ENERGY FOCUS, INC/DE - Annual Report: 2007 (Form 10-K)
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
10-K
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ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF
1934
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For
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
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TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF
1934
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For
the transition period from
to
Commission
file number 0-24230
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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DELAWARE
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94-3021850
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(State
of incorporation)
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(I.R.S.
Employer Identification No.)
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32000
Aurora Road
Solon,
Ohio 44139
(Address
of principal executive officers, including zip code)
Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code: 440.715.1300
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
Title
of Each Class
Common
Stock, Par Value $0.0001
Series
A Participating Preferred Stock Purchase Rights
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined
by
Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. Yes o
No
þ
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes o
No
þ
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to
be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ
No
o
Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to
this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.
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Large
accelerated filer o
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Accelerated
filer þ
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Non-accelerated
filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller
reporting company o
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Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes
o
No
þ
Aggregate
market value (on basis of closing bid
price)
of voting stock held by nonaffiliates as of June 29,
2007:
$72,640,030
Number
of
the registrant’s shares
of
common stock outstanding
as of February 29,
2008:
11,645,719
Documents
Incorporated by Reference
Portions
of the proxy statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission are incorporated by reference into
Part III of this report.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
PART
1
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Page
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Item
1.
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Business
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3
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Item
1A.
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Risk
Factors
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9
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Item
1B.
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Unresolved
Staff Comment Letters
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10
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Item
2.
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Properties
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10
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Item
3.
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Legal
Proceedings
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10
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Item
4.
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Submission
of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
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10
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PART
II
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Item
5.
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Market
for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matter and Issuer
Purchase of Equity Securities
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12
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Item
6.
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Selected
Financial Data
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13
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Item
7.
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Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operation
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14
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Item
8.
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Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data
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23
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Item
9.
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Changes
in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosures
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46
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Item
9A.
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Control
and Procedures
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46
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Item
9B.
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Other
Information
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48
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PART
III
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Item
10.
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Directors,
Executive Officers, Promoters and Control Persons of the
Registrant
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49
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Item
11.
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Executive
Compensation
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49
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Item
12.
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Security
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
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49
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Item
13.
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Certain
Relationship and Related Transactions
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49
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Item
14.
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Principal
Accounting Fees and Services
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49
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PART
IV
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Item
15.
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Exhibits
and Financial Schedule
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50
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Exhibit
Index
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51
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Signatures
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54
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2
·
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Overview
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We
operate within a single industry segment. Our company is engaged in the
manufacture, marketing and installation of lighting systems where it serves
two principal markets; commercial/industrial lighting and pool lighting. Our
business strategy revolves around our patented and proprietary technology called
“EFO,” which first was introduced in 2004 and since then has been well accepted
by the market. The EFO technology is an energy-efficient alternative to MR-16
halogen lamps and fluorescent lights used for lighting in retail and commercial
settings. The cost savings are in the range of 80% in electricity; in addition,
the EFO lighting provides full-spectrum light closely simulating daylight
colors.
Our
proprietary, large-diameter fiber cables used in EFO technology are designed
to
emit light either at the end of the fiber as a point of light or along the
length of the fiber. This feature has been well regarded by architectural and
design firms and has resulted in the winning of several design awards in 2007.
The fiber cables have been fashioned into unique hanging pendant lights or
purely decorative products of myriad shapes, providing an opportunity to
beautify interior space in a distinctive way. These lights have no glare,
voltage, or heat, and they are very aesthetically pleasing. In May 2007, our
company was named by an Ohio-based magazine as of one of the three top companies
for “new product development and innovation” and received the Manny Award for
manufacturing excellence. Additionally, our EFO lights emit neither ultraviolet
rays nor infrared rays and therefore have numerous application possibilities
in
art museums, art galleries, and upscale homes where protection of objects of
art
is an important goal.
Our
long-term strategy is to further penetrate the lighting market, which is
estimated to be over $100 billion in size. We believe that the available EFO
market is over $5 billion, and our goal is to transform Energy Focus into a
profitable company with increased sales and well-established marketing channels
both at home and abroad. Our greatest opportunity continues to be in the
commercial and industrial segment. The passage of the Energy Independence and
Security Act of 2007 by President Bush created a natural market for our
energy-efficient products. Under this act, all incandescent light bulbs must
use
25% to 30% less energy than today’s products by the years 2012 - 2014. Since
many of our EFO products already are 80% more efficient than incandescent bulbs,
our focus is to increase the public’s knowledge of our technology and to
establish comprehensive distribution channels so that demand can be fulfilled
quickly.
