ECOLAB INC. - Quarter Report: 2018 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 1-9328

ECOLAB INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		41-0231510
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)

1 Ecolab Place, St. Paul, Minnesota 55102

(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

1-800-232-6522

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Not applicable)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year,

if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☒		Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)		Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of June 30, 2018.

288,903,662 shares of common stock, par value $1.00 per share.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME

(unaudited)



	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions, except per share amounts)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Product and equipment sales		$3,048.2		$2,847.2		$5,895.4		$5,445.0
Service and lease sales		641.4		612.8		1,265.1		1,177.4
Net sales		3,689.6		3,460.0		7,160.5		6,622.4
Product and equipment cost of sales		1,751.9		1,660.0		3,448.5		3,157.3
Service and lease cost of sales		404.2		385.4		789.7		739.9
Cost of sales (including special charges (a))		2,156.1		2,045.4		4,238.2		3,897.2
Selling, general and administrative expenses		1,026.8		958.2		2,035.3		1,905.4
Special (gains) and charges		12.1		36.8		38.1		43.0
Operating income		494.6		419.6		848.9		776.8
Other (income) expense		(19.6)		(16.8)		(39.0)		(33.6)
Interest expense, net		56.3		59.6		112.7		122.1
Income before income taxes		457.9		376.8		775.2		688.3
Provision for income taxes		104.3		80.5		173.4		134.7
Net income including noncontrolling interest		353.6		296.3		601.8		553.6
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		2.3		1.5		3.2		4.8
Net income attributable to Ecolab		$351.3		$294.8		$598.6		$548.8

Earnings attributable to Ecolab per common share
Basic		$ 1.22		$ 1.02		$ 2.07		$ 1.89
Diluted		$ 1.20		$ 1.00		$ 2.04		$ 1.86

Dividends declared per common share		$0.410		$0.370		$0.820		$0.740

Weighted-average common shares outstanding
Basic		288.8		289.8		288.7		290.2
Diluted		293.3		294.1		293.0		294.6

(a)

Cost of sales includes special (gains) and charges of $(0.1) and $24.4 million in the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $(0.1) and $25.9 in the first six months of 2018 and 2017, respectively, which is recorded in product and equipment cost of sales.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(unaudited)


	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Net income including noncontrolling interest		$353.6		$296.3		$601.8		$553.6

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Foreign currency translation adjustments
Foreign currency translation		(132.7)		43.6		(17.1)		124.6
Gain (loss) on net investment hedges		49.0		(55.6)		22.8		(52.8)
		(83.7)		(12.0)		5.7		71.8

Derivatives and hedging instruments		17.4		0.9		15.3		(8.3)

Pension and postretirement benefits
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service costs included in
net periodic pension and postretirement costs		16.0		3.6		16.3		6.9
Postretirement benefits changes		14.4		-		14.4		-
		30.4		3.6		30.7		6.9

Subtotal		(35.9)		(7.5)		51.7		70.4

Total comprehensive income, including noncontrolling interest		317.7		288.8		653.5		624.0
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.8		2.3		4.2		6.8
Comprehensive income attributable to Ecolab		$316.9		$286.5		$649.3		$617.2

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(unaudited)



	June 30		December 31
(millions, except shares and per share amounts)	2018		2017

ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$54.2		$211.4
Accounts receivable, net		2,635.4		2,571.4
Inventories		1,557.6		1,446.5
Other current assets		360.7		365.0
Total current assets		4,607.9		4,594.3
Property, plant and equipment, net		3,758.7		3,707.1
Goodwill		7,190.9		7,167.1
Other intangible assets, net		3,909.8		4,017.6
Other assets		484.3		477.4
Total assets		$19,951.6		$19,963.5

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Short-term debt		$874.5		$564.4
Accounts payable		1,242.1		1,177.1
Compensation and benefits		477.7		549.4
Income taxes		44.6		183.6
Other current liabilities		984.9		1,000.7
Total current liabilities		3,623.8		3,475.2
Long-term debt		6,343.1		6,758.3
Postretirement health care and pension benefits		981.0		1,025.5
Deferred income taxes		688.3		635.4
Other liabilities		406.9		415.3
Total liabilities		12,043.1		12,309.7

Equity (a)
Common stock		355.9		354.7
Additional paid-in capital		5,545.6		5,435.7
Retained earnings		8,329.9		8,011.6
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,592.7)		(1,643.4)
Treasury stock		(4,789.2)		(4,575.0)
Total Ecolab shareholders’ equity		7,849.5		7,583.6
Noncontrolling interest		59.0		70.2
Total equity		7,908.5		7,653.8
Total liabilities and equity		$19,951.6		$19,963.5

(a)

Common stock, 800.0 million shares authorized, $1.00 par value per share, 288.9 million shares outstanding at June 30, 2018 and 289.3 million shares outstanding at December 31, 2017. Shares outstanding are net of treasury stock.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)


	Six Months Ended
	June 30
(millions)	2018		2017

OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income including noncontrolling interest		$601.8		$553.6
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		305.5		286.3
Amortization		160.3		150.9
Deferred income taxes		32.6		(14.9)
Share-based compensation expense		61.8		57.5
Pension and postretirement plan contributions		(34.0)		(37.0)
Pension and postretirement plan expense		17.0		17.3
Restructuring charges, net of cash paid		(6.3)		20.3
Other, net		12.3		12.6
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		(88.5)		16.1
Inventories		(118.9)		(95.8)
Other assets		(47.1)		(9.6)
Accounts payable		79.8		84.0
Other liabilities		(190.6)		(181.6)
Cash provided by operating activities		785.7		859.7

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures		(412.5)		(378.2)
Property and other assets sold		24.5		2.5
Acquisitions and investments in affiliates, net of cash acquired		(78.1)		(826.5)
Divestiture of businesses		8.4		-
Settlement of net investment hedges		14.1		-
Other, net		(0.8)		(1.7)
Cash used for investing activities		(444.4)		(1,203.9)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net issuances of commercial paper and notes payable		222.7		909.8
Long-term debt repayments		(300.6)		(5.3)
Reacquired shares		(215.8)		(501.1)
Dividends paid		(252.3)		(222.9)
Exercise of employee stock options		50.4		54.6
Acquisition related liabilities and contingent consideration		(10.3)		(8.2)
Other, net		(0.6)		(0.9)
Cash (used for) provided by financing activities		(506.5)		226.0

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		8.0		(1.5)

Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(157.2)		(119.7)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period (a)		211.4		380.4
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period (b)		$54.2		$260.7

(a)

2017 includes $53.0 million of restricted cash related to the Anios transaction, which was included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016.

(b)

There was no restricted cash as of June 30, 2018 and 2017 and December 31, 2017.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(unaudited)


	Ecolab Shareholders
			Additional								Ecolab		Non-
	Common		Paid-in		Retained		OCI		Treasury		Shareholders'		Controlling		Total
(millions)	Stock		Capital		Earnings		(Loss)		Stock		Equity		Interest		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2015		$350.3		$5,086.1		$6,160.3		$(1,423.3)		$(3,263.5)		$6,909.9		$70.5		$6,980.4

New accounting guidance adoption (a)						(29.3)						(29.3)				(29.3)
Net income						1,229.0						1,229.0		17.5		1,246.5
Comprehensive income (loss) activity								(289.6)				(289.6)		(1.3)		(290.9)
Cash dividends declared						(414.9)						(414.9)		(16.9)		(431.8)
Stock options and awards		2.3		200.2						3.2		205.7				205.7
Reacquired shares				(15.5)						(724.1)		(739.6)				(739.6)
Balance, December 31, 2016		352.6		5,270.8		6,945.1		(1,712.9)		(3,984.4)		6,871.2		69.8		6,941.0

New accounting guidance adoption (b)						1.9						1.9				1.9
Net income						1,504.6						1,504.6		14.0		1,518.6
Comprehensive income (loss) activity								69.5				69.5		1.7		71.2
Cash dividends declared						(440.0)						(440.0)		(19.3)		(459.3)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests														4.0		4.0
Stock options and awards		2.1		170.3						4.3		176.7				176.7
Reacquired shares				(5.4)						(594.9)		(600.3)				(600.3)
Balance, December 31, 2017		354.7		5,435.7		8,011.6		(1,643.4)		(4,575.0)		7,583.6		70.2		7,653.8

New accounting guidance adoption (c)						(43.6)						(43.6)				(43.6)
Net income						598.6						598.6		3.2		601.8
Comprehensive income (loss) activity								50.7				50.7		1.0		51.7
Cash dividends declared						(236.7)						(236.7)		(15.4)		(252.1)
Stock options and awards		1.2		109.9						1.6		112.7				112.7
Reacquired shares				-						(215.8)		(215.8)				(215.8)
Balance, June 30, 2018		$355.9		$5,545.6		$8,329.9		$(1,592.7)		$(4,789.2)		$7,849.5		$59.0		$7,908.5

(a)

Upon adoption of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and the related amendments, the Company changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition and has established deferred revenue for service revenues with the cumulative effect reflected as an adjustment to retained earnings.

(b)

In 2017, upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation, the Company released a valuation allowance for previously unrecognized excess tax benefits resulting in an adjustment to retained earnings.

(c)

Upon adoption of ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory, the Company recorded an adjustment to retained earnings representing the write-off of income tax effects that had been deferred from past transactions and the recording of deferred tax assets which previously were not allowed to be recognized.

See Note 17 for additional information regarding adoption of new accounting standards.

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The unaudited consolidated financial information for the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 reflect, in the opinion of company management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows of Ecolab Inc. ("Ecolab" or "the Company") for the interim periods presented. Any adjustments consist of normal recurring items.

The financial results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2017 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The unaudited consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto incorporated in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassifications are primarily related to the adoption of new accounting standards as described further in Note 17. Except for the changes due to the adoption of the new accounting standards, the Company has consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.

With respect to the unaudited financial information of the Company for the second quarter and six month ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 included in this Form 10-Q, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP reported that they have applied limited procedures in accordance with professional standards for a review of such information. Their separate report dated August 2, 2018 appearing herein states that they did not audit and they do not express an opinion on that unaudited financial information. Accordingly, the degree of reliance on their report on such information should be restricted in light of the limited nature of the review procedures applied. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is not subject to the liability provisions of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), for their report on the unaudited financial information because that report is not a "report" or a "part" of a registration statement prepared or certified by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Act.

2. SPECIAL (GAINS) AND CHARGES

Special (gains) and charges reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income include the following:



	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Cost of sales
Restructuring activities		$0.4		$2.2		$0.4		$2.2
Acquisition and integration activities		(0.5)		11.1		(0.5)		12.6
Other		-		11.1		-		11.1
Subtotal		(0.1)		24.4		(0.1)		25.9

Special (gains) and charges
Restructuring activities		8.9		30.8		9.2		30.5
Acquisition and integration activities		1.8		4.6		2.3		10.9
Venezuela related gain		-		(5.3)		-		(5.3)
Other		1.4		6.7		26.6		6.9
Subtotal		12.1		36.8		38.1		43.0

Total special (gains) and charges		$12.0		$61.2		$38.0		$68.9

For segment reporting purposes, special (gains) and charges are not allocated to reportable segments, which is consistent with the Company’s internal management reporting.

Restructuring activities

Subsequent to the second quarter of 2018, the Company formally commenced a restructuring plan (“Plan”) to leverage technology and systems investments and organizational changes. The Company expects that the restructuring activities will be completed by the end of 2020, with anticipated costs of $170 million ($130 million after tax) over the next three years. The Company anticipates that the costs will primarily be cash expenditures for severance costs and some facility closure costs relating to team reorganizations. Actual costs may vary from these estimates depending on actions taken. The restructuring actions are expected to result in approximately $200 million of annual cost savings by 2021.

In anticipation of this Plan, a limited number of actions were taken in the second quarter of 2018. As a result, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $10.1 million ($7.6 million after tax) in the second quarter. The liability related to this Plan was $8.7 million as of the end of the second quarter.

During the second quarter of 2017, the Company commenced restructuring and other cost-saving actions in order to streamline operations. These actions include a reduction of the Company’s global workforce, as well as asset disposals and lease terminations. Actions were substantially completed in 2017. The Company also has restructuring plans that commenced prior to 2015. During the second quarter and first six months of 2018, net restructuring gains related to the prior year plans were $0.8 million ($0.6 million after tax) and $0.5 million ($0.3 million after tax), respectively. During the second quarter of 2017, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $33.0 million ($25.0 million after tax) related primarily to employee termination costs. The restructuring liability balance for all plans commencing prior to 2018 was $26.4 million and $41.5 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The reduction in liability was driven primarily by severance and other cash payments. The majority of pretax charges represent net cash expenditures which are expected to be paid over a period of a few months to several quarters and will continue to be funded from operating activities. Cash payments during 2018 related to restructuring plans were $15.8 million.

Restructuring activities have been included as a component of special (gains) and charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Restructuring liabilities have been classified as a component of both other current and other noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Acquisition and integration related costs

Acquisition and integration costs reported in special (gains) and charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income include $1.8 million ($1.3 million after tax) and $2.3 million ($1.7 million after tax) in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively. Charges are related to Laboratoires Anios (“Anios”) integration costs, advisory and legal fees. Acquisition and integration gain reported in product and equipment cost of sales on the Consolidated Statement of Income in the second quarter of 2018 relate to changes in estimates related to an early lease exit.

Acquisition and integration costs reported in cost of sales on the Consolidated Statement of Income include $11.1 million ($7.0 million after tax) and $12.6 million ($8.0 million after tax) during the second quarter and first six months of 2017, respectively, related primarily to recognition of accelerated rent expense upon the closure of Swisher plants and disposal of excess inventory.

The second quarter and first six months of 2017 also include amounts related to recognition of fair value step-up in the Anios inventory.

Acquisition and integration costs reported in special (gains) and charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income include $4.6 million ($3.0 million after tax) and $10.9 million ($7.3 million after tax) of acquisition costs, advisory and legal fees, and integration charges for the Anios and Swisher acquisitions during the second quarter and first six months of 2017, respectively.

Further information related to the Company’s acquisitions is included in Note 3.

Venezuela related gain

Effective as of the end of the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company deconsolidated its Venezuelan subsidiaries. During the second quarter of 2017, the Company recorded gains of $5.3 million ($3.3 million after tax) resulting from U.S. dollar cash recoveries of intercompany receivables written off at the time of deconsolidation.

Other

During the second quarter and first six months of 2018, the Company recorded other special charges of $1.4 million and $26.6 million, respectively, which primarily consisted of a $25.0 million ($18.9 million after tax) commitment to the Ecolab Foundation in response to the new U.S. tax law. Other charges were minimal in both the second quarter and first six months of 2018.

During the second quarter and first six months of 2017, the Company recorded charges of $17.8 million ($14.4 million after tax) and $18.0 million ($14.5 million after tax), respectively, related to a Global Energy vendor contract termination and litigation. These charges have been included as a component of both cost of sales and special (gains) and charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

3. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

Acquisitions

The Company makes business acquisitions that align with its strategic business objectives. The assets and liabilities of the acquired businesses have been recorded as of the acquisition date, at their respective fair values, and are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The purchase price allocation is based on estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The aggregate purchase price of acquisitions has been reduced for any cash or cash equivalents acquired with the acquisition. Acquisitions during the first six months of 2018 and 2017 were not significant to the Company’s consolidated financial statements; therefore, pro forma financial information is not presented.

Anios Acquisition

On February 1, 2017, the Company acquired Anios for total consideration of $798.3 million, including satisfaction of outstanding debt. Anios had annualized pre-acquisition sales of approximately $245 million and is a leading European manufacturer and marketer of hygiene and disinfection products for the healthcare, food service, and food and beverage processing industries. Anios provides an innovative product line that expands the solutions the Company is able to offer, while also providing a complementary geographic footprint within the healthcare market. During 2016, the Company deposited €50 million in an escrow account that was released to the Company upon closing of the transaction in February 2017.

The Company incurred certain acquisition and integration costs associated with the transaction that were expensed and are reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income. See Note 2 for additional information related to the Company’s special (gains) and charges related to such activities.

The components of the cash paid for Anios are shown in the following table.



(millions)	2017
Tangible assets		$139.8
Identifiable intangible assets
Customer relationships		252.0
Trademarks		65.7
Other technology		16.1
Total assets acquired		473.6

Goodwill		511.7

Total liabilities		187.0
Total consideration transferred		798.3

Long-term debt repaid upon close		192.8
Net consideration transferred to sellers		$605.5

Tangible assets are primarily comprised of accounts receivable of $64.8 million, property, plant and equipment of $24.7 million and inventory of $29.1 million. Liabilities primarily consist of deferred tax liabilities of $102.3 million and current liabilities of $62.5 million.

