Ellington Financial Inc. - Quarter Report: 2013 June (Form 10-Q)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-34569
Ellington Financial LLC
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware | 26-0489289 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
53 Forest Avenue, Old Greenwich, Connecticut 06870 | ||
(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code) |
(203) 698-1200
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filers" "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer | ¨ | Accelerated Filer | x |
Non-Accelerated Filer | ¨ | Smaller Reporting Company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class | Outstanding at August 2, 2013 | |
Common Shares Representing Limited Liability Company Interests, no par value | 25,417,155 |
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
INDEX
PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
June 30, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | ||||||
(In thousands except share amounts) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | ||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 201,795 | $ | 59,084 | |||
Investments, financial derivatives, and repurchase agreements: | |||||||
Investments at fair value (Cost – $1,675,134 and $1,328,153) | 1,710,422 | 1,375,116 | |||||
Financial derivatives – assets at fair value (Net cost – $47,291 and $65,860) | 46,977 | 48,504 | |||||
Repurchase agreements (Cost – $41,188 and $13,650) | 41,188 | 13,650 | |||||
Total investments, financial derivatives, and repurchase agreements | 1,798,587 | 1,437,270 | |||||
Due from brokers | 48,294 | 22,744 | |||||
Receivable for securities sold | 672,035 | 626,919 | |||||
Interest and principal receivable | 6,571 | 5,719 | |||||
Other assets | 1,125 | 379 | |||||
Total Assets | $ | 2,728,407 | $ | 2,152,115 | |||
LIABILITIES | |||||||
Investments and financial derivatives: | |||||||
Investments sold short at fair value (Proceeds – $614,208 and $621,048) | $ | 608,922 | $ | 622,301 | |||
Financial derivatives – liabilities at fair value (Net proceeds – $16,042 and $13,171) | 18,543 | 15,212 | |||||
Total investments and financial derivatives | 627,465 | 637,513 | |||||
Reverse repurchase agreements | 1,287,992 | 905,718 | |||||
Due to brokers | 30,345 | 30,954 | |||||
Payable for securities purchased | 136,084 | 57,333 | |||||
Securitized debt (Proceeds – $1,150 and $1,311) | 1,168 | 1,335 | |||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 1,917 | 1,995 | |||||
Base management fee payable | 2,405 | 1,934 | |||||
Incentive fee payable | 1,182 | 7,343 | |||||
Other payables | 311 | 903 | |||||
Interest and dividends payable | 1,680 | 732 | |||||
Total Liabilities | 2,090,549 | 1,645,760 | |||||
EQUITY | 637,858 | 506,355 | |||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $ | 2,728,407 | $ | 2,152,115 | |||
ANALYSIS OF EQUITY: | |||||||
Common shares, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; | |||||||
(25,412,011 and 20,370,469 shares issued and outstanding) | $ | 624,096 | $ | 497,373 | |||
Additional paid-in capital – LTIP units | 9,066 | 8,982 | |||||
Total Shareholders' Equity | 633,162 | 506,355 | |||||
Non-controlling interest | 4,696 | — | |||||
Total Equity | $ | 637,858 | $ | 506,355 | |||
PER SHARE INFORMATION: | |||||||
Common shares | $ | 24.92 | $ | 24.86 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2013
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value/Number of Shares | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
North America (r) | ||||||||||||
Long Investments (268.15%) (a) (p) | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities (260.25%) | ||||||||||||
Agency Securities (147.62%) (b) | ||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Agency Securities (143.67%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (129.00%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 75,125 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 2/43 | $ | 75,620 | ||||||
39,607 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 1/43 | 39,769 | ||||||||
19,593 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 12/41 | 20,895 | ||||||||
16,806 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 9/41 | 17,922 | ||||||||
17,552 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 8/42 | 17,846 | ||||||||
16,329 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 8/41 | 17,740 | ||||||||
17,128 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 6/28 | 17,574 | ||||||||
16,033 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/41 | 17,098 | ||||||||
15,831 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 5.00% | 7/41 | 17,076 | ||||||||
13,767 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 3/41 | 15,027 | ||||||||
12,008 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/42 | 12,523 | ||||||||
12,607 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 10/42 | 12,308 | ||||||||
11,105 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 9/41 | 11,775 | ||||||||
11,076 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/41 | 11,558 | ||||||||
10,519 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 7/41 | 11,480 | ||||||||
9,995 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 7/43 | 10,447 | ||||||||
9,753 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 1/42 | 10,177 | ||||||||
9,853 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 2/43 | 9,618 | ||||||||
8,923 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 10/41 | 9,454 | ||||||||
8,372 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 4/26 | 8,905 | ||||||||
6,614 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.50% | 10/39 | 7,250 | ||||||||
6,788 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 2/41 | 7,203 | ||||||||
6,480 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 1/43 | 6,325 | ||||||||
6,446 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 4/43 | 6,291 | ||||||||
5,593 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.54% | 11/62 | 6,177 | ||||||||
5,542 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.46% | 2/63 | 6,108 | ||||||||
5,965 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 5/43 | 6,064 | ||||||||
5,647 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 7/26 | 5,955 | ||||||||
5,385 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.58% | 10/62 | 5,952 | ||||||||
5,319 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.52% | 1/63 | 5,875 | ||||||||
5,771 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 6/43 | 5,869 | ||||||||
5,178 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.60% | 6/62 | 5,718 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value/Number of Shares | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (129.00%) (continued) | ||||||||||||
$ | 5,157 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.63% | 6/61 | $ | 5,661 | ||||||
5,062 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 6/41 | 5,474 | ||||||||
5,252 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 5/42 | 5,473 | ||||||||
5,355 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 8/42 | 5,444 | ||||||||
5,034 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 4/42 | 5,277 | ||||||||
5,040 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 10/41 | 5,260 | ||||||||
5,023 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 6/43 | 5,056 | ||||||||
4,638 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 11/40 | 5,038 | ||||||||
4,624 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 7/41 | 4,999 | ||||||||
5,092 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 6/43 | 4,970 | ||||||||
4,658 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 8/41 | 4,939 | ||||||||
4,669 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 7/42 | 4,747 | ||||||||
4,730 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 2/43 | 4,617 | ||||||||
4,418 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 2/42 | 4,605 | ||||||||
4,465 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 4,543 | ||||||||
4,456 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 7/42 | 4,528 | ||||||||
4,173 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 9/42 | 4,357 | ||||||||
3,965 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/41 | 4,280 | ||||||||
4,267 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 6/43 | 4,274 | ||||||||
4,010 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 7/27 | 4,129 | ||||||||
3,886 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 8/42 | 3,950 | ||||||||
3,511 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/35 | 3,834 | ||||||||
3,439 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.66% | 1/63 | 3,821 | ||||||||
3,368 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.80% | 2/61 | 3,698 | ||||||||
3,300 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.48% | 2/63 | 3,639 | ||||||||
3,587 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 3,637 | ||||||||
3,453 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/26 | 3,634 | ||||||||
3,429 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 6/27 | 3,581 | ||||||||
3,483 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 6/28 | 3,572 | ||||||||
3,552 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 6/43 | 3,566 | ||||||||
3,387 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 4/42 | 3,535 | ||||||||
3,469 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 1/43 | 3,529 | ||||||||
3,229 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 6/40 | 3,514 | ||||||||
3,292 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 4/42 | 3,500 | ||||||||
3,145 | Government National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.68% | 10/61 | 3,466 | ||||||||
3,326 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 6/28 | 3,430 | ||||||||
3,338 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 3/28 | 3,426 | ||||||||
3,242 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 9/42 | 3,385 | ||||||||
3,170 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 12/41 | 3,374 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
5
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value/Number of Shares | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (129.00%) (continued) | ||||||||||||
$ | 3,383 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 11/42 | $ | 3,301 | ||||||
3,162 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 1/42 | 3,293 | ||||||||
3,361 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 4/43 | 3,281 | ||||||||
3,228 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 12/42 | 3,280 | ||||||||
3,026 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 9/41 | 3,206 | ||||||||
3,148 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 5/43 | 3,202 | ||||||||
131,020 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association Pools | 3.00% - 6.00% | 3/26 - 7/43 | 136,057 | ||||||||
45,976 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pools | 3.00% - 6.00% | 4/26 - 7/43 | 46,836 | ||||||||
13,609 | Other Government National Mortgage Association Pools | 4.49% - 4.69% | 7/61 - 11/62 | 15,018 | ||||||||
822,835 | ||||||||||||
Interest Only - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (1.98%) | ||||||||||||
53,465 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association | 3.00% - 5.50% | 12/20 - 4/43 | 6,177 | ||||||||
24,264 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | 3.00% - 5.50% | 12/32 - 1/43 | 3,393 | ||||||||
22,552 | Other Government National Mortgage Association | 3.00% - 5.50% | 3/36 - 11/42 | 3,043 | ||||||||
12,613 | ||||||||||||
TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (12.69%) | ||||||||||||
65,800 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 3.00% | 7/13 | 64,135 | ||||||||
15,570 | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 4.00% | 7/13 | 16,221 | ||||||||
600 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 2.50% | 7/13 | 603 | ||||||||
80,959 | ||||||||||||
Total Fixed Rate Agency Securities (Cost $938,872) | 916,407 | |||||||||||
Floating Rate Agency Securities (3.95%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Floating Rate Agency Securities (1.63%) | ||||||||||||
3,804 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 2.53% | 5/38 | 4,005 | ||||||||
3,243 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 2.55% | 12/35 | 3,407 | ||||||||
2,851 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association Pools | 2.69% - 4.93% | 4/36 - 9/37 | 3,013 | ||||||||
10,425 | ||||||||||||
Interest Only - Floating Rate Agency Securities (2.32%) | ||||||||||||
46,845 | Other Government National Mortgage Association | 2.58% - 6.56% | 11/42 - 4/61 | 6,165 | ||||||||
31,510 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association | 5.50% - 6.56% | 8/36 - 2/43 | 5,865 | ||||||||
23,104 | Resecuritization of Government National Mortgage Association (q) | 4.28% | 8/60 | 2,754 | ||||||||
14,784 | ||||||||||||
Total Floating Rate Agency Securities (Cost $25,535) | 25,209 | |||||||||||
Total Agency Securities (Cost $964,407) | 941,616 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
6
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value/Number of Shares | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Private Label Securities (112.63%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Private Label Securities (112.06%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 989,570 | Various | 0.28% - 9.35% | 5/19 - 6/47 | $ | 714,797 | ||||||
Total Principal and Interest - Private Label Securities (Cost $656,261) | 714,797 | |||||||||||
Principal Only - Private Label Securities (0.39%) | ||||||||||||
5,800 | Various | —% | 8/30 | 2,466 | ||||||||
Total Principal Only - Private Label Securities (Cost $2,355) | 2,466 | |||||||||||
Interest Only - Private Label Securities (0.18%) | ||||||||||||
54,772 | Various | 0.50%-2.00% | 6/44 - 9/47 | 1,153 | ||||||||
Total Interest Only - Private Label Securities (Cost $569) | 1,153 | |||||||||||
Other Private Label Securities (0.00%) | ||||||||||||
136,465 | Various | —% | 6/37 | — | ||||||||
Total Other Private Label Securities (Cost $370) | — | |||||||||||
Total Private Label Securities (Cost $659,555) | 718,416 | |||||||||||
Total Mortgage-Backed Securities (Cost $1,623,962) | 1,660,032 | |||||||||||
Other Asset-Backed Securities (6.25%) | ||||||||||||
43,432 | Various | 0% - 9.78% | 6/17 - 12/49 | 39,840 | ||||||||
Total Other Asset-Backed Securities (Cost $40,767) | 39,840 | |||||||||||
Commercial Mortgage Loans (1.18%) (o) | ||||||||||||
9,041 | Various | 0% - 7.25% | 11/13 - 6/14 | 7,563 | ||||||||
Total Commercial Mortgage Loans (Cost $7,453) | 7,563 | |||||||||||
Common Stock (0.47%) | ||||||||||||
130 | Publicly Traded Real Estate Investment Trusts | 2,987 | ||||||||||
Total Common Stock (Cost $2,952) | 2,987 | |||||||||||
Total Long Investments (Cost $1,675,134) | $ | 1,710,422 |
Repurchase Agreements (6.46%) (a) (c) | ||||||||||||
$ | 18,116 | J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. Collateralized by Par Value $18,700 U.S. Treasury Note, Coupon 2.00%, Maturity Date 2/23 | 0.03% | 7/13 | $ | 18,116 | ||||||
13,422 | J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. Collateralized by Par Value $13,000 U.S. Treasury Note, Coupon 1.75%, Maturity Date 5/16 | 0.12% | 7/13 | 13,422 | ||||||||
9,650 | Bank of America Securities Collateralized by Par Value $10,000 U.S. Treasury Note, Coupon 1.13%, Maturity Date 12/19 | 0.08% | 7/13 | 9,650 | ||||||||
Total Repurchase Agreements (Cost $41,188) | $ | 41,188 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value/Number of Shares | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Investments Sold Short (-95.46%) (a) | ||||||||||||
TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities Sold Short (-88.08%) (d) | ||||||||||||
$ | (193,482 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 3.50% | 7/13 | $ | (196,437 | ) | ||||
(77,380 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 4.50% | 7/13 | (81,893 | ) | ||||||
(61,400 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 5.00% | 7/13 | (66,091 | ) | ||||||
(42,160 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 3.00% | 7/13 | (43,369 | ) | ||||||
(40,400 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 3.50% | 8/13 | (40,900 | ) | ||||||
(27,950 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 3.00% | 7/13 | (27,320 | ) | ||||||
(20,100 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 3.50% | 7/13 | (20,356 | ) | ||||||
(16,500 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 5.00% | 7/13 | (17,621 | ) | ||||||
(15,800 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 3.50% | 7/13 | (16,475 | ) | ||||||
(14,104 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 4.00% | 7/13 | (14,869 | ) | ||||||
(11,000 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 4.50% | 7/13 | (11,656 | ) | ||||||
(9,200 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 4.00% | 7/13 | (9,564 | ) | ||||||
(7,400 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 4.00% | 8/13 | (7,689 | ) | ||||||
(3,500 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 5.50% | 7/13 | (3,801 | ) | ||||||
(2,500 | ) | Other Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 6.00% | 7/13 | (2,720 | ) | ||||||
(1,000 | ) | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 6.00% | 7/13 | (1,084 | ) | ||||||
Total TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities Sold Short (Proceeds -$566,128) | (561,845 | ) | ||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities Sold Short (-6.42%) | ||||||||||||
(18,700 | ) | U.S. Treasury Note | 2.00% | 2/23 | (17,989 | ) | ||||||
(13,000 | ) | U.S. Treasury Note | 1.75% | 5/16 | (13,408 | ) | ||||||
(10,000 | ) | U.S. Treasury Note | 1.13% | 12/19 | (9,580 | ) | ||||||
Total U.S. Treasury Securities Sold Short (Proceeds -$41,929) | (40,977 | ) | ||||||||||
Common Stock Sold Short (-0.96%) | ||||||||||||
(439) | Publicly Traded Real Estate Investment Trusts | (6,100 | ) | |||||||||
Total Common Stock Sold Short (Proceeds -$6,151) | (6,100 | ) | ||||||||||
Total Investments Sold Short (Proceeds -$614,208) | $ | (608,922 | ) |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
8
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2013 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Primary Risk Exposure | Notional Value | Range of Expiration Dates | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | ||||||||||
Financial Derivatives - Assets (7.36%) (a) | |||||||||||
Swaps (7.36%) | |||||||||||
Long Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (Cost - $171) (f) | Credit | $ | 4,875 | 12/17 | $ | 127 | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (Proceeds - $217) (e) | Credit | 2,192 | 12/37 | 65 | |||||||
Total Return Swaps (k) | Equity Market | 2,922 | 3/14 - 6/15 | 65 | |||||||
Short Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Securities (g) | Credit | (26,625 | ) | 11/34 - 5/36 | 21,134 | ||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (h) | Credit | (63,937 | ) | 5/46 - 5/63 | 9,553 | ||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (i) | Interest Rates | (647,200 | ) | 3/15 - 6/23 | 15,967 | ||||||
Total Return Swaps (k) | Equity Market | (5,590 | ) | 9/13 | 61 | ||||||
Total Swaps (Net cost $47,291) | 46,972 | ||||||||||
Futures (0.00%) | |||||||||||
Long Futures: | |||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Note Futures (m) | Interest Rates | 6,700 | 9/13 | 5 | |||||||
Total Futures | 5 | ||||||||||
Total Financial Derivatives - Assets (Net cost $47,291) | $ | 46,977 | |||||||||
Financial Derivatives - Liabilities (-2.91%) (a) | |||||||||||
Swaps (-2.90%) | |||||||||||
Long Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (Proceeds - $13,953) (e) | Credit | $ | 41,455 | 12/49 - 5/52 | $ | (13,543 | ) | ||||
Total Return Swaps (k) | Equity Market | 4,817 | 3/14 - 6/15 | (118 | ) | ||||||
Short Swaps: | |||||||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (i) | Interest Rates | (4,200 | ) | 7/23 | (22 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (j) | Credit | (111,438 | ) | 12/17 - 6/18 | (4,236 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Securities (g) | Credit | (4,638 | ) | 9/34 - 3/35 | (541 | ) | |||||
Total Return Swaps (k) | Equity Market | (6,354 | ) | 9/13 | — | ||||||
Total Swaps (Net proceeds -$16,042) | (18,460 | ) | |||||||||
Futures (-0.01%) | |||||||||||
Long Futures: | |||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Note Futures (n) | Interest Rates | 27,800 | 9/13 | $ | (54 | ) | |||||
Short Futures: | |||||||||||
Eurodollar Futures (l) | Interest Rates | (21,000 | ) | 9/13 | (29 | ) | |||||
Total Futures | (83 | ) | |||||||||
Total Financial Derivatives - Liabilities (Net proceeds -$16,042) | $ | (18,543 | ) |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
9
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT JUNE 30, 2013 (CONCLUDED)
(UNAUDITED)
(a) | See Note 2 and Note 3 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(b) | At June 30, 2013, the Company's long investments guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Government National Mortgage Association represented 97.77%, 37.76%, and 12.09% of equity, respectively. |
(c) | In general, securities received pursuant to repurchase agreements were delivered to counterparties in short sale transactions. |
(d) | At June 30, 2013, the Company's short investments guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation represented 80.46% and 7.62% of equity, respectively. |
(e) | For long credit default swaps on asset-backed indices, the Company sold protection. |
(f) | For long credit default swaps on corporate bond indices, the Company sold protection. |
(g) | For short credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, the Company purchased protection. |
(h) | For short credit default swaps on asset-backed indices, the Company purchased protection. |
(i) | For short interest rate swap contracts, a fixed rate is being paid and a floating rate is being received. |
(j) | For short credit default swaps on corporate bond indices, the Company purchased protection. |
(k) | Notional value represents number of underlying shares or par value times the closing price of the underlying security. |
(l) | Every $1,000,000 in notional value represents one contract. |
(m) | Notional value represents the total face amount of U.S. Treasury Notes underlying all contracts held; as of June 30, 2013 67 contracts were held. |
(n) | Notional value represents the total face amount of U.S. Treasury Notes underlying all contracts held; as of June 30, 2013 229 contracts were held. |
(o) | Includes a loan with a fair value in the amount of $5.0 million where the maturity date may be extended through November 4, 2015 as well as a non-performing commercial whole loan. |
(p) | The table below shows the ratings on the Company's long investments, excluding common stock, from Moody's, Standard and Poor's, or Fitch, as well as the Company's long investments that were unrated but affiliated with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae. Ratings tend to be a lagging credit indicator; as a result, the credit quality of the Company's long investment holdings may be lower than the credit quality implied based on the ratings listed below. In situations where an investment has a split rating, the lowest provided rating is used. The ratings descriptions include ratings qualified with a "+," "-," "1," "2," or "3." |
Rating Description | Percent of Equity | ||
Unrated but Agency-Guaranteed | 146.99 | % | |
Aaa/AAA/AAA | 0.00 | % | |
Aa/AA/AA | 0.00 | % | |
A/A/A | 1.16 | % | |
Baa/BBB/BBB | 1.81 | % | |
Ba/BB/BB or below | 113.82 | % | |
Unrated | 3.90 | % |
(q) | Private trust 100% backed by interest in Government National Mortgage Association collateralized mortgage obligation certificates. |
(r) | Classification percentages are based on Total Equity. |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
10
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2012
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
North America (p) | ||||||||||||
Long Investments (271.57%) (a) (n) | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-Backed Securities (269.68%) | ||||||||||||
Agency Securities (161.52%) (b) | ||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Agency Securities (157.46%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (148.21%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 49,427 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 12/42 | $ | 52,864 | ||||||
45,304 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 48,596 | ||||||||
35,601 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 7/37 | 38,657 | ||||||||
21,338 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 12/41 | 23,268 | ||||||||
18,227 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 8/42 | 19,552 | ||||||||
17,845 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 9/41 | 19,459 | ||||||||
17,634 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 5.00% | 7/41 | 19,218 | ||||||||
17,621 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 8/41 | 19,201 | ||||||||
17,113 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/41 | 18,661 | ||||||||
15,869 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 3/41 | 17,430 | ||||||||
14,911 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 10/42 | 15,642 | ||||||||
14,242 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/42 | 15,407 | ||||||||
13,519 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 10/42 | 14,157 | ||||||||
11,985 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 9/41 | 12,994 | ||||||||
11,942 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 11/41 | 12,848 | ||||||||
11,003 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 7/41 | 12,058 | ||||||||
10,576 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 1/42 | 11,355 | ||||||||
9,576 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 4/26 | 10,338 | ||||||||
9,002 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 10/41 | 9,772 | ||||||||
8,321 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 2/41 | 9,038 | ||||||||
7,395 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.50% | 10/39 | 8,075 | ||||||||
7,428 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 10/42 | 7,984 | ||||||||
7,352 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 7/26 | 7,888 | ||||||||
6,324 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 6/41 | 6,891 | ||||||||
5,929 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 5/42 | 6,356 | ||||||||
5,689 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 5/42 | 6,141 | ||||||||
5,592 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 10/41 | 6,079 | ||||||||
5,642 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 6,020 | ||||||||
5,494 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 8/42 | 5,862 | ||||||||
5,085 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/41 | 5,534 | ||||||||
5,085 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 4/42 | 5,531 | ||||||||
5,045 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 11/40 | 5,497 | ||||||||
5,025 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 7/41 | 5,444 | ||||||||
4,944 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 8/41 | 5,361 | ||||||||
4,911 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 9/42 | 5,242 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
11
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2012 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (148.21%) (continued) | ||||||||||||
$ | 4,676 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 9/42 | $ | 5,059 | ||||||
4,725 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 7/42 | 5,042 | ||||||||
4,699 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/26 | 5,041 | ||||||||
4,513 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 4,828 | ||||||||
4,465 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 2/42 | 4,787 | ||||||||
4,456 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 7/27 | 4,710 | ||||||||
4,261 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 4,573 | ||||||||
4,009 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 11/41 | 4,303 | ||||||||
3,964 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 4,229 | ||||||||
3,926 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 8/42 | 4,189 | ||||||||
3,798 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 10/35 | 4,172 | ||||||||
3,864 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 10/42 | 4,116 | ||||||||
3,728 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.00% | 6/40 | 4,062 | ||||||||
3,726 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 12/41 | 4,040 | ||||||||
3,763 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 6/27 | 4,022 | ||||||||
3,766 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.00% | 8/27 | 3,980 | ||||||||
3,606 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 4/42 | 3,941 | ||||||||
3,526 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 6.00% | 4/39 | 3,848 | ||||||||
3,534 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 12/42 | 3,770 | ||||||||
3,442 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.50% | 9/41 | 3,737 | ||||||||
3,483 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 3,712 | ||||||||
3,419 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 4/42 | 3,706 | ||||||||
3,404 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 4.00% | 1/42 | 3,653 | ||||||||
3,344 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 9/42 | 3,618 | ||||||||
3,415 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.00% | 11/42 | 3,573 | ||||||||
3,288 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 2/42 | 3,518 | ||||||||
3,182 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/42 | 3,440 | ||||||||
3,095 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 11/41 | 3,355 | ||||||||
3,053 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 3,262 | ||||||||
2,931 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/42 | 3,178 | ||||||||
2,947 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 7/27 | 3,145 | ||||||||
2,921 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 6/27 | 3,123 | ||||||||
2,828 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/41 | 3,076 | ||||||||
2,605 | Government National Mortgage Association | 4.55% | 10/62 | 2,977 | ||||||||
2,676 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 10/41 | 2,901 | ||||||||
2,566 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 8/42 | 2,774 | ||||||||
2,490 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.50% | 8/42 | 2,719 | ||||||||
2,497 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 9/42 | 2,699 | ||||||||
2,519 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 2,690 | ||||||||
2,520 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 2,685 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
