competitors, have or may have in the future patents and other intellectual property rights that cover or affect products or services directly or indirectly related to those that we offer. We may not be aware of all patents and other intellectual property rights that our products and services may potentially infringe. Damages in patent infringement cases can be substantial, and in certain circumstances can be tripled. Further, we cannot estimate the extent to which we may be required in the future to obtain licenses with respect to intellectual property rights held by others and the availability and cost of any such licenses. Various parties have asserted patent and other intellectual property rights with respect to our products and services. We cannot be certain that these parties do not own the rights they claim, that these rights are not valid or that our products and services do not infringe on these rights. Further, we cannot be certain that we would be able to obtain licenses from these parties on commercially reasonable terms or, if we were unable to obtain such licenses, that we would be able to redesign our products and services to avoid infringement.

Certain Arrangements with DISH Network

In connection with our spin-off from DISH in 2008 (the “Spin-off”), we entered into a separation agreement with DISH Network that provides, among other things, for the division of certain liabilities, including liabilities resulting from litigation. Under the terms of the separation agreement, we assumed certain liabilities that relate to our business, including certain designated liabilities for acts or omissions that occurred prior to the Spin-off. Certain specific provisions govern intellectual property related claims under which we will generally only be liable for our acts or omissions following the Spin-off and DISH Network will indemnify us for any liabilities or damages resulting from intellectual property claims relating to the period prior to the Spin-off as well as DISH Network’s acts or omissions following the Spin-off. In connection with the Share Exchange and the BSS Transaction, we entered into the Share Exchange Agreement and the Master Transaction Agreement, respectively, and other agreements which provide, among other things, for the division of certain liabilities, including liabilities relating to taxes, intellectual property and employees and liabilities resulting from litigation and the assumption of certain liabilities that relate to the transferred businesses and assets. These agreements also contain additional indemnification provisions between us and DISH Network for, in the case of the Share Exchange, certain pre-existing liabilities and legal proceedings and, in the case of the BSS Transaction, certain losses with respect to breaches of certain representations and covenants and certain liabilities.

Litigation

We are involved in a number of legal proceedings against us concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business activities. Many of these proceedings are at preliminary stages and/or seek an indeterminate amount of damages. We regularly evaluate the status of the legal proceedings in which we are involved to assess whether a loss is probable and to determine if accruals are appropriate. We record an accrual for litigation and other loss contingencies when we determine that a loss is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If accruals are not appropriate, we further evaluate each legal proceeding to assess whether an estimate of possible loss or range of loss can be made. There can be no assurance that legal proceedings against us will be resolved in amounts that will not differ from the amounts of our recorded accruals. Legal fees and other costs of defending legal proceedings are charged to expense as incurred.

For certain proceedings, management is unable to predict with any degree of certainty the outcome or provide a meaningful estimate of the possible loss or range of possible loss because, among other reasons: (i) the

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proceedings are in various stages; (ii) damages have not been sought or specified; (iii) damages are unsupported, indeterminate and/or exaggerated in management’s opinion; (iv) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending trials, appeals, motions or other proceedings; (v) there are significant factual issues to be resolved; and/or (vi) there are novel legal issues or unsettled legal theories to be presented or a large number of parties are involved (as with many patent-related cases). Except as described below, however, management does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes of these proceedings will have a material effect on our financial condition, operating results or cash flows, though there is no assurance that the resolution and outcomes of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will not be material to our financial condition, operating results or cash flows for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

We intend to vigorously defend the proceedings against us. In the event that a court, tribunal, other body or jury ultimately rules against us, we may be subject to adverse consequences, including, without limitation, substantial damages, which may include treble damages, fines, penalties, compensatory damages and/or other equitable or injunctive relief that could require us to materially modify our business operations or certain products or services that we offer to our consumers.

Elbit

On January 23, 2015, Elbit Systems Land and C4I LTD and Elbit Systems of America Ltd. (together referred to as “Elbit”) filed a complaint against our subsidiary Hughes Network Systems, L.L.C. (“HNS”), as well as against Black Elk Energy Offshore Operations, LLC, Bluetide Communications, Inc. and Helm Hotels Group, in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,240,073 (the “073 patent”) and 7,245,874 (“874 patent”). In December 2019, we entered into a comprehensive settlement agreement with Elbit pursuant to which we paid a total of $33.0 million in satisfaction of all amounts relating to these matters and all open proceedings, including appeals, were dismissed with prejudice.

Shareholder Litigation

On July 2, 2019, the City of Hallandale Beach Police Officers’ and Firefighters’ Personnel Retirement Trust, purporting to sue on behalf of a class of EchoStar Corporation’s stockholders, filed a complaint in the District Court of Clark County, Nevada against our directors, Charles W. Ergen, R. Stanton Dodge, Anthony M. Federico, Pradman P. Kaul, C. Michael Schroeder, Jeffrey R. Tarr, William D. Wade, and Michael T. Dugan; our officer, David J. Rayner; EchoStar Corporation; our subsidiary Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation (“HSSC”); our former subsidiary BSS Corp.; and DISH and its subsidiary Merger Sub. On September 5, 2019, the defendants filed motions to dismiss. On October 11, 2019, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint removing Messrs. Dodge, Federico, Kaul, Schroeder, Tarr and Wade as defendants. The amended complaint alleges that Mr. Ergen, as our controlling stockholder, breached fiduciary duties to EchoStar Corporation’s minority stockholders by structuring the BSS Transaction with inadequate consideration and improperly influencing our and HSSC’s boards of directors to approve the BSS Transaction. The amended complaint also alleges that the other defendants aided and abetted such alleged breaches. The plaintiffs seek equitable and monetary relief, including the issuance of additional DISH Common Stock, and other costs and disbursements, including attorneys’ fees on behalf of the purported class. On November 11, 2019, we and the other defendants filed separate motions to dismiss plaintiff’s amended complaint and during a hearing on January 13, 2020 the court denied these motions. On February 10, 2020, we and the other defendants filed answers to the amended complaint. We intend to vigorously defend this case. We cannot predict its outcome with any degree of certainty.

License Fee Dispute with Government of India, Department of Telecommunications

In 1994, the Government of India promulgated a “National Telecommunications Policy” under which the government liberalized the telecommunications sector and required telecommunications service providers to pay fixed license fees. Pursuant to this policy, our subsidiary Hughes Communications India Private Limited (“HCIPL”), formerly known as Hughes Escorts Communications Limited, obtained a license to operate a data network over satellite using VSAT systems. In 1999, HCIPL’s license was amended pursuant to a new government policy that eliminated the fixed license fees and instead required each telecommunications service provider to pay license fees based on its adjusted gross revenue (“AGR”). In March 2005, the Indian Department of Telecommunications (“DOT”) notified HCIPL that, based on its review of HCIPL’s audited accounts and AGR statements, HCIPL must pay additional license fees, interest on such fees and penalties and interest on the penalties. HCIPL responded that the DOT had

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improperly calculated its AGR by including revenue from licensed and unlicensed activities. The DOT rejected this explanation and in 2006, HCIPL filed a petition with an administrative tribunal (the “Tribunal”), challenging the DOT’s calculation of its AGR. The DOT also issued license fee assessments to other telecommunications service providers and a number of similar petitions were filed by several other such providers with the Tribunal. These petitions were amended, consolidated, remanded and re-appealed several times. On April 23, 2015, the Tribunal issued a judgment affirming the DOT’s calculation of AGR for the telecommunications service providers but reversing the DOT’s imposition of interest, penalties and interest on such penalties as excessive. Over subsequent years, the DOT and HCIPL and other telecommunications service providers, respectively, filed several appeals of the Tribunal’s ruling. On October 24, 2019, the Supreme Court of India (“Supreme Court”) issued an order (the “October 2019 Order”) affirming the license fee assessments imposed by the DOT, including its imposition of interest, penalties and interest on the penalties, but without indicating the amount HCPIL is required to pay the DOT, and ordering payment by January 23, 2020. On November 23, 2019, HCIPL and other telecommunication service providers filed a petition asking the Supreme Court to reconsider the October 2019 Order. The petition was denied on January 20, 2020. On January 22, 2020, HCIPL and other telecommunication service providers filed an application requesting that the Supreme Court modify the October 2019 Order to permit the DOT to calculate the final amount due and extend HCPIL’s and the other telecommunication service providers’ payment deadline. On February 14, 2020, the Supreme Court directed HCIPL and the other telecommunication service providers to explain why the Supreme Court should not initiate contempt proceedings for failure to pay the amounts due. During a hearing on March 18, 2020, the Supreme Court ordered that all amounts that were due before the October 2019 Order must be paid, including interest, penalties and interest on the penalties. The Supreme Court also ordered that the parties appear for a further hearing addressing, potentially among other things, a proposal by the DOT to allow for extended or deferred payments of amounts due. On June 11, 2020, the Supreme Court ordered HCIPL and the other telecommunication service providers to submit affidavits addressing the proposal made by the DOT to extend the time frame for payment of the amounts owed and for HCIPL and the other telecommunication providers to provide security for such payments. On September 1, 2020, the Supreme Court issued a judgment permitting a 10-year payment schedule. Under the payment schedule, HCIPL is required to make a payment of 10% of the legally payable dues by March 31, 2021, and thereafter make payments in yearly installments through 2031. To date, HCIPL has paid the DOT $2.9 million with respect to this matter. As a result of the Supreme Court’s orders, HCIPL’s payments to date and the impact of foreign exchange rates, we have recorded an accrual of $81.6 million as of September 30, 2020, comprised of $3.9 million for additional license fees, $4.0 million for penalties and $73.8 million for interest and interest on penalties. We had recorded an accrual of $80.2 million as of December 31, 2019. Any eventual payments made with respect to the ultimate outcome of this matter may be different from our accrual and such differences could be significant.

Other

In addition to the above actions, we are subject to various other legal proceedings and claims, which arise in the ordinary course of business. As part of our ongoing operations, we are subject to various inspections, audits, inquiries, investigations and similar actions by third parties, as well as by governmental/regulatory authorities responsible for enforcing the laws and regulations to which we may be subject. Further, under the federal False Claims Act, private parties have the right to bring qui tam, or “whistleblower,” suits against companies that submit false claims for payments to, or improperly retain overpayments from, the federal government. Some states have adopted similar state whistleblower and false claims provisions. In addition, we from time to time receive inquiries from federal, state and foreign agencies regarding compliance with various laws and regulations.

In our opinion, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to any of these other actions is unlikely to materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, though the resolutions and outcomes, individually or in the aggregate, could be material to our financial position, operating results or cash flows for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

We also indemnify our directors, officers and employees for certain liabilities that might arise from the performance of their responsibilities for us. Additionally, in the normal course of its business, we enter into contracts pursuant to which we may make a variety of representations and warranties and indemnify the counterparty for certain losses. Our possible exposure under these arrangements cannot be reasonably estimated as this involves the resolution of claims made, or future claims that may be made, against us or our officers, directors or employees, the outcomes of which are unknown and not currently predictable or estimable.

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NOTE 14. SEGMENT REPORTING

Business segments are components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and regularly evaluated by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who is our Chief Executive Officer. We operate in two business segments, Hughes and ESS, as described in Note 1. Organization and Business Activities.

The primary measure of segment profitability that is reported regularly to our CODM is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net income (loss) from discontinued operations and net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests (“EBITDA”).

Total assets by segment have not been reported herein because the information is not provided to our CODM on a regular basis.

The following table presents revenue, EBITDA and capital expenditures for each of our business segments. Capital expenditures are net of refunds and other receipts related to our property and equipment.


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2020
External revenue	$	466,762	$	4,121	$	2,619	$	473,502
Intersegment revenue	—		281		(281)		—
Total revenue	$	466,762	$	4,402	$	2,338	$	473,502

EBITDA	$	190,016	$	2,274	$	(3,475)	$	188,815
Capital expenditures	$	88,848	$	41	$	9,248	$	98,137

For the three months ended September 30, 2019
External revenue	$	463,735	$	3,772	$	4,755	$	472,262
Intersegment revenue	—		326		(326)		—
Total revenue	$	463,735	$	4,098	$	4,429	$	472,262

EBITDA	$	155,940	$	1,791	$	(17,968)	$	139,763
Capital expenditures	$	76,572	$	—	$	18,583	$	95,155

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
External revenue	$	1,378,416	$	12,274	$	7,944	$	1,398,634
Intersegment revenue	—		959		(959)		—
Total revenue	$	1,378,416	$	13,233	$	6,985	$	1,398,634

EBITDA	$	531,276	$	5,847	$	(100,253)	$	436,870
Capital expenditures	$	263,844	$	41	$	31,156	$	295,041

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
External revenue	$	1,360,919	$	11,058	$	15,098	$	1,387,075
Intersegment revenue	—		815		(815)		—
Total revenue	$	1,360,919	$	11,873	$	14,283	$	1,387,075

EBITDA	$	448,837	$	5,006	$	(43,643)	$	410,200
Capital expenditures	$	224,483	$	—	$	89,868	$	314,351

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The following table reconciles Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations to EBITDA:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	$	26,223	$	(18,098)	$	(42,998)	$	(44,774)
Interest income, net	(7,364)		(17,175)		(33,707)		(64,817)
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	37,967		49,865		112,458		156,813
Depreciation and amortization	129,822		122,374		392,077		361,619
Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	2,167		2,797		9,040		1,359
EBITDA	$	188,815	$	139,763	$	436,870	$	410,200

NOTE 15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - DISH NETWORK

Overview

EchoStar Corporation and DISH have operated as separate publicly-traded companies since 2008. A substantial majority of the voting power of the shares of each of EchoStar Corporation and DISH is owned beneficially by Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman, and by certain entities established for the benefit of his family. In addition, prior to March 2017, DISH Network owned the Tracking Stock, which in the aggregate represented an 80% economic interest in the residential retail satellite broadband business of our Hughes segment. The Tracking Stock was retired in March 2017.

