EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORP - Quarter Report: 2007 August (Form 10-Q)

 

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

þ		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended August 31, 2007

o		TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________.

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		73-0750007 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

10302 East 55th Place, Tulsa, Oklahoma (Address of principal executive offices)		74146-6515 (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (918) 622-4522

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ     No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer o          Accelerated filer o          Non-accelerated filer þ

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)

Yes o     No þ

As of October 10, 2007 there were 3,758,024 shares of Educational Development Corporation Common Stock, $0.20 par value outstanding.

 

 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

		August 31, 2007				February 28, 2007
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	1,431,000			$	1,254,300
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns $167,400 (August 31) and $158,900 (February 28)			3,136,200				2,849,300
Inventories—Net			12,064,000				12,388,000
Prepaid expenses and other assets			84,400				95,400
Income taxes receivable			—				3,400
Deferred income taxes			129,500				117,500
Total current assets			16,845,100				16,707,900
INVENTORIES—Net			397,000				459,100
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT—Net			2,416,700				2,385,300
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES			131,100				149,600
TOTAL		$	19,789,900			$	19,701,900
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable		$	2,874,800			$	3,308,300
Accrued salaries and commissions			469,100				560,900
Income taxes payable			493,000				—
Other current liabilities			149,600				171,400
Total current liabilities			3,986,500				4,040,600
COMMITMENTS
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock, $0.20 par value; Authorized 8,000,000 shares; Issued 5,791,840 shares; Outstanding 3,758,024 (Aug 31) and 3,757,323 (February 28) shares			1,158,400				1,158,400
Capital in excess of par value			7,649,100				7,649,100
Retained earnings			17,847,000				17,707,700
			26,654,500				26,515,200
Less treasury stock, at cost			(10,851,100	)			(10,853,900	)
			15,803,400				15,661,300
TOTAL		$	19,789,900			$	19,701,900

See notes to financial statements.

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)

 

		Three Months Ended August 31,								Six Months Ended August 31,
		2007				2006				2007				2006
GROSS SALES		$	8,768,000			$	9,059,900			$	18,904,100			$	19,803,300
Less discounts and allowances			(2,913,500	)			(2,971,200	)			(5,819,100	)			(6,012,800	)
Transportation revenue			364,000				395,700				740,000				800,800
NET REVENUES			6,218,500				6,484,400				13,825,000				14,591,300
COST OF SALES			2,302,000				2,516,500				5,008,500				5,395,900
Gross margin			3,916,500				3,967,900				8,816,500				9,195,400
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Operating and selling			1,593,200				1,639,700				3,429,100				3,481,500
Sales commissions			1,317,200				1,403,800				3,047,700				3,276,900
General and administrative			408,500				484,600				817,300				909,600
Interest			—				4,900				—				7,600
			3,318,900				3,533,000				7,294,100				7,675,600
OTHER INCOME			9,200				266,000				22,400				271,600
EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES			606,800				700,900				1,544,800				1,791,400
INCOME TAXES			227,000				276,900				579,500				670,800
NET EARNINGS		$	379,800			$	424,000			$	965,300			$	1,120,600
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Basic		$	0.10			$	0.11			$	0.26			$	0.30
Diluted		$	0.10			$	0.11			$	0.25			$	0.29
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON AND EQUIVALENT SHARES OUTSTANDING:
Basic			3,766,413				3,756,042				3,763,257				3,741,595
Diluted			3,877,557				3,869,908				3,878,266				3,903,439

See notes to financial statements.

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED AUGUST 31, 2007

 

		Common Stock
		(par value $0.20 per share)
		Number of								Capital in								Treasury Stock
		Shares								Excess of				Retained				Number of								Shareholders’
		Issued				Amount				Par Value				Earnings				Shares				Amount				Equity
BALANCE—March 1, 2007			5,791,840			$	1,158,400			$	7,649,100			$	17,707,700				2,034,517			$	(10,853,900	)		$	15,661,300
Purchases of treasury stock																			8,111				(65,800	)			(65,800	)
Sales of treasury stock																			(8,812	)			68,600				68,600
Dividends declared ($.22 per share)															(826,000	)											(826,000	)
Net earnings															965,300												965,300
BALANCE—August 31, 2007			5,791,840			$	1,158,400			$	7,649,100			$	17,847,000				2,033,816			$	(10,851,100	)		$	15,803,400

See notes to financial statements.