We
will
continue to focus on market niches where the benefits of our technology are
most
compelling. These market niches include retailers, department stores,
supermarkets, marine applications, and museums. A Lighting Academy is in the
final phase of construction in Solon, Ohio, and is expected to be completed
during the first quarter of 2008. At the Academy, lighting specialists,
designers, and installers will attend
courses
on EFO technology and witness the technology in a variety of application
settings, which will further help cement our relationship with our niche
markets.
·
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Products
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We
produce and market a wide variety of fiber optic lighting systems in two general
markets: (1) commercial lighting and (2) pool lighting. We are making
in-roads in the government and military lighting area as well. Our products
generally fall into two broad categories—fiber optic systems and LED lighting
systems—and all of our fiber optic lighting systems are comprised of three
components: illuminators, fiber cables, and fixtures. In addition, we also
produce customized components such as underwater lenses, color-changing electric
pool lights, landscape lighting fixtures, and a line of lighted water features,
including waterfalls and laminar-flow water fountains.
The
key
features of our products are as follows:
·
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Many
of our products meet the lighting efficiency standards mandated for
the
year 2020.
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Our
products qualify for tax incentives for commercial and residential
consumers in certain states.
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Our
products make use of proprietary optical systems that enable high
efficiencies.
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Certain
utility companies have embraced our technology as an energy-efficient
alternative and are promoting our EFO products to their
customers.
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Our
products are presently in use in U.S. Navy ships. Installation was
completed in 2007 on one ship, and two others were completed in 2006.
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·
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The
heat source of the lighting fixtures usually is physically separated
from
the lamps, providing a “cool” light. This unique feature has special
application in grocery stores, where reduction of food spoilage and
melting due to heat is an important goal. In 2007, Southern California
Edison confirmed that our patented product “EFO-Ice” used only 25% of the
energy of comparable fluorescent lighting systems and 33% of the
energy of
comparable LED systems.
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Our
products have been featured in magazines and trade journals, including
LD+A, Architectural Lighting, Architectural Record, Display and Design
Ideas, and Visual Merchandising and Store Design.
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3
Key
Features of Our EFO Technology
Components
of EFO Technology:
Illuminator.Most
of
our commercial EFO illuminators deploy our specially designed metal halide
HID
lamps. These lamps provide long life and maximum brightness. Our EFO technology
efficiently can separate the light from a single metal halide lamp into multiple
lower light levels appropriate for a wide variety of applications.
Fiber
Cables. Our
patented, large-core fiber have outstanding clarity and consistency with low
attenuation for fiber optic lighting applications. By combining our compound
parabolic collector, or CPC, technology with our large-core fibers, our system
delivers light ranging from 35 to 70 lumens per watt, compared to approximately
eight to 15 lumens per watt for a system using traditional MR-16 halogen
lamps.
Fixtures.
We
produce a broad assortment of aesthetic fixtures that allow the customer to
easily adjust the direction and beam spread of the light for optimal light
concentration.
Key
Benefits of Our EFO System
Energy
Efficiency. Our
EFO
system can provide our customers with accent lighting that also satisfies
government and other regulatory regulations for energy-efficient lighting.
EFO
technology enables customers to comply with ASHRAE-IESNA Standard 90.1 and
Title
24, qualify for the tax incentives available under the Energy Policy Act of
2005, and meet LEED certification requirements without sacrificing intensity
and
light quality. The following table highlights the electrical savings of one
watt
EFO accent light compared to competing lighting technologies:
Light Source
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Number
equivalent
in 70-Watt
EFO
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Total Watts
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Estimated Energy
Savings
%
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70W
EFO HID accent light
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1
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70W
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—
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26W
compact fluorescent down light
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4
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104W
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33
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%
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25W
ceramic metal halide accent light
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5
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125W
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44
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%
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50W
MR-16 halogen accent light
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8
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400W
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83
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%
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60W
incandescent down light
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7
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420W
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83
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%
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The
EFO
technology delivers over 80% energy savings versus halogen or other incandescent
lighting systems commonly used in similar applications. For example, Cinemark
Theaters (a nationwide movie theater chain) reduced its energy consumption
from
5,140 watts to 1,120 watts by installing our EFO systems in selected
facilities.
Color.
Today,
our EFO system is available in a range of color temperatures and renderings
consistent with the lighting industry, which includes color temperatures of
warm
white (3,000k), neutral white (3,500k), cool white (4,100k), and daylight
(5,500k). Both 70+ CRI and an 80+ CRI option is available. CRI is a measure
of
the degree of color shift that objects undergo when illuminated by the light
source as compared with those objects when illuminated by a reference source
of
comparable correlated color temperature. The maximum CRI is 100. The warm white
lamps have a color temperature that is suitable for interior space, while the
daylight color temperature matches the color temperature of the light entering
spaces through windows. Because we control the design of the lamp, reflector,
and fixture, we can tune the system to deliver a balanced, full-spectrum white
light.