12
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2012 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (148.21%) (continued) | ||||||||||||
$ | 2,498 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 8/42 | $ | 2,679 | ||||||
2,500 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pool | 3.50% | 1/42 | 2,667 | ||||||||
2,452 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.50% | 11/42 | 2,619 | ||||||||
2,377 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 4.00% | 6/42 | 2,564 | ||||||||
69,330 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association Pools | 2.50% - 6.00% | 3/26 - 1/43 | 74,508 | ||||||||
19,340 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Pools | 3.50% - 6.00% | 4/26 - 12/42 | 20,744 | ||||||||
750,454 | ||||||||||||
Interest Only - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (0.64%) | ||||||||||||
20,095 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association | 4.00% - 5.50% | 1/36 - 10/40 | 1,920 | ||||||||
10,426 | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | 5.00% - 5.50% | 6/33 - 1/39 | 1,195 | ||||||||
4,269 | Other Government National Mortgage Association | 5.50% | 3/36 | 135 | ||||||||
3,250 | ||||||||||||
TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities (8.61%) | ||||||||||||
18,950 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 4.00% | 1/13 | 20,232 | ||||||||
16,600 | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 3.00% | 1/13 | 17,523 | ||||||||
5,600 | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 3.00% | 1/13 | 5,855 | ||||||||
43,610 | ||||||||||||
Total Fixed Rate Agency Securities (Cost $789,964) | 797,314 | |||||||||||
Floating Rate Agency Securities (4.06%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Floating Rate Agency Securities (3.39%) | ||||||||||||
6,045 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.08% | 5/38 | 6,374 | ||||||||
4,537 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 3.14% | 12/35 | 4,783 | ||||||||
2,478 | Federal National Mortgage Association Pool | 5.69% | 4/36 | 2,627 | ||||||||
3,159 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association Pools | 4.93% - 5.50% | 7/37 - 9/37 | 3,385 | ||||||||
17,169 | ||||||||||||
Interest Only - Floating Rate Agency Securities (0.67%) | ||||||||||||
23,140 | Resecuritization of Government National Mortgage Association (o) | 4.28% | 8/60 | 3,242 | ||||||||
1,042 | Other Federal National Mortgage Association | 5.50% | 8/36 | 152 | ||||||||
3,394 | ||||||||||||
Total Floating Rate Agency Securities (Cost $19,979) | 20,563 | |||||||||||
Total Agency Securities (Cost $809,943) | 817,877 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
13
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2012 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/ Notional Value | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Private Label Securities (108.16%) | ||||||||||||
Principal and Interest - Private Label Securities (107.47%) | ||||||||||||
$ | 850,320 | Various | 0.17% - 9.35% | 5/19 - 5/47 | $ | 544,208 | ||||||
Total Principal and Interest - Private Label Securities (Cost $505,380) | 544,208 | |||||||||||
Principal Only - Private Label Securities (0.46%) | ||||||||||||
5,800 | Various | —% | 8/30 | 2,320 | ||||||||
Total Principal Only - Private Label Securities (Cost $2,242) | 2,320 | |||||||||||
Interest Only - Private Label Securities (0.23%) | ||||||||||||
61,640 | Various | 0.50% - 2.00% | 6/44 - 9/47 | 1,165 | ||||||||
Total Interest Only - Private Label Securities (Cost $637) | 1,165 | |||||||||||
Other Private Label Securities (0.00%) | ||||||||||||
158,348 | Various | —% | 6/37 | — | ||||||||
Total Other Private Label Securities (Cost $429) | — | |||||||||||
Total Private Label Securities (Cost $508,688) | 547,693 | |||||||||||
Total Mortgage-Backed Securities (Cost $1,318,631) | 1,365,570 | |||||||||||
Commercial Mortgage Loans (1.89%) (m) | ||||||||||||
10,225 | Various | 5.00% - 6.25% | 11/13 - 5/39 | 9,546 | ||||||||
Total Commercial Mortgage Loans (Cost $9,522) | 9,546 | |||||||||||
Total Long Investments (Cost $1,328,153) | $ | 1,375,116 |
Repurchase Agreements (2.70%) (a) (c) | ||||||||||||
$ | 13,650 | Bank of America Securities | 0.20% | 1/13 | $ | 13,650 | ||||||
Collateralized by Par Value $13,000 | ||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Note, Coupon 1.75%, | ||||||||||||
Maturity Date 5/16 | ||||||||||||
Total Repurchase Agreements (Cost $13,650) | $ | 13,650 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
14
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2012 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Current Principal/Notional Value | Description | Rate | Maturity | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||
Investments Sold Short (-122.90%) (a) | ||||||||||||
TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities Sold Short (-120.22%) (d) | ||||||||||||
$ | (198,168 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 3.50% | 1/13 | $ | (211,343 | ) | ||||
(87,500 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 5.00% | 1/13 | (94,794 | ) | ||||||
(77,730 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 4.50% | 1/13 | (83,982 | ) | ||||||
(53,400 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 3.50% | 1/13 | (56,804 | ) | ||||||
(34,510 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 3.00% | 1/13 | (36,430 | ) | ||||||
(31,600 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 3.00% | 1/13 | (33,128 | ) | ||||||
(16,500 | ) | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 5.00% | 1/13 | (17,776 | ) | ||||||
(16,450 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 3.50% | 1/13 | (17,460 | ) | ||||||
(15,718 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 4.00% | 1/13 | (16,852 | ) | ||||||
(14,104 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 4.00% | 1/13 | (15,096 | ) | ||||||
(11,000 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 4.50% | 1/13 | (11,833 | ) | ||||||
(7,500 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 5.50% | 1/13 | (8,148 | ) | ||||||
(2,500 | ) | Federal National Mortgage Association (30 Year) | 6.00% | 1/13 | (2,731 | ) | ||||||
(1,200 | ) | Other Federal National Mortgage Association (15 Year) | 2.50% | 1/13 | (1,255 | ) | ||||||
(1,000 | ) | Other Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (30 Year) | 6.00% | 1/13 | (1,088 | ) | ||||||
Total TBA - Fixed Rate Agency Securities Sold Short (Proceeds -$607,967) | (608,720 | ) | ||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities Sold Short (-2.68%) | ||||||||||||
(13,000 | ) | U.S. Treasury Note | 1.75% | 05/16 | (13,581 | ) | ||||||
Total U.S. Treasury Securities Sold Short (Proceeds -$13,081) | (13,581 | ) | ||||||||||
Total Investments Sold Short (Proceeds -$621,048) | $ | (622,301 | ) |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
15
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2012 (CONTINUED)
(UNAUDITED)
Primary Risk Exposure | Notional Value | Range of Expiration Dates | Fair Value | ||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S.Dollars | ||||||||||
Financial Derivatives - Assets (9.58%) (a) | |||||||||||
Swaps (9.58%) | |||||||||||
Long Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (Net Cost $135) (e) | Credit | $ | 10,166 | 6/36 - 12/37 | $ | 765 | |||||
Short Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Securities (g) | Credit | (42,121 | ) | 9/34 - 5/36 | 36,031 | ||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (h) | Credit | (66,829 | ) | 5/46 - 10/52 | 11,703 | ||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (i) | Interest Rates | (18,900 | ) | 10/17 | 5 | ||||||
Total Swaps (Net cost $65,860) | 48,504 | ||||||||||
Total Financial Derivatives - Assets (Net cost $65,860) | $ | 48,504 | |||||||||
Financial Derivatives - Liabilities (-3.00%) (a) | |||||||||||
Swaps (-2.99%) | |||||||||||
Long Swaps: | |||||||||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (Proceeds - $12,736) (e) | Credit | 30,050 | 12/49 - 2/51 | $ | (12,751 | ) | |||||
Interest Rate Swaps (f) | Interest Rates | 2,500 | 11/22 - 12/22 | (32 | ) | ||||||
Short Swaps: | |||||||||||
Interest Rate Swaps (i) | Interest Rates | (220,000 | ) | 8/14 - 11/22 | (1,092 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices (h) | Credit | (7,792 | ) | 6/36 - 12/37 | (717 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Corporate Bond Indices (j) | Credit | (67,500 | ) | 12/17 | (484 | ) | |||||
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Securities (g) | Credit | (3,000 | ) | 3/35 | (1 | ) | |||||
Total Return Swaps (k) | Equity Market | (18,737 | ) | 9/13 | (65 | ) | |||||
Total Swaps (Net proceeds -$13,171) | (15,142 | ) | |||||||||
Futures (-0.01%) | |||||||||||
Short Futures: | |||||||||||
Eurodollar Futures (l) | Interest Rates | (63,000 | ) | 3/13 - 9/13 | (70 | ) | |||||
Total Futures | (70 | ) | |||||||||
Total Financial Derivatives - Liabilities (Net proceeds -$13,171) | $ | (15,212 | ) |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
16
Table of Contents ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
AT DECEMBER 31, 2012 (CONCLUDED)
(UNAUDITED)
(a) | See Note 2 and Note 3 in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
(b) | At December 31, 2012, the Company’s long investments guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Government National Mortgage Association represented 119.78%, 40.49%, and 1.25% of equity, respectively. |
(c) | In general, securities received pursuant to repurchase agreements were delivered to counterparties in short sale transactions. |
(d) | At December 31, 2012, the Company’s short investments guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation represented 105.27% and 14.95% of equity, respectively. |
(e) | For long credit default swaps on asset-backed indices, the Company sold protection. |
(f) | For long interest rate swap contracts, a floating rate is being paid and a fixed rate is being received. |
(g) | For short credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, the Company purchased protection. |
(h) | For short credit default swaps on asset-backed indices, the Company purchased protection. |
(i) | For short interest rate swap contracts, a fixed rate is being paid and a floating rate is being received. |
(j) | For short credit default swaps on corporate bond indices, the Company purchased protection. |
(k) | Notional value represents number of underlying shares or par value times the closing price of the underlying security. |
(l) | Every $1,000,000 in notional value represents one contract. |
(m) | Includes a loan with a fair value in the amount of $4.9 million where the maturity date may be extended through November 4, 2015 as well as a non-performing commercial whole loan. |
(n) | The table below shows the Company's long investment ratings from Moody's, Standard and Poor's, or Fitch, as well as the Company's long investments that were unrated but affiliated with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae. Ratings tend to be a lagging credit indicator; as a result, the credit quality of the Company's long investment holdings may be lower than the credit quality implied based on the ratings listed below. In situations where an investment has a split rating, the lowest provided rating is used. The ratings descriptions include ratings qualified with a "+," "-," "1," "2," or "3." |
Rating Description | Percent of Equity | ||
Unrated but Agency-Guaranteed | 161.52 | % | |
Aaa/AAA/AAA | 0.01 | % | |
Aa/AA/AA | 0.26 | % | |
A/A/A | 1.02 | % | |
Baa/BBB/BBB | 3.70 | % | |
Ba/BB/BB or below | 102.40 | % | |
Unrated | 2.66 | % |
(o) | Private trust 100% backed by interest in Government National Mortgage Association collateralized mortgage obligation certificates. |
(p) | Classification percentages are based on Total Equity. |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
17
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands except per share amounts) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||
INVESTMENT INCOME | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income | $ | 20,335 | $ | 16,045 | $ | 38,717 | $ | 31,777 | ||||||||
EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||
Base management fee | 2,405 | 1,497 | 4,373 | 2,988 | ||||||||||||
Incentive fee | 1,182 | 2,312 | 3,237 | 2,312 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | 2,582 | 1,992 | 4,724 | 3,824 | ||||||||||||
Other investment related expenses | 327 | — | 327 | — | ||||||||||||
Compensation expense | 432 | 300 | 760 | 675 | ||||||||||||
Custody and other fees | 338 | 304 | 656 | 608 | ||||||||||||
Professional fees | 338 | 328 | 779 | 606 | ||||||||||||
Agency and administration fees | 281 | 217 | 543 | 430 | ||||||||||||
Insurance expense | 173 | 177 | 353 | 354 | ||||||||||||
Directors' fees and expenses | 66 | 66 | 143 | 140 | ||||||||||||
Share-based LTIP expense | 43 | 30 | 85 | 58 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses | 8,167 | 7,223 | 15,980 | 11,995 | ||||||||||||
NET INVESTMENT INCOME | 12,168 | 8,822 | 22,737 | 19,782 | ||||||||||||
NET REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS AND FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES | ||||||||||||||||
Net realized gain (loss) on: | ||||||||||||||||
Investments | 10,598 | (2,734 | ) | 24,596 | 5,413 | |||||||||||
Swaps | (4,152 | ) | (8,537 | ) | (5,535 | ) | (28,464 | ) | ||||||||
Futures | (775 | ) | (9 | ) | (797 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||||
5,671 | (11,280 | ) | 18,264 | (23,068 | ) | |||||||||||
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on: | ||||||||||||||||
Investments | (27,971 | ) | 10,300 | (5,132 | ) | 28,430 | ||||||||||
Swaps | 21,866 | 2,928 | 16,589 | 17,745 | ||||||||||||
Futures | (29 | ) | (2 | ) | (7 | ) | (66 | ) | ||||||||
(6,134 | ) | 13,226 | 11,450 | 46,109 | ||||||||||||
NET REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS AND FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES | (463 | ) | 1,946 | 29,714 | 23,041 | |||||||||||
NET INCREASE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS | 11,705 | 10,768 | 52,451 | 42,823 | ||||||||||||
LESS: NET INCREASE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST | 105 | — | 516 | — | ||||||||||||
NET INCREASE IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS | $ | 11,600 | $ | 10,768 | $ | 51,935 | $ | 42,823 | ||||||||
NET INCREASE IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS PER SHARE: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic and Diluted | $ | 0.49 | $ | 0.64 | $ | 2.35 | $ | 2.54 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
18
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shareholders' Equity | Non-controlling Interest | Total Equity | Shareholders' Equity | Non-controlling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | |||||||||||||||||||||||
BEGINNING EQUITY (12/31/2012 and 12/31/2011, respectively) | $ | 506,355 | $ | — | $ | 506,355 | $ | 370,916 | $ | — | $ | 370,916 | ||||||||||||
CHANGE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 22,737 | 19,782 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized gain (loss) on investments and financial derivatives | 18,264 | (23,068 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on investments and financial derivatives | 11,450 | 46,109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net increase in equity resulting from operations | 51,935 | 516 | 52,451 | 42,823 | — | 42,823 | ||||||||||||||||||
CHANGE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM TRANSACTIONS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from the issuance of shares | 125,600 | 125,600 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment | 941 | 941 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Contribution from non-controlling interest | 4,664 | 4,664 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends(1) | (51,491 | ) | (485 | ) | (51,976 | ) | (18,522 | ) | — | (18,522 | ) | |||||||||||||
Offering costs | (262 | ) | (262 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Share-based LTIP awards | 84 | 1 | 85 | 58 | — | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in equity from transactions | 74,872 | 4,180 | 79,052 | (18,464 | ) | — | (18,464 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net increase in equity | 126,807 | 4,696 | 131,503 | 24,359 | — | 24,359 | ||||||||||||||||||
ENDING EQUITY (6/30/2013 and 6/30/2012, respectively) | $ | 633,162 | $ | 4,696 | $ | 637,858 | $ | 395,275 | $ | — | $ | 395,275 |
(1) | For the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, dividends totaling $2.29 and $1.10, respectively, per common share and convertible unit outstanding were declared and paid. |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
19
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | ||||||
(In thousands) | Expressed in U.S. Dollars | ||||||
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS: | |||||||
NET INCREASE IN EQUITY RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS | $ | 52,451 | $ | 42,823 | |||
Cash flows provided by (used) in operating activities: | |||||||
Reconciliation of the net increase in equity resulting from operations to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | |||||||
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on investments and financial derivatives | (11,450 | ) | (46,109 | ) | |||
Net realized (gain) loss on investments and financial derivatives | (18,264 | ) | 23,068 | ||||
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts (net) | (10,204 | ) | (5,150 | ) | |||
Purchase of investments | (1,026,018 | ) | (1,188,608 | ) | |||
Proceeds from disposition of investments | 602,098 | 1,257,719 | |||||
Proceeds from principal payments of investments | 97,641 | 63,097 | |||||
Proceeds from investments sold short | 631,565 | 480,034 | |||||
Repurchase of investments sold short | (624,288 | ) | (459,870 | ) | |||
Payments made to open financial derivatives | (4,974 | ) | (67,208 | ) | |||
Proceeds received to close financial derivatives | 23,201 | 89,373 | |||||
Proceeds received to open financial derivatives | 11,815 | 35,603 | |||||
Payments made to close financial derivatives | (14,934 | ) | (38,363 | ) | |||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment | 941 | — | |||||
Share-based LTIP expense | 85 | 58 | |||||
(Increase) decrease in assets: | |||||||
Increase in repurchase agreements | (27,538 | ) | (20,998 | ) | |||
Increase in receivable for securities sold | (45,116 | ) | (78,158 | ) | |||
(Increase) decrease in due from brokers | (25,550 | ) | 4,803 | ||||
Increase in interest and principal receivable | (852 | ) | (1,002 | ) | |||
Increase in other assets | (674 | ) | (626 | ) | |||
Increase (decrease) in liabilities: | |||||||
Decrease in due to brokers | (609 | ) | (33,350 | ) | |||
Increase (decrease) in payable for securities purchased | 78,751 | (44,217 | ) | ||||
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses | (159 | ) | 278 | ||||
Increase (decrease) in incentive fee payable | (6,161 | ) | 2,312 | ||||
Increase (decrease) in other payables | (592 | ) | — | ||||
Increase (decrease) in interest and dividends payable | 948 | (224 | ) | ||||
Increase in base management fee payable | 471 | 101 | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (317,416 | ) | 15,386 | ||||
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities: | |||||||
Proceeds from the issuance of shares | 125,600 | — | |||||
Contribution from non-controlling interest | 4,664 | — | |||||
Offering costs paid | (253 | ) | — | ||||
Dividends paid | (51,976 | ) | (18,522 | ) | |||
Proceeds from issuance of securitized debt | — | 1,522 | |||||
Principal payments on securitized debt | (182 | ) | (115 | ) | |||
Reverse repurchase agreements, net of repayments | 382,274 | (12,888 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 460,127 | (30,003 | ) |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
20
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 142,711 | (14,617 | ) | ||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 59,084 | 62,737 | |||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD | $ | 201,795 | $ | 48,120 | |||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||
Interest paid | $ | 4,007 | $ | 4,034 | |||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment (non-cash) | $ | 941 | $ | — | |||
Share-based LTIP awards (non-cash) | $ | 85 | $ | 58 | |||
Aggregate TBA trade activity (buys + sells) (non-cash) | $ | 10,009,367 | $ | 8,312,761 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
21
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2013
(UNAUDITED)
1. Organization and Investment Objective
Ellington Financial LLC was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on July 9, 2007 and commenced operations on August 17, 2007. Ellington Financial Operating Partnership LLC (the "Operating Partnership"), a 99% owned consolidated subsidiary of Ellington Financial LLC, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on December 14, 2012 and commenced operations on January 1, 2013. All of the Company's operations and business activities are conducted through the Operating Partnership. EF Securities LLC, a wholly owned consolidated subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on October 12, 2007 and commenced operations on November 30, 2007. EF Mortgage LLC, a wholly owned consolidated subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on June 3, 2008 and commenced operations on July 8, 2008. EF CMO LLC, a wholly owned consolidated subsidiary of EF Mortgage LLC, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on June 3, 2008 and commenced operations on July 8, 2008. EF Special Transactions LLC, a wholly owned consolidated subsidiary of EF CMO LLC, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on December 14, 2011 and commenced operations on January 31, 2012. EF SBC 2013-1 LLC, a consolidated subsidiary of EF Mortgage LLC, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on January 3, 2013 and commenced operations on January 8, 2013. Ellington Financial LLC, the Operating Partnership, EF Securities LLC, EF Mortgage LLC, EF CMO LLC, EF Special Transactions LLC, and EF SBC 2013-1 LLC are hereafter collectively referred to as the "Company." All inter-company accounts are eliminated in consolidation.
The Company is a specialty finance company that acquires and manages mortgage-related assets, including residential mortgage-backed securities, or "RMBS," backed by prime jumbo, Alt-A, manufactured housing and subprime residential mortgage loans, RMBS for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency or a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise, mortgage-related derivatives, commercial mortgage-backed securities, or "CMBS," commercial mortgage loans and other commercial real estate debt, as well as corporate debt and equity securities, and derivatives. The Company may also opportunistically acquire and manage other types of mortgage-related and financial asset classes, such as residential whole mortgage loans, asset-backed securities, or "ABS," backed by consumer and commercial assets and non-mortgage-related derivatives.
Ellington Financial Management LLC ("EFM" or the "Manager") is a registered investment adviser and a registered commodity pool operator that serves as the Manager to the Company pursuant to the terms of a management agreement (the "Management Agreement"). EFM is an affiliate of Ellington Management Group, L.L.C., an investment management firm that is registered as both an investment adviser and a commodity pool operator. In accordance with the terms of the Management Agreement, the Manager implements the investment strategy and manages the business and operations on a day-to-day basis for the Company and performs certain services for the Company, subject to oversight by the Board of Directors.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
(A) Basis of Presentation: The Company's unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America for investment companies, ASC 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies ("ASC 946"), for interim financial information. ASC 946 requires, among other things, that investments be reported at fair value in the financial statements. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.
(B) Valuation: The Company applies ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures ("ASC 820-10"), to its holdings of financial instruments. ASC 820-10 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
• | Level 1—inputs to the valuation methodology are observable and reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets, |
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• | Level 2—inputs to the valuation methodology other than quoted prices included in Level 1 are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, and |
• | Level 3—inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. |
A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in these securities.
(C) Securities Transactions and Investment Income: Securities transactions are generally recorded on trade date. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are calculated based on identified cost. Interest income, which includes accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on mortgage-backed securities, or "MBS," ABS, commercial mortgage loans, U.S. Treasury securities, and securitized debt, is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. For purposes of determining the effective interest rate, management estimates the future expected cash flows of its investment holdings based on assumptions including, but not limited to, assumptions for future prepayment rates, default rates and loss severities (each of which may in turn incorporate various macro-economic assumptions, such as future housing prices). These assumptions are re-evaluated not less than quarterly and require the use of a significant amount of judgment. Principal write-offs are generally treated as realized losses. For non-performing commercial mortgage loans, purchase discounts are generally not amortized.
(D) Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include amounts held in an interest bearing overnight account and money market funds. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, all cash was held in an interest bearing account at the Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.
(E) Financial Derivatives: The Company enters into various types of financial derivatives. The two major types utilized are swaps and futures.
Swaps: The Company may enter into various types of swaps, including interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, and total return swaps. The primary risk associated with the Company's interest rate swap activity is interest rate risk. The primary risk associated with the Company's total return swap activity has been equity market risk. The primary risk associated with the Company's credit default swaps is credit risk.
The Company is subject to interest rate risk exposure in the normal course of pursuing its investment objectives. To help mitigate interest rate risk, the Company enters into interest rate swaps. Interest rate swaps are contractual agreements whereby one party pays a floating rate of interest on a notional principal amount and receives a fixed rate on the same notional principal, or vice versa, for a fixed period of time. Interest rate swaps change in value with movements in interest rates.
The Company enters into credit default swaps. A credit default swap is a contract under which one party agrees to compensate another party for the financial loss associated with the occurrence of a "credit event" in relation to a "reference amount" or notional value of a credit obligation (usually a bond, loan or a basket of bonds or loans). The definition of a credit event often varies from contract to contract. A credit event may occur (i) when the underlying reference asset(s) fails to make scheduled principal or interest payments to its holders, (ii) with respect to credit default swaps referencing mortgage/asset-backed securities and indices, when the underlying reference obligation is downgraded below a certain rating level or (iii) with respect to credit default swaps referencing corporate entities and indices, upon the bankruptcy of the underlying reference obligor. The Company typically writes (sells) protection to take a "long" position or purchases (buys) protection to take a "short" position with respect to underlying reference assets or to hedge exposure to other investment holdings.
The Company enters into total return swaps in order to take a "long" or "short" position with respect to an underlying referenced asset. The Company is subject to market price volatility of the underlying referenced asset. A total return swap involves commitments to pay interest in exchange for a market-linked return based on a notional value. To the extent that the total return of the security, group of securities or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest obligation, the Company will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty.
Swaps change in value with movements in interest rates or total return of the referenced securities. During the term of swap contracts, changes in value are recognized as unrealized gains or losses. When a contract is terminated, the Company realizes a gain or loss equal to the difference between the proceeds from (or cost of) the closing transaction and the Company's basis in the contract, if any. Periodic payments or receipts required by swap agreements are recorded as unrealized gains or losses when accrued and realized gains or losses when received or paid. Upfront payments paid/received by the Company to open swap contracts are recorded as an asset and/or liability on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity and are recorded as a realized gain or loss on the termination date. The Company may be required to deliver or receive cash or securities as collateral upon entering into swap transactions.
23
The Company's swap contracts are generally governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association, or "ISDA," trading agreements, which are separately negotiated agreements with dealer counterparties. Changes in the relative value of the swap transactions may require the Company or the counterparty to post or receive additional collateral. Typically, a collateral payment or receipt is triggered based on the net change in the value of all contracts governed by a particular ISDA trading agreement. Collateral received from counterparties is included in Due to brokers on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. Collateral paid to counterparties is included in Due from brokers on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. Entering into swap contracts involves market risk in excess of amounts recorded on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity.