Customer relationships, trademarks, and other technology are being amortized over weighted average lives of 20, 17, and 11 years, respectively.

Goodwill of $511.7 million arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected through adding complementary geographies and innovative products to the Company’s healthcare portfolio. The goodwill was allocated to the Institutional, Healthcare, and Specialty operating segments within the Global Institutional reportable segment and the Food & Beverage and Life Sciences operating segments within the Global Industrial reportable segment. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The purchase price allocation was completed during the fourth quarter of 2017.

Other Acquisitions

During the first six months of 2018, the Company paid $78.1 million for business acquisitions, of which $45.9 million was attributed to certain identifiable intangible assets and $30.5 million to goodwill. The weighted average useful life of these identifiable intangible assets acquired was 11 years. Additionally, there were insignificant purchase price adjustments related to prior year acquisitions.

Excluding the Anios acquisition, during the first six months of 2017, the Company paid $28.0 million for business acquisitions, of which $18.4 million was attributed to certain identifiable intangible assets. The weighted average useful life of these identifiable intangible assets acquired was 12 years. Additionally, there were insignificant purchase price adjustments related to prior year acquisitions.

Dispositions

There were no significant business dispositions during the first six months of 2018, and there were no business dispositions in the first six months of 2017. In November 2017, the Company completed the sale of its Equipment Care business to a third party. Annualized Equipment Care sales were approximately $180 million and were included in the Other segment.

4. BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION




	June 30		December 31
(millions)	2018		2017
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable		$2,708.7		$2,642.9
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(73.3)		(71.5)
Total		$2,635.4		$2,571.4

Inventories
Finished goods		$1,056.3		$974.9
Raw materials and parts		478.6		438.7
Inventories at FIFO cost		1,534.9		1,413.6
FIFO cost to LIFO cost difference		22.7		32.9
Total		$1,557.6		$1,446.5

Other current assets
Prepaid assets		$160.4		$153.5
Taxes receivable		136.6		129.2
Derivative assets		18.5		28.8
Other		45.2		53.5
Total		$360.7		$365.0

Property, plant and equipment, net
Land		$218.1		$224.1
Buildings and leasehold improvements		1,246.5		1,207.4
Machinery and equipment		2,323.5		2,280.9
Merchandising and customer equipment		2,509.2		2,399.4
Capitalized software		637.2		585.8
Construction in progress		436.1		438.7
		7,370.6		7,136.3
Accumulated depreciation		(3,611.9)		(3,429.2)
Total		$3,758.7		$3,707.1

Other intangible assets, net
Intangible assets not subject to amortization
Trade names		$1,230.0		$1,230.0
Intangible assets subject to amortization
Customer relationships		3,650.2		3,620.3
Trademarks		382.1		380.6
Patents		464.3		462.7
Other technology		236.6		232.6
		4,733.2		4,696.2
Accumulated amortization
Customer relationships		(1,516.7)		(1,403.8)
Trademarks		(162.1)		(147.6)
Patents		(193.6)		(187.9)
Other technology		(181.0)		(169.3)
		(2,053.4)		(1,908.6)
Net intangible assets subject to amortization		2,679.8		2,787.6
Total		$3,909.8		$4,017.6

Other assets
Deferred income taxes		$100.9		$105.4
Pension		47.0		41.7
Other		336.4		330.3
Total		$484.3		$477.4



	June 30		December 31
(millions)	2018		2017
Other current liabilities
Discounts and rebates		$291.5		$267.2
Dividends payable		118.4		118.6
Interest payable		51.8		50.7
Taxes payable, other than income		110.1		129.9
Derivative liabilities		26.8		62.2
Restructuring		29.7		36.0
Contract liability		87.3		79.0
Other		269.3		257.1
Total		$984.9		$1,000.7

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Unrealized loss on derivative financial instruments, net of tax		$(11.1)		$(26.4)
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit expense, net of tax		(525.1)		(555.8)
Cumulative translation, net of tax		(1,056.5)		(1,061.2)
Total		$(1,592.7)		$(1,643.4)

5. DEBT AND INTEREST

Short-term Debt

The following table provides the components of the Company’s short-term debt obligations as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.





	June 30		December 31
(millions)	2018		2017
Short-term debt
Commercial paper		$189.1		$-
Notes payable		37.9		14.7
Long-term debt, current maturities		647.5		549.7
Total		$874.5		$564.4

Line of Credit

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had in place a $2.0 billion multi-year credit facility which expires in November 2022. The credit facility has been established with a diverse syndicate of banks and supports the Company’s U.S. and Euro commercial paper programs. There were no borrowings under the Company’s credit facility as of either June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

Commercial Paper

The Company’s commercial paper program is used as a potential source of liquidity and consists of a $2.0 billion U.S. commercial paper program and a $2.0 billion Euro commercial paper program. The maximum aggregate amount of commercial paper that may be issued by the Company under its commercial paper programs may not exceed $2.0 billion.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $133.2 million (€114.0 million) of commercial paper outstanding under its Euro program and $55.9 million commercial paper outstanding under its U.S. program. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had no commercial paper outstanding under either program.

Long-term Debt

The following table provides the components of the Company’s long-term debt obligations, including current maturities, as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.




	Maturity	June 30		December 31
(millions)	by Year	2018		2017

Long-term debt
Public and 144A notes (2018 principal amount)
Three year 2015 senior notes ($0 million)	2018		$-		$299.9
Three year 2016 senior notes ($400 million)	2019		396.7		396.1
Five year 2015 senior notes ($300 million)	2020		299.3		299.1
Ten year 2011 senior notes ($1.02 billion)	2021		1,016.9		1,016.6
Five year 2017 senior notes ($500 million)	2022		496.5		496.3
Seven year 2016 senior notes ($400 million)	2023		397.8		397.5
Seven year 2016 senior notes (€575 million)	2024		665.2		676.6
Ten year 2015 senior notes (€575 million)	2025		667.6		679.4
Ten year 2016 senior notes ($750 million)	2026		743.3		742.8
Ten year 2017 144A notes ($500 million)	2027		-		494.7
Ten year 2017 senior notes ($500 million)	2027		494.8		-
Thirty year 2011 senior notes ($458 million)	2041		451.5		451.3
Thirty year 2016 senior notes ($250 million)	2046		246.0		246.0
Thirty year 2017 144A notes ($700 million)	2047		-		607.8
Thirty year 2017 senior notes ($700 million)	2047		608.1		-
Private notes (2018 principal amount)
Series A private placement senior notes ($250 million)	2018		248.8		248.5
Series B private placement senior notes ($250 million)	2023		249.4		249.3
Capital lease obligations			7.7		4.6
Other			1.0		1.5
Total debt			6,990.6		7,308.0
Long-term debt, current maturities			(647.5)		(549.7)
Total long-term debt			$6,343.1		$6,758.3

Public and 144A Notes

During the first quarter of 2018, pursuant to a registration rights agreement pertaining to the 144A Notes, the Company filed a registration statement regarding an offer to exchange each series of the 144A Notes for new issues of notes registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The registration statement was declared effective, and the Company commenced the exchange offer, on March 20, 2018. The exchange offer expired on April 17, 2018, with all of the 144A Notes being exchanged for new notes. The terms of each series of the new notes are substantially identical to the terms of the applicable series of 144A Notes, except that the new notes are registered as mentioned above and the transfer restrictions and registration rights and related special interest provisions applicable to the 144A Notes do not apply to the new notes.

The Company’s public notes, including the new notes received upon exchange of the 144A Notes, may be redeemed by the Company at its option at redemption prices that include accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. Upon the occurrence of a change of control accompanied by a downgrade of the public notes below investment grade rating, within a specified time period, the Company would be required to offer to repurchase the public notes at a price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase. The public notes are senior unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company and rank equally with all other senior and unsubordinated indebtedness of the Company.

Private Notes

The Company’s private notes may be redeemed by the Company at its option at redemption prices that include accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. Upon the occurrence of specified changes of control involving the Company, the Company would be required to offer to repurchase the private notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase. Additionally, the Company would be required to make a similar offer to repurchase the private notes upon the occurrence of specified merger events or asset sales involving the Company, when accompanied by a downgrade of the private notes below investment grade rating, within a specified time period. The private notes are unsecured senior obligations of the Company and rank equal in right of payment with all other senior indebtedness of the Company. The private notes shall be unconditionally guaranteed by subsidiaries of the Company in certain circumstances, as described in the note purchase agreement as amended.

Covenants

The Company is in compliance with its debt covenants as of June 30, 2018.

Net Interest Expense

Interest expense and interest income recognized during the second quarter and first six months of 2018 and 2017 were as follows:


	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Interest expense		$60.2		$63.7		$121.2		$130.3
Interest income		(3.9)		(4.1)		(8.5)		(8.2)
Interest expense, net		$56.3		$59.6		$112.7		$122.1

6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. The Company’s reporting units are its operating segments.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company completed its annual assessment for goodwill impairment across its eleven reporting units through a quantitative analysis, utilizing a discounted cash flow approach, which incorporates assumptions regarding future growth rates, terminal values, and discount rates. The two-step quantitative process involved comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to the reporting unit’s carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not to be impaired, and the second step of the impairment test is unnecessary. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test would be performed to measure the amount of impairment loss to be recorded, if any. The Company’s goodwill impairment assessment for 2018 indicated the estimated fair value of each of its reporting units exceeded its carrying amount by a significant margin.

If circumstances change significantly, the Company would also test a reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment during interim periods between its annual tests. There has been no impairment of goodwill in any of the years presented.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for each of the Company's reportable segments during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were as follows:


	Global		Global		Global
(millions)	Industrial		Institutional		Energy		Other		Total
December 31, 2017		$2,797.0		$1,027.0		$3,203.7		$139.4		$7,167.1
Segment change (a)		(71.7)		-		-		71.7		-
December 31, 2017 revised		$2,725.3		$1,027.0		$3,203.7		$211.1		$7,167.1
Current year business combinations (b)		18.8		11.7		-		-		30.5
Dispositions		-		-		(2.9)		-		(2.9)
Effect of foreign currency translation		(1.4)		(0.5)		(1.8)		(0.1)		(3.8)
June 30, 2018		$2,742.7		$1,038.2		$3,199.0		$211.0		$7,190.9

(a)

Relates to establishment of the Colloidal Technologies Group (“CTG”) operating segment, which is also a reporting unit. Goodwill was allocated to CTG based on a fair value allocation. The CTG operating segment is included in Other. CTG was previously reported in the Water reporting unit, which is aggregated and reported in the Global Industrial reportable segment. See Note 15 for further information.

(b)

Represents goodwill associated with current year acquisitions. The Company does not expect any of the goodwill related to businesses acquired to be tax deductible.

Other Intangible Assets

The Nalco trade name is the Company’s principal indefinite life intangible asset. During the second quarter of 2018, the Company completed its annual test for indefinite life intangible asset impairment using a relief from royalty method of assessment, which incorporates assumptions regarding future sales projections and discount rates. Based on this testing, the estimated fair value of the asset exceeded its carrying value by a significant margin; therefore, no adjustment to the $1.2 billion carrying value of this asset was necessary. There has been no impairment of the Nalco trade name intangible since it was acquired.

The Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization primarily include customer relationships, trademarks, patents and other technology. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is estimated based upon discounted future cash flow projections and other acceptable valuation methods. Other intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives. Total amortization expense related to other intangible assets during the second quarter of 2018 and 2017 was $80.1 million and $77.1 million, respectively. Total amortization expense related to other intangible assets during the first six months of 2018 and 2017 was $160.3 million and $150.9 million, respectively. Estimated amortization for the remaining six month period of 2018 related to other amortizable intangible assets is expected to be approximately $160 million.

7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, contingent consideration obligations, commercial paper, notes payable, foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap agreements and long-term debt.

Fair value is defined as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. A hierarchy has been established for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the most observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels:

Level 1 - Inputs are quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs include observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets.

Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data available.

The carrying amount and the estimated fair value for assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis were:


	June 30, 2018
(millions)	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Foreign currency forward contracts		$37.2		$-		$37.2		$-

Liabilities
Foreign currency forward contracts		81.1		-		81.1		-
Interest rate swap agreements		3.9		-		3.9		-


	December 31, 2017
(millions)	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Foreign currency forward contracts		$45.8		$-		$45.8		$-

Liabilities
Foreign currency forward contracts		153.1		-		153.1		-
Interest rate swap agreements		4.2		-		4.2		-

The carrying value of foreign currency forward contracts is at fair value, which is determined based on foreign currency exchange rates as of the balance sheet date, and is classified within Level 2. The carrying value of interest rate swap contracts is at fair value, which is determined based on current interest rates and forward interest rates as of the balance sheet date and is classified within Level 2. For purposes of fair value disclosure above, derivative values are presented gross. See further discussion of gross versus net presentation of the Company's derivatives within Note 8.

The carrying values of accounts receivable, accounts payable, cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, commercial paper and notes payable approximate fair value because of their short maturities, and as such are classified within Level 1.

The fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for the same or similar debt instruments (classified as Level 2). The carrying amount and the estimated fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities, held by the Company were:

June 30, 2018

December 31, 2017

Carrying

Fair

Carrying

Fair

Amount

Value

Amount

Value

Long-term debt, including current maturities

$6,990.6

$7,168.4

$7,308.0

$7,716.0

8. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING TRANSACTIONS

The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency debt to manage risks associated with foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and net investments in foreign operations. The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments of a speculative nature or for trading purposes. The Company records derivatives as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized immediately in earnings unless the derivative qualifies and is designated as a hedge. Cash flows from derivatives are classified in the statement of cash flows in the same category as the cash flows from the items subject to designated hedge or undesignated (economic) hedge relationships. The Company evaluates hedge effectiveness at inception and on an ongoing basis. If a derivative is no longer expected to be effective, hedge accounting is discontinued. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, is recorded in earnings.

The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance of counterparties for foreign currency forward exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements. The Company monitors its exposure to credit risk by using credit approvals and credit limits and by selecting major global banks and financial institutions as counterparties. The Company does not anticipate nonperformance by any of these counterparties, and therefore, recording a valuation allowance against the Company’s derivative balance is not considered necessary.

Derivative Positions Summary

Certain of the Company’s derivative transactions are subject to master netting arrangements that allow the Company to net settle contracts with the same counterparties. These arrangements generally do not call for collateral and as of the applicable dates presented in the following table, no cash collateral had been received or pledged related to the underlying derivatives.

The respective net amounts are included in other current assets, other assets, other current liabilities and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following table summarizes the gross fair value and the net value of the Company’s outstanding derivatives.



	Asset Derivatives				Liability Derivatives
	June 30		December 31		June 30		December 31
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency forward contracts		$8.4		$19.6		$62.0		$125.2
Interest rate swap agreements		-		-		3.9		4.2

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency forward contracts		28.8		26.2		19.1		27.9
Gross value of derivatives		37.2		45.8		85.0		157.3

Gross amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		(18.7)		(17.0)		(18.7)		(17.0)
Net value of derivatives		$18.5		$28.8		$66.3		$140.3

The following table summarizes the notional values of the Company’s outstanding derivatives.


	Notional Values
	June 30		December 31
(millions)	2018		2017

Foreign currency forward contracts		$ 4,343		$ 5,593
Interest rate agreements		650		950

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on forecasted foreign currency transactions, including inventory purchases and intercompany royalty, management fee and other payments. These forward contracts are designated as cash flow hedges. The effective portions of the changes in fair value of these contracts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) until the hedged items affect earnings, at which time the gain or loss is reclassified into the same line item in the Consolidated Statement of Income as the underlying exposure being hedged. Cash flow hedged transactions impacting AOCI are forecasted to occur within the next five years.

The Company occasionally enters into treasury lock and forward starting interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate exposure. During 2016 and 2015, the Company entered into and subsequently closed a series of treasury lock and forward starting interest rate swap agreements, in conjunction with its public debt issuances. The agreements were designated and effective as cash flow hedges of the expected interest payments related to the anticipated future debt issuances. Amounts recorded in AOCI are recognized as part of interest expense over the remaining life of the notes as the forecasted interest transactions occur.