Elimination
of Virtually all Heat Radiation. Our
EFO
system is designed to prevent the infrared and ultraviolet radiation emitted
by
the lamp from being funneled through the fiber. As a result, the light output
emits virtually no infrared or ultraviolet light, which produce heat when
absorbed by the target, and the only heat generated is from light output itself,
which is negligible. In contrast, halogen lamps produce approximately nine
watts
of heat energy for every one watt of light.
Cost
Savings. Our
EFO
system significantly is able to reduce maintenance and replacement costs that
normally are attributed to traditional lighting systems. Our EFO systems contain
lamps with a long life cycle and need fewer lamps to light a given area. For
example, a customer would have to replace 20-40 MR-16 halogen lamps for every
one EFO lamp annually, based on average retail usage. In addition, because
the
EFO lamp is physically separated from the light fixture, when used in
applications such as freezer cases, the quality of light and the life of the
EFO
lamp are not affected by the freezing temperature. The EFO lamp does not radiate
heat in the freezer and the freezer does not need to be emptied to change the
lamp, as is the case with fluorescent lamps.
Our
objective is to become the leading provider of energy-efficient lighting
systems. To achieve this objective, we intend to pursue the following
strategies:
· |
Capitalize
on the growing need for low-cost, energy-efficient lighting systems.
We
intend to continue to devote significant resources to our product
development efforts to maximize the energy efficiency and quality
of our
lighting systems while reducing costs and enabling our customers
to meet
more stringent government regulations. Further, we plan to continue
to
develop new proprietary technologies and integrate new and potentially
more efficient lighting sources into our lighting
systems.
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· |
Focus
on increased market penetration where the benefits of our technology
are
most compelling. We
intend to broaden the penetration of our products within retail and
supermarket operators, who share similar needs for highly efficient,
flexible accent lighting solutions. To reach our target markets,
we also
intend to focus our direct sales force of experienced lighting salespeople
on selected markets and niches.
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4
· |
Develop
and expand strategic relationships. To
expedite the awareness of our EFO technology, we actively are pursuing
strategic relationships with distributors, lighting designers, and
contractors who distribute, recommend, and/or install lighting systems.
We
also are cultivating relationships with fixture manufacturers and
other
participants in the general lighting market. For example, we have
entered
into two strategic distribution relationships with TCP, Inc. and
Eco
Engineering to further enhance our penetration into certain broad-based
lighting markets. Additionally, we are in the final stages of completing
the Lighting Academy in Solon, Ohio, where lighting specialists,
designers
and installers will be able to attend courses on EFO lighting technology
and installation as well as view our energy-efficient technology
in a
variety of applications and
settings.
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Sales,
Marketing, and Distribution of our Products
Our
products are sold through a combination of a direct sales force paid on
commission, independent sales representatives, and various distributors in
different geographic markets throughout the world. Our distributors’ obligation
to us is not contingent upon the resale of our product and as such does not
prohibit revenue recognition. We have been successful in hiring
experienced salespeople from leading firms in the industry. As of
December 31, 2007, we had approximately 140 sales and independent sales
representatives throughout the United States and Europe. In 2007, the position
of vice president of sales and marketing (pool products) was filled by Steve
Gasperson, an individual with eight years of experience with the company. He
is
a marketing expert with over twenty years of relevant experience, and in his
new
role, he will be overseeing the ongoing expansion of pool lighting
products.
Within
the commercial lighting business unit, we are focusing our efforts on large
retailers, and our recent successes include the “W” Hotels, Wal-Mart (Mexico),
Bath and Body Works, and significant expansions into Albertson’s Food Retailers
and Whole Foods. Our typical sales process includes a testing phase, which
starts with a demonstration of our products to key executives, followed by
a
prototype installation in one store and then to multiple stores. Finally, we
install in all of the stores within the same chain.
Our
ten
largest customers accounted for 28% of our net sales. In 2007, there was no
single customer who accounted for more than 10% of net sales.
We
produce our lighting systems through a combination of internal and outsourced
manufacturing and assembly. Our internal lighting system manufacturing consists
primarily of fiber processing, final assembly, testing, and quality control.
We
use independent contractors to manufacture some components and sub-assemblies
and have worked with a number of our vendors to design custom components to
meet
our specific needs. We manage inventories of domestically produced component
parts on a just-in-time basis when practicable. Our quality assurance program
provides for testing of all sub-assemblies at key stages in the assembly process
as well as testing of finished products.