In connection with and following the Spin-off, the Share Exchange and the BSS Transaction, we and DISH Network entered into certain agreements pursuant to which we obtain certain products, services and rights from DISH Network, DISH Network obtains certain products, services and rights from us; and we and DISH Network indemnify each other against certain liabilities arising from our respective businesses. Generally, the amounts we or DISH Network pay for products and services provided under the agreements are based on cost plus a fixed margin (unless noted differently below), which varies depending on the nature of the products and services provided. We may also enter into additional agreements with DISH Network in the future.

The following is a summary of the transactions and the terms of the underlying principal agreements that have had or may have an impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Services and Other Revenue — DISH Network

The following table presents our Services and other revenue from DISH Network:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Services and other revenue - DISH Network	$	8,693	$	13,232	$	28,034	$	42,532

The following table presents the related trade accounts receivable:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Trade accounts receivable - DISH Network	$	7,079	$	10,683

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Satellite Capacity Leased to DISH Network. We have entered into an agreement and have previously entered into a now terminated agreement to lease satellite capacity pursuant to which we have provided satellite services to DISH Network on certain satellites owned or leased by us. The fees for the services provided under these agreements may depend upon, among other things, the orbital location of the applicable satellite, the number of transponders that are providing services on the applicable satellite, the length of the service arrangements and any third-party costs associated with the satellite capacity. The terms of these agreements are set forth below:

•EchoStar IX — Effective January 2008, DISH Network began leasing satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar IX satellite. Subject to availability, DISH Network generally has the right to continue leasing satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar IX satellite on a month-to-month basis.

•103 Degree Orbital Location/SES-3 — In May 2012, we entered into a spectrum development agreement (the “103 Spectrum Development Agreement”) with Ciel Satellite Holdings Inc. (“Ciel”) to develop certain spectrum rights at the 103 degree west longitude orbital location (the “103 Spectrum Rights”). In June 2013, we and DISH Network entered into a spectrum development agreement (the “DISH 103 Spectrum Development Agreement”) pursuant to which DISH Network may use and develop the 103 Spectrum Rights. Effective in March 2018, DISH Network exercised its right to terminate the DISH 103 Spectrum Development Agreement and we exercised our right to terminate the 103 Spectrum Development Agreement.

In connection with the 103 Spectrum Development Agreement, in May 2012, we also entered into a ten-year agreement with Ciel pursuant to which we leased certain satellite capacity from Ciel on the SES-3 satellite at the 103 degree west longitude orbital location (the “Ciel 103 Agreement”). In June 2013, we and DISH Network entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network leased certain satellite capacity from us on the SES-3 satellite (the “DISH 103 Agreement”). Under the terms of the DISH 103 Agreement, DISH Network made certain monthly payments to us through the service term. Effective in March 2018, DISH Network exercised its right to terminate the DISH 103 Agreement and we exercised our right to terminate the Ciel 103 Agreement.

Telesat Obligation Agreement. We transferred the Telesat Transponder Agreement to DISH Network as part of the BSS Transaction; however, we retained certain obligations related to DISH Network’s performance under that agreement. In September 2019, we and DISH Network entered into an agreement whereby DISH Network compensates us for retaining such obligations.

Real Estate Leases to DISH Network. We have entered into lease agreements pursuant to which DISH Network leases certain real estate from us. The rent on a per square foot basis for each of the leases is comparable to per square foot rental rates of similar commercial property in the same geographic area at the time of the leases or subsequent amendments and includes DISH Network’s portion of the taxes, insurance, utilities and/or maintenance of the premises. The terms of each of the leases are set forth below:

•100 Inverness Occupancy License Agreement — Effective March 2017, DISH Network is licensed to use certain of our space at 100 Inverness Terrace East, Englewood, Colorado for a period ending in December 2020. This agreement may be terminated by either party upon 180 days’ prior notice. This agreement may be extended by mutual consent, in which case this agreement will be converted to a month-to-month lease agreement. Upon extension, either party has the right to terminate this agreement upon 30 days’ notice. In connection with the BSS Transaction, we transferred to DISH Network the Englewood Satellite Operations Center located at 100 Inverness Terrace East, including any and all equipment, hardware licenses, software, processes, software licenses, furniture and technical documentation associated with the satellites transferred in the BSS Transaction.

•Meridian Lease Agreement — The lease for all of 9601 S. Meridian Blvd., Englewood, Colorado was originally for a period ending in December 2016. We and DISH Network have amended this lease over time to, among other things, extend the term through December 2020. After December 2020, this agreement may be converted by mutual consent to a month-to-month lease agreement with either party having the right to terminate upon 30 days’ notice.

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TerreStar Agreement. In March 2012, DISH Network completed its acquisition of substantially all the assets of TerreStar Networks Inc. (“TerreStar”). Prior to DISH Network’s acquisition of substantially all the assets of TerreStar and our completion of the Hughes Acquisition, TerreStar and HNS entered into various agreements pursuant to which we provide, among other things, warranty, operations and maintenance and hosting services for TerreStar’s ground-based communications equipment (the “TerreStar Agreements”). In December 2017, we and DISH Network amended these agreements, effective as of January 1, 2018, to reduce certain pricing terms through December 31, 2023 and to modify certain termination provisions. DISH Network generally has the right to continue to receive warranty services from us for our products on a month-to-month basis unless terminated by DISH Network upon at least 21 days’ written notice to us. DISH Network generally has the right to continue to receive operations and maintenance services from us on a quarter-to-quarter basis unless operations and maintenance services are terminated by DISH Network upon at least 90 days’ written notice to us. The provision of hosting services will continue until May 2022. In addition, DISH Network generally may terminate any and all services for convenience subject to providing us with prior notice and/or payment of termination charges. In March 2020, we entered into an agreement with DISH Network pursuant to which we perform certain work and provide certain credits to amounts owed to us under the TerreStar Agreements in exchange for DISH Network’s granting us rights to use certain satellite capacity under the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement (as defined below). As a result, we and DISH Network amended the TerreStar Agreements to suspend our provision of warranty services to DISH Network from April 2020 through December 2020. Following the expiration of this suspension, we will continue to provide warranty services to DISH Network.

Hughes Broadband Distribution Agreement. Effective October 2012, we and DISH Network, entered into a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) pursuant to which DISH Network has the right, but not the obligation, to market, sell and distribute our Gen 4 HughesNet service. DISH Network pays us a monthly per subscriber wholesale service fee for our Gen 4 HughesNet service based upon a subscriber’s service level and based upon certain volume subscription thresholds. The Distribution Agreement also provides that DISH Network has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase certain broadband equipment from us to support the sale of our Gen 4 HughesNet service. The Distribution Agreement had an initial term of five years with automatic renewal for successive one year terms unless terminated by either party with a written notice at least 180 days’ before the expiration of the then-current term. In February 2014, we and DISH Network entered into an amendment to the Distribution Agreement which, among other things, extended the initial term of the Distribution Agreement until March 2024. Upon expiration or termination of the Distribution Agreement, we and DISH Network will continue to provide our Gen 4 HughesNet service to the then-current DISH Network subscribers pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement.

DBSD North America Agreement. In March 2012, DISH Network completed its acquisition of all of the equity of reorganized DBSD North America, Inc. (“DBSD North America”). Prior to DISH Network’s acquisition of DBSD North America and our completion of the Hughes Acquisition, DBSD North America and HNS entered into various agreements pursuant to which we provide, among other things, warranty, operations and maintenance and hosting services of DBSD North America’s gateway and ground-based communications equipment. In December 2017, we and DBSD North America amended these agreements, effective as of January 1, 2018, to reduce certain pricing terms through December 31, 2023 and to modify certain termination provisions. DBSD North America has the right to continue to receive operations and maintenance services from us on a quarter-to-quarter basis, unless terminated by DBSD North America upon at least 120 days’ written notice to us. In February 2019, we further amended these agreements to provide DBSD North America with the right to continue to receive warranty services from us on a month-to-month basis until December 2023, unless terminated by DBSD North America upon at least 21 days’ written notice to us. The provision of hosting services will continue until February 2022 and will automatically renew for an additional five-year period until February 2027 unless terminated by DBSD North America upon at least 180 days’ written notice to us. In addition, DBSD North America generally may terminate any and all such services for convenience, subject to providing us with prior notice and/or payment of termination charges.

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Hughes Equipment and Services Agreement. In February 2019, we and DISH Network entered into an agreement pursuant to which we will sell to DISH Network our HughesNet Service and HughesNet equipment that has been modified to meet DISH Network’s internet-of-things specifications for the transfer of data to DISH Network’s network operations centers. This agreement has an initial term of five years expiring February 2024 with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless terminated by DISH Network with at least 180 days’ written notice to us or by us with at least 365 days’ written notice to DISH Network.

Operating Expenses — DISH Network

The following table presents our operating expenses related to DISH Network:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating expenses - DISH Network	$	1,433	$	1,202	$	4,369	$	3,469

The following table presents the related trade accounts payable:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Trade accounts payable - DISH Network	$	1,038	$	1,923

Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement. In connection with the Spin-off, we entered into various agreements with DISH Network including a transition services agreement, satellite procurement agreement and services agreement, all of which expired in January 2010 and were replaced by a professional services agreement (the “Professional Services Agreement”). In January 2010, we and DISH Network agreed that we continue to have the right, but not the obligation, to receive the following services from DISH Network, among others, certain of which were previously provided under a transition services agreement: information technology, travel and event coordination, internal audit, legal, accounting and tax, benefits administration, program acquisition services and other support services. Additionally, we and DISH Network agreed that DISH Network would continue to have the right, but not the obligation, to engage us to manage the process of procuring new satellite capacity for DISH Network (previously provided under a satellite procurement agreement), receive logistics, procurement and quality assurance services from us (previously provided under a services agreement) and provide other support services. In connection with the consummation of the Share Exchange, we and DISH amended and restated the Professional Services Agreement (as amended to date, the “Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement”) to provide that we and DISH Network shall have the right to receive additional services that either we or DISH Network may require as a result of the Share Exchange, including access to antennas owned by DISH Network for our use in performing TT&C services and maintenance and support services for our antennas (collectively, the “TT&C Antennas”). In September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we and DISH further amended the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement to provide that we and DISH Network shall have the right to receive additional services that either we or DISH Network may require as a result of the BSS Transaction and to remove our access to and the maintenance and support services for the TT&C Antennas. The term of the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement is through January 2021 and renews automatically for successive one-year periods thereafter, unless the agreement is terminated earlier by either party upon at least 60 days’ notice. We or DISH Network may generally terminate the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement in part with respect to any particular service it receives for any reason upon at least 30 days’ notice, unless the statement of work for particular services states otherwise. Certain services being provided for under the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement may survive the termination of the agreement.

Real Estate Leases from DISH Network. We have entered into lease agreements pursuant to which we lease certain real estate from DISH Network. The rent on a per square foot basis is comparable to per square foot rental rates of similar commercial property in the same geographic area at the time of the leases or subsequent

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amendments and, includes our portion of the taxes, insurance, utilities and/or maintenance of the premises. The terms of each of the leases are set forth below:

•Cheyenne Lease Agreement — Effective March 2017, we entered into a lease with DISH Network for certain space at 530 EchoStar Drive in Cheyenne, Wyoming for a period ending in February 2019. In August 2018, we exercised our option to renew this lease for a one year period ending in February 2020. In connection with the BSS Transaction, we transferred the Cheyenne Satellite Operations Center, including any equipment, software licenses, and furniture located within, to DISH Network and amended this lease to reduce the space provided to us for the Cheyenne Satellite Access Center for a period ending in September 2021, with the option for us to renew for a one year period upon 180 days’ written notice prior to the end of the term.

