EchoStar CORP - Quarter Report: 2023 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023.

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-33807

EchoStar Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada

26-1232727

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 Inverness Terrace East, Englewood, Colorado

80112-5308

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(303) 706-4000

Not Applicable

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Class A common stock

$0.001 par value

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

(Title of each class)

(Name of each exchange on which registered)

SATS

(Ticker symbol)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 2, 2023, the registrant’s outstanding common stock consisted of 36,162,282 shares of Class A common stock and 47,687,039 shares of Class B common stock, each $0.001 par value.

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS


	Part I - Financial Information

	Disclosure Regarding Forward Looking Statements	i

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 (unaudited) and December 31, 2022 (audited)	1
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	7
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	42
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	63
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	63

	Part II - Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	64
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	64
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	67
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	67
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	67
Item 5.	Other Information	67
Item 6.	Exhibits	68
	Signatures	69

Table of Contents

ITEM 1: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including but not limited to statements about our estimates, expectations, future developments, plans, objectives, strategies, financial condition, expected impact of regulatory developments and legal proceedings, opportunities in our industries and businesses and other trends and projections for the next fiscal quarter and beyond. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may also be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “seek,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “predict,” “project,” “continue,” “future,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may” and similar terms. These forward-looking statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Form 10-Q and represent management’s current views and assumptions based on past experience and trends, current economic and industry conditions, expected future developments and other relevant factors. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, events or results and involve potential known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, many of which may be beyond our control and may pose a risk to our operating and financial condition both the near- and long-term. Accordingly, actual performance, events or results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors including, but not limited to:

•risks relating to our ability to complete and realize the expected benefits of the pending merger with DISH Network Corporation;

•significant risks related to our ability to launch, operate, and control our satellites, operational and environmental risks related to our owned and leased satellites, and risks related to our satellites under construction;

•our ability and the ability of third parties with whom we engage to operate our business as a result of changes in the global business environment, including regulatory and competitive considerations;

•our ability to implement and/or realize benefits of our investments and other strategic initiatives;

•risks related to our foreign operations and other uncertainties associated with doing business internationally;

•risks related to our dependency upon third-party providers, including supply chain disruptions and inflation;

•risks related to cybersecurity incidents; and

•risks related to our human capital resources.

Other factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the caption Risk Factors in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), those discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q and in Part II, Item 7 of our Form 10-K and those discussed in other documents we file with the SEC.

All cautionary statements made herein should be read as being applicable to all forward-looking statements wherever they appear. Investors should consider the risks and uncertainties described herein and should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We do not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions that may be made to any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We do not assume responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any forward-looking statements. We assume no responsibility for updating forward-looking information contained or incorporated by reference herein or in any documents we file with the SEC, except as required by law.

Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described herein or in any documents we file with the SEC occur, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements.

Table of Contents

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	702,055	$	704,541
Marketable investment securities	1,211,407		973,915
Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net	238,967		236,479
Other current assets, net	244,347		210,446
Total current assets	2,396,776		2,125,381
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	2,168,376		2,237,617
Operating lease right-of-use assets	144,055		151,518
Goodwill	533,295		532,491
Regulatory authorizations, net	460,310		462,531
Other intangible assets, net	14,582		15,698
Other investments, net	193,432		356,705
Other non-current assets, net	326,218		317,062
Total non-current assets	3,840,268		4,073,622
Total assets	$	6,237,044	$	6,199,003

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	91,118	$	101,239
Contract liabilities	107,977		121,739
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	199,086		199,853
Total current liabilities	398,181		422,831
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term debt, net	1,497,187		1,496,777
Deferred tax liabilities, net	432,877		424,621
Operating lease liabilities	128,374		135,932
Other non-current liabilities	109,299		119,787
Total non-current liabilities	2,167,737		2,177,117
Total liabilities	2,565,918		2,599,948

Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)


Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 4,000,000,000 shares authorized:
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value, 1,600,000,000 shares authorized, 59,474,291 shares issued and 36,160,980 shares outstanding at June 30, 2023 and 58,604,927 shares issued and 35,291,616 shares outstanding at December 31, 2022	59		59
Class B convertible common stock, $0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, 47,687,039 shares issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	48		48
Class C convertible common stock, $0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Class D common stock, $0.001 par value, 800,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	3,379,997		3,367,058
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(153,874)		(172,239)
Accumulated earnings (losses)	873,715		833,517
Treasury shares, at cost, 23,313,311 shares at both June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	(525,824)		(525,824)
Total EchoStar Corporation stockholders' equity	3,574,121		3,502,619
Non-controlling interests	97,005		96,436
Total stockholders' equity	3,671,126		3,599,055
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	6,237,044	$	6,199,003

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue:
Services and other revenue	$	371,510	$	414,697	$	749,037	$	833,508
Equipment revenue	81,599		84,619		143,669		167,342
Total revenue	453,109		499,316		892,706		1,000,850
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales - services and other (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	132,724		144,235		268,096		285,364
Cost of sales - equipment (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	56,162		70,054		107,824		139,168
Selling, general and administrative expenses	107,420		113,091		217,481		231,261
Research and development expenses	6,842		8,764		15,097		16,381
Depreciation and amortization	105,588		116,555		208,446		236,991
Impairment of long-lived assets	—		711		3,142		711
Total costs and expenses	408,736		453,410		820,086		909,876
Operating income (loss)	44,373		45,906		72,620		90,974
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	23,526		9,072		52,122		15,494
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	(13,240)		(14,307)		(26,526)		(29,280)
Gains (losses) on investments, net	(5,485)		(22,538)		(12,594)		58,148
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(546)		(1,301)		(1,097)		(3,015)
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	(33,400)		—		(33,400)		—
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	3,258		(3,642)		6,571		2,752
Other, net	9,372		2,673		9,442		2,517
Total other income (expense), net	(16,515)		(30,043)		(5,482)		46,616
Income (loss) before income taxes	27,858		15,863		67,138		137,590
Income tax benefit (provision), net	(18,773)		(5,390)		(30,233)		(38,172)
Net income (loss)	9,085		10,473		36,905		99,418
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	2,072		3,395		3,293		5,883
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	11,157	$	13,868	$	40,198	$	105,301

Earnings (losses) per share - Class A and B common stock:
Basic	$	0.13	$	0.16	$	0.48	$	1.24
Diluted	$	0.13	$	0.16	$	0.48	$	1.24

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited, in thousands)


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	9,085	$	10,473	$	36,905	$	99,418
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	12,821		(38,114)		20,312		10,831
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	1,903		(66)		1,688		(633)
Amounts reclassified to net income (loss):
Realized losses (gains) on available-for-sale debt securities	227		3		227		3
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	14,951		(38,177)		22,227		10,201
Comprehensive income (loss)	24,036		(27,704)		59,132		109,619
Less: Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	178		10,387		(569)		3,319
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation	$	24,214	$	(17,317)	$	58,563	$	112,938

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Unaudited, in thousands)


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Earnings (Losses)		Treasury Shares, at cost		Non-controlling Interests		Total
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	106	$	3,343,056	$	(173,280)	$	747,899	$	(471,582)	$	111,714	$	3,557,913
Issuance of Class A common stock:
Employee benefits	1		—		—		—		—		—		1
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		2,679		—		—		—		—		2,679
Stock-based compensation	—		3,187		—		—		—		—		3,187
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		(31,185)		—		—		(6,992)		(38,177)
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		13,868		—		(3,395)		10,473
Treasury share repurchase	—		—		—		—		(42,836)		—		(42,836)
Consideration received from DISH Network for R&D tax credits utilized	—		6,316		—		—		—		—		6,316
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	107	$	3,355,238	$	(204,465)	$	761,767	$	(514,418)	$	101,327	$	3,499,556

Balance, March 31, 2023	$	107	$	3,376,169	$	(166,931)	$	862,558	$	(525,824)	$	97,183	$	3,643,262
Issuance of Class A common stock:
Employee benefits	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		1,045		—		—		—		—		1,045
Stock-based compensation	—		2,783		—		—		—		—		2,783
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		13,057		—		—		1,894		14,951
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		11,157		—		(2,072)		9,085


Balance, June 30, 2023	$	107	$	3,379,997	$	(153,874)	$	873,715	$	(525,824)	$	97,005	$	3,671,126

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Unaudited, in thousands)


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Earnings (Losses)		Treasury Shares, at cost		Non-controlling Interests		Total
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	106	$	3,345,878	$	(212,102)	$	656,466	$	(436,521)	$	60,253	$	3,414,080
Issuance of Class A common stock:
Employee benefits	1		7,041		—		—		—		—		7,042
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		5,046		—		—		—		—		5,046
Stock-based compensation	—		5,047		—		—		—		—		5,047
Issuance of equity and contribution of assets pursuant to the India JV formation	—		(14,090)		—		—		—		44,393		30,303
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		7,637		—		—		2,564		10,201
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		105,301		—		(5,883)		99,418
Treasury share repurchase	—		—		—		—		(77,897)		—		(77,897)
Consideration received from DISH Network for R&D tax credits utilized	—		6,316		—		—		—		—		6,316
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	107	$	3,355,238	$	(204,465)	$	761,767	$	(514,418)	$	101,327	$	3,499,556

Balance, December 31, 2022	$	107	$	3,367,058	$	(172,239)	$	833,517	$	(525,824)	$	96,436	$	3,599,055
Issuance of Class A common stock:
Employee benefits	—		5,421		—		—		—		—		5,421
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	—		2,143		—		—		—		—		2,143
Stock-based compensation	—		5,375		—		—		—		—		5,375
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		18,365		—		—		3,862		22,227
Net income (loss)	—		—		—		40,198		—		(3,293)		36,905

Balance, June 30, 2023	$	107	$	3,379,997	$	(153,874)	$	873,715	$	(525,824)	$	97,005	$	3,671,126

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited, in thousands)


	For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	36,905	$	99,418
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	208,446		236,991
Impairment of long-lived assets	3,142		711
Losses (gains) on investments, net	12,594		(58,148)
Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates, net	1,097		3,015
Foreign currency transaction losses (gains), net	(6,571)		(2,752)
Deferred tax provision, net	7,872		24,412
Stock-based compensation	5,375		5,047
Amortization of debt issuance costs	410		386
Gain on repayment of other debt securities	(7,605)		—
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	33,400		—

Other, net	(22,498)		27,397
Changes in assets and liabilities, net:
Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net	975		(39,271)
Other current assets, net	(41,887)		(6,113)
Trade accounts payable	(16,771)		1,793
Contract liabilities	(13,762)		(6,487)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	3,416		(10,119)
Non-current assets and non-current liabilities, net	(13,580)		(24,648)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	190,958		251,632
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable investment securities	(900,560)		(183,529)
Sales and maturities of marketable investment securities	663,873		669,600
Expenditures for property and equipment	(124,458)		(187,917)
Refunds and other receipts related to capital expenditures	31,371		—
Expenditures for externally marketed software	(15,253)		(11,967)
Proceeds from repayment of other debt investment	148,448		—
India JV formation	—		(7,892)
Dividend received from unconsolidated affiliate	—		2,000



Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(196,579)		280,295
Cash flows from financing activities:

Payment of finance lease obligations	—		(114)
Payment of in-orbit incentive obligations	(2,460)		(1,908)

Proceeds from Class A common stock issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan	2,143		5,046
Treasury share repurchase	—		(77,095)


Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(317)		(74,071)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	3,483		(728)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(2,455)		457,128
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted amounts, beginning of period	705,883		536,874
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted amounts, end of period	$	703,428	$	994,002

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Principal Business

EchoStar Corporation (which, together with its subsidiaries, is referred to as “EchoStar,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our”) is a holding company that was organized in October 2007 as a corporation under the laws of the State of Nevada. Our Class A common stock is publicly traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “SATS.”

We are an industry leader in both networking technologies and services, innovating to deliver the global solutions that power a connected future for people, enterprises and things everywhere. We provide internet services to consumer customers, which include home and small to medium-sized businesses, and satellite and multi-transport technologies and managed network services to enterprise customers, telecommunications providers, aeronautical service providers and government entities, including the U.S. Department of Defense. We operate in the following two business segments:

•Hughes segment — which provides broadband satellite technologies and broadband internet products and services to consumer customers. We provide broadband network technologies, managed services, equipment, hardware, satellite services and communications solutions to government and enterprise customers. We also design, provide and install gateway and terminal equipment to customers for other satellite systems. In addition, we design, develop, construct and provide telecommunication networks comprising satellite ground segment systems and terminals to mobile system operators and our enterprise customers.

•EchoStar Satellite Services segment (“ESS segment”) — which provides satellite services on a full-time and/or occasional-use basis to U.S. government service providers, internet service providers, broadcast news organizations, content providers and private enterprise customers. We operate our ESS business using primarily the EchoStar IX satellite and the EchoStar 105/SES-11 satellite and related infrastructure. Revenue in our ESS segment depends largely on our ability to make continuous use of our available satellite capacity on behalf of existing customers and our ability to enter into commercial relationships with new customers. During the first quarter of 2023, we transitioned the EchoStar IX satellite into inclined operations to extend its usable life for our customers. With this inclined mode of operation, we are expecting to extend the life of the spacecraft into 2024 without diminishing its capacity.

Our operations include various corporate functions (primarily Executive, Treasury, Strategic Development, Human Resources, Information Technology, Finance, Accounting, Real Estate and Legal) and other activities. Operating expenses include costs incurred in certain satellite development programs and other business development activities, and other income or expenses includes gains or losses from certain of our investments, that have not been assigned to our business segments. These activities, costs and income, as well as eliminations of intersegment transactions, are accounted for in Corporate and Other. We also divide our operations by primary geographic market as follows: (i) North America (the U.S. and its territories, Mexico, and Canada); (ii) South and Central America and (iii) Other (Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, India, and the Middle East). Refer to Note 14. Segment Reporting for further details.

On August 8, 2023, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (“the Merger Agreement”) with DISH Network Corporation, a Nevada corporation (“DISH”), and Eagle Sub Corp, a Nevada corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of DISH (“Merger Sub”). The Merger Agreement provides, among other things, that subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into EchoStar, with EchoStar surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of DISH. Refer to Note 16. Subsequent Events for further details.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

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ECHOSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes (collectively, the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required for complete financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP. In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. However, our results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

All amounts presented in these Consolidated Financial Statements are expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise noted.

Refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Form 10-K for a summary and discussion of our significant accounting policies, except as updated below.

Use of Estimates

We are required to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these Consolidated Financial Statements. The most significant estimates and assumptions are used in determining: (i) inputs used to recognize revenue over time, including amortization periods for deferred contract acquisition costs; (ii) allowances for doubtful accounts, and estimated credit losses on investments; (iii) deferred taxes and related valuation allowances, including uncertain tax positions; (iv) loss contingencies; (v) fair value of financial instruments; (vi) fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations; and (vii) assets and goodwill impairment testing.

We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience, observable market inputs and on various other factors that we believe to be relevant under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts and such differences may be material to our financial statements. Additionally, changing economic conditions may increase the inherent uncertainty in the estimates and assumptions indicated above. We review our estimates and assumptions periodically and the effects of revisions thereto are reflected in the period they occur or prospectively if the revised estimate affects future periods.

Principles of Consolidation

We consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. We are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary and in other entities in which we own more than 50% of the outstanding voting shares and other shareholders do not have substantive rights to participate in management. For entities we control but do not wholly own, we record a non-controlling interest within stockholders’ equity for the portion of the entity’s equity attributed to the non-controlling ownership interests. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Business Combinations

On January 1, 2023, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2021-08 - Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which provides an exception to fair value measurement for contract assets and contract liabilities related to revenue contracts acquired in a business combination. The ASU requires an entity (acquirer) to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606. At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts. The ASU is applied to business combinations occurring on or after the adoption date.

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Government Assistance

On January 1, 2022, we adopted ASU No. 2021-10 - Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, which requires business entities (except for not-for-profit entities and employee benefit plans) to disclose information about certain government assistance they receive. The Company is currently participating in three government programs: New York-Connect America Fund, New York Broadband, and Affordable Connectivity Plan. The purpose of these programs is to provide internet and connectivity services to qualifying households in the United States. The Company is entitled to reimbursement from the government for services provided. We record gross monies received from government entities in Services and other revenue, and associated expenses such as salaries and supplies are recorded in Cost of sales - services and other, Research and development or Selling, general and administrative expenses, depending on the nature of expenditure. We accrue for reimbursement requests submitted to government entities in Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recognized $4.4 million and $8.1 million in Services and other revenue, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, we have trade accounts receivable of $2.8 million related to our government programs.