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED AUGUST 31,

 

		2007				2006
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:		$	1,105,300			$	1,391,800
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES—
Purchases of property and equipment			(105,400	)			(23,200	)
Net cash used in investing activities			(105,400	)			(23,200	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings on revolving credit agreement			—				3,278,000
Payments on revolving credit agreement			—				(3,954,000	)
Cash received from exercise of stock options			—				12,500
Tax benefit of stock options exercised							9,100
Cash received from sale of treasury stock			68,600				65,200
Cash paid to acquire treasury stock			(65,800	)			(80,700	)
Dividends paid			(826,000	)			(751,200	)
Net cash used in financing activities			(823,200	)			(1,421,100	)
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS			176,700				(52,500	)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—BEGINNING OF PERIOD			1,254,300				321,500
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—END OF PERIOD		$	1,431,000			$	269,000
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest		$	—			$	9,900
Cash paid for income taxes		$	76,500			$	948,400

See notes to financial statements.

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — The information shown with respect to the three and six months ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, which is unaudited, includes all adjustments which in the opinion of Management are considered to be necessary for a fair presentation of earnings for such periods. The adjustments reflected in the financial statements represent normal recurring adjustments. The results of operations for the three and six months ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected at year end due to seasonality of the product sales.

          These financial statements and notes are prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim reporting and should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and accompanying notes contained in our Annual Report to Shareholders for the Fiscal Year ended February 28, 2007.

Note 2 — Effective June 30, 2007 we signed a Ninth Amendment to the Credit and Security Agreement with Arvest Bank which provided a $5,000,000 line of credit through June 30, 2008. Interest is payable monthly at the Wall Street Journal prime-floating rate minus 0.75% (7.50% at August 31, 2007) and borrowings are collateralized by substantially all the assets of the Company. At August 31, 2007 the Company had no debt outstanding under this agreement. Available credit under the revolving credit agreement was $5,000,000 at August 31, 2007. No borrowings were outstanding under the agreement during the quarter ended August 31, 2007.

          This agreement also contains a provision for our use of the Bank’s letters of credit. The Bank agrees to issue, or obtain issuance of commercial or standby letters of credit provided that no letters of credit will have an expiry date later than June 30, 2008 and that the sum of the line of credit plus the letters of credit would not exceed the borrowing base in effect at the time.

Note 3 — Inventories consist of the following:

		2007
		August 31.				February 28,
Current:
Book inventory		$	12,100,400			$	12,421,400
Inventory valuation allowance			(36,400	)			(33,400	)
Inventories net—current		$	12,064,000			$	12,388,000
Noncurrent:
Book inventory		$	697,000			$	808,000
Inventory valuation allowance			(300,000	)			(348,900	)
Inventories net—noncurrent		$	397,000			$	459,100

          We occasionally purchase book inventory in quantities in excess of what will be sold within the normal operating cycle due to minimum order requirements of our primary supplier. These amounts are included in non-current inventory.

          Significant portions of our inventory purchases are concentrated with an England-based publishing company. Purchases from this company were approximately $2.6 million and $2.3 million for the three months ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Total inventory purchases from all suppliers were approximately $3.5 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

For the six months ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, purchases from this company were approximately $4.3 million and $4.1 million. Total inventory purchases from all suppliers were approximately $5.8 million and $5.1 million for the same respective periods.

Note 4 — Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is based on the combined weighted average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares issuable which include, where appropriate, the assumed exercise of options. In computing diluted EPS we have utilized the treasury stock method.

          The computation of weighted average common and common equivalent shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) is shown below.

Earnings Per Share:

		Three Months								Six Months
		Ended August 31,								Ended August 31,
		2007				2006				2007				2006
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders		$	379,800			$	424,000			$	965,300			$	1,120,700
Shares:
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic			3,766,413				3,756,042				3,763,257				3,756,251
Assumed exercise of options			111,144				113,866				115,009				122,173
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted			3,877,557				3,869,908				3,878,266				3,878,424
Basic Earnings Per Share		$	0.10			$	0.11			$	0.26			$	0.30
Diluted Earnings Per Share		$	0.10			$	0.11			$	0.25			$	0.29

          In April 2004, our Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to 500,000 additional shares of our common stock under a plan initiated in 1998. This plan has no expiration date. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2008, we repurchased 500 shares of common stock. The maximum number of shares that may be repurchased in the future is 146,439.