The effective portion of gains and losses recognized into AOCI and earnings from derivative contracts that qualified as cash flow hedges was as follows:


		Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
		June 30				June 30
(millions)		2018		2017		2018		2017
Unrealized gain (loss) recognized into AOCI
Foreign currency forward contracts	AOCI (equity)		$97.6		$(69.3)		$52.7		$(73.6)
Interest rate swap agreements	AOCI (equity)		-		-		-		-
	Total		$97.6		$(69.3)		$52.7		$(73.6)

Gain (loss) recognized in income
Foreign currency forward contracts	Cost of sales		$(4.8)		$(8.3)		$(6.7)		$(10.8)
	SG&A		74.5		(68.0)		26.9		(57.8)
	Interest expense, net		8.5		5.8		16.8		8.7
	Subtotal		78.2		(70.5)		37.0		(59.9)

Interest rate swap agreements	Interest expense, net		(1.6)		(1.8)		(3.4)		(3.6)
	Total		$76.6		$(72.3)		$33.6		$(63.5)

Gains and losses recognized in income related to the ineffective portion of the Company’s cash flow hedges were insignificant during the first six months of 2018 and 2017.

Fair Value Hedges

The Company manages interest expense using a mix of fixed and floating rate debt. To help manage exposure to interest rate movements and to reduce borrowing costs, the Company may enter into interest rate swaps under which the Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional principal amount. The mark-to-market of these fair value hedges is recorded as gains or losses in interest expense and is offset by the gain or loss of the underlying debt instrument, which also is recorded in interest expense. These fair value hedges are highly effective and thus, there is no impact on earnings due to hedge ineffectiveness.

In January 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement that converted its $400 million 2.00% debt from a fixed interest rate to a floating interest rate. In January 2015, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements that converted its $300 million 1.55% debt and its $250 million 3.69% debt from fixed interest rates to floating interest rates. In May 2014, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement that converted its $500 million 1.45% debt from a fixed rate to a floating interest rate. The interest rate swap agreements tied to the Company’s $500 million 1.45% and $300 million 1.55% debt expired in December 2017 and January 2018, respectively, upon repayment of the underlying debt.

The interest rate swaps referenced above were designated as fair value hedges.

The impact on earnings from derivative contracts that qualified as fair value hedges was as follows:


		Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
		June 30				June 30
(millions)		2018		2017		2018		2017

Gain (loss) on derivative recognized income
Interest rate swap	Interest expense, net		$1.4		$1.3		$0.3		$(0.4)

Gain (loss) on hedged item recognized income
Interest rate swap	Interest expense, net		$(1.4)		$(1.3)		$(0.3)		$0.4

Net Investment Hedges

The Company designates its outstanding €1,150 million ($1,333 million at the end of the second quarter of 2018) senior notes (“euronotes”) and €100 million ($117 million at the end of the second quarter of 2018) Euro commercial paper and related accrued interest as hedges of existing foreign currency exposures related to investments the Company has in certain euro denominated functional currency subsidiaries.

The revaluation gains and losses on the euronotes and Euro commercial paper, which are designated and effective as hedges of the Company’s net investments, have been included as a component of the cumulative translation adjustment account, and were as follows:


	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revaluation gains (losses), net of tax		$49.0		$(55.6)		$22.8		$(52.8)

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company also uses foreign currency forward contracts to offset its exposure to the change in value of certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities held at foreign subsidiaries, primarily receivables and payables, which are remeasured at the end of each period. Although the contracts are effective economic hedges, they are not designated as accounting hedges. Therefore, changes in the value of these derivatives are recognized immediately in earnings, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect of the related foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities.

The impact on earnings from derivative contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments was as follows:


		Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
		June 30				June 30
(millions)		2018		2017		2018		2017
Gain (loss) recognized in income
Foreign currency forward contracts	SG&A		$16.3		$(6.1)		$(2.1)		$(8.7)
	Interest expense, net		2.1		(1.9)		3.7		(3.3)
	Total		$18.4		$(8.0)		$1.6		$(12.0)

The amounts recognized in SG&A above offset the earnings impact of the related foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. The amounts recognized in interest expense above represent the difference between the spot and forward rates of the hedges as a result of interest rate differentials.

9. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) INFORMATION

Other comprehensive income (loss) includes net income, foreign currency translation adjustments, unrecognized gains and losses on securities, defined benefit pension and postretirement plan adjustments, gains and losses on derivative instruments designated and effective as cash flow hedges and non-derivative instruments designated and effective as foreign currency net investment hedges that are charged or credited to the accumulated other comprehensive loss account in shareholders’ equity.

The following tables provide other comprehensive income information related to the Company’s derivatives and hedging instruments and pension and postretirement benefits. See Note 8 for additional information related to the Company’s derivatives and hedging transactions. See Note 13 for additional information related to the Company’s pension and postretirement benefits activity.


	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Derivative and Hedging Instruments
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative & hedging instruments
Amount recognized in AOCI		$97.6		$(69.3)		$52.7		$(73.6)
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCI into income
Cost of sales		4.8		8.3		6.7		10.8
SG&A		(74.5)		68.0		(26.9)		57.8
Interest (income) expense, net		(6.9)		(4.0)		(13.4)		(5.1)
		(76.6)		72.3		(33.6)		63.5
Other activity		0.2		0.4		(0.1)		0.5
Tax impact		(3.8)		(2.5)		(3.7)		1.3
Net of tax		$17.4		$0.9		$15.3		$(8.3)

Pension and Postretirement Benefits
Amount reclassified from AOCI into income
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service costs		7.7		5.1		15.4		10.0
Postretirement benefits changes		18.9		-		18.9		-
		26.6		5.1		34.3		10.0
Other activity		10.1		-		4.6		-
Tax impact		(6.3)		(1.5)		(8.2)		(3.1)
Net of tax		$30.4		$3.6		$30.7		$6.9

The following table summarizes the derivative and pension and postretirement benefit amounts reclassified from AOCI into income.


	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
	2018		2017		2018		2017
(millions)
Derivative losses (gains) reclassified from AOCI into income, net of tax		$(59.8)		$55.1		$(26.3)		$47.6

Pension and postretirement benefits net actuarial losses
and prior services costs reclassified from AOCI into income, net of tax		$5.8		$3.6		$11.5		$6.9

10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Share Repurchase Authorization

In February 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 20 million shares of its common stock, including shares to be repurchased under Rule 10b5–1. As of June 30, 2018, 10,875,427 shares remained to be repurchased under the Company’s repurchase authorization. The Company intends to repurchase all shares under its authorization, for which no expiration date has been established, in open market or privately negotiated transactions, subject to market conditions.

Accelerated Stock Repurchase (“ASR”) Agreements

In February 2017, the Company entered into an ASR agreement to repurchase $300 million of its common stock and received 2,077,224 shares of its common stock, which was approximately 85% of the total number of shares the Company expected to be repurchased under the ASR, based on the price of the Company’s common stock at that time. In connection with the final settlement of the ASR agreement in June 2017, the Company received an additional 286,620 shares of common stock. The final per share purchase price and the total number of shares to be repurchased was based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s common stock during the term of the agreements and all shares acquired were recorded as treasury stock.

During the open periods in 2017, the ASR was not dilutive to the Company’s earnings per share calculations, nor did it trigger the two-class earnings per share methodology. Additionally, the unsettled portion of ASR during the open periods met the criteria to be accounted for as a forward contract indexed to the Company’s stock and qualified as equity transactions.

The initial delivery of shares, as well as the additional receipt of shares at settlement resulted in a reduction to the Company’s common stock outstanding used to calculate earnings per share.

Share Repurchases

During the first six months of 2018, the Company reacquired 1,609,470 shares of its common stock, of which 1,482,683 related to share repurchases through open market or private purchases, and 126,787 related to shares withheld for taxes on the exercise of stock options and the vesting of stock awards and units.

During all of 2017, the Company reacquired 4,707,629 shares of its common stock, of which 4,414,416 related to share repurchases through open market or private purchases, including the February 2017 ASR discussed above, and 293,213 related to shares withheld for taxes on the exercise of stock options and the vesting of stock awards and units.

11. EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ECOLAB PER COMMON SHARE (“EPS”)

The difference in the weighted average common shares outstanding for calculating basic and diluted EPS is a result of the dilution associated with the Company’s equity compensation plans. As noted in the table below, certain stock options and units outstanding under these equity compensation plans were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because they would not have had a dilutive effect.

The computations of the basic and diluted EPS amounts were as follows:



	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions, except per share)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Net income attributable to Ecolab		$351.3		$294.8		$598.6		$548.8

Weighted-average common shares outstanding
Basic		288.8		289.8		288.7		290.2
Effect of dilutive stock options and units		4.5		4.3		4.3		4.4
Diluted		293.3		294.1		293.0		294.6

Basic EPS		$ 1.22		$ 1.02		$ 2.07		$ 1.89
Diluted EPS		$ 1.20		$ 1.00		$ 2.04		$ 1.86

Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted EPS		1.6		2.0		1.6		3.6

12. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s tax rate was 22.8% and 21.4% for the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively and 22.4% and 19.6% for the first six months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The change in the Company’s tax rate for the second quarter and first six months of 2018 compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2017 was driven primarily by discrete tax items, tax planning, and a lower U.S. corporate tax rate.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted, which reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and created new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The Tax Act added many new provisions including changes to bonus depreciation, the deduction for executive compensation and interest expense, a tax on global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”), the base erosion anti abuse tax (“BEAT”) and a deduction for foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”). The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB 118”), which provides a measurement period of up to one year from the Tax Act’s enactment date to complete the accounting for the effects of the Tax Act. The Company continues to assess the impact of the provisions of the Act, and has not yet elected an accounting policy related to GILTI.

The Company recorded an estimate of the one-time transition tax in the fourth quarter of 2017, and in the second quarter and first six months of 2018 recorded additional discrete expense of $18.2 million and $29.5 million, respectively, primarily due to the issuance of technical guidance during the respective quarters. The one-time transition tax is subject to finalization of estimates of assets and liabilities at future dates, the calculation of deemed repatriation of foreign income and the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences. The Company’s estimates are subject to continued technical guidance which may change the provisional amounts recorded in the financial statements, and will be evaluated throughout the measurement period, as permitted by SAB 118.

The Company recognized total net expenses related to discrete tax items of $12.1 million and $12.0 million during the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively. Expense of $18.2 million and $29.5 million for the second quarter and first six months, respectively, was related to the one-time transition tax. Additionally, $6.0 million and $12.8 million of share-based compensation excess tax benefit was recorded in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively. The remaining discrete tax benefits for the first six months of 2018 were primarily related to changes in the Company’s state tax profile and reserves in non-U.S. jurisdictions for the quarter.

The Company recognized net benefits related to discrete tax items of $9.7 million and $32.5 million during the second quarter and first six months of 2017, respectively, primarily driven by the $10.8 million and $26.8 million of share-based compensation excess tax benefits. The remaining discrete tax benefits were primarily related to the release of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the expiration of statute of limitations in non-U.S. jurisdictions.

13. PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT PLANS

The Company has a non-contributory qualified defined benefit pension plan covering the majority of its U.S. employees. The Company also has U.S. non-contributory non-qualified defined benefit plans, which provide for benefits to employees in excess of limits permitted under its U.S. pension plans. Various international subsidiaries also have defined benefit pension plans. The Company provides postretirement health care benefits to certain U.S. employees and retirees.

The components of net periodic pension and postretirement health care benefit costs for the second quarter ended June 30 are as follows:


	U.S.				International				U.S. Postretirement
	Pension				Pension				Health Care
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017
Service cost		$18.6		$17.5		$8.5		$7.6		$0.9		$0.7
Interest cost on benefit obligation		20.8		20.9		7.4		6.9		1.5		1.5
Expected return on plan assets		(40.5)		(37.4)		(16.4)		(13.7)		(0.1)		(0.1)
Recognition of net actuarial (gain) loss		9.8		7.2		4.4		4.5		(0.5)		(0.6)
Amortization of prior service
cost (benefit)		(1.7)		(1.7)		(0.2)		(0.2)		(4.1)		(4.2)
Settlements/Curtailments
Total expense (benefit)		$7.0		$6.5		$3.7		$5.1		$(2.3)		$(2.7)

The components of net periodic pension and postretirement health care benefit costs for the six months ended June 30 are as follows:


	U.S.				International				U.S. Postretirement
	Pension				Pension				Health Care
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017
Service cost		$37.2		$35.1		$17.0		$15.1		$1.8		$1.3
Interest cost on benefit obligation		41.6		41.7		14.9		13.8		3.0		2.9
Expected return on plan assets		(81.0)		(74.9)		(32.7)		(27.4)		(0.2)		(0.3)
Recognition of net actuarial (gain) loss		19.6		14.3		8.8		8.9		(1.0)		(1.2)
Amortization of prior service
cost (benefit)		(3.4)		(3.4)		(0.4)		(0.3)		(8.2)		(8.3)
Total expense (benefit)		$14.0		$12.8		$7.6		$10.1		$(4.6)		$(5.6)

Service cost is included with employee compensation cost in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Income while all other components are included in other (income) expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income. For more information about the adoption of the pension standard relating to the classification of components of pension expense, refer to Note 17.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company is in compliance with all funding requirements of its U.S. pension and postretirement health care plans. During the first six months of 2018, the Company made payments of $3 million to its U.S. non-contributory non-qualified defined benefit plans and estimates it will make additional payments of approximately $3 million to such plans during the remainder of 2018.

The Company contributed $25 million to its international pension benefit plans during the first six months of 2018. The Company estimates it will contribute approximately an additional $20 million to such plans during the remainder of 2018.

During the first six months of 2018, the Company made payments of $6 million to its U.S. postretirement health care benefit plans and estimates it will make additional payments of approximately $6 million to such plans during the remainder of 2018.

During the second quarter ended June 30, 2018, an amendment to eligibility requirements of the U.S. retiree death benefit plan was approved and communicated to all eligible participants. As a result of the approval and communication to the beneficiaries, the plan was re-measured, resulting in an $18.9 million ($14.4 million after tax), reduction of postretirement benefit obligations, with a corresponding impact to accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). The re-measurement was completed using a discount rate of 4.36%. As a result of this action, the Company’s U.S. postretirement health care costs are expected to decrease by $4.5 million for the remainder of 2018.

14. REVENUES

Revenue from product and sold equipment is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied, which generally occurs when the transfer of the product or equipment occurs, which is upon delivery. Revenue from service and leased equipment is recognized when the services are provided, or the customer receives the benefit from the leased equipment, which is over time. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing service. Concurrent with the adoption of the new revenue standard, the Company reclassified certain costs from selling, general and administrative expenses to cost of sales, to align the costs of providing the service with the recognition of service revenue.

Contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the consideration is allocated between products and services based on their stand-alone selling prices. Stand-alone selling prices are generally based on the prices charged to customers or using an expected cost plus margin. Judgment was used in determining the amount of service that is embedded within the contracts, which is based on the amount of time spent on the performance obligation activities. The level of effort, including the estimated margin that would be charged, is used to determine the amount of service revenue. Depending on the terms of the contract, the Company may defer the recognition of revenue when a future performance obligation has not yet occurred.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight are recognized in cost of sales when control over the product has transferred to the customer.

Other estimates used in recognizing revenue include allocating variable consideration to customer programs and incentive offerings, including pricing arrangements, promotions and other volume-based incentives at the time the sale is recorded. These estimates are based primarily on historical experience and anticipated performance over the contract period. Based on the certainty in estimating these amounts, they are included in the transaction price of the contracts and the associated remaining performance obligations. The Company recognizes revenue when collection of the consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services is probable.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company elected to apply the portfolio approach primarily within each operating segment by geographical region. The new revenue standard can be applied to a portfolio of contracts with similar characteristics if it is reasonable that the effects of applying the standard at the portfolio would not be significantly different than applying the standard at the individual contract level. Application of the portfolio approach was focused on those characteristics that have the most significant accounting consequences in terms of their effect on the timing of revenue recognition or the amount of revenue recognized. The Company determined the key criteria to assess with respect to the portfolio approach, including the related deliverables, the characteristics of the customers and the timing and transfer of goods and services, which most closely aligned within the operating segments. In addition, the accountability for the business operations, as well as the operational decisions on how to go to market and the product offerings, are performed at the operating segment level.

Revenue Recognition

Product and Sold Equipment

Product revenue is generated from cleaning, sanitizing, water and energy products provided to customers in the Global Industrial, Global Institutional and Global Energy segments. In addition, the Company sells equipment which may be used in combination with its specialized products. Revenue recognized from product and sold equipment is recognized at the point in time when the obligations in the contract with the customer are satisfied, which generally occurs with the transfer of the product or delivery of the equipment.