Income Taxes

On January 1, 2021, we adopted ASU No. 2019-12 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). ASU 2019-12 is part of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) overall simplification initiative and seeks to simplify the accounting for income taxes by updating certain guidance and removing certain exceptions. Our adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Leases - Common Control Arrangements

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01 - Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements. Among other things, this ASU requires all lessees to amortize leasehold improvements associated with common control leases over their useful life to the common control group and account for them as a transfer of assets between entities under common control at the end of the lease. Additional disclosures are required when the useful life of leasehold improvements to the common control group exceeds the related lease term. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt this new guidance prospectively to all new leasehold improvements recognized on or after January 1, 2024 and we do not expect it to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), and all subsequent amendments to the initial guidance, codified as ASC 848 (“ASC 848”). The purpose of ASC 848 is to provide optional guidance to ease the potential effects on financial reporting of the market-wide migration away from Interbank Offered Rates to alternative reference rates. ASC 848 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference a reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance may be applied upon issuance of ASC 848 through December 31, 2024. We expect to utilize the optional expedients provided by the guidance for contracts amended solely to use an alternative reference rate. We have evaluated the new guidance and we are in the process of implementing this ASU, and all subsequent amendments, and do not expect them to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTE 3. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Contract Balances

The following table presents the components of our contract balances:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net:
Sales and services	$	178,050	$	170,466
Leasing and other	10,224		7,936
Total trade accounts receivable	188,274		178,402
Contract assets	66,916		73,435
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(16,223)		(15,358)
Total trade accounts receivable and contract assets, net	$	238,967	$	236,479

Contract liabilities:
Current	$	107,977	$	121,739
Non-current	6,738		8,326
Total contract liabilities	$	114,715	$	130,065

The following table presents the revenue recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations that was previously included within contract liabilities:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue	$	11,586	$	20,852	$	72,549	$	109,799

Contract Acquisition Costs

The following table presents the activity in our contract acquisition costs, net:


	For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	64,447	$	82,986
Additions	23,601		30,645
Amortization expense	(32,135)		(39,653)
Foreign currency translation	1,006		724
Balance at end of period	$	56,919	$	74,702

We recognized amortization expenses related to contract acquisition costs of $15.5 million and $19.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Performance Obligations

As of June 30, 2023, the remaining performance obligations for our customer contracts was approximately $1.0 billion. Performance obligations expected to be satisfied within one year and greater than one year are 35% and 65%, respectively. This amount and percentages exclude agreements with consumer customers in our Hughes segment, our leasing arrangements and agreements with certain customers under which collectability of all amounts due through the term of contracts is uncertain.

Disaggregation of Revenue

Geographic Information

The following tables present our revenue from customer contracts disaggregated by primary geographic market and by segment:


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the three months ended June 30, 2023
North America	$	364,551	$	6,120	$	2,654	$	373,325
South and Central America	41,312		—		—		41,312
Other	38,472		—		—		38,472
Total revenue	$	444,335	$	6,120	$	2,654	$	453,109

For the three months ended June 30, 2022
North America	$	398,698	$	4,850	$	2,625	$	406,173
South and Central America	42,094		—		—		42,094
Other	51,049		—		—		51,049
Total revenue	$	491,841	$	4,850	$	2,625	$	499,316

For the six months ended June 30, 2023
North America	$	713,512	$	12,117	$	5,059	$	730,688
South and Central America	79,685		—		—		79,685
Other	82,333		—		—		82,333
Total revenue	$	875,530	$	12,117	$	5,059	$	892,706

For the six months ended June 30, 2022
North America	$	798,120	$	9,324	$	5,572	$	813,016
South and Central America	84,966		—		—		84,966
Other	102,861		—		7		102,868
Total revenue	$	985,947	$	9,324	$	5,579	$	1,000,850

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Nature of Products and Services

The following tables present our revenue disaggregated by the nature of products and services and by segment:


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the three months ended June 30, 2023
Services and other revenue:
Services	$	353,333	$	3,910	$	1,565	$	358,808
Lease revenue	9,403		2,210		1,089		12,702
Total services and other revenue	362,736		6,120		2,654		371,510
Equipment revenue:
Equipment	26,682		—		—		26,682
Design, development and construction services	51,476		—		—		51,476
Lease revenue	3,441		—		—		3,441
Total equipment revenue	81,599		—		—		81,599
Total revenue	$	444,335	$	6,120	$	2,654	$	453,109

For the three months ended June 30, 2022
Services and other revenue:
Services	$	397,320	$	3,161	$	1,349	$	401,830
Lease revenue	9,902		1,689		1,276		12,867
Total services and other revenue	407,222		4,850		2,625		414,697
Equipment revenue:
Equipment	27,408		—		—		27,408
Design, development and construction services	56,311		—		—		56,311
Lease revenue	900		—		—		900
Total equipment revenue	84,619		—		—		84,619
Total revenue	$	491,841	$	4,850	$	2,625	$	499,316

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	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the six months ended June 30, 2023
Services and other revenue:
Services	$	712,773	$	7,897	$	2,852	$	723,522
Lease revenue	19,088		4,220		2,207		25,515
Total services and other revenue	731,861		12,117		5,059		749,037
Equipment revenue:
Equipment	47,647		—		—		47,647
Design, development and construction services	88,380		—		—		88,380
Lease revenue	7,642		—		—		7,642
Total equipment revenue	143,669		—		—		143,669
Total revenue	$	875,530	$	12,117	$	5,059	$	892,706

For the six months ended June 30, 2022
Services and other revenue:
Services	$	797,722	$	6,096	$	2,868	$	806,686
Lease revenue	20,889		3,228		2,705		26,822
Total services and other revenue	818,611		9,324		5,573		833,508
Equipment revenue:
Equipment	53,293		—		6		53,299
Design, development and construction services	112,216		—		—		112,216
Lease revenue	1,827		—		—		1,827
Total equipment revenue	167,336		—		6		167,342
Total revenue	$	985,947	$	9,324	$	5,579	$	1,000,850

Lease Revenue

The following table presents our lease revenue by type of lease:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Sales-type lease revenue:
Revenue at lease commencement	$	2,887	$	583	$	6,641	$	1,221
Interest income	554		317		1,001		606
Total sales-type lease revenue	3,441		900		7,642		1,827
Operating lease revenue	12,702		12,867		25,515		26,822
Total lease revenue	$	16,143	$	13,767	$	33,157	$	28,649

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NOTE 4. MARKETABLE INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The following table presents our Marketable investment securities:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Marketable investment securities:
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Corporate bonds	$	271,848	$	160,559
Commercial paper	834,132		687,927
Other debt securities	17,255		17,695
Total available-for-sale debt securities	1,123,235		866,181
Equity securities	99,627		118,790
Total marketable investment securities, including restricted amounts	1,222,862		984,971
Less: Restricted marketable investment securities	(11,455)		(11,056)
Total marketable investment securities	$	1,211,407	$	973,915

Debt Securities

Available-for-Sale

The following table presents the components of our available-for-sale debt securities:


	Amortized		Unrealized				Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
As of June 30, 2023
Corporate bonds	$	269,338	$	2,622	$	(112)	$	271,848
Commercial paper	834,135		—		(3)		834,132
Other debt securities	17,273		—		(18)		17,255
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	1,120,746	$	2,622	$	(133)	$	1,123,235
As of December 31, 2022
Corporate bonds	$	160,494	$	125	$	(60)	$	160,559
Commercial paper	687,956		—		(29)		687,927
Other debt securities	17,785		—		(90)		17,695
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	866,235	$	125	$	(179)	$	866,181

The following table presents the activity on our available-for-sale debt securities:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Proceeds from sales	$	99,368	$	8,886	$	137,477	$	37,904

As of June 30, 2023, we have $1,090.0 million of available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities of one year or less and $33.2 million with contractual maturities greater than one year.

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Equity Securities

The following table presents the activity of our equity securities:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Gains (losses) on investments, net	$	(5,715)	$	(22,752)	$	(12,821)	$	8,263

Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents our marketable investment securities categorized by the fair value hierarchy, certain of which have historically experienced volatility:


	Level 1		Level 2		Total
As of June 30, 2023
Cash equivalents (including restricted)	$	437	$	602,325	$	602,762
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Corporate bonds	$	—	$	271,848	$	271,848
Commercial paper	—		834,132		834,132
Other debt securities	12,922		4,333		17,255
Total available-for-sale debt securities	12,922		1,110,313		1,123,235
Equity securities	89,436		10,191		99,627
Total marketable investment securities, including restricted amounts	102,358		1,120,504		1,222,862
Less: Restricted marketable investment securities	(11,455)		—		(11,455)
Total marketable investment securities	$	90,903	$	1,120,504	$	1,211,407

As of December 31, 2022
Cash equivalents (including restricted)	$	657	$	595,814	$	596,471
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Corporate bonds	$	—	$	160,559	$	160,559
Commercial paper	—		687,927		687,927
Other debt securities	15,968		1,727		17,695
Total available-for-sale debt securities	15,968		850,213		866,181
Equity securities	109,002		9,788		118,790
Total marketable investment securities, including restricted amounts	124,970		860,001		984,971
Less: Restricted marketable investment securities	(11,056)		—		(11,056)
Total marketable investment securities	$	113,914	$	860,001	$	973,915

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we did not have any investments that were categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

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NOTE 5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The following table presents the components of Property and equipment, net:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Property and equipment, net:
Satellites, net	$	1,514,141	$	1,563,033
Other property and equipment, net	654,235		674,584
Total property and equipment, net	$	2,168,376	$	2,237,617

Satellites

As of June 30, 2023, our satellite fleet consisted of ten satellites, seven of which are owned and three of which are leased. They are all in geosynchronous (“GEO”) orbit, approximately 22,300 miles above the equator.

The following table presents our GEO satellite fleet as of June 30, 2023:

GEO Satellite

Segment

Launch Date

Nominal Degree Orbital Location (Longitude)

Depreciable Life (In Years)

Owned:

SPACEWAY 3 (1)

Hughes

August 2007

95 W

EchoStar XVII

Hughes

July 2012

107 W

EchoStar XIX

Hughes

December 2016

97.1 W

Al Yah 3 (“AY3”) (2)

Hughes

January 2018

20 W

EchoStar IX (3) (4)

ESS

August 2003

121 W

EUTELSAT 10A (“W2A”) (5)

Corporate and Other

April 2009

10 E

EchoStar XXI

Corporate and Other

June 2017

10.25 E

Finance leases:

Eutelsat 65 West A

Hughes

March 2016

65 W

Telesat T19V

Hughes

July 2018

63 W

EchoStar 105/SES-11

ESS

October 2017

105 W

(1) Depreciable life represents the remaining useful life as of June 8, 2011, the date EchoStar completed the acquisition of Hughes Communications, Inc. (“Hughes Communications”) and its subsidiaries in 2011 (the “Hughes Acquisition”).

(2) Upon consummation of our joint venture with Al Yah Satellite Communications Company PrJSC (“Yahsat”) in Brazil in November 2019, we acquired the Brazilian Ka-band payload on this satellite with a remaining useful life of 7 years as of that time. In the second quarter of 2023 we reduced the estimated useful life of the satellite as a result of certain technical anomalies. In order to safeguard the future operability of the satellite, the Company has, in conjunction with recommendations from the satellite manufacturers, implemented immediate and long-term remedial actions. A revised estimate of the satellite’s remaining lifetime has been calculated using operational data of two previous quarters. The Company has updated the remaining useful life of AY3 and related ground assets prospectively from April 1, 2023 to reflect the change in estimate. This has increased the depreciation expense for the current six month period by $3.7 million. The increase is expected to be $11.1 million for the full year 2023 and $12.8 million for the year 2024, respectively. Although the anomalies are expected to shorten the remaining useful life of the satellite, they have not affected its current operation.

(3) We own the Ka-band and Ku-band payloads on this satellite.

(4) The Company placed the satellite in an inclined-orbit in the first quarter of 2023. Inclined-orbit will extend its life to enable further revenue generating opportunities.

(5) We acquired the S-band payload on this satellite in December 2013. Prior to acquisition, the S-band payload experienced an anomaly at the time of launch and, as a result, is not fully operational.

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The following table presents the components of our satellites, net:


	Depreciable Life (In Years)	As of
		June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Satellites, net:
Satellites - owned	5 to 15	$	1,807,036	$	1,808,924
Satellites - acquired under finance leases	15	368,876		360,642
Construction in progress	—	618,727		608,773
Total satellites		2,794,639		2,778,339
Accumulated depreciation:
Satellites - owned		(1,142,989)		(1,093,412)
Satellites - acquired under finance leases		(137,509)		(121,894)
Total accumulated depreciation		(1,280,498)		(1,215,306)
Total satellites, net		$	1,514,141	$	1,563,033

The following table presents the depreciation expense associated with our satellites, net:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Depreciation expense:
Satellites - owned	$	25,807	$	24,282	$	49,911	$	48,478
Satellites - acquired under finance leases	6,101		6,137		12,119		12,124
Total depreciation expense	$	31,908	$	30,419	$	62,030	$	60,602

The following table presents capitalized interest associated with our satellites and satellite-related ground infrastructure:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Capitalized interest	$	11,603	$	10,883	$	23,374	$	21,265

Construction in Progress

In August 2017, we entered into a contract for the design and construction of the EchoStar XXIV satellite, a next-generation, high throughput geostationary satellite. Once in service, the satellite is expected to bring further consumer broadband capacity across North and South America and generate additional sales in other markets, including in-flight Wi-Fi, enterprise networking and cellular backhaul for mobile network operators across the two continents. Capital expenditures associated with the construction and launch of the EchoStar XXIV satellite are included in Corporate and Other. The satellite was launched in July 2023 and is expected to begin service in the fourth quarter of 2023. See Note 16. Subsequent Events.

Satellite-Related Commitments

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our satellite-related commitments were $179.1 million and $169.3 million, respectively. These include payments pursuant to: the EchoStar XXIV launch contract, regulatory authorizations, non-lease costs associated with our finance lease satellites, in-orbit incentives relating to certain satellites and commitments for satellite service arrangements.

In certain circumstances, the dates on which we are obligated to pay our contractual obligations could change.

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Satellite Anomalies and Impairments

Except as described above, we are not aware of any anomalies with respect to our owned or leased satellites or payloads that have had any significant adverse effect on their remaining useful lives, the commercial operation of the satellites or payloads or our operating results or financial position as of and for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

During the first quarter of 2023, we lost contact with our third nano-satellite (“EG-3”), which was launched in the second quarter of 2021 and brought into use our Sirion-1 ITU filing in the third quarter of 2021. As of the end of the first quarter of 2023, we have discontinued attempts to reestablish contact with EG-3, and have notified the ITU to suspend the filing. Consequently, we canceled our contract with the vendor who manufactured and operated our nano-satellites and recorded an impairment charge of $3.1 million related to EG-3 and other related assets in the first quarter of 2023 in Corporate and Other. We are not aware of any other anomalies with respect to our owned or leased satellites as of the date of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

Satellite Insurance

We generally do not carry in-orbit insurance on our satellites or payloads because we have assessed that the cost of insurance is not economical relative to the risk of failures. Therefore, we generally bear the risk of any in-orbit failures.

Pursuant to the terms of our joint venture agreement with Yahsat, we are required to maintain insurance for the Al Yah 3 Brazilian payload during the commercial in-orbit service of such payload, subject to certain limitations on coverage. The insurance policies were procured by Yahsat, in which the Company and Yahsat are the beneficiaries of any claims in proportion to their shareholdings. An insurance claim was submitted in the second quarter of 2023 for compensation with respect to the reduction in estimated useful life of the Al Yah 3 satellite.

We also have obtained certain insurance for our EchoStar XXIV satellite covering launch plus the first year of operations. We will continue to assess circumstances going forward and make insurance-related decisions on a case-by-case basis.

Fair Value of In-Orbit Incentives

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair values of our in-orbit incentive obligations approximated their carrying amounts of $47.7 million and $50.2 million, respectively.

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NOTE 6. REGULATORY AUTHORIZATIONS

The following table presents our Regulatory authorizations, net:


	Finite lived
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Total		Indefinite lived		Total
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	57,137	$	(29,088)	$	28,049	$	441,717	$	469,766
Amortization expense	—		(2,120)		(2,120)		—		(2,120)
Currency translation adjustments	(3,023)		2,026		(997)		(2,126)		(3,123)
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	54,114	$	(29,182)	$	24,932	$	439,591	$	464,523

Balance, December 31, 2022	$	55,316	$	(31,946)	$	23,370	$	439,161	$	462,531
Amortization expense	—		(2,444)		(2,444)		—		(2,444)
Currency translation adjustments	2,075		(835)		1,240		(1,017)		223
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	57,391	$	(35,225)	$	22,166	$	438,144	$	460,310

Weighted-average useful life (in years)			13

NOTE 7. OTHER INVESTMENTS

The following table presents our Other investments, net:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Other investments, net:
Equity method investments	$	47,025	$	83,523
Other equity investments	146,407		141,307
Other debt investments, net	—		131,875
Total other investments, net	$	193,432	$	356,705

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Equity Method Investments

Deluxe/EchoStar LLC

We own 50% of Deluxe/EchoStar LLC (“Deluxe”), a joint venture that we entered into in 2010 to build an advanced digital cinema satellite distribution network targeting delivery to digitally equipped theaters in the U.S. and Canada.

Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited

We own 20% of Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited (together with its subsidiaries, “BCS”), a joint venture that we entered into in 2018 to provide commercial Ka-band satellite broadband services across Africa, the Middle East and southwest Asia operating over Yahsat's Al Yah 2 and Al Yah 3 Ka-band satellites. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded an impairment charge of $33.4 million related to our investment as a result of increased competition and the economic environment for this business. We estimated the fair value of our investment by using the combination of the discounted cash flow model and market value approach.

Financial Information for Our Equity Method Investments

The following table presents revenue recognized:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Deluxe	$	1,456	$	1,335	$	2,788	$	2,658
BCS	$	827	$	1,950	$	1,649	$	3,721

The following table presents trade accounts receivable:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Deluxe	$	1,052	$	3,026
BCS	$	3,392	$	5,062

Other Equity Investments

We hold investments without readily determinable fair values in a number of equity securities that are accounted for as cost method investments, which are recorded at cost, less impairment, and adjusted for observable price changes for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. There were no adjustments made for impairments or observable price changes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

The following table presents the activity on our investments:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Gain (loss) on investments, net	$	—	$	217	$	—	$	49,888

Other Debt Investments, Net

In April, 2023, we received full repayment with proceeds of $148.4 million related to our Other debt investments, net. As such, we recorded a gain of $7.6 million in Other income (expense), net as of June 30, 2023.

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NOTE 8. LONG-TERM DEBT

The following table presents the carrying amount and fair values of our Long-term debt, net:


	Effective Interest Rate	As of
		June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Senior Secured Notes:
5 1/4% Senior Secured Notes due 2026	5.320%	$	750,000	$	701,850	$	750,000	$	727,763
Senior Unsecured Notes:
6 5/8% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026	6.688%	750,000		705,833		750,000		707,490
Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs		(2,813)		—		(3,223)		—
Total long-term debt, net		$	1,497,187	$	1,407,683	$	1,496,777	$	1,435,253

The estimated fair value of our publicly traded debt was primarily based on Level 1 inputs that use quoted market value for the debt.

NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES

Our income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment.

Our interim income tax provision and our interim estimate of our annual effective tax rate are influenced by several factors, including foreign losses and capital gains and losses for which related deferred tax assets are partially offset by a valuation allowance, changes in tax laws and relative changes in unrecognized tax benefits. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be affected by the amount of pre-tax income or loss. For example, the impact of discrete items and non-deductible expenses on our effective tax rate is greater when our pre-tax income or loss is lower.

Our income tax provision was $18.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to our income tax provision of $5.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Our effective income tax rate was 67.4% and 34.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the for the three months ended June 30, 2023 were primarily due to excluded investment impairment losses and excluded foreign losses where the Company carries a full valuation allowance. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022 were primarily due to excluded foreign losses where the Company carries a full valuation allowance and the impact of filing a US Federal amended return.

Our income tax provision was $30.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to our income tax provision of $38.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Our effective income tax rate was 45.0% and 27.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were primarily due to excluded investment impairment losses and excluded foreign losses where the Company carries a full valuation allowance. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate were primarily due to excluded foreign losses where the Company carries a full valuation allowance and the impact of state and local taxes.

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NOTE 10. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for our Class A and B common stock:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	11,157	$	13,868	$	40,198	$	105,301

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	83,770		84,317		83,553		85,077
Dilutive impact of stock awards outstanding	—		—		41		—
Diluted	83,770		84,317		83,594		85,077

Earnings (losses) per share:
Basic	$	0.13	$	0.16	$	0.48	$	1.24
Diluted	$	0.13	$	0.16	$	0.48	$	1.24

Diluted earnings per share excludes the following weighted average potential Class A common shares, as the effect would be antidilutive, as computed under the treasury stock method:


	For the three months ended June 30,		For the six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023	2022	2023	2022
Weighted-average stock options	5,619	6,491	5,673	6,491
Weighted-average restricted stock units	200	300	159	300

NOTE 11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - DISH NETWORK

Overview

EchoStar and DISH have operated as separate publicly-traded companies since 2008 (the “Spin-off”). A substantial majority of the voting power of the shares of each of EchoStar and DISH is owned beneficially by Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman, and by certain entities established for the benefit of his family.

In January 2017, we and certain of our subsidiaries entered into a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with DISH and certain of its subsidiaries pursuant to which, in February 2017, we received all of the shares of preferred tracking stock previously issued by us and one of our subsidiaries (the “Tracking Stock”), representing an 80% economic interest in the residential retail satellite broadband business of our Hughes segment, in exchange for 100% of the equity interests of certain EchoStar subsidiaries that held substantially all of our EchoStar Technologies businesses and certain other assets (collectively, the “Share Exchange”). The Tracking Stock was retired in March 2017.

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In September 2019, pursuant to a master transaction agreement (the “Master Transaction Agreement”) with DISH and a wholly-owned subsidiary of DISH (“Merger Sub”), (i) we transferred certain real property and the various businesses, products, licenses, technology, revenues, billings, operating activities, assets and liabilities primarily related to the former portion of our ESS segment that managed, marketed and provided (1) broadcast satellite services primarily to DISH Network and our former joint venture Dish Mexico, and (2) telemetry, tracking and control (“TT&C”) services for satellites owned by DISH Network and a portion of our other businesses (collectively, the “BSS Business”) to one of our former subsidiaries, EchoStar BSS Corporation (“BSS Corp.”), (ii) we distributed to each holder of shares of our Class A or Class B common stock entitled to receive consideration in the transaction an amount of shares of common stock of BSS Corp., par value $0.001 per share (“BSS Common Stock”), equal to one share of BSS Common Stock for each share of our Class A or Class B common stock owned by such stockholder (the “Distribution”); and (iii) immediately after the Distribution, (1) Merger Sub merged with and into BSS Corp. (the “Merger”), such that BSS Corp. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of DISH and with DISH then owning and operating the BSS Business, and (2) each issued and outstanding share of BSS Common Stock owned by EchoStar stockholders was converted into the right to receive 0.235 shares of DISH Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“DISH Common Stock”) ((i) - (iii) collectively, the “BSS Transaction”).

In connection with and following the Spin-off, the Share Exchange and the BSS Transaction, we and DISH Network entered into certain agreements pursuant to which we obtain certain products, services and rights from DISH Network; DISH Network obtains certain products, services and rights from us; and we and DISH Network indemnify each other against certain liabilities arising from our respective businesses. Generally, the amounts we or DISH Network pay for products and services provided under the agreements are based on cost plus a fixed margin (unless noted differently below), which varies depending on the nature of the products and services provided. We may also enter into additional agreements with DISH Network in the future.

The following is a summary of the transactions and the terms of the underlying principal agreements that have had or may have an impact on our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Services and Other Revenue — DISH Network

The following table presents our Services and other revenue - DISH Network:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Services and other revenue - DISH Network	$	6,421	$	7,492	$	12,712	$	15,449

The following table presents the related trade accounts receivable:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Trade accounts receivable - DISH Network	$	8,517	$	3,492

Satellite Capacity Leased to DISH Network. Effective January 2008, DISH Network began leasing satellite capacity from us on the EchoStar IX satellite. We terminated the provision of this satellite capacity in December 2022.

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Telesat Obligation Agreement. In September 2009, we entered into an agreement with Telesat Canada to lease satellite capacity from Telesat Canada on all 32 direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) transponders on the Nimiq 5 satellite at the 72.7 degree west longitude orbital location (the “Telesat Transponder Agreement”). In September 2009, we entered into an agreement with DISH Network, pursuant to which DISH Network leased satellite capacity from us on all 32 of the DBS transponders covered by the Telesat Transponder Agreement (the “DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement”). Under the terms of the DISH Nimiq 5 Agreement, DISH Network made certain monthly payments to us that commenced in September 2009, when the Nimiq 5 satellite was placed into service. We transferred the Telesat Transponder Agreement to DISH Network in September 2019 as part of the BSS Transaction; however, we retained certain obligations related to DISH Network’s performance under that agreement and we entered into an agreement with DISH Network whereby DISH Network compensates us for retaining such obligations.

Real Estate Leases to DISH Network. We have entered into lease agreements pursuant to which DISH Network leases certain real estate from us. The rent on a per square foot basis for each of the leases is comparable to per square foot rental rates of similar commercial property in the same geographic area at the time of the leases or subsequent amendments. Additionally, DISH Network compensates us for its portion of the taxes, insurance, utilities and/or maintenance of the premises. The terms of each of the leases are set forth below:

•100 Inverness Occupancy License Agreement — In March 2017, we and DISH Network entered into a license agreement for DISH Network to use certain of our space at 100 Inverness Terrace East, Englewood, Colorado for an initial period ending in December 2020. We and DISH Network have amended this lease over time to, among other things, extend the term through December 2023. This agreement may be terminated by either party upon 180 days’ prior notice. In connection with the BSS Transaction, we transferred to DISH Network the Englewood Satellite Operations Center located at 100 Inverness Terrace East, including any and all equipment, hardware licenses, software, processes, software licenses, furniture and technical documentation associated with the satellites transferred in the BSS Transaction.

•Meridian Lease Agreement — The lease for all of 9601 S. Meridian Blvd., Englewood, Colorado was originally for a period ending in December 2016. We and DISH Network have amended this lease over time to, among other things, extend the term through December 2023.

TerreStar Agreement. In March 2012, DISH Network completed its acquisition of substantially all the assets of TerreStar Networks Inc. (“TerreStar”). Prior to DISH Network’s acquisition of substantially all the assets of TerreStar and our completion of the Hughes Acquisition, TerreStar and HNS entered into various agreements pursuant to which we provide, among other things, warranty, operations and maintenance and hosting services for TerreStar’s ground-based communications equipment (the “TerreStar Agreements”). In December 2017, we and DISH Network amended these agreements, effective as of January 1, 2018, to reduce certain pricing terms through December 31, 2023 and to modify certain termination provisions. DISH Network generally has the right to continue to receive warranty services from us for our products on a month-to-month basis unless terminated by DISH Network upon at least 21 days’ written notice to us. DISH Network generally has the right to continue to receive operations and maintenance services from us on a quarter-to-quarter basis unless these services are terminated by DISH Network upon at least 90 days’ written notice to us. In addition, DISH Network generally may terminate any and all services for convenience subject to providing us with prior notice and/or payment of termination charges. In March 2020, we entered into an agreement with DISH Network pursuant to which we perform certain work and provide certain credits to amounts owed to us under the TerreStar Agreements in exchange for DISH Network’s granting us rights to use certain satellite capacity under the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement (as defined below). As a result, we and DISH Network amended the TerreStar Agreements to suspend our provision of warranty services to DISH Network from April 2020 through December 2020. Following the expiration of this suspension, we have recommenced providing warranty services to DISH Network. In May 2022, we and DISH Network amended the agreement for the provision of hosting services to extend the term until May 2027.

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Hughes Broadband Distribution Agreement. Effective October 2012, we and DISH Network entered into a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) pursuant to which DISH Network has the right, but not the obligation, to market, sell and distribute our Gen 4 HughesNet service. DISH Network pays us a monthly per subscriber wholesale service fee for our Gen 4 HughesNet service based upon a subscriber’s service level and based upon certain volume subscription thresholds. The Distribution Agreement also provides that DISH Network has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase certain broadband equipment from us to support the sale of the Gen 4 HughesNet service. The Distribution Agreement had an initial term of five years with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless terminated by either party with a written notice at least 180 days’ before the expiration of the then-current term. In February 2014, we and DISH Network entered into an amendment to the Distribution Agreement which, among other things, extended the initial term of the Distribution Agreement until March 2024. Upon expiration or termination of the Distribution Agreement, we and DISH Network will continue to provide our Gen 4 HughesNet service to the then-current DISH Network subscribers pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement.

DBSD North America Agreement. In March 2012, DISH Network completed its acquisition of all of the equity of DBSD North America, Inc. (“DBSD North America”). Prior to DISH Network’s acquisition of DBSD North America and our completion of the Hughes Acquisition, DBSD North America and HNS entered into various agreements pursuant to which we provide, among other things, warranty, operations and maintenance and hosting services of DBSD North America’s gateway and ground-based communications equipment. In December 2017, we and DBSD North America amended these agreements, effective as of January 1, 2018, to reduce certain pricing terms through December 31, 2023 and to modify certain termination provisions. DBSD North America has the right to continue to receive operations and maintenance services from us on a quarter-to-quarter basis, unless terminated by DBSD North America upon at least 120 days’ written notice to us. In February 2019, we further amended these agreements to provide DBSD North America with the right to continue to receive warranty services from us on a month-to-month basis until December 2023, unless terminated by DBSD North America upon at least 21 days’ written notice to us. The provision of hosting services will continue until February 2027 unless terminated by DBSD North America upon at least 180 days’ written notice to us. In addition, DBSD North America generally may terminate any and all such services for convenience, subject to providing us with prior notice and/or payment of termination charges.

Hughes Equipment and Services Agreement. In February 2019, we and DISH Network entered into an agreement pursuant to which we will sell to DISH Network our HughesNet Service and HughesNet equipment that has been modified to meet DISH Network’s internet-of-things specifications for the transfer of data to DISH Network’s network operations centers. This agreement has an initial term of five years expiring February 2024 with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless terminated by DISH Network with at least 180 days’ written notice to us or by us with at least 365 days' written notice to DISH Network.

Operating Expenses — DISH Network

The following table presents our operating expenses related to DISH Network:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating expenses - DISH Network	$	1,470	$	1,337	$	2,807	$	2,669

The following table presents the related trade accounts payable:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Trade accounts payable - DISH Network	$	839	$	669

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Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement. In connection with the Spin-off, we entered into various agreements with DISH Network including a transition services agreement, satellite procurement agreement and services agreement, all of which expired in January 2010 and were replaced by a professional services agreement (the “Professional Services Agreement”). In January 2010, we and DISH Network agreed that we continue to have the right, but not the obligation, to receive the following services from DISH Network, among others, certain of which were previously provided under a transition services agreement: information technology, travel and event coordination, internal audit, legal, accounting and tax, benefits administration, program acquisition services and other support services. Additionally, we and DISH Network agreed that DISH Network would continue to have the right, but not the obligation, to engage us to manage the process of procuring new satellite capacity for DISH Network (previously provided under a satellite procurement agreement), receive logistics, procurement and quality assurance services from us (previously provided under a services agreement) and provide other support services. In connection with the consummation of the Share Exchange, we and DISH amended and restated the Professional Services Agreement (as amended to date, the “Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement”) to provide that we and DISH Network shall have the right to receive additional services that either we or DISH Network may require as a result of the Share Exchange, including access to antennas owned by DISH Network for our use in performing TT&C services and maintenance and support services for our antennas (collectively, the “TT&C Antennas”). In September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we and DISH further amended the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement to provide that we and DISH Network shall have the right to receive additional services that either we or DISH Network may require as a result of the BSS Transaction and to remove our access to and the maintenance and support services for the TT&C Antennas. The current term of the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement is through January 1, 2024 and renews automatically for successive one-year periods thereafter, unless the agreement is terminated earlier by either party upon at least 60 days’ notice. We or DISH Network may generally terminate the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement in part with respect to any particular service it receives for any reason upon at least 30 days’ notice, unless the statement of work for particular services states otherwise. Certain services provided under the Amended and Restated Professional Services Agreement may survive the termination of the agreement.

Real Estate Leases from DISH Network. Effective March 2017, we entered into a lease with DISH Network for certain space at 530 EchoStar Drive in Cheyenne, Wyoming for an initial period ending in February 2019. In August 2018, we exercised our option to renew this lease for a one-year period ending in February 2020. In connection with the BSS Transaction, we transferred the Cheyenne Satellite Operations Center, including any equipment, software licenses, and furniture located within, to DISH Network and amended this lease to reduce the space provided to us for the Cheyenne Satellite Access Center for a period ending in September 2021. In March 2021, we exercised our option to renew this lease for a one-year period ending September 2022 and amended the lease to provide us the option to renew this lease for up to three additional years. In November 2021, we exercised our option to renew this lease for a one-year period ending September 2023.