Note 5 — We account for stock-based compensation whereby share-based payment transactions with employees, such as stock options and restricted stock, are measured at estimated fair value at date of grant and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period.

Note 6 — Freight costs and handling costs incurred are included in operating & selling expenses and were $523,800 and $505,000 for the three months ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

For the six months ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, freight and handling costs incurred are included in operating & selling expenses and were $1,117,200 and $1,064,000.

Note 7 — We have two reportable segments: Publishing and Usborne Books at Home (“UBAH”). These reportable segments are business units that offer different methods of distribution to different types of customers. They are managed separately based on the fundamental differences in their operations. The Publishing Division markets its products to retail accounts, which include book, school supply, toy and gift stores and museums, through commissioned sales representatives, trade and specialty wholesalers and an internal telesales group. The UBAH Division markets its product line through a network of independent sales consultants through a combination of direct sales, home shows, book fairs and the Internet.

          The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those of the rest of the Company. We evaluate segment performance based on earnings (loss) before income taxes of the segments, which is defined as segment net sales reduced by direct cost of sales and direct expenses. Corporate expenses, depreciation, interest expense and income taxes are not allocated to the segments, but are listed in the “other” column. Corporate expenses include the executive department, accounting department, information services department, general office management and building facilities management. Our assets and liabilities are not allocated on a segment basis.

     Information by industry segment for the three and six months ended August 31, 2007 and 2006 follows:

		NET REVENUES
		Three Months								Six Months
		Ended August 31,								Ended August 31,
		2007				2006				2007				2006
Publishing		$	2,131,800				2,097,500			$	4,163,100				4,168,600
UBAH		$	4,086,700				4,386,900			$	9,661,900				10,422,700
Other		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—
Total		$	6,218,500			$	6,484,400			$	13,825,000			$	14,591,300

		EARNINGS (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES
		Three Months								Six Months
		Ended August 31,								Ended August 31,
		2007				2006				2007				2006
Publishing		$	669,500				585,400			$	1,284,600				1,243,800
UBAH		$	868,900				879,900			$	2,072,900				2,205,000
Other		$	(931,600	)			(764,400	)		$	(1,812,700	)			(1,657,400	)
Total		$	606,800			$	700,900			$	1,544,800			$	1,791,400

Note 8 —The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) periodically issues new accounting standards in a continuing effort to improve standards of financial accounting and reporting. We have reviewed the recently issued pronouncements and concluded that the following new accounting standards are applicable to us.

     In February 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 155 “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments” amending SFAS No. 133 and SFAS No. 140. SFAS No. 155 eliminates the exemption from applying SFAS No. 133 to securitized financial assets. The provisions of SFAS No. 155 are to be applied to financial instruments issued or acquired during fiscal periods beginning after September 15, 2006. The adoption of SFAS No. 155 did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

     FASB Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (FIN 48) was issued in June 2006. It clarifies recognition and derecognition criteria for tax positions taken in a return that may be subject to challenge upon audit. If it is “more likely than not,” that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, the benefit is to be recognized in the financial statements. Conversely, if the position is less likely than not to be sustained, the benefit should not be recognized. The recognition/derecognition decision should be reflected in the first interim period when the status changes and not deferred to a future settlement upon audit. General tax reserves to cover aggressive positions taken in filed returns are no longer allowable. Each issue must be judged on its own merits and a recognition/derecognition decision recorded in the financial statements. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The adoption of this Interpretation in the first quarter of fiscal year 2008 did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations in future periods.

     In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements” which amends and puts in one place guidance on the use of fair value measurements which had been spread through four APB Opinions and 37 FASB Standards. No extensions of the use of fair value measurements are contained in this new pronouncement, and with some special industry exceptions (e.g., broker-dealers), no significant changes in practice should ensue. The standard is to be applied to financial statements beginning after November 15, 2007. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

     In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 “Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”. This standard permits the use of fair value measurement of financial assets and liabilities in the balance sheet with the net change in fair value recognized in periodic net income. The Standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 2 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Factors Affecting Forward Looking Statements

          MD&A contains statements that are forward-looking and include numerous risks which you should carefully consider. Additional risks and uncertainties may also materially and adversely affect our business. You should read the following discussion in connection with our consolidated financial statements, including the notes to those statements, included in this document. Our fiscal years end on February 28.