•American Fork Occupancy License Agreement — Effective March 2017, we entered into an agreement with DISH Network for certain space at 796 East Utah Valley Drive in American Fork, Utah for a period ending in August 2017. We exercised our option to renew this agreement for a five-year period ending in August 2022. We and DISH Network amended this agreement to, among other things, terminate this agreement in March 2019.

Collocation and Antenna Space Agreements. We and DISH Network have entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network provides us with collocation space in El Paso, Texas. This agreement was for an initial period ending in August 2015, and provides us with renewal options for four consecutive years. Effective August 2015, we exercised our first renewal option for a period ending in August 2018 and in April 2018 we exercised our second renewal option for a period ending in August 2021. In connection with the Share Exchange, effective March 2017, we also entered into certain agreements pursuant to which DISH Network provides collocation and antenna space to EchoStar through February 2022 at the following locations: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Gilbert, Arizona; New Braunfels, Texas; Monee, Illinois; Spokane, Washington; and Englewood, Colorado. In October 2019, we provided a termination notice for our New Braunfels, Texas agreement effective May 2020. In November 2020, we provided a termination notice for one of our Englewood, Colorado agreements to be effective May 2021. In August 2017, we and DISH Network also entered into certain other agreements pursuant to which DISH Network provides additional collocation and antenna space to us in Monee, Illinois and Spokane, Washington through August 2022. Generally, we may renew our collocation and antenna space agreements for three-year periods by providing DISH Network with prior written notice no more than 120 days but no less than 90 days prior to the end of the then-current term. We may terminate certain of these agreements with 180 days’ prior written notice. In September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network provides us with certain additional collocation space in Cheyenne, Wyoming for the period ended September 2020. The fees for the services provided under these agreements depend on the number of racks located at the location.

Also in connection with the BSS Transaction, in September 2019, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network will provide us with antenna space and power in Cheyenne, Wyoming for a period of five years commencing no later than October 2020, with four three-year renewal terms, with prior written notice no more than 120 days but no less than 90 days prior to the end of the then-current term.

Hughes Broadband Master Services Agreement. In conjunction with the launch of our EchoStar XIX satellite, in March 2017, we and DISH Network entered into a master service agreement (the “Hughes Broadband MSA”) pursuant to which DISH Network, among other things: (i) has the right, but not the obligation, to market, promote and solicit orders and upgrades for our Gen 5 HughesNet service and related equipment and other telecommunication services and (ii) installs Gen 5 HughesNet service equipment with respect to activations generated by DISH Network. Under the Hughes Broadband MSA, we and DISH Network make certain payments to each other relating to sales, upgrades, purchases and installation services. The Hughes Broadband MSA has an initial term of five years through March 2022 with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms. Either party has the ability to terminate the Hughes Broadband MSA, in whole or in part, for any reason upon at least 90 days’ notice to the other party. Upon expiration or termination of the Hughes Broadband MSA, we will continue to provide our Gen 5 HughesNet service to subscribers and make certain payments to DISH Network pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Hughes Broadband MSA. We incurred sales incentives and other costs under the Hughes Broadband MSA totaling $5.2 million and $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $14.2 million and $13.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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2019 TT&C Agreement. In September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network provides TT&C services to us for a period ending in September 2021, with the option for us to renew for a one-year period upon written notice at least 90 days prior to the initial expiration (the “2019 TT&C Agreement”). The fees for services provided under the 2019 TT&C Agreement are calculated at either: (i) a fixed fee or (ii) cost plus a fixed margin, which will vary depending on the nature of the services provided. Any party is able to terminate the 2019 TT&C Agreement for any reason upon 12 months’ notice.

Other Receivables - DISH Network

The following table presents our other receivables owed from DISH Network:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Other receivables - DISH Network	$	94,116	$	92,892

Tax Sharing Agreement. Effective December 2007, we and DISH Network entered into a tax sharing agreement (the “Tax Sharing Agreement”) in connection with the Spin-off. This agreement governs our and DISH Network’s respective rights, responsibilities and obligations after the Spin-off with respect to taxes for the periods ending on or before the Spin-off. Generally, all pre-Spin-off taxes, including any taxes that are incurred as a result of restructuring activities undertaken to implement the Spin-off, are borne by DISH Network and DISH Network indemnifies us for such taxes. However, DISH Network is not liable for and does not indemnify us for any taxes that are incurred as a result of the Spin-off or certain related transactions failing to qualify as tax-free distributions pursuant to any provision of Section 355 or Section 361 of the Code, because of: (i) a direct or indirect acquisition of any of our stock, stock options or assets; (ii) any action that we take or fail to take or (iii) any action that we take that is inconsistent with the information and representations furnished to the IRS in connection with the request for the private letter ruling, or to counsel in connection with any opinion being delivered by counsel with respect to the Spin-off or certain related transactions. In such case, we will be solely liable for, and will indemnify DISH Network for any resulting taxes, as well as any losses, claims and expenses. The Tax Sharing Agreement will terminate after the later of the full period of all applicable statutes of limitations, including extensions, or once all rights and obligations are fully effectuated or performed.

In light of the Tax Sharing Agreement, among other things, and in connection with our consolidated federal income tax returns for certain tax years prior to and for the year of the Spin-off, in September 2013, we and DISH Network agreed upon a supplemental allocation of the tax benefits arising from certain tax items resolved in the course of the IRS’s examination of our consolidated tax returns. Prior to the agreement with DISH Network in 2013, the federal tax benefits were reflected as a deferred tax asset for depreciation and amortization, which was netted in our non-current deferred tax liabilities. The agreement with DISH Network in 2013 requires DISH Network to pay us the federal tax benefit it receives at such time as we would have otherwise been able to realize such tax benefit. We recorded a non-current receivable from DISH Network in Other receivables - DISH Network and a corresponding increase in our Deferred tax liabilities, net to reflect the effects of this agreement in September 2013. In addition, in September 2013, we and DISH Network agreed upon a tax sharing arrangement for filing certain combined state income tax returns and a method of allocating the respective tax liabilities between us and DISH Network for such combined returns, through the taxable period ending on December 31, 2017 (the “State Tax Arrangement”).

In August 2018, we and DISH Network amended the Tax Sharing Agreement and the 2013 agreements (the “Tax Sharing Amendment”). Under the Tax Sharing Amendment, to the extent permitted by applicable tax law, DISH Network is entitled to apply the benefit of our 2009 net operating losses (the “SATS 2009 NOLs”) to DISH Network’s federal tax return for the year ended December 31, 2008, in exchange for DISH Network paying us over time the value of the net annual federal income taxes paid by us that would have been otherwise offset by the SATS 2009 NOLs. The Tax Sharing Amendment also requires us and DISH Network to pay the other for the benefits of certain past and future federal research and development tax credits that we or DISH Network receive or received as a result of being part of a controlled group under the Code, and requires DISH Network to compensate us for certain past tax losses utilized by DISH Network and for certain past and future excess California research and development tax credits generated by us and used by DISH Network. In addition, the Tax Sharing Amendment

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extends the term of the State Tax Arrangement to the earlier to occur of termination of the Tax Sharing Agreement, a change in control of either us or DISH Network or, for any particular state, if we and DISH Network no longer file a combined tax return for such state.

We and DISH Network file combined income tax returns in certain states. We have earned and recognized tax benefits for certain state income tax credits that we would be unable to utilize currently if we had filed separately from DISH Network. We have charged Additional paid-in capital in prior periods when DISH Network has utilized such tax benefits. We expect to increase Additional paid-in capital upon receipt of any consideration that DISH Network pays to us in exchange for these tax credits.

Other Agreements

Master Transaction Agreement. In May 2019, we and BSS Corp. entered into the Master Transaction Agreement with DISH and Merger Sub with respect to the BSS Transaction. Pursuant to the terms of the Master Transaction Agreement, on September 10, 2019: (i) we transferred the BSS Business to BSS Corp.; (ii) we completed the Distribution; and (iii) immediately after the Distribution, (1) BSS Corp. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of DISH such that DISH owns and operates the BSS Business and (2) each issued and outstanding share of BSS Common Stock owned by EchoStar stockholders was converted into the right to receive 0.23523769 shares of DISH Common Stock. Following the consummation of the BSS Transaction, we no longer operate the BSS Business, which was a substantial portion of our ESS segment. The Master Transaction Agreement contained customary representations and warranties by us and DISH Network, including our representations relating to the assets, liabilities and financial condition of the BSS Business, and representations by DISH Network relating to its financial condition and liabilities. We and DISH Network have agreed to indemnify each other against certain losses with respect to breaches of certain representations and covenants and certain retained and assumed liabilities, respectively.

BSS Transaction Intellectual Property and Technology License Agreement. Effective September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we and DISH Network entered into an intellectual property and technology license agreement (the “BSS IPTLA”) pursuant to which we and DISH Network license to each other certain intellectual property and technology. The BSS IPTLA will continue in perpetuity, unless mutually terminated by the parties. Pursuant to the BSS IPTLA, we granted to DISH Network a license to our intellectual property and technology for use by DISH Network, among other things, in connection with its continued operation of the BSS Business acquired pursuant to the BSS Transaction, including a limited license to use the “ESS” and “ECHOSTAR SATELLITE SERVICES” trademarks during a transition period. EchoStar retains full ownership of the “ESS” and “ECHOSTAR SATELLITE SERVICES” trademarks. In addition, DISH Network granted a license back to us, among other things, for the continued use of all intellectual property and technology that is used in our retained businesses but the ownership of which was transferred to DISH Network pursuant to the BSS Transaction.

BSS Transaction Tax Matters Agreement. Effective September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we, BSS Corp. and DISH entered into a tax matters agreement. This agreement governs certain of our rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to taxes of the BSS Business transferred pursuant to the BSS Transaction. Generally, we are responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the BSS Business for periods prior to the BSS Transaction and DISH is responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the BSS Business from and after the BSS Transaction. Both we and DISH made certain tax-related representations and are subject to various tax-related covenants after the consummation of the BSS Transaction. Both we and DISH Network have agreed to indemnify each other for certain losses if there is a breach of any of the tax representations or violation of any of the tax covenants in the tax matters agreement and that breach or violation results in the failure of the BSS Transaction being treated as a transaction that is tax-free for EchoStar or its stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, DISH Network has agreed to indemnify us if the BSS Business is acquired, either directly or indirectly (e.g., via an acquisition of DISH Network), by one or more persons, where either it took an action, or knowingly facilitated, consented to or assisted with an action by its stockholders, that resulted in the failure of the BSS Transaction being treated as a transaction that is tax-free for EchoStar and its stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This tax matters agreement supplements the Tax Sharing Agreement outlined above and the Share Exchange Tax Matters Agreement outlined below, both of which continue in full force and effect.

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BSS Transaction Employee Matters Agreement. Effective September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we and DISH Network entered into an employee matters agreement that addressed the transfer of employees from us to DISH Network, including certain benefit and compensation matters and the allocation of responsibility for employee related liabilities relating to current and past employees of the BSS Business. DISH Network assumed employee-related liabilities relating to the BSS Business as part of the BSS Transaction, except that we are responsible for certain pre-BSS Transaction compensation and benefits for employees who transferred to DISH Network in connection with the BSS Transaction.

Share Exchange Agreement. In January 2017, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into the Share Exchange Agreement with DISH and certain of its subsidiaries pursuant to which, in February 2017, we received all of the shares of the Tracking Stock in exchange for 100% of the equity interests of certain EchoStar subsidiaries that held substantially all of our EchoStar Technologies businesses and certain other assets. Following consummation of the Share Exchange, we no longer operate the transferred EchoStar Technologies businesses and the Tracking Stock was retired and is no longer outstanding and all agreements, arrangements and policy statements with respect to such Tracking Stock terminated and are of no further effect. Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, we transferred certain assets, investments in joint ventures, spectrum licenses and real estate properties and DISH Network assumed certain liabilities relating to the transferred assets and businesses. The Share Exchange Agreement contained customary representations and warranties by the parties, including representations by us related to the transferred assets, assumed liabilities and the financial condition of the transferred businesses. We and DISH Network also agreed to customary indemnification provisions whereby each party indemnifies the other against certain losses with respect to breaches of representations, warranties or covenants and certain liabilities and if certain actions undertaken by us or DISH causes the transaction to be taxable to the other party after closing.

Share Exchange Intellectual Property and Technology License Agreement. Effective March 2017, in connection with the Share Exchange, we and DISH Network entered into an intellectual property and technology license agreement (“IPTLA”) pursuant to which we and DISH Network license to each other certain intellectual property and technology. The IPTLA will continue in perpetuity, unless mutually terminated by the parties. Pursuant to the IPTLA, we granted to DISH Network a license to our intellectual property and technology for use by DISH Network, among other things, in connection with its continued operation of the businesses acquired pursuant to the Share Exchange, including a limited license to use the “ECHOSTAR” trademark during a transition period. EchoStar retains full ownership of the “ECHOSTAR” trademark. In addition, DISH Network granted a license back to us, among other things, for the continued use of all intellectual property and technology that is used in our retained businesses but the ownership of which was transferred to DISH Network pursuant to the Share Exchange.