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Collocation and Antenna Space Agreements. We and DISH Network entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network provided us with collocation space in El Paso, Texas. This agreement was for an initial period ending in July 2015, and provided us with renewal options for four consecutive three-year terms. We exercised our first renewal option for a period commencing in August 2015 and ending in July 2018, in April 2018 we exercised our second renewal option for a period ending in July 2021, and in May 2021 we exercised our third renewal option for a period ending in July 2024. In connection with the Share Exchange, effective March 2017, we also entered into certain agreements pursuant to which DISH Network provides collocation and antenna space to EchoStar through February 2022 at the following locations: Cheyenne, Wyoming; Gilbert, Arizona; New Braunfels, Texas; Monee, Illinois; Spokane, Washington; and Englewood, Colorado. In October 2019, we provided a termination notice for our New Braunfels, Texas agreement effective May 2020. In November 2020, we provided a termination notice for one of our Englewood, Colorado agreements effective May 2021. In November 2021, we exercised our right to renew the collocation agreements at Gilbert, Arizona, Cheyenne, Wyoming, Spokane, Washington, Englewood, Colorado and Monee, Illinois for a period ending in February 2025. In August 2017, we and DISH Network also entered into certain other agreements pursuant to which DISH Network provides additional collocation and antenna space to us in Monee, Illinois and Spokane, Washington through August 2022. In May 2022, we exercised our right to renew such other agreements at Monee, Illinois and Spokane, Washington through August 2025. Generally, we may renew our collocation and antenna space agreements for three-year periods by providing DISH Network with prior written notice no more than 120 days but no less than 90 days prior to the end of the then-current term. We may terminate certain of these agreements with 60 days’ prior written notice and certain other of these agreements with 180 days’ prior written notice. In September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network provided us with certain additional collocation space in Cheyenne, Wyoming for a period that ended in September 2020. The fees for the services provided under these agreements depend on the number of racks located at the location.

Also in connection with the BSS Transaction, in September 2019, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network provides us with antenna space and power in Cheyenne, Wyoming for a period of five years commencing in August 2020, with four three-year renewal terms, with prior written notice of renewal required no more than 120 days but no less than 90 days prior to the end of the then-current term. In March 2021, we entered into additional agreements pursuant to which DISH Network provides us with antenna space and power in Cheyenne, Wyoming, and the right to use an antenna and certain space in Gilbert, Arizona. Both agreements are for a period of five years with four three-year renewal terms, with prior written notice of renewal required no more than 120 days but no less than 90 days prior to the end of the then-current term.

Hughes Broadband Master Services Agreement. In conjunction with the launch of our EchoStar XIX satellite, in March 2017, we and DISH Network entered into a master service agreement (the “Hughes Broadband MSA”) pursuant to which DISH Network, among other things: (i) has the right, but not the obligation, to market, promote and solicit orders and upgrades for our Gen 5 HughesNet service and related equipment and other telecommunication services and (ii) installs Gen 5 HughesNet service equipment with respect to activations generated by DISH Network. Under the Hughes Broadband MSA, we and DISH Network make certain payments to each other relating to sales, upgrades, purchases and installation services. The current term of the Hughes Broadband MSA is through March 2024 with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms. Either party has the ability to terminate the Hughes Broadband MSA, in whole or in part, for any reason upon at least 90 days’ notice to the other party. In July 2023, the parties agreed to amend the Hughes Broadband MSA, and a relevant Statements of Work thereunder, to remove DISH Network’s fulfillment and installation obligations as a HughesNet sales agent. No money will be exchanged under the Amendment. The parties also have agreed to enter into a buy-back agreement to address the return of, and payment for, equipment valued at up to $2.2 million previously purchased by DISH Network related to its fulfillment and installation obligations. Upon expiration or termination of the Hughes Broadband MSA, we will continue to provide our Gen 5 HughesNet service to subscribers and make certain payments to DISH Network pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Hughes Broadband MSA. We incurred sales incentives and other costs under the Hughes Broadband MSA totaling $0.2 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $0.9 million and $3.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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2019 TT&C Agreement. In September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which DISH Network provides TT&C services to us for a period ending in September 2021, with the option for us to renew for a one-year period upon written notice at least 90 days prior to the initial expiration (the “2019 TT&C Agreement”). The fees for services provided under the 2019 TT&C Agreement are calculated at either: (i) a fixed fee or (ii) cost plus a fixed margin, which will vary depending on the nature of the services provided. Any party is able to terminate the 2019 TT&C Agreement for any reason upon 12 months’ notice. We have exercised our option to renew the 2019 TT&C Agreement on several occasions, and its current term expires in September 2024.

Referral Marketing Agreement. In June 2021, we and DISH Network entered into an agreement pursuant to which we will pre-qualify prospects contacting Hughes call centers and transfer those prospects to DISH Network for introduction to DISH Network’s video services, for prospects that convert Hughes will receive a commission. This agreement has an indefinite term and may be terminated by either party upon 90 days’ prior written notice.

Whidbey Island 5G Network Test Bed Subcontract. In June 2022, we and DISH Wireless entered into a subcontract (“DISH Subcontract”) pursuant to which DISH will provide access and use of a DISH lab, technical support and integration and testing support for the 5G network test bed to be delivered by Hughes to its customer.

Other Receivables - DISH Network

The following table presents our other receivables owed from DISH Network:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022

Other receivables - DISH Network, noncurrent	$	76,808	$	74,923

Tax Sharing Agreement. Effective December 2007, we and DISH Network entered into a tax sharing agreement (the “Tax Sharing Agreement”) in connection with the Spin-off. This agreement governs our and DISH Network’s respective rights, responsibilities and obligations after the Spin-off with respect to taxes for the periods ending on or before the Spin-off. Generally, all pre-Spin-off taxes, including any taxes that are incurred as a result of restructuring activities undertaken to implement the Spin-off, are borne by DISH Network and DISH Network indemnifies us for such taxes. However, DISH Network is not liable for and does not indemnify us for any taxes that are incurred as a result of the Spin-off or certain related transactions failing to qualify as tax-free distributions pursuant to any provision of Section 355 or Section 361 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), because of: (i) a direct or indirect acquisition of any of our stock, stock options or assets; (ii) any action that we take or fail to take or (iii) any action that we take that is inconsistent with the information and representations furnished to the IRS in connection with the request for the private letter ruling, or to counsel in connection with any opinion being delivered by counsel with respect to the Spin-off or certain related transactions. In such case, we will be solely liable for, and will indemnify DISH Network for any resulting taxes, as well as any losses, claims and expenses. The Tax Sharing Agreement will terminate after the later of the full period of all applicable statutes of limitations, including extensions, or once all rights and obligations are fully effectuated or performed.

In light of the Tax Sharing Agreement, among other things, and in connection with our consolidated federal income tax returns for certain tax years prior to and for the year of the Spin-off, in September 2013, we and DISH Network agreed upon a supplemental allocation of the tax benefits arising from certain tax items resolved in the course of the IRS’s examination of our consolidated tax returns. Prior to the agreement with DISH Network in 2013, the federal tax benefits were reflected as a deferred tax asset for depreciation and amortization, which was netted in our non-current deferred tax liabilities. Under the agreement with DISH Network from 2013, DISH Network is paying us the federal tax benefit it receives at such time as we would have otherwise been able to realize such tax benefit. We recorded a current receivable from DISH Network in Other receivables - DISH Network, current and a non-current receivable from DISH Network in Other receivables - DISH Network, noncurrent and a corresponding increase in our Deferred tax liabilities, net to reflect the effects of this agreement. In addition, in September 2013, we and DISH Network agreed upon a tax sharing arrangement for filing certain combined state income tax returns and a method of allocating the respective tax liabilities between us and DISH Network for such combined returns, through the taxable period ending on December 31, 2017 (the “State Tax Arrangement”).

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In August 2018, we and DISH Network amended the Tax Sharing Agreement and the 2013 agreements (the “Tax Sharing Amendment”). Under the Tax Sharing Amendment, to the extent permitted by applicable tax law, DISH Network is entitled to apply the benefit of our 2009 net operating losses (the “SATS 2009 NOLs”) to DISH Network’s federal tax return for the year ended December 31, 2008, in exchange for DISH Network paying us over time the value of the net annual federal income taxes paid by us that would have been otherwise offset by the SATS 2009 NOLs. The Tax Sharing Amendment also requires us and DISH Network to pay the other for the benefits of certain past and future federal research and development tax credits that we or DISH Network receive or received as a result of being part of a controlled group under the Code, and requires DISH Network to compensate us for certain past tax losses utilized by DISH Network and for certain past and future excess California research and development tax credits generated by us and used by DISH Network. In addition, the Tax Sharing Amendment extends the term of the State Tax Arrangement to the earlier of termination of the Tax Sharing Agreement, a change in control of either us or DISH Network or, for any particular state, if we and DISH Network no longer file a combined tax return for such state.

We and DISH Network filed combined income tax returns in certain states from 2008 through 2019. We have earned and recognized tax benefits for certain state income tax credits that we would be unable to fully utilize currently if we had filed separately from DISH Network. We have charged Additional paid-in capital in prior periods when DISH Network has utilized such tax benefits. We expect to increase Additional paid-in capital upon receipt of any consideration that DISH Network pays to us in exchange for these tax credits.

Other Agreements

Master Transaction Agreement. In May 2019, we and BSS Corp. entered into the Master Transaction Agreement with DISH and Merger Sub with respect to the BSS Transaction. Pursuant to the terms of the Master Transaction Agreement, on September 10, 2019: (i) we transferred the BSS Business to BSS Corp.; (ii) we completed the Distribution; and (iii) immediately after the Distribution, (1) BSS Corp. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of DISH such that DISH owns and operates the BSS Business and (2) each issued and outstanding share of BSS Common Stock owned by EchoStar stockholders was converted into the right to receive 0.235 shares of DISH Common Stock. Following the consummation of the BSS Transaction, we no longer operate the BSS Business, which was a substantial portion of our ESS segment. The Master Transaction Agreement contained customary representations and warranties by us and DISH Network, including our representations relating to the assets, liabilities and financial condition of the BSS Business, and representations by DISH Network relating to its financial condition and liabilities. We and DISH Network have agreed to indemnify each other against certain losses with respect to breaches of certain representations and covenants and certain retained and assumed liabilities, respectively.

BSS Transaction Intellectual Property and Technology License Agreement. Effective September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we and DISH Network entered into an intellectual property and technology license agreement (the “BSS IPTLA”) pursuant to which we and DISH Network license to each other certain intellectual property and technology. The BSS IPTLA will continue in perpetuity, unless mutually terminated by the parties. Pursuant to the BSS IPTLA, we granted to DISH Network a license to our intellectual property and technology for use by DISH Network, among other things, in connection with its continued operation of the BSS Business acquired pursuant to the BSS Transaction, including a limited license to use the “ESS” and “ECHOSTAR SATELLITE SERVICES” trademarks during a transition period. EchoStar retains full ownership of the “ESS” and “ECHOSTAR SATELLITE SERVICES” trademarks. In addition, DISH Network granted a license back to us, among other things, for the continued use of all intellectual property and technology that is used in our retained businesses but the ownership of which was transferred to DISH Network pursuant to the BSS Transaction.

BSS Transaction Tax Matters Agreement. Effective September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we, BSS Corp., and DISH entered into a tax matters agreement. This agreement governs certain of our rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to taxes of the BSS Business transferred pursuant to the BSS Transaction. Generally, we are responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the BSS Business for periods prior to the BSS Transaction and DISH is responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the BSS Business from and after the BSS Transaction. Both we and DISH made certain tax-related representations and are subject to various tax-related covenants after the consummation of the BSS Transaction. Both we and DISH Network have agreed to indemnify each other for certain losses if there is a breach of any the tax representations or violation of any of the

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tax covenants in the tax matters agreement and that breach or violation results in the failure of the BSS Transaction being treated as a transaction that is tax-free for EchoStar or its stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, DISH Network has agreed to indemnify us if the BSS Business is acquired, either directly or indirectly (e.g., via an acquisition of DISH Network), by one or more persons, where either it took an action, or knowingly facilitated, consented to or assisted with an action by its stockholders, that resulted in the failure of the BSS Transaction being treated as a transaction that is tax-free for EchoStar and its stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This tax matters agreement supplements the Tax Sharing Agreement outlined above and the Share Exchange Tax Matters Agreement outlined below, both of which continue in full force and effect.

BSS Transaction Employee Matters Agreement. Effective September 2019, in connection with the BSS Transaction, we and DISH Network entered into an employee matters agreement that addressed the transfer of employees from us to DISH Network, including certain benefit and compensation matters and the allocation of responsibility for employee related liabilities relating to current and past employees of the BSS Business. DISH Network assumed employee-related liabilities relating to the BSS Business as part of the BSS Transaction, except that we are responsible for certain pre-BSS Transaction compensation and benefits for employees who transferred to DISH Network in connection with the BSS Transaction.

Share Exchange Agreement. In February 2017 we consummated the Share Exchange, following which we no longer operate the transferred EchoStar Technologies businesses and the Tracking Stock was retired and is no longer outstanding and all agreements, arrangements and policy statements with respect to such Tracking Stock terminated and are of no further effect. Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, we transferred certain assets, investments in joint ventures, spectrum licenses and real estate properties and DISH Network assumed certain liabilities relating to the transferred assets and businesses. The Share Exchange Agreement contained customary representations and warranties by the parties, including representations by us related to the transferred assets, assumed liabilities and the financial condition of the transferred businesses. We and DISH Network also agreed to customary indemnification provisions whereby each party indemnifies the other against certain losses with respect to breaches of representations, warranties or covenants and certain liabilities and if certain actions undertaken by us or DISH causes the transaction to be taxable to the other party after closing.

Share Exchange Intellectual Property and Technology License Agreement. Effective March 2017, in connection with the Share Exchange, we and DISH Network entered into an intellectual property and technology license agreement (“IPTLA”) pursuant to which we and DISH Network license to each other certain intellectual property and technology. The IPTLA will continue in perpetuity, unless mutually terminated by the parties. Pursuant to the IPTLA, we granted to DISH Network a license to our intellectual property and technology for use by DISH Network, among other things, in connection with its continued operation of the businesses acquired pursuant to the Share Exchange, including a limited license to use the “ECHOSTAR” trademark during a transition period. EchoStar retains full ownership of the “ECHOSTAR” trademark. In addition, DISH Network granted a license back to us, among other things, for the continued use of all intellectual property and technology that is used in our retained businesses but the ownership of which was transferred to DISH Network pursuant to the Share Exchange.

Share Exchange Tax Matters Agreement. Effective March 2017, in connection with the Share Exchange, we and DISH entered into a tax matters agreement. This agreement governs certain of our rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to taxes of the transferred businesses pursuant to the Share Exchange. Generally, we are responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the transferred businesses and assets for periods prior to the Share Exchange and DISH Network is responsible for all tax returns and tax liabilities for the transferred businesses and assets from and after the Share Exchange. Both we and DISH Network made certain tax-related representations and are subject to various tax-related covenants after the consummation of the Share Exchange. Both we and DISH Network have agreed to indemnify each other if there is a breach of any such tax representation or violation of any such tax covenant and that breach or violation results in the Share Exchange not qualifying for tax free treatment for the other party. In addition, DISH Network has agreed to indemnify us if the transferred businesses are acquired, either directly or indirectly (e.g., via an acquisition of DISH Network), by one or more persons and such acquisition results in the Share Exchange not qualifying for tax free treatment. The tax matters agreement supplements the Tax Sharing Agreement outlined above which continues in full force and effect.

Share Exchange Employee Matters Agreement. Effective March 2017, in connection with the Share Exchange, we and DISH Network entered into an employee matters agreement that addressed the transfer of employees from

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us to DISH Network, including certain benefit and compensation matters and the allocation of responsibility for employee related liabilities relating to current and past employees of the transferred businesses. DISH Network assumed employee-related liabilities relating to the transferred businesses as part of the Share Exchange, except that we are responsible for certain pre-Share Exchange employee related litigation, and compensation and benefits for employees who transferred to DISH Network in connection with the Share Exchange.

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NOTE 12. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS - OTHER

Hughes Systique Corporation

We contract with Hughes Systique Corporation (“Hughes Systique”) for software development services. In addition to our approximately 42% ownership in Hughes Systique, Mr. Pradman Kaul, the former President of our subsidiary Hughes Communications and Vice-Chair of our board of directors (effective January 1, 2023), and his brother, who is the Chief Executive Officer and President of Hughes Systique, own in the aggregate approximately 25%, on an undiluted basis, of Hughes Systique’s outstanding shares as of June 30, 2023. Furthermore, Mr. Pradman Kaul serves on the board of directors of Hughes Systique. Hughes Systique is a variable interest entity and we are considered the primary beneficiary of Hughes Systique due to, among other factors, our ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Hughes Systique. As a result, we consolidate Hughes Systique’s financial statements in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

TerreStar Solutions

DISH Network owns more than 15% of TerreStar Solutions, Inc. (“TSI”). In May 2018, we and TSI entered into an equipment and services agreement pursuant to which we design, manufacture and install upgraded ground communications network equipment for TSI’s network and provide, among other things, warranty and support services. We recognized revenue from TSI of $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $0.9 million, and $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. As of June 30, 2023 we had $0.5 million of trade accounts receivable from TSI.