Overview

          We operate two separate divisions, Publishing and Usborne Books at Home (“UBAH”), to sell the Usborne line of children’s books. These two divisions each have their own customer base. The Publishing Division markets its products on a wholesale basis to various retail accounts. The UBAH Division markets its products to individual consumers as well as school and public libraries.

          The following table shows consolidated statement of income data as a percentage of total revenues.

		Earnings as a Percent of Total Revenues
		Three Months Ended August 31,								Six Months Ended August 31,
		2007				2006				2007				2006
Net revenues			100.0	%			100.0	%			100.0	%			100.0	%
Cost of sales			37.0	%			38.8	%			36.2	%			37.0	%
Gross margin			63.0	%			61.2	%			63.8	%			63.0	%
Operating expenses:
Operating & selling			25.5	%			25.3	%			24.8	%			23.9	%
Sales commissions			21.2	%			21.6	%			22.1	%			22.4	%
General & administrative			6.7	%			7.5	%			5.9	%			6.2	%
Interest			0.0	%			0.1	%			0.0	%			0.1	%
Total operating expenses			53.4	%			54.5	%			52.8	%			52.6	%
Income from operations			9.6	%			6.7	%			11.0	%			10.4	%
Other income			0.2	%			4.1	%			0.2	%			1.9	%
Earnings before income taxes			9.8	%			10.8	%			11.2	%			12.3	%
Income taxes			3.7	%			4.3	%			4.2	%			4.6	%
Net earnings			6.1	%			6.5	%			7.0	%			7.7	%

Operating Results for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2007

          We earned income before income taxes of $606,800 for the three months ended August 31, 2007 compared with $700,900 for the three months ended August 31, 2006.

Revenues

		For the Three Months Ended August 31,								$ Increase/				% Increase/
		2007				2006				(decrease)				(decrease)
Gross sales		$	8,768,000			$	9,059,900			$	(291,900	)			-3.2	%
Less discounts & allowances			(2,913,500	)			(2,971,200	)			57,700				-1.9	%
Transportation revenue			364,000				395,700				(31,700	)			-8.0	%
Net revenues		$	6,218,500			$	6,484,400			$	(265,900	)			-4.1	%

          The UBAH Division’s gross sales decreased 8.0% or $379,700 during the three month period ending August 31, 2007 when compared with the same quarterly period a year ago. This decrease consists of a 9% decrease in home party sales, a 2% decrease in direct sales and a 13% decrease in school and library sales, offset by a 27% increase in Internet sales. The decline in home party sales is attributed primarily to a 2% decline in the total number of home shows held and an 8%

decrease in average per order sales. The decline in home party sales and direct sales occurred as more consultants replaced these with Internet orders.

          The Publishing Division’s gross sales increased 2.0% or $87,900 during the three month period ending August 31, 2007 when compared with the same quarterly period a year ago. We attribute this to a 15.6% increase in sales to the smaller books stores, offset by a 16.9% decrease in sales to the national chains and a 6% increase in sales to other accounts.

          The UBAH Division’s discounts and allowances were $623,800 and $734,100 for the quarterly periods ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The UBAH Division is a multi-level selling organization that markets its products through independent sales representatives (“consultants”). Sales are made to individual purchasers and school and public libraries. Most sales in the UBAH Division are at retail. As a part of the UBAH Division’s marketing programs, discounts between 40% and 50% of retail are offered on selected items at various times throughout the year. The discounts and allowances in the UBAH Division will vary from year to year depending upon the marketing programs in place during any given year. The UBAH Division’s discounts and allowances were 14.3% of UBAH’s gross sales for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2007 and 15.5% for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2006.

          The Publishing Division’s discounts and allowances are a much larger percentage of gross sales than discounts and allowances in the UBAH Division due to the different customer markets that each division targets. The Publishing Division’s discounts and allowances were $2,289,700 and $2,237,100 for the quarterly periods ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The Publishing Division sells to retail book chains, regional and local bookstores, toy and gift stores, school supply stores and museums. To be competitive with other wholesale book distributors, the Publishing Division sells at discounts between 48% and 55% of the retail price, based upon the quantity of books ordered and the dollar amount of the order. The Publishing Division’s discounts and allowances were 51.9% of Publishing’s gross sales for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2007 and 51.8% for the quarterly period ended August 31, 2006.