Service and Lease Equipment

Service and lease equipment revenue is generated from providing services or leasing equipment to customers. Service offerings include installing or repairing certain types of equipment, activities that supplement or replace headcount at the customer location, or fulfilling deliverables included in the contract. Services provided in the Other segment include Pest Elimination and, prior to the Equipment Care sale in 2017, kitchen equipment repair and maintenance. Global Energy services include process and water treatment offerings to the global petroleum and petrochemical industries, while services in the Global Industrial segment are associated with water treatment and paper process applications. Global Institutional services include water treatment programs and process applications, and wash process solutions. Revenue recognized from leased equipment primarily relates to warewashing equipment.

Service and leased equipment revenue is recognized over time and aligns with when the services are provided or when the customer receives the benefit of the leased equipment. Service revenue is recognized over time utilizing an input method and aligns with when the services are provided. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date because the effort provided by the field selling and service organization represents services provided, which corresponds with the transfer of control.

Revenue for leased equipment is accounted for under Topic 840 Leases and recognized on a straight-line basis over the length of the lease contract.

The following table shows principal activities, separated by reportable segments, from which the Company generates its revenue. For more information about the Company’s reportable segments, refer to Note 15.

Net sales at public exchange rates by reportable segment for the second quarter and six months ended June 30 are as follows:


	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Global Industrial
Product and sold equipment		$1,148.5		$1,045.1		$2,204.1		$2,008.8
Service and lease equipment		178.7		163.7		349.1		314.2
Global Institutional
Product and sold equipment		1,128.4		1,057.0		2,167.0		1,984.6
Service and lease equipment		168.3		160.7		335.9		307.6
Global Energy
Product and sold equipment		750.5		702.7		1,484.9		1,367.1
Service and lease equipment		94.7		94.7		203.2		188.2
Other
Product and sold equipment		20.8		42.4		39.4		84.5
Service and lease equipment		199.7		193.7		376.9		367.4
Total
Total product and sold equipment		$3,048.2		$2,847.2		$5,895.4		$5,445.0
Total service and lease equipment		641.4		612.8		1,265.1		1,177.4

Net sales at public exchange rates by geographic region for the second quarter ended June 30 are as follows:


	Global				Global				Global
	Industrial				Institutional				Energy				Other
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017

North America		$595.9		$548.8		$877.4		$835.9		$487.7		$448.1		$149.4		$173.9
Europe		336.3		288.2		270.1		240.4		104.0		98.3		33.5		29.2
Asia Pacific		171.4		164.7		64.2		59.5		67.0		63.9		10.0		7.9
Latin America		119.9		111.1		42.4		42.6		53.6		62.6		12.0		11.3
Middle East and Africa		33.9		32.1		15.3		15.7		114.8		107.6		2.8		2.9
Greater China		69.8		63.7		27.3		23.6		18.1		16.9		12.8		11.1
Total		$1,327.2		$1,208.6		$1,296.7		$1,217.7		$845.2		$797.4		$220.5		$236.3

Net sales at public exchange rates by geographic region for the six months ended June 30 are as follows:


	Global				Global				Global
	Industrial				Institutional				Energy				Other
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017		2018		2017

North America		$1,152.7		$1,070.0		$1,694.3		$1,604.3		$972.7		$878.2		$279.4		$334.2
Europe		633.5		538.1		514.7		416.5		205.8		184.5		63.8		53.2
Asia Pacific		332.3		314.2		124.5		114.5		134.4		121.8		18.9		15.9
Latin America		229.2		212.8		83.6		81.1		108.2		121.1		23.7		22.0
Middle East and Africa		64.6		60.6		29.2		27.2		230.6		216.9		5.7		5.6
Greater China		140.9		127.1		56.6		48.6		36.4		32.8		24.8		21.2
Total		$2,553.2		$2,322.8		$2,502.9		$2,292.2		$1,688.1		$1,555.3		$416.3		$452.1

Net sales by geographic region were determined based on origin of sale.

Contract Liability

Payments received from customers are based on invoices or billing schedules as established in contracts with customers. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. The contract liability relates to billings in advance of performance (primarily service obligations) under the contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the performance obligation has been performed, which primarily occurs during the subsequent quarter.



	June 30		June 30
(millions)	2018		2017

Contract liability as of beginning of period		$79.0		$68.6

Revenue recognized in the period from:
Amounts included in the contract liability at the beginning of the period		(79.0)		(68.6)

Increases due to billings excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period		87.1		83.6
Business combination		0.2		2.2

Contract liability as of end of period		$87.3		$85.8

15. OPERATING SEGMENTS

The Company’s organizational structure consists of global business unit and global regional leadership teams. The Company’s operating segments follow its commercial and product-based activities and are based on engagement in business activities, availability of discrete financial information and review of operating results by the Chief Operating Decision Maker at the identified operating segment level.

The Company’s operating segments that share similar economic characteristics and future prospects, nature of the products and production processes, end-use markets, channels of distribution and regulatory environment have been aggregated into three reportable segments: Global Industrial, Global Institutional and Global Energy. The Company’s operating segments that do not meet the quantitative criteria to be separately reported have been combined into the Other segment. The Company provides similar information for the Other segment as the Company considers the information regarding its underlying operating segments as useful in understanding its consolidated results.

Comparability of Reportable Segments

Refer to Note 17 for additional information regarding adoption of new accounting standards for the changes presented in the “Revenue Standard Adoption” and “Pension Standard Adoption” columns in the table below.

Effective in the first quarter of 2018, the Company established the Colloidal Technologies Group (“CTG”) operating segment. The CTG operating segment has not been aggregated, based on qualitative criteria, and is included in Other. CTG produces and sells colloidal silica, which is comprised of nano-sized particles of silica in water; these products and associated programs are used primarily for binding and polishing applications. CTG was previously recorded in the Water operating segment which is aggregated into the Global Industrial reportable segment. The Company also made insignificant changes to its reportable segments, including the movement of certain customers and cost allocations between reportable segments. These changes are presented in "Segment Change" column of the table below.

The Company evaluates the performance of its non-U.S. dollar functional currency international operations based on fixed currency exchange rates, which eliminates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on its international operations. Fixed currency amounts are updated annually at the beginning of each year based on translation into U.S. dollars at foreign currency exchange rates established by management, with all periods presented using such rates. Fixed currency rates are generally based on existing market rates at the time they are established. The “Fixed Currency Rate Change” column shown in the following table reflects the impact on previously reported values related to fixed currency exchange rates established by management at the beginning of 2018.

The impact of the preceding changes on previously reported full year 2017 reportable segment net sales and operating income is summarized as follows:


	December 31, 2017
	2017 Reported		Revenue		Pension				Fixed	2017 Revised
	Valued at 2017		Standard		Standard		Segment		Currency	Valued at 2018
(millions)	Management Rates		Adoption		Adoption		Change		Rate Change	Management Rates
Net Sales
Global Industrial		$4,878.5		$(0.8)		$-		$(56.9)	$286.0	$5,106.8
Global Institutional		4,744.9		(1.4)		-		(23.7)	190.2	4,910.0
Global Energy		3,199.3		-		-		0.7	81.7	3,281.7
Other		823.5		-		-		79.9	28.1	931.5
Subtotal at fixed currency rates		13,646.2		(2.2)		-		-	586.0	14,230.0
Effect of foreign currency translation		192.1		(0.2)		-		-	(586.0)	(394.1)
Consolidated reported GAAP net sales		$13,838.3		$(2.4)		$-		$-	$-	$13,835.9

Operating Income
Global Industrial		$722.0		$(0.8)		$(12.8)		$2.6	$47.5	$758.5
Global Institutional		985.7		(1.4)		(13.1)		(14.9)	23.5	979.8
Global Energy		338.5		-		(16.7)		(0.7)	15.0	336.1
Other		149.3		-		(24.5)		13.0	4.7	142.5
Corporate		(208.6)		-		-		-	(5.3)	(213.9)
Subtotal at fixed currency rates		1,986.9		(2.2)		(67.1)		-	85.4	2,003.0
Effect of foreign currency translation		32.9		(0.2)		(0.2)		-	(85.4)	(52.9)
Consolidated reported GAAP operating income		$2,019.8		$(2.4)		$(67.3)		$-	$-	$1,950.1

Reportable Segment Information

Financial information for each of the Company’s reportable segments, including the impact of all preceding segment structure changes, is as follows:


	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net Sales
Global Industrial		$1,348.4		$1,267.0		$2,589.8		$2,445.3
Global Institutional		1,311.7		1,262.8		2,529.7		2,377.4
Global Energy		854.0		813.4		1,701.1		1,589.1
Other		222.3		242.2		419.7		464.0
Subtotal at fixed currency rates		3,736.4		3,585.4		7,240.3		6,875.8
Effect of foreign currency translation		(46.8)		(125.4)		(79.8)		(253.4)
Consolidated reported GAAP net sales		$3,689.6		$3,460.0		$7,160.5		$6,622.4

Operating Income
Global Industrial		$173.1		$176.4		$303.0		$312.0
Global Institutional		252.0		257.1		450.7		443.9
Global Energy		91.4		72.1		162.3		143.0
Other		39.3		34.2		66.4		61.3
Corporate		(54.9)		(104.0)		(124.0)		(154.7)
Subtotal at fixed currency rates		500.9		435.8		858.4		805.5
Effect of foreign currency translation		(6.3)		(16.2)		(9.5)		(28.7)
Consolidated reported GAAP operating income		$494.6		$419.6		$848.9		$776.8

The profitability of the Company’s operating segments is evaluated by management based on operating income. The Company has no intersegment revenues.

Consistent with the Company’s internal management reporting, Corporate amounts in the table above include amortization specifically from the Nalco merger and special (gains) and charges, as discussed in Note 2, that are not allocated to the Company’s reportable segments.

16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The Company is subject to various claims and contingencies related to, among other things, workers’ compensation, general liability (including product liability), automobile claims, health care claims, income taxes, environmental matters and lawsuits. The Company also has contractual obligations related to lease commitments.

Insurance

Globally, the Company has insurance policies with varying deductible levels for property and casualty losses. The Company is insured for losses in excess of these deductibles, subject to policy terms and conditions and has recorded both a liability and an offsetting receivable for amounts in excess of these deductibles. The Company is self-insured for health care claims for eligible participating employees, subject to certain deductibles and limitations. The Company determines its liabilities for claims on an actuarial basis.

Litigation and Environmental Matters

The Company and certain subsidiaries are party to various lawsuits, claims and environmental actions that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. These include from time to time antitrust, commercial, patent infringement, product liability and wage hour lawsuits, as well as possible obligations to investigate and mitigate the effects on the environment of the disposal or release of certain chemical substances at various sites, such as Superfund sites and other operating or closed facilities. The Company has established accruals for certain lawsuits, claims and environmental matters. The Company currently believes that there is not a reasonably possible risk of material loss in excess of the amounts accrued related to these legal matters. Because litigation is inherently uncertain, and unfavorable rulings or developments could occur, there can be no certainty that the Company may not ultimately incur charges in excess of recorded liabilities. A future adverse ruling, settlement or unfavorable development could result in future charges that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows in the period in which they are recorded. The Company currently believes that such future charges related to suits and legal claims, if any, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position.

Environmental Matters

The Company is currently participating in environmental assessments and remediation at approximately 45 locations, the majority of which are in the U.S., and environmental liabilities have been accrued reflecting management’s best estimate of future costs. Potential insurance reimbursements are not anticipated in the Company’s accruals for environmental liabilities.

Matters Related to Deepwater Horizon Incident Response

On April 22, 2010, the deepwater drilling platform, the Deepwater Horizon, operated by a subsidiary of BP plc, sank in the Gulf of Mexico after a catastrophic explosion and fire that began on April 20, 2010. A massive oil spill resulted. Approximately one week following the incident, subsidiaries of BP plc, under the authorization of the responding federal agencies, formally requested Nalco Company, now an indirect subsidiary of Ecolab, to supply large quantities of COREXIT® 9500, a Nalco oil dispersant product listed on the U.S. EPA National Contingency Plan Product Schedule. Nalco Company responded immediately by providing available COREXIT and increasing production to supply the product to BP’s subsidiaries for use, as authorized and directed by agencies of the federal government throughout the incident. Prior to the incident, Nalco and its subsidiaries had not provided products or services or otherwise had any involvement with the Deepwater Horizon platform. On July 15, 2010, BP announced that it had capped the leaking well, and the application of dispersants by the responding parties ceased shortly thereafter.

On May 1, 2010, the President appointed retired U.S. Coast Guard Commandant Admiral Thad Allen to serve as the National Incident Commander in charge of the coordination of the response to the incident at the national level. The EPA directed numerous tests of all the dispersants on the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule, including those provided by Nalco Company, “to ensure decisions about ongoing dispersant use in the Gulf of Mexico are grounded in the best available science.” Nalco Company cooperated with this testing process and continued to supply COREXIT, as requested by BP and government authorities. The use of dispersants by the responding parties was one tool used by the government and BP to avoid and reduce damage to the Gulf area from the spill.

In connection with its provision of COREXIT, Nalco Company has been named in several lawsuits as described below.

Cases arising out of the Deepwater Horizon accident were administratively transferred for pre-trial purposes to a judge in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana with other related cases under In Re: Oil Spill by the Oil Rig “Deepwater Horizon” in the Gulf of Mexico, on April 20, 2010, Case No. 10-md-02179 (E.D. La.) (“MDL 2179”). Nalco Company was named, along with other unaffiliated defendants, in six putative class action complaints related to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and 21 complaints filed by individuals. Those complaints were consolidated in MDL 2179. The complaints generally allege, among other things, strict liability and negligence relating to the use of our Corexit dispersant in connection with the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Pursuant to orders issued by the Court in MDL 2179, the claims were consolidated in several master complaints, including one naming Nalco Company and others who responded to the Gulf Oil Spill (known as the “B3 Master Complaint”). On May 18, 2012, Nalco filed a motion for summary judgment against the claims in the “B3” Master Complaint, on the grounds that: (i) Plaintiffs’ claims are preempted by the comprehensive oil spill response scheme set forth in the Clean Water Act and National Contingency Plan; and (ii) Nalco is entitled to derivative immunity from suit. On November 28, 2012, the Court granted Nalco’s motion and dismissed with prejudice the claims in the “B3” Master Complaint asserted against Nalco. The Court held that such claims were preempted by the Clean Water Act and National Contingency Plan. Because claims in the “B3” Master Complaint remained pending against other defendants, the Court’s decision was not a “final judgment” for purposes of appeal. Under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a), plaintiffs will have 30 days after entry of final judgment to appeal the Court’s decision.

In December 2012 and January 2013, the MDL 2179 court issued final orders approving two settlements between BP and Plaintiffs’ Class Counsel: (1) a proposed Medical Benefits Class Action Settlement; and (2) a proposed Economic and Property Damages Class Action Settlement. Pursuant to the proposed settlements, class members agree to release claims against BP and other released parties, including Nalco Company and its related entities.

Nalco Company, the incident defendants and the other responder defendants have been named as first party defendants by Transocean Deepwater Drilling, Inc. and its affiliates (the “Transocean Entities”) (In re the Complaint and Petition of Triton Asset Leasing GmbH, et al, MDL No. 2179, Civil Action 10-2771). In April and May 2011, the Transocean Entities, Cameron International Corporation, Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., M-I L.L.C., Weatherford U.S., L.P. and Weatherford International, Inc. (collectively, the “Cross Claimants”) filed cross claims in MDL 2179 against Nalco Company and other unaffiliated cross defendants. The Cross Claimants generally allege, among other things, that if they are found liable for damages resulting from the Deepwater Horizon explosion, oil spill and/or spill response, they are entitled to indemnity or contribution from the cross defendants.

In April and June 2011, in support of its defense of the claims against it, Nalco Company filed counterclaims against the Cross Claimants. In its counterclaims, Nalco Company generally alleges that if it is found liable for damages resulting from the Deepwater Horizon explosion, oil spill and/or spill response, it is entitled to contribution or indemnity from the Cross Claimants.

In May 2016, Nalco was named in nine additional complaints filed by individuals alleging, among other things, business and economic loss resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (“B1” claims). In April 2017, Nalco was named in two additional complaints filed by individuals seeking, among other things, business and economic loss resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The plaintiffs in these lawsuits are generally seeking awards of unspecified compensatory and punitive damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. These actions have been consolidated in the MDL and the Company expects they will be dismissed pursuant to the Court’s November 28, 2012 order granting Nalco’s motion for summary judgment.

On February 22, 2017, the Court dismissed the “B3” Master Complaint and ordered that Plaintiffs who had previously filed a claim that fell within the scope of the “B3” Master Complaint and who had “opted out” of and not released their claims under the Medical Benefits Class Action Settlement either: (1) complete a sworn statement indicating, among other things, that they opted out of the Medical Benefits Class Action Settlement (to be completed by Plaintiffs who previously filed an individual complaint); or (2) file an individual lawsuit attaching the sworn statement as an exhibit, by a deadline date set by the Court.