Futures Contracts: A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a financial instrument for a set price on a future date. The Company enters into Eurodollar and/or U.S. Treasury Note futures contracts to hedge its interest rate risk. Initial margin deposits are made upon entering into futures contracts and can be either in the form of cash or securities. During the period the futures contract is open, changes in the value of the contract are recognized as unrealized gains or losses by marking to market on a daily basis to reflect the market value of the contract at the end of each day's trading. Variation margin payments are made or received periodically, depending upon whether unrealized gains or losses are incurred. When the contract is closed, the Company records a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the proceeds of the closing transaction and the Company's basis in the contract.
Derivative instruments disclosed on the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments include: credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, credit default swaps on asset-backed indices, credit default swaps on corporate bond indices, interest rate swaps, total return swaps, and futures contracts.
Swap assets are included in Financial derivatives—assets at fair value on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. Swap liabilities are included in Financial derivatives—liabilities at fair value on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. In addition, swap contracts are summarized by type on the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments. Unrealized appreciation on futures contracts is included in Financial derivatives—assets at fair value on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. Unrealized depreciation on futures contracts is included in Financial derivatives—liabilities at fair value on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. For interest rate swaps, total return swaps, credit default swaps, and futures, notional values reflected on the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments represent approximately 132%, 113%, 109%, and 66% respectively, of average monthly notional values of each such category outstanding during the six month period ended June 30, 2013. For interest rate swaps, total return swaps, credit default swaps, and futures, notional values reflected on the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments represent approximately 92%, 87%, 78%, and 57%, respectively, of average monthly notional values of each such category outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2012. The Company uses average monthly notional values outstanding to indicate the volume of activity with respect to these instruments.
(F) Investments Sold Short: When the Company sells securities short, it typically satisfies its security delivery settlement obligation by obtaining the security sold from the same or a different counterparty. The Company generally is required to deliver cash or securities as collateral to the counterparty for the Company's obligation to return the borrowed security. The amount by which the market value of the obligation falls short of or exceeds the proceeds from the short sale is treated as an unrealized gain or loss, respectively. A realized gain or loss will be recognized upon the termination of a short sale if the market price is less or greater than the proceeds originally received.
(G) Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Repurchase Agreements: The Company enters into reverse repurchase agreements with third-party broker-dealers whereby it sells securities under agreements to be repurchased at an agreed-upon price and date. Interest on the value of repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements issued and outstanding is based upon competitive market rates at the time of issuance. The Company accounts for reverse repurchase agreements as collateralized borrowings. When the Company enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, the lender establishes and maintains an account containing cash and securities having a value not less than the repurchase price, including accrued interest, of the reverse repurchase agreement. The Company enters into repurchase agreement transactions with third-party broker-dealers whereby it purchases securities under agreements to resell at an agreed-upon price and date. In general, securities received pursuant to repurchase agreements are delivered to counterparties of short sale transactions. Assets held pursuant to repurchase agreements are reflected as assets on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. Repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements that are conducted with the same counterparty may be reported on a net basis if they meet the requirements of ASC 210-20, Balance Sheet Offsetting. There are no repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements netted in the consolidated financial statements.
Reverse repurchase agreements are carried at their contractual amounts, which the Company believes is the best estimate of fair value. At June 30, 2013, the Company's open reverse repurchase agreements had remaining terms that averaged 62 days and ranged from 2 to 180 days, and had interest rates that averaged 0.91% and ranged from 0.34% to 2.44%. At June 30, 2013,
24
approximately 58% of open reverse repurchase agreements were with three counterparties. At December 31, 2012, the Company's open reverse repurchase agreements had remaining terms that averaged 57 days and ranged from 10 to 180 days, and had interest rates that averaged 0.77% and ranged from 0.37% to 2.31%. At December 31, 2012, approximately 67% of open reverse repurchase agreements were with two counterparties.
(H) Securitized Debt: The Company entered into a resecuritization transaction in January 2012, which is accounted for as a collateralized borrowing. The asset contributed to the securitization was not derecognized but rather, the liability issued by the securitization was recorded to reflect the term financing of the re-securitized asset. Under ASC 820-10, the Company has elected to carry securitized debt at fair value. The asset subject to the resecuritization had a fair value of $2.4 million as of June 30, 2013 which is included on the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments under Principal and Interest – Private Label Securities.
(I) When-Issued/Delayed Delivery Securities: The Company may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. Securities purchased or sold on a when-issued basis are traded for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price or yield, and no income accrues to the purchaser prior to settlement. Purchasing or selling securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis involves the risk that the market price or yield at the time of settlement may be lower or higher than the agreed-upon price or yield, in which case a realized loss may be incurred.
The Company transacts in the forward settling To Be Announced MBS ("TBA") market. The Company typically does not take delivery of TBAs, but rather settles the associated receivable and payable with its trading counterparties on a net basis. Transactions with the same counterparty for the same TBA that result in a reduction of the position are treated as extinguished. The market value of the securities that the Company is required to purchase pursuant to a TBA transaction may decline below the agreed-upon purchase price. Conversely, the market value of the securities that the Company is required to sell pursuant to a TBA transaction may increase above the agreed upon sale price. As part of its TBA activities, the Company may "roll" its TBA positions, whereby the Company may sell (buy) securities for delivery (receipt) in an earlier month and simultaneously contract to repurchase (sell) similar, but not identical, securities at an agreed-upon price on a fixed date in a later month (with the later-month price typically lower than the earlier-month price). The Company accounts for its TBA transactions (including those related to TBA rolls) as purchases and sales. As of June 30, 2013, total assets included $81.0 million of TBAs as well as $571.5 million of receivable for securities sold relating to unsettled TBA sales. As of December 31, 2012, total assets included $43.6 million of TBAs as well as $608.5 million of receivable for securities sold relating to unsettled TBA sales.
As of June 30, 2013, total liabilities included $561.8 million of TBAs sold short as well as $82.1 million of payable for securities purchased relating to unsettled TBA purchases. As of December 31, 2012, total liabilities included $608.7 million of TBAs sold short as well as $43.8 million of payable for securities purchased relating to unsettled TBA purchases. As of June 30, 2013, the Company held on an aggregate basis a short position in TBAs of $480.9 million while at December 31, 2012, the Company held in aggregate a short position in TBAs of $565.1 million.
(J) Offering Costs/Underwriters' Discount: Offering costs and underwriters' discount are charged against shareholders' equity.
(K) LTIP Units: Long term incentive plan units ("LTIP units") have been issued to the Company's dedicated personnel and independent directors as well as the Manager. Costs associated with LTIP units issued to dedicated personnel and independent directors are amortized over the vesting period in accordance with ASC 718-10, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Costs associated with LTIP units issued to the Manager are amortized over the vesting period in accordance with ASC 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The vesting period for units issued to dedicated personnel and independent directors under the Ellington Incentive Plan for Individuals (the "Individual LTIP") is typically one year. The vesting period for units issued to the Manager under the Ellington Incentive Plan for Entities (the "Manager LTIP") occurred over a three year period that ended in August 2010. The cost of the Manager LTIP units fluctuated with the price per share until the vesting date, whereas the cost of the Individual LTIP units is based on the price per share at the initial grant date.
(L) Non-controlling interest: Non-controlling interest represents the interest in the Operating Partnership owned by an affiliate of the Manager.
(M) Dividends: Dividends payable by the Company are recorded in the consolidated financial statements on the ex-dividend date. Dividends are typically declared and paid on a quarterly basis in arrears.
(O) Shares Repurchased: Common shares that are repurchased by the Company subsequent to issuance decrease total number of shares outstanding and issued.
(P) Earnings Per Share ("EPS"): Basic EPS is computed using the two class method by dividing net increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity resulting from operations after adjusting for the impact of long term incentive plan units deemed to be
25
participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding calculated including long term incentive plan units. Because the Company's long term incentive plan units are deemed to be participating securities, they are included in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS. Operating Partnership Units relating to the non-controlling interest ("OP Units") are convertible into common shares and are included in the calculation of diluted EPS.
(Q) Income Taxes: The Company intends to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Certain of the Company's subsidiaries are not consolidated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but are also treated as partnerships. In general, partnerships are not subject to entity-level tax on their income, but the income of a partnership is taxable to its owners on a flow-through basis.
The Company follows the provisions of ASC 740-10, Income Taxes ("ASC 740-10"), which requires management to determine whether a tax position of the Company is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company did not have any additions to its unrecognized tax benefits resulting from tax positions related either to the current period or to 2012, 2011, 2010, or 2009 (its open tax years), and no reductions resulting from tax positions of prior years or due to settlements, and thus had no unrecognized tax benefits since inception. The Company does not expect any change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next fiscal year. There were no amounts accrued for tax penalties or interest as of or during the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
The Company may take positions with respect to certain tax issues which depend on legal interpretation of facts or applicable tax regulations. Should the relevant tax regulators successfully challenge any such positions, the Company might be found to have a tax liability that has not been recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Also, management's conclusions regarding ASC 740-10 may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based on factors including, but not limited to, further implementation guidance from the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), and ongoing analyses of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.
(R) Subsequent Events: The Company applies the provisions of ASC 855-10, Subsequent Events, in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. This standard establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued.
(S) Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities ("ASU 2011-11"). This amends ASC 210-20, Balance Sheet Offsetting, to require new disclosures about balance sheet offsetting for derivative and financial instruments which are offset on the Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Equity. The update requires disclosure of gross asset and liability amounts for financial instruments shown net on the Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Equity. ASU 2011-11 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and is to be applied retrospectively.
In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-01, Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities ("ASU 2013- 01"). The amendment clarifies that the scope of ASU 2011-11 applies to derivatives accounted for in accordance with ASU No. 815, Derivatives and Hedging, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either offset in accordance with Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45 or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. The adoption of ASU 2011-11, as amended by ASU 2013-01, did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In June 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-08, Financial Services-Investment Companies ("ASC 946"). This update modifies the guidance for ASC 946 for determining whether an entity is an investment company for GAAP purposes. It requires entities that adopted Statement of Position 07-1 prior to its deferral to reassess whether they continue to meet the definition of an investment company for GAAP purposes. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2013, with retrospective application. Earlier application is prohibited. While Management currently believes that the Company still meets the definition of an investment company under ASC 946, it is still in the process of performing its reassessment.
26
3. Valuation
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the Company's financial instruments.
Level 1 valuation methodologies include the observation of quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets, often received from widely recognized data providers.
Level 2 valuation methodologies include the observation of (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates and yield curves) in active markets and (iii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3 valuation methodologies include (i) the solicitation of valuations from third parties (typically, broker-dealers), (ii)the use of proprietary models that require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions, and (iii) the assessment of observable or reported recent trading activity. The Company utilizes such information to assign a good faith fair value (the estimated price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the valuation date) to each such financial instrument.
The Company seeks to obtain at least one third-party indicative valuation for each instrument, and often obtains multiple indicative valuations when available. Third-party valuation providers often utilize proprietary models that are highly subjective and also require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions. The Company has been able to obtain third-party valuations on the vast majority of the Company's assets and expects to continue to solicit third-party valuations on substantially all assets in the future to the extent practical. Beginning January 1, 2013, the Company generally values each financial instrument at the average of third party valuations received and not rejected as described below. Third-party valuations are not binding on the Company and while the Company generally does not adjust valuations it receives, the Company may challenge or reject a valuation when, based on the validation criteria, the Company determines that such valuation is unreasonable or erroneous. Furthermore, the Company may determine, based on validation criteria, that for a given instrument the average of the third-party valuations received does not result in what the Company believes to be fair value, and in such circumstances the Company may override this average with its own good faith valuation. The validation criteria include the use of the Company's own models, recent trading activity in the same or similar instruments, and valuations received from third parties. Prior to 2013, the valuation process relied more heavily on the use of the Company's models and observation of reported recent trading activity, which was substantiated by third party valuations. The Company's valuation process, including the application of validation criteria, is overseen by the Manager's valuation committee. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the financial instruments existed and the differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.
27
The table below reflects the value of the Company's Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 financial instruments at June 30, 2013:
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Description | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 201,795 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 201,795 | ||||||||
Investments at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | — | $ | 914,219 | $ | 27,397 | $ | 941,616 | ||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 694,510 | 694,510 | ||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 23,906 | 23,906 | ||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | — | — | 7,563 | 7,563 | ||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | — | — | 39,840 | 39,840 | ||||||||||||
Common stock | 2,987 | — | — | 2,987 | ||||||||||||
Total investments at fair value | 2,987 | 914,219 | 793,216 | 1,710,422 | ||||||||||||
Financial derivatives-assets at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | — | — | 21,134 | 21,134 | ||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate indices | — | 127 | — | 127 | ||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | — | 9,618 | — | 9,618 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | 15,967 | — | 15,967 | ||||||||||||
Total return swaps | — | 126 | — | 126 | ||||||||||||
Unrealized appreciation on futures contracts | 5 | — | — | 5 | ||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives-assets at fair value | 5 | 25,838 | 21,134 | 46,977 | ||||||||||||
Repurchase agreements | — | 41,188 | — | 41,188 | ||||||||||||
Total investments, financial derivatives-assets at fair value, and repurchase agreements | $ | 2,992 | $ | 981,245 | $ | 814,350 | $ | 1,798,587 | ||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Investments sold short at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury and Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | — | $ | (602,822 | ) | $ | — | $ | (602,822 | ) | ||||||
Common stock | (6,100 | ) | — | — | (6,100 | ) | ||||||||||
Total investments sold short at fair value | (6,100 | ) | (602,822 | ) | — | (608,922 | ) | |||||||||
Financial derivatives-liabilities at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate indices | — | (4,236 | ) | — | (4,236 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | — | (13,543 | ) | — | (13,543 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | — | — | (541 | ) | (541 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | (22 | ) | — | (22 | ) | ||||||||||
Total return swaps | — | (118 | ) | — | (118 | ) | ||||||||||
Unrealized depreciation on futures contracts | (83 | ) | — | — | (83 | ) | ||||||||||
Total financial derivatives-liabilities at fair value | (83 | ) | (17,919 | ) | (541 | ) | (18,543 | ) | ||||||||
Securitized debt | — | — | (1,168 | ) | (1,168 | ) | ||||||||||
Total investments sold short, financial derivatives-liabilities at fair value, and securitized debt | $ | (6,183 | ) | $ | (620,741 | ) | $ | (1,709 | ) | $ | (628,633 | ) |
Investments under the Agency residential mortgage-backed securities Level 3 category are investments in Agency interest only RMBS securities. There were no transfers of financial instruments between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 during the three or six month period ended June 30, 2013.
The Company's reverse repurchase agreements are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. These liabilities are classified as Level 2 liabilities based on the adequacy of the collateral and their short term nature.
28
The following table identifies the significant unobservable inputs that affect the valuation of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2013:
Fair Value as of June 30, 2013 | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range | Weighted Average | |||||||||||||||
Description | Min | Max | |||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities and Other asset-backed securities(1) | $ | 678,375 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | $ | 29.00 | $ | 149.87 | $ | 80.52 | |||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 54,807 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 6.1 | % | 20.8 | % | 10.4 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Prepayments | 0.7 | % | 57.8 | % | 32.2 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 4.5 | % | 48.8 | % | 20.3 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 0.0 | % | 17.9 | % | 8.9 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 12.2 | % | 89.2 | % | 38.6 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 11,717 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 10.2 | % | 30.1 | % | 15.9 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 0.3 | % | 0.3 | % | 0.3 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 9.3 | % | 9.3 | % | 9.3 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 90.4 | % | 90.4 | % | 90.4 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 20,593 | Net Discounted Cash Flows | Projected Collateral Prepayments | 19.5 | % | 55.6 | % | 26.7 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 18.0 | % | 52.3 | % | 40.1 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 7.3 | % | 14.6 | % | 12.7 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 15.6 | % | 36.6 | % | 20.5 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities and Performing commercial mortgage loans | 17,202 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | $ | 71.35 | $ | 100.25 | $ | 86.60 | ||||||||||
Non-performing commercial mortgage loans | 2,550 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 32.3 | % | 32.3 | % | 32.3 | % | ||||||||||
Months to Resolution | 12 | 12 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities | 22,814 | Market Quotes | Non Binding Indicative Price | $ | 6.82 | $ | 26.84 | $ | 14.54 | ||||||||||
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities | 4,583 | Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") | LIBOR OAS(2) | 462 | 1,173 | 639 | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Prepayments | 54.8 | % | 86.2 | % | 70.9 | % | |||||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 13.8 | % | 45.2 | % | 29.1 | % | |||||||||||||
100.0 | % |
(1) | Includes securitized debt with a fair value of $1.2 million as of June 30, 2013. |
(2) | Shown in basis points. |
Third-party non-binding indicative prices are validated by comparing such prices to internally generated prices based on the Company's models and to recent trading activity in the same or similar instruments.
29
For those instruments valued using discounted and net discounted cash flows, collateral prepayments, losses, recoveries, and scheduled amortization are projected over the remaining life of the collateral and expressed as a percentage of the collateral's current principal balance. Averages are weighted based on the fair value of the related instrument. In the case of credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, averages are weighted based on each instrument's bond equivalent value. Bond equivalent value represents the investment amount of a corresponding position in the reference obligation, calculated as the difference between the outstanding principal balance of the underlying reference obligation and the fair value, inclusive of accrued interest, of the derivative contract. For those assets valued using the LIBOR Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") valuation methodology, cash flows are projected using the Company's models over multiple interest rate scenarios, and these projected cash flows are then discounted using the LIBOR rates implied by each interest rate scenario. The LIBOR OAS of an asset is then computed as the unique constant yield spread that, when added to all LIBOR rates in each interest rate scenario generated by the model, will equate (a) the expected present value of the projected asset cash flows over all model scenarios to (b) the actual current market price of the asset. LIBOR OAS is therefore model-dependent. Generally speaking, LIBOR OAS measures the additional yield spread over LIBOR that an asset provides at its current market price after taking into account any interest rate options embedded in the asset. The Company considers the expected timeline to resolution in the determination of fair value for its non-performing commercial loans.
Material changes in any of the inputs above in isolation could result in a significant change to reported fair value measurements. Additionally, fair value measurements are impacted by the interrelationships of these inputs. For example, a higher expectation of collateral prepayments will generally be accompanied by a lower expectation of collateral losses. Conversely, higher losses will generally be accompanied by lower prepayments. Because the Company's credit default swaps on asset-backed security holdings represent credit default swap contracts whereby the Company has purchased credit protection, such default swaps on asset-backed securities generally have the directionally opposite sensitivity to prepayments, losses, and recoveries as compared to the Company's long securities holdings. Prepayments do not represent a significant input for the Company's commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans. Losses and recoveries do not represent a significant input for the Company's Agency RMBS interest only securities, given the guarantee of the issuing government agency or government-sponsored enterprise.
30
The table below reflects the value of the Company's Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 financial instruments at December 31, 2012:
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Description | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 59,084 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 59,084 | ||||||||
Investments at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | — | $ | 811,233 | $ | 6,644 | $ | 817,877 | ||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 528,366 | 528,366 | ||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 19,327 | 19,327 | ||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | — | — | 9,546 | 9,546 | ||||||||||||
Total investments at fair value | — | 811,233 | 563,883 | 1,375,116 | ||||||||||||
Financial derivatives-assets at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | — | — | 36,031 | 36,031 | ||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | — | 12,468 | — | 12,468 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | 5 | — | 5 | ||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives-assets at fair value | — | 12,473 | 36,031 | 48,504 | ||||||||||||
Repurchase agreements | — | 13,650 | — | 13,650 | ||||||||||||
Total investments, financial derivatives-assets at fair value, and repurchase agreements | $ | — | $ | 837,356 | $ | 599,914 | $ | 1,437,270 | ||||||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Investments sold short at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury and Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | — | $ | (622,301 | ) | $ | — | $ | (622,301 | ) | ||||||
Financial derivatives-liabilities at fair value- | ||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate indices | — | (484 | ) | — | (484 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | — | (13,468 | ) | — | (13,468 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | — | — | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | — | (1,124 | ) | — | (1,124 | ) | ||||||||||
Total return swaps | — | (65 | ) | — | (65 | ) | ||||||||||
Unrealized depreciation on futures contracts | (70 | ) | — | — | (70 | ) | ||||||||||
Total financial derivatives-liabilities at fair value | (70 | ) | (15,141 | ) | (1 | ) | (15,212 | ) | ||||||||
Securitized debt | — | — | (1,335 | ) | (1,335 | ) | ||||||||||
Total investments sold short and financial derivatives-liabilities at fair value | $ | (70 | ) | $ | (637,442 | ) | $ | (1,336 | ) | $ | (638,848 | ) |
Investments under the Agency residential mortgage-backed securities Level 3 category are investments in Agency interest only RMBS securities. There were no transfers of financial instruments between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 during the year ended December 31, 2012.
The Company's reverse repurchase agreements are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. These liabilities are classified as Level 2 liabilities based on the adequacy of the collateral and their short term nature.
31
The following table identifies the significant unobservable inputs that affect the valuation of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2012:
Fair Value as of December 31, 2012 | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range | Weighted Average | ||||||||||||
Description | Min | Max | ||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities(1) | $ | 527,031 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 2.6 | % | 29.1 | % | 7.8 | % | ||||||
Projected Collateral Prepayments | 0.7 | % | 64.6 | % | 22.7 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 3.7 | % | 79.7 | % | 28.0 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 0.0 | % | 41.0 | % | 21.4 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 4.1 | % | 90.4 | % | 27.9 | % | ||||||||||
100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 36,030 | Net Discounted Cash Flows | Projected Collateral Prepayments | 8.7 | % | 44.1 | % | 18.7 | % | |||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 20.4 | % | 57.1 | % | 37.8 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 12.2 | % | 32.8 | % | 19.3 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 9.8 | % | 35.5 | % | 24.2 | % | ||||||||||
100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities and Commercial mortgage loans | 28,873 | Discounted Cash Flows | Yield | 5.2 | % | 17.9 | % | 9.5 | % | |||||||
Projected Collateral Losses | 0.0 | % | 25.1 | % | 3.9 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Recoveries | 0.0 | % | 88.9 | % | 20.5 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization | 0.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 75.6 | % | ||||||||||
100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
Agency interest only residential mortgage-backed securities | 6,644 | Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") | LIBOR OAS (2) | 816 | 7,558 | 1,189 | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Prepayments | 81.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 92.7 | % | ||||||||||
Projected Collateral Scheduled Amortization (3) | 0.0 | % | 19.0 | % | 7.3 | % | ||||||||||
100.0 | % |
(1) | Includes securitized debt with a fair value of $1.3 million as of December 31, 2012. |
(2) | Shown in basis points. |
(3) | For simplicity of presentation, net negative amortization is disregarded. |
For those instruments valued using discounted and net discounted cash flows, collateral prepayments, losses, recoveries, and scheduled amortization are projected over the remaining life of the collateral and expressed as a percentage of the collateral's current principal balance. Averages are weighted based on the fair value of the related instrument. In the case of credit default swaps on asset-backed securities, averages are weighted based on each instrument's bond equivalent value. Bond equivalent value represents the investment amount of a corresponding position in the reference obligation, calculated as the difference between the outstanding principal balance of the underlying reference obligation and the fair value, inclusive of accrued interest, of the derivative contract. For those assets valued using the LIBOR Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") valuation methodology, cash flows are projected using the Company's models over multiple interest rate scenarios, and these projected cash flows are then discounted using the LIBOR rates implied by each interest rate scenario. The LIBOR OAS of an asset is then computed as the unique constant yield spread that, when added to all LIBOR rates in each interest rate scenario generated by the model, will equate (a) the expected present value of the projected asset cash flows over all model scenarios to (b) the actual current market price of the asset. LIBOR OAS is therefore model-dependent. Generally speaking, LIBOR OAS
32
measures the additional yield spread over LIBOR that an asset provides at its current market price after taking into account any interest rate options embedded in the asset.
Material changes in any of the inputs above in isolation could result in a significant change to reported fair value measurements. Additionally, fair value measurements are impacted by the interrelationships of these inputs. For example, a higher expectation of collateral prepayments will generally be accompanied by a lower expectation of collateral losses. Conversely, higher losses will generally be accompanied by lower prepayments. Because the Company's credit default swaps on asset-backed security holdings represent credit default swap contracts whereby the Company has purchased credit protection, such default swaps on asset-backed securities generally have the directionally opposite sensitivity to prepayments, losses, and recoveries as compared to the Company's long securities holdings. Prepayments do not represent a significant input for the Company's commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans. Losses and recoveries do not represent a significant input for the Company's Agency RMBS interest only securities, given the guarantee of the issuing government agency or government-sponsored enterprise.