          The decrease in transportation revenues for the three months ended August 31, 2007 was proportionate to the decrease in sales for the period.

Expenses

		For Three Months Ended August 31,								$ Increase/				% Increase/
		2007				2006				(decrease)				(decrease)
Cost of sales			2,302,000			$	2,516,500			$	(214,500	)			-8.5	%
Operating & selling			1,593,200				1,639,700				(46,500	)			-2.8	%
Sales commissions			1,317,200				1,403,800				(86,600	)			-6.2	%
General & administrative			408,500				484,600				(76,100	)			-15.7	%
Interest			—				4,900				(4,900	)			-100.0	%
Total		$	5,620,900			$	6,049,500			$	(428,600	)			-7.1	%

          Cost of sales decreased 8.5% for the three months ended August 31, 2007 when compared with the three months ended August 31, 2006. Cost of sales as a percentage of gross sales was 26.3% for the three months ended August 31, 2007 and for the three months ended August 31, 2006 was 27.8%. Cost of sales is the inventory cost of the product sold, which includes the cost of the product itself and inbound freight charges. Purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, warehousing costs, and other costs of our distribution network are included in operating and selling expenses. These costs totaled $242,900 in the quarter ended August 31, 2007 and $266,100 in the quarter ended August 31, 2006. Readers should be cautious when comparing our gross margins with the gross margins of other companies, since some companies include the costs of their distribution networks in cost of sales.

          In addition to costs associated with our distribution network (noted above), operating and selling costs include expenses of the Publishing Division, the UBAH Division and the order entry and customer service functions. Operating and selling expenses decreased because of a $41,300 decrease in the estimated costs of the travel contests held by the UBAH Division and a decrease in sales incentives offered by the UBAH Division totaling $19,500. These decreases were offset by a $12,300 increase in postage and freight. Advertising costs in the Publishing Division decreased $12,100 while exhibit and

trade show costs increased $16,100. Operating and selling expenses as a percentage of gross sales were 18.2% for the quarter ended August 31, 2007 and 18.1% for the quarter ended August 31, 2006.

          Sales commissions in the Publishing Division increased 24.5% to $41,000 for the three months ended August 31, 2007. Publishing Division sales commissions are paid on net sales and were 1.9% of net sales for the three months ended August 31, 2007 and 1.5% of net sales for the three months ended August 31, 2006. Sales commissions in the Publishing Division will fluctuate depending upon the amount of sales made to our “house accounts,” which are the Publishing Division’s largest customers and do not have any commission expense associated with them, and sales made by our outside sales representatives.

          Sales commissions in the UBAH Division decreased 11.7% to $1,276,200 for the three months ended August 31, 2007, the direct result of decreased sales from home shows and school and library sales in this division. UBAH Division sales commissions are paid on retail sales and were 37.4% of retail sales for the three months ended August 31, 2007 and 38.4% of retail sales for the three months ended August 31, 2006. The fluctuation in the percentages of commission expense to retail sales is the result of the type of sale. Home shows, book fairs, school and library sales and direct sales have different commission rates. Also contributing to the fluctuations in the percentages is the payment of overrides and bonuses, both dependent on consultants’ monthly sales and downline sales.

          Our effective tax rate was 37.4% and 39.5% for the quarterly periods ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. These rates are higher than the federal statutory rate due to state income taxes.

Operating Results for the Six Months Ended August 31, 2007

          We earned income before income taxes of $1,544,800 for the six months ended August 31, 2007 compared with $1,791,400 for the six months ended August 31, 2006.

Revenues

		For the Six Months Ended August 31,								$ Increase/				% Increase/
		2007				2006				(decrease)				(decrease)
Gross sales		$	18,904,100			$	19,803,300			$	(899,200	)			-4.5	%
Less discounts & allowances			(5,819,100	)			(6,012,800	)			193,700				-3.2	%
Transportation revenue			740,000				800,800				(60,800	)			-7.6	%
Net revenues		$	13,825,000			$	14,591,300			$	(766,300	)			-5.3	%

          The UBAH Division’s gross sales decreased 8.0% or $898,600 during the six month period ending August 31, 2007 when compared with the same six month period a year ago. This decrease consists of an 11% decrease in home party sales, a 3% decrease in direct sales and a 9% decrease in school and library sales, offset by a 28% increase in Internet sales. The decline in home party sales is attributed primarily to a 4% decline in the total number of home shows held and a 7% decrease in average per order sales. The decline in home party sales and direct sales occurred as more consultants replaced these with Internet orders. The decline in school and library sales is due to the decline in funding received by the schools.