On July 18, 2017, the Court dismissed with prejudice certain “B3” claims not complying with the February 22, 2017 order. On July 19, 2017, the Court dismissed with prejudice certain “B1” claims not complying with three prior orders pertaining to “B1” claims and requiring, among other things, “B1” Plaintiffs to file sworn statements detailing their claim. On January 11, 2018, the Court entered an order requiring the remaining “B1” Plaintiffs to file sworn statements of causation and damages by no later than April 11, 2018, pursuant to which the Court will determine which “B1” Plaintiffs are entitled to pursue their claims. On April 9, 2018, the Court entered an order requiring the remaining “B3” Plaintiffs to file sworn, particularized statements of their claims no later than July 9, 2018, pursuant to which the Court will then determine which “B3” Plaintiffs are entitled to further pursue their claims. There currently remain nine cases pending against Nalco, all of which are expected to ultimately be dismissed pursuant to the Court’s November 28, 2012 order granting Nalco’s motion for summary judgment.

The Company believes the claims asserted against Nalco Company are without merit and intends to defend these lawsuits vigorously. The Company also believes that it has rights to contribution and/or indemnification (including legal expenses) from third parties. However, the Company cannot predict the outcome of these lawsuits, the involvement it might have in these matters in the future, or the potential for future litigation.

17. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS


			Required
	Date of		Date of	Effect on the
Standard	Issuance	Description	Adoption	Financial Statements

Standards that are not yet adopted:

ASU 2018-07 - Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting	June 2018	The amendments in this update expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment awards issued to nonemployees. Prior to this ASU, the accounting guidance for nonemployee share-based payments differed from that governing employee awards, particularly regarding measurement date and the impact of any performance conditions.	January 1, 2019	Adoption of the ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

ASU 2018-02 - Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	February 2018	Amends ASC 220 to allow entities to reclassify stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cut and Jobs Act (“the Act”) from accumulated OCI to retained earnings. Tax effects stranded in OCI for reasons other than the impact of the Act cannot be reclassified.	January 1, 2019	The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption and accounting policy elections required to be made.

ASU 2017-12 - Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities	August 2017	Amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815. Simplifies the guidance on the application of hedge accounting and the requirements for hedge documentation and effectiveness testing. Requires presentation of all items that affect earnings in the same income statement line as the hedged item.	January 1, 2019	The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption, and certain transition elections provided for by the ASU.

ASU 2017-04 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment	January 2017	Simplifies subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill.	January 1, 2020	The ASU must be applied on a prospective basis upon adoption. Adoption of the ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments	June 2016	Addresses the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of credit losses on trade and reinsurance receivables, loans, debt securities, net investments in leases, off-balance-sheet credit exposures and certain other instruments. Amends guidance on reporting credit losses from an incurred model to an expected model for assets held at amortized cost, such as accounts receivable, loans and held-to-maturity debt securities. Additional disclosures will also be required.	January 1, 2020	Adoption of the standard may change how the allowance for trade and other receivables is calculated. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption.

Lease ASUs: ASU 2016-02 - Leases (Topic 842) ASU 2018-01 - Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient ASU 2018-10 – Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases	Various	Introduces the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous guidance.	January 1, 2019	See additional information regarding the impact of this guidance on the Company's financial statements at the bottom of this table in note (a).

(a)

As part of implementing the new standard, the Company has reviewed current accounting policies, and is in the process of developing future policies and electing practical expedients allowed under both the new and tentatively proposed accounting guidance. The Company has implemented a global lease accounting software, which is designed to facilitate adoption and reporting in accordance with the standard. The Company is currently accumulating leases within the software, and the project team is in the final stages of designing future processes for adherence to ongoing reporting requirements. The Company expects most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption and is evaluating other impacts on the consolidated financial statements. The new standard currently requires a modified retrospective transition to be applied at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the year of adoption; however, this requirement may be relieved based upon a tentative decision made by the FASB in November of 2017.


	Date of		Date of	Effect on the
Standard	Issuance	Description	Adoption	Financial Statements

Standards that were adopted:

ASU 2017-09 - Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting	May 2017	Clarifies the definition of what's considered a substantive modification related to a change in terms or conditions of a share-based payment award and when it's appropriate to apply modification accounting. The current definition of "modification" is too broad, resulting in diverse interpretations of what's considered a substantive modification.	January 1, 2018	Adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

ASU 2017-05 - Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Topic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets	February 2017	Clarifies the scope of guidance on nonfinancial asset derecognition (ASC 610-20) including the accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The ASU defines "in-substance nonfinancial asset". Also clarifies the derecognition of all businesses should be accounted for in accordance with derecognition and deconsolidation guidance in 810-10.	January 1, 2018	Adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

ASU 2017-01 - Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business	January 2017	Clarifies the definition of a business and provides guidance on whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.	January 1, 2018	Adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

ASU 2016-16 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory	October 2016	Simplifies the guidance on the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory (e.g. intellectual property).	January 1, 2018	During the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted the accounting guidance issued in October 2016 that requires recognition of the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets, other than inventory, in the period in which the transfer occurs. Under previous guidance the income tax effects of intercompany transfers of assets were deferred until the asset had been sold to an outside party or otherwise recognized (e.g., depreciated, amortized, impaired). Upon adoption of the standard, only the income tax effects of intercompany transfers of inventory are deferred. The standard was adopted using the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effective adjustment of $43.6 million to opening retained earnings on the date of adoption. Income tax effects of intra-entity inventory transfers will continue to be deferred until the inventory is sold.

ASU 2016-15 - Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments	August 2016	The guidance's objective is to reduce diversity in practice of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flow.	January 1, 2018	Adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and elected to account for distributions received from equity method investees as cash flows from operating activities using the nature of distribution approach accounting policy election.

ASU 2014-09 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers

On January 1, 2018, the Company retrospectively adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and the related amendments (“the new revenue standard”). The new revenue standard was applied to all periods presented and the cumulative effect of applying the standard is recognized at the beginning of the earliest year presented. The Company identified additional performance obligations primarily related to performing service activities, which were explicitly or implicitly included in contracts with customers. These performance obligations, when aggregated with service revenue currently reported, represent more than 10% of sales. Upon adoption of the new standard, service and lease revenue are reported separately from product and sold equipment revenue. Concurrent with the adoption of the new revenue standard, the Company reclassified certain costs to cost of sales from selling, general and administrative expenses, to align providing the service with the recognition of service revenue. The Company recorded a reduction to opening retained earnings of $29.3 million, net of tax, as of January 1, 2016 due to the impact of adopting the new revenue standard, with the impact primarily related to deferring service revenue. Further information related to the Company’s adoption of the new revenue standard is included in Note 14.

ASU 2017-07 – Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and the Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost

On January 1, 2018, the Company retrospectively adopted guidance relating to the presentation of the components of net periodic benefit costs for pension and other post-retirement benefits within the Consolidated Statement of Income. Under the new guidance, the non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost are presented in other (income) expense, while the service cost component will continue to be recorded with compensation cost in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company elected to use the practical expedient that allows entities to estimate the amount for comparative periods using the information previously disclosed in the pension and postretirement health care benefits footnote. As a result, the Company has changed its accounting principle, and revised prior period presentation related to the presentation of the non-service cost components.

The following table presents the effect of the adoptions of the revenue recognition and pension standards on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income for the second quarter ended June 30:


(millions, except per share amounts)	Second Quarter Ended June 30
	2017 Reported	Revenue Standard Adoption	Pension Standard Adoption	2017 Revised
Net sales	$3,462.7	$(3,462.7)	$-	$-
Product and equipment sales	-	2,847.2	-	2,847.2
Service and lease sales	-	612.8	-	612.8
Total net sales	3,462.7	(2.7)	-	3,460.0

Cost of sales	1,871.6	(1,871.6)	-	-
Product and equipment cost of sales	-	1,658.9	1.1	1,660.0
Service and lease cost of sales	-	385.2	0.2	385.4
Total cost of sales (including special charges)	1,871.6	172.5	1.3	2,045.4

Selling, general and administrative expenses	1,115.3	(172.6)	15.5	958.2
Special (gains) and charges	36.8	-	-	36.8
Operating income	439.0	(2.6)	(16.8)	419.6

Other (income) expense	-	-	(16.8)	(16.8)
Interest expense, net	59.6	-	-	59.6
Income before income taxes	379.4	(2.6)	-	376.8
Provision for income taxes	81.3	(0.8)	-	80.5
Net income including noncontrolling interest	298.1	(1.8)	-	296.3
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	1.5	-	-	1.5
Net income attributable to Ecolab	$296.6	$(1.8)	$-	$294.8

Earnings attributable to Ecolab per common share
Basic	$ 1.02	$ (0.01)		$ 1.02
Diluted	$ 1.01	$ (0.01)		$ 1.00

The following table presents the effect of the adoptions of the revenue recognition and pension standards on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income for the six months ended June 30:





(millions, except per share amounts)	Six Months Ended June 30
	2017 Reported	Revenue Standard Adoption	Pension Standard Adoption	2017 Revised
Net sales	$6,624.3	$(6,624.3)	$-	$-
Product and equipment sales	-	5,445.0	-	5,445.0
Service and lease sales	-	1,177.4	-	1,177.4
Total net sales	6,624.3	(1.9)	-	6,622.4

Cost of sales	3,563.1	(3,563.1)	-	-
Product and equipment cost of sales	-	3,155.3	2.0	3,157.3
Service and lease cost of sales	-	739.5	0.4	739.9
Total cost of sales (including special charges (a))	3,563.1	331.7	2.4	3,897.2

Selling, general and administrative expenses	2,205.9	(331.7)	31.2	1,905.4
Special (gains) and charges	43.0	-	-	43.0
Operating income	812.3	(1.9)	(33.6)	776.8

Other (income) expense	-	-	(33.6)	(33.6)
Interest expense, net	122.1	-	-	122.1

Income before income taxes	690.2	(1.9)	-	688.3
Provision for income taxes	135.3	(0.6)	-	134.7
Net income including noncontrolling interest	554.9	(1.3)	-	553.6
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	4.8	-	-	4.8
Net income attributable to Ecolab	$550.1	$(1.3)	$-	$548.8

Earnings attributable to Ecolab per common share
Basic	$ 1.90	$ -		$ 1.89
Diluted	$ 1.87	$ -		$ 1.86

The following table presents the effect of the adoption of the new revenue standard on the selected accounts which were impacted in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:




(millions)	Year ended December 31
	2017 Reported	Revenue Standard Adoption	2017 Revised

ASSETS
Current assets
Accounts receivable, net	$2,574.1	$(2.7)	$2,571.4
Inventories	1,445.9	0.6	1,446.5
Total current assets	4,596.4	(2.1)	4,594.3
Other assets	474.2	3.2	477.4
Total assets	19,962.4	1.1	19,963.5

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Other current liabilities	957.3	43.4	1,000.7
Total current liabilities	3,431.8	43.4	3,475.2
Deferred income taxes	642.8	(7.4)	635.4
Total liabilities	12,273.7	36.0	12,309.7

Equity
Retained earnings	8,045.4	(33.8)	8,011.6
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (a)	(1,642.3)	(1.1)	(1,643.4)
Total Ecolab shareholders’ equity	7,618.5	(34.9)	7,583.6
Total equity	7,688.7	(34.9)	7,653.8
Total liabilities and equity	$19,962.4	$1.1	$19,963.5

(a)

On a quarterly basis throughout 2017, revenue recognition adjustments had a nominal impact on foreign currency translation within accumulated other comprehensive loss. These revisions have been reflected within the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

ASU 2016-18 – Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash

During the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted the accounting guidance issued in 2016 that requires companies to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The Company’s restricted cash is primarily associated with acquisitions, and the escrow payment associated with the proposed acquisition. As a result of the new guidance, the Company has updated the policy so restricted cash will no longer be shown as a transfer on the statement of cash flows, and a reconciliation of restricted cash will be added to the statement of cash flows.

The following table presents the effect of the adoptions of the restricted cash and revenue recognition standards on selected accounts in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:





(millions)	Six Months Ended June 30
	2017 Reported	Restricted Cash Standard Adoption	Revenue Standard Adoption	2017 Revised
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income including noncontrolling interest	$554.9	$-	$(1.3)	$553.6
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income taxes	(14.1)	-	(0.8)	(14.9)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	16.0	-	0.1	16.1
Other liabilities	(183.6)	-	2.0	(181.6)
Cash provided by operating activities	859.7	-	-	859.7

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Restricted cash activity	53.8	(53.8)	-	-
Cash used for investing activities	(1,150.1)	(53.8)	-	(1,203.9)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(2.3)	0.8	-	(1.5)

(Decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(66.7)	(53.0)	-	(119.7)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	327.4	53.0	-	380.4
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$260.7	$-	$-	$260.7

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Ecolab Inc.:

Results of Review of Financial Statements

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Ecolab Inc. and its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the consolidated statement of cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and the consolidated statement of equity for the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 23, 2018, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. As discussed in Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated interim financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for the adoption of new accounting standards described in Note 17. The accompanying December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet reflects this change.

Basis for Review Results

These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP


PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
August 2, 2018

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following management discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) provides information we believe is useful in understanding our operating results, cash flows and financial condition. We provide quantitative information about the material sales drivers including the impact of changes in volume and pricing and the effect of acquisitions and changes in foreign currency at the corporate and reportable segment level. We also provide quantitative information regarding special (gains) and charges, discrete tax items and other significant factors we believe are useful for understanding our results. Such quantitative drivers are supported by comments meant to be qualitative in nature. Qualitative factors are generally ordered based on estimated significance.

The MD&A should be read in conjunction with both the unaudited consolidated financial information and related notes included in this Form 10-Q, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. This discussion contains various Non-GAAP Financial Measures and also contains various Forward-Looking Statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We refer readers to the statements entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Forward-Looking Statements” located at the end of Part I of this report.

Comparability of Results

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2018 we retrospectively adopted the Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and the related amendments (“the new revenue standard”). Concurrent with the adoption of the new revenue standard, we reclassified certain costs from selling, general and administrative expenses to cost of sales, to align the cost of providing the service with the recognition of service revenue. The new revenue standard was applied to all periods presented and the cumulative effect of applying the standard is recognized at the beginning of the earliest year presented.

We also retrospectively adopted Accounting Standards Update 2017-07 Compensation – Retirement Benefits: Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, relating to the presentation of the components of net periodic benefit costs for pension and other post-retirement benefits within the Consolidated Statement of Income (“the new pension standard”).

All comparisons and discussion throughout the MD&A reflect the adoption of the new revenue standard and new pension standard. Further information about the adoption of the accounting standards is included in Note 17.

Fixed Currency Foreign Exchange Rates

Management evaluates the sales and operating income performance of our non-U.S. dollar functional currency international operations based on fixed currency exchange rates, which eliminate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our international operations. Fixed currency amounts are updated annually at the beginning of each year based on translation into U.S. dollars at foreign currency exchange rates established by management, with all periods presented using such rates. Fixed currency exchange rates are generally based on existing market rates at the time they are established. Public currency rate data provided within the “Segment Performance” section of this MD&A reflect amounts translated at actual public average rates of exchange prevailing during the corresponding period, and is provided for informational purposes only.

Comparability of Reportable Segments

Effective in the first quarter of 2018, we established the Colloidal Technologies Group (“CTG”) operating segment. The CTG operating segment has not been aggregated, based on qualitative criteria, and is included in the Other segment. CTG produces and sells colloidal silica, which is comprised of nano-sized particles of silica in water; these products and associated programs are used primarily for binding and polishing applications. CTG was previously recorded in the Water operating segment which is aggregated into the Global Industrial reportable segment. We also made immaterial changes to our reportable segments, including the movement of certain customers and cost allocations between reportable segments. All comparisons and discussion throughout the MD&A are based on the new operating segment structure effective in the first quarter of 2018.

Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures

Acquisition adjusted growth rates exclude the results of our acquired businesses from the first twelve months post acquisition, and exclude the results of our divested businesses from the twelve months prior to divestiture.

OVERVIEW OF THE SECOND QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

Sales Performance

When comparing second quarter 2018 against second quarter 2017, sales performance was as follows:

Reported net sales increased 7% to $3,690 million, fixed currency sales and acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales increased 4% and 5%, respectively.

Fixed currency sales for our Global Industrial segment increased 6% to $1,348 million, acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales increased 5%, led by Water, Food and Beverage and Life Sciences.