The tables below include a roll-forward of the Company's financial instruments for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 (including the change in fair value), for financial instruments classified by the Company within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013
(In thousands) | Beginning Balance as of March 31, 2013 | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | Purchases/ Payments | Sales/ Issuances | Transfers In and/or Out of Level 3 | Ending Balance as of June 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 16,228 | $ | (1,132 | ) | $ | — | $ | 68 | $ | 12,233 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 27,397 | ||||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 557,820 | 6,471 | 4,189 | (6,636 | ) | 184,029 | (51,363 | ) | — | 694,510 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 5,778 | 41 | 324 | (771 | ) | 24,826 | (6,292 | ) | — | 23,906 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | 9,713 | 19 | 482 | (73 | ) | 2,550 | (5,128 | ) | — | 7,563 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | 11,638 | (68 | ) | 531 | (820 | ) | 36,307 | (7,748 | ) | — | 39,840 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments at fair value | 601,177 | 5,331 | 5,526 | (8,232 | ) | 259,945 | (70,531 | ) | — | 793,216 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives- assets at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 26,398 | — | (542 | ) | 1,107 | 42 | (5,871 | ) | — | 21,134 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives- assets at fair value | 26,398 | — | (542 | ) | 1,107 | 42 | (5,871 | ) | — | 21,134 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives-assets at fair value | $ | 627,575 | $ | 5,331 | $ | 4,984 | $ | (7,125 | ) | $ | 259,987 | $ | (76,402 | ) | $ | — | $ | 814,350 | |||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives- liabilities at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | $ | (2 | ) | $ | — | $ | (29 | ) | $ | (540 | ) | $ | — | $ | 30 | $ | — | $ | (541 | ) | |||||||||||
Total financial derivatives- liabilities at fair value | (2 | ) | — | (29 | ) | (540 | ) | — | 30 | — | (541 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt | (1,205 | ) | (11 | ) | — | (63 | ) | 111 | — | — | (1,168 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total securitized debt | (1,205 | ) | (11 | ) | — | (63 | ) | 111 | — | — | (1,168 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives- liabilities at fair value and securitized debt | $ | (1,207 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (29 | ) | $ | (603 | ) | $ | 111 | $ | 30 | $ | — | $ | (1,709 | ) |
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2013, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the
33
Company during the three month period ended June 30, 2013. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2013, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $(5.0) million, $1.7 million, $(1.1) million, and $(63.0) thousand, for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, financial derivatives–liabilities, and securitized debt, respectively.
Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012
(In thousands) | Beginning Balance as of March 31, 2012 | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | Purchases/ Payments | Sales/ Issuances | Transfers In and/or Out of Level 3 | Ending Balance as of June 30, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 6,016 | $ | (553 | ) | $ | — | $ | (796 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4,667 | |||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 408,230 | 4,914 | 848 | 7,475 | 59,941 | (96,349 | ) | — | 385,059 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 12,171 | 139 | (35 | ) | (404 | ) | 21,407 | (4,873 | ) | — | 28,405 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | 4,500 | 22 | — | 128 | — | — | — | 4,650 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments at fair value | 430,917 | 4,522 | 813 | 6,403 | 81,348 | (101,222 | ) | — | 422,781 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives- assets at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 48,746 | — | (734 | ) | 1,308 | 103 | (10,664 | ) | — | 38,759 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives- assets at fair value | 48,746 | — | (734 | ) | 1,308 | 103 | (10,664 | ) | — | 38,759 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives-assets at fair value | $ | 479,663 | $ | 4,522 | $ | 79 | $ | 7,711 | $ | 81,451 | $ | (111,886 | ) | $ | — | $ | 461,540 | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt | $ | (1,485 | ) | $ | (15 | ) | $ | — | $ | 10 | $ | 75 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (1,415 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total securitized debt | $ | (1,485 | ) | $ | (15 | ) | $ | — | $ | 10 | $ | 75 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (1,415 | ) |
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2012, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the three month period ended June 30, 2012. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2012, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $1.6 million, $1.3 million, and $10.0 thousand, for the three month period ended June 30, 2012 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, and securitized debt, respectively.
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Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013
(In thousands) | Beginning Balance as of December 31, 2012 | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | Purchases/ Payments | Sales/ Issuances | Transfers In and/or Out of Level 3 | Ending Balance as of June 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 6,644 | $ | (2,003 | ) | $ | — | $ | 306 | $ | 22,450 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 27,397 | ||||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 528,366 | 13,112 | 19,790 | 17,383 | 256,862 | (141,003 | ) | — | 694,510 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 19,327 | 98 | (1,124 | ) | 2,473 | 37,168 | (34,036 | ) | — | 23,906 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | 9,546 | 27 | 482 | 86 | 2,551 | (5,129 | ) | — | 7,563 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other asset-backed securities | — | (117 | ) | 531 | (927 | ) | 48,101 | (7,748 | ) | — | 39,840 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments at fair value | 563,883 | 11,117 | 19,679 | 19,321 | 367,132 | (187,916 | ) | — | 793,216 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives- assets at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 36,031 | — | 2,709 | (4,492 | ) | 91 | (13,205 | ) | — | 21,134 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives- assets at fair value | 36,031 | — | 2,709 | (4,492 | ) | 91 | (13,205 | ) | — | 21,134 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives-assets at fair value | $ | 599,914 | $ | 11,117 | $ | 22,388 | $ | 14,829 | $ | 367,223 | $ | (201,121 | ) | $ | — | $ | 814,350 | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives- liabilities at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | $ | (1 | ) | $ | — | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (540 | ) | $ | — | $ | 57 | $ | — | $ | (541 | ) | |||||||||||
Total financial derivatives- liabilities at fair value | (1 | ) | — | (57 | ) | (540 | ) | — | 57 | — | (541 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt | (1,335 | ) | (20 | ) | — | 5 | 182 | — | — | (1,168 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total securitized debt | (1,335 | ) | (20 | ) | — | 5 | 182 | — | — | (1,168 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives- liabilities at fair value and securitized debt | $ | (1,336 | ) | $ | (20 | ) | $ | (57 | ) | $ | (535 | ) | $ | 182 | $ | 57 | $ | — | $ | (1,709 | ) |
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2013, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the six month period ended June 30, 2013. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2013, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $21.5 million, $(9.1) million, $(1.1) million, and $5.0 thousand, for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, financial derivatives–liabilities, and securitized debt, respectively.
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Level 3—Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012
(In thousands) | Beginning Balance as of December 31, 2011 | Accreted Discounts / (Amortized Premiums) | Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) | Purchases/ Payments | Sales/ Issuances | Transfers In and/or Out of Level 3 | Ending Balance as of June 30, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments at fair value- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 5,337 | $ | (1,177 | ) | $ | — | $ | (365 | ) | $ | 872 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4,667 | |||||||||||||
Private label residential mortgage-backed securities | 417,533 | (9,288 | ) | 7,049 | 25,136 | 158,618 | (232,565 | ) | — | 385,059 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Private label commercial mortgage-backed securities | 16,093 | 256 | 309 | 1,283 | 22,716 | (12,252 | ) | — | 28,405 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans | 4,400 | 50 | — | 200 | — | — | — | 4,650 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments at fair value | 443,363 | 8,417 | 7,358 | 26,254 | 182,206 | (244,817 | ) | — | 422,781 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives- assets at fair value - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | 61,498 | — | (5,477 | ) | 8,107 | 226 | (25,595 | ) | — | 38,759 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial derivatives- assets at fair value | 61,498 | — | (5,477 | ) | 8,107 | 226 | (25,595 | ) | — | 38,759 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total investments and financial derivatives- assets at fair value | $ | 504,861 | $ | 8,417 | $ | 1,881 | $ | 34,361 | $ | 182,432 | $ | (270,412 | ) | $ | — | $ | 461,540 | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitized debt | $ | — | $ | (29 | ) | $ | — | $ | 21 | $ | 115 | $ | (1,522 | ) | $ | — | $ | (1,415 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total securitized debt | $ | — | $ | (29 | ) | $ | — | $ | 21 | $ | 115 | $ | (1,522 | ) | $ | — | $ | (1,415 | ) |
All amounts of net realized and change in net unrealized gain (loss) in the table above are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations. The table above incorporates changes in net unrealized gain (loss) for both Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2012, as well as Level 3 financial instruments disposed of by the Company during the six month period ended June 30, 2012. For Level 3 financial instruments held by the Company at June 30, 2012, change in net unrealized gain (loss) of $11.9 million, $(5.5) million, and $21.0 thousand, for the six month period ended June 30, 2012 relate to investments, financial derivatives–assets, and securitized debt, respectively.
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4. Financial Derivatives
Gains and losses on the Company's derivative contracts for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 are summarized in the tables below:
June 30, 2013:
Derivative Type | Primary Risk Exposure | Net Realized Gain/(Loss) for the Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) for the Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Net Realized Gain/(Loss) for the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) for the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives - assets | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | Credit | $ | (542 | ) | $ | 1,107 | $ | 2,709 | $ | (4,492 | ) | |||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | Credit | (2,634 | ) | 3,489 | (4,121 | ) | 3,514 | |||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | Credit | 82 | (44 | ) | 82 | (44 | ) | |||||||||||
Total return swaps | Equity Market | 42 | 66 | 4 | 127 | |||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | Interest Rates | 500 | 15,583 | 283 | 15,962 | |||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Note futures | Interest Rates | (153 | ) | 5 | (153 | ) | 5 | |||||||||||
(2,705 | ) | 20,206 | (1,196 | ) | 15,072 | |||||||||||||
Financial derivatives - liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | Credit | (29 | ) | (540 | ) | (57 | ) | (540 | ) | |||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | Credit | 22 | 455 | 200 | 814 | |||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | Credit | (905 | ) | 378 | (4,532 | ) | 200 | |||||||||||
Total return swaps | Equity Market | (363 | ) | (90 | ) | (395 | ) | (53 | ) | |||||||||
Interest rate swaps | Interest Rates | (325 | ) | 1,462 | 292 | 1,101 | ||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Note futures | Interest Rates | (597 | ) | (54 | ) | (597 | ) | (54 | ) | |||||||||
Eurodollar futures | Interest Rates | (25 | ) | 20 | (47 | ) | 42 | |||||||||||
(2,222 | ) | 1,631 | (5,136 | ) | 1,510 | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | (4,927 | ) | $ | 21,837 | $ | (6,332 | ) | $ | 16,582 |
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June 30, 2012:
Derivative Type | Primary Risk Exposure | Net Realized Gain/(Loss) for the Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) for the Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | Net Realized Gain/(Loss) for the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | Change in Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) for the Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives - assets | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed securities | Credit | $ | (734 | ) | $ | 1,308 | $ | (5,477 | ) | $ | 8,107 | |||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | Credit | (1,573 | ) | 1,522 | (7,066 | ) | (2,268 | ) | ||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | Credit | (12 | ) | 602 | (1,560 | ) | 1,173 | |||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | Interest Rates | 49 | (69 | ) | 49 | (78 | ) | |||||||||||
Eurodollar futures | Interest Rates | (9 | ) | — | (17 | ) | (12 | ) | ||||||||||
(2,279 | ) | 3,363 | (14,071 | ) | 6,922 | |||||||||||||
Financial derivatives - liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit default swaps on asset-backed indices | Credit | 253 | (927 | ) | 4,562 | (893 | ) | |||||||||||
Credit default swaps on corporate bond indices | Credit | 301 | (66 | ) | 304 | — | ||||||||||||
Total return swaps | Equity Market | (1,273 | ) | (4 | ) | (3,328 | ) | 21 | ||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | Interest Rates | (5,548 | ) | 562 | (15,948 | ) | 11,683 | |||||||||||
Eurodollar futures | Interest Rates | — | (2 | ) | — | (54 | ) | |||||||||||
(6,267 | ) | (437 | ) | (14,410 | ) | 10,757 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | (8,546 | ) | $ | 2,926 | $ | (28,481 | ) | $ | 17,679 |
As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company was a party to credit derivatives contracts in the form of credit default swaps on mortgage/asset-backed indices (ABX and CMBX indices) as well as credit default swaps on corporate bond indices (CDX), collectively referred to as credit indices. For those open credit derivative contracts for which the Company sold credit protection ("written credit derivatives") via credit indices, the Company receives periodic payments at fixed rates from protection buyers, and is obligated to make payments to the protection buyer upon the occurrence of a "credit event" with respect to underlying reference assets. Written credit derivatives held by the Company at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, are summarized below:
Credit Default Swaps on Asset-Backed Indices | Amount at June 30, 2013 | Amount at December 31, 2012 | ||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Fair Value of Written Credit Derivatives, Net | $ | (13,351 | ) | $ | (11,986 | ) | ||
Fair Value of Purchased Credit Derivatives Offsetting Written Credit Derivatives with Third Parties (1) | $ | 126 | $ | (717 | ) | |||
Notional Amount of Written Credit Derivatives (2) | $ | (48,522 | ) | $ | (40,216 | ) | ||
Notional Amount of Purchased Credit Derivatives Offsetting Written Credit Derivatives with Third Parties (1) | $ | 4,875 | $ | 7,792 |
(1) | Offsetting transactions with third parties include purchased credit derivatives which have the same reference obligation. |
(2) | The notional value is the maximum amount that a seller of credit indices would be obligated to pay, and a buyer of credit protection would receive upon occurrence of a "credit event." Movements in the value of credit default swap transactions may require the Company or the counterparty to post or receive collateral. Amounts due or owed under an credit index contract may be offset against amounts due or owed on another credit index contract with the same ISDA counterparty. |
Unless terminated by mutual agreement by both the buyer and seller, credit index contracts typically terminate at the date that all of the underlying reference assets are paid off in full, retired, or otherwise cease to exist. Implied credit spreads may be used to determine the market value of swap contracts and are reflective of the cost of buying/selling protection. Higher spreads would indicate a greater likelihood that a seller will be obligated to perform (i.e., make payment) under the swap contract. In situations where the credit quality of the underlying reference assets have deteriorated, the percentage of notional values paid
38
up front ("points up front") is frequently used as an indication of credit index risk. Credit index credit protection sellers entering the market would expect to be paid points up front corresponding to the approximate fair value of the contract in order to write protection on the reference assets underlying the Company's credit index contracts. Periodic payment rates at June 30, 2013 on credit index contracts where the Company wrote protection range between 25 and 500 basis points on contracts that were outstanding at this date. Periodic payment rates at December 31, 2012 on credit index contracts where the Company wrote protection range between 35 and 458 basis points on contracts that were outstanding at this date. Total net up-front payments received relating to credit index contracts outstanding at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were $14.0 million and $12.6 million, respectively.
5. Base Management Fee and Incentive Fee
We entered into a Management Agreement (which may be amended from time to time), pursuant to which the Manager manages the assets, operations, and affairs of the Company, in consideration of which the Company pays the Manager management and incentive fees. Effective January 1, 2013, the Company and its operating subsidiary entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Management Agreement with the Manager, which replaces and supersedes the Third Amended and Restated Management Agreement, which was the Management Agreement that became effective August 2, 2011. The Fourth Amended and Restated Management Agreement causes, effective for all fiscal quarters beginning on or after January 1, 2013, base management fees and incentive fees to be calculated at the Operating Partnership level (as opposed to at the Company level). The descriptions of the Base Management Fees and Incentive Fees are detailed below.
Base Management Fees
Periods after January 1, 2013 - The Operating Partnership pays the Manager 1.50% per annum of total equity of the Operating Partnership calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP as of the end of each fiscal quarter (before deductions for base management fees and incentive fees payable with respect to such fiscal quarter), provided that total equity is adjusted to exclude one-time events pursuant to changes in U.S. GAAP, as well as non-cash charges after discussion between the Manager and the Company's independent directors, and approval by a majority of the Company's independent directors in the case of non-cash charges.
Periods prior to January 1, 2013 - Under the previous management agreement, the Company paid our Manager a base management fee quarterly in arrears in an amount equal to 1.50% per annum of shareholders' equity calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP as of the end of each fiscal quarter (before deductions for base management fees and incentive fees payable with respect to such fiscal quarter), provided that shareholders' equity is adjusted to exclude one-time events pursuant to changes in U.S. GAAP, as well as non-cash charges after discussion between the Manager and the independent directors, and approval by a majority of the independent directors in the case of non-cash charges.
Summary information—For the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the total base management fee incurred was $2.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively. For the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the total base management fee incurred was $4.4 million and $3.0 million, respectively.
Incentive Fees
Periods after January 1, 2013 - The Manager is entitled to receive a quarterly incentive fee equal to the positive excess, if any, of (i) the product of (A) 25% and (B) the excess of (1) Adjusted Net Income (described below) for the Incentive Calculation Period (which means such fiscal quarter and the immediately preceding three fiscal quarters) over (2) the sum of the Hurdle Amounts (described below) for the Incentive Calculation Period, over (ii) the sum of the incentive fees already paid or payable for each fiscal quarter in the Incentive Calculation Period preceding such fiscal quarter.
For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, "Adjusted Net Income" for the Incentive Calculation Period means the net increase in equity from operations of the Operating Partnership, after all base management fees but before any incentive fees for such period, and excluding any non-cash equity compensation expenses for such period, as reduced by any Loss Carryforward (as described below) as of the end of the fiscal quarter preceding the Incentive Calculation Period.
For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, the "Loss Carryforward" as of the end of any fiscal quarter is calculated by determining the excess, if any, of (1) the Loss Carryforward as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter over (2) our net increase in equity from operations (expressed as a positive number) or net decrease in equity from operations (expressed as a negative number) of the Operating Partnership for such fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2013 there was no Loss Carryforward.
For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, the "Hurdle Amount" means, with respect to any fiscal quarter, the product of (i) one-fourth of the greater of (A) 9% and (B) 3% plus the ten-year U.S. Treasury rate for such fiscal quarter, (ii) the sum of
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(A) the weighted average gross proceeds per share of all common share and OP unit issuances since inception of the Company and up to the end of such fiscal quarter, with each issuance weighted by both the number of shares and OP units issued in such issuance and the number of days that such issued shares and OP units were outstanding during such fiscal quarter, using a first-in first-out basis of accounting (i.e. attributing any share and OP unit repurchases to the earliest issuances first) and (B) the result obtained by dividing (I) retained earnings attributable to common shares and OP units at the beginning of such fiscal quarter by (II) the average number of common shares and OP units outstanding for each day during such fiscal quarter, (iii) the sum of the average number of common shares, LTIP Units, and OP units outstanding for each day during such fiscal quarter. For purposes of determining the Hurdle Amount, issuances of common shares and OP units (a) as equity incentive awards, (b) to the Manager as part of its base management fee or incentive fee and (c) to the Manager or any of its affiliates in privately negotiated transactions, are excluded from the calculation. The payment of the incentive fee will be in a combination of common shares and cash, provided that at least 10% of any quarterly payment will be made in common shares.
Periods prior to January 1, 2013 - The Manager was entitled to receive a quarterly incentive fee calculated in accordance with the above described calculation except (a) For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, "Adjusted Net Income" for the Incentive Calculation Period means the net increase in shareholders' equity from operations of the Company, after all base management fees but before any incentive fees for such period, and excluding any non-cash equity compensation expenses for such period, as reduced by any Loss Carryforward (as described below) as of the end of the fiscal quarter preceding the Incentive Calculation Period; (b) For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, the "Loss Carryforward" as of the end of any fiscal quarter is calculated by determining the excess, if any, of (1) the Loss Carryforward as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter over (2) our net increase in shareholders' equity from operations (expressed as a positive number) or net decrease in shareholders' equity from operations (expressed as a negative number) of the Company for such fiscal quarter; and (c) For purposes of calculating the incentive fee, the "Hurdle Amount" means, with respect to any fiscal quarter, the product of (i) one-fourth of the greater of (A) 9% and (B) 3% plus the ten-year U.S. Treasury rate for such fiscal quarter, (ii) the sum of (A) the weighted average gross proceeds per share of all our common share issuances up to the end of such fiscal quarter, with each issuance weighted by both the number of shares issued in such issuance and the number of days that such issued shares were outstanding during such fiscal quarter, using a first-in first-out basis of accounting (i.e. attributing any share repurchases to the earliest issuances first) and (B) the result obtained by dividing (I) retained earnings attributable to our common shares at the beginning of such fiscal quarter by (II) the average number of our common shares outstanding for each day during such fiscal quarter, and (iii) the average number of our common shares and LTIP Units outstanding for each day during such fiscal quarter. For purposes of determining the Hurdle Amount, issuances of common shares (A) as equity incentive awards, (B) to the Manager as part of its base management fee or incentive fee and (C) to the Manager or any of its affiliates in privately negotiated transactions, are excluded from the calculation.
Summary information—Total incentive fee incurred for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $1.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Total incentive fee incurred for the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $3.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively.
6. Long-Term Incentive Plan Units
In connection with its initial offering in 2007, the Company established the Manager Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Manager LTIP") and the Individual Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Individual LTIP"). Pursuant to the terms of the Manager LTIP, the Company issued 375,000 long-term incentive plan units to its Manager. Pursuant to the terms of the Individual LTIP, each year since inception the Company has issued annual awards to its independent directors and, beginning in 2010, issued awards to certain of its dedicated personnel.
As of August 17, 2010, LTIP units awarded to the Manager were fully vested and expensed. LTIP units held pursuant to the Manager LTIP are generally exercisable by the holder at any time after vesting. Each LTIP unit is convertible into one common share. There is no cash flow effect from the issuance of the Manager LTIP units. Since inception, the aggregate expense associated with the Manager LTIP was $8.6 million.
Since inception, the Company has awarded 24,096 Individual LTIP units to the Company's independent directors and 8,000 Individual LTIP units to certain of its dedicated personnel. The vesting period for awards issued under the Individual LTIP units has generally been one year from the date of grant. Units held pursuant to the Individual LTIPs are generally exercisable by the holder at any time after vesting. Each unit is convertible into one common share. Costs associated with the Individual LTIPs are measured as of the grant date and expensed ratably over the vesting period. Since inception the total expense associated with the Individual LTIP units awarded is $0.6 million. Total expense associated with Individual LTIPs for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 is $0.04 million and $0.03 million, respectively. Total expense associated with Individual LTIPs for the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 are $0.09 million and $0.06 million, respectively. Since inception, 10,000 common shares were issued in connection with the conversion of Individual LTIP units
40
awarded to independent directors at the direction of the three award holders and $0.2 million was transferred from the share-based LTIP awards to common shares in shareholders' equity.
Detailed below is a roll-forward of the Company's LTIP units outstanding for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Manager | Director/ Employee | Total | Manager | Director/ Employee | Total | ||||||||||||
LTIP Units Outstanding (3/31/2013 and 3/31/2012, respectively) | 375,000 | 22,096 | 397,096 | 375,000 | 15,500 | 390,500 | |||||||||||
Granted | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Exercised | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
LTIP Units Outstanding (6/30/2013 and 6/30/2012, respectively) | 375,000 | 22,096 | 397,096 | 375,000 | 15,500 | 390,500 | |||||||||||
LTIP Units Vested and Outstanding (6/30/2013 and 6/30/2012, respectively) | 375,000 | 14,250 | 389,250 | 375,000 | 8,750 | 383,750 |
Detailed below is a roll-forward of the Company's LTIP units outstanding for the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Manager | Director/ Employee | Total | Manager | Director/ Employee | Total | ||||||||||||
LTIP Units Outstanding (12/31/2012 and 12/31/2011, respectively) | 375,000 | 22,096 | 397,096 | 375,000 | 15,500 | 390,500 | |||||||||||
Granted | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Exercised | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
LTIP Units Outstanding (6/30/2013 and 6/30/2012, respectively) | 375,000 | 22,096 | 397,096 | 375,000 | 15,500 | 390,500 | |||||||||||
LTIP Units Vested and Outstanding (6/30/2013 and 6/30/2012, respectively) | 375,000 | 14,250 | 389,250 | 375,000 | 8,750 | 383,750 |
7. Non-controlling Interest - Operating Partnership
Non-controlling interest represents the interest in the Operating Partnership owned by an affiliate of the Manager. On January 1, 2013, 212,000 OP units were issued to the non-controlling interest member. Income allocated to the non-controlling interest is based on the non-controlling member's ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership during the quarter, calculated using a daily weighted average of all common shares and convertible units outstanding during the quarter. Holders of OP units are entitled to receive the same distributions that holders of common shares receive, and OP units are convertible into common shares on a one-for-one basis following the expiration of a two-year holding period subject to additional limitations. OP units are non-voting with respect to matters as to which common shareholders are entitled to vote. As of June 30, 2013, non-controlling interest related to the outstanding 212,000 OP units represented an interest of approximately 1% in the Operating Partnership.
8. Common Share Capitalization
Dividends are declared and paid on a quarterly basis in arrears. During the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 the Board of Directors authorized a first quarter dividend of $0.77 per share and $0.70 per share, respectively. During the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 the Board of Directors authorized two dividends totaling $2.29 and $1.10 per share, respectively. Total amount of dividends paid during the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $20.0 million and $11.8 million, respectively. Total amount of dividends paid during the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $52.0 million and $18.5 million, respectively.
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Detailed below is a roll-forward of the Company's common shares outstanding for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | ||||
Common Shares Outstanding (3/31/2013 and 3/31/2012, respectively) | 20,403,723 | 16,447,651 | |||
Share Activity: | |||||
Shares issued | 5,000,000 | — | |||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment | 8,288 | — | |||
Common Shares Outstanding (6/30/2013 and 6/30/2012, respectively) | 25,412,011 | 16,447,651 |
Detailed below is a roll-forward of the Company's common shares outstanding for the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | ||||
Common Shares Outstanding (12/31/2012 and 12/31/2011, respectively) | 20,370,469 | 16,447,651 | |||
Share Activity: | |||||
Shares issued | 5,000,000 | — | |||
Shares issued in connection with incentive fee payment | 41,542 | — | |||
Common Shares Outstanding (6/30/2013 and 6/30/2012, respectively) | 25,412,011 | 16,447,651 |
If all LTIP and OP units that have been previously issued were to become fully vested and exchanged for common shares as of June 30, 2013, the Company's issued and outstanding common shares would increase to 26,021,107, resulting in equity per share of $24.51 as of June 30, 2013. If all of the LTIP units that have previously been issued were to become fully vested and exchanged for common shares as of December 31, 2012, the Company's issued and outstanding common shares would increase to 20,767,565 shares, resulting in equity per share of $24.38 as of December 31, 2012.