Some
of
our products are manufactured off shore, resulting in cost savings. Under a
Production Share Agreement initiated in 2003 and renewed in August 2007, we
conduct contract assembly in Mexico through North American Production Sharing
Inc. and Industrias Unidas de BC, SA de CV, or North American. Under this
agreement, North American provides administrative and manufacturing services,
including labor services and the use of manufacturing facilities in Mexico,
for
the manufacturing and assembly of certain fiber optic systems and related
equipment and components. Since 2004, we have been assembling products from
ECDS, located in Cochin, India. These products are received on a purchase order
basis, primarily by ocean shipment, and, in some cases, by air
freight.
We
manufacture our large core fiber products in our Solon, Ohio,
facility,
using
either an extrusion process or a cast process.
Mitsubishi
currently is the exclusive supplier of our small-diameter stranded fiber. In
sales volume, our products that incorporate small-diameter stranded fiber
historically have been the single largest fiber product that we sell and
represent significant sales volume. We expect to maintain our relationship
with
Mitsubishi for the supply of small-diameter fiber.
Advanced
Lighting Technologies, Inc. (ADLT), a leading supplier of metal halide light
sources, has a collaborative relationship with Energy Focus. We rely on ADLT
for
furnishing of our lamps, reflectors, and power supplies. In April 2006, we
entered into several new agreements with ADLT regarding mutual development
collaboration for the continued improvement in our lamp technology and for
support of our coating technologies. These agreements also provided for the
purchase of certain coating equipment, the provision to us of certain other
services, the continued supply to us of products manufactured by ADLT, and
a
cross-license of certain intellectual property.
Research
and development has been a key focus of our company; accordingly, we have
committed substantial resources to it. Our R&D team, located in Ohio, is
dedicated to continuous improvement and innovation of EFO systems. We also
have
engineers based in California, focused on development of pool products.
We
purchased the base technology of the EFO system in 2000 from Unison Fiber Optic
Lighting Systems, LLC. Subsequently, we won government awards and contracts
and
now have proprietary and commercial rights on the technology developed from
those government contracts.
Research
and development expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005
were $2,907,000, $2,341,000, and $2,190,000, respectively, net of credits from
the government.
5
Our
recent achievements include:
2007:
In
August
2007, the VHESC Consortium (Very-High-Efficiency Solar Cells) reported a world
record of 42.9% conversion efficiency on photovoltaic devices (PV). Energy
Focus
is a member of this consortium, and these solar cells make use of our
proprietary optics technology. In November, we were awarded a $1-million
contract with Dupont to develop advanced solar cell technologies. Additionally,
we were awarded additional Phase II contracts for two Defense Advance Research
Project Agency (DARPA) Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) projects to
research lamp coating technologies and an extruded, large-core fiber processing
method. The two DOE Phase II contracts are for a total of $1,500,000. Lastly,
we
were awarded the prestigious DARPA Tech Award for Excellence in recognition
of
our outstanding achievement for bridging the technology gap between inefficient
traditional light sources and advanced high-efficiency light
systems.
2006:
We
entered into a DARPA agreement with the Navy for supplying our lighting on
three
ships. Revenues from these ship installations totaled $1,979,000.
2005:
We
won a
Phase II SBIR Award from the Department of Energy for an additional $1,500,000.
These additional awards were for the continuation of work originally won in
2004, incorporating additional R&D work on an instant version of EFO, and
developing a fast cure for the fiber production process.
In
October, we also won initial SBIR funding from the Department of Defense under
DARPA totaling $200,000 to further explore improvements to lamp coatings and
to
further research materials and processing techniques for the company’s
continuously extruded large-core fiber processing method.
In
September, we entered into a third-party agreement with ADLT, where ADLT would
provide consulting and other R&D services. This step augmented our internal
research department efforts with several collaborations with suppliers and
other
third parties.
2004:
In
June,
we won two Phase I SBIR Awards from the Department of Energy. One
award
was for work on an instant version of EFO, and the other was to develop a fast
cure for the fiber production process. These
awards were for an initial amount of $200,000 to cover two years of the project
completion phase.
Also
in
June, we received $1,000,000 in funding from DARPA. This project had certain
milestones that had to be achieved within a given timeframe for developing
an
LED version of the HED lighting for the EFO system. We achieved both milestones
and received the full $1,000,000 at the end of 2005.