          The Publishing Division’s gross sales increased by $500 during the six month period ending August 31, 2007 when compared with the same six month period a year ago. We attribute this to a 15.6% increase in sales to the smaller books stores, offset by a 16.9% decrease in sales to the national chains and a 6% increase in sales to other accounts.

          The UBAH Division’s discounts and allowances were $1,329,900 and $1,529,600 for the six month periods ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The UBAH Division is a multi-level selling organization that markets its products through independent sales representatives (“consultants”). Sales are made to individual purchasers and school and public libraries. Most sales in the UBAH Division are at retail. As a part of the UBAH Division’s marketing programs, discounts between 40% and 50% of retail are offered on selected items at various times throughout the year. The discounts and allowances in the UBAH Division will vary from year to year depending upon the marketing programs in place during any given year. The UBAH Division’s discounts and allowances were 12.9% of UBAH’s gross sales for the six month period ended August 31, 2007 and 13.7% for the six month period ended August 31, 2006.

          The Publishing Division’s discounts and allowances are a much larger percentage of gross sales than discounts and allowances in the UBAH Division due to the different customer markets that each division targets. The Publishing Division’s discounts and allowances were $4,489,200 and $4,483,200 for the six month periods ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The Publishing Division sells to retail book chains, regional and local bookstores, toy and gift stores, school supply stores and museums. To be competitive with other wholesale book distributors, the Publishing Division sells at discounts between 48% and 55% of the retail price, based upon the quantity of books ordered and the dollar amount of the order. The Publishing Division’s discounts and allowances were 52.0% of Publishing’s gross sales for the six month period ended August 31, 2007 and 51.9% for the six month period ended August 31, 2006.

          The decrease in transportation revenues for the six months ended August 31, 2007 was primarily a result of the decrease in sales for the period.

Expenses

		For Six Months Ended August 31,								$ Increase/				% Increase/
		2007				2006				(decrease)				(decrease)
Cost of sales			5,008,500			$	5,395,900			$	(387,400	)			-7.2	%
Operating & selling			3,429,100				3,481,500				(52,400	)			-1.5	%
Sales commissions			3,047,700				3,276,900				(229,200	)			-7.0	%
General & administrative			817,300				909,600				(92,300	)			-10.1	%
Interest			—				7,600				(7,600	)			-100.0	%
Total		$	12,302,600			$	13,071,500			$	(768,900	)			-5.9	%

          Cost of sales decreased 8.5% for the six months ended August 31, 2007 when compared with the six months ended August 31, 2006, consistent with the decrease in sales for the quarter. Cost of sales as a percentage of gross sales was 26.5% for the six months ended August 31, 2007 and for the six months ended August 31, 2006 was 27.2%. Cost of sales is the inventory cost of the product sold, which includes the cost of the product itself and inbound freight charges. Purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, warehousing costs, and other costs of our distribution network are included in operating and selling expenses. These costs totaled $543,800 in the six months ended August 31, 2007 and $556,800 in the six months ended August 31, 2006. Readers should be cautious when comparing our gross margins with the gross margins of other companies, since some companies include the costs of their distribution networks in cost of sales.

          In addition to costs associated with our distribution network (noted above), operating and selling costs include expenses of the Publishing Division, the UBAH Division and the order entry and customer service functions. Operating and selling expenses decreased because of a $45,700 decrease in the estimated costs of the travel contests held by the UBAH Division and a decrease in sales incentives offered by the UBAH Division totaling $14,100. These decreases were offset by a $21,400 increase in postage and freight, along with an increase of $20,300 in advertising and promotions. Advertising costs in the Publishing Division decreased $54,500 as we did not participate in cooperative advertising programs with the major book chains that we participated in last year. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in postage and freight of $38,800 due to higher fuel costs and free shipping specials offered during the six month period. Operating and selling expenses as a percentage of gross sales were 18.1% for the six months ended August 31, 2007 and 17.6% for the six months ended August 31, 2006.