On August 4, 2011, the Company's Board of Directors approved the adoption of a $10 million share repurchase program. The program, which is open-ended in duration, allows the Company to make repurchases from time to time on the open market or in negotiated transactions. Repurchases are at the Company's discretion, subject to applicable law, share availability, price, and the Company's financial performance, among other considerations. As of June 30, 2013, the Company has repurchased 217,619 shares under its current share repurchase program at an aggregate cost of $4.5 million, or at an average per share price of $20.59.
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9. Earnings Per Share
The components of the computation of basic and diluted EPS were as follows:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, | Six Month Period Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||
(In thousands except share amounts) | |||||||||||||||
Net increase in equity resulting from operations | $ | 11,705 | $ | 10,768 | $ | 52,451 | $ | 42,823 | |||||||
Less: Net increase in equity resulting from operations attributable to the non-controlling interest | 105 | — | 516 | — | |||||||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations | 11,600 | 10,768 | 51,935 | 42,823 | |||||||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations available to common share and LTIP unit holders: | |||||||||||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations - common shares | 11,404 | 10,518 | 51,003 | 41,830 | |||||||||||
Net increase in shareholders' equity resulting from operations - LTIP units | 196 | 250 | 932 | 993 | |||||||||||
Dividends Paid(1): | |||||||||||||||
Common shareholders | (19,567 | ) | (11,513 | ) | (50,581 | ) | (18,092 | ) | |||||||
LTIP unit holders | (306 | ) | (274 | ) | (910 | ) | (430 | ) | |||||||
Non-controlling interest | (163 | ) | — | (485 | ) | — | |||||||||
Total dividends paid to common shareholders, LTIP unit holders, and non-controlling interest | (20,036 | ) | (11,787 | ) | (51,976 | ) | (18,522 | ) | |||||||
Undistributed earnings: | |||||||||||||||
Common shareholders | (8,163 | ) | (995 | ) | 422 | 23,738 | |||||||||
LTIP unit holders | (110 | ) | (24 | ) | 22 | 563 | |||||||||
Non-controlling interest | (58 | ) | — | 31 | — | ||||||||||
Total undistributed earnings attributable to common shareholders, LTIP unit holders, and non-controlling interest | $ | (8,331 | ) | $ | (1,019 | ) | $ | 475 | $ | 24,301 | |||||
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted): | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 23,046,550 | 16,447,651 | 21,724,721 | 16,447,651 | |||||||||||
Weighted average participating LTIP units | 397,096 | 390,500 | 397,096 | 390,500 | |||||||||||
Weighted average non-controlling interest units | 212,000 | — | 212,000 | — | |||||||||||
Basic earnings per common share: | |||||||||||||||
Distributed | $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.70 | $ | 2.29 | $ | 1.10 | |||||||
Undistributed | (0.28 | ) | (0.06 | ) | 0.06 | 1.44 | |||||||||
$ | 0.49 | $ | 0.64 | $ | 2.35 | $ | 2.54 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share: | |||||||||||||||
Distributed | $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.70 | $ | 2.29 | $ | 1.10 | |||||||
Undistributed | (0.28 | ) | (0.06 | ) | 0.06 | 1.44 | |||||||||
$ | 0.49 | $ | 0.64 | $ | 2.35 | $ | 2.54 |
(1) | The Company pays quarterly dividends in arrears, so a portion of the dividends paid in each calendar year relate to the prior year's earnings. |
10. Counterparty Risk
As of June 30, 2013, investments with an aggregate value of approximately $1.5 billion were held with dealers as collateral for various reverse repurchase agreements.
The following table details the percentage of such collateral held by counterparties who hold greater than 15% of the aggregate $1.5 billion in collateral for various reverse repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2013. In addition to the below, unencumbered investments, on a settlement date basis, of approximately $146.3 million were held in custody at the Bank of New York Mellon Corporation.
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Dealer | % of Total Collateral on Reverse Repurchase Agreements | |
Deutsche Bank | 18% | |
Guggenheim Capital Markets | 18% | |
Royal Bank of Canada | 15% |
The following table details the percentage of collateral amounts held by dealers who hold greater than 15% of the Company's Due from Broker, included as of June 30, 2013:
Dealer | % of Total Due from Broker | |
Morgan Stanley | 33% |
The following table details the percentage of amounts held by dealers who hold greater than 15% of the Company's Receivable for securities sold as of June 30, 2013:
Dealer | % of Total Receivable for Securities Sold | |
Royal Bank of Scotland | 36% | |
CS First Boston | 30% | |
Bank of America | 17% |
11. Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities
The Company records financial instruments at fair value as described in Note 3. All financial instruments are recorded on a gross basis on the Condensed Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity. In connection with its derivative, repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements, and the related trading agreements, the Company and its counterparties are required to pledge collateral. Cash or other collateral is exchanged as required with each of the Company's counterparties in connection with open derivative positions, repurchase agreements, and reverse repurchase agreements.
The following tables present information about certain assets and liabilities representing financial instruments as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The Company has not entered into master netting agreements with any of its counterparties.
Description | Amount of Assets (Liabilities) Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity(1) | Financial Instruments(2)(3) | Cash Collateral (Received) Pledged(3) | Net Amount | ||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
June 30, 2013: | ||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives - assets | $ | 46,977 | ||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives - liabilities | (18,543 | ) | ||||||||||||||
$ | 28,434 | $ | — | $ | (6,150 | ) | $ | 22,284 | ||||||||
Repurchase agreements | $ | 41,188 | ||||||||||||||
Reverse repurchase agreements | (1,287,992 | ) | ||||||||||||||
$ | (1,246,804 | ) | $ | 1,229,994 | $ | 16,810 | $ | — | ||||||||
December 31, 2012: | ||||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives - assets | $ | 48,504 | ||||||||||||||
Financial derivatives - liabilities | (15,212 | ) | ||||||||||||||
$ | 33,292 | $ | — | $ | (13,188 | ) | $ | 20,104 | ||||||||
Repurchase agreements | $ | 13,650 | ||||||||||||||
Reverse repurchase agreements | (905,718 | ) | ||||||||||||||
$ | (892,068 | ) | $ | 887,940 | $ | 4,128 | $ | — |
(1) | In the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity, all balances associated with the repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and derivatives transactions are presented on a gross basis. |
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(2) | Amounts disclosed in the Financial Instruments column of the table represent collateral that is available to be offset against balances associated with repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements. For the purposes of the table above, total financial instruments and cash collateral (received) pledged can not exceed the gross amount of assets and (liabilities) as presented above. Therefore we have reduced the amount of financial instruments related to our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements in the table above. Total financial instruments for June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were $1.48 billion and $1.05 billion, respectively. |
(3) | As collateral is called or posted per counterparty it is generally called or posted across all positions with each respective counterparty. |
12. Contingencies and Commitments
The Company provides current directors and officers with a limited indemnification against liabilities arising in connection with the performance of their duties to the Company.
In the normal course of business the Company may also enter into contracts that contain a variety of representations, warranties and general indemnifications. The Company's maximum exposure under these arrangements, including future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred, is unknown. The Company has not incurred any costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. The Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
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13. Financial Highlights
Results of Operations for a Share Outstanding Throughout the Periods:
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||
Beginning Shareholders' Equity Per Share (3/31/2013, 3/31/2012, 12/31/2012, and 12/31/2011, respectively) | $ | 25.28 | $ | 24.09 | $ | 24.86 | $ | 22.55 | |||||||
Net Investment Income | 0.53 | 0.54 | 1.05 | 1.20 | |||||||||||
Net Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) | (0.02 | ) | 0.12 | 1.36 | 1.41 | ||||||||||
Results of Operations Attributable to Equity | 0.51 | 0.66 | 2.41 | 2.61 | |||||||||||
Less: Results of Operations Attributable to Non-controlling Interest | — | — | (0.02 | ) | — | ||||||||||
Results of Operations Attributable to Shareholders' Equity(1) | 0.51 | 0.66 | 2.39 | 2.61 | |||||||||||
Dividends Paid to Common Shareholders | (0.77 | ) | (0.70 | ) | (2.29 | ) | (1.10 | ) | |||||||
Weighted Average Share Impact on Dividends Paid (2) | (0.10 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.10 | ) | (0.03 | ) | |||||||
Accretive (Dilutive) Effect of Share Issuances (Net of Offering Costs) and Share Repurchases | — | — | 0.06 | — | |||||||||||
Ending Shareholders' Equity Per Share (6/30/2013, 6/30/2012, 6/30/2013, and 6/30/2012, respectively)(3) | $ | 24.92 | $ | 24.03 | $ | 24.92 | $ | 24.03 | |||||||
Shares Outstanding, end of period | 25,412,011 | 16,447,651 | 25,412,011 | 16,447,651 |
(1) | Calculated based on average common shares outstanding and can differ from the calculation for EPS (See Note 9). |
(2) | Per share impact on dividends paid relating to share issuances/repurchases during the period as well as dividends paid to LTIP and OP unit holders. |
(3) | If all LTIP units and OP units (if applicable) previously issued were vested and exchanged for common shares as of June 30, 2013 and 2012, shareholders' equity per share would be $24.51 and $23.47, respectively. |
Total Return:
The Company calculates its total return two ways, one based on its reported net asset value and the other based on its publicly-traded share price. This latter return is considered a market based return, and is only computed for periods following the completion of the Company's October 2010 initial public offering, since the Company's shares were not publicly traded before such time.
The following table illustrates the Company's total return for the periods presented based on net asset value:
Net Asset Based Total Return for a Shareholder: (1)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | ||||
Total Return | 1.57% | 2.68% | 9.57% | 11.57% |
(1) | Total return is calculated for all shareholders' equity accounts taken as a whole for each period. Total return is calculated assuming reinvestment of all distributions at shareholders' equity per share during the period. |
Supplemental Information—Net Asset Based Total Return for a Shareholder assuming conversion of all LTIP and OP units: (1)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | ||
Total Return | (0.07)% | 7.80% |
(1) | Total return is calculated assuming all LTIP and OP units had been converted into common shares at June 30, 2013. Total return represents all shareholders' equity accounts outstanding for the entire period. LTIP and OP units outstanding at June 30, 2013 totaled 609,096 and represent 2.34% of total common shares and LTIP and OP units outstanding as of that date. |
Market Based Total Return for a Shareholder:
For the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company's market based total return based on the closing price as reported by the New York Stock Exchange was (4.93)% and 11.92%, respectively. For the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company's market based total return based on the closing price as reported by the New York Stock
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Exchange was 11.13% and 30.06%, respectively. Calculation of market based total return assumes the reinvestment of dividends at the closing price as reported by the New York Stock Exchange as of the ex-date.
Net Investment Income Ratio to Average Equity: (1)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | ||||
Net Investment Income (2) | 9.00% | 10.72% | 8.83% | 10.84% |
(1) | Average equity is calculated using month end values. |
(2) | Includes incentive fee in calculation which can vary substantially over periods. |
Expense Ratios to Average Equity: (1)
Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Three Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | ||||
Operating expenses before incentive fee, interest expense, and other investment related expenses | (2.81)% | (2.97)% | (2.79)% | (3.04)% | |||
Incentive fee | (0.20)% | (0.58)% | (0.58)% | (0.59)% | |||
Interest expense and other investment related expenses | (2.01)% | (2.02)% | (1.83)% | (1.98)% | |||
Total Expenses | (5.02)% | (5.57)% | (5.20)% | (5.61)% |
(1) | Average equity is calculated using month end values. |
14. Subsequent Events
On August 1, 2013, the Company's Board of Directors approved a dividend for the second quarter of 2013 in the amount of $0.77 per share payable on September 16, 2013 to shareholders of record as of August 30, 2013.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except where the context suggests otherwise, "EFC," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Ellington Financial LLC and its subsidiaries, our "Manager" refers to Ellington Financial Management LLC, our external manager, and "Ellington" refers to Ellington Management Group, L.L.C. and its affiliated investment advisory firms.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") or in press releases or other written or oral communications, statements which are not historical in nature, including those containing words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "project," "plan," "continue," "intend," "should," "would," "could," "goal," "objective," "will," "may," "seek," or similar expressions, are intended to identify "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and, as such, may involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions.
Forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions, and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions, and expectations are subject to risks and uncertainties and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. The following factors are examples of those that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements: changes in interest rates and the market value of our securities; market volatility; changes in the prepayment rates on the mortgage loans underlying our agency securities; increased rates of default and/or decreased recovery rates on our assets; our ability to borrow to finance our assets; changes in government regulations affecting our business; our ability to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"); and risks associated with investing in real estate assets, including changes in business conditions and the general economy. These and other risks, uncertainties and factors, including the risk factors described under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 as filed with the SEC, could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied in any forward-looking statements we make. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time and it is not possible to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Executive Summary
We are a specialty finance company that acquires and manages mortgage-related assets, including residential mortgage-backed securities, or "RMBS," backed by prime jumbo, Alt-A, manufactured housing, and subprime residential mortgage loans, RMBS for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency or a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise, mortgage-related derivatives, commercial mortgage-backed securities, or "CMBS," commercial mortgage loans and other commercial real estate debt, as well as corporate debt and equity securities, and derivatives. We also may opportunistically acquire and manage other types of mortgage-related and financial asset classes, such as residential whole mortgage loans, securities backed by consumer and commercial assets, or "ABS," non-mortgage-related derivatives, and real property. We are externally managed and advised by our Manager, an affiliate of Ellington. Ellington is a registered investment adviser with an 18-year history of investing in a broad spectrum of mortgage-backed securities, or "MBS," and related derivatives.
Effective January 1, 2013, we conduct all of our operations and business activities through Ellington Financial Operating Partnership LLC, our consolidated operating partnership subsidiary (the "Operating Partnership"). As of June 30, 2013, we have an ownership interest of approximately 99% in the Operating Partnership. The interest of approximately 1% not owned by us represents the interest in the Operating Partnership, which is owned by an affiliate of our Manager, that is reflected in our financial statements as a non-controlling interest.
Our primary objective is to generate attractive, risk-adjusted total returns for our shareholders. We seek to attain this objective by utilizing an opportunistic strategy to make investments, without restriction as to ratings, structure or position in the capital structure, that we believe compensate us appropriately for the risks associated with them rather than targeting a specific yield. Our evaluation of the potential risk-adjusted return of any potential investment typically involves weighing the potential returns of such investment under a variety of economic scenarios against the perceived likelihood of the various scenarios. Potential investments subject to greater risk (such as those with lower credit ratings and/or those with a lower position in the capital structure) will generally require a higher potential return to be attractive in comparison to investment alternatives with lower potential return and a lower degree of risk. However, at any particular point in time, depending on how we perceive the market’s pricing of risk both generally and across sectors, we may favor higher-risk assets or we may favor lower-risk assets, or a combination of the two in the interests of portfolio diversification or other considerations.
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Through June 30, 2013, our non-Agency RMBS strategy has been the primary driver of our risk and return, and we expect that this will continue. We continue to maintain a highly leveraged portfolio of Agency RMBS to take advantage of opportunities in that market sector and to maintain our exclusion from regulation as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Unless we acquire very substantial amounts of whole mortgage loans or there are changes to the rules and regulations applicable to us under the Investment Company Act, we expect that we will always maintain some core amount of Agency RMBS. We also expect that we will continue to allocate some of our capital to our CMBS and commercial mortgage loan strategy.
We also use leverage in our non-Agency MBS strategies, albeit significantly less leverage than that used in our Agency RMBS strategy. Through June 30, 2013, we financed our purchases of Agency RMBS and non-Agency MBS almost exclusively through reverse repo agreements, which we account for as collateralized borrowings. In January 2012, we completed a small resecuritization transaction using one of our non-Agency RMBS assets; this transaction is accounted for as a collateralized borrowing and is classified on our Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity as "Securitized debt." This securitized debt represents long-term financing for the related asset, in contrast to our reverse repos collateralized by non-Agency MBS which typically have 30 to 180 day terms. However, we expect to continue to obtain the vast majority of our financing through the use of reverse repos.
The strategies that we are currently employing are intended to capitalize on opportunities in the current market environment. We intend to adjust our strategies to changing market conditions by shifting our asset allocations across various asset classes as credit and liquidity trends evolve over time. We believe that this flexibility, combined with Ellington’s experience, will help us generate more consistent returns on our capital throughout changing market cycles.
In May 2013, we completed a follow-on common share offering which resulted in net proceeds of $125.3 million, after offering costs. Proceeds from the offering were fully deployed during the second quarter and invested in our target assets.
In the latter part of the second quarter, we increased our level of cash holdings, both as a buffer against the increased market volatility and so as to be able to take advantage of potential investment opportunities.
As of June 30, 2013, outstanding borrowings under reverse repos and securitized debt were $1.3 billion and our debt-to-equity ratio was 2.02 to 1. Our debt-to-equity ratio does not account for liabilities other than debt financings. Of our total borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2013, approximately 67.7% or $872.4 million relates to our Agency RMBS holdings.
We opportunistically hedge our credit risk and interest rate risk; however, at any point in time we may choose not to hedge all or a portion of these risks, and we will generally not hedge those risks that we believe are appropriate for us to take at such time, or that we believe would be impractical or prohibitively expensive to hedge.
We believe that we have been organized and have operated so that we have qualified, and will continue to qualify, to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a partnership and not as an association or a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation.
As of June 30, 2013, our diluted book value per share was $24.51 as compared to $24.78 as of March 31, 2013 and $24.38 as of December 31, 2012.
Trends and Recent Market Developments
Key trends and recent market developments for the MBS market include the following:
• | Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy—On June 19, 2013, the U.S. Federal Reserve, or the "Federal Reserve," reiterated its intention to continue its accommodative monetary policies, although its assessment of the state of the U.S. economy was more optimistic in tone than previous statements, and there has been increased speculation that the Federal Reserve's bond purchase programs will end sooner than previously expected; |
• | Housing and Mortgage Market Statistics—In the first quarter of 2013, mortgage delinquency rose while foreclosure rates continued to fall, and through the first half of 2013, home prices continued to trend higher and the general consensus remains that the U.S. housing market is in the midst of a sustained recovery; |
• | Mortgage Rates—During the second quarter of 2013, U.S. mortgage rates reached their highest points in the last two years, causing a sharp decline in mortgage refinance applications; |
• | Government Sponsored Enterprise, or "GSE," Developments—Recent developments include proposed legislation introduced into the U.S. Senate that, if enacted, would over time replace Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in favor of a government sponsored reinsurer of MBS that would act as a backstop to private capital in a crisis; the sale of non-Agency MBS from the GSEs' held portfolios; and as part of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or the "FHFA's," |
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risk sharing goals, the marketing of securities by Freddie Mac designed to offload the first-loss position of certain government-guaranteed MBS into the private capital markets;
• | Government Homeowner Assistance Programs—In April 2013, the FHFA announced a two year extension to the expiration of the Home Affordable Refinance Program, or "HARP," from December 2013 to December 2015; a similar extension was announced for the Home Affordable Modification Program, or "HAMP" and |
• | Liquidity and Valuations—Non-Agency and Agency MBS experienced meaningful price declines during the second quarter as a result of increasing market speculation that the Federal Reserve will soon wind down its asset purchase program and other accommodative monetary policies. |
Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy
On June 19, 2013, the Federal Reserve reiterated its intention to continue purchasing Agency RMBS at a pace of $40 billion per month and longer-term U.S. Treasury securities at a pace of $45 billion per month. The Federal Reserve further announced that it would be maintaining its existing policies of reinvesting principal payments from its holdings of Agency debt and Agency RMBS into Agency RMBS and of rolling over maturing U.S. Treasury securities at auction. These actions continue to be taken by the Federal Reserve in furtherance of its stated goals to maintain downward pressure on longer-term interest rates, support mortgage markets and help to make broader financial conditions more accommodative. The Federal Reserve also reiterated its prior statement that it would continue to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 0% to 0.25% as long as the unemployment rate remains above 6.5%.While over the past several months these stated policies have not changed, the Federal Reserve, in a statement released June 19th, stated that the Federal Open Market Committee, or "FOMC," "sees the downside risks to the outlook for the economy and the labor market as having diminished since the fall." This assessment was more optimistic in tone than in prior statements. In addition, in his press conference following the June meeting of the FOMC, Chairman Ben Bernanke provided additional insight into the views of the FOMC by indicating that the Federal Reserve would begin tapering its bond purchases at the end of 2013 to the extent economic conditions continued to improve. He further indicated that the tapering of asset purchases would continue in 2014 and end when the level of U.S. unemployment neared 7%, but stressed that decisions around changes to the pace of asset purchases were data dependent.
The Federal Reserve's asset purchases and other policy initiatives are designed to lower yields on Agency RMBS and thereby drive mortgage rates lower in order to spur refinancing activity and support a stronger economic recovery. When the program was initially put into place in the fall of 2012, mortgage rates declined consistent with the Federal Reserve's stated goals. However, since the beginning of 2013, as the economy has shown more consistent signs of improvement, uncertainty with respect to how long these accommodative monetary policies would continue has added significant volatility to the U.S. fixed income markets. Following the release of strong economic data in early May (including a positive report on home prices and a strong employment report), this volatility has further increased, and interest rates have been driven sharply higher. Ten-year U.S. Treasury rates reached their highest levels in almost two years, surging from 1.63% on May 1, 2013 to 2.49% on June 28, 2013. As a result, all major fixed income sectors experienced substantial price declines, including even credit-sensitive sectors such as high-yield corporate bonds and non-Agency RMBS. In the case of Agency RMBS, heavy selling by mutual bond funds, exchange traded funds, and mortgage REITs exacerbated the price declines. In a July 10, 2013 speech, following a week of strong economic news that had pushed bond market yields even higher, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke attempted to calm market fears around an imminent “tapering” of the asset purchase programs and other accommodative monetary policies, by suggesting that with inflation low and employment weak, these accommodative policies would remain appropriate for some time. In light of all these conflicting forces, we expect interest rate volatility to remain elevated for the foreseeable future. The risk that interest rates could continue to rise is substantial, thus reinforcing the importance of our ability to hedge interest risk in both our Agency RMBS and non-Agency MBS portfolios using a variety of tools, including TBAs, interest rate swaps, and other instruments.
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Housing and Mortgage Market Statistics
The percentage of delinquent subprime mortgages increased as of March 31, 2013 as compared to December 31, 2012, while subprime mortgages in foreclosure declined over the same period, as reported by the Mortgage Bankers Association, or the "MBA," in their National Delinquency Survey:
As of | ||||||
March 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||
Fixed (1) | ||||||
Delinquent (2) | 20.1 | % | 19.2 | % | ||
Foreclosure | 8.7 | % | 9.3 | % | ||
Total | 28.8 | % | 28.5 | % | ||
ARM (1) | ||||||
Delinquent (2) | 23.7 | % | 22.3 | % | ||
Foreclosure | 16.3 | % | 18.2 | % | ||
Total | 40.0 | % | 40.5 | % |
(1) | Source: Based on Mortgage Bankers Association, National Delinquency Survey press releases issued May 9, 2013 and February 21, 2013. |
(2) | Includes loans that are at least one payment past due but does not include loans in foreclosure, seasonally adjusted. |
We believe that the above statistics, in large, part merely reflect the dwindling nature of the subprime mortgage market: foreclosures eventually get resolved, thus reducing the percentage of subprime mortgages in foreclosure, and the stubborn subset of delinquent mortgages represent a greater percentage of the shrinking total. For the greater mortgage market, which consists primarily of prime mortgages, the trend is clear: as homeowners re-establish equity in their homes through recovering real estate prices, they have become less likely to become delinquent and default on their mortgages.
Data released by S&P Indices for its S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indices for April 2013 showed that, on average, home prices increased 11.6% for its 10-City Composite and by 12.1% for the 20-City Composite as compared to April 2012. On a monthly basis, the respective increases were 2.63% and 2.52%. According to the report, home prices remain below the peak levels of 2006, but on average, are back to their spring 2004 levels for both the 10-City and 20-City Composites. In addition to home prices rising, single family home building permits and housing starts have experienced significant increases as compared to one year ago. Finally, according to CoreLogic, as of May 2013, the national inventory of foreclosed homes was 1.0 million and represented the 19th consecutive month with a year-over-year decline. As of March 2013, the inventory of foreclosed homes was 1.1 million. This decline has the impact of reducing the overhang effect of these unsold foreclosed homes on the housing market. While the recent sharp increase in interest rates and the slow and uneven pace of the recovery of the U.S. economy continue to create potential risks to the recovering housing market, recent trends continue to indicate, on balance, that the recovery in the housing market continues on a strong footing.
On August 2, 2013, the U.S. Department of Labor reported that, as of July 2013, the U.S. unemployment rate was 7.4%. This compares to 8.3% as of July 2012 and 7.5% as of April 2013. Though the rate remains relatively unchanged in recent months, consensus is generally positive as the U.S. economy continues to add jobs. While it is difficult to quantify the relationship between the unemployment rate and the housing and mortgage markets, we believe that current levels of unemployment do not represent a significant impediment to a continuing housing recovery. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve accommodative monetary policies continue to be aimed at both supporting the housing market and driving the unemployment rate down. In some regions of the country, however, we believe that continued significant increases in mortgage rates might significantly restrain further increases in housing prices.