Fixed currency sales for our Global Institutional segment increased 4% to $1,312 million, acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales increased 3%, led by growth in Specialty.

Fixed currency sales for our Global Energy segment increased 5% to $854 million, acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales increased 6%, reflecting strong growth in the well stimulation business and good gains in the production and downstream businesses.

Fixed currency sales for our Other segment sales decreased 8% to $222 million, driven by the divestiture of Equipment Care in 2017, offset by sales growth in Pest Elimination. Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales increased 8%, reflecting strong growth in Pest.

Financial Performance

When comparing second quarter 2018 against second quarter 2017, our financial performance was as follows:

Reported operating income increased 18% to $495 million. Excluding the impact of special (gains) and charges from both 2018 and 2017 reported results, adjusted operating income increased 5% and our adjusted fixed currency operating income increased 3%.

Net income attributable to Ecolab increased 19% to $351 million. Excluding the impact of special (gains) and charges and discrete tax items from both 2018 and 2017 reported results, our adjusted net income attributable to Ecolab increased 13%.

Diluted EPS of $1.20 increased 20%. Excluding the impact of special (gains) and charges and discrete tax items from both 2018 and 2017 reported results, adjusted diluted EPS increased 13% to $1.27 in the second quarter of 2018.

Our reported tax rate was 22.8% during the second quarter of 2018, compared to 21.4% during the second quarter of 2017. Excluding the tax rate impact of special (gains) and charges and discrete tax items from both 2018 and 2017 results, our adjusted tax rate was 20.3% and 24.2% during the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Sales


	Second Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30						June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		Change		2018		2017		Change
Product and equipment sales		$3,048.2		$2,847.2				$5,895.4		$5,445.0
Service and lease sales		641.4		612.8				1,265.1		1,177.4
Reported GAAP net sales		$3,689.6		$3,460.0	7	%		$7,160.5		$6,622.4	8	%
Effect of foreign currency translation		46.8		125.4				79.8		253.4
Non-GAAP fixed currency sales		$3,736.4		$3,585.4	4	%		$7,240.3		$6,875.8	5	%

Product and sold equipment revenue is generated from providing cleaning, sanitizing, water and energy products or equipment used in combination with specialized products. Service and lease equipment revenue is generated from providing services or leasing equipment to customers. All of our sales are subject to the same economic conditions.

The percentage components of the period-over-period 2018 sales change are shown below:



	Second Quarter Ended	Six Months Ended
	June 30	June 30
(percent)	2018	2018
Volume	3%	4%
Price changes	2	2
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales change	5	5
Acquisitions and divestitures	(1)	0
Fixed currency sales change	4	5
Foreign currency translation	3	3
Reported GAAP net sales change	7%	8%

Amounts do not necessarily sum due to rounding.

Cost of Sales (“COS”) and Gross Profit Margin


	Second Quarter Ended								Six Months Ended
	June 30								June 30
	2018				2017				2018				2017
			Gross				Gross				Gross				Gross
(millions/percent)	COS		Margin		COS		Margin		COS		Margin		COS		Margin
Product and equipment cost of sales		$1,751.9				$1,660.0				$3,448.5				$3,157.3
Service and lease cost of sales		404.2				385.4				789.7				739.9
Reported GAAP COS and gross margin		$2,156.1	41.6	%		$2,045.4	40.9	%		$4,238.2	40.8	%		$3,897.2	41.2	%
Special (gains) and charges		(0.1)	-			24.4	0.7			(0.1)	-			25.9	0.3
Non-GAAP adjusted COS and gross margin		$2,156.2	41.6	%		$2,021.0	41.6	%		$4,238.3	40.8	%		$3,871.3	41.5	%

Our COS and corresponding gross profit margin (“gross margin”) are shown in the table above. Our gross margin is defined as net sales less cost of sales divided by net sales.

Our reported gross margin was 41.6% and 40.9% for the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our reported gross margin for the first six months of 2018 and 2017 was 40.8% and 41.2%, respectively. Special (gains) and charges included in items impacting COS are shown within the “Special (Gains) and Charges” table on page 40.

Excluding the impact of special (gains) and charges within COS, our second quarter 2018 adjusted gross margin was 41.6% and our adjusted gross margin for the first six months of 2018 was 40.8%. These percentages compared against a second quarter 2017 adjusted gross margin of 41.6% and an adjusted gross margin of 41.5% for the first six months of 2017.

Our adjusted gross margin was flat when comparing the second quarter of 2018 against the second quarter of 2017 and the decrease compared to the first six months of 2018 and 2017 was driven primarily by higher delivered product costs and the impact of growth within Global Energy which offset the impact from increased pricing and cost savings.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses as a percentage of sales were 27.8% for the second quarter of 2018 compared to 27.7% in 2017. The increased SG&A ratio to sales in the second quarter of 2018 was driven primarily by sales volume leverage and 2017 restructuring and cost initiatives partly offset by investments in the business. For the six month period, SG&A expenses were 28.4% of sales in 2018 compared to 28.8% in 2017. The decreased SG&A ratio to sales across the six month periods was driven primarily by sales volume leverage and cost savings, which more than offset investments in the business.

Special (Gains) and Charges

Special (gains) and charges reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income include the following items:



	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Cost of sales
Restructuring activities		$0.4		$2.2		$0.4		$2.2
Acquisition and integration costs		(0.5)		11.1		(0.5)		12.6
Other		-		11.1		-		11.1
Subtotal		(0.1)		24.4		(0.1)		25.9

Special (gains) and charges
Restructuring activities		8.9		30.8		9.2		30.5
Acquisition and integration costs		1.8		4.6		2.3		10.9
Venezuela related gain		-		(5.3)		-		(5.3)
Other		1.4		6.7		26.6		6.9
Subtotal		12.1		36.8		38.1		43.0

Total special (gains) and charges		$12.0		$61.2		$38.0		$68.9

For segment reporting purposes, special (gains) and charges are not allocated to reportable segments, which is consistent with our internal management reporting.

Restructuring activities

Subsequent to the second quarter of 2018, we formally commenced a restructuring plan (“Plan”) to leverage technology and systems investments and organizational changes. We expect that the restructuring activities will be completed by the end of 2020, with anticipated costs of $170 million ($130 million after tax), or $0.44 per diluted share, over the next three years. We anticipate that the costs will primarily be cash expenditures for severance costs and some facility closure costs relating to team reorganizations. Actual costs may vary from these estimates depending on actions taken. The restructuring actions are expected to result in approximately $200 million of annual cost savings by 2021.

In anticipation of this Plan, a limited number of actions were taken in the second quarter of 2018. As a result, we recorded restructuring charges of $10.1 million ($7.6 million after tax), or $0.03 per diluted share, in the second quarter. The liability related to this Plan was $8.7 million as of the end of the second quarter.

During the second quarter of 2017, we commenced restructuring and other cost-saving actions in order to streamline our operations. These actions include a reduction of our global workforce, as well as asset disposals and lease terminations. Actions were substantially completed in 2017. We also have restructuring plans that commenced prior to 2015. During the second quarter and first six months of 2018, net restructuring gains related to prior year plans were $0.8 million ($0.6 million after tax) or less than $0.01 per diluted share and $0.5 million ($0.3 million after tax), or $0.01 per diluted share, respectively. During the second quarter and first six months of 2017, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $33.0 million ($24.4 million after tax) or $0.08 per diluted share and $32.7 ($24.2 million after tax), or $0.08 per diluted share. The restructuring liability balance for all plans commencing prior to 2018 was $26.4 million and $41.5 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The reduction in liability was driven primarily by severance and other cash payments. The majority of pretax charges represent net cash expenditures which are expected to be paid over a period of a few months to several quarters and will continue to be funded from operating activities. Cash payments during 2018, related to restructuring plans were $15.8 million.

Acquisition and integration related costs

Acquisition and integration costs reported in special (gains) and charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income include $1.8 million ($1.3 million after tax) or less than $0.01 per diluted share, and $2.3 million ($1.7 million after tax) or less than $0.01 per diluted share, in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively. Charges are related to Anios integration costs, advisory and legal fees. Acquisition and integration gain reported in product and equipment cost of sales on the Consolidated Statement of Income in the second quarter of 2018 relate to changes in estimates related to an early lease exit.

Acquisition and integration costs reported in cost of sales on the Consolidated Statement of Income include $11.1 million ($7.0 million after tax) or $0.02 per diluted share and $12.6 million ($8.0 million) or $0.03 per diluted share during the second quarter and first six months of 2017, respectively, related primarily to recognition of accelerated rent expense upon the closure of Swisher plants and

disposal of excess inventory. The second quarter and first six months of 2017 also include amounts related to recognition of fair value step-up in the Anios inventory.

The second quarter and first six months of 2017 also include amounts related to recognition of fair value step-up in the Laboratoires Anios (“Anios”) inventory.

Acquisition and integration costs reported in special (gains) and charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income include $4.6 million ($3.0 million after tax) or $0.01 per diluted share and $10.9 million ($7.3 million after tax) or $0.02 per diluted share of acquisition costs, advisory and legal fees, and integration charges for the Anios and Swisher acquisitions during the second quarter and first six months of 2017, respectively.

Venezuela related gain

Effective as of the end of the fourth quarter of 2015, we deconsolidated our Venezuelan subsidiaries. During the second quarter of 2017 we recorded gains of $5.3 million ($3.3 million after tax) or $0.01 per diluted share, resulting from U.S. dollar cash recoveries of intercompany receivables written off at the time of deconsolidation.

Other

During the second quarter and first six months of 2018, we recorded other special charges of $1.4 million and $26.6 million, respectively, which primarily consisted of a $25.0 million ($18.9 million after tax) or $0.06 per diluted share, commitment to the Ecolab Foundation. Other charges were minimal in both the second quarter and first six months of 2018. These charges have been included as a component of special (gains) and charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

During the second quarter and first six months of 2017, we recorded other special charges of $17.8 million ($14.4 million after tax) or $0.04 per diluted share and $18.0 million ($14.5 million after tax) or $0.04 per diluted share, respectively, related to a Global Energy vendor contract termination and litigation related charges. These charges have been included as a component of both cost of sales and special (gains) and charges on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Operating Income and Operating Income Margin



	Second Quarter Ended								Six Months Ended
	June 30								June 30
(millions)	2018			2017			Change		2018			2017			Change
Reported GAAP operating income		$494.6			$419.6		18	%		$848.9			$776.8		9	%
Special (gains) and charges		12.0			61.2					38.0			68.9
Non-GAAP adjusted operating income		506.6			480.8		5	%		886.9			845.7		5	%
Effect of foreign currency translation		6.3			16.2					9.5			28.7
Non-GAAP adjusted fixed currency operating income		$512.9			$497.0		3	%		$896.4			$874.4		3	%

	Second Quarter Ended								Six Months Ended
	June 30								June 30
(percent)	2018			2017					2018			2017
Reported GAAP operating income margin		13.4	%		12.1	%				11.9	%		11.7	%
Non-GAAP adjusted operating income margin		13.7	%		13.9	%				12.4	%		12.8	%
Non-GAAP adjusted fixed currency operating income margin		13.7	%		13.9	%				12.4	%		12.7	%

Our operating income and corresponding operating income margin are shown in the previous tables. Operating income margin is defined as operating income divided by net sales.

Our reported operating income increased 18% and 9% in the second quarter and the first six months of 2018, respectively, versus the comparable periods of 2017. Our reported operating income for 2018 and 2017 was impacted by special (gains) and charges; excluding the impact of special (gains) and charges from 2018 and 2017 reported results, our adjusted operating income increased 5% in the second quarter and the first six months of 2018.

As shown in the previous table, foreign currency had minimal impact on adjusted operating income growth for second quarter and first six months of 2018 and 2017.

Other (Income) Expense

Other (income) expense relates to the income from the non-service components of pension cost which were $19.6 million and $16.8 million in the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively. Other (income) expense was $39.0 million and $33.6 million in the first six months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increase in income is due to expected returns on increased pension assets.

Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense was $56.3 million and $59.6 million in the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively. Net interest expense in the first six months of 2018 and 2017 was $112.7 million and $122.1 million, respectively. The decrease in net interest expense when comparing 2018 against 2017 was driven primarily by lower interest rates on debt.

Provision for Income Taxes

The following table provides a summary of our tax rate:


	Second Quarter Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30				June 30
(percent)	2018		2017		2018		2017

Reported GAAP tax rate	22.8	%	21.4	%	22.4	%	19.6	%
Tax rate impact of:
The Tax Act	(3.9)		-		(3.6)		-
Special (gains) and charges	0.1		0.6		0.1		0.6
Discrete tax items	1.3		2.2		2.1		4.3
Non-GAAP adjusted tax rate	20.3	%	24.2	%	21.0	%	24.5	%

Our reported tax rate was 22.8% and 21.4% for the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 22.4% and 19.6% for the first six months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The change in our tax rate for the second quarter and first six months of 2018 versus the comparable periods of 2017 was driven primarily by discrete tax items, tax planning, and a lower U.S. corporate tax rate, with a lesser impact from special (gains) and charges. The tax impact of special (gains) and charges and discrete tax items will likely continue to impact comparability of our reported tax rate in the future as amounts included in special (gains) and charges are derived from tax jurisdictions with rates that vary from our tax rate, and discrete tax items are not necessarily consistent across periods.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted, which reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and created new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The Tax Act added many new provisions including changes to bonus depreciation, the deduction for executive compensation and interest expense, a tax on global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”), the base erosion anti abuse tax (“BEAT”) and a deduction for foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”). The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB 118”), which provides a measurement period of up to one year from the Tax Act’s enactment date to complete the accounting for the effects of the Tax Act. We continue to assess the impact of the provisions of the Act, and have not yet elected an accounting policy related to GILTI.

We recorded an estimate of the one-time transition tax in the fourth quarter of 2017, and in the second quarter and first six months of 2018 recorded additional discrete expense of $18.2 million and $29.5 million, respectively, primarily due to the issuance of technical guidance during the respective quarters. The one-time transition tax is subject to finalization of estimates of assets and liabilities at future dates, the calculation of deemed repatriation of foreign income and the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences. Our estimates are subject to continued technical guidance which may change the provisional amounts recorded in the financial statements, and will be evaluated throughout the measurement period, as permitted by SAB 118.

We recognized total net expenses related to discrete tax items of $12.1 million and $12.0 million during the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively. Expense of $18.2 million and $29.5 million for the second quarter and first six months, respectively, was related to the one-time transition tax. Additionally, $6.0 million and $12.8 million of share-based compensation excess tax benefit was recorded in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively. The remaining discrete tax benefits for the first six months of 2018 were primarily related to changes in our state tax profile and reserves in non-U.S. jurisdictions for the quarter.

Our second quarter 2017 reported tax expense included $15.6 million of net tax benefits on special gains and charges and net benefits of $9.7 million associated with discrete tax items. For the first six months of 2017, our reported tax expense included $18.1 million of net tax benefits on special gains and charges and net benefits of $32.5 million associated with discrete tax items.

Discrete tax items include excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation and other discrete tax items of $10.8 million and $26.8 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2017, respectively. The remaining discrete tax benefits in 2017 were driven primarily by the release of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to the expiration of statute of limitations in non-U.S. jurisdictions. The corresponding impact of these items on the reported tax rate is shown in the previous table.

The decrease in the 2018 adjusted tax rate compared to 2017 was primarily due to a lower U.S. corporate tax rate and tax planning.

Net Income Attributable to Ecolab


	Second Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30						June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		Change		2018		2017		Change
Reported GAAP net income attributable to Ecolab		$351.3		$294.8	19	%		$598.6		$548.8	9	%
Adjustments:
Special (gains) and charges, after tax		8.9		45.6				28.6		50.8
Discrete tax net expense (benefit)		12.1		(9.7)				12.0		(32.5)
Non-GAAP adjusted net income attributable to Ecolab		$372.3		$330.7	13	%		$639.2		$567.1	13	%

Diluted EPS


	Second Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30						June 30
(dollars)	2018		2017		Change		2018		2017		Change
Reported GAAP diluted EPS		$1.20		$ 1.00	20	%		$2.04		$ 1.86	10	%
Adjustments:
Special (gains) and charges		0.03		0.16				0.10		0.17
Discrete tax net expense (benefit)		0.04		(0.03)				0.04		(0.11)
Non-GAAP adjusted diluted EPS		$1.27		$ 1.12	13	%		$2.18		$ 1.92	14	%

Per share amounts in the above tables do not necessary sum due to rounding.

Currency translation had minimal impact on diluted EPS for both the second quarter and first six months of 2018, when compared to the second quarter and first six months of 2017.