Intellectual
Property
We
believe that the success of our business depends primarily on our technical
innovations, marketing abilities, and responsiveness to customer requirements,
rather than on patents, trade secrets, trademarks, copyrights, and other
intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, we have a policy of seeking to
protect our intellectual property through patents, license agreements, trademark
registrations, confidential disclosure agreements, and trade secrets. As of
December 31,2007, our intellectual property portfolio consisted of 51 issued
United States and foreign patents, various pending United States patent
applications, and various pending Patent Cooperation Treaty, or PCT, patent
applications filed with the World Intellectual Property Organization that serve
as the basis of national patent filings in countries of interest. A total
of 28 applications are pending. As of March 11, 2008, our intellectual
property portfolio consisted of 58 issued United States and foreign patents,
various pending United States patent applications, and various pending Patent
Cooperation Treaty, or PCT, patent applications filed with the World
Intellectual Property Organization that serve as the basis of national patent
filings in countries of interest. A total of 51 applications are pending.
Our issued patents expire at various times between August 2008 and June
2025. Generally, the term of patent protection is 20 years from the
earliest effective filing date of the patent application. There can be no
assurance, however, that our issued patents are valid or that any patents
applied for will be issued. There can be no assurance that our competitors
or
customers will not copy aspects of our fiber optic lighting systems or obtain
information that we regard as proprietary. There also can be no assurance that
others will not independently develop products similar to ours. The laws of
some
foreign countries in which we sell or may sell our products do not protect
proprietary rights to products to the same extent as do the laws of the United
States.
We
are
aware that a large number of patents and pending patent applications exist
in
the field of fiber optic technology and LED lighting. We are also aware that
certain competitors hold and have applied for patents related to fiber optic
lighting and LED lighting. Although, to date, we have not been involved in
litigation challenging our intellectual property rights, we have in the past
received communications from third parties asserting rights over our patents
or
that our technology infringes intellectual property held by such third parties.
Based on information currently available to us, we do not believe that any
such
claims involving our technology or patents are meritorious. However, we may
be
required to engage in litigation to protect our patent rights or to defend
against the claims of others. There can be no assurance that third parties
will
not assert claims that our products infringe third-party patents or other
intellectual property rights or that, in case of a dispute, licenses to such
technology will be available, if at all, on reasonable terms. In addition,
we
may need to take legal action to enforce our intellectual property rights in
the
future. In the event of litigation to determine the validity of any third-party
claims or claims by us against third parties, such litigation, whether or not
determined in our favor could result in significant expense to us and divert
the
efforts of our technical and management personnel from productive tasks. Also,
in the event of an adverse ruling in such litigation, we might be required
to
expend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology or to obtain
licenses to the infringing technology, and the licenses may not be available
on
acceptable terms. In the event of a successful claim against us and our failure
to develop or license a substitute technology, our operating results could
be
adversely affected.
Backlog
We
typically ship standard products within a few days after receipt of order.
Custom products are shipped within 30-60 days of receipt of order. Generally,
there is not a significant backlog of orders except at year-end. Our backlog
at
the end of 2007 was $983,000, compared to $1,143,000 at the end of
2006.
6
Competition
Our
products compete with conventional electric lighting systems and with a variety
of lighting products, including conventional light sources such as incandescent
light bulbs as well as metal halide lamps, LEDs, compact fluorescent
lamps,
and
decorative neon lighting. Our EFO systems compete with conventional electrical
lighting systems, other fiber optic lighting systems, and alternative
energy-efficient
lighting products such as compact fluorescent lighting. Our traditional
commercial lighting products compete with other lighting products primarily
in
the areas of down lighting, accent lighting,
and
signage lighting. Our pool lighting products compete with other sources of
pool
lighting in the areas of in-pool lighting, including colored and
color-changing
underwater lighting, and pool accent lighting. Principal competitive factors
include price, performance, ease of installation,
and
maintenance requirements.
Our
EFO
systems compete with conventional electrical lighting technologies and with
other sources of accent and down lighting such as ceramic metal halide,
halogen,
and
incandescent bulbs. Our EFO systems compete with traditional electrical lighting
systems and other fiber optic systems in markets where energy efficiency, ease
of installation,
and
lower maintenance costs are principal competitive factors. Our EFO systems
also
compete with manufacturers of lamps and fixtures who may sell their products
to
end-users as a system or as individual components.
We
expect
that our ability to compete effectively with conventional lighting technologies,
other fiber optic lighting products and new lighting technologies that may
emerge will depend substantially upon achieving greater performance and reducing
the cost of our EFO systems. Principal competitors in the EFO market include
large lamp manufacturers and lighting fixture companies whose financial
resources substantially exceed ours. These conventional lighting companies
may
introduce new or improved products that may reduce or eliminate some of the
competitive advantages of our products. We anticipate that
the
primary competition to our EFO systems will come from new technologies
that
offer
increased energy efficiency, lower maintenance costs and/or lower heat
radiation. In certain applications we compete with LED systems produced by
large
lighting companies such as Phillips and General Electric.