Mortgage Rates
Mortgage rates rose sharply during the quarter, in sympathy with the rise in yields on Treasuries and current coupon Agency MBS. The Freddie Mac survey 30-year mortgage rate increased over 100 basis points from the beginning of May to the end of June–a remarkable rise in such a short period of time–and ended the quarter at 4.46%, its highest level in nearly two years. The level of mortgage rates typically has a significant impact on home purchase and refinancing activity, since rising mortgage rates make home purchases relatively less affordable, and give existing homeowners less incentive to refinance. The MBA has already reported a meaningful decline in its Market Composite Index, a measure of mortgage application volume. According to the MBA, while most of the decline was due to the drop in applications for refinancing, applications for purchases also declined. While mortgage rates remain low by historical standards, rising mortgage rates will reduce the affordability of home purchases, and thus potentially restrain home price appreciation, which in turn could negatively impact the performance of non-Agency RMBS, especially distressed non-Agency RMBS. The recent rise in mortgage rates has also
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sharply lowered expectations of prepayment speeds on existing Agency RMBS, thus introducing significant extension risk to a market that had only recently been focused almost exclusively on the risk of accelerated prepayments.
GSE Developments
On March 4, 2013, in connection with its ongoing efforts to reduce the risk and market presence of the GSEs, the FHFA announced its plans for the remainder of 2013. First, the FHFA plans to establish a new business entity that will be initially owned and funded by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and operate as a replacement for some of their legacy infrastructure. The longer term goal of this new entity is to create a common securitization platform that could eventually be sold or used by policy makers as a foundational element of the mortgage market of the future. Second, for 2013, the FHFA reiterated its goal of executing risk-sharing transactions for both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which could include transactions involving expanded mortgage insurance, credit-linked securities, senior/subordinated securities, and others. Third, the FHFA also expects to continue increasing guarantee fees in 2013, so as to make these fees more aligned with what might be expected to be charged by private sector providers. Fourth, plans for 2013 also include maintaining foreclosure prevention programs, such as HARP and HAMP.
In June 2013, in connection with efforts aimed at winding down the GSEs, a bipartisan group of U.S. Senators introduced a bill that would replace Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with a new entity, tentatively named the Federal Mortgage Insurance Corporation, or "FMIC," that would serve as an insurer against catastrophic risk on MBS. Private capital would be required to absorb the first 10% of losses on any MBS insured by FMIC. FMIC would charge and collect fees to cover its operating costs and maintain a catastrophic reserve fund, and would continue efforts to build a common securitization platform for pooling mortgages, and issuing and selling MBS. Also under the proposal, each of the existing GSEs would be fully liquidated within five years, with the liquidation proceeds first paid to the U.S. Treasury as the holder of $188 billion in senior preferred stock, and then to junior preferred and common stock holders. In a public statement, the FHFA expressed support for the proposed measure. While the proposal is sure to encounter resistance from all sides, as many will believe that the proposal goes too far in removing the government's presence in the mortgage market and many will believe that it doesn't go far enough, we believe that the proposal demonstrates that there is significant bipartisan support for gradually reducing the risk borne by government entities in the mortgage markets.
In furtherance of the FHFA's stated goal of executing risk-sharing transactions, Freddie Mac began marketing its first such MBS transaction, called Structured Agency Credit Risk, or "STACR," securities. The STACR securities are designed to transfer to private investors a significant portion of the credit risk on a large portfolio of loans recently purchased by Freddie Mac. To the extent the initial pilot transactions are well received by the marketplace, these securities have the potential to become a liquid and broadly sought after new asset class. Freddie Mac hopes to issue multiple deals this year and plans to become a programmatic issuer of the structure by 2014. Fannie Mae is also expected to issue a similar and coordinated product in the near future. The FHFA has directed each entity to complete various risk-sharing transactions in the amount of $30 billion this year.
In connection with a mandate from FHFA to sell 5% of the illiquid portion of their retained portfolios, both GSEs have recently been selling some of their non-Agency MBS. In May 2013, Fannie Mae auctioned off approximately $2 billion of its CMBS holdings, and in July it auctioned off approximately $1 billion of non-Agency RMBS. Separately, in May 2013 and June 2013, Freddie Mac sold, in the aggregate, approximately $2 billion of non-Agency MBS. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac collectively held approximately $168 billion of non-Agency MBS (including CMBS) as of March 31, 2013.
We believe that those efforts aimed at more rationally pricing risk taken by the GSEs and aimed at reducing the GSEs’ portfolios, and thereby accelerating the re-entry of private capital into the U.S. mortgage market, are potentially beneficial to our business. While the FHFA developed and published a plan for this purpose, and steps in this direction have seem to have accelerated this year so far, overall, this process has been slow and will likely continue to evolve over an extended period. As it currently stands, the GSEs continue to support the overwhelming majority of the U.S. single-family mortgage market. However, should policymakers successfully reduce the GSEs presence in the U.S. mortgage market, we believe that many new investment opportunities will become available to us.
On May 1, 2013 President Obama nominated Mel Watt to replace Edward DeMarco as head of the FHFA. The Senate Banking Committee approved Watt's nomination on July 18, 2013. Watt now faces the remainder of the Senate where he needs sixty votes in order to secure his nomination. Market speculation that Watt may be friendlier to borrowers and more willing to allow additional refinancing for underwater borrowers weighed on second quarter valuations of Agency RMBS. The vote is likely to take place once the Senate reconvenes in September.
Government Homeowner Assistance Programs
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According to the FHFA, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac refinanced approximately 107,000 loans in April 2013 under HARP. Borrowers with loan-to-value ratios greater than 105% made up 44% of those refinanced under the program since the beginning of 2013 through April 2013. Since its inception in April 2009, approximately 2.6 million loans have been refinanced through this program. The success of HARP is due to record-low mortgage rates and enhancements to the program made in late 2011, including removal of the loan-to-value ceiling for borrowers who refinance into fixed-rate loans and the elimination or lowering of fees for certain borrowers. On April 11, 2013, the FHFA directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to extend HARP by two years to December 31, 2015. However, given the recent surge in mortgage rates, it is likely that the level of HARP refinancing activity will decline in the near term.
In May 2013, the FHFA also directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to extend two programs that help troubled borrowers avoid foreclosure by facilitating mortgage loan modifications. Like the HARP program, HAMP and the streamlined modification initiative will be extended to December 31, 2015. HAMP had originally been scheduled to expire at the end of 2013, and the streamlined modification initiative had been scheduled to expire on August 31, 2015. While Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have embraced interest rate reductions, term extensions, and principal forbearance in their HAMP modifications, they do not currently allow principal forgiveness. There has been much debate among policymakers as to the appropriateness of the use of principal forgiveness by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as a loan modification tool, with those opposed expressing concern about fairness to ineligible borrowers, cost to the government, and moral hazard. Since the start of the conservatorship of the GSEs in 2008, 2.8 million borrowers have received some form of loan modification.
Liquidity and Valuations
Non-Agency MBS valuations, which had generally been improving for several quarters leading up to the second quarter, continued to improve through the first half of the second quarter. Because home prices serve as one of the most important determinants of future cashflows in distressed non-Agency RMBS, the ongoing positive momentum in home prices continued to fuel prices for non-Agency RMBS through the mid-May. However, in the latter part of the second quarter, the sharp rise in interest rates, discussed above under "Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy," negatively impacted prices for non-Agency RMBS as well as other fixed income sectors. U.S. bond funds experienced a record amount of redemptions in late May and June as investors sought to decrease their exposure to the fixed income markets. Also weighing on non-Agency RMBS prices was the sale in late May of a $9 billion portfolio of non-Agency RMBS by Lloyds TSB. These holdings, which represented one of the largest sources of supply since the Maiden Lane transactions, were sold to five large U.S. financial institutions and created a modest overhang in the non-Agency MBS market. This increased supply coupled with the rise in interest rates were the major contributors to the overall decline in non-Agency MBS.
During the second quarter, our non-Agency RMBS portfolio performance benefited from our credit and interest rate hedges, which blunted most of the price declines that occurred in the latter portion of the quarter. In addition, in the first part of the second quarter when asset prices were much higher, we sold certain lower-priced, higher-risk securities which it seemed were being priced to potentially overly optimistic scenarios, and purchased certain higher-priced, lower-risk securities.
Subsequently, however, as the market softened in the latter portion of the second quarter, we were again able to find what we believe to be attractive opportunities among riskier non-Agency RMBS assets.
Non-Agency CMBS also experienced high volatility during the second quarter. We continued to actively trade our CMBS portfolio in order to monetize gains and to replace bonds at attractive levels. We believe that the environment for CMBS investing remains very attractive, although the recent rise in interest rates may cause new issuance to decline in the second half of the year.
Market speculation about the unwinding of the Federal Reserve's accommodative monetary policy activities weighed heavily on Agency RMBS during the second quarter, especially given how much of the Federal Reserve's asset purchases have been concentrated in this asset class. Lower coupon securities, and specified pools with high pay-ups, fared the worst in the selloff. However, as with non-Agency MBS, we viewed some of the price reductions as representing buying opportunities. During the quarter, our TBAs and other interest rate hedges offset much of the impact of the price declines in our Agency RMBS.
Notwithstanding the recent significant volatility in the fixed income market, repo financing has remained readily available for both Agency and non-Agency MBS, and within each of these asset classes our borrowing costs and haircuts have also remained relatively stable. Additionally, short term rates (on which interest rates for our repo is based) have remained relatively stable since the end of the first quarter. As of June 30, 2013 our outstanding reverse repos were with twelve different counterparties.
Outlook
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While the technical factors supporting MBS weakened considerably in the second quarter, we continue to remain generally optimistic on the fundamental prospects for non-Agency RMBS. We believe that the upward trend in home prices, and the downward trend in delinquencies, foreclosures, and shadow housing inventory, will enhance the yields of, and provide further price support to, non-Agency RMBS. We believe that the recent pullback in prices has led to excellent buying opportunities. We expect to see significant volatility in the near term, and we believe that this volatility will create numerous trading opportunities for us both to sell securities that we feel have become more fully valued or overpriced, and to purchase securities that we feel offer better relative value. We also expect to continue to opportunistically purchase attractively priced securities in other sectors, such as asset-backed securities–where we have recently increased our portfolio of collateralized loan obligations, or "CLOs," to $39.8 million as of June 30, 2013–and non-performing commercial whole loans.
For the past several quarters, as credit default swaps, or "CDS," on the ABX indices have become increasingly illiquid, we have oriented our credit hedging strategy away from short positions in the ABX indices, in favor of other credit hedges such as short positions on corporate indices and short positions on certain publicly traded REITs. As market conditions change, and especially as the pricing of various credit hedging instruments changes in relation to our outlook on future credit performance, we continuously re-evaluate both the extent to which we hedge credit risk and the particular mix of instruments that we use to hedge credit risk.
The second quarter was a challenging one for Agency RMBS, but we believe the current market environment has created the opportunity to buy specified pools with stronger prepayment protection at better prices. While the increase in rates has made prepayment protection less important in lower coupon pools, higher coupon pools with prepayment protection have become more attractive. We continue to target pools that, taking into account their particular composition and based on our prepayment projections: (1) will generate attractive yields relative to other Agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities, (2) will have less prepayment sensitivity to government policy shocks and/or (3) create opportunities for trading gains once the market recognizes their value, which for newer pools may come only after several months, when actual prepayment experience can be observed. We believe that our research team, our proprietary prepayment models, and our extensive databases remain essential tools in our implementation of this strategy. However, actions by the Federal Reserve continue to dominate the market for Agency RMBS and market speculation about future actions by the Federal Reserve continues to cause significant volatility. The uncertainty with respect to future Federal Reserve actions reinforces the importance of our flexibility in hedging our risks using a variety of tools, including TBAs, as we adapt to changing market conditions. We also believe that our active trading style, coupled with our ability to dynamically alter the mix of TBAs and interest rate derivatives that we use to hedge interest rate risk, is of great benefit to our Agency RMBS strategy. While prepayment risk has declined over the past few months for lower coupon MBS pools because of the increase in interest rates, mortgage rates are still at very low levels on a historical relative basis and prepayment risk remains a risk in the portfolio.
In our commercial mortgage loan and CMBS strategy, we expect to continue to participate actively in both the still-recovering new issue market and in the secondary market. As with non-Agency and Agency RMBS, the price declines of the second quarter have created opportunities for us to buy assets at attractive prices. During the second quarter, we increased our holdings of CMBS, and we expect this trend to continue in the latter half of the year.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for investment companies. In June 2007, the AICPA issued Amendments to ASC 946-10 ("ASC 946-10"), Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies. ASC 946-10 was effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2007 with earlier application encouraged. After we adopted ASC 946-10, the FASB issued guidance which effectively delayed indefinitely the effective date of ASC 946-10. However, this additional guidance explicitly permitted entities that early adopted ASC 946-10 before December 31, 2007 to continue to apply the provisions of ASC 946-10. We have elected to continue to apply the provisions of ASC 946-10. ASC 946-10 provides guidance for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide for Investment Companies, or the "Guide." The Guide provides guidance for determining whether the specialized industry accounting principles of the Guide should be retained in the financial statements of a parent company, of an investment company or of an equity method investor in an investment company. Effective August 17, 2007, we adopted ASC 946-10 and follow its provisions which, among other things, requires that investments be reported at fair value in the financial statements. Although we conduct our operations so that we are not required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, for financial reporting purposes, we have elected to continue to apply the provisions of ASC 946-10.
Certain of our critical accounting policies require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our consolidated financial statements are based were reasonable at the time made based upon information available to us at that time. We rely on the experience of our Manager and Ellington and analysis of historical and current market data in order to arrive at what we believe to be reasonable estimates. See Note 2 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for a complete discussion of our significant accounting policies. We have identified our most critical accounting policies to be the following:
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Valuation: We adopted a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements on January 1, 2008. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Financial instruments include securities, derivatives, and repurchase agreements. A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in these securities.
The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for our financial instruments:
Level 1 valuation methodologies include the observation of quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets, often received from widely recognized data providers.
Level 2 valuation methodologies include the observation of (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates and yield curves) in active markets and (iii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3 valuation methodologies include (i) the solicitation of valuations from third parties (typically, broker-dealers), (ii)the use of proprietary models that require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions, and (iii) the assessment of observable or reported recent trading activity. We utilize such information to assign a good faith fair value (the estimated price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the valuation date) to each such financial instrument.
We seek to obtain at least one third-party indicative valuation for each instrument, and often obtain multiple indicative valuations when available. Third-party valuation providers often utilize proprietary models that are highly subjective and also require the use of a significant amount of judgment and the application of various assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment assumptions and default rate assumptions. We have been able to obtain third-party valuations on the vast majority of our assets and expect to continue to solicit third-party valuations on substantially all assets in the future to the extent practical. Generally, we value each financial instrument at the average of all third party valuations received and not rejected as described below. Third-party valuations are not binding on us, and while we generally do not adjust such valuations, we may challenge or reject a valuation when, based on the validation criteria, we determine that such valuation is unreasonable or erroneous. Furthermore, we may determine, based on our validation criteria, that for a given instrument the average of the third-party valuations received does not result in what we believe to be fair value, and in such circumstances we may override this average with our own good faith valuation. Our validation criteria include the use of our own models, recent trading activity in the same or similar instruments, and valuations received from third parties. Our valuation process, including the application of validation criteria, is overseen by the Manager's valuation committee. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the financial instruments existed, and the differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.
See the notes to our consolidated financial statements for more information on valuation.
Securities Transactions and Investment Income: Securities transactions are generally recorded on trade date. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are calculated based on identified cost. Interest income, which includes accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on MBS, ABS, commercial mortgage loans, U.S. Treasury securities, and securitized debt, is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. For purposes of determining the effective interest rate, management estimates the future expected cash flows of its investment holdings based on assumptions including, but not limited to, prepayment and default rate assumptions. These assumptions are re-evaluated not less than quarterly and require the use of a significant amount of judgment. Principal write-offs are generally treated as realized losses. For non-performing commercial mortgage loans, purchase discounts are generally not amortized.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a description of relevant recent accounting pronouncements.
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Financial Condition
The following table summarizes our investment portfolio as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. For more detailed information about the investments in our portfolio, please refer to the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments as of these dates contained in our consolidated financial statements.
June 30, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | Current Principal | Fair Value | Average Price (1) | Cost | Average Cost (1) | Current Principal | Fair Value | Average Price (1) | Cost | Average Cost (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency RMBS(2) | $ | 938,866 | $ | 690,891 | $ | 73.59 | $ | 631,599 | $ | 67.27 | $ | 818,878 | $ | 524,881 | $ | 64.10 | $ | 482,824 | $ | 58.96 | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency CMBS and Commercial Mortgage Loans | 59,745 | 31,469 | 52.67 | 32,115 | 53.75 | 41,667 | 28,873 | 69.29 | 32,078 | 76.99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other ABS(3) | 36,386 | 33,539 | 92.18 | 34,569 | 95.01 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Non-Agency MBS, Other ABS, and Commercial Mortgage Loans | 1,034,997 | 755,899 | 73.03 | 698,283 | 67.47 | 860,545 | 553,754 | 64.35 | 514,902 | 59.83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agency RMBS:(4) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Floating | 9,898 | 10,425 | 105.32 | 10,127 | 102.31 | 16,219 | 17,169 | 105.86 | 16,612 | 102.42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed | 791,317 | 822,835 | 103.98 | 842,494 | 106.47 | 696,123 | 750,454 | 107.80 | 740,463 | 106.37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Agency RMBS | 801,215 | 833,260 | 104.00 | 852,621 | 106.42 | 712,342 | 767,623 | 107.76 | 757,075 | 106.28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Non-Agency and Agency MBS, Other ABS, and Commercial Mortgage Loans | $ | 1,836,212 | $ | 1,589,159 | $ | 86.55 | $ | 1,550,904 | $ | 84.46 | $ | 1,572,887 | $ | 1,321,377 | $ | 84.01 | $ | 1,271,977 | $ | 80.87 | |||||||||||||||||||
Agency Interest Only RMBS | n/a | $ | 27,397 | n/a | $ | 29,737 | n/a | n/a | $ | 6,644 | n/a | $ | 9,289 | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Agency Interest Only and Principal Only RMBS and Other | n/a | $ | 9,920 | n/a | $ | 9,492 | n/a | n/a | $ | 3,485 | n/a | $ | 3,308 | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
TBAs: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long | $ | 81,970 | $ | 80,959 | $ | 98.77 | $ | 82,049 | $ | 100.10 | $ | 41,150 | $ | 43,610 | $ | 105.98 | $ | 43,579 | $ | 105.90 | |||||||||||||||||||
Short | (543,876 | ) | (561,845 | ) | 103.30 | (566,128 | ) | 104.09 | (568,880 | ) | (608,720 | ) | 107.00 | (607,967 | ) | 106.87 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Short TBAs | $ | (461,906 | ) | $ | (480,886 | ) | $ | 104.11 | $ | (484,079 | ) | $ | 104.80 | $ | (527,730 | ) | $ | (565,110 | ) | $ | 107.08 | $ | (564,388 | ) | $ | 106.95 | |||||||||||||
Short U.S. Treasury Securities | $ | (41,700 | ) | $ | (40,977 | ) | $ | 98.27 | $ | (41,929 | ) | $ | 100.55 | $ | (13,000 | ) | $ | (13,581 | ) | $ | 104.47 | $ | (13,081 | ) | $ | 100.62 | |||||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements | $ | 41,188 | $ | 41,188 | $ | 100.00 | $ | 41,188 | $ | 100.00 | $ | 13,650 | $ | 13,650 | $ | 100.00 | $ | 13,650 | $ | 100.00 | |||||||||||||||||||
Long Common Stock | n/a | $ | 2,987 | n/a | $ | 2,952 | n/a | n/a | $ | — | n/a | $ | — | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short Common Stock | n/a | $ | (6,100 | ) | n/a | $ | (6,151 | ) | n/a | n/a | $ | — | n/a | $ | — | n/a | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Net Investments | $ | 1,142,688 | $ | 1,102,114 | $ | 766,465 | $ | 720,755 |
(1) | Represents the dollar amount (not shown in thousands) per $100 of current principal of the price or cost for the security. |
(2) | Excludes Interest Only, Principal Only, and Other Private Label securities. |
(3) | Excludes equity tranches and similar securities. |
(4) | Excludes Interest Only securities and TBAs. |
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The following table summarizes our financial derivatives portfolio as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. For more detailed information about the investments in our portfolio, please refer to the Consolidated Condensed Schedule of Investments as of these dates contained in our consolidated financial statements.
June 30, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | Notional Value | Fair Value | Notional Value | Fair Value | |||||||||||
Long Mortgage-Related Derivatives: (1) | |||||||||||||||
CDS on RMBS and CMBS Indices | $ | 43,647 | $ | (13,478 | ) | $ | 40,216 | $ | (11,986 | ) | |||||
Total Long Mortgage-Related Derivatives | 43,647 | (13,478 | ) | 40,216 | (11,986 | ) | |||||||||
Short Mortgage-Related Derivatives: (2) | |||||||||||||||
CDS on RMBS and CMBS Indices | (63,937 | ) | 9,553 | (74,621 | ) | 10,986 | |||||||||
CDS on Individual RMBS | (31,263 | ) | 20,593 | (45,121 | ) | 36,030 | |||||||||
Total Short Mortgage-Related Derivatives | (95,200 | ) | 30,146 | (119,742 | ) | 47,016 | |||||||||
Net Mortgage-Related Derivatives | $ | (51,553 | ) | $ | 16,668 | $ | (79,526 | ) | $ | 35,030 | |||||
Long CDS on Corporate Bond Indices | $ | 4,875 | $ | 127 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
Short CDS on Corporate Bond Indices | $ | (111,438 | ) | $ | (4,236 | ) | $ | (67,500 | ) | $ | (484 | ) | |||
Long Total Return Swaps on Corporate Equities (5) | $ | 7,739 | $ | (53 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Short Total Return Swaps on Corporate Equities (5) | $ | (11,944 | ) | $ | 61 | $ | (18,737 | ) | $ | (65 | ) | ||||
Interest Rate Derivatives: | |||||||||||||||
Long Interest Rate Swaps (3) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,500 | $ | (32 | ) | ||||||
Short Interest Rate Swaps (4) | (651,400 | ) | 15,945 | (238,900 | ) | (1,087 | ) | ||||||||
Long U.S. Treasury Note Futures (6) | 34,500 | (49 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||
Short Eurodollar Futures (7) | (21,000 | ) | (29 | ) | (63,000 | ) | (70 | ) | |||||||
Total Net Interest Rate Derivatives | $ | (637,900 | ) | $ | 15,867 | $ | (299,400 | ) | $ | (1,189 | ) | ||||
Total Net Derivatives | $ | (800,221 | ) | $ | 28,434 | $ | (465,163 | ) | $ | 33,292 |
(1) | Long mortgage-related derivatives represent transactions where we sold credit protection to a counterparty. |
(2) | Short mortgage-related derivatives represent transactions where we purchased credit protection from a counterparty. |
(3) | For long interest rate swaps, a floating rate is being paid and a fixed rate is being received. |
(4) | For short interest rate swaps, a fixed rate is being paid and a floating rate is being received. |
(5) | Notional value represents number of underlying shares or par value times the closing price of the underlying security. |
(6) | Notional value represents the total face amount of U.S. Treasury Notes underlying all contracts held; as of June 30, 2013, a total of 296 contracts were held. |
(7) | Every $1,000,000 in notional value represents one contract. |
As of June 30, 2013, our Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity reflects total assets of $2.7 billion as compared to $2.2 billion as of December 31, 2012. Total liabilities as of June 30, 2013 were $2.1 billion as compared to $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2012. Our portfolios of investments and financial derivatives included in total assets totaled $1.8 billion and $1.4 billion as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, while our investments sold short and financial derivatives included in total liabilities were $627.5 million and $637.5 million as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. We use TBAs in combination with interest rate swaps as the primary instruments to hedge interest rate risk in our long Agency RMBS portfolio. On a quarterly basis, outstanding amounts of these hedging instruments may fluctuate according to the size of our long Agency RMBS portfolio as well as according to how we view market dynamics as favoring the use of one or the other.
TBA-related assets include TBAs and receivables for TBAs sold short, and TBA-related liabilities include TBAs sold short and payables for TBAs purchased. As of June 30, 2013, total assets included $81.0 million of TBAs as well as $571.5 million of receivable for securities sold relating to unsettled TBA sales. As of December 31, 2012, total assets included $43.6 million of TBAs as well as $608.5 million of receivable for securities sold relating to unsettled TBA sales. As of June 30, 2013, total liabilities included $561.8 million of TBAs sold short as well as $82.1 million of payable for securities purchased relating to unsettled TBA purchases. As of December 31, 2012, total liabilities included $608.7 million of TBAs sold short as well as $43.8 million of payable for securities purchased relating to unsettled TBA purchases. Open TBA purchases and sales involving the same counterparty, the same underlying deliverable Agency pass-throughs, and the same settlement date are reflected in our consolidated financial statements on a net basis.