NOTE 13. CONTINGENCIES

Patents and Intellectual Property

Many entities, including some of our competitors, have, or may have in the future, patents and other intellectual property rights that cover or affect products or services directly or indirectly related to those that we offer. We may not be aware of all patents and other intellectual property rights that our products and services may potentially infringe. Damages in patent infringement cases can be substantial, and in certain circumstances can be tripled. Further, we cannot estimate the extent to which we may be required in the future to obtain licenses with respect to intellectual property rights held by others and the availability and cost of any such licenses. Various parties have asserted patent and other intellectual property rights with respect to our products and services. We cannot be certain that these parties do not own the rights they claim, that these rights are not valid or that our products and services do not infringe on these rights. Further, we cannot be certain that we would be able to obtain licenses from these parties on commercially reasonable terms or, if we were unable to obtain such licenses, that we would be able to redesign our products and services to avoid infringement.

Certain Arrangements with DISH Network

In connection with our spin-off from DISH in 2008, we entered into a separation agreement with DISH Network that provides, among other things, for the division of certain liabilities, including liabilities resulting from litigation. Under the terms of the separation agreement, we assumed certain liabilities that relate to our business, including certain designated liabilities for acts or omissions that occurred prior to the Spin-off. Certain specific provisions govern intellectual property related claims under which we will generally only be liable for our acts or omissions following the Spin-off and DISH Network will indemnify us for any liabilities or damages resulting from intellectual property claims relating to the period prior to the Spin-off as well as DISH Network’s acts or omissions following the Spin-off. In connection with the Share Exchange and BSS Transaction, we entered into the Share Exchange Agreement and the Master Transaction Agreement, respectively, and other agreements which provide, among other things, for the division of certain liabilities, including liabilities relating to taxes, intellectual property and employees and liabilities resulting from litigation and the assumption of certain liabilities that relate to the transferred businesses and assets. These agreements also contain additional indemnification provisions between us and DISH Network for, in the case of the Share Exchange, certain pre-existing liabilities and legal proceedings and, in the case of the BSS Transaction, certain losses with respect to breaches of certain representations and covenants and certain liabilities.

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Litigation

We are involved in a number of legal proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business activities. Many of these proceedings are at preliminary stages and/or seek an indeterminate amount of damages. We regularly evaluate the status of the legal proceedings in which we are involved to assess whether a loss is probable and to determine if accruals are appropriate. We record an accrual for litigation and other loss contingencies when we determine that a loss is probable, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If accruals are not appropriate, we further evaluate each legal proceeding to assess whether an estimate of possible loss or range of loss can be made. There can be no assurance that legal proceedings against us will be resolved in amounts that will not differ from the amounts of our recorded accruals. Legal fees and other costs of defending legal proceedings are charged to selling, general and administrative expense as incurred.

For certain proceedings, management is unable to predict with any degree of certainty the outcome or provide a meaningful estimate of the possible loss or range of possible loss because, among other reasons: (i) the proceedings are in various stages; (ii) damages have not been sought or specified; (iii) damages are unsupported, indeterminate and/or exaggerated in management’s opinion; (iv) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending trials, appeals, motions or other proceedings; (v) there are significant factual issues to be resolved; and/or (vi) there are novel legal issues or unsettled legal theories to be presented or a large number of parties are involved (as with many patent-related cases). Except as described below, however, management does not believe, based on currently available information, that the outcomes of these proceedings will have a material effect on our financial condition, operating results or cash flows, though there is no assurance that the resolution and outcomes of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will not be material to our financial condition, operating results or cash flows for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

We intend to vigorously defend the proceedings against us. In the event that a court, tribunal, other body or jury ultimately rules against us, we may be subject to adverse consequences, including, without limitation, substantial damages, which may include treble damages, fines, penalties, compensatory damages and/or other equitable or injunctive relief that could require us to materially modify our business operations or certain products or services that we offer to our consumers.

License Fee Dispute with Government of India, Department of Telecommunications

In 1994, the Government of India promulgated a “National Telecommunications Policy” under which the government liberalized the telecommunications sector and required telecommunications service providers to pay fixed license fees. Pursuant to this policy, our subsidiary Hughes Communications India Private Limited (“HCIPL”), formerly known as Hughes Escorts Communications Limited, obtained a license to operate a data network over satellite using VSAT systems. In 2002, HCIPL’s license was amended pursuant to a new government policy that was first established in 1999. The new policy eliminated the fixed license fees and instead required each telecommunications service provider to pay license fees based on its adjusted gross revenue (“AGR”). In March 2005, the Indian Department of Telecommunications (“DOT”) notified HCIPL that, based on its review of HCIPL’s audited accounts and AGR statements, HCIPL must pay additional license fees and penalties and interest on such fees and penalties. HCIPL responded that the DOT had improperly calculated its AGR by including revenue from licensed and unlicensed activities. The DOT rejected this explanation and in 2006, HCIPL filed a petition with an administrative tribunal (the “Tribunal”), challenging the DOT’s calculation of its AGR. The DOT also issued license fee assessments to other telecommunications service providers and a number of similar petitions were filed by several other such providers with the Tribunal. These petitions were amended, consolidated, remanded and re-appealed several times. On April 23, 2015, the Tribunal issued a judgment affirming the DOT’s calculation of AGR for the telecommunications service providers but reversing the DOT’s imposition of interest, penalties and interest on such penalties as excessive. Over subsequent years, the DOT and HCIPL and other telecommunications service providers, respectively, filed several appeals of the Tribunal’s ruling. On October 24, 2019, the Supreme Court of India (“Supreme Court”) issued an order (the “October 2019 Order”) affirming the license fee assessments imposed by the DOT, including its imposition of interest, penalties and interest on the penalties, but without indicating the amount HCIPL is required to pay the DOT, and ordering payment by January 23, 2020. On November 23, 2019, HCIPL and other telecommunication service providers filed a petition asking the Supreme Court to reconsider the October 2019 Order. The petition was denied on January 20, 2020. On January 22, 2020, HCIPL and other telecommunication service providers filed an application requesting that the Supreme Court modify the October

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2019 Order to permit the DOT to calculate the final amount due and extend HCIPL’s and the other telecommunication service providers’ payment deadline. On February 14, 2020, the Supreme Court directed HCIPL and the other telecommunication service providers to explain why the Supreme Court should not initiate contempt proceedings for failure to pay the amounts due. During a hearing on March 18, 2020, the Supreme Court ordered that all amounts that were due before the October 2019 Order must be paid, including interest, penalties and interest on the penalties. The Supreme Court also ordered that the parties appear for a further hearing addressing, potentially among other things, a proposal by the DOT to allow for extended or deferred payments of amounts due. On June 11, 2020, the Supreme Court ordered HCIPL and the other telecommunication service providers to submit affidavits addressing the proposal made by the DOT to extend the time frame for payment of the amounts owed and for HCIPL and the other telecommunication providers to provide security for such payments. On September 1, 2020, the Supreme Court issued a judgment permitting a 10-year payment schedule. Under this payment schedule, HCIPL is required to make an annual payment every March 31, through 2031. Following the Supreme Court of India’s October 2019 judgment, HCIPL made payments during the first quarter of 2020, and additional payments on each March 31 thereafter.

Pursuant to the Contribution and Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated December 3, 2004 between The DirecTV Group, Inc. ("DirecTV") and certain other entities relating to the spinoff by DirecTV of certain of its subsidiaries, including HCIPL, DirecTV undertook indemnification obligations to HCIPL, and HCIPL has pursued indemnification claims against DirecTV under the Purchase Agreement in connection with the license fees assessed in this proceeding.

On June 22, 2023, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that, under the Purchase Agreement, HCIPL, is entitled to indemnification from DirecTV, with the amount of indemnification to be determined in further proceedings before the district court in New York.

The following table presents the components of the accrual:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Additional license fees	$	3,457	$	3,425
Penalties	3,548		3,516
Interest and interest on penalties	81,510		78,327
Less: Payments	(28,234)		(17,785)
Total accrual	60,281		67,483
Less: Current portion	10,285		10,191
Total long-term accrual	$	49,996	$	57,292

Any eventual payments made with respect to the ultimate outcome of this matter may be different from our accrual and such differences could be significant.

Other

In addition to the above actions, we are subject to various other legal proceedings and claims, which arise in the ordinary course of business. As part of our ongoing operations, we are subject to various inspections, audits, inquiries, investigations and similar actions by third parties, as well as by governmental/regulatory authorities responsible for enforcing the laws and regulations to which we may be subject. Further, under the federal False Claims Act, private parties have the right to bring qui tam, or “whistleblower,” suits against companies that submit false claims for payments to, or improperly retain overpayments from, the federal government. Some states have adopted similar state whistleblower and false claims provisions. In addition, we from time to time receive inquiries from federal, state and foreign agencies regarding compliance with various laws and regulations.

In our opinion, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to any of these other actions is unlikely to materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows, though the resolutions and outcomes, individually or in the

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aggregate, could be material to our financial position, operating results or cash flows for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.

We also indemnify our directors, officers and employees for certain liabilities that might arise from the performance of their responsibilities for us. Additionally, in the normal course of its business, we enter into contracts pursuant to which we may make a variety of representations and warranties and indemnify the counterparty for certain losses. Our possible exposure under these arrangements cannot be reasonably estimated as this involves the resolution of claims made, or future claims that may be made, against us or our officers, directors or employees, the outcomes of which are unknown and not currently predictable or estimable.

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NOTE 14. SEGMENT REPORTING

Business segments are components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and regularly evaluated by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who is our Chief Executive Officer. We operate in two business segments, Hughes segment and ESS segment.

The primary measure of segment profitability that is reported regularly to our CODM is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests (“EBITDA”).

Total assets by segment have not been reported herein because the information is not provided to our CODM on a regular basis.

The following table presents total revenue, capital expenditures and EBITDA for each of our business segments:


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the three months ended June 30, 2023
External revenue	$	444,335	$	5,578	$	3,196	$	453,109
Intersegment revenue	—		542		(542)		—
Total revenue	$	444,335	$	6,120	$	2,654	$	453,109

Capital expenditures	$	43,950	$	—	$	5,066	$	49,016
EBITDA	$	140,997	$	4,562	$	(20,327)	$	125,232

For the three months ended June 30, 2022
External revenue	$	491,841	$	4,502	$	2,973	$	499,316
Intersegment revenue	—		348		(348)		—
Total revenue	$	491,841	$	4,850	$	2,625	$	499,316

Capital expenditures	$	64,861	$	—	$	10,918	$	75,779
EBITDA	$	179,928	$	3,521	$	(42,401)	$	141,048

For the six months ended June 30, 2023
External revenue	$	875,530	$	11,067	$	6,109	$	892,706
Intersegment revenue	—		1,050		(1,050)		—
Total revenue	$	875,530	$	12,117	$	5,059	$	892,706

Capital expenditures	$	90,975	$	—	$	2,112	$	93,087
EBITDA	$	298,231	$	9,217	$	(54,167)	$	253,281

For the six months ended June 30, 2022
External revenue	$	985,947	$	8,778	$	6,125	$	1,000,850
Intersegment revenue	—		546		(546)		—
Total revenue	$	985,947	$	9,324	$	5,579	$	1,000,850

Capital expenditures	$	125,882	$	—	$	62,035	$	187,917
EBITDA	$	371,098	$	6,212	$	16,940	$	394,250

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The following table reconciles Income (loss) before income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Operations to EBITDA:


	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	27,858	$	15,863	$	67,138	$	137,590
Interest income, net	(23,526)		(9,072)		(52,122)		(15,494)
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	13,240		14,307		26,526		29,280
Depreciation and amortization	105,588		116,555		208,446		236,991
Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	2,072		3,395		3,293		5,883
EBITDA	$	125,232	$	141,048	$	253,281	$	394,250

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NOTE 15. SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Other Current Assets, Net and Other Non-current Assets, Net

The following table presents the components of Other current assets, net and Other non-current assets, net:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Other current assets, net:
Inventory	$	151,508	$	123,606
Prepaids and deposits	68,741		61,877
Trade accounts receivable - DISH Network	8,517		3,492

Other, net	15,581		21,471
Total other current assets	$	244,347	$	210,446

Other non-current assets, net:
Capitalized software, net	$	117,645	$	116,841
Contract acquisition costs, net	56,919		64,447
Other receivables - DISH Network	76,808		74,923
Other receivables, net	24,854		15,072
Restricted marketable investment securities	11,455		11,056
Deferred tax assets, net	8,768		8,011
Restricted cash	1,373		1,342
Contract fulfillment costs, net	1,858		1,931
Other, net	26,538		23,439
Total other non-current assets, net	$	326,218	$	317,062

Inventory

The following table presents the components of inventory:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	39,905	$	32,920
Work-in-process	17,925		16,408
Finished goods	93,678		74,278
Total inventory	$	151,508	$	123,606

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Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities and Other Non-Current Liabilities

The following table presents the components of Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other non-current liabilities:


	As of
	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities:
Accrued compensation	$	49,144	$	56,337
Operating lease obligation	17,717		17,854
Accrued interest	38,277		39,245
Accrued taxes	14,094		12,603
Accrual for license fee dispute	10,285		10,191
In-orbit incentive obligations	4,536		5,369
Trade accounts payable - DISH Network	839		669
Accrued expenses	43,553		39,875
Other	20,641		17,710
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	199,086	$	199,853

Other non-current liabilities:
Accrual for license fee dispute	$	49,996	$	57,292
In-orbit incentive obligations	43,209		44,836
Contract liabilities	6,738		8,326
Other	9,356		9,333
Total other non-current liabilities	$	109,299	$	119,787

Supplemental and Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities

The following table presents the year-to-date supplemental and non-cash investing and financing activities:


	For the six months ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	27,685	$	32,842
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$	19,009	$	23,962

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Employee benefits paid in Class A common stock	$	5,421	$	7,042
Increase (decrease) in capital expenditures included in accounts payable, net	$	(5,980)	$	(9,910)
Non-cash net assets received as part of the India JV formation	$	—	$	36,701

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NOTE 16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On July 28, 2023, the Company successfully launched EchoStar XXIV, our next generation ultra high density satellite. The satellite is expected to begin service in the fourth quarter of 2023. Once in service, the satellite is expected to bring further consumer broadband capacity across North and South America and catalyze sales in other markets, including in-flight Wi-Fi, enterprise networking and cellular backhaul for mobile network operators across the two continents. Until the satellite reaches its orbital position and completes in-orbit testing, we cannot reasonably estimate the impact the satellite will have to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

On August 8, 2023, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with DISH Network Corporation, a Nevada corporation, and Eagle Sub Corp, a Nevada corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of DISH (“Merger Sub”). The Merger Agreement provides, among other things, that subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into EchoStar (the “Merger”), with EchoStar surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of DISH.

On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the “Effective Time”), each share of EchoStar Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“EchoStar Class A Common Stock”), EchoStar Class C Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“EchoStar Class C Common Stock”) and EchoStar Class D Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“EchoStar Class D Common Stock”), outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, will be converted into the right to receive a number of validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of DISH Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“DISH Class A Common Stock”), equal to 2.85 (the “Exchange Ratio”). On the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time of the Merger, each share of EchoStar Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“EchoStar Class B Common Stock”), outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be converted into the right to receive a number of validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of DISH Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “DISH Class B Common Stock” and, together with the DISH Class A Common Stock, the “DISH Common Stock”), equal to the Exchange Ratio. Any shares of EchoStar Class A Common Stock, EchoStar Class B Common Stock, EchoStar Class C Common Stock and EchoStar Class D Common Stock (collectively, “EchoStar Common Stock”) that are held in EchoStar’s treasury or held directly by DISH or Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time will be cancelled and cease to exist and no consideration shall be paid or payable in respect thereof.

Concurrently with the entry into the Merger Agreement, Charles W. Ergen and Ergen family stockholders entered into a support agreement with the Company and DISH, pursuant to which the Ergen stockholders agreed to convert a number of shares of EchoStar Class B Common Stock owned by them to EchoStar Class A Common Stock prior to the Effective Time (which number will be determined in accordance with the Merger Agreement) such that the Ergen stockholders’ voting power of DISH does not increase as a result of the Merger from the voting power owned by them as of the date of the entry into the Merger Agreement. The parties have agreed to enter into a registration rights agreement reasonably acceptable to the parties providing for the registration of the Ergen stockholders’ shares of DISH Class A Common Stock or DISH Class B Common Stock received as part of the Merger consideration and/or DISH Class B Common Stock held by such stockholders immediately prior to the closing of the Merger.