Share Exchange Tax Matters Agreement. Effective March 2017, in connection with the Share Exchange, we and DISH entered into a tax matters agreement. This agreement governs certain of our rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to taxes of the transferred businesses pursuant to the Share Exchange. Generally, we are responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the transferred businesses and assets for periods prior to the Share Exchange and DISH Network is responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the transferred businesses and assets from and after the Share Exchange. Both we and DISH Network made certain tax-related representations and are subject to various tax-related covenants after the consummation of the Share Exchange. Both we and DISH Network have agreed to indemnify each other if there is a breach of any such tax representation or violation of any such tax covenant and that breach or violation results in the Share Exchange not qualifying for tax free treatment for the other party. In addition, DISH Network has agreed to indemnify us if the transferred businesses are acquired, either directly or indirectly (e.g., via an acquisition of DISH Network), by one or more persons and such acquisition results in the Share Exchange not qualifying for tax free treatment. The tax matters agreement supplements the Tax Sharing Agreement outlined above, which continues in full force and effect.

Share Exchange Employee Matters Agreement. Effective March 2017, in connection with the Share Exchange, we and DISH Network entered into an employee matters agreement that addressed the transfer of employees from us to DISH Network, including certain benefit and compensation matters and the allocation of responsibility for employee related liabilities relating to current and past employees of the transferred businesses. DISH Network assumed employee-related liabilities relating to the transferred businesses as part of the Share Exchange, except that we are responsible for certain existing employee related litigation as well as certain pre-Share Exchange compensation and benefits for employees who transferred to DISH Network in connection with the Share Exchange.

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NOTE 16. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - OTHER

Hughes Systique Corporation

We contract with Hughes Systique Corporation (“Hughes Systique”) for software development services. In addition to our approximately 43% ownership in Hughes Systique, Mr. Pradman Kaul, the President of our subsidiary Hughes Communications, Inc. and a member of our board of directors, and his brother, who is the Chief Executive Officer and President of Hughes Systique, in the aggregate, own approximately 25%, on an undiluted basis, of Hughes Systique’s outstanding shares as of September 30, 2020. Furthermore, Mr. Pradman Kaul serves on the board of directors of Hughes Systique. Hughes Systique is a variable interest entity and we are considered the primary beneficiary of Hughes Systique due to, among other factors, our ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Hughes Systique. As a result, we consolidate Hughes Systique’s financial statements in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

TerreStar Solutions, Inc.

DISH Network owns more than 15% of TerreStar Solutions, Inc. (“TSI”). In May 2018, we and TSI entered into an equipment and services agreement pursuant to which we design, manufacture and install upgraded ground communications network equipment for TSI’s network and provide, among other things, warranty and support services. We recognized revenue of $0.7 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $3.8 million and $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had trade accounts receivable from TSI of $0.00 million and $2.7 million, respectively.

Global-IP Cayman

In May 2017, we entered into an agreement with Global-IP Cayman (“Global IP”) providing for the sale of certain equipment and services to Global IP. Mr. William David Wade, a member of our board of directors, served as a member of the board of directors of Global IP and as an executive advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of Global IP from September 2017 until April 2019 and from September 2017 until December 2019, respectively. In August 2018, we and Global IP amended the agreement to: (i) change certain of the equipment and services to be provided to Global IP, (ii) modify certain payment terms, (iii) provide Global IP an option to use one of our test lab facilities and (iv) effectuate the assignment of the agreement from Global IP to one of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. In February 2019, we terminated this agreement as a result of Global IP’s defaults resulting from its failure to make payments to us as required under the terms of this agreement. We have reserved our rights and remedies against Global IP under this agreement. We have not recognized any revenue since the termination of this agreement. As of September 30, 2020, we were owed $7.5 million from Global IP.

Maxar Technologies Inc.

Mr. Jeffrey Tarr, who joined our board of directors in March 2019, served as a consultant and advisor to Maxar Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Maxar Tech”) through May 2019. We previously entered into agreements with Maxar Tech for the manufacture and certain other services of the EchoStar IX satellite, the EchoStar XVII satellite, the EchoStar XIX satellite, the EchoStar XXI satellite and the EchoStar XXIV satellite and our former EchoStar XI satellite, EchoStar XIV satellite, EchoStar XVI satellite and EchoStar XXIII satellite. Maxar Tech provides us with anomaly support for these satellites once launched pursuant to the terms of the agreements. Maxar Tech also provides a warranty on one of these satellites and may be required to pay us certain amounts should the satellite not operate according to certain performance specifications. Our obligations to pay Maxar Tech under these agreements during the design life of the applicable satellites may be reduced if the applicable satellites do not operate according to certain performance specifications. We incurred aggregate costs payable to Maxar Tech under these agreements of $1.0 million and $12.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $9.7 million and $78.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. At both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had no trade accounts payable to Maxar Tech.

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(Unaudited)

NOTE 17. SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Research and Development

The following table presents the research and development costs incurred in connection with customers’ orders:


	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of sales - equipment (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$	4,158	$	6,564	$	14,762	$	18,275
Research and development expenses	$	7,676	$	6,136	$	21,378	$	19,411

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table reconciles Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, to the total of the same as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:


	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted amounts, beginning of period:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,519,431	$	928,306
Restricted cash	2,458		1,189
Total cash and cash equivalents, included restricted amounts, beginning of period	$	1,521,889	$	929,495

Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted amounts, end of period:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	555,550	$	1,547,162
Restricted cash	8,695		16,336
Total cash and cash equivalents, included restricted amounts, end of period	$	564,245	$	1,563,498

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(Unaudited)

Other Current Assets, Net and Other Non-Current Assets, Net

The following table presents the components of Other current assets, net and Other non-current assets, net:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Other current assets, net:
Trade accounts receivable - DISH Network	$	7,079	$	10,683
Inventory	93,751		79,621
Prepaids and deposits	51,945		50,145
Contract acquisition costs, net	12,578		16,869
Other, net	27,371		22,213
Total other current assets, net	$	192,724	$	179,531

Other non-current assets, net:
Other receivables - DISH Network	$	94,116	$	92,892
Restricted marketable investment securities	845		8,093
Restricted cash	8,695		2,458
Deferred tax assets, net	9,404		7,251
Capitalized software, net	111,911		101,786
Contract acquisition costs, net	91,190		96,723
Contract fulfillment costs, net	2,625		3,010
Other, net	25,783		22,628
Total other non-current assets, net	$	344,569	$	334,841

The following table presents the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts, which is included within Other, net in each of Other current assets, net and Other non-current assets, net in the table above:


	For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
	Other current assets, net		Other non-current assets, net
Balance at beginning of period	$	—	$	—
Credit losses (1)	1,595		13,378

Foreign currency translation	152		(606)
Balance at end of period	$	1,747	$	12,772

(1) The impact of adopting ASC 326 on January 1, 2020 was a net increase to our allowance for doubtful accounts largely driven by a $13.4 million reclassification from Trade accounts receivables and contracts assets, net.

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The following table presents the components of Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable - DISH Network	$	1,038	$	1,923
Accrued interest	36,979		42,622
Accrued compensation	56,637		50,787
Accrued taxes	20,994		18,525
Operating lease obligation	14,509		14,651
Other	146,546		142,371
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	276,703	$	270,879

Inventory

The following table presents the components of inventory:


	As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Raw materials	$	6,357	$	4,240
Work-in-process	9,197		6,979
Finished goods	78,197		68,402
Total inventory	$	93,751	$	79,621

Supplemental and Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities

The following table presents the supplemental and non-cash investing and financing activities:


	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	110,869	$	161,766
Cash paid for income taxes	$	4,503	$	2,119

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Employee benefits paid in Class A common stock	$	6,920	$	6,654

Increase (decrease) in capital expenditures included in accounts payable, net	$	(2,304)	$	(15,083)

Non-cash net assets exchanged for BSS Transaction	$	—	$	535,211
Non-cash net assets received in exchange for a 20% ownership interest in our existing Brazilian subsidiary	$	2,824	$	—

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “we,” “us,” “EchoStar,” the “Company” and “our” refer to EchoStar Corporation and its subsidiaries. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of our Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“Management’s Discussion and Analysis”) should be read in conjunction with our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto (“Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”) in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”). This Management’s Discussion and Analysis is intended to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in our financial condition and our results of operations. Many of the statements in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis are forward-looking statements that involve assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties that are often difficult to predict and beyond our control. Actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Refer to the Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements in this Form 10-Q for further discussion. For a discussion of additional risks, uncertainties and other factors that could impact our results of operations or financial condition, refer to the Risk Factors in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Further, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q and we undertake no obligation to update them.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EchoStar is a global provider of broadband satellite technologies, broadband internet services for consumer customers, which include home and small to medium-sized businesses, and satellite services. We also deliver innovative network technologies, managed services and communications solutions for enterprise customers, which include aeronautical and government enterprises.

Following the consummation of the BSS Transaction, we no longer operate the BSS Business, which was a substantial portion of our ESS segment. As a result of the BSS Transaction, the financial results of the BSS Business, except for certain real estate that transferred in the transaction, are presented as discontinued operations and, as such, excluded from continuing operations and segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 in our Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Refer to Note 4. Discontinued Operations in our Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

We currently operate in two business segments: Hughes and ESS. These segments are consistent with the way we make decisions regarding the allocation of resources, as well as how operating results are reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, who is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

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of our investments, that have not been assigned to our business segments. These activities, costs and income, as well as eliminations of intersegment transactions, are accounted for in Corporate and Other.

All amounts presented in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis reference results from continuing operations unless otherwise noted and are expressed in thousands of United States (“U.S.”) dollars, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise noted.

Highlights from our financial results are as follows:

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020:

•Revenue of $473.5 million

•Operating income (loss) of $37.0 million

•Net income (loss) from continuing operations of $23.3 million

•Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar common stock of $25.4 million and basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock of $0.26

•Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net income (loss) from discontinued operations and net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests (“EBITDA”) of $188.8 million (refer to the reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure in Results of Operations)

Consolidated Financial Condition as of September 30, 2020:

•Total assets of $7.0 billion

•Total liabilities of $3.4 billion

•Total stockholders’ equity of $3.6 billion

•Cash and cash equivalents and marketable investment securities of $2.5 billion

Hughes Segment

Our Hughes segment is a global provider of broadband satellite technologies and broadband internet services to consumer customers and broadband network technologies, managed services, equipment, hardware, satellite services and communications solutions to consumer and enterprise customers. The Hughes segment also designs, provides and installs gateway and terminal equipment to customers for other satellite systems. In addition, our Hughes segment designs, develops, constructs and provides telecommunication networks comprising satellite ground segment systems and terminals to mobile system operators and our enterprise customers.

We incorporate advances in technology to reduce costs and to increase the functionality and reliability of our products and services. Through advanced and proprietary methodologies, technologies, software and techniques, we continue to improve the efficiency of our networks. We invest in technologies to enhance our system and network management capabilities, specifically our managed services for enterprises. We also continue to invest in next generation technologies that can be applied to our future products and services.

We continue to focus our efforts on growing our consumer revenue by maximizing utilization of our existing satellites while planning for new satellites to be launched or acquired. Our consumer revenue growth depends on our success in adding new and retaining existing subscribers in our domestic and international markets across wholesale and retail channels. Service costs related to ongoing support for our direct and indirect customers and partners are typically impacted most significantly by our growth. The growth of our enterprise businesses relies heavily on global economic conditions and the competitive landscape for pricing relative to competitors and alternative technologies. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, in accordance with instructions received from some of our enterprise customers, we have deferred or canceled the delivery of some products or services. In the third quarter of 2020, we have recognized revenue for services that have been provided and are no longer deferred. In addition, we have seen a limited number of our enterprise customers file for bankruptcy protection. We have

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reserved an amount related to pre-petition receivables and are working closely with these customers on providing post-petition services and products.

Our Hughes segment currently uses capacity from three of our satellites (the SPACEWAY 3 satellite, the EchoStar XVII satellite and the EchoStar XIX satellite), our Al Yah 3 Brazilian payload and additional satellite capacity acquired from third-party providers to provide services to our customers. Growth of our consumer subscriber base in certain areas in the U.S. continues to be constrained where we are nearing or have reached maximum capacity. While these constraints are not expected to be resolved until we launch new satellites, we continue to focus on revenue growth in all areas and consumer subscriber growth in the areas where we have available capacity.