          Sales commissions in the Publishing Division increased 22.5% to $76,000 for the six months ended August 31, 2007. Publishing Division sales commissions are paid on net sales and were 1.8% of net sales for the six months ended August 31, 2007 and 1.4% of net sales for the six months ended August 31, 2006. Sales commissions in the Publishing Division will fluctuate depending upon the amount of sales made to our “house accounts,” which are the Publishing Division’s largest customers and do not have any commission expense associated with them, and sales made by our outside sales representatives.

          Sales commissions in the UBAH Division decreased 8.3% to $2,971,800 for the six months ended August 31, 2007, the direct result of decreased sales from home shows and school and library sales in this division. UBAH Division sales commissions are paid on retail sales and were 35.2% of retail sales for the six months ended August 31, 2007 and 36.1% of retail sales for the six months ended August 31, 2006. The fluctuation in the percentages of commission expense to retail sales is the result of the type of sale. Home shows, book fairs, school and library sales and direct sales have different

commission rates. Also contributing to the fluctuations in the percentages is the payment of overrides and bonuses, both dependent on consultants’ monthly sales and downline sales.

          Our effective tax rate was 37.5% and 37.4% for the six month periods ended August 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. These rates are higher than the federal statutory rate due to state income taxes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

          Our primary source of cash is operating cash flow. Our primary uses of cash are to purchase property and equipment and pay dividends. We utilize our bank credit facility to meet our short-term cash needs when necessary.

          Our Board of Directors has adopted a stock repurchase plan in which we may purchase up to 2,500,000 shares as market conditions warrant. Management believes the stock is undervalued and when stock becomes available at an attractive price, we will utilize free cash flow to repurchase shares. Management believes this enhances the value to the remaining stockholders and that these repurchases will have no adverse effect on our short-term and long-term liquidity. We repurchased 500 shares at a cost of $3,600 during the quarter ended August 31, 2007.

          We have a history of profitability and positive cash flow. We can sustain planned growth levels with minimal capital requirements. Consequently, cash generated from operations is used to liquidate any existing debt and then to repurchase shares outstanding or capital distributions through dividends

          Our primary source of liquidity is cash generated from operations. During the second three months of fiscal year 2008 we experienced a positive cash flow from operating activities of $668,900. Cash flow from operating activities was increased primarily by net income after taxes of $379,800, an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $638,,700 and an increase in income taxes payable of $294,100. Offsetting these were increases in accounts receivable of $548,900 and inventory of $478,900. Fluctuations in inventory involve the timing of shipments received from our principal supplier. We believe that the inventory levels are at an adequate level to meet sales requirements and do not foresee increasing inventory significantly during fiscal year 2008. Fluctuations in accounts payable and accrued expenses involve timing of shipments received from our principal supplier and the payments associated with these shipments.

          We believe that in fiscal year 2008 we will experience a positive cash flow and that this positive cash flow along with the bank credit facility will be adequate to meet its liquidity requirements for the foreseeable future.

          We estimate that total cash used in investing activities for fiscal year 2008 will be less than $250,000. This would consist of software and hardware enhancements to our existing data processing equipment, property improvements and additional warehouse equipment.

          Cash used in financing activities was $65,800 from the purchase of treasury stock.

          As of August 31, 2007 we did not have any commitments in excess of one year.

Bank Credit Agreement

          Effective June 30, 2007 we signed a Ninth Amendment to the Credit and Security Agreement with Arvest Bank which provided a $5,000,000 line of credit through June 30, 2008. Interest is payable monthly at the Wall Street Journal prime-floating rate minus 0.75% (7.50% at August 31, 2007) and borrowings are collateralized by substantially all of our assets. At August 31, 2007 we had no debt outstanding under this agreement. Available credit under the revolving credit agreement was $5,000,000 at August 31, 2007. No borrowings were outstanding under the agreement during the quarter ended August 31, 2007.

          This agreement also contains a provision for our use of the Bank’s letters of credit. The Bank agrees to issue, or obtain issuance of commercial or standby letters of credit provided that no letters of credit will have an expiry date later than June 30, 2008 and that the sum of the line of credit plus the letters of credit would not exceed the borrowing base in effect at the time.