The board of directors of the Company (the “Board”), acting upon the unanimous recommendation of a special transaction committee of independent directors of the Board, has unanimously approved, adopted and declared advisable the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The closing of the Merger is expected to occur in the fourth calendar quarter of 2023, subject to the satisfaction of certain regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. The Merger Agreement provides certain termination rights for each of DISH and the Company, including, among others, if the consummation of the Merger does not occur on or before February 8, 2024.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “we,” “us,” “EchoStar,” the “Company” and “our” refer to EchoStar Corporation and its subsidiaries. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of our Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“Management’s Discussion and Analysis”) should be read in conjunction with our accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto (“Consolidated Financial Statements”) in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”). This Management’s Discussion and Analysis is intended to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in our financial condition and our results of operations. Many of the statements in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis are forward-looking statements that involve assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties that are often difficult to predict and beyond our control. Actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Refer to the Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements in this Form 10-Q for further discussion. For a discussion of additional risks, uncertainties and other factors that could impact our results of operations or financial condition, refer to the Risk Factors in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Further, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q and we undertake no obligation to update them.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Overview

We currently operate in two business segments: our Hughes segment and our EchoStar Satellite Services segment (“ESS segment”). Our operations include various corporate functions that have not been assigned to our business segments. These activities, costs and income, as well as eliminations of intersegment transactions, are accounted for in Corporate and Other.

All amounts presented in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis are expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise noted.

On August 8, 2023, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with DISH Network Corporation, a Nevada corporation (“DISH”), and Eagle Sub Corp, a Nevada corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of DISH (“Merger Sub”). The Merger Agreement provides, among other things, that subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into EchoStar (the “Merger”), with EchoStar surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of DISH.

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vote, or cause or direct to be voted, the shares of DISH Class A Common Stock owned by them, other than with respect of any matter presented to the holders of DISH Class A Common Stock on which holders of DISH Class B Common Stock are not entitled to vote, for three years following the closing of the Merger, such that the Ergen stockholders’ voting power of DISH does not increase as a result of the Merger from the voting power owned by them as of the date of the entry into the Merger Agreement. The parties have agreed to enter into a registration rights agreement reasonably acceptable to the parties providing for the registration of the Ergen stockholders’ shares of DISH Class A Common Stock or DISH Class B Common Stock received as part of the Merger consideration and/or DISH Class B Common Stock held by such stockholders immediately prior to the closing of the Merger.

Hughes Segment

Our Hughes segment is an industry leader in both networking technologies and services, innovating to deliver the global solutions that power a connected future for people, enterprises and things everywhere. We offer broadband satellite technologies and broadband internet products and services to consumer customers. We offer broadband network technologies, managed services, equipment, hardware, satellite services and communications solutions to government and enterprise customers.

Anticipating the launch of EchoStar XXIV, as discussed below, our consumer business, marketed under the HughesNet® brand, has been focused on optimizing financial returns of our existing satellites, while planning for new satellite capacity. Our consumer revenue growth depends on our success in adding new and retaining existing subscribers, as well as increasing our Average Revenue Per User/Subscriber (“ARPU”). Service and acquisition costs related to ongoing support for our direct and indirect customers and partners are typically impacted most significantly by our growth. We expect that our enterprise business will also benefit from the new capacity added with EchoStar XXIV. The growth of our enterprise and consumer businesses relies heavily on global economic conditions and the competitive landscape for pricing relative to competitors and alternative technologies. Prior to the launch of EchoStar XXIV, we were nearing or had reached capacity in most areas of the U.S., which constrained growth within our consumer subscriber base. Growth within our Latin America consumer subscriber base in certain areas had also become capacity constrained. These constraints are expected to be addressed by the launch of the EchoStar XXIV satellite.

The EchoStar XXIV satellite was launched in July 2023 and is expected to begin service in the fourth quarter of 2023. Once in service, the satellite is expected to bring further consumer broadband capacity across North and South America and generate additional sales in other markets, including in-flight Wi-Fi, enterprise networking and cellular backhaul for mobile network operators across the two continents.

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Our broadband subscribers include customers that subscribe to our HughesNet services in the U.S. and Latin America through retail, wholesale and small/medium enterprise service channels.

The following table presents our approximate number of broadband subscribers:


	As of
	June 30, 2023	March 31, 2023
United States	846,000	890,000
Latin America	276,000	287,000
Total broadband subscribers	1,122,000	1,177,000

The following table presents the approximate number of net subscriber decreases:


	For the three months ended
	June 30, 2023	March 31, 2023
United States	(44,000)	(41,000)
Latin America	(11,000)	(10,000)
Total net subscriber decreases	(55,000)	(51,000)

Our ability to gain new customers and retain existing customers in the U.S. is being impacted by our capacity limitations, competitive pressure from satellite-based competitors and other technologies, and increased bandwidth usage on average by our existing customers. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, these factors resulted in lower total subscribers as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Our ability to gain new customers and retain existing customers in Latin America were tempered by our focus on more profitable consumer segments and our allocation of capacity to enterprise opportunities. Capacity constraints in certain other areas also limit our ability to add new subscribers. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the decline in net subscribers was primarily due to more selective customer screening as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023.

We continued to execute our strategy of maximizing financial returns by utilizing capacity for higher economic value enterprise and government applications in Latin America. Continued success of this strategy will further reduce the available capacity for consumers.

As of June 30, 2023, our Hughes segment had $1.5 billion of contracted revenue backlog, which was primarily flat compared to December 31, 2022. We define Hughes segment contracted revenue backlog as our expected future revenue under enterprise customer contracts that are non-cancelable, including lease revenue.

To date, we have not experienced a material adverse impact from the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the associated sanctions.

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ESS Segment

Our ESS segment provides satellite services on a full-time and/or occasional-use basis to U.S. government service providers, internet service providers, broadcast news organizations, content providers and private enterprise customers. We operate our ESS business using primarily the EchoStar IX satellite and the EchoStar 105/SES-11 satellite and related infrastructure. Revenue in our ESS segment depends largely on our ability to make continuous use of our available satellite capacity on behalf of existing customers and our ability to enter into commercial relationships with new customers. During the first quarter of 2023, we transitioned the EchoStar IX satellite into inclined operations to extend its usable life for our customers. With this inclined mode of operation, we are expecting to extend the life of the spacecraft into 2024 without diminishing its capacity.

As of June 30, 2023, our ESS segment had $14.6 million of contracted revenue backlog, a decrease of 34.6%, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to the recognition of revenue of existing contracts. We define contracted revenue backlog for our ESS segment as contracted future satellite lease revenue.

Satellite Anomalies and Impairments

During the first quarter of 2023, we lost contact with our third nano-satellite (“EG-3”), which was launched in the second quarter of 2021 and brought into use through our Sirion-1 ITU filing in the third quarter of 2021. Consequently, we canceled our contract with the vendor who manufactured and operated our nano-satellites and recorded an impairment charge of $3.1 million related to EG-3 and other related assets in the first quarter of 2023 in Corporate and Other. As a result, the ITU has suspended the filing, and we have three years from the date of suspension to place a new S-band spacecraft at the altitude prescribed in our Australian ITU filing. We expect the first group of S-band satellites ordered from our supplier, Astro Digital, to be launched well in advance of the three-year replacement deadline.

In the second quarter of 2023, we reduced the estimated useful life of the Al Yah 3 satellite, which serves our Brazilian customers, as a result of certain technical anomalies. In order to safeguard the future operability of the satellite, the Company has, in conjunction with recommendations from the satellite manufacturers, implemented immediate and long-term remedial actions. A revised estimate of the satellite’s remaining lifetime has been calculated using operational data of two previous quarters. Although the anomalies are expected to shorten the remaining useful life of the satellite, they have not affected its current operation.

We are not aware of any other anomalies with respect to our owned or leased satellites as of June 30, 2023. There can be no assurance, however, that undetected existing or future anomalies will not have a significant adverse effect on our operations or revenue in the future. In addition, there can be no assurance that we can recover critical transmission capacity in the event one or more of our satellites were to fail.

Cybersecurity

We are not aware of cyber-incidents with respect to our owned or leased satellites or other networks, equipment or systems that have had a material adverse effect on our business, costs, operations, prospects, results of operation or financial position during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and through August 8, 2023. There can be no assurance, however, that any such incident can be detected or thwarted or will not have such a material adverse effect in the future.

EXPLANATION OF KEY METRICS AND OTHER ITEMS

Services and other revenue. Services and other revenue primarily includes the sales of consumer and enterprise broadband services, maintenance and other contracted services, revenue associated with satellite and transponder leases and services, satellite uplinking/downlinking, subscriber wholesale service fees for the HughesNet service, professional services, and facilities rental revenue.

Equipment revenue. Equipment revenue primarily includes broadband equipment and networks sold to customers in our consumer and enterprise markets.

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Cost of sales - services and other. Cost of sales - services and other primarily includes the cost of broadband services provided to our consumer and enterprise customers, maintenance and other contracted services, costs associated with satellite and transponder leases and services, professional services, and facilities rental expenses.

Cost of sales - equipment. Cost of sales - equipment consists primarily of the cost of broadband equipment and networks provided to customers in our consumer and enterprise markets. It also includes certain other costs associated with the deployment of equipment to our customers.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily include selling and marketing costs and employee-related costs associated with administrative services (e.g., information systems, human resources and other services), including bad debt expense and stock-based compensation expense. It also includes professional fees (e.g., legal, information systems and accounting services) and other expenses associated with facilities and administrative services.

Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses primarily include costs associated with the design and development of products to support future growth and provide new technology and innovation to our customers.

Impairment of long-lived assets. Impairment of long-lived assets includes our impairment losses related to our property and equipment, regulatory authorizations and other intangible assets.

Interest income, net. Interest income, net primarily includes interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities, and other investments including premium amortization, discount accretion on debt securities, and changes in allowance for estimated credit losses on investments.

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized. Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized primarily includes interest expense associated with our debt and finance lease obligations (net of capitalized interest), amortization of debt issuance costs, and interest expense related to certain legal proceedings.

Gains (losses) on investments, net. Gains (losses) on investments, net primarily includes changes in fair value of our marketable equity securities and other investments for which we have elected the fair value option. It may also include realized gains and losses on the sale or exchange of our available-for-sale debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment losses on our available-for-sale securities, realized gains and losses on the sale or exchange of equity securities and debt securities without readily determinable fair value, and adjustments to the carrying amount of investments in unconsolidated affiliates and marketable equity securities resulting from impairments and observable price changes.

Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net. Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net includes earnings or losses from our investments accounted for using the equity method.

Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments. Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments primarily includes impairment charges for losses on our equity method investments which were deemed permanent in nature.

Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net include gains and losses resulting from the re-measurement of transactions denominated in foreign currencies.

Other, net. Other, net primarily includes dividends received from our marketable investment securities, gains from repayment of other debt investments, and other non-operating income and expense items that are not appropriately classified elsewhere in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). EBITDA is defined as Net income (loss) excluding Interest income and expense, net, Income tax benefit (provision), net, Depreciation and amortization, and Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests. EBITDA is not a measure determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP measure is reconciled to Net income (loss) in our discussion of Results of Operations section below. EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating income, net income or any other measure determined in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA is used by our management as a measure of operating efficiency and overall financial performance for benchmarking against our peers and competitors. Management believes EBITDA provides meaningful supplemental information regarding the underlying operating performance of our business and is appropriate to enhance an overall understanding of our financial performance. Management also believes that EBITDA is useful to investors because it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate the performance of companies in our industry.

Subscribers. Subscribers include customers that subscribe to our HughesNet service, through retail, wholesale and small/medium enterprise service channels.

Highlights from our Financial Results

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023:

• Revenue of $453.1 million

•Operating income of $44.4 million

•Net income of $9.1 million

•Net income attributable to EchoStar common stock of $11.2 million and basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock of $0.13

•EBITDA of $125.2 million (see reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure in Results of Operations)

Consolidated Financial Condition as of June 30, 2023:

•Total assets of $6.2 billion

•Total liabilities of $2.5 billion

•Total stockholders’ equity of $3.7 billion

•Cash and cash equivalents and marketable investment securities of $1.9 billion

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022

The following table presents our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022:


	For the three months ended June 30,						Variance
Statements of Operations Data (1)	2023			2022			Amount		%
Revenue:
Services and other revenue	$	371,510		$	414,697		$	(43,187)	(10.4)
Equipment revenue	81,599			84,619			(3,020)		(3.6)
Total revenue	453,109			499,316			(46,207)		(9.3)
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales - services and other	132,724			144,235			(11,511)		(8.0)
% of total services and other revenue	35.7		%	34.8		%
Cost of sales - equipment	56,162			70,054			(13,892)		(19.8)
% of total equipment revenue	68.8		%	82.8		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	107,420			113,091			(5,671)		(5.0)
% of total revenue	23.7		%	22.6		%
Research and development expenses	6,842			8,764			(1,922)		(21.9)
% of total revenue	1.5		%	1.8		%
Depreciation and amortization	105,588			116,555			(10,967)		(9.4)
Impairment of long-lived assets	—			711			(711)		(100.0)
Total costs and expenses	408,736			453,410			(44,674)		(9.9)
Operating income (loss)	44,373			45,906			(1,533)		(3.3)
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	23,526			9,072			14,454		*
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	(13,240)			(14,307)			1,067		(7.5)
Gains (losses) on investments, net	(5,485)			(22,538)			17,053		(75.7)
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(546)			(1,301)			755		(58.0)
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	(33,400)			—			(33,400)		*
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	3,258			(3,642)			6,900		*
Other, net	9,372			2,673			6,699		*
Total other income (expense), net	(16,515)			(30,043)			13,528		(45.0)
Income (loss) before income taxes	27,858			15,863			11,995		75.6
Income tax benefit (provision), net	(18,773)			(5,390)			(13,383)		*
Net income (loss)	9,085			10,473			(1,388)		(13.3)
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	2,072			3,395			(1,323)		(39.0)
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	11,157		$	13,868		$	(2,711)	(19.5)

Other data:
EBITDA (2)	$	125,232		$	141,048		$	(15,816)	(11.2)
Subscribers, end of period	1,122,000			1,346,000			(224,000)		(16.6)

* Percentage is not meaningful.

(1) An explanation of our key metrics is included in Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items.

(2) A reconciliation of EBITDA to Net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure in our Consolidated Financial Statements, is included in Results of Operations. For further information on our use of EBITDA, see Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items.

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The following discussion relates to our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022:

Services and other revenue. Services and other revenue totaled $371.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $43.2 million, or 10.4%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to our Hughes segment related to lower sales of broadband services to our consumer customers of $43.8 million.

Equipment revenue. Equipment revenue totaled $81.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $3.0 million, or 3.6%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in hardware sales to our international enterprise customers of $13.0 million, partially offset by an increase of $5.5 million in sales to our mobile satellite system customers and a net increase of $5.0 million related to our North American customers due to lower hardware sales and positive adjustments on profit margin on long-term contracts.

Cost of sales - services and other. Cost of sales - services and other totaled $132.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $11.5 million, or 8.0%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower sales of broadband services and corresponding decreases in cost of services provided to our consumer and enterprise customers of $11.9 million, mainly related to service delivery expenses, such as space segment, customer care and field maintenance.

Cost of sales - equipment. Cost of sales - equipment totaled $56.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $13.9 million, or 19.8%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the corresponding decrease in equipment revenue, partially offset by an increase in our warranty reserve.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $107.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $5.7 million, or 5.0%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in sales and marketing expenses of $7.3 million, partially offset by increases in general and administrative expenses.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses totaled $105.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $11.0 million, or 9.4%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in other property and equipment depreciation expense of $11.9 million.

Interest income, net. Interest income, net totaled $23.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $14.5 million, as compared to 2022, primarily attributable to increases in the yield on our marketable investment securities and an increase in our marketable investment securities average balance.

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized. Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized totaled $13.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 7.5%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to an increase of $0.7 million in capitalized interest relating to the EchoStar XXIV satellite program.

Gains (losses) on investments, net. Gains (losses) on investments, net totaled $5.5 million in losses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to $22.5 million in losses for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The positive change of $17.1 million was related to net decreased losses on marketable investment securities.

Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net totaled $3.3 million in gains for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $3.6 million in losses for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The positive change of $6.9 million was attributable to the net impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations of certain foreign currencies in Latin and Central America.

Other, net. Other, net totaled $9.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $2.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to a recognized gain on the repayment of an other debt investment in April 2023.