In May 2019, we entered into an agreement with Al Yah Satellite Communications Company PrJSC (“Yahsat”) pursuant to which, in November 2019, Yahsat contributed its satellite communications services business in Brazil to us in exchange for a 20% ownership interest in our existing Brazilian subsidiary that conducts our satellite communications services business in Brazil (the “Yahsat Brazil JV Transaction”). The combined business provides broadband internet services and enterprise solutions in Brazil using the Telesat T19V satellite, the Eutelsat 65W satellite and Yahsat’s Al Yah 3 satellite. Under the terms of the agreement, Yahsat may also acquire, for further cash investments, additional minority ownership interests in the business in the future provided certain conditions are met.

In May 2019, we also entered into an agreement with Bharti Airtel Limited (“BAL”) and its subsidiary, Bharti Airtel Services Limited (together with BAL, “Bharti”), pursuant to which Bharti will contribute its very small aperture terminal (“VSAT”) telecommunications services and hardware business in India to our two existing Indian subsidiaries that conduct our VSAT services and hardware business. The combined entities will provide broadband satellite and hybrid solutions for enterprise networks. Upon consummation of the transaction, Bharti will have a 33% ownership interest in the combined business. The completion of the transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals and closing conditions. No assurance can be given that the transaction will be consummated on the terms agreed to or at all.

In August 2017, we entered into a contract for the design and construction of the EchoStar XXIV satellite, a new, next-generation, high throughput geostationary satellite. The EchoStar XXIV satellite is primarily intended to provide additional capacity for our HughesNet satellite internet service (“HughesNet service”) in North, Central and South America as well as enterprise broadband services. Space Systems/Loral, LLC (“SS/L”), the manufacturer of our EchoStar XXIV satellite has notified us of a delay in completion of the satellite. The EchoStar XXIV satellite is expected to be launched no earlier than the first quarter of 2022. This or other delays or impediments to SS/L’s meeting its obligations could have a material adverse impact on our business operations, future revenues, financial position and prospects, the completion of manufacture of the EchoStar XXIV satellite and our planned expansion of satellite broadband services throughout North, South and Central America. Capital expenditures associated with the construction and launch of the EchoStar XXIV satellite are included in Corporate and Other in our segment reporting.

In March 2017, we and DISH Network entered into a master service agreement (the “Hughes Broadband MSA”). Pursuant to the Hughes Broadband MSA, DISH Network, among other things: (i) has the right, but not the obligation, to market, promote and solicit orders and upgrades for our HughesNet service and related equipment and other telecommunication services; and (ii) installs HughesNet service equipment with respect to activations generated by DISH Network. As a result of the Hughes Broadband MSA, we have not earned, and do not expect to earn in the future, significant equipment revenue from our distribution agreement with DISH Network.

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We continue our efforts to expand our consumer satellite services business outside of the U.S. We have been delivering high-speed consumer satellite broadband services in Brazil since July 2016 and are also providing satellite broadband internet service in several other Latin American countries. Additionally, in September 2015, we entered into 15-year agreements with affiliates of Telesat Canada for Ka-band capacity on the Telesat T19V satellite located at the 63 degree west longitude orbital location, which was launched in July 2018. Telesat T19V was placed in service during the fourth quarter of 2018 and augmented the capacity being provided by the EUTELSAT 65 West A satellite and the EchoStar XIX satellite in South America.

Our broadband subscribers include customers that subscribe to our HughesNet service in North and Latin America through retail, wholesale and small/medium enterprise service channels. In connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, we voluntarily signed on to the Federal Communications Commissions’ (“FCC”) Keep Americans Connected Pledge (the “Pledge”), promising not to terminate residential or small business customers because of their inability to pay their bills due to the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, we have provided HughesNet service to consumers who may not have the ability to pay for such services, but have excluded any subscribers whose HughesNet service would have ordinarily been terminated in the absence of the Pledge from our subscriber numbers as of June 30, 2020.

The following table presents our approximate subscribers:


	As of
	September 30, 2020	June 30, 2020
Broadband subscribers in the United States	1,216,000	1,221,000
Broadband subscribers in Latin America	364,000	321,000
Total broadband subscribers	1,580,000	1,542,000

During the third quarter of 2020, our gross subscriber additions increased by approximately 9,000 as compared to the second quarter of 2020. Our net subscriber additions for the third quarter increased by approximately 12,000 as compared to the second quarter of 2020, reflecting lower churn in the third quarter as compared to the second quarter of 2020, driven primarily by the retention of HughesNet subscribers previously reported as having churned under the Pledge.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our Hughes segment had $1.1 billion and $1.4 billion of contracted revenue backlog, respectively. We define Hughes contracted revenue backlog as our expected future revenue under enterprise customer contracts that are non-cancelable, including lease revenue. Our contracted revenue backlog as of September 30, 2020 decreased primarily due to the bankruptcy of a certain customer and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including lengthened or delayed sales cycles with some of our enterprise customers.

ESS Segment

Our ESS segment provides satellite services on a full-time and/or occasional-use basis to U.S. government service providers, internet service providers, broadcast news organizations, content providers and private enterprise customers. We operate our ESS business using primarily the EchoStar IX satellite and the EchoStar 105/SES-11 satellite and related infrastructure. Revenue in our ESS segment depends largely on our ability to continuously make use of our available satellite capacity with existing customers and our ability to enter into commercial relationships with new customers. Our ESS segment, like others in the fixed satellite services industry, has encountered, and may continue to encounter, negative pressure on transponder rates and demand.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our ESS segment had contracted revenue backlog of $7.8 million and $11.4 million, respectively. We define contracted revenue backlog for our ESS segment as contracted future satellite lease revenue.

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Other Business Opportunities

Our industry continues to evolve with the increasing worldwide demand for broadband internet access for information, entertainment and commerce. The current COVID-19 pandemic has made even more evident the worldwide need and demand for connectivity and communications to facilitate an ever-increasing virtual global community and workplace. In addition to fiber and wireless systems, technologies such as geostationary high throughput satellites, low-earth orbit (“LEO”) networks, medium-earth orbit (“MEO”) systems, balloons and High Altitude Platform Systems are expected to continue to play significant roles in enabling global broadband access, networks and services. We intend to use our expertise, technologies, capital, investments, global presence, relationships and other capabilities to continue to provide broadband internet systems, equipment, networks and services for information, the internet-of-things, entertainment, education, remote-connectivity and commerce across many industries and communities in North America and internationally for consumer and enterprise customers. We are closely tracking the developments in next-generation satellite businesses, and we are seeking to utilize our services, technologies, licenses and expertise to find new commercial opportunities for our business.

We intend to continue to selectively explore opportunities to pursue investments, commercial alliances, partnerships, joint ventures, acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic initiatives and transactions, domestically and internationally, that we believe may allow us to increase our existing market share, increase our satellite capacity, expand into new satellite and other technologies, markets and customers, broaden our portfolio of services, products and intellectual property, make our business more valuable, align us for future growth and expansion, maximize the return on our investments and strengthen our business and relationships with our customers. We may allocate or dispose of significant resources for long-term value that may not have a short or medium-term or any positive impact on our revenue, results of operations, or cash flow.

S-Band Strategy

We continue to explore the development and deployment of S-band technologies and believe that our products and services will be integrated into new global, hybrid networks that leverage multiple satellites and terrestrial technologies. The current COVID-19 pandemic has made even more evident the worldwide need and demand for such networks. In December 2013, we acquired EchoStar Mobile Limited (“EML”), an entity based in Dublin, Ireland, which is licensed to provide mobile satellite service (“MSS”) and complementary ground component (“CGC”) services covering the European Union and its member states (“EU”) using the S-band spectrum. EML’s services in the EU are supported by the EchoStar XXI satellite and the EUTELSAT 10A payload. In October 2019, we acquired Sirion Global Pty Ltd., which we have renamed EchoStar Global Australia Pty Ltd. (“EchoStar Global”), which holds global S-band non-geostationary satellite spectrum rights for MSS. Additionally, we have entered into a contract with Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc. for the design and construction of S-band nano-satellites. We launched two nano-satellites in the third quarter of 2020. We expect to launch our third nano-satellite in 2021. Our nano-satellites will facilitate our continued growth in the global S-band market and enable us to leverage our acquisition of EchoStar Global. In addition, in November 2019, we were granted an S-band spectrum license for terrestrial rights in Mexico. As of September 30, 2020, we have no material future commitments in connection with these acquisitions or satellites.

Cybersecurity

As a global provider of satellite technologies and services, internet services and communications equipment and networks, we may be prone to more targeted and persistent levels of cyber-attacks than other businesses. These risks may be more prevalent as we continue to expand and grow our business into other areas of the world outside of North America, some of which are still developing their cybersecurity infrastructure maturity. Detecting, deterring, preventing and mitigating incidents caused by hackers and other parties may result in significant costs to us and may expose our customers to financial or other harm that have the potential to significantly increase our liability.

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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a large portion of our workforce has been working remotely and we expect certain portions of our workforce to continue to do so from time to time. While we have cybersecurity risk management tools to help protect our technology, information and networks that our employees access remotely, we cannot guarantee the security of the network that they will be using, the security status of the other non-company managed devices that might be on the network to which they are connected or the devices or networks used by third parties with whom our employees conduct business, such as customers, suppliers, vendors and other persons. Additionally, there continues to be a significant amount of COVID-19 related cyber-fraud and phishing attacks that continue to target our employees, vendors, suppliers, customers and others. Accordingly, we increased our cybersecurity efforts and resources as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

We treat cybersecurity risk seriously and are focused on maintaining the security of our and our partners’ systems, networks, technologies and data. We regularly review and revise our relevant policies and procedures, invest in and maintain internal resources, personnel and systems and review, modify and supplement our defenses through the use of various services, programs and outside vendors. Additionally, we provide resources to assist employees in better securing their home networks and remote connections. We also maintain agreements with third party vendors and experts to assist in our remediation and mitigation efforts if we experience or identify a material incident or threat. In addition, senior management and the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors are regularly briefed on cybersecurity matters.

We are not aware of any cyber-incidents with respect to our owned or leased satellites or other networks, equipment or systems that have had a material adverse effect on our business, costs, operations, prospects, results of operation or financial position during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and through November 5, 2020. There can be no assurance, however, that any such incident can be detected or thwarted or will not have such a material adverse effect in the future.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

The following table presents our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019:


	For the three months ended September 30,						Variance
Statements of Operations Data	2020			2019			Amounts		%
Revenue:
Services and other revenue	$	426,532		$	406,537		$	19,995	4.9
Equipment revenue	46,970			65,725			(18,755)		(28.5)
Total revenue	473,502			472,262			1,240		0.3
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales - services and other	146,577			143,842			2,735		1.9
% of total services and other revenue	34.4		%	35.4		%
Cost of sales - equipment	37,079			51,188			(14,109)		(27.6)
% of total equipment revenue	78.9		%	77.9		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	115,358			122,629			(7,271)		(5.9)
% of total revenue	24.4		%	26.0		%
Research and development expenses	7,676			6,136			1,540		25.1
% of total revenue	1.6		%	1.3		%
Depreciation and amortization	129,822			122,374			7,448		6.1
Total costs and expenses	436,512			446,169			(9,657)		(2.2)
Operating income (loss)	36,990			26,093			10,897		41.8
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	7,364			17,175			(9,811)		(57.1)
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	(37,967)			(49,865)			11,898		(23.9)
Gains (losses) on investments, net	14,998			8,295			6,703		80.8
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(2,134)			(3,209)			1,075		(33.5)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	6,681			(15,094)			21,775		*
Other, net	291			(1,493)			1,784		*
Total other income (expense), net	(10,767)			(44,191)			33,424		(75.6)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	26,223			(18,098)			44,321		*
Income tax benefit (provision), net	(2,950)			(5,016)			2,066		(41.2)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	23,273			(23,114)			46,387		*
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	—			2,008			(2,008)		(100.0)
Net income (loss)	23,273			(21,106)			44,379		*
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	2,167			2,797			(630)		(22.5)
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	25,440		$	(18,309)		$	43,749	*

Other data:
EBITDA (1)	$	188,815		$	139,763		$	49,052	35.1
Subscribers, end of period	1,580,000			1,437,000			143,000		10.0

* Percentage is not meaningful.

(1) A reconciliation of EBITDA to Net income (loss), the most directly comparable generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) measure in our Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, is included in Results of Operations. For further information on our use of EBITDA, refer to the Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items.

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The following discussion relates to our continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 unless otherwise stated.

Services and other revenue. Services and other revenue totaled $426.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $20.0 million, or 4.9%, as compared to 2019, primarily attributable to:

•Services and other revenue from our Hughes segment for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $21.8 million, or 5.5%, to $419.8 million, as compared to 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in sales of broadband services to our consumer customers of $30.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in sales of broadband services to our enterprise customers of $6.5 million. Both of these variances reflect the negative impact of exchange rate fluctuations.

•Services and other revenue from Corporate and Other for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $2.1 million, or 47.2%, to $2.3 million, as compared to 2019, which was primarily attributable to a decrease in revenue from certain real estate previously leased to DISH Network and transferred as part of the BSS Transaction.