In
traditional commercial lighting, we compete primarily with local and regional
lighting manufacturers that, in many cases, are more established in their local
markets than we are. In traditional commercial lighting, fiber optic lighting
products are offered by a number of smaller companies, some of which compete
aggressively on price. Some of these competitors offer products with performance
characteristics similar to those
of
our
products. Additionally, some conventional lighting companies now manufacture
or
license fiber optic lighting systems that compete with our products. Schott,
a
German glass fiber company, markets fiber optic systems in the United States.
Many companies compete with us in Asia, including Phillips,
Mitsubishi, Bridgestone,
and
Toray. Mitsubishi also sells our BritePak fiber cables in Japan. In addition,
we
compete with Toray in the stranded,
small-diameter
optical fiber in the special effects lighting market.
In
the
pool market, we face competition from suppliers and distributors who bundle
lighting and non-lighting products and sell these packages to pool builders
and
installers. In addition, we face competition directly from manufacturers who
produce their own lighting systems and components. For example, in the pool
market, competitive products are offered by Pentair’s American Products
Division, a major manufacturer of pool equipment and supplies, as well as Super
Vision International. In the spa business, spa manufacturers install LED
lighting systems during the manufacturing process. We intend to develop new
fiber optic lighting products that are complementary to traditional pool lights
currently sold by pool equipment suppliers. To maximize the sales of these
new
products, we plan to leverage our well-established presence in the pool lighting
market.
Employees
As
of
December 31, 2007, we had 102 full-time employees, 19 of whom are located
in the United Kingdom, 12 in Germany, and 71 in the U.S.A. We have 26 employees
dedicated to developing technology, research, and product development. We also
have 20 people involved with sales and sales support.
No
employees are subject to any collective bargaining agreement, and we believe
our
employee relations to be good.
Business
Segment
The
company operates in a single industry segment where it serves two principal
markets; commercial/industrial lighting and pool lighting. It markets its
products for worldwide distribution primarily through independent sales
representatives and distributors in North America, Europe, and the Far
East.
Available
Information
Our
Web
site is http://www.energyfocusinc.com.
We make
available free of charge, on or through our Web site, our annual, quarterly,
and
current reports, as well as any amendments to those reports, as soon as
reasonably practicable after electronically filing such reports with the SEC.
Information contained on our Web site is not part of this report.
7
When
used
in this report, the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “plans,”
“intends,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking
statements. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements as
to
our competitive position; future operating results; net sales growth; expected
operating expenses and capital expenditures; gross product margin improvement;
sources of revenues; anticipated credits from government contracts; product
development and enhancements; liquidity and cash reserves; our reliance upon
a
limited number of customers; our accounting policies; the effect of recent
accounting announcements; the development and marketing of new products;
relationships with customers and distributors; relationships with, dependence
upon, and the ability to obtain components from suppliers; as well as our
remarks concerning our ability to compete in the fiber optic lighting market;
the evolution and future size of the fiber optic lighting market; seasonal
fluctuations; plans for and expected benefits of outsourcing and offshore
manufacturing; trends in the price and performance of fiber optic lighting
products; the benefits and performance of our lighting products; the adequacy
of
our current facilities; our strategy with regard to protecting our proprietary
technology; our ability to retain qualified employees; and the risks set forth
below under Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” These forward-looking statements speak only
as of the date hereof. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking
to
release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements
contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto
or any change in events, conditions, or circumstances on which any such
statement is based.
Fiberstars®,
BritePak®, OptiCore™, Lightly Expressed®, Jazz Light™, FX Light™, FX Spa Light™,
Fiberstars EFO®, and E-enlightened Innovations ™, are our registered trademarks.
We also refer to trademarks of other corporations and organizations in this
document.
All
references to “Energy Focus,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or “the company” means Energy
Focus, Inc. and its subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the
term means only the parent company.
8
Item
1A. Risk Factors
Global
Economic Risk:
The
company
may be adversely impacted by weakness in general economic conditions including
the onset of recession
and increase in inflation. General recession may contribute towards our
inability to increase sales, whereas inflation may cause the cost of material
and labor to go up. Specifically, the downturn in housing construction may
adversely affect the sale of pool products, whereas the consumer credit crunch
may cause retail sales to decrease, thereby halting further construction of
retail outlets—our primary commercial market.
We
have
significant international activities and customers and plan to continue these
efforts. This subjects us to additional business risks, including logistical
complexity, political instability, and the general economic conditions in those
markets. Because the market for our products tends to be highly dependent upon
general economic conditions, a decline in general economic condition likely
would harm our operating results.