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Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments. Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments was $33.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, related to the impairment of our investment in Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited (BCS) as the result of increased competition and the economic environment for this business.

Income tax benefit (provision), net. Income tax benefit (provision), net was $18.8 million provision for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $5.4 million provision for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Our effective income tax rate was 67.4% and 34.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended June 30, 2023 were primarily due to excluded investment impairment losses and excluded foreign losses where the company carries a full valuation allowance. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022 were primarily due to excluded foreign losses where the Company carries a full valuation allowance and the impact of filing a US Federal amended return.

Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock. The following table reconciles the change in Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock:


	Amounts
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the three months ended June 30, 2022	$	13,868
Decrease (increase) in gains (losses) on investments, net	17,053
Increase (decrease) in interest income, net	14,454
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	6,900
Increase (decrease) in other, net	6,699
Decrease (increase) in interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	1,067
Decrease (increase) in equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	755
Increase (decrease) in net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest	(1,323)
Increase (decrease) in operating income (loss), including depreciation and amortization	(1,533)
Decrease (increase) in income tax benefit (provision), net	(13,383)
Decrease (increase) in other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	(33,400)
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the three months ended June 30, 2023	$	11,157

EBITDA. EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and is described under Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items section. The following table reconciles EBITDA to Net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure in our Consolidated Financial Statements:


	For the three months ended June 30,				Variance
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net income (loss)	$	9,085	$	10,473	$	(1,388)	(13.3)
Interest income, net	(23,526)		(9,072)		(14,454)		*
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	13,240		14,307		(1,067)		(7.5)
Income tax provision (benefit), net	18,773		5,390		13,383		*
Depreciation and amortization	105,588		116,555		(10,967)		(9.4)
Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	2,072		3,395		(1,323)		(39.0)
EBITDA	$	125,232	$	141,048	$	(15,816)	(11.2)

* Percentage is not meaningful.

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The following table reconciles the change in EBITDA:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2022	$	141,048
Increase (decrease) in gains (losses) on investments, net	17,053
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	6,900
Increase (decrease) in other, net	6,699
Decrease (increase) in equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	755
Decrease (increase) in net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	(1,323)
Increase (decrease) in operating income (loss), excluding depreciation and amortization	(12,500)
Decrease (increase) in other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	(33,400)
EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2023	$	125,232

Segment Operating Results and Capital Expenditures

The following tables present our total revenue, capital expenditures and EBITDA by segment for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022:


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the three months ended June 30, 2023
Total revenue	$	444,335	$	6,120	$	2,654	$	453,109
Capital expenditures	43,950		—		5,066		49,016
EBITDA	140,997		4,562		(20,327)		125,232

For the three months ended June 30, 2022
Total revenue	$	491,841	$	4,850	$	2,625	$	499,316
Capital expenditures	64,861		—		10,918		75,779
EBITDA	179,928		3,521		(42,401)		141,048

Hughes Segment


	For the three months ended June 30,				Variance
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Total revenue	$	444,335	$	491,841	$	(47,506)	(9.7)
Capital expenditures	43,950		64,861		(20,911)		(32.2)
EBITDA	140,997		179,928		(38,931)		(21.6)

Total revenue was $444.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $47.5 million, or 9.7%, as compared to 2022. Services and other revenue decreased primarily due to lower sales of broadband services to our consumer customers of $43.8 million. Equipment revenue decreased primarily due to a decrease in hardware sales to our international enterprise customers of $13.0 million, partially offset by an increase of $5.5 million in sales to our mobile satellite system customers and a net increase of $5.0 million related to our North American customers due to lower hardware sales and positive adjustments on profit margin on long-term contracts.

Capital expenditures were $44.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $20.9 million, or 32.2%, as compared to 2022, primarily due to decreases in expenditures associated with our consumer business and construction of our satellite-related ground infrastructure in preparation of the launch of EchoStar XXIV.

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The following table reconciles the change in the Hughes Segment EBITDA:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2022	$	179,928
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	6,205
Decrease (increase) in equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	506
Increase (decrease) in gains (losses) on investments, net	(217)
Increase (decrease) in other, net	(1,005)
Decrease (increase) in net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	(1,323)
Increase (decrease) in operating income (loss), excluding depreciation and amortization	(9,697)
Decrease (increase) in other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	(33,400)
EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2023	$	140,997

ESS Segment


	For the three months ended June 30,				Variance
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Total revenue	$	6,120	$	4,850	$	1,270	26.2

EBITDA	4,562		3,521		1,041		29.6

Total revenue was $6.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $1.3 million, or 26.2%, compared to 2022, primarily due to an increase in transponder services provided to third parties.

EBITDA was $4.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $1.0 million, or 29.6%, primarily due to the increase in overall ESS segment revenue.

Corporate and Other


	For the three months ended June 30,				Variance
	2023		2022		Amounts		%
Total revenue	$	2,654	$	2,625	$	29	1.1
Capital expenditures	5,066		10,918		(5,852)		(53.6)
EBITDA	(20,327)		(42,401)		22,074		(52.1)

Total revenue was $2.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, which is primarily flat compared to 2022.

Capital expenditures were $5.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $5.9 million, as compared to 2022, primarily due to refunds related to EchoStar XXIV expenditures, partially offset by increases in expenditures related to the construction of our S-band satellites.

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The following table reconciles the change in the Corporate and Other EBITDA:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2022	$	(42,401)
Increase (decrease) in gains (losses) on investments, net	17,270
Increase (decrease) in other, net	7,706
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	693
Decrease (increase) in equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	249
Increase (decrease) in operating income (loss), excluding depreciation and amortization	(3,844)

EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2023	$	(20,327)

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022

The following table presents our consolidated results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022:


	For the six months ended June 30,						Variance
Statements of Operations Data (1)	2023			2022			Amount		%
Revenue:
Services and other revenue	$	749,037		$	833,508		$	(84,471)	(10.1)
Equipment revenue	143,669			167,342			(23,673)		(14.1)
Total revenue	892,706			1,000,850			(108,144)		(10.8)
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales - services and other	268,096			285,364			(17,268)		(6.1)
% of total services and other revenue	35.8		%	34.2		%
Cost of sales - equipment	107,824			139,168			(31,344)		(22.5)
% of total equipment revenue	75.1		%	83.2		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	217,481			231,261			(13,780)		(6.0)
% of total revenue	24.4		%	23.1		%
Research and development expenses	15,097			16,381			(1,284)		(7.8)
% of total revenue	1.7		%	1.6		%
Depreciation and amortization	208,446			236,991			(28,545)		(12.0)
Impairment of long-lived assets	3,142			711			2,431		*
Total costs and expenses	820,086			909,876			(89,790)		(9.9)
Operating income (loss)	72,620			90,974			(18,354)		(20.2)
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	52,122			15,494			36,628		*
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	(26,526)			(29,280)			2,754		(9.4)
Gains (losses) on investments, net	(12,594)			58,148			(70,742)		(121.7)
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	(1,097)			(3,015)			1,918		(63.6)
Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	(33,400)			—			(33,400)		*
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	6,571			2,752			3,819		138.8
Other, net	9,442			2,517			6,925		*
Total other income (expense), net	(5,482)			46,616			(52,098)		(111.8)
Income (loss) before income taxes	67,138			137,590			(70,452)		(51.2)
Income tax benefit (provision), net	(30,233)			(38,172)			7,939		(20.8)
Net income (loss)	36,905			99,418			(62,513)		(62.9)
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	3,293			5,883			(2,590)		(44.0)
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock	$	40,198		$	105,301		$	(65,103)	(61.8)

Other data:
EBITDA (2)	$	253,281		$	394,250		$	(140,969)	(35.8)
Subscribers, end of period	1,122,000			1,346,000			(224,000)		(16.6)

* Percentage is not meaningful

(1) An explanation of our key metrics is included in Explanation of Key Metrics and Other Items.

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The following discussion relates to our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022:

Services and other revenue. Services and other revenue totaled $749.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $84.5 million, or 10.1%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to our Hughes segment related to lower sales of broadband services to our consumer customers of $83.3 million.

Equipment revenue. Equipment revenue totaled $143.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $23.7 million, or 14.1%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of $21.6 million in hardware sales to our international enterprise customers and a net decrease of $6.8 million related to our North American customers due to lower hardware sales and positive adjustments on profit margin on long-term contracts, partially offset by an increase of $6.1 million in sales to our mobile satellite system customers.

Cost of sales - services and other. Cost of sales - services and other totaled $268.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $17.3 million, or 6.1%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower sales of broadband services and corresponding decreases in cost of services provided to our consumer and enterprise customers of $16.7 million, mainly related to service delivery expenses, such as space segment, customer care and field maintenance.

Cost of sales - equipment. Cost of sales - equipment totaled $107.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $31.3 million, or 22.5%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the corresponding decrease in equipment revenue, partially offset by an increase in our warranty reserve.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $217.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $13.8 million, or 6.0%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in sales and marketing expenses of $17.0 million, partially offset by increases general and administrative expenses.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses totaled $208.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $28.5 million, or 12.0%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in other property and equipment depreciation expense of $27.6 million.

Impairment of long-lived assets. Impairment of long-lived assets totaled $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. This impairment charge was related to our EG-3 nano-satellite and other related assets abandoned during the first quarter of 2023 due to lost contact with EG-3.

Interest income, net. Interest income, net totaled $52.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $36.6 million as compared to 2022, primarily attributable to increases in the yield on our marketable investment securities and an increase in our marketable investment securities average balance.

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized. Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized, totaled $26.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $2.8 million, or 9.4%, as compared to 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of $2.1 million in capitalized interest relating to the EchoStar XXIV satellite program.

Gains (losses) on investments, net. Gains (losses) on investments, net totaled $12.6 million in losses for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $58.1 million in gains for the six months ended June 30, 2022, a negative change of $70.7 million. The change was primarily related to net decreased gains on marketable investment securities and decreased gains other equity securities of $50.0 million.

Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net totaled $6.6 million in gains for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $2.8 million in gains for the six months ended June 30, 2022, a positive change of $3.8 million. The change was due to the net impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations of certain foreign currencies in Latin and Central America.

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Other, net. Other, net totaled $9.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to a recognized gain on the repayment of an other debt investment in April 2023.

Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments. Other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments was $33.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, related to the impairment of our investment in Broadband Connectivity Solutions (Restricted) Limited (BCS) as a result of increased competition and economic environment for this business.

Income tax benefit (provision), net. Income tax benefit (provision), net was $30.2 million provision for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $38.2 million provision for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Our effective income tax rate was 45.0% and 27.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were primarily due to excluded foreign losses where the Company carries a full valuation allowance, and the research tax credit. The variations in our effective tax rate from the U.S. federal statutory rate for the six months ended June 30, 2022, were primarily due to excluded foreign losses where the Company carries a full valuation allowance, and the impact of state and local taxes.

Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock. The following table reconciles the change in Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation common stock:


	Amounts
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the six months ended June 30, 2022	$	105,301
Increase (decrease) in interest income, net	36,628
Decrease (increase) in income tax benefit (provision), net	7,939
Increase (decrease) in other, net	6,925
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	3,819
Decrease (increase) in interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	2,754
Decrease (increase) in equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	1,918
Increase (decrease) in net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest	(2,590)
Increase (decrease) in operating income (loss), including depreciation and amortization	(18,354)
Decrease (increase) in other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	(33,400)
Increase (decrease) in gains (losses) on investments, net	$	(70,742)
Net income (loss) attributable to EchoStar Corporation for the six months ended June 30, 2023	$	40,198

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	For the six months ended June 30,				Variance
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Net income (loss)	$	36,905	$	99,418	$	(62,513)	(62.9)
Interest income, net	(52,122)		(15,494)		(36,628)		*
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized	26,526		29,280		(2,754)		(9.4)
Income tax provision (benefit), net	30,233		38,172		(7,939)		(20.8)
Depreciation and amortization	208,446		236,991		(28,545)		(12.0)
Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	3,293		5,883		(2,590)		(44.0)
EBITDA	$	253,281	$	394,250	$	(140,969)	(35.8)

* Percentage is not meaningful

The following table reconciles the change in EBITDA:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2022	$	394,250
Increase (decrease) in other, net	6,925
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	3,819
Decrease (increase) in equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	1,918
Decrease (increase) in net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	(2,590)
Decrease (increase) in other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	(33,400)
Increase (decrease) in operating income (loss), excluding depreciation and amortization	(46,899)
Increase (decrease) in gains (losses) on investments, net	(70,742)
EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2023	$	253,281

Segment Operating Results and Capital Expenditures

The following tables present our total revenue, capital expenditures and EBITDA by segment for the six months ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022:


	Hughes		ESS		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Total
For the six months ended June 30, 2023
Total revenue	$	875,530	$	12,117	$	5,059	$	892,706
Capital expenditures	90,975		—		2,112		93,087
EBITDA	298,231		9,217		(54,167)		253,281

For the six months ended June 30, 2022
Total revenue	$	985,947	$	9,324	$	5,579	$	1,000,850
Capital expenditures	125,882		—		62,035		187,917
EBITDA	371,098		6,212		16,940		394,250

Capital expenditures are net of refunds and other receipts related to property and equipment.

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Hughes Segment


	For the six months ended June 30,				Variance
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Total revenue	$	875,530	$	985,947	$	(110,417)	(11.2)
Capital expenditures	90,975		125,882		(34,907)		(27.7)
EBITDA	298,231		371,098		(72,867)		(19.6)

Total revenue was $875.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $110.4 million, or 11.2%, as compared to 2022. Services and other revenue decreased primarily due to lower sales of broadband services to our consumer customers of $83.3 million. Equipment revenue decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of $21.6 million in hardware sales to our international enterprise customers and a net decrease of $6.8 million related to our North American customers due to lower hardware sales and positive adjustments on profit margin on long-term contracts, partially offset by an increase of $6.1 million in sales to our mobile satellite system customers.

Capital expenditures were $91.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $34.9 million, or 27.7%, as compared to 2022, primarily due to decreases in expenditures associated with our consumer business and decreases in expenditures related to the construction of our satellite-related ground infrastructure.

The following table reconciles the change in the Hughes Segment EBITDA:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2022	$	371,098
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	2,625
Decrease (increase) in equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	1,298
Increase (decrease) in gains (losses) on investments, net	(217)
Increase (decrease) in other, net	(788)
Decrease (increase) in net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests	(2,589)
Decrease (increase) in other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments	(33,400)
Increase (decrease) in operating income (loss), excluding depreciation and amortization	(39,796)
EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2023	$	298,231

ESS Segment


	For the six months ended June 30,				Variance
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Total revenue	$	12,117	$	9,324	$	2,793	30.0

EBITDA	9,217		6,212		3,005		48.4

Total revenue was $12.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $2.8 million, or 30.0%, compared to 2022, primarily due to an increase in transponder services provided to third parties.

EBITDA was $9.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $3.0 million, or 48.4%, as compared to 2022, primarily due to the increase in overall ESS segment revenue and lower expenses.

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Corporate and Other


	For the six months ended June 30,				Variance
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Total revenue	$	5,059	$	5,579	$	(520)	(9.3)
Capital expenditures	2,112		62,035		(59,923)		(96.6)
EBITDA	(54,167)		16,940		(71,107)		*

Total revenue was $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, which is primarily flat compared to 2022.

Capital expenditures, net of refunds and other receipts related to property and equipment were $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $59.9 million, as compared to 2022, primarily due to decreases in expenditures, as well as refunds and other receipts, related to the EchoStar XXIV satellite program.

The following table reconciles the change in the Corporate and Other EBITDA:


	Amounts
EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2022	$	16,940
Increase (decrease) in other, net	7,715
Increase (decrease) in foreign currency transaction gains (losses), net	1,193
Decrease (increase) in equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net	620
Increase (decrease) in operating income (loss), excluding depreciation and amortization	(10,111)
Increase (decrease) in gains (losses) on investments, net	(70,524)
EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2023	$	(54,167)

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Investment Securities

We consider all liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.

As of June 30, 2023 our cash, cash equivalents and marketable investment securities totaled $1.9 billion, $1.2 billion of which we held as marketable investment securities, consisting of various debt and equity instruments including corporate bonds, corporate equity securities, government bonds and mutual funds.

Cash Flow Activities

The following table summarizes our cash flows provided by (used for) operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:


	For the six months ended June 30,				Variance
	2023		2022
Operating activities	$	190,958	$	251,632	$	(60,674)
Investing activities	(196,579)		280,295		(476,874)
Financing activities	(317)		(74,071)		73,754
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	3,483		(728)		4,211
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	(2,455)	$	457,128	$	(459,583)

Cash flows provided by (used for) operating activities decreased by $60.7 million primarily attributable to decreases in net income of $62.5 million, other, net, of $49.9 million, depreciation and amortization of $28.5 million, deferred tax provision, net of $16.5 million, gain on repayment of other debt securities of $7.6 million, partially offset by losses (gains) on investments, net of $70.7 million, other-than-temporary impairment losses on equity method investments of $33.4 million, and changes in assets and liabilities, net of $3.2 million.