As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, our net short TBAs (short TBA positions reduced by long TBA positions) was $480.9 million and $565.1 million, respectively. The aggregate value of our other (i.e. non-TBA) Agency RMBS as of
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June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, was $860.7 million and $774.3 million, respectively. We increased our non-TBA Agency RMBS long position following the recent volatility in Agency RMBS prices and the resulting opportunities in that market. Our net Agency RMBS position (long non-TBA Agency RMBS reduced by net short TBAs) increased to a long position of $379.8 million as of June 30, 2013 from a long position of $209.2 million as of December 31, 2012. As of June 30, 2013, we reduced our net short TBAs relative to our long Agency RMBS, in favor of increased net short interest rate swaps. Since we actively trade our Agency RMBS, our gross positions tend to fluctuate significantly from period to period. In addition we continuously re-evaluate our overall net Agency RMBS position.
As of June 30, 2013, we held $765.8 million of non-Agency MBS, other ABS, and commercial mortgage loans as compared to $557.2 million as of December 31, 2012. The increase in the total value of our non-Agency MBS portfolio is due in part to the deployment of net proceeds received in our May 2013 secondary share offering. Net proceeds resulting from the offering were $125.3 million. We also increased our holdings of financed non-Agency MBS as of June 30, 2013, relative to December 31, 2012. In addition, our non-Agency MBS appreciated in value relative to December 31, 2012. For most of the past 18 months, the non-Agency MBS market has benefited from a sustained rally, fueled by the recovery in the U.S. housing market as well as the increased demand for higher yielding fixed income assets. Throughout the rally, we had rotated out of certain assets that we believed had become more fully valued, and into other non-Agency MBS assets whose prices had lagged in comparison. However, not only did the sharp rise in interest rates weigh on the non-Agency MBS market in the second quarter, but technical factors turned negative as well, including the sale in late May of a $9 billion portfolio of non-Agency RMBS by Lloyds TSB. This increased supply coupled with the rise in interest rates were the major contributors to the overall decline in non-Agency MBS in the latter part of the second quarter.
In our CMBS strategy, although we have had only a modest amount of our capital allocated to this sector, we have actively traded our holdings. As of June 30, 2013, our CMBS and commercial mortgage loan portfolio represented 4% of the fair value of non-Agency MBS, commercial mortgage loans, and other ABS (which we refer to collectively as our non-Agency portfolio) as compared to 5% as of December 31, 2012. In addition, beginning in the first quarter of 2013, we began purchasing CLOs. As of June 30, 2013, our CLOs represented 5% of the fair value of our non-Agency portfolio and are reflected on our Consolidated Statement of Investments under the caption, "Other Asset-Backed Securities."
As of June 30, 2013, our holdings of net mortgage-related derivatives declined as compared to December 31, 2012. We use mortgage-related credit derivatives primarily to hedge credit risk in our non-Agency MBS portfolio, although we also may from time to time take net long positions in certain CDS on RMBS and CMBS indices. Our CDS on individual RMBS represent short positions whereby we have synthetically purchased credit protection on specific non-Agency RMBS bonds. The overall outstanding notional value of our short CDS contracts on individual RMBS declined to $31.3 million as of June 30, 2013 from $45.1 million as of December 31, 2012. Certain of these contracts ran off during the period, while others were deliberately terminated.
As of June 30, 2013, the net short notional value of our holdings of CDS on RMBS and CMBS indices was $20.3 million as compared to $34.4 million as of December 31, 2012. Over the same period, we increased our short position in CDS on corporate bond indices. As of June 30, 2013, our short CDS on corporate bond indices increased to a net notional amount of $106.6 million from $67.5 million as of December 31, 2012. As market conditions change, especially as the pricing of various credit hedging instruments changes in relation to our outlook on future credit performance, we continuously re-evaluate both the extent to which we hedge credit risk and the particular mix of instruments that we use to hedge credit risk.
As of June 30, 2013, the notional value of our net short interest rate swaps increased to $651.4 million from $236.4 million as of December 31, 2012. This increase was related both to the increase in our Agency RMBS holdings as well as to our decision to replace a portion of our short TBA interest rate hedges with short interest rate swaps.
We have entered into reverse repos to finance some of our assets. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, indebtedness outstanding on our reverse repos was approximately $1.3 billion and $905.7 million, respectively. The increase in our outstanding indebtedness as of June 30, 2013 as compared to December 31, 2012 was as a result of a larger portfolio of non-Agency RMBS held as of June 30, 2013 as compared to December 31, 2012 and a higher amount of financed non-Agency MBS as of June 30, 2013 as compared to December 31, 2012. As of June 30, 2013, we had total Agency RMBS financed with reverse repos of $885.9 million as compared to $737.9 million as of December 31, 2012. As of June 30, 2013, we had total non-Agency MBS financed with reverse repos of $599.2 million as compared to $313.2 million as of December 31, 2012. Outstanding indebtedness under reverse repos for Agency RMBS as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was $872.4 million and $704.9 million, respectively, while outstanding indebtedness under reverse repos for non-Agency MBS as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was $415.5 million and $200.8 million, respectively. Our reverse repos bear interest at rates that have historically moved in close relationship to LIBOR. We account for our reverse repos as collateralized borrowings. See the discussion in "—Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for further information on our reverse repos.
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In connection with our derivative and TBA transactions, in certain circumstances we may require that counterparties post collateral with us. When we exit a derivative or TBA transaction for which a counterparty has posted collateral, we may be required to return some or all of the related collateral to the respective counterparty. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, our derivative and/or TBA counterparties posted an aggregate value of approximately $29.9 million and $31.0 million, respectively as of each date, of collateral with us. This collateral posted with us is included in Due to brokers on our Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity.
TBA Market
We generally do not settle our purchases and sales of TBAs. If, for example, we wish to maintain a short position in a particular TBA as a hedge, we may "roll" the short TBA transaction. In a hypothetical roll transaction, we might have previously entered into a contract to sell a specified amount of 30-year FNMA 4.5% TBA pass-throughs to a particular counterparty for a specified settlement date. As this settlement date approaches, because we generally do not intend to settle the sale transaction, but we wish to maintain the short position, we enter into a roll transaction whereby we purchase the same amount of 30-year FNMA 4.5% TBA pass-throughs (but not necessarily from the same counterparty) for the same specified settlement date, and we sell the same amount of 30-year FNMA 4.5% TBA pass-throughs (potentially to yet another counterparty) for a later settlement date. In this way, we have essentially "flattened out" our 30-year FNMA 4.5% TBA pass-through position for the earlier settlement date (i.e., offset the original sale with a corresponding purchase), and established a new short position for the later settlement date, hence maintaining our short position. By rolling our transaction, we maintain our desired short position in 30-year FNMA 4.5% securities without settling the original sale transaction.
In the case where the counterparty from whom we purchase (or to whom we sell) for the earlier settlement date is the same as the counterparty to whom we sell (or from whom we purchase) for the later settlement date, and when these purchases/sales are transacted simultaneously, this pair of simultaneous purchases or sales is often referred to as a "TBA roll" transaction.
In some instances, to avoid taking or making delivery of TBA securities, we will "pair off" an open purchase or sale transaction with an offsetting sale or purchase with the same counterparty. Alternatively, we will "assign" open transactions from counterparties from whom we have purchased to other counterparties to whom we have sold. In either case, no securities are actually delivered, but instead the net difference in trade proceeds of the offsetting transactions is calculated and a money wire representing such difference is sent to the appropriate party.
For the six month period ended June 30, 2013, as disclosed on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the aggregate TBA activity, or volume of closed transactions based on the sum of the absolute value of buy and sell transactions, was $10.0 billion as compared to $8.3 billion for the six month period ended June 30, 2012. Our TBA activity has principally consisted of: (a) sales (respectively purchases) of TBAs as hedges in connection with purchases (respectively sales) of certain other RMBS assets (especially fixed rate Agency whole pools); (b) TBA roll transactions (as described above) effected to maintain existing TBA short positions; and (c) TBA "sector rotation" transactions whereby a short TBA position in one TBA security is replaced with a short position in a different TBA security. Since we have actively turned over our portfolio of fixed rate Agency whole pools, the volume of TBA hedging transactions has also been correspondingly high. Moreover, our fixed rate Agency whole pool portfolio is typically larger in gross size than our equity capital base, and so we tend to hold large short TBA positions relative to our equity capital base at any time. Finally, the entire amount of short TBA positions held at each monthly TBA settlement date is typically rolled to the following month, and since the amount of short TBA positions tends to be large relative to our equity capital base, TBA roll transaction volume over multi-month periods can represent a multiple of our equity capital base.
Equity
As of June 30, 2013, our equity increased by approximately $131.5 million to $637.9 million from $506.4 million as of December 31, 2012. This increase principally consisted of net proceeds from our May 2013 secondary share offering of approximately $125.3 million, a net increase in equity resulting from operations for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 of approximately $52.5 million, an increase for contribution from non-controlling interest of approximately $4.7 million, and an increase for LTIP awards and common shares issued to our Manager in connection with incentive fee payment of approximately $0.9 million offset by a decrease for dividends paid of approximately $52.0 million. Shareholders' equity, which excludes the non-controlling interest related to the minority interest in the Operating Partnership, was $633.2 million as of June 30, 2013.
As of December 31, 2012, our shareholders’ equity increased by approximately $135.4 million from December 31, 2011. This increase principally consisted of net increase in shareholders’ equity resulting from operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 of approximately $97.1 million, net proceeds from the issuance of shares of approximately $87.8 million (after all offering costs), a decrease for dividends paid of approximately $47.4 million, and a decrease for shares repurchased of approximately $3.4 million.
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Results of Operations for the Three Month Periods Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
The table below represents the net increase in equity resulting from operations for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
Three Month Period Ended June 30, | ||||||||
(In thousands except per share amounts) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Investment income—Interest income | $ | 20,335 | $ | 16,045 | ||||
Expenses: | ||||||||
Base management fee | 2,405 | 1,497 | ||||||
Incentive fee | 1,182 | 2,312 | ||||||
Interest expense | 2,582 | 1,992 | ||||||
Other investment related expenses | 327 | — | ||||||
Other operating expenses | 1,671 | 1,422 | ||||||
Total expenses | 8,167 | 7,223 | ||||||
Net investment income | 12,168 | 8,822 | ||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (17,373 | ) | 7,566 | |||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on financial derivatives | 16,910 | (5,620 | ) | |||||
Net increase in equity resulting from operations | 11,705 | 10,768 | ||||||
Less: Net increase in equity resulting from operations attributable to non-controlling interest | 105 | — | ||||||
Net increase in shareholders’ equity resulting from operations | $ | 11,600 | $ | 10,768 | ||||
Net increase in shareholders’ equity resulting from operations per share | $ | 0.49 | $ | 0.64 |
Summary of Net Increase in Shareholders' Equity from Operations
Our net increase in shareholders' equity from operations ("net income") for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $11.6 million and $10.8 million, respectively. Total return based on changes in "net asset value" or "book value" for our common shares was 1.6% for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to 2.7% for the three month period ended June 30, 2012. Despite the increase in net income for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to the three month period ended June 30, 2012, total return was lower in the current period as compared to the prior period, since the income earned in the current period was earned on a much higher capital base. Average shareholders' equity for the three months ended June 30, 2013 was $576.8 million as compared to $396.1 million for the comparable period of 2012. Total return on our common shares is calculated based on changes in net asset value per share or book value per share and assumes reinvestment of dividends.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income was $12.2 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to $8.8 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2012. Net investment income consists of interest income less total expenses. The period-over-period increase in net investment income was due to higher interest income for the three month period ended June 30, 2013, primarily related to our Agency and non-Agency MBS.
Interest Income
Interest income was $20.3 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to $16.0 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2012. Interest income includes coupon payments received and accrued on our holdings, the net accretion and amortization of purchased discounts and premiums on those holdings and interest on our cash balances, including those balances held by our counterparties as collateral. The increase in interest income period-over-period was driven mainly by an increase in interest income from our non-Agency MBS portfolios, which increased in size. For the second quarter, interest income from our Agency RMBS included an additional $1.5 million, as declines in prepayments brought on by higher interest rates caused an adjustment to premium amortization. For the three month period ended June 30, 2013, interest income from our non-Agency portfolio was $12.7 million while for the three month period ended June 30, 2012, interest income was $9.5 million. For the three month period ended June 30, 2013, interest income from our Agency RMBS was $7.6 million while for the three month period ended June 30, 2012, interest income was $6.5 million.
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Base Management Fees
For the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, base management fee incurred, which is based on total equity at the end of each quarter, was $2.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The increase in the base management fee was based on our increased capital base as of June 30, 2013 as compared to June 30, 2012.
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest on funds borrowed under reverse repos, securitized debt, coupon interest on securities sold short, the related net accretion and amortization of purchased discounts and premiums on those short holdings, and interest on our counterparties’ cash collateral held by us. We had average borrowed funds under reverse repos of $1.1 billion and $943.6 million for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our total interest expense, inclusive of interest expense on securitized debt and our counterparties’ cash collateral held by us, increased to $2.6 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to $2.0 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2012. The period-over-period increase in interest expense under reverse repos was primarily due to the greater percentage of non-Agency related borrowings over the current three month period as compared to the same period of 2012. For the three month period ended June 30, 2013, 29.1% of our average borrowings under reverse repos were related to our non-Agency MBS holdings. For the three month period ended June 30, 2012, 24.1% of our average borrowings were related to our non-Agency MBS holdings. Our total weighted average borrowing cost under our reverse repos was 0.89% for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to 0.80% for the three month period ended June 30, 2012. A slight increase in the average cost of funds for Agency RMBS in the current three month period also contributed to the increase in interest expense.
The tables below show our average borrowed funds, interest expense, average cost of funds, and average one-month and average six-month LIBOR rates under our reverse repos for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 770,252 | $ | 797 | 0.41 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.42 | % | |||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2012 | $ | 716,492 | $ | 660 | 0.37 | % | 0.24 | % | 0.73 | % |
Non-Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 315,851 | $ | 1,603 | 2.04 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.42 | % | |||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2012 | $ | 227,071 | $ | 1,235 | 2.18 | % | 0.24 | % | 0.73 | % |
Agency and Non-Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 1,086,103 | $ | 2,400 | 0.89 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.42 | % | |||||||
For the three month period ended June 30, 2012 | $ | 943,563 | $ | 1,895 | 0.80 | % | 0.24 | % | 0.73 | % |
Incentive Fees
In addition to the base management fee, our Manager is also entitled to a quarterly incentive fee if, and in proportion to the extent that, our performance (as measured by adjusted net income, as defined in the management agreement) over the relevant rolling four quarter calculation period exceeds a defined return hurdle for the period. Incentive fee incurred for the three month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $1.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The return hurdle for each calculation period was based on a 9% annual rate.
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Other Operating Expenses
Other operating expenses consist of professional fees, compensation expense related to our dedicated and partially dedicated personnel, share-based LTIP expense, insurance expense, and various other operating expenses necessary to run our business. Other operating expenses exclude interest expense and other investment related expenses. Other operating expenses for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 were $1.7 million as compared to $1.4 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2012.
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains on Investments
During the three month period ended June 30, 2013, we had net realized and unrealized losses on investments of $17.4 million as compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $7.6 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2012. Net realized and unrealized losses on investments of $17.4 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS and our non-Agency portfolio, partially offset by net realized and unrealized gains on our net short TBAs and U.S. Treasury securities. Losses for our Agency RMBS and non-Agency portfolio were largely related to the sharp increase in interest rates during the quarter that ensued in reaction to indications by the Federal Reserve that its asset purchase program and other accommodative monetary policies might begin to be unwound later in 2013, thus negatively impacting prices for MBS as well as other fixed income sectors. The benchmark ten-year U.S. Treasury yield increased from 1.85% as of March 31, 2013 to 2.49% as of June 28, 2013. U.S. bond funds experienced a record amount of redemptions in late May and June as investors sought to decrease their exposure to the fixed income markets. Our TBAs and U.S. Treasury securities were held on a net short basis and were used primarily to hedge interest rate and prepayment risk with respect to our Agency RMBS.
Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $7.6 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2012 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized gains on our non-Agency MBS and Agency RMBS, partially offset by net realized and unrealized losses on our TBAs and U.S. Treasury securities.
Net Realized and Unrealized Losses on Financial Derivatives
During the three month period ended June 30, 2013, we had net realized and unrealized gains on our financial derivatives of $16.9 million as compared to net realized and unrealized losses of $5.6 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2012. Our financial derivatives consist of interest rate derivatives, which we use primarily to hedge interest rate risk, and of credit derivatives and total return swaps, both of which we use primarily to hedge credit risk, but also in some cases as a means to assume credit risk. Our interest rate derivatives are primarily in the form of short positions in interest rate swaps, and to a lesser extent short and/or long positions in Eurodollar futures and U.S. Treasury Note futures. We also use certain non-derivative instruments, such as TBAs and U.S. Treasury securities, to hedge interest rate risk. Our credit hedges are primarily in the form of credit default swaps where we have purchased credit protection on non-Agency MBS, although from time to time our credit hedges also include total return swaps and CDS on corporate bond indices, which we use to take short positions in various corporate equity and debt securities. Net realized and unrealized gains of $16.9 million on our financial derivatives for the three month period ended June 30, 2013 resulted primarily from net gains of $16.4 million related to our interest rate hedges and $0.5 million related to our credit hedges. The benchmark five-year swap rate increased during the three month period ended June 30, 2013 to 1.57% from 0.95% at March 31, 2013. These gains served to offset some of the impact of the declines in asset values that we experienced during the period.
Net realized and unrealized losses on our financial derivatives of $5.6 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2012 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized losses from our interest rate swaps, total return swaps, and CDS on RMBS and CMBS indices, partially offset by net realized and unrealized gains on our CDS on corporate bond indices and CDS on individual RMBS.
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Results of Operations for the Six Month Periods Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
The table below represents the net increase in equity resulting from operations for the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
Six Month Period Ended June 30, | ||||||||
(In thousands except per share amounts) | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Investment income—Interest income | $ | 38,717 | $ | 31,777 | ||||
Expenses: | ||||||||
Base management fee | 4,373 | 2,988 | ||||||
Incentive fee | 3,237 | 2,312 | ||||||
Interest expense | 4,724 | 3,824 | ||||||
Other investment related expenses | 327 | — | ||||||
Other operating expenses | 3,319 | 2,871 | ||||||
Total expenses | 15,980 | 11,995 | ||||||
Net investment income | 22,737 | 19,782 | ||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments | 19,464 | 33,843 | ||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on financial derivatives | 10,250 | (10,802 | ) | |||||
Net increase in equity resulting from operations | 52,451 | 42,823 | ||||||
Less: Net increase in equity resulting from operations attributable to non-controlling interest | 516 | — | ||||||
Net increase in shareholders’ equity resulting from operations | $ | 51,935 | $ | 42,823 | ||||
Net increase in shareholders’ equity resulting from operations per share | $ | 2.35 | $ | 2.54 |
Summary of Net Increase in Shareholders' Equity from Operations
Our net increase in shareholders' equity from operations ("net income") for the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $51.9 million and $42.8 million, respectively. The increase in our net income period-over-period was primarily driven by an increase in net realized and unrealized gains as well as an increase in net investment income. Total return based on changes in "net asset value" or "book value" for our common shares was 9.6% for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to 11.6% for the six month period ended June 30, 2012. Despite the increase in net income for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to the six month period ended June 30, 2012, total return was lower in the current period as compared to the prior period, since the income earned in the current period was earned on a much higher capital base. Average shareholders' equity for the six months ended June 30, 2013 was $551.6 million as compared to $388.6 million for the comparable period of 2012. Total return on our common shares is calculated based on changes in net asset value per share or book value per share and assumes reinvestment of dividends.
Net Investment Income
Net investment income was $22.7 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to $19.8 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2012. Net investment income consists of interest income less total expenses. The period-over-period increase in net investment income was due to higher interest income for the six month period ended June 30, 2013.
Interest Income
Interest income was $38.7 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to $31.8 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2012. Interest income includes coupon payments received and accrued on our holdings, the net accretion and amortization of purchased discounts and premiums on those holdings and interest on our cash balances, including those balances held by our counterparties as collateral. The increase in interest income period-over-period was driven mainly by an increase in interest income from our non-Agency MBS portfolio, which increased in size. Interest income from Agency RMBS also increased, although not significantly. For the six month period ended June 30, 2013, interest income from our non-Agency portfolios was $24.8 million while for the six month period ended June 30, 2012, interest income was $19.1 million. For the six month period ended June 30, 2013, interest income from our Agency RMBS was $13.9 million while for the six month period ended June 30, 2012, interest income was $12.6 million.
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Base Management Fees
For the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, base management fee incurred, which is based on total equity at the end of each quarter, was $4.4 million and $3.0 million, respectively. The increase in the base management fee was based on our increased capital base.
Interest Expense
Interest expense includes interest on funds borrowed under reverse repos, securitized debt, coupon interest on securities sold short, the related net accretion and amortization of purchased discounts and premiums on those short holdings, and interest on our counterparties’ cash collateral held by us. We had average borrowed funds under reverse repos of $1.0 billion and $916.2 million for the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our total interest expense, inclusive of interest expense on securitized debt and our counterparties’ cash collateral held by us, increased to $4.7 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to $3.8 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2012. Our total weighted average borrowing cost under our reverse repos was 0.85% for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 as compared to 0.79% for the six month period ended June 30, 2012. For the six month period ended June 30, 2013, 26.6% of our average borrowings under reverse repos were related to our non-Agency MBS. For the six month period ended June 30, 2012, 25.0% of our average borrowings were related to our non-Agency MBS holdings.
The tables below show our average borrowed funds, interest expense, average cost of funds, and average one-month and average six-month LIBOR rates under our reverse repos for the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 758,187 | $ | 1,576 | 0.42 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.45 | % | |||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2012 | $ | 686,923 | $ | 1,232 | 0.36 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.75 | % |
Non-Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 275,015 | $ | 2,767 | 2.03 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.45 | % | |||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2012 | $ | 229,283 | $ | 2,405 | 2.10 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.75 | % |
Agency and Non-Agency Securities
(In thousands) | Average Borrowed Funds | Interest Expense | Average Cost of Funds | Average One-Month LIBOR | Average Six-Month LIBOR | ||||||||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 1,033,202 | $ | 4,343 | 0.85 | % | 0.20 | % | 0.45 | % | |||||||
For the six month period ended June 30, 2012 | $ | 916,206 | $ | 3,637 | 0.79 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.75 | % |
Incentive Fees
In addition to the base management fee, our Manager is also entitled to a quarterly incentive fee if, and in proportion to the extent that, our performance (as measured by adjusted net income, as defined in the management agreement) over the relevant rolling four quarter calculation period exceeds a defined return hurdle for the period. Incentive fee incurred for the six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $3.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The return hurdle for each calculation period was based on a 9% annual rate.
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Other Operating Expenses
Other operating expenses consist of professional fees, compensation expense related to our dedicated and partially dedicated personnel, share-based LTIP expense, insurance expense, and various other operating expenses necessary to run our business. Other operating expenses exclude interest expense and other investment related expenses. Other operating expenses for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 were $3.3 million as compared to $2.9 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2012.
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains on Investments
During the six month period ended June 30, 2013, we had net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $19.5 million as compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $33.8 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2012. Prices of our non-Agency MBS generally increased during the six month period ended June 30, 2013 while Agency RMBS prices declined. Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $19.5 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized gains on our non-Agency portfolio, our net short TBAs, and U.S. Treasury securities, partially offset by net realized and unrealized losses on our Agency RMBS. Our TBAs and U.S. Treasury securities were held on a net short basis and were used primarily to hedge interest rate and prepayment risk with respect to our Agency RMBS. Net gains on our non-Agency portfolio, TBAs, and U.S. Treasury securities were $56.0 million while net losses on our Agency RMBS were $36.6 million. The market for non-Agency MBS has benefited from the sustained rally that began 18 months ago. However, in the latter part of the second quarter, interest rates rose in reaction to indications by the Federal Reserve that its asset purchase program and other accommodative monetary policies might begin to be unwound later in 2013, thus negatively impacting prices for MBS as well as other fixed income sectors. The benchmark ten-year U.S. Treasury yield increased from 1.85% as of March 31, 2013 to 2.49% as of June 28, 2013.
Net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $33.8 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2012 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized gains on our non-Agency MBS and Agency RMBS, partially offset by net realized and unrealized losses on our TBAs and U.S. Treasury securities.
Net Realized and Unrealized Losses on Financial Derivatives
During the six month period ended June 30, 2013, we had net realized and unrealized gains on our financial derivatives of $10.3 million as compared to net realized and unrealized losses of $10.8 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2012. Our financial derivatives consist of interest rate derivatives, which we use primarily to hedge interest rate risk, and of credit derivatives and total return swaps, both of which we use primarily to hedge credit risk, but also in some cases as a means to assume credit risk. Our interest rate derivatives are primarily in the form of short positions in interest rate swaps, and to a lesser extent short and/or long positions in U.S. Treasury and Eurodollar futures. We also use certain non-derivative instruments, such as TBAs and U.S. Treasury securities, to hedge interest rate risk. Our credit hedges are in the form of credit default swaps where we have purchased credit protection on non-Agency MBS, as well as total return swaps and CDS on corporate bond indices, which we use to take short positions in various corporate equity and debt securities. Net realized and unrealized gains of $10.3 million on our financial derivatives for the six month period ended June 30, 2013 resulted primarily from net gains of $16.8 million related to our interest rate hedges partially offset by net losses of $6.6 million related to our credit hedges. Net gains on our interest rate derivatives offset some of the price declines of our assets, particularly with respect to our Agency RMBS. Net losses on our credit hedges were not unexpected, given the rally in non-Agency MBS. The benchmark five-year swap rate increased during the six month period ended June 30, 2013 to 1.57% from 0.86% at December 31, 2012.