Equipment revenue. Equipment revenue totaled $47.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $18.8 million, or 28.5%, as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to the bankruptcy of a certain customer.

Cost of sales - services and other. Cost of sales - services and other totaled $146.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $2.7 million, or 1.9%, as compared to 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to our Hughes segment due to the increase in sales of broadband services.

Cost of sales - equipment. Cost of sales - equipment totaled $37.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $14.1 million, or 27.6%, as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to the corresponding reduction in equipment revenue.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $115.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $7.3 million, or 5.9%, as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to expenses related to the license fee dispute in India of $7.2 million in 2019 and decreased sales and marketing expenses of $1.2 million, partially offset by increases in bad debt expense of $3.6 million in 2020.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses totaled $129.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $7.4 million, or 6.1%, as compared to 2019. The increase was primarily due to increases in depreciation expense related to our customer premises equipment.

Interest income, net. Interest income, net totaled $7.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $9.8 million, or 57.1%, as compared to 2019, which was primarily attributable to decreases in the yield of our marketable investment securities.

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized. Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized totaled $38.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $11.9 million, or 23.9%, as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in interest expense related to the license fee dispute in India of $10.5 million in 2019 and an increase of $1.2 million in capitalized interest in 2020 related to the EchoStar XXIV satellite and its related infrastructure.

Gains (losses) on investments, net. Gains (losses) on investments, net were $15.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $6.7 million of net gains. The change was primarily attributable to $6.0 million of net positive variances on marketable investment securities as compared to 2019.

Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net. Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net totaled $2.1 million in losses for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease in losses of

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$1.1 million, or 33.5%, as compared to 2019. The decrease in losses was related to decreased losses from our investments in our equity method investees.

Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net totaled $6.7 million in gains for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $15.1 million in losses for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The change was due to the net weakening of the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies in 2020 compared to 2019.

Income tax benefit (provision), net. Income tax benefit (provision), net was $(3.0) million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $(5.0) million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Our effective income tax rate was 11.2% and (27.7)% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily due to the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses, permanent book tax differences and the impact of state and local taxes, partially offset by research and experimentation credits. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were primarily due to the change in net unrealized gains that are capital in nature and research and experimentation credits, partially offset by the impact of state and local taxes and the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses.

Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock. Net income attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock totaled $25.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to net loss attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock of $18.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, an increase in income of $43.7 million as set forth in the following table:


	Amounts
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the three months ended September 30, 2019	$	(18,309)
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains, net	21,775
Decrease (increase) in interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	11,898
Increase (decrease) in operating income, including depreciation and amortization	10,897
Increase (decrease) in gains on investments, net	6,703
Decrease (increase) in income tax provision, net	2,066
Increase (decrease) in other, net	1,784
Decrease (increase) in equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	1,075
Decrease (increase) in net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(630)
Increase (decrease) in net income from discontinued operations	(2,008)
Increase (decrease) in interest income, net	(9,811)
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the three months ended September 30, 2020	$	25,440

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EBITDA. EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and is described under Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items below. The following table reconciles Net income (loss), the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure in our Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, to EBITDA:


	For the three months ended September 30,				Variance
	2020		2019		Amounts		%
Net income (loss)	$	23,273	$	(21,106)	$	44,379	*
Interest income, net	(7,364)		(17,175)		9,811		(57.1)
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	37,967		49,865		(11,898)		(23.9)
Income tax provision (benefit), net	2,950		5,016		(2,066)		(41.2)
Depreciation and amortization	129,822		122,374		7,448		6.1
Net loss (income) from discontinued operations	—		(2,008)		2,008		(100.0)
Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	2,167		2,797		(630)		(22.5)
EBITDA	$	188,815	$	139,763	$	49,052	35.1

* Percentage is not meaningful.

EBITDA was $188.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $49.1 million, or 35.1%, as compared to 2019, as set forth in the following table:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2019	$	139,763
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains, net	21,775
Increase (decrease) in operating income, excluding depreciation and amortization	18,345
Increase (decrease) in gains on investments, net	6,703
Increase (decrease) in other, net	1,784
Decrease (increase) in equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	1,075
Decrease (increase) in net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(630)
EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2020	$	188,815

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Segment Operating Results and Capital Expenditures

The following tables present our operating results, capital expenditures and EBITDA by segment for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. Capital expenditures in the table below are net of refunds and other receipts related to our property and equipment.


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2020
Total revenue	$	466,762	$	4,402	$	2,338	$	473,502
Capital expenditures	88,848		41		9,248		98,137
EBITDA	190,016		2,274		(3,475)		188,815

For the three months ended September 30, 2019
Total revenue	$	463,735	$	4,098	$	4,429	$	472,262
Capital expenditures	76,572		—		18,583		95,155
EBITDA	155,940		1,791		(17,968)		139,763

Hughes Segment


	For the three months ended September 30,				Variance
	2020		2019		Amounts		%
Total revenue	$	466,762	$	463,735	$	3,027	0.7
Capital expenditures	88,848		76,572		12,276		16.0
EBITDA	190,016		155,940		34,076		21.9

Total revenue was $466.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $3.0 million, or 0.7%, as compared to 2019. The increase was primarily due to increases of $30.4 million in sales of broadband services to our consumer customers, partially offset by decreased hardware sales of $18.8 million and decreased sales of broadband services to our enterprise customers of $6.5 million. These variances reflect the negative impact of exchange rate fluctuations.

Capital expenditures were $88.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $12.3 million, or 16.0%, as compared to 2019, primarily due to increases in expenditures associated with our consumer business.

EBITDA was $190.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $34.1 million, or 21.9%, as compared to 2019 as set forth in the following table:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2019	$	155,940
Increase (decrease) in operating income, excluding depreciation and amortization	18,483
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains, net	14,706
Increase (decrease) in other, net	1,755
Increase (decrease) in gains on investments, net	(34)
Decrease (increase) in equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(204)
Decrease (increase) in net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(630)
EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2020	$	190,016

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ESS Segment


	For the three months ended September 30,				Variance
	2020		2019		Amounts		%
Total revenue	$	4,402	$	4,098	$	304	7.4

EBITDA	2,274		1,791		483		27.0

Total revenue was $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.3 million, or 7.4%, as compared to 2019, primarily due to an increase in transponder services provided to third parties.

EBITDA was $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.5 million, or 27.0%, as compared to 2019, primarily due to the increase in revenue.

Corporate and Other


	For the three months ended September 30,				Variance
	2020		2019		Amounts		%
Total revenue	$	2,338	$	4,429	$	(2,091)	(47.2)
Capital expenditures	9,248		18,583		(9,335)		(50.2)
EBITDA	(3,475)		(17,968)		14,493		(80.7)

Total revenue was $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $2.1 million, or 47.2%, as compared to 2019, which was primarily attributable to a decrease in revenue from certain real estate previously leased to DISH Network and transferred as part of the BSS Transaction.

Capital expenditures were $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $9.3 million, or 50.2%, as compared to 2019, primarily due to a decrease in expenditures on the EchoStar XXIV satellite.

EBITDA was a loss of $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase in loss of $14.5 million, as compared to 2019, as set forth in the following table:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2019	$	(17,968)
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains, net	7,068
Increase (decrease) in gains on investments, net	6,737
Decrease (increase) in equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	1,278
Increase (decrease) in other, net	33
Increase (decrease) in operating income, excluding depreciation and amortization	(623)
EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2020	$	(3,475)

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

The following table presents our consolidated results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019:


	For the nine months ended September 30,						Variance
Statements of Operations Data	2020			2019			Amounts		%
Revenue:
Services and other revenue	$	1,251,932		$	1,211,991		$	39,941	3.3
Equipment revenue	146,702			175,084			(28,382)		(16.2)
Total revenue	1,398,634			1,387,075			11,559		0.8
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales - services and other	432,848			429,869			2,979		0.7
% of total services and other revenue	34.6		%	35.5		%
Cost of sales - equipment	115,529			142,744			(27,215)		(19.1)
% of total equipment revenue	78.8		%	81.5		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	354,437			383,952			(29,515)		(7.7)
% of total revenue	25.3		%	27.7		%
Research and development expenses	21,378			19,411			1,967		10.1
% of total revenue	1.5		%	1.4		%
Depreciation and amortization	392,077			361,619			30,458		8.4
Total costs and expenses	1,316,269			1,337,595			(21,326)		(1.6)
Operating income (loss)	82,365			49,480			32,885		66.5
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	33,707			64,817			(31,110)		(48.0)
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	(112,458)			(156,813)			44,355		(28.3)
Gains (losses) on investments, net	(37,764)			28,087			(65,851)		*
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(5,866)			(14,317)			8,451		(59.0)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	(2,603)			(14,501)			11,898		(82.0)
Other, net	(379)			(1,527)			1,148		(75.2)
Total other income (expense), net	(125,363)			(94,254)			(31,109)		33.0
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	(42,998)			(44,774)			1,776		(4.0)
Income tax benefit (provision), net	(6,309)			(12,607)			6,298		(50.0)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	(49,307)			(57,381)			8,074		(14.1)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	—			46,223			(46,223)		(100.0)
Net income (loss)	(49,307)			(11,158)			(38,149)		*
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	9,040			1,359			7,681		*
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	(40,267)		$	(9,799)		$	(30,468)	*

Other data:
EBITDA (1)	$	436,870		$	410,200		$	26,670	6.5
Subscribers, end of period	1,580,000			1,437,000			143,000		10.0

* Percentage is not meaningful.

(1) A reconciliation of EBITDA to Net income (loss), the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure in our Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, is included in Results of Operations. For further information on our use of EBITDA, refer to the Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items.

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The following discussion relates to our continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 unless otherwise stated.

Services and other revenue. Services and other revenue totaled $1.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $39.9 million, or 3.3%, as compared to 2019.

•Services and other revenue from our Hughes segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $45.9 million, or 3.9%, to $1.2 billion compared to 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in sales of broadband services to our consumer customers of $77.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in sales of broadband services to our enterprise customers of $28.6 million. Both of these variances reflect the negative impact of exchange rate fluctuations.

•Services and other revenue from Corporate and Other for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $7.3 million, or 51.1%, to $7.0 million compared to 2019, which was primarily attributable to a decrease in revenue from certain real estate previously leased to DISH Network and transferred as part of the BSS Transaction.

Equipment revenue. Equipment revenue totaled $146.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $28.4 million, or 16.2%, as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to: (i) $17.4 million related to the bankruptcy of a certain customer and (ii) $9.3 million decreased sales to our enterprise customers.

Cost of sales - services and other. Cost of sales - services and other totaled $432.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $3.0 million, or 0.7%, as compared to 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to our Hughes segment due to an increase in sales of broadband services to our consumer customers, partially offset by a decrease in sales of broadband services to our enterprise customers.

Cost of sales - equipment. Cost of sales - equipment totaled $115.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $27.2 million, or 19.1%, as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to the corresponding reduction in equipment revenue.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $354.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $29.5 million, or 7.7%, as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to expenses related to the license fee dispute in India of $7.2 million in 2019 and a certain legal proceeding of $26.3 million in 2019, partially offset by increased general and administrative expenses of $1.3 million attributable to the Yahsat Brazil JV.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses totaled $392.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $30.5 million, or 8.4%, as compared to 2019. The increase was primarily due to increases in depreciation expense of $16.4 million relating to our customer premises equipment and $14.4 million relating to the depreciation of assets acquired in the Yahsat Brazil JV Transaction.

Interest income, net. Interest income, net totaled $33.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $31.1 million, or 48.0%, as compared to 2019, primarily attributable to decreases in the yield on our marketable investment securities.

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized. Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized totaled $112.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $44.4 million, or 28.3%, as compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $29.0 million in interest expense and in amortization of deferred financing cost as a result of the repurchase and maturity in June 2019 of our 6 1/2% Senior Secured Notes due 2019, a decrease of $6.9 million of interest expense related to the license fee dispute in India, a decrease of $4.2 million related to a certain legal proceeding in 2019 and an increase of $4.4 million in capitalized interest in 2020 relating to the construction of the EchoStar XXIV satellite and its related infrastructure.

Gains (losses) on investments, net. Gains (losses) on investments, net were $(37.8) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $28.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - CONTINUED

decrease in gains of $65.9 million. The change was primarily attributable to $63.9 million of net negative variances on marketable investment securities compared to 2019.

Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net. Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net totaled $5.9 million in loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease in losses of $8.5 million, or 59.0%, as compared to 2019. The decrease in losses was related to decreased losses from our investments in our equity method investees.

Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net totaled $2.6 million in losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease in losses of $11.9 million as compared to 2019. The change was due to the net weakening of the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies in 2020 compared to 2019.