Risks
we
face in conducting business internationally include the following:
· |
multiple,
conflicting, and changing laws and regulations, export and import
restrictions, employment laws, regulatory requirements, and other
government approvals, permits, and
licenses;
|
· |
difficulties
and costs in staffing and managing foreign operations such as our
offices
in Germany and the United Kingdom;
|
· |
difficulties
and costs in recruiting and retaining individuals skilled in international
business operations;
|
· |
increased
costs associated with maintaining international marketing
efforts;
|
· |
potentially
adverse tax consequences; political and economic instability, including
wars, acts of terrorism, political unrest, boycotts, curtailments
of
trade, and other business restrictions;
and
|
· |
currency
fluctuations.
|
In
addition, we face additional risks in the Asia/Pacific region associated with
disease, increased political tensions between countries
in that region,
potentially reduced protection for intellectual property rights,
government-fixed foreign exchange rates, relatively
uncertain legal products, and developing telecommunications infrastructures.
In
addition, some countries in this region, such
as
China, have adopted laws, regulations, and policies that impose additional
restrictions on the ability of foreign companies to conduct business in that
country or otherwise place them at a competitive disadvantage in relation to
domestic companies.
Liquidity
Risk:
The
company has incurred net losses in each of the past five years. The $11,300,000
loss in 2007 has been the largest loss in the company’s history. Throughout
those years, the company has relied upon its cash reserves and current assets,
provided by equity financing, along with bank credit to furnish funds for
operations and development and make up for the absence of positive cash flow.
In
2007, management instituted several measures to reverse the trend of losses,
including determined expense reduction and the hiring of a new chief financial
officer, as well as the development and implementation of a strategic sales,
marketing, and long-term growth strategy. Management is concerned, however,
that
despite continuing efforts to increase income and manage expenses, the company
may not have sufficient cash and liquid assets to remain in business throughout
2008 without obtaining additional external financing. Therefore, management
intends to pursue the raising of additional financing in 2008. On March 14,
2008, the company raised approximately $9,500,000 in equity financing, net
of
expenses, in a private placement of shares of common stock and warrants to
existing shareholders. This additional financing will be used to fund working
capital, pay debt and perform additional research and development. The
company received the funds on March 17, 2008. Management believes that
this additional financing, when combined with current cash reserves and current
assets, will be sufficient to fund on-going operations for the next 12
months.
Competitive
Risk:
Competition continues to increase in the commercial decorative, accent, and
pool
lighting markets, as well as in the energy-efficient lighting markets. A number
of companies
offer directly competitive products, including color halogen lighting for
swimming pools and incandescent and fluorescent
lighting
for commercial decorative and accent lighting. We also compete with LED products
in water lighting and other lighted signs. In addition, many of our competitors
in the pool market bundle their lighting products with other pool- related
products, which many customers find to be an attractive alternative. Our
competitors include large and well-established companies such as General
Electric, Sylvania, Philips, Schott, 3M, Bridgestone, Pentair, Mitsubishi,
and
OSRAM/Siemens.
Furthermore,
many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical, and
marketing resources than we do. We may not be able to adequately respond to
technological developments or fluctuations in competitive pricing. We anticipate
that any future growth in energy-efficient lighting will be accompanied by
continuing increases in competition, which could adversely affect our operating
results if we cannot compete effectively. To stay competitive, we must continue
to allocate sufficient resources to research and development, which could
negatively impact our gross margins. If we are unable to provide more efficient
lighting technology than our competitors do, our operating results will be
adversely affected.
Technological
Risk:
The EFO
system offers a new full-spectrum lamp for use in retail stores. However, since
the technology used is fairly untested we may need to incorporate certain design
changes before it becomes widely applicable. Also, a substantial portion of
our
R&D resources have been devoted to the development of EFO technologies. If
future revenue generation is not ramped up, we may not be able to off-set the
cost involved in developing these technologies.
In
the
past, we have experienced design defects and product failure. Our EFO systems
experienced defects related to the power supply in the illuminator, and our
pool products experienced defects with our circuit sequencing color wheel.
We
cannot guarantee that we will not experience defects or compatibility issues
in
components or products in the future. Errors or defects in our products also
could result in product liability claims. We estimate warranty and other returns
and accrue reserves for such costs at the time of sale. Any estimates, reserves,
or accruals may be insufficient to cover sharp increases in product returns,
and
such returns may harm our operating results.
Supplier
Risk:
The
company currently buys all of its small diameter stranded fiber, the main
component of its product, from one supplier. The company also relies on a sole
supplier for certain lamps, reflectors, remote control devices, and power
supplies. In the event of disruption in the supply chain, the company may incur
losses due to delay or cancellation of orders.