Net realized and unrealized losses on our financial derivatives of $10.8 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2012 resulted principally from net realized and unrealized losses from our CDS on RMBS and CMBS indices, total return swaps, and interest rate swaps partially offset by net realized and unrealized gains on our CDS on individual RMBS.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity refers to our ability to meet our cash needs, including repaying our borrowings, funding and maintaining RMBS and other assets, making distributions in the form of dividends and other general business needs. Our short-term (one year or less) and long-term liquidity requirements include acquisition costs for assets we acquire, payment of our base management fee and incentive fee, compliance with margin requirements under our repo, reverse repo, TBA, and derivative contracts, repayment of reverse repo borrowings to the extent we are unable or unwilling to extend our reverse repos and payment of our general operating expenses. Our capital resources primarily include cash on hand, cash flow from our investments (including monthly principal and interest payments received on our MBS and proceeds from the sale of securities), borrowings under reverse repos and proceeds from equity offerings. We expect that these sources of funds will be sufficient to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity needs.
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The following summarizes our reverse repos:
Reverse Repurchase Agreements | ||||||||
Average Borrowed Funds During the Period | Borrowed Funds Outstanding at End of the Period | |||||||
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013 | $ | 1,033,202 | $ | 1,287,992 | ||||
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012 | $ | 916,206 | $ | 883,322 |
The following summarizes our borrowings under reverse repos by remaining maturity:
(In thousands) | As of June 30, 2013 | ||||||
Remaining Days to Maturity | Outstanding Borrowings | % | |||||
30 Days or Less | $ | 321,059 | 24.9 | % | |||
31 - 60 Days | 393,712 | 30.6 | % | ||||
61 - 90 Days | 393,240 | 30.5 | % | ||||
91 - 120 Days | 54,197 | 4.3 | % | ||||
121 - 150 Days | 26,316 | 2.0 | % | ||||
151 - 180 Days | 99,468 | 7.7 | % | ||||
$ | 1,287,992 | 100.0 | % |
Reverse repos involving underlying investments that we sold prior to June 30, 2013, for settlement following June 30, 2013, are shown using their original maturity dates even though such reverse repos may be expected to be terminated early upon settlement of the sale of the underlying investment. Not included are any reverse repos that we may have entered into prior to June 30, 2013 for which delivery of the borrowed funds is not scheduled until after June 30, 2013.
We expect to continue to borrow funds in the form of reverse repos as well as other similar types of financings. The terms of these borrowings under our master repurchase agreements generally conform to the terms in the standard master repurchase agreement as published by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association or, "SIFMA," as to repayment and margin requirements. In addition, each lender typically requires that we include supplemental terms and conditions to the standard master repurchase agreement. Typical supplemental terms and conditions include the addition of or changes to provisions relating to margin calls, net asset value requirements, cross default provisions, certain key person events, changes in corporate structure, and requirements that all controversies related to the repurchase agreement be litigated in a particular jurisdiction. These provisions may differ for each of our lenders. We also have entered into an "evergreen" repurchase agreement with one lender that provides for an original term of 180 days, and which is automatically extended every day for an additional day (so as to maintain a remaining term of 180 days) unless notified otherwise by the lender. The agreement is not based on the SIFMA form but its terms and conditions are similar to the terms and conditions of our other repurchase agreements including with respect to events of default and remedies upon default.
As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had $1.3 billion and $905.7 million, respectively of borrowings outstanding under our reverse repos. As of June 30, 2013, the remaining terms on our reverse repos ranged from 2 to 180 days, with an average remaining term of 62 days. As of December 31, 2012, the remaining terms on our reverse repos ranged from 10 to 180 days, with an average remaining term of 57 days. Our reverse repo borrowings were with a total of twelve counterparties as of June 30, 2013 and were with a total of ten counterparties as of December 31, 2012. As of June 30, 2013, we did not have an amount at risk under our reverse repos with any single counterparty that was greater than 10% of our equity. As of December 31, 2012, the amount at risk outstanding in connection with reverse repos with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. was $50.8 million or 10.03% of equity and the weighted average maturity of the reverse repos with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. was 180 days. Amount at risk represents the aggregate excess, if any, for each counterparty of the fair value of collateral held by such counterparty over the amounts outstanding under reverse repos. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, our reverse repos had a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.91% and 0.77%, respectively. As of June 30, 2013, our reverse repos had interest rates ranging from 0.34% to 2.44%. As of December 31, 2012, our reverse repos had interest rates ranging from 0.37% to 2.31%. MBS pledged as collateral under the reverse repos had an aggregate estimated fair value of $1.5 billion and $1.1 billion as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The interest rates of our reverse repos have historically moved in close relationship to short-term LIBOR rates, and in some cases are explicitly indexed to short-term LIBOR rates and reset accordingly. It is expected that amounts due upon maturity of our reverse repos will be funded primarily through the roll/re-initiation of reverse repos and, if we are unable or unwilling to roll/re-initiate our reverse repos, through free cash and proceeds
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from the sale of securities.
Although we typically finance most of our holdings of Agency RMBS, as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we held unencumbered Agency pools, on a settlement date basis, in the amount of $18.0 million and $28.4 million, respectively.
We held cash and cash equivalents of approximately $201.8 million and $59.1 million as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Towards the latter part of the second quarter of 2013, we decided to increase our cash holdings, both as a buffer against the increased market volatility and so as to be able to take advantage of potential investment opportunities.
We may declare dividends based on, among other things, our earnings, our financial condition, our working capital needs, and new opportunities. Dividends are declared and paid on a quarterly basis in arrears. The declaration of dividends to our shareholders and the amount of such dividends are at the discretion of our Board of Directors. During the six month period ended June 30, 2013, we paid total dividends in the amount of $52.0 million related to net income attributable to the three month periods ended March 31, 2013 as well as the year ended December 31, 2012. In August 2013, our Board of Directors approved a dividend related to the second quarter of 2013 in the amount of $0.77 per share, or approximately $20.0 million, payable on September 16, 2013 to shareholders of record as of August 30, 2013. During the six month period ended June 30, 2012, we paid total dividends in the amount of $18.5 million related to net income attributable to the three month periods ended March 31, 2012 and the year ended December 31, 2011.
The following tables set forth the dividend distributions authorized by the Board of Directors payable to shareholders and LTIP holders for the periods indicated below:
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2013
(In thousands except per share amounts) | Dividend Per Share | Dividend Amount | Record Date | Payment Date | ||||||
First Quarter | $0.77 | $ | 20,036 | May 31, 2013 | June 17, 2013 | |||||
Second Quarter | $0.77 | $ | 20,040 | * | August 30, 2013 | September 16, 2013 |
* Estimated
Six Month Period Ended June 30, 2012
(In thousands except per share amounts) | Dividend Per Share | Dividend Amount | Record Date | Payment Date | ||||||
First Quarter | $0.70 | $ | 11,787 | June 1, 2012 | June 15, 2012 | |||||
Second Quarter | $0.70 | $ | 14,244 | August 31, 2012 | September 17, 2012 |
For the six month period ended June 30, 2013, our operating activities used net cash in the amount of $317.4 million. Our reverse repo activity used to finance many of our investments (including repayments, in conjunction with the sales of investments, of amounts borrowed under our reverse repo agreements) provided net cash of $382.3 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. Our operating activities, when combined with our reverse repo financings, provided net cash of $64.9 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2013. In addition we received proceeds from the issuance of common shares of $125.3 million, net of offering costs, and contributions from a non-controlling interest member provided cash of $4.7 million. We used $52.0 million to pay dividends and $0.2 million for other non-operating activity-related uses. As a result there was an increase in our cash holdings of $142.7 million from $59.1 million as of December 31, 2012 to $201.8 million as of June 30, 2013.
For the six month period ended June 30, 2012, our operating activities provided net cash of $15.4 million. Our reverse repo activity used to finance many of our investments (including repayments, in conjunction with the sales of investments, of amounts borrowed under our reverse repo agreements) used net cash of $12.9 million. Proceeds from the issuance of securitized debt provided net cash of $1.5 million. Thus our operating activities, when combined with our reverse repo financing and securitized debt financings, provided net cash of $4.0 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2012. We used $18.5 million to pay dividends and $0.1 million for other non-operating activity-related uses, resulting in a decrease in our cash holdings of $14.6 million from $62.7 million as of December 31, 2011 to $48.1 million as of June 30, 2012.
Based on our current portfolio, amount of free cash on hand, debt-to-equity ratio and current and anticipated availability of credit, we believe that our capital resources will be sufficient to enable us to meet anticipated short-term and long-term liquidity requirements. However, the unexpected inability to finance our Agency RMBS portfolio would create a serious short-term strain on our liquidity and would require us to liquidate much of that portfolio, which in turn would require us to restructure our portfolio to maintain our exclusion from regulation as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Steep declines in the values of our RMBS assets financed using reverse repos, or in the values of our derivative contracts,
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would result in margin calls that would significantly reduce our free cash position. Furthermore, a substantial increase in prepayment rates on our assets financed by reverse repos could cause a temporary liquidity shortfall, because we are generally required to post margin on such assets in proportion to the amount of the announced principal paydowns before the actual receipt of the cash from such principal paydowns. If our cash resources are at any time insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may have to sell assets or issue debt or additional equity securities.
We are not required by our investment guidelines to maintain any specific debt-to-equity ratio, and we believe that the appropriate leverage for the particular assets we hold depends on the credit quality and risk of those assets, as well as the general availability and terms of stable and reliable financing for those assets.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
We are a party to a management agreement with our Manager. Pursuant to that agreement, our Manager is entitled to receive a base management fee, an incentive fee, reimbursement of certain expenses and, in certain circumstances, a termination fee. Such fees and expenses do not have fixed and determinable payments. For a description of the management agreement provisions, see Note 5 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
We enter into reverse repos with third-party broker-dealers whereby we sell securities to such broker-dealers at agreed-upon purchase prices at the initiation of the reverse repos and agree to repurchase such securities at predetermined repurchase prices and termination dates, thus providing the broker-dealers with an implied interest rate on the funds initially transferred to us by the broker-dealers. When we enter into a reverse repo, the lender establishes and maintains an account containing cash and securities having a value not less than the repurchase price, including accrued interest, of the reverse repo. We enter into repos with third-party broker-dealers whereby we purchase securities under agreements to resell at an agreed-upon price and date. In general, we most often enter into repo transactions in order to effectively borrow securities that we can then deliver to counterparties to whom we have made short sales of the same securities. The implied interest rates on the repos and reverse repos we enter into are based upon market rates at the time of initiation. Repos and reverse repos that are conducted with the same counterparty may be reported on a net basis if they meet the requirements of ASC 210-20, Balance Sheet, Offsetting. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for a summary of our borrowings on reverse repos.
As of June 30, 2013, we had an aggregate amount at risk under our reverse repos with eleven counterparties of approximately $250.3 million and as of December 31, 2012, we had an aggregate amount at risk under our reverse repos with ten counterparties of approximately $159.9 million. Amounts at risk represent the aggregate excess, if any, for each counterparty of the fair value of collateral held by such counterparty over the amounts outstanding under reverse repos. If the amounts outstanding under repos and reverse repos with a particular counterparty are greater than the collateral held by the counterparty, there is no amount at risk for the particular counterparty. Amount at risk as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 does not include approximately $1.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively, of net accrued interest, defined as accrued interest on securities held as collateral less interest payable on cash borrowed.
Our swap and futures contracts are governed by trading agreements, which are separately negotiated agreements with dealer counterparties. Changes in the relative value of the swap and futures transactions may require us or the counterparty to post or receive collateral. Typically, a collateral payment or receipt is triggered based on the net change in the value of all contracts governed by a particular trading agreement. Entering into swap and futures contracts involves market risk in excess of amounts recorded on our balance sheet.
As of June 30, 2013, we had an aggregate amount at risk under our derivative contracts with ten counterparties of approximately $18.8 million. As of December 31, 2012, we had an aggregate amount at risk under our derivatives contracts with eight counterparties of approximately $13.0 million. Amounts at risk under our derivatives contracts represent the aggregate excess, if any, for each counterparty of the fair value of our derivative contracts plus our collateral held directly by the counterparty less the counterparty’s collateral held by us. If a particular counterparty’s collateral held by us is greater than the aggregate fair value of the financial derivatives plus our collateral held directly by the counterparty, there is no amount at risk for the particular counterparty.
We are party to a tri-party collateral arrangement under one of our ISDA trading agreements whereby a third party holds collateral posted by us. Pursuant to the terms of the arrangement, the third party must follow certain pre-defined actions prior to the release of the collateral to the counterparty or to us. Due from Brokers on the Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Equity includes, at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, collateral posted by us and held by a third party custodian in the amount of approximately $6.4 million and $7.1 million, respectively.
We purchase and sell TBAs and Agency pass-through certificates on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. The delayed delivery for these securities means that these transactions are more prone to market fluctuations between the trade date and the ultimate settlement date, and thereby are more vulnerable, especially in the absence of margining arrangements with
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respect to these transactions, to increasing amounts at risk with the applicable counterparties.
As of June 30, 2013, in connection with our forward settling TBA and Agency pass-through certificates, we had an aggregate amount at risk with six counterparties of approximately $2.6 million. As of December 31, 2012, in connection with our forward settling TBA and Agency pass-through certificates, we had an aggregate amount at risk with eight counterparties of approximately $1.4 million. Amounts at risk in connection with our forward settling TBA and Agency pass-through certificates represent the aggregate excess, if any, for each counterparty of the net fair value of the forward settling securities plus our collateral held directly by the counterparty less the counterparty’s collateral held by us. If a particular counterparty’s collateral held by us is greater than the aggregate fair value of the forward settling securities plus our collateral held directly by the counterparty, there is no amount at risk for the particular counterparty.
As of June 30, 2013, in connection with our equity positions and margin held at a prime broker, we had an aggregate amount at risk with one counterparty of approximately $7.7 million. As of December 31, 2012 we did not have any equity positions.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Further, we have not guaranteed any obligations of unconsolidated entities nor do we have any commitment or intent to provide funding to any such entities. As such, we are not materially exposed to any market, credit, liquidity or financing risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships.
Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance far more so than does inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. Our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost and/or fair market value without considering inflation.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The primary components of our market risk at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are related to credit risk, prepayment risk and interest rate risk. We seek to actively manage these and other risks and to acquire and hold assets that we believe justify bearing those risks, and to maintain capital levels consistent with those risks.
Credit Risk
We are subject to credit risk in connection with many of our assets, especially non-Agency MBS. Credit losses on real estate loans can occur for many reasons, including, but not limited to, poor origination practices, fraud, faulty appraisals, documentation errors, poor underwriting, legal errors, poor servicing practices, weak economic conditions, decline in the value of homes, businesses or commercial properties, special hazards, earthquakes and other natural events, over-leveraging of the borrower on the property, reduction in market rents and occupancies and poor property management services, changes in legal protections for lenders, reduction in personal income, job loss, and personal events such as divorce or health problems. Property values are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors), local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing), changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments, construction quality, age and design, demographic factors and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. For mortgage-related instruments, the two primary components of credit risk are default risk and severity risk.
Default Risk
Default risk is the risk that borrowers will fail to make principal and interest payments on their mortgage loans. We may attempt to mitigate our default risk by, among other things, opportunistically entering into credit default swaps on individual RMBS or MBS indices, whereby we would receive payments upon the occurrence of a credit event on the underlying reference asset or assets. We also rely on third-party mortgage servicers to mitigate our default risk, but such third-party mortgage servicers may have little or no economic incentive to mitigate loan default rates.
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Severity Risk
Severity risk is the risk of loss upon a borrower default on a mortgage loan underlying our RMBS. Severity risk includes the risk of loss of value of the property underlying the mortgage loan as well as the risk of loss associated with taking over the property, including foreclosure costs. We rely on third-party mortgage servicers to mitigate our severity risk, but such third-party mortgage servicers may have little or no economic incentive to mitigate loan loss severities. Such mitigation efforts may include loan modification programs and prompt foreclosure and property liquidation following a default.
Much of the uncertainty as to the timing and magnitude of loan loss severities can be attributed to the uncertainty in foreclosure timelines. Because of the magnitude of the housing crisis, and in response to the well-publicized failures of many servicers to follow proper foreclosure procedures (such as involving "robo-signing"), mortgage servicers are being held to much higher foreclosure-related documentation standards than they previously were. However, because many mortgages have been transferred and assigned multiple times (and by means of varying assignment procedures) throughout the origination, warehouse and securitization processes, mortgage servicers are generally having much more difficulty furnishing the requisite documentation to initiate or complete foreclosures. This leads to stalled or suspended foreclosure proceedings and ultimately additional foreclosure-related costs. Foreclosure-related delays also tend to increase ultimate loan loss severities as a result of property deterioration, amplified legal and other costs, and other factors. The risk of extended foreclosure timelines is very difficult to quantify, and uncertainty has often been magnified by court cases with conflicting outcomes.
Prepayment Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk of change, whether an increase or a decrease, in the rate at which principal is returned in respect of mortgage loans underlying RMBS, including both through voluntary prepayments and through liquidations due to defaults and foreclosures. This rate of prepayment is affected by a variety of factors, including the prevailing level of interest rates as well as economic, demographic, tax, social, legal, and other factors. Changes in prepayment rates will have varying effects on the different types of securities in our portfolio, and we attempt to take these effects into account in making asset management decisions. Additionally, increases in prepayment rates may cause us to experience losses on our interest only securities and inverse interest only securities, as those securities are extremely sensitive to prepayment rates. In the current record low interest rate environment, one might typically expect record high prepayment rates; however, as mortgage originators have tightened their lending standards and have also made the refinancing process far more cumbersome, the current level of prepayments is not nearly what would otherwise be expected. Prepayment rates, besides being subject to interest rates and borrower behavior, are also substantially affected by government policy and regulation. For example, prepayment risk has been heightened by the Federal Reserve’s stated commitment to keep interest rates low in order to spur increased growth in the U.S. economy. The government sponsored HARP program, designed to encourage mortgage refinancings, has also become a factor in prepayment risk. While mortgage rates have recently increased, they remain very low as compared to historical levels, and as a result, prepayments continue to represent a meaningful risk, especially with respect to our Agency RMBS.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with most of our assets and liabilities. For some securities in our portfolio, the coupon interest rates on, and therefore also the values of, such securities are highly sensitive to interest rate movements, such as inverse floating rate RMBS, which benefit from falling interest rates, or certain deep discount floating rate RMBS, which benefit from rising interest rates. We selectively hedge our interest rate risk by entering into interest rate swaps, TBAs, U.S. Treasury securities, Eurodollar futures, U.S. Treasury futures, and other instruments. In general, such hedging instruments are used to offset the large majority of the interest rate risk we estimate to arise from our Agency RMBS positions. Hedging instruments may also be used to offset a portion of the interest rate risk arising from certain non-Agency MBS positions.
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The following sensitivity analysis table shows the estimated impact on the value of our portfolio segregated by certain identified categories as of June 30, 2013, assuming a static portfolio and immediate and parallel shifts in interest rates from current levels as indicated below.
(In thousands) | Estimated Change in value for a Decrease in Interest Rates by | Estimated Change in value for a Increase in Interest Rates by | ||||||||||||||
Category of Instruments | 50 Basis Points | 100 Basis Points | 50 Basis Points | 100 Basis Points | ||||||||||||
Agency RMBS | $ | 10,793 | $ | 20,617 | $ | (11,762 | ) | $ | (24,493 | ) | ||||||
Non-Agency RMBS, CMBS, Other ABS, and Commercial Mortgage Loans | 11,201 | 22,404 | (11,199 | ) | (22,397 | ) | ||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities, Interest Rate Swaps, and Futures | (17,538 | ) | (35,702 | ) | 16,911 | 33,196 | ||||||||||
Mortgage-Related Derivatives | (459 | ) | (647 | ) | 731 | 1,735 | ||||||||||
Repurchase Agreements and Reverse Repurchase Agreements | (778 | ) | (1,063 | ) | 883 | 1,766 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,219 | $ | 5,609 | $ | (4,436 | ) | $ | (10,193 | ) |
The preceding analysis does not show sensitivity to changes in interest rates for our derivatives on corporate securities (whether debt or equity-related), or other categories of instruments for which we believe that the effect of a change in interest rates is not material to the value of the overall portfolio and/or cannot be accurately estimated.
Our analysis of interest rate risk is derived from Ellington’s proprietary models as well as third party information and analytics. Many assumptions have been made in connection with the calculations set forth in the table above and, as such, there can be no assurance that assumed events will occur or that other events will not occur that would affect the outcomes. For example, for each hypothetical immediate shift in interest rates, assumptions have been made as to the response of mortgage prepayment rates, the shape of the yield curve, and market volatilities of interest rates; each of the foregoing factors can significantly and adversely affect the fair value of our interest rate-sensitive instruments.
The above analysis utilizes assumptions and estimates based on management’s judgment and experience, and relies on financial models, which are inherently imperfect; in fact, different models can produce different results for the same securities. While the table above reflects the estimated impacts of immediate parallel interest rate increases and decreases on specific categories of instruments in our portfolio, we actively trade many of the instruments in our portfolio, and therefore our current or future portfolios may have risks that differ significantly from those of our June 30, 2013 portfolio estimated above. Moreover, the impact of changing interest rates on fair value can change significantly when interest rates change by a greater amount than the hypothetical shifts assumed above. Furthermore, our portfolio is subject to many risks other than interest rate risks, and these additional risks may or may not be correlated with changes in interest rates. For all of the foregoing reasons and others, the table above is for illustrative purposes only and actual changes in interest rates would likely cause changes in the actual fair value of our portfolio that would differ from those presented above, and such differences might be significant and adverse. See "-Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 2013. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2013.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Neither we nor our Manager is currently subject to any legal proceedings that we or our Manager considers material. Nevertheless, we, our Manager and Ellington operate in highly regulated markets that currently are under intense regulatory scrutiny, and Ellington and its affiliates have received, and we expect in the future that they may receive, inquiries and requests for documents and information from various federal, state and foreign regulators. See "Risk Factors -We or Ellington or its affiliates may be subject to regulatory inquiries or proceedings" included in Part 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. Ellington has advised us that, at the present time, it is not aware that any material legal proceeding against Ellington and its affiliates is contemplated in connection with any such inquiries or requests. However, we believe that the continued scrutiny of CDO and mortgage market participants (including large CDO collateral managers such as Ellington) increases the risk of additional inquiries and requests from regulatory or enforcement agencies. Ellington and we cannot provide any assurance that these inquiries and requests will not result in further investigation of or the initiation of a proceeding against Ellington or its affiliates or that, if any such investigation or proceeding were to arise, it would not materially adversely affect our company.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For information regarding factors that could affect our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, see the risk factors discussed under "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. There have been no material changes from these previously disclosed risk factors. See also "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," included in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
On May 2, 2013, we issued 8,288 common shares to our Manager as part of its incentive fee pursuant to our management agreement with our Manager. This issuance was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act based on the exemption provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
On August 1, 2013, we issued 5,144 common shares to our Manager as part of its incentive fee pursuant to our management agreement with our Manager. This issuance was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act based on the exemption provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit | Description | |
3.1 | Second Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Ellington Financial LLC (incorporated by reference to the registration statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-160562), filed on July 14, 2009, as amended). | |
3.2 | First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Ellington Financial LLC (incorporated by reference to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2011). | |
10.1 | Underwriting Agreement, dated as of May 8, 2013, by and among Ellington Financial LLC, Ellington Financial Management LLC, on the one hand, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and UBS Securities LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein, on the other hand (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2013). | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
101** | The following financial information from Ellington Financial LLC’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter and six month periods ended June 30, 2013, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Equity, (ii) Consolidated Statement of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
* | Furnished herewith. These certifications are not deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
** | Users of this data are advised pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T that this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC. | ||||
Date: | August 9, 2013 | By: | /s/ LAURENCE PENN | |
Laurence Penn Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||
ELLINGTON FINANCIAL LLC. | ||||
Date: | August 9, 2013 | By: | /s/ LISA MUMFORD | |
Lisa Mumford Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | Description | |
3.1 | Second Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Ellington Financial LLC (incorporated by reference to the registration statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-160562), filed on July 14, 2009, as amended). | |
3.2 | First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of Ellington Financial LLC (incorporated by reference to the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2011). | |
10.1 | Underwriting Agreement, dated as of May 8, 2013, by and among Ellington Financial LLC, Ellington Financial Management LLC, on the one hand, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and UBS Securities LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein, on the other hand (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the current report on Form 8-K filed on May 13, 2013). | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 | |
101** | The following financial information from Ellington Financial LLC’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended and six month periods ended June 30, 2013, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Equity, (ii) Consolidated Statement of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
* | Furnished herewith. These certifications are not deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
** | Users of this data are advised pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T that this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections. |
75