SEGMENT PERFORMANCE

The non-U.S. dollar functional international amounts included within our reportable segments are based on translation into U.S. dollars at the fixed currency exchange rates used by management for 2018. The difference between the fixed currency exchange rates and the actual currency exchange rates is reported as “effect of foreign currency translation” in the following tables. All other accounting policies of the reportable segments are consistent with U.S. GAAP and the accounting policies described in Note 2 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, with the exception of the new revenue standard and the new pension standard, which are described in Note 17 of this Form 10-Q. Additional information about our reportable segments is included in Note 15.

Fixed currency net sales and operating income for the second quarter and first six months of 2018 and 2017 for our reportable segments are shown in the following tables.


Net Sales	Second Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30						June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		Change		2018		2017		Change
Global Industrial		$1,348.4		$1,267.0	6	%		$2,589.8		$2,445.3	6	%
Global Institutional		1,311.7		1,262.8	4			2,529.7		2,377.4	6
Global Energy		854.0		813.4	5			1,701.1		1,589.1	7
Other		222.3		242.2	(8)			419.7		464.0	(10)
Subtotal at fixed currency		3,736.4		3,585.4	4			7,240.3		6,875.8	5
Effect of foreign currency translation		(46.8)		(125.4)				(79.8)		(253.4)
Consolidated reported GAAP net sales		$3,689.6		$3,460.0	7	%		$7,160.5		$6,622.4	8	%

Operating Income	Second Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30						June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		Change		2018		2017		Change
Global Industrial		$173.1		$176.4	(2)	%		$303.0		$312.0	(3)	%
Global Institutional		252.0		257.1	(2)			450.7		443.9	2
Global Energy		91.4		72.1	27			162.3		143.0	13
Other		39.3		34.2	15			66.4		61.3	8
Corporate		(54.9)		(104.0)				(124.0)		(154.7)
Subtotal at fixed currency		500.9		435.8	15			858.4		805.5	7
Effect of foreign currency translation		(6.3)		(16.2)				(9.5)		(28.7)
Consolidated reported GAAP operating income		$494.6		$419.6	18	%		$848.9		$776.8	9	%

The following tables reconcile the impact of acquisitions and divestitures within our reportable segments.


Net Sales	Second Quarter Ended
	June 30
	2018			2017
(millions)	Fixed Currency	Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures	Acquisition Adjusted	Fixed Currency	Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures	Acquisition Adjusted
Global Industrial	$1,348.4	$(21.4)	$1,327.0	$1,267.0	$(8.5)	$1,258.5
Global Institutional	1,311.7	(5.2)	1,306.5	1,262.8	-	1,262.8
Global Energy	854.0	-	854.0	813.4	(8.7)	804.7
Other	222.3	(11.2)	211.1	242.2	(46.0)	196.2
Subtotal at fixed currency	3,736.4	(37.8)	3,698.6	3,585.4	(63.2)	3,522.2
Effect of foreign currency translation	(46.8)			(125.4)
Total reported net sales	$3,689.6			$3,460.0

Operating Income
	2018			2017
(millions)	Fixed Currency	Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures	Acquisition Adjusted	Fixed Currency	Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures	Acquisition Adjusted
Global Industrial	$173.1	$(0.9)	$172.2	$176.4	$(0.1)	$176.3
Global Institutional	252.0	0.2	252.2	257.1	-	257.1
Global Energy	91.4	0.8	92.2	72.1	(0.4)	71.7
Other	39.3	(0.8)	38.5	34.2	(1.3)	32.9
Corporate	(42.9)	-	(42.9)	(42.8)	-	(42.8)
Non-GAAP adjusted fixed currency operating income	512.9	(0.7)	512.2	497.0	(1.8)	495.2
Special (gains) and charges	12.0			61.2
Subtotal at fixed currency	500.9			435.8
Effect of foreign currency translation	(6.3)			(16.2)
Total reported operating income	$494.6			$419.6

Net Sales	Six Months Ended
	June 30
	2018			2017
(millions)	Fixed Currency	Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures	Acquisition Adjusted	Fixed Currency	Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures	Acquisition Adjusted
Global Industrial	$2,589.8	$(45.3)	$2,544.5	$2,445.3	$(10.1)	$2,435.2
Global Institutional	2,529.7	(50.2)	2,479.5	2,377.4	(0.1)	2,377.3
Global Energy	1,701.1	(0.3)	1,700.8	1,589.1	(13.9)	1,575.2
Other	419.7	(19.3)	400.4	464.0	(92.1)	371.9
Subtotal at fixed currency	7,240.3	(115.1)	7,125.2	6,875.8	(116.2)	6,759.6
Effect of foreign currency translation	(79.8)			(253.4)
Total reported net sales	$7,160.5			$6,622.4

Operating Income
	2018			2017
(millions)	Fixed Currency	Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures	Acquisition Adjusted	Fixed Currency	Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures	Acquisition Adjusted
Global Industrial	$303.0	$(1.8)	$301.2	$312.0	$(0.4)	$311.6
Global Institutional	450.7	(3.4)	447.3	443.9	0.1	444.0
Global Energy	162.3	1.5	163.8	143.0	(1.1)	141.9
Other	66.4	(0.7)	65.7	61.3	(4.6)	56.7
Corporate	(86.0)	-	(86.0)	(85.8)	-	(85.8)
Non-GAAP adjusted fixed currency operating income	896.4	(4.4)	892.0	874.4	(6.0)	868.4
Special (gains) and charges	38.0			68.9
Subtotal at fixed currency	858.4			805.5
Effect of foreign currency translation	(9.5)			(28.7)
Total reported operating income	$848.9			$776.8

Unless otherwise noted, the following segment performance commentary compares the second quarter and first six months of 2018 against the second quarter and first six months of 2017.

Global Industrial


	Second Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30						June 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Sales at fixed currency (millions)		$1,348.4			$1,267.0			$2,589.8			$2,445.3
Sales at public currency (millions)		1,327.2			1,208.7			2,553.2			2,322.9

Volume		4	%					3	%
Price changes		2	%					2	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales change		5	%					4	%
Acquisitions and divestitures		1	%					2	%
Fixed currency sales change		6	%					6	%
Foreign currency translation		3	%					4	%
Public currency sales change		10	%					10	%

Operating income at fixed currency (millions)		$173.1			$176.4			$303.0			$312.0
Operating income at public currency (millions)		170.3			167.7			298.1			293.2

Fixed currency operating income change		(2)	%					(3)	%
Fixed currency operating income margin		12.8	%		13.9	%		11.7	%		12.8	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income change		(2)	%					(3)	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income margin		13.0	%		14.0	%		11.8	%		12.8	%
Public currency operating income change		2	%					2	%

Percentages in the above table do not necessary sum due to rounding.

Net Sales

Fixed currency sales for Global Industrial increased in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, benefitting from volume and pricing gains. At a regional level, both the second quarter and first six months sales showed good growth in Latin America, North America and Europe.

At an operating segment level, Water fixed currency sales increased 6% (5% acquisition adjusted) in both the second quarter of 2018 and in the first six months of 2018. Light industry sales growth was led by innovative technology and service offerings. Heavy industry sales benefitted from sales force investments and improved market conditions in the quarter. Mining sales were led by new business wins. Food & Beverage fixed currency sales increased 7% in the second quarter of 2018 and 5% in the first six months of 2018, benefiting from new wins, share gains and pricing, which more than offset generally flat industry trends. Growth was led by the beverage and brewing, food and protein businesses, and dairy processing operations. Paper fixed currency sales increased 9% (4% acquisition adjusted) in the second quarter of 2018 and 7% (2% acquisition adjusted) in the first six months of 2018. Textile Care fixed currency sales increased 2% in the second quarter of 2018 and was flat in the first six months of 2018. Life Sciences fixed currency sales increased 15% (15% acquisition adjusted) in the second quarter of 2018 and 19% (14% acquisition adjusted) in the first six months of 2018. Good growth from business wins and pricing execution, led by strong sales of cleaning and disinfection programs in both the pharmaceutical and personal care markets.

Operating Income

Fixed currency operating income and operating income margins for Global Industrial decreased in both the second quarter and first six months of 2018. Acquisitions had minimal impact on both the fixed currency operating income growth and fixed currency operating income margins.

Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income margins decreased 1.0 percentage points during both the second quarter and first six months of 2018, negatively impacted by approximately 2.3 percentage points for both periods, related to higher delivered product costs and investments in the business. Favorable impact of pricing and sales volume gains added approximately 1.5 and 1.4 percentage points during the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively.

Global Institutional


	Second Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30						June 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Sales at fixed currency (millions)		$1,311.7			$1,262.8			$2,529.7			$2,377.4
Sales at public currency (millions)		1,296.7			1,217.7			2,502.9			2,292.2

Volume		2	%					3	%
Price changes		2	%					2	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales change		3	%					4	%
Acquisitions and divestitures		1	%					2	%
Fixed currency sales change		4	%					6	%
Foreign currency translation		3	%					3	%
Public currency sales change		6	%					9	%

Operating income at fixed currency (millions)		$252.0			$257.1			$450.7			$443.9
Operating income at public currency (millions)		249.8			251.4			447.6			435.7

Fixed currency operating income change		(2)	%					2	%
Fixed currency operating income margin		19.2	%		20.4	%		17.8	%		18.7	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income change		(2)	%					1	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income margin		19.3	%		20.4	%		18.0	%		18.7	%
Public currency operating income change		(1)	%					3	%

Percentages in the above table do not necessary sum due to rounding.

Net Sales

Fixed currency sales for Global Institutional increased in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, driven by volume growth, acquisitions and pricing gains. At a regional level, both the second quarter and first six months sales increase was led by good growth in North America and Asia Pacific.

At an operating segment level, Institutional fixed currency sales increased 4% in the second quarter and 5% in the first six months of 2018. Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales increased 3% in the second quarter and 4% in the first six months of 2018. Global lodging demand continued to show moderate growth while global full service restaurant industry foot traffic remained soft, particularly in North America. Specialty fixed currency sales increased 7% and 8% in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, led primarily from strong ongoing business and the roll out of new account wins. Healthcare fixed currency sales were flat and increased 10% (0% acquisition adjusted) in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, with strong sales of environmental hygiene programs offset by flat sales in Europe and lower sales on non-core products.

Operating Income

Fixed currency operating income for our Global Institutional segment decreased in the second quarter and increased in the first six months of 2018. Fixed currency operating income margins decreased in both the second quarter and in the first six months of 2018. Acquisitions had a positive impact on fixed currency operating income growth and negative impact on fixed currency operating income margins.

Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income margins decreased 1.1 and 0.7 percentage points during the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, negatively impacted by approximately 2.2 and 1.9 percentage points during the second quarter and first six months of 2018 from investments in the business, including innovative digital technologies and new customer installations, and higher delivered product costs. Favorable impact of sales volume gains and pricing added approximately 1.4 and 1.5 percentage points during the second quarter and first six months of 2018.

Global Energy


	Second Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30						June 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Sales at fixed currency (millions)		$854.0			$813.4			$1,701.1			$1,589.1
Sales at public currency (millions)		845.2			797.4			1,688.1			1,555.3

Volume		4	%					6	%
Price changes		2	%					2	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales change		6	%					8	%
Acquisitions and divestitures		(1)	%					(1)	%
Fixed currency sales change		5	%					7	%
Foreign currency translation		1	%					2	%
Public currency sales change		6	%					9	%

Operating income at fixed currency (millions)		$91.4			$72.1			$162.3			$143.0
Operating income at public currency (millions)		90.0			69.7			160.5			139.5

Fixed currency operating income change		27	%					13	%
Fixed currency operating income margin		10.7	%		8.9	%		9.5	%		9.0	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income change		29	%					16	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income margin		10.8	%		8.9	%		9.6	%		9.0	%
Public currency operating income change		29	%					15	%

Percentages in the above table do not necessary sum due to rounding.

Net Sales

Fixed currency sales for Global Energy had strong growth in the well stimulation business, while the production business showed a modest increase, primarily driven by increased North America activity. Sales in our downstream business had moderate growth driven by international sales.

Operating Income

Fixed currency operating income for Global Energy was increased during both the second quarter and first six months of 2018. Acquisitions had a negative impact on the fixed currency operating income and minimal impact on the fixed currency operating income margins during both the second quarter and first six months of 2018.

Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income margins increased 1.9 and 0.6 percentage points during the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, favorable impact of sales volume gains and pricing added approximately 2.1 and 1.9 percentage points during the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively. Offset by approximately 0.3 percentage points during the second quarter of 2018 related to higher delivered product costs and 1.4 percentage points during the first six months of 2018 related to higher delivered product costs and investments in the business.

Other


	Second Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30						June 30
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Sales at fixed currency (millions)		$222.3			$242.2			$419.7			$464.0
Sales at public currency (millions)		220.5			236.2			416.3			452.0

Volume		6	%					6	%
Price changes		2	%					2	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales change		8	%					8	%
Acquisitions and divestitures		(16)	%					(18)	%
Fixed currency sales change		(8)	%					(10)	%
Foreign currency translation		1	%					2	%
Public currency sales change		(7)	%					(8)	%

Operating income at fixed currency (millions)		$39.3			$34.2			$66.4			$61.3
Operating income at public currency (millions)		39.1			33.6			66.1			60.6

Fixed currency operating income change		15	%					8	%
Fixed currency operating income margin		17.7	%		14.1	%		15.8	%		13.2	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income change		17	%					16	%
Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income margin		18.3	%		16.8	%		16.4	%		15.2	%
Public currency operating income change		16	%					9	%

Percentages in the above table do not necessary sum due to rounding.

Net Sales

Fixed currency sales for Other decreased in both the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively, due to the divestiture of Equipment Care in the fourth quarter of 2017. At a regional level, both the second quarter and first six months of 2018 sales results showed good growth in North America.

At an operating segment level, Pest Elimination fixed currency sales increased 13% in both the second quarter and first six months of 2018. Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales increased 7% in the second quarter and 8% in the first six months of 2018. Sales to food beverage and hospitality, and good growth in restaurants led the growth. CTG sales increased 10% and 7% in the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively.

Operating Income

Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income margins for the Other segment increased 1.5 and 1.2 percentage points during the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively. The favorable impact of sales volume and pricing increases added 1.9 and 1.7 percentage points for the respective periods. Field investments negatively impacted comparable margins by approximately 0.4 and 0.3 percentage points for the respective periods.

Corporate

Consistent with our internal management reporting, Corporate amounts in the table on page 43 include intangible asset amortization specifically from the Nalco merger and special (gains) and charges that are not allocated to our reportable segments. Items included within special (gains) and charges are shown in the table on page 40.

FINANCIAL POSITION, CASH FLOWS AND LIQUIDITY

Financial Position

Total assets were $20.0 billion as of both June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Total liabilities were $12.0 billion as of June 30, 2018 and $12.3 billion as of December 31, 2017. Total debt was $7.2 billion as of June 30, 2018 and $7.3 billion as of December 31, 2017. See further discussion of our debt activity within the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of this MD&A.

Our net debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and net debt to adjusted EBITDA are shown in the following table. EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP measures, which are discussed further in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of this MD&A.

The inputs to EBITDA reflect the trailing twelve months of activity for the period presented.


	2018		2017
(ratio)
Net debt to EBITDA		2.4		2.6
Net debt to adjusted EBITDA		2.4		2.6

(millions)
Total debt		$7,217.6		$7,679.9
Cash		54.2		260.7
Net debt		$7,163.4		$7,419.2

Net income including non-controlling interest		$1,566.8		$1,304.7
Provision for income taxes		282.5		380.7
Interest expense, net		245.5		255.4
Depreciation		610.9		573.4
Amortization		312.0		296.6
EBITDA		3,017.7		2,810.8

Special (gains) and charges impacting EBITDA		9.4		80.0
Adjusted EBITDA		$3,027.1		$2,890.8

Cash Flows

Operating Activities


	Six Months Ended
	June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		Change
Cash provided by operating activities		$785.7		$859.7		$(74.0)

We continue to generate strong cash flow from operations, allowing us to fund our ongoing operations, acquisitions, investments in the business and pension obligations along with returning cash to our shareholders through dividend payments and share repurchases.

Comparability of cash generated from operating activities was impacted by fluctuations in accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payable (“working capital”). The cash flow impact from working capital accounts was driven by changes in sales volumes and timing of collections; timing of purchases and production and usage levels; and volume of purchases and timing of payments.

Investing Activities


	Six Months Ended
	June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		Change
Cash used for investing activities		$(444.4)		$(1,203.9)		$759.5

Cash used for investing activities is primarily impacted by the timing of business acquisitions and dispositions as well as capital investments in the business.