Cash flows provided by (used for) investing activities decreased by $476.9 million primarily attributable to a decrease in our marketable investment securities net expenditures of $722.8 million and an increase in externally marketed software expenditures of $3.3 million, partially offset by proceeds from repayment of other debt investments of $148.4 million, a decrease in expenditures for property and equipment of $94.8 million, and the absence of expenditures for the India JV formation in 2022 of $7.9 million.

Cash flows provided by (used for) financing activities increased by $73.8 million primarily attributable to decreases in treasury share repurchases of $77.1 million.

Obligations and Future Capital Requirements

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We generally do not engage in off-balance sheet financing activities or use material derivative financial instruments for hedge accounting or speculative purposes.

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Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds

The following table presents the components of our letters of credit and surety bonds as of June 30, 2023:


	Amounts
Letters of credit secured by restricted cash	$	11,088
Surety bonds	16,638
Credit arrangement available to our foreign subsidiaries	28,236
Total letters of credit and surety bonds	$	55,962

Certain letters of credit are secured by assets of our foreign subsidiaries.

Satellites

As our satellite fleet ages, and as our business plans evolve, we will evaluate whether and to what extent to utilize replacement alternatives such as acquiring, leasing or constructing additional satellites, with or without customer commitments for capacity. We may also construct, acquire or lease additional satellites or satellite capacity in the future to provide satellite services at additional orbital locations, to improve the quality of our satellite services or to provide new satellites services.

Satellite Insurance

Future Capital Requirements

We primarily rely on our existing cash and marketable investment securities balances, as well as cash flow generated through our operations, to fund our business. Revenue in our ESS segment depends largely on our ability to make continuous use of our available satellite capacity on behalf of existing customers and our ability to enter into commercial relationships with new customers. Consumer revenue in our Hughes segment depends on our success in adding new and retaining existing subscribers and driving higher ARPU. Revenue in our enterprise and equipment businesses relies heavily on global economic conditions and the competitive landscape for pricing relative to competitors and alternative technologies. There can be no assurance that we will have positive cash flows from operations in the future. Furthermore, if we experience negative cash flows, our existing cash and marketable investment securities balances may be reduced.

We have a significant amount of outstanding indebtedness. As of June 30, 2023, our total indebtedness was $1.5 billion. Our liquidity requirements will continue to be significant, primarily due to our remaining debt service requirements. We may from time to time seek to repurchase amounts of our outstanding debt in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, depending on market conditions, our liquidity needs and other factors. The amounts we may repurchase may be material. In the future, we may require material capital expenditures to make significant acquisitions or investments in infrastructure, technologies or joint ventures to support and expand our business, or if we decide to purchase or build additional satellites or invest in other technologies or assets. Other aspects of our business operations may also require additional capital. We also expect to owe U.S. federal income tax for 2023.

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We anticipate that our existing cash and marketable investment securities are sufficient to fund the currently anticipated operations of our business through the next twelve months.

Stock Repurchases

On November 2, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock commencing January 1, 2022 through and including December 31, 2022. In addition, on October 20, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock commencing January 1, 2023 through and including December 31, 2023. Purchases under our repurchase authorizations may be made through privately negotiated transactions, open market repurchases, one or more trading plans in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise, subject to market conditions and other factors. We may elect not to purchase the maximum amount or any of the shares allowable under these authorizations and we may also enter into additional share repurchase programs authorized by our Board of Directors. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we repurchased zero shares of our Class A common stock under this program.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our critical accounting policies are described in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Consolidated Financial Statements in our Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies from those presented in our Form 10-K.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Our critical accounting estimates are described in our Form 10-K under the heading Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting estimates from those presented in our Form 10-K.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

SEASONALITY

For our Hughes segment, service revenue is generally not impacted by seasonal fluctuations other than those related to sales and promotional activities.

Our ESS segment is not generally affected by seasonal impacts.

We cannot predict with any certainty whether these trends will continue in the near future.

INFLATION AND SUPPLY CHAIN

Inflation has impacted our operations as we have continued to experience increased costs in certain functional areas including field services and customer care. We are unable to predict the extent or nature of any future inflationary pressure at this time. Our ability to increase the prices charged for our products and services in future periods depends primarily on competitive pressures, contractual terms, and inflationary pressures.

Worldwide interruptions and delays in the supply of components, materials and parts, although not materially impacting our operations during the six months ended June 30, 2023, may impact our ability to timely provide equipment deliveries in the future. Any such future interruptions and delays could increase the cost of our equipment, and we may not be able to pass these higher costs on to our customers.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Refer to our Form 10-K, under the heading Part II - Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, for a more complete discussion of our risks. As of June 30, 2023, our market risks have not changed materially from those presented in our Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q such that the information required to be disclosed in our Securities and Exchange Commission reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We continue to review our internal control over financial reporting and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing its effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For a discussion of legal proceedings, refer to Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements - Note 13. Contingencies - Litigation in this Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following information updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the information in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Risks Relating to the DISH Merger

Because the market price of DISH common stock will fluctuate, EchoStar stockholders cannot be sure of the value of DISH common stock they will receive in the Merger. In addition, because the exchange ratio is fixed, the number of shares of DISH common stock to be received by EchoStar stockholders in the Merger will not change between now and the time the Merger is completed to reflect changes in the trading prices of DISH common stock or EchoStar common stock.

As a result of the Merger, each share of EchoStar Class A common stock and each share of EchoStar Class B common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time (other than shares held directly by EchoStar as treasury shares or by DISH) will be converted automatically into 2.85 shares of DISH Class A common stock and 2.85 shares of DISH Class B common stock, respectively. The exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted prior to the closing to account for changes in the trading prices of DISH common stock or EchoStar common stock or, except as otherwise set forth in the merger agreement, other factors. The exact value of the consideration to EchoStar stockholders will therefore depend on the price per share of DISH common stock at the closing of the Merger, which may be greater than, less than or the same as the price per share of DISH common stock at the time of entry into the Merger Agreement.

The market price of DISH common stock is subject to general price fluctuations in the market for publicly traded equity securities and has experienced volatility in the past. Stock price changes may result from a variety of factors, including general market and economic conditions, changes in the business, operations and prospects of DISH or EchoStar and regulatory considerations, many of which are factors beyond DISH’s and EchoStar’s control.

We will be subject to business uncertainties and contractual restrictions while the Merger is pending

Uncertainty about the effect of the Merger on employees, commercial partners and customers may have an adverse effect on us. These uncertainties may impair our ability to retain and motivate key personnel and could cause customers and others that deal with us to defer or decline entering into contracts with us or making other decisions concerning us or seek to change existing business relationships with us. Certain of our contracts contain change of control restrictions that may give rise to a right of termination or cancellation in connection with the Merger. In addition, if key employees depart because of uncertainty about their future roles and the potential complexities of the Merger, our business could be harmed. Furthermore, the Merger Agreement contains restrictions on our ability to take certain actions outside the ordinary course of business prior to the closing of the Merger, which may delay or prevent us from undertaking certain actions or business opportunities that may arise prior to the closing.

The Merger Agreement restricts our ability to pursue alternatives to the Merger

The merger agreement contains provisions that make it more difficult for us to enter into alternative transactions. The merger agreement prohibits us from soliciting alternative acquisition proposals from third parties, providing information to third parties and engaging in discussions with third parties regarding alternative acquisition proposals. These provisions could discourage a potential third-party acquirer that might have an interest in us from considering or pursuing an alternative transaction with us or proposing such a transaction, even if it were prepared to pay consideration with a higher per share value than the total value proposed to be paid in the Merger.

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The Merger is subject to a number of conditions, including receipt of certain regulatory approvals. Failure to complete the Merger could negatively impact our business, financial results and stock price

The completion of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction of a number of conditions including, among others, the receipt of certain regulatory approvals. As a condition to granting the necessary approvals or clearances, governmental authorities may impose requirements, limitations or costs or place restrictions on the conduct of the business of the combined company after the completion of the Merger. Any one of these requirements, limitations, costs, or restrictions could jeopardize or delay the completion of or reduce the anticipated benefits of the Merger. If the Merger is not completed, our ongoing business may be adversely affected and we will be subject to several risks and consequences, including the following:

•we will be required to pay certain costs relating to the Merger, whether or not the Merger is completed, such as significant fees and expenses relating to financial advisory, legal, accounting, consulting and other advisory fees and expenses, employee-benefit and related expenses and regulatory filings; and

•matters relating to the Merger may require substantial commitments of time and resources by our management, which could otherwise have been devoted to day-to-day operations and other opportunities that may have been beneficial to us.

In addition, if the Merger is not completed, we may experience negative reactions from the financial markets and from our employees, commercial partners and customers. We could also be subject to litigation, including litigation related to failure to complete the Merger or to enforce DISH’s’ obligations under the Merger Agreement. If the Merger is not consummated, there can be no assurance that the risks described above will not materially affect our business, financial results and stock price.

Litigation relating to the Merger may be filed against our board of directors and/or our special committee that could prevent or delay the closing of the Merger and/or result in the payment of damages following the closing

In connection with the Merger, it is possible that our stockholders may file lawsuits against our board of directors and/or our special committee. Among other remedies, these stockholders could seek damages and/or to enjoin the Merger. The outcome of any litigation is uncertain and any such potential lawsuits could prevent or delay the closing and/or result in substantial costs to us. Any such actions may create uncertainty relating to the Merger and may be costly and distracting to management. Further, the defense or settlement of any lawsuit or claim that remains unresolved at the time the Merger is completed may adversely affect the combined company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows following the Merger.

The shares of DISH common stock to be received by EchoStar stockholders upon the closing will have different rights from shares of EchoStar common stock

Upon the closing, our stockholders will no longer be stockholders of EchoStar. Instead, our former stockholders will become DISH stockholders and their rights as DISH stockholders will be governed by the terms of the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of DISH. These documents are in some respects different than the terms of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, which currently govern the rights of our stockholders.

Our business may not be integrated successfully or such integration may be more difficult, time consuming or costly than expected. Operating costs, customer loss and business disruption, including difficulties in maintaining relationships with employees, customers, suppliers or vendors, may be greater than expected following the Merger. Synergies from the Merger may not be realized within expected timeframes or at all

The combination of two separate businesses is complex, costly and time-consuming and may divert significant management attention and resources to combining our and DISH’s business practices and operations. This process may disrupt our business. The failure to meet the challenges involved in combining the two businesses and to realize the anticipated benefits of the Merger could cause an interruption of, or a loss of momentum in, the activities of DISH and could adversely affect the results of operations of the combined company following the Merger. The

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overall combination of our and DISH’s businesses may also result in material unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, competitive responses, and loss of customer and other business relationships. The difficulties of combining the operations of the companies include, among others:

•the diversion of management attention to integration matters;

•difficulties in integrating operations and systems, including intellectual property and communications systems, administrative and information technology infrastructure and financial reporting and internal control systems;

•challenges in conforming standards, controls, procedures and accounting and other policies, business cultures and compensation structures between the two companies;

•difficulties in integrating employees and attracting and retaining key personnel;

•challenges in retaining existing, and obtaining new customers, suppliers and other commercial relationships;

•difficulties in managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex company; and

•potential unknown liabilities, adverse consequences and unforeseen increased expenses associated with the Merger.

Many of these factors are outside of our control and/or will be outside the control of DISH and any one of them could result in lower revenues, higher costs and diversion of management time and energy, which could materially impact the business, financial condition and results of operations of DISH. In addition, even if the operations of our and DISH’s businesses are integrated successfully, the full benefits of the Merger may not be realized, including, among others, the synergies, cost savings or sales or growth opportunities that are expected. These benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame or at all. All of these factors could negatively impact the price of the DISH common stock following the Merger. As a result, it cannot be assured that the combination of us and DISH will result in the realization of the full benefits expected from the Merger within the anticipated time frames or at all.

The market price for DISH common stock following the closing of the Merger may be affected by factors different from those that historically have affected or currently affect our common stock

Upon the closing of the Merger, our stockholders will receive shares of DISH common stock. DISH’s business and financial position will differ from our business and financial position before the closing and, accordingly, the results of operations of DISH will be affected by some factors that are different from those currently affecting our operating results. Accordingly, the market price and performance of DISH common stock is likely to be different from the performance of our common stock in the absence of the Merger. In addition, it is anticipated that DISH will issue a significant number of shares of DISH common stock in the Merger. The issuance of these new shares could have the effect of depressing the market price of the DISH common stock.

Following the Merger, DISH will be controlled by one principal stockholder

Charles W. Ergen, our Chairman and the Chairman of DISH, beneficially owns approximately 93% of the total voting power of all classes of our shares and approximately 90.4% of the total voting power of all classes of DISH shares. Mr. Ergen and related stockholders have agreed, pursuant to the support agreement entered into in connection with the Merger,to not vote, or cause or direct to be voted, the shares of DISH Class A Common Stock owned by them, other than with respect of any matter presented to the holders of DISH Class A Common Stock on which holders of DISH Class B Common Stock are not entitled to vote, for three years following the closing of the Merger, such that the Ergen stockholders’ voting power of DISH does not increase as a result of the Merger from the voting power owned by them as of the date of the entry into the Merger Agreement. Through his beneficial ownership of EchoStar and DISH’s equity securities, Mr. Ergen has the ability to elect a majority of the directors and to control all other matters requiring the approval of EchoStar or DISH stockholders, and will continue to have such ability as to DISH following completion of the Merger. As a result of Mr. Ergen’s voting power, we and DISH currently each are, and following the Merger DISH will be, a “controlled company” as defined in the NASDAQ listing rules and, therefore, not subject to certain NASDAQ requirements relating to director independence and nomination and board committee composition. In addition, following the Merger, it may be difficult for a third party to acquire DISH, even if doing so may be beneficial to shareholders, because of DISH’s ownership structure. In addition, future sales of DISH common stock by Mr. Ergen could adversely affect the DISH stock price. The parties have agreed to enter into a registration rights agreement reasonably acceptable to the parties providing for the registration of the Ergen

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stockholders’ shares of DISH Class A Common Stock or DISH Class B Common Stock received as part of the Merger consideration and/or DISH Class B Common Stock held by such stockholders immediately prior to the closing of the Merger.

Our directors and executive officers have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of our other stockholders

Aside from their interests as stockholders, certain of our directors and executive officers have interests in the Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of our stockholders generally. These interests include, among others, rights to continuing indemnification and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. Charles Ergen, director and Chairman of both EchoStar and DISH, will serve as a director and Chairman of DISH following the Merger. In addition, Hamid Akhavan, the President and Chief Executive Officer of EchoStar, will serve as President and Chief Executive Officer of the combined company following the Merger. Our special committee was aware of and considered these interests, among other things, in negotiating and deciding to approve, and recommend to the our board of directors, the merger agreement and the Merger, and the our board of directors was aware of and considered these interests, among other things, in deciding to approve the merger agreement and the Merger.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Pursuant to a stock repurchase program approved by our board of directors, we are authorized to repurchase up to $500.0 million of our Class A common stock through December 31, 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we repurchased zero shares of our Class A common stock under this program.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Financial Results

On August 8, 2023, we issued a press release (the “Press Release”) announcing our financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. A copy of the Press Release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1. The foregoing information, including the exhibit related thereto, is furnished in response to Item 2.02 of Form 8-K and shall not be deemed “filed” for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise, and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or into any filing or other document pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except as otherwise expressly stated in any such filing.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

None of the Company’s directors or Section 16 officers adopted, modified, or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2023.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit No.						Description
10.1						Amendment No. 4 dated June 9, 2023 to the Contract between EchoStar XXIV L.L.C. and Maxar Space LLC for the JUPITER 3 Satellite Program*
10.2						Amendment No. 5 dated July 17, 2023 to the Contract between EchoStar XXIV L.L.C. and Maxar Space LLC for the JUPITER 3 Satellite Program*
99.1(I)						Press release dated August 8, 2023 issued by EchoStar Corporation regarding financial results for the period ended June 30, 2023.
31.1(H)						Section 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer
32.1(I)						Section 906 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

(H) Filed herewith.

(I) Furnished herewith.

* Certain portions of the exhibit have been omitted in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and regulations regarding confidential treatment.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		ECHOSTAR CORPORATION


Date: August 8, 2023	By:	/s/ Hamid Akhavan
		Hamid Akhavan
		Chief Executive Officer and President
		(Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)


Date: August 8, 2023	By:	/s/ Veronika Takacs
		Veronika Takacs
		Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
		(Principal Accounting Officer)