Income tax benefit (provision), net. Income tax benefit (provision) was $(6.3) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $(12.6) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Our effective income tax rate was (14.7)% and (28.2)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily due to the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses, permanent book tax differences and the impact of state and local taxes, partially offset by the change in net unrealized losses that are capital in nature and research and experimentation credits. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were primarily due to the change in net unrealized gains that are capital in nature and research and experimentation credits, partially offset by the impact of state and local taxes and the increase in our valuation allowance associated with certain foreign losses. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded additional tax expense of $2.0 million on deemed mandatory repatriation of certain deferred foreign earnings as the result of new treasury regulations.

Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock. Net loss attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock totaled $40.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to net loss attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock of $9.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a change of $30.5 million as set forth in the following table:


	Amounts
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the nine months ended September 30, 2019	$	(9,799)
Decrease (increase) in interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	44,355
Increase (decrease) in operating income, including depreciation and amortization	32,885
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains, net	11,898
Decrease (increase) in equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	8,451
Decrease (increase) in net income attributable to non-controlling interests	7,681
Decrease (increase) in income tax provision, net	6,298
Increase (decrease) in other, net	1,148
Increase (decrease) in interest income, net	(31,110)
Increase (decrease) in net income from discontinued operations	(46,223)
Increase (decrease) in gains on investments, net	(65,851)
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the nine months ended September 30, 2020	$	(40,267)

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	For the nine months ended September 30,				Variance
	2020		2019		Amounts		%
Net income (loss)	$	(49,307)	$	(11,158)	$	(38,149)	*
Interest income, net	(33,707)		(64,817)		31,110		(48.0)
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	112,458		156,813		(44,355)		(28.3)
Income tax provision (benefit), net	6,309		12,607		(6,298)		(50.0)
Depreciation and amortization	392,077		361,619		30,458		8.4
Net loss (income) from discontinued operations	—		(46,223)		46,223		(100.0)
Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	9,040		1,359		7,681		*
EBITDA	$	436,870	$	410,200	$	26,670	6.5

* Percentage is not meaningful

EBITDA was $436.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of of $26.7 million, or 6.5%, as compared to 2019 as set forth in the following table:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2019	$	410,200
Increase (decrease) in operating income, excluding depreciation and amortization	63,343
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains, net	11,898
Decrease (increase) in equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	8,451
Decrease (increase) in net income attributable to non-controlling interests	7,681
Increase (decrease) in other, net	1,148
Increase (decrease) in gains on investments, net	(65,851)
EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2020	$	436,870

Segment Operating Results and Capital Expenditures

The following tables present our operating results, capital expenditures and EBITDA by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Capital expenditures in the table below are net of refunds and other receipts related to our property and equipment.


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
Total revenue	$	1,378,416	$	13,233	$	6,985	$	1,398,634
Capital expenditures	263,844		41		31,156		295,041
EBITDA	531,276		5,847		(100,253)		436,870

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
Total revenue	$	1,360,919	$	11,873	$	14,283	$	1,387,075
Capital expenditures	224,483		—		89,868		314,351
EBITDA	448,837		5,006		(43,643)		410,200

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Hughes Segment


	For the nine months ended September 30,				Variance
	2020		2019		Amounts		%
Total revenue	$	1,378,416	$	1,360,919	$	17,497	1.3
Capital expenditures	263,844		224,483		39,361		17.5
EBITDA	531,276		448,837		82,439		18.4

Total revenue was $1.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 an increase of $17.5 million, or 1.3%, as compared to 2019. The increase was primarily due to increases of $77.0 million in sales of broadband services to our consumer customers, partially offset by decreased hardware sales of $28.4 million and decreased sales of broadband services to our enterprise customers of $28.6 million. These variances reflect the negative impact of exchange rate fluctuations.

Capital expenditures were $263.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $39.4 million, or 17.5%, as compared to 2019, primarily due to net increases in expenditures associated with our consumer business.

EBITDA was $531.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $82.4 million, or 18.4%, as compared to 2019 as set forth in the following table:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2019	$	448,837
Increase (decrease) in operating income, excluding depreciation and amortization	67,620
Decrease (increase) in net income attributable to non-controlling interests	7,681
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains, net	5,748
Increase (decrease) in other, net	1,210
Increase (decrease) in gains on investments, net	578
Decrease (increase) in equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(398)
EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2020	$	531,276

ESS Segment


	For the nine months ended September 30,				Variance
	2020		2019		Amounts		%
Total revenue	$	13,233	$	11,873	$	1,360	11.5

EBITDA	5,847		5,006		841		16.8

Total revenue was $13.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $1.4 million, or 11.5%, as compared to 2019, primarily due to an increase in transponder services provided to third parties.

EBITDA was $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $0.8 million, or 16.8%, as compared to 2019, primarily due to the increase in revenue.

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Corporate and Other


	For the nine months ended September 30,				Variance
	2020		2019		Amounts		%
Total revenue	$	6,985	$	14,283	$	(7,298)	(51.1)
Capital expenditures	31,156		89,868		(58,712)		(65.3)
EBITDA	(100,253)		(43,643)		(56,610)		*

* Percentage is not meaningful.

Total revenue was $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of $7.3 million, or 51.1%, as compared to 2019 which was primarily attributable to a decrease in revenue from certain real estate previously leased to DISH Network and transferred as part of the BSS Transaction.

Capital expenditures were $31.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $58.7 million, or 65.3%, as compared to 2019, primarily due to a decrease in expenditures on the EchoStar XXIV satellite.

EBITDA was a loss of $100.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase in loss of $56.6 million as compared to 2019 as set forth in the following table:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2019	$	(43,643)
Decrease (increase) in equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	8,847
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains, net	6,150
Increase (decrease) in other, net	(60)
Increase (decrease) in operating income, excluding depreciation and amortization	(5,119)
Increase (decrease) in gains on investments, net	(66,428)
EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2020	$	(100,253)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Investment Securities

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities totaled $2.5 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, of which $2.0 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively, we held as marketable investment securities, consisting of various debt and equity instruments including corporate bonds, corporate equity securities, government bonds and mutual funds. We consider all liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.

Cash Flow Activities

The following discussion highlights our cash flow activities, which include results from continuing and discontinued operations, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

We typically reinvest the cash flow from operating activities in our business. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we reported net cash inflows from operating activities of $365.4 million, a decrease of $167.7 million, as compared to 2019. The decrease in cash inflows was primarily attributable to lower net income of $101.5 million, adjusted to exclude: (i) Depreciation and amortization; (ii) Losses (gains) on investments, net, (iii) Equity in losses (earnings) of unconsolidated affiliates, net; (iv) Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net; (v) Deferred tax provision (benefit), net; (vi) Stock-based compensation; (vii) Amortization of debt issuance costs; and (viii) Other, net. The decrease in cash inflows was also attributable to decreases of $66.2 million resulting from timing differences in operating assets and liabilities.

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Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our investing activities generally include purchases and sales of marketable investment securities, capital expenditures, acquisitions and strategic investments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we reported net cash outflows from investing activities of $1.3 billion, a decrease in cash inflows of $2.3 billion compared to 2019.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had net sales and maturities of marketable securities of $1.2 billion, partially offset by net purchases of marketable securities of $2.2 billion and expenditures for property and equipment of $295.0 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we had net sales and maturities of marketable securities of $2.0 billion, partially offset by net purchases of marketable securities of $0.7 billion and expenditures for property and equipment of $314.9 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Our financing activities generally include proceeds related to the issuance of debt and cash used for the repurchase, redemption or payment of debt and finance lease obligations, payments relating to stock and debt repurchases and the proceeds from Class A common stock options exercised and stock issued under our stock incentive plans and employee stock purchase plan.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we reported net cash inflows from financing activities of $16.5 million compared to net cash outflows of $890.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Net cash inflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included $14.3 million for the contribution by non-controlling interest holder and $8.1 million in net proceeds received from Class A common stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, partially offset by our repurchase of $5.9 million of shares of our Class A common stock.

Net cash outflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 included $920.9 million for the repurchasing and maturity of debt, $29.1 million for the payment of finance lease obligations and $7.3 million for the purchase of non-controlling shareholder interests in a subsidiary of ours that were held by an unaffiliated third party and $7.7 million in net proceeds received from Class A common stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, partially offset by $64.1 million in net proceeds received from Class A common stock options exercised.

Obligations and Future Capital Requirements

Contractual Obligations

As of September 30, 2020, our satellite-related obligations were $391.0 million. These primarily include payments pursuant to agreements for the construction of the EchoStar XXIV satellite, payments pursuant to regulatory authorizations, non-lease costs associated with our finance lease satellites, in-orbit incentives relating to certain satellites and commitments for satellite service arrangements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We generally do not engage in off-balance sheet financing activities or use derivative financial instruments for hedge accounting or speculative purposes.

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Letters of Credit

The following table presents the components of our letters of credit as of September 30, 2020:


	Amounts
Restricted cash	$	8,871
Insurance bonds	3,956
Credit arrangement available to our foreign subsidiaries	29,780
Total letters of credit	$	42,607

Certain letters of credit are secured by assets of our foreign subsidiaries.

Satellites

As our satellite fleet ages, we will be required to evaluate replacement alternatives such as acquiring, leasing or constructing additional satellites, with or without customer commitments for capacity. We may also construct, acquire or lease additional satellites in the future to provide satellite services at additional orbital locations or to improve the quality of our satellite services.

Satellite Insurance

Future Capital Requirements

We primarily rely on our existing cash and marketable investment securities balances, as well as cash flow generated through our operations to fund our business. Revenue in our ESS segment depends largely on our ability to continuously make use of our available satellite capacity with existing customers and our ability to enter into commercial relationships with new customers. Consumer revenue in our Hughes segment depends on our success in adding new and retaining existing subscribers and driving higher average revenue per subscriber across our wholesale and retail channels. Revenue in our enterprise and equipment businesses relies heavily on global economic conditions and the competitive landscape for pricing relative to competitors and alternative technologies. Service costs related to ongoing support of our direct and indirect customers and partners are typically impacted most significantly by our growth. There can be no assurance that we will have positive cash flows from operations. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, in accordance with instructions received from some of our enterprise customers, we have deferred or canceled the delivery of some products or services. In the third quarter of 2020, we have realized the cash flow for services that have been provided and are no longer deferred. Our cash flow could be adversely impacted as a result of the prolonged effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on global activity. Furthermore, if we experience negative cash flows, our existing cash and marketable investment securities balances may be reduced.

We have a significant amount of outstanding indebtedness. As of September 30, 2020, our total long-term debt was $2.4 billion. Refer to our Form 10-K for a discussion of the terms of our long-term debt. Our liquidity requirements will be continue to be significant, primarily due to our remaining debt service requirements and the design and construction of our new EchoStar XXIV satellite. Our 7 5/8% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2021 (the “2021 Notes”) with an outstanding principal balance of $900.0 million mature and are due and payable in June 2021. We may from time to time seek to purchase amounts of our outstanding debt in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, depending on market conditions, our liquidity needs and other factors. The amounts we

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may repurchase may be material. In addition, our future capital expenditures are likely to increase if we make acquisitions or additional investments in infrastructure, technologies or joint ventures to support and expand our business, or if we decide to purchase or build additional satellites or other technologies or assets. Other aspects of our business operations may also require additional capital. We also expect to owe U.S. Federal income tax for 2020.

We anticipate that our existing cash and marketable investment securities are sufficient to repay our 2021 Notes that mature and are due and payable in June 2021 and to fund the currently anticipated operations of our business through the next twelve months.

Stock Repurchases

Pursuant to a stock repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors, we are authorized to repurchase up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 196,999 shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $29.90 for a total purchase price of $5.9 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we did not repurchase any common stock.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our critical accounting policies are those that involve a high degree of estimation, judgment and complexity. Our critical accounting policies are those related to (i) contingent liabilities, (ii) revenue recognition and (iii) impairment of assets.

Our critical accounting policies are described in our Form 10-K under the heading Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies from those presented in our Form 10-K.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For a discussion of new and recently issued accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SEASONALITY

For our Hughes segment, service revenue is generally not impacted by seasonal fluctuations other than those associated with fluctuations related to sales and promotional activities. However, like many communications infrastructure equipment vendors, a higher amount of our hardware revenue occurs in the second half of the year due to our customers’ annual procurement and budget cycles. Large enterprises and operators often allocate their capital expenditure budgets at the beginning of their fiscal year (which often coincides with the calendar year). The typical sales cycle for large complex system procurements is six to 12 months, which often results in the customer expenditure occurring towards the end of the year. Customers often seek to expend the budgeted funds prior to the end of the year and the next budget cycle.

Our ESS segment is generally not affected by seasonal impacts.

While the above-described trends have been observed consistently in recent years, we cannot predict with any certainty whether they will continue in the near future as the economy and our customers react to the COVID-19 pandemic and experience associated disruptions and dislocations.