Critical Accounting Policies

          Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to our valuation of inventory, allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, allowance for sales returns, long-lived assets and deferred income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

          Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Historically, however, actual results have not differed materially from those determined using required estimates. Our significant accounting policies are described in the notes accompanying the financial statements included elsewhere in this report. However, we consider the following accounting policies to be more significantly dependent on the use of estimates and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition

          Sales are recognized and recorded when products are shipped. Products are shipped FOB shipping point. The UBAH Division’s sales are paid before the product is shipped. These sales accounted for 63.8% of net revenues for the quarter ended August 31, 2007 and 71% for the quarter ended August 31, 2006. The provisions of the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No.104, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements,” have been applied, and as a result, a reserve is provided for estimated future sales returns.

          Our sales return policy allows the customer to return all purchases for an exchange or refund for up to 30 days after the customer receives the item. Estimated allowances for sales returns are recorded as sales are recognized and recorded. Management uses a moving average calculation to estimate the allowance for sales returns. We are not responsible for product damaged in transit. Damaged returns are primarily from the retail stores. The damages occur in the stores, not in shipping to the stores. It is industry practice to accept returns from wholesale customers. Transportation revenue, the amount billed to the customer for shipping the product, is recorded when products are shipped. Management has estimated and included a reserve for sales returns of $84,000 as of August 31, 2007 and $78,000 as of February 28, 2007.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

          We maintain an allowance for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. An estimate of uncollectable amounts is made by management based upon historical bad debts, current customer receivable balances, age of customer receivable balances, the customer’s financial condition and current economic trends. If the actual uncollected amounts significantly exceed the estimated allowance, then our operating results would be significantly adversely affected. Management has estimated and included an allowance for doubtful accounts of $83,400 and $81,000 as of August 31, 2007 and February 28, 2007, respectively.

Inventory

          Management continually estimates and calculates the amount of non-current inventory. Non-current inventory arises due to occasionally purchasing book inventory in quantities in excess of what will be sold within the normal operating cycle due to minimum order requirements of our primary supplier. Non-current inventory was estimated by management using the current year turnover ratio by title. All inventory in excess of 2 ¹/2 years of anticipated sales was classified as noncurrent inventory. Noncurrent inventory balances, before valuation allowance, were $697,000 at August 31, 2007 and $808,000 at February 28, 2007.

          Inventories are presented net of a valuation allowance. Management has estimated and included a valuation allowance for both current and noncurrent inventory. This reserve is based on management’s identification of slow moving inventory on hand at August 31, 2007 and February 28, 2007. Management has estimated a valuation allowance for both current and noncurrent inventory of $336,400 and $382,200 as of August 31, 2007 and February 28, 2007, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

          We account for stock-based compensation whereby share-based payment transactions with employees, such as stock options and restricted stock, are measured at estimated fair value at date of grant and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

          We do not have any material market risk.

Item 4 CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

          An evaluation was performed of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) as of August 31, 2007. This evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Controller/Corporate Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer).

          Based on that evaluation, these officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in accordance within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.

          During the fiscal quarter covered by this report on Form 10-Q, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A RISK FACTORS

          No material changes occurred in the risk factors discussed in our Fiscal Year 2007 Form 10-K.

Item 2 UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

          The following table shows repurchases of our Common Stock during the quarter ended August 31, 2007.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

(d) Maximum

(c) Total Number

Number (or

of Shares (or

Approximate

Units) Purchased

Dollar Value)

as Part of

of Shares (or

Publicly

Units) that may

(a) Total Number

(b) Average

Announced

Yet Be Purchased

of Shares (or

Price Paid per

Plans

Under the

Period

Units) Purchased (1)

Share (or Unit)

or Programs (2)

Plans or Programs

June 1, 2007 — June 30, 2007

100

8.19

100

146,839

July 1, 2007 — July 31, 2007

—

—

—

146,839

August 1, 2007 — August 31, 2007

400

6.94

400

146,439

Total

500

7.19

500

Item 5 OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Item 6 EXHIBITS

31.1		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Educational Development Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 furnished herewith.
31.2		Certification of Controller and Corporate Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) of Educational Development Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 furnished herewith.
32.1		Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
(Registrant)

Date: October 12, 2007		By		/s/ Randall W. White
				Randall W. White President

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.		Description
31.1		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Educational Development Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 furnished herewith.
31.2		Certification of Controller and Corporate Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) of Educational Development Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 furnished herewith.
32.1		Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.