Total cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired and net of cash received from dispositions, during the first six months in 2018 and 2017, was $70 million and $827 million, respectively. Our acquisitions and divestitures across 2018 and 2017 are discussed further in Note 3. We continue to target strategic business acquisitions which complement our growth strategy and expect to continue to make capital investments and acquisitions in the future to support our long-term growth.

We continue to make capital investments in the business, including merchandising and customer equipment and manufacturing facilities. Total capital expenditures, including software, were $413 million and $378 million in the first six months of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Financing Activities


	Six Months Ended
	June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		Change
Cash (used for) provided by financing activities		$(506.5)		$226.0		$(732.5)

Our cash flows from financing activities primarily reflect the issuances and repayment of debt, common stock repurchases, proceeds from common stock issuances related to our equity incentive programs, dividend payments and acquisition-related contingent considerations.

Shares are repurchased for the purpose of partially offsetting the dilutive effect of our equity compensation plans and stock issued in acquisitions, to manage our capital structure and to efficiently return capital to shareholders. We repurchased a total of $216 million and $501 million of shares in the first six months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. The 2017 amount includes $300 million of shares repurchased in the February of 2017 through an ASR program. See Note 10 for further information regarding ASR program repurchases. Cash proceeds and tax benefits from stock option exercises provide a portion of the funding for repurchase activity.

During the first six months of 2018 and 2017, we distributed $252 million and $223 million of dividends, respectively.

The impact on financing cash flows of commercial paper and notes payable issuances and long-term debt repayments are shown in the following table:


	Six Months Ended
	June 30
(millions)	2018		2017		Change
Net issuances of commercial paper and notes payable		$222.7		$909.8		$(687.1)
Long-term debt repayments		(300.6)		(5.3)		(295.3)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We currently expect to fund the cash requirements which are reasonably foreseeable for the next twelve months, including scheduled debt repayments, new investments in the business, share repurchases, dividend payments, possible business acquisitions and pension and postretirement contributions with cash from operating activities, and as needed, additional short-term and/or long-term borrowings. We continue to expect our operating cash flow to remain strong.

As of June 30, 2018, we had $54.2 million of cash and cash equivalents on hand, substantially all of which was held outside of the U.S.

As of June 30, 2018, we had in place a $2.0 billion multi-year credit facility which expires in November 2022. The credit facility has been established with a diverse syndicate of banks and supports our U.S. and Euro commercial paper programs. The maximum aggregate amount of commercial paper that may be issued under our U.S. commercial paper program and our Euro commercial paper program may not exceed $2.0 billion. At the end of the second quarter of 2018, we had $133.2 million (€114.0 million) in outstanding Euro commercial paper with an average annual interest rate of less than 1% and $55.9 million commercial paper outstanding under the U.S. program. As of June 30, 2018, both programs were rated A-2 by Standard & Poor’s and P-2 by Moody’s.

Our long-term debt issuance and repayment activity through the first six months of 2018 and 2017 is discussed in the Cash Flows – Financing Activities section of this MD&A.

We are in compliance with our debt covenants and believe we have sufficient borrowing capacity to meet our foreseeable operating needs.

As of June 30, 2018, Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s rated our long-term credit at A- (stable outlook) and Baa1 (stable outlook), respectively.

The schedule of contractual obligations included in the Financial Position and Liquidity section of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 disclosed total notes payable and long-term debt due within one year of $0.6 billion. As of June 30, 2018, the total notes payable and long-term debt due within one year increased to $874.5 million. The increase primarily reflected commercial paper borrowings during the first six months of 2018 and reclassification of obligations due within one year to current.

We recorded a provisional amount for the one-time transition tax in the fourth quarter of 2017, and in the second quarter and first six months of 2018 recorded additional expense of $18.2 million and $29.5 million, respectively, primarily due to the issuance of technical guidance during the respective quarters. As discussed further in Note 12, this balance is a provisional amount and is subject to adjustment during the measurement period of up to one year following the enactment of the Tax Act, as provided by recent SEC guidance.

Our gross liability for uncertain tax positions was $73 million as of June 30, 2018 and $68 million as of December 31, 2017. We are not able to reasonably estimate the amount by which the liability will increase or decrease over time; however, at this time, we do not expect significant payments related to these obligations within the next year.

GLOBAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Energy Markets

Approximately 23% of our sales are generated from our Global Energy segment, the results of which, as noted further below, are subject to volatility in the oil and gas commodity markets.

During the first six months of 2018, oil industry activity continued the trend from 2017 and has continued to gradually recover from 2016’s lows, with strong gains in North America drilling activity. Demand for oil and overall energy consumption has shown modest growth with oil prices rising from their lows in early 2016.

Our global footprint and broad business portfolio within the Global Energy segment, as well as our strong execution capabilities are expected to provide the required resilience to outperform in the current market. As such, we continue to remain confident in the long-term growth prospects of the segment.

Global Economies

Approximately half of our sales are outside of the U.S. Our international operations subject us to changes in economic conditions and foreign currency exchange rates as well as political uncertainty in some countries which could impact future operating results.

Argentina has continued to experience negative economic trends, evidenced by multiple periods of increasing inflation rates, devaluation of the peso, and increasing borrowing rates. Argentina will be classified as a highly inflationary economy in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and the U.S. dollar will be the functional currency for our subsidiaries in Argentina. During the first six months of 2018, sales in Argentina represented less than 1% of our consolidated sales. Assets held in Argentina at the end of the second quarter represented less than 1% of our consolidated assets.

Brexit Referendum

On March 29, 2017, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) government gave formal notice to the European Union (“EU”) to begin the process of negotiating the U.K.’s exit (“Brexit”) from the EU. The effects of Brexit will depend on any agreements the U.K. makes to retain access to the EU markets either during a transitional period or more permanently. The negotiations might also impact various tax reliefs and exemptions that apply to transactions between the U.K. and EU. In the longer term, any impact from Brexit on our U.K. operations will depend, in part, on the outcome of tariff, trade, regulatory, and other negotiations. We will continue to monitor the status of tax law changes and tax treaty negotiations at the U.K. and EU.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, net sales of our U.K. operations were approximately 3% of our consolidated net sales.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For information on new accounting pronouncements, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent to the second quarter of 2018, the Company formally commenced a restructuring plan to leverage technology and systems investments and organizational changes.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” in Item 2, contains financial measures that have not been calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP). These non-GAAP measures include:

Fixed currency sales

Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales

Adjusted cost of sales

Adjusted gross margin

Fixed currency operating income

Fixed currency operating income margin

Adjusted operating income

Adjusted operating income margin

Adjusted fixed currency operating income

Adjusted fixed currency operating income margin

Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income

Acquisition adjusted fixed currency operating income margin

EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted tax rate

Adjusted net income attributable to Ecolab

Adjusted diluted EPS

Adjusted interest expense, net

We provide these measures as additional information regarding our operating results. We use these non-GAAP measures internally to evaluate our performance and in making financial and operational decisions, including with respect to incentive compensation. We believe that our presentation of these measures provides investors with greater transparency with respect to our results of operations and that these measures are useful for period-to-period comparison of results.

Our non-GAAP financial measures for cost of sales, gross margin and operating income exclude the impact of special (gains) and charges, and our non-GAAP measures for tax rate, net income attributable to Ecolab and diluted EPS further exclude the impact of discrete tax items. We include items within special (gains) and charges and discrete tax items that we believe can significantly affect the period-over-period assessment of operating results and not necessarily reflect costs and/or income associated with historical trends and future results. After tax special (gains) and charges are derived by applying the applicable local jurisdictional tax rate to the corresponding pre-tax special (gains) and charges.

EBITDA is defined as the sum of net income including non-controlling interest, provision for income taxes, net interest expense, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as the sum of EBITDA and special (gains) and charges impacting EBITDA. EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are used as inputs to our net debt to EBITDA and net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratios. We view these ratios as important indicators of the operational and financial health of our organization.

We evaluate the performance of our international operations based on fixed currency rates of foreign exchange, which eliminate the translation impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our international results. Fixed currency amounts included in this Form 10-Q are based on translation into U.S. dollars at the fixed foreign currency exchange rates established by management at the beginning of 2018.

Acquisition adjusted growth rates exclude the results of our acquired businesses from the first twelve months post acquisition, exclude the results of our divested businesses from the twelve months prior to divestiture, and exclude sales to our deconsolidated Venezuelan subsidiaries from both the current period and comparable period of the prior year.

These non-GAAP measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to U.S. GAAP, and may be different from non-GAAP measures used by other companies. Investors should not rely on any single financial measure when evaluating our business. We recommend that investors view these measures in conjunction with the U.S. GAAP measures included in this MD&A and we have provided reconciliations of reported U.S. GAAP amounts to the non-GAAP amounts.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 2, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include expectations concerning timing, amount and type of restructuring costs and savings from restructuring activities; tax deductibility of goodwill; capital investments and acquisitions; amortization expense; non-performance of financial counterparties; payments and contributions to pension and postretirement health care benefit plans; impact of tax reform; the impact of lawsuits, claims and environmental matters; impact of new accounting pronouncements; cash flows, borrowing capacity and funding of cash requirements; payments related to uncertain tax positions; impact of oil price fluctuations, comparative performance and prospects of businesses in our Global Energy segment; implementation of ERP system; and doing business in Iran.

Without limiting the foregoing, words or phrases such as “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “we believe,” “we expect,” “estimate,” “project” (including the negative or variations thereof) or similar terminology, generally identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may also represent challenging goals for us. These statements, which represent our expectations or beliefs concerning various future events, are based on current expectations that involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those of such forward-looking statements. In particular, the ultimate results of any restructuring and business improvement actions, including cost synergies, depend on a number of factors, including the development of final plans, the impact of local regulatory requirements regarding employee terminations, the time necessary to develop and implement the restructuring and other business improvement initiatives and the level of success achieved through such actions in improving competitiveness, efficiency and effectiveness. We caution that undue reliance should not be placed on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made.

Some of the factors which could cause results to differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements are set forth under Item 1A, entitled Risk Factors, of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and include the vitality of the markets we serve, including the impact of oil price fluctuations on the markets served by our Global Energy segment; the impact of economic factors such as the worldwide economy, capital flows, interest rates and foreign currency risk, including reduced sales and earnings in other countries resulting from the weakening of local currencies versus the U.S. dollar; our ability to execute key business initiatives, including upgrades to our information technology systems; potential information technology infrastructure failures and cybersecurity attacks; our ability to attract and retain high caliber management talent to lead our business; exposure to global economic, political and legal risks related to our international operations including trade sanctions; our ability to develop competitive advantages through innovation and to commercialize digital solutions; the costs and effects of complying with laws and regulations, including those relating to the environment and to the manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and use of our products; difficulty in procuring raw materials or fluctuations in raw material costs; pressure on operations from consolidation of customers, vendors or competitors; the occurrence of litigation or claims, including related to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill; restraints on pricing flexibility due to contractual obligations; our ability to acquire complementary businesses and to effectively integrate such businesses; changes in tax law and unanticipated tax liabilities; potential loss of deferred tax assets or increase in deferred tax liabilities; our substantial indebtedness; public health epidemics; potential losses arising from the impairment of goodwill or other assets; potential chemical spill or release; potential class action lawsuits; the loss or insolvency of a major customer or distributor; acts of war or terrorism; natural or man-made disasters; water shortages; severe weather conditions; and other uncertainties or risks reported from time to time in our reports to the SEC. There can be no assurances that our earnings levels will meet investors’ expectations. Except as may be required under applicable law, we do not undertake, and expressly disclaim, any duty to update our Forward-Looking Statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We use foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency debt to manage risks associated with foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and net investments in our foreign operations. We do not hold derivative financial instruments of a speculative nature or for trading purposes. For a more detailed discussion of derivative instruments, refer to Note 8, entitled “Derivatives and Hedging Transactions”, of the consolidated financial statements located under Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of June 30, 2018, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

During the period January 1 through June 30, 2018, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

We are implementing an enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system upgrade, which is occurring in phases over the next several years beginning in 2018. This upgrade, which includes supply chain and certain finance functions, is expected to improve the efficiency of certain financial and related transactional processes. The upgrade of the ERP system will affect the processes that constitute our internal control over financial reporting and will require testing for effectiveness.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Note 16, entitled “Commitments and Contingencies” located under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In our report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2018, we identify under Item 1A important factors which could affect our financial performance and could cause our actual results for future periods to differ materially from our anticipated results or other expectations, including those expressed in any forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q. See the section entitled Forward-Looking Statements located on page 53 of this Form 10-Q. We may also refer to such disclosure to identify factors that may cause results to differ from those expressed in other forward-looking statements made in oral presentations, including telephone conferences and/or webcasts open to the public.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c)

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities


			(c)	(d)
	(a)		Number of shares	Maximum number of
	Total	(b)	purchased as part	shares that may
	number of	Average price	of publicly	yet be purchased
	shares	paid per	announced plans	under the plans
Period	purchased(1)	share(2)	or programs(3)	or programs(3)
April 1-30, 2018	-	-	-	10,875,427
May 1-31, 2018	2,097	144.7230	-	10,875,427
June 1-30, 2018	2,477	146.0850	-	10,875,427
Total	4,574	145.4606	-	10,875,427

(1)

Includes 4,574 shares reacquired from employees and/or directors as swaps for the cost of stock options, or shares surrendered to satisfy minimum statutory tax obligations under our stock incentive plans.

(2)

The average price paid per share includes brokerage commissions associated with publicly announced plan purchases plus the value of such other reacquired shares.

(3)

As announced on February 24, 2015, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 20,000,000 shares. Subject to market conditions, we expect to repurchase all shares under the open authorizations, for which no expiration date has been established, in open market or privately negotiated transactions, including pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 and accelerated share repurchase programs.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012

Under the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which added Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company is required to disclose in its periodic reports if it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with entities or individuals designated pursuant to certain Executive Orders. Disclosure is required even where the activities are conducted outside the U.S. by non-U.S. affiliates in compliance with applicable law, and even if the activities are not covered or prohibited by U.S. law. After the easing of certain sanctions by the United States against Iran in January 2016 pursuant to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action relating to Iran’s nuclear program (JCPOA), and in compliance with the

economic sanctions regulations administered by U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) and U.S. export control laws, a wholly-owned non-U.S. subsidiary of the Company completed the following sales related to businesses in our Energy operating segment pursuant to and in compliance with the terms and conditions of OFAC’s General License H: sales of products used for process and water treatment applications in (i) upstream oil and gas production and (ii) petrochemical plants totaling $1.2 million during the subsidiary’s fiscal second quarter ended May 31, 2018, and additional sales of such products totaling $0.2 million during June 2018, were made to a distributor in Dubai and two distributors in Iran. The net profit before taxes associated with these sales is estimated to be $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

On May 8, 2018, the President announced his decision to cease the United States’ participation in the JCPOA, and to begin reimposing, following a wind-down period, the sanctions that were lifted to effectuate the JCPOA sanctions relief. In conjunction with this announcement, the President issued a National Security Presidential Memorandum (NSPM) directing the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury to prepare immediately for the reimposition of all of the U.S. sanctions lifted or waived in connection with the JCPOA, to be accomplished as expeditiously as possible and in no case later than 180 days from the date of the NSPM. On June 27, 2018, OFAC revoked General License H and issued a wind-down general license that authorizes, through November 4, 2018, the wind down of activities involving Iran that were previously authorized pursuant to General License H. Our non-U.S. subsidiary commenced appropriate action to wind down the business activities in Iran pursuant to the wind-down license and any sales completed during the wind-down period may require additional disclosure pursuant to the abovementioned statute.

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit No.	Document	Method of Filing:
(a)	The following documents are filed as exhibits to this report:
(10.1)	Form of Commercial Paper Dealer Agreement for 4(a)(2) Program for U.S. $2,000,000,000 U.S. Commercial Paper Program. The dealers for the program are Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, BofAML Securities, Inc., Mizuho Securities USA Inc., and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC.	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10.1)(a) of our Form 10‑Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014. (File No. 001‑9328)
(15.1)	Letter regarding unaudited interim financial information.	Filed herewith electronically.
(31.1)	Rule 13a - 14(a) CEO Certification.	Filed herewith electronically.
(31.2)	Rule 13a - 14(a) CFO Certification.	Filed herewith electronically.
(32.1)	Section 1350 CEO and CFO Certifications.	Filed herewith electronically.
(101.1)	Interactive Data File.	Filed herewith electronically.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	ECOLAB INC.


Date: August 2, 2018	By:	/s/ Bruno Lavandier
		Bruno Lavandier
		Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller
		(duly authorized officer and
		Chief Accounting Officer)