INFLATION

Inflation has not materially affected our operations during the past three years but we are unable to predict the extent or nature of any future inflationary pressure at this time. We believe that our ability to increase the prices charged for our products and services in future periods will depend primarily on competitive pressures or contractual terms. However, we may not be able to maintain pricing levels consistent with inflationary pressure on expenses.

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EXPLANATION OF KEY METRICS AND OTHER ITEMS

Services and other revenue. Services and other revenue primarily includes the sales of consumer and enterprise broadband services, maintenance and other contracted services, revenue associated with satellite and transponder leases and services, satellite uplinking/downlinking, subscriber wholesale service fees for the HughesNet service professional services and facilities rental revenue.

Equipment revenue. Equipment revenue primarily includes broadband equipment and networks sold to customers in our consumer and enterprise markets.

Cost of sales - services and other. Cost of sales - services and other primarily includes the cost of broadband services provided to our consumer and enterprise customers, maintenance and other contracted services, costs associated with satellite and transponder leases and services, professional services and facilities rental.

Cost of sales - equipment. Cost of sales - equipment consists primarily of the cost of broadband equipment and networks sold to customers in our consumer and enterprise markets. It also includes certain other costs associated with the deployment of equipment to our customers.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily includes selling and marketing costs and employee-related costs associated with administrative services (e.g., human resources and other services and stock-based compensation expense). It also includes professional fees (e.g. legal, information systems and accounting services), other expenses associated with facilities and administrative services and credit losses, which include customer related estimated credit losses and estimated credit losses on non-current receivables.

Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses primarily includes costs associated with the design and development of products to support future growth and provide new technology and innovation to our customers.

Interest income, net. Interest income, net primarily includes interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities, and other investments including premium amortization and discount accretion on debt securities, offset by estimated credit losses on our other debt investments.

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized. Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized primarily includes interest expense associated with our debt and finance lease obligations (net of capitalized interest), amortization of debt issuance costs and interest expense related to certain legal proceedings.

Gains (losses) on investments, net. Gains (losses) on investments, net primarily includes changes in fair value of our marketable equity securities and other investments for which we have elected the fair value option. It may also include realized gains and losses on the sale or exchange of our available-for-sale debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment losses on our available-for-sale debt securities, realized gains and losses on the sale or exchange of other equity investments and other debt investments without readily determinable fair value, adjustments to the carrying amount of investments in unconsolidated affiliates and marketable equity securities resulting from impairments and observable price changes and estimated credit losses.

Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net. Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net includes earnings or losses from our investments accounted for using the equity method.

Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net include gains and losses resulting from the re-measurement of transactions denominated in foreign currencies.

Other, net. Other, net primarily includes dividends received from our marketable investment securities and other non-operating income and expense items that are not appropriately classified elsewhere in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in our Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - CONTINUED

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations. Net income (loss) from discontinued operations includes the financial results of the BSS Business transferred in the BSS Transaction, except for certain real estate that transferred in the transaction.

EBITDA. EBITDA is defined as Net income (loss) excluding Interest income, net, Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized, Income tax benefit (provision), net, Depreciation and amortization, Net income (loss) from discontinued operations and Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests. EBITDA is not a measure determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP measure is reconciled to Net income (loss) in our discussion of Results of Operations above. EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating income, net income or any other measure determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. EBITDA is used by our management as a measure of operating efficiency and overall financial performance for benchmarking against our peers and competitors. Management believes EBITDA provides meaningful supplemental information regarding the underlying operating performance of our business and is appropriate to enhance an overall understanding of our financial performance. Management also believes that EBITDA is useful to investors because it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate the performance of companies in our industry.

Subscribers. Subscribers include customers that subscribe to our HughesNet service, through retail, wholesale and small/medium enterprise service channels.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Refer to our Form 10-K, under the heading Part II - Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, for a more complete discussion of our risks. As of September 30, 2020, other than as explained below, our market risk has not changed materially from those presented in our Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q such that the information required to be disclosed in our Securities and Exchange Commission reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In November 2019, we consummated the Yahsat Brazil JV Transaction. As a result, we are reviewing the internal controls of the business we acquired from Yahsat in the Yahsat Brazil JV Transaction and we may make appropriate changes as deemed necessary.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Except as noted above, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We continue to review our internal control over financial reporting and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing its effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For a discussion of legal proceedings, refer to Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements — Note 13. Contingencies — Litigation in this Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following information updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the information in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Form 10-K.

RISKS RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic, its economic impacts and related government and private sector responsive actions could have a material adverse effect our business operations. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries, including the U.S., and other governmental authorities have imposed restrictions on travel, as well as general movement and gathering restrictions, business closures and other measures imposed to slow the spread of COVID-19.

We have set forth below key risks from the COVID-19 pandemic that we have identified to date. The situation continues to develop, however, and it is impossible to predict the effect and ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We cannot estimate or determine the duration of the quarantine, social distancing and other regulatory measures instituted or recommended in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, whether they will recur or the duration or degree of the business disruptions, and related financial impact. The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into a worldwide health crisis that may continue for an extended period of time and that has adversely affected economies and financial markets throughout the world, resulting in a significant economic downturn and changes in global economic policy that is expected to continue for the foreseeable future and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our operations and those of our customers and other third parties with whom we conduct business are located in areas impacted by the COVID‑19 pandemic, and those operations have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by the COVID‑19 pandemic.

We conduct our product development, manufacturing, installation and customer support and services in areas where, in order to attempt to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, (a) states of emergency related to the spread of COVID-19 have been declared and (b) various levels of “shelter-in-place” or “safer-at-home” orders have been issued, which (i) direct individuals living in those locations to shelter at their places of residence (subject to limited exceptions), (ii) direct businesses and governmental agencies to cease or limit non-essential operations at physical locations, (iii) limit the number of employees that may be present in a particular location; (iv) prohibit or limit non-essential gatherings of various number of individuals, and (v) order cessation of non-essential travel. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the actions from applicable governmental authorities has negatively impacted productivity, increased cybersecurity risks as a large portion of our workforce has been working remotely, disrupted our and our customers’, suppliers’, vendors’ and other business partners’ and investees’ businesses and finances, delayed regulatory and other timelines, and delayed the manufacture and deployment of our satellites. Additionally, some regulatory bodies have furloughed employees, reduced activities and temporarily closed their offices. Such measures may materially delay the review and/or approval of licenses or authorizations we need to operate our business. The magnitude of these impacts will depend, in part, on the length and severity of the pandemic, associated restrictions and resulting economic and financial consequences and other limitations and impediments on the conduct of business in the ordinary course.

Extended periods of interruption to our corporate, development or manufacturing facilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic could cause us to lose revenue, which would depress our financial performance and could be difficult to recapture. Our business may also be harmed if travel continues to be restricted or inadvisable or if members of management and other employees are unable to work because they contract COVID-19, they elect not to come to work due to the illness affecting others in our office or other facilities, or they are subject to quarantines or other governmentally imposed restrictions. Additionally, many of our subscribers are working remotely or engaging in distance learning. These activities have increased the usage on our HughesNet service so that there is

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little or no capacity remaining for subscriber growth in our most popular geographic areas. In addition, the limitation on capacity may result in our subscribers experiencing slower speeds. This, in turn, could result in higher churn and may negatively affect our financial results.

A portion of the expected sales of our products or services have been, and additional sales may be, delayed or canceled as a result of effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations of our customers.

Our customers’ business operations have been, and are continuing to be, subject to business interruptions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the downturn in financial markets arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of our current enterprise customers are facing uncertain futures and certain of these customers have filed for bankruptcy protection, which has negatively impacted our revenue and cash flow. When enterprise customers fail or seek reorganization under the bankruptcy laws, we may be obliged to provide satellite capacity for which we are not being paid. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased unemployment, which could result in reduced demand and increased inability to pay from our consumer customers. Any resulting financial impact cannot be reasonably estimated at this time but may materially affect our subscriber numbers, business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. We are diligently working to ensure that we can operate with minimal disruption and address potential business interruptions on ourselves and our customers. However, the full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic could affect the global economy and our business will depend on future developments and factors that cannot be predicted and there can be no assurance that the COVID-19 pandemic will not result in further delays, or possibly reductions, in our recognition of revenue.

Our supply chain may be materially adversely impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

We rely upon the facilities of our domestic and foreign suppliers to support our business. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant governmental measures in many countries being implemented to control the spread of COVID-19, including restrictions on manufacturing and the movement of employees. As a result, our suppliers may not have the materials, capacity, or capability to supply our components according to our schedule and specifications. Further, there may be logistics issues, including our ability and our supply chain’s ability to quickly ramp up production, and transportation demands that may cause further delays. If our suppliers’ operations are curtailed, we may need to seek alternate sources of supply, which may be more expensive. Alternate sources may not be available or may result in delays in shipments to us from our supply chain and subsequently to our customers, each of which would affect our results of operations. The duration of the disruptions and restrictions on the ability to travel, quarantines and temporary closures of the facilities of our suppliers, as well as general limitations on movement in the region, are unknown and they may recur and the duration of the production and supply chain disruption, and related financial impact, cannot be estimated at this time. Should the production and distribution closures continue for an extended period of time or recur, the impact on our supply chain could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows. Business disruptions could also negatively affect the sources and availability of components and materials that are essential to the operation of our business.

The COVID-19 pandemic could negatively impact our planned or potential strategic initiatives.

Our strategy includes a number of plans to support the growth of our core businesses, including continuing to selectively explore opportunities to pursue investments, commercial alliances, partnerships, joint ventures, acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic initiatives and transactions, domestically and internationally. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts these potential strategic initiatives will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain. If the disruptions posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and related government measures, economic downturns or other matters of global concern continue for an extensive period of time or recur, our ability to pursue and consummate planned or potential strategic initiatives could be materially adversely affected.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Pursuant to a stock repurchase program approved by our board of directors, we are authorized to repurchase up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock through December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we did not repurchase any common stock.

The following table provides information regarding repurchases of our Class A common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020:


Period	Total Number of Shares (Or Units) Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share (or Unit)		Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Program	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) That May Yet Be Purchased Under The Plans or Program (1)
July 1 - 31	—	$	—	—	$	494,109
August 1 - 31	—	—		—	494,109
September 1 - 30	—	—		—	494,109
Total	—	$	—	—	$	494,109

(1) On October 29, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to $500 million of our Class A common stock through and including December 31, 2020. On October 29, 2020, our Board of Directors terminated its prior authorization and authorized us to repurchase, pursuant to its new authorization, up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock through and including December 31, 2021. Purchases under our repurchase authorization may be made through privately negotiated transactions, open market repurchases, one or more trading plans in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise, subject to market conditions and other factors. We may elect to purchase some or all, or not to purchase the maximum amount or any of, the remaining shares allowable under this program and we may also enter into additional share repurchase programs authorized by our Board of Directors. All shares repurchased reflected in the table above have been converted to treasury shares.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Stock Repurchases

Our Board of Directors previously authorized us to repurchase up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock through and including December 31, 2020. On October 29, 2020, our Board of Directors terminated its prior authorization and authorized us to repurchase, pursuant to its new authorization, up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock through and including December 31, 2021. Purchases under our repurchase authorization may be made through privately negotiated transactions, open market repurchases, one or more trading plans in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise, subject to market conditions and other factors. We may elect not to purchase the maximum amount or any of the shares allowable under this program and we may also enter into additional share repurchase programs authorized by our Board of Directors.

Financial Results

On November 5, 2020, we issued a press release (the “Press Release”) announcing our financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. A copy of the Press Release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1. The foregoing information, including the exhibits related thereto, are furnished in response to Item 2.02 of Form 8-K and shall not be deemed filed for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the

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“Exchange Act”), or otherwise, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or into any filing or other document pursuant to the Exchange Act, except as otherwise expressly stated in any such filing.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit No.						Description
10.1(H)						Amendment to EchoStar Non-Qualified Plan -- Executive Plan and Adoption Agreement, dated October 21, 2019.**
10.2(H)						Amendment No. 1 to Contract between EchoStar XXIV L.L.C. and Space Systems/Loral, LLC for the Jupiter 3 Satellite Program, dated October 1, 2018.***
31.1(H)						Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2(H)						Section 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1(I)						Section 906 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
99.1(I)						Press release dated November 5 , 2020 issued by EchoStar Corporation regarding financial results for the period ended September 30, 2020
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.


(H)			Filed herewith.
(I)			Furnished herewith
*			Incorporated by reference.
**			Constitutes a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
***			Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. We agree to furnish supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit upon request, subject to our right to request confidential treatment of any requested schedule or exhibit.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		ECHOSTAR CORPORATION


Date: November 5, 2020	By:	/s/ Michael T. Dugan
		Michael T. Dugan
		Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
		(Principal Executive Officer)


Date: November 5, 2020	By:	/s/ David J. Rayner
		David J. Rayner
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)