9
Facility
Risk:
The
large-core fiber manufacturing unit is housed in a single facility in Solon,
Ohio. Moreover, only one machine is able to produce the patented fiber optics
used in a majority of EFO products. In the event of physical damage or any
other
event leading to the temporary shut down of the unit, we may not be able to
meet
our pending production schedule. This, is turn, may adversely affect our revenue
generation process, thereby negatively impacting net income.
Third-Party
Risk:
Three
strategic pieces of equipment are operated by third parties. Failure to properly
maintain the equipment and/or the creation of any delays or inabilities to
meet
our production requirements on the part of any of these suppliers will result
in
disruption of promised delivery to our clients.
Credit
Risk:
The
company sells its products primarily through distributors and contractors in
North America, Europe, and the Far East. While the company performs periodic
credit evaluations of its customers, it generally does not require collateral.
The company therefore faces credit risk in the event that its customers are
unable to pay. The company maintains an allowance for potential credit loss
as a
buffer against this risk.
Intellectual
Property Risk:
As of
December 31, 2007, our intellectual property portfolio consisted of 51 issued
United States and foreign patents, various pending United States patent
applications, and various pending Patent Cooperation Treaty, or PCT, patent
applications filed with the World Intellectual Property Organization that serve
as the basis of national patent filings in countries of interest. As of December
31, 2007 a total of 28 applications were pending.
Our
issued patents expire at various times between August 2008 and June 2025.
Generally, the term of patent protection is 20 years from the earliest
effective filing date of the patent application.
There
can
be no assurance, however, that our issued patents are valid or that any patents
applied for will be issued. There can be no assurance that our competitors
or
customers will not copy aspects of our fiber optic lighting systems or obtain
information that we regard as proprietary. There also can be no assurance that
others will not independently develop products similar to ours. The laws of
some
foreign countries in which we sell or may sell our products do not protect
proprietary rights to products to the same extent as do the laws of the United
States.
Key
Employee Risk:
Our
future success will depend to a large extent on the continued contributions
of
certain employees, such as our current chief executive officer, chief financial
officer, chief operations officer, and chief technical officer. These and other
key employees would be difficult to replace. Our future success also will depend
on our ability to attract and retain qualified technical, sales, marketing
and
management personnel, for whom competition is very intense. The loss of—or
failure to attract, hire, and retain— any such persons could delay product
development cycles, disrupt our operations or otherwise harm our business or
results of operations. In addition, we plan to restructure our internal sales
force to generate more sales. However if this plan is not implemented well,
then
planned sales may not occur, and the anticipated revenues may not be
realized.
Risk
of Losing Governmental Funding for Research:
Historically, approximately 54% of our EFO research and development efforts
have
been supported directly by government funding. In 2007, approximately 46% of
our
EFO research and development funding came from government sources and was
contracted for short periods, usually one to two years. If government funding
is
reduced or eliminated, there is no guarantee that we would be able to continue
to fund our research and development efforts in EFO technology and products
at
their current levels, if at all. If we are unable to support our EFO research
and development efforts, there is no guarantee that we would be able to develop
enhancements to our current products or develop new products.
Litigation
Risk: At
any
given time, the company may be subject to litigation, the disposition of which
may have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition,
or
results of operation. Information regarding the company’s current legal
proceeding is presented in Part I, Item 3.
Foreign
Risk:
We use
plants in Mexico, India, and Taiwan to manufacture and assemble many of our
pool
products. The supply of these finished goods may be impacted by local political
or social conditions as well as the financial strength of the companies with
which we do business.
Item
1B. Unresolved Staff Comment Letters
None
Item
2. Property
Our
principal executive offices and commercial lighting manufacturing and assembly
facilities are located in a 79,000 square foot facility in Solon, Ohio, under
a
lease agreement expiring in 2011. 10,000 square feet of this space is subleased
to another tenant through June 2008. We also have leased sales facilities in
Pleasanton, California, and Berkshire, United Kingdom. We also own a
sales/assembly facility in Berching, Germany. In addition, we have a contract
manufacturing facility near Tijuana, Mexico. We believe that our current
facilities are adequate to support our current and anticipated
operations.
Item
3. Legal Proceedings
From
time
to time,
we
occasionally become involved in ordinary routine litigation incidental to our
business. We currently are not involved in any material litigation, and we
do
not anticipate becoming involved in any in the foreseeable
future.
Item
4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
During
the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2007,
there
were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders.
10
Supplemental
Item: Executive Officers of the Registrant
Pursuant
to Form 10-K, General Instructions G (3), the following information on Executive
Officers is included as an additional item in Part I:
Name
|
Age
|
Current
Position and Business Experience
|
||
John
Davenport
|
62
|
Chief
Executive Office and Director
-
July 2005 to present. Chief Operating Officer - July 2003 to July
2005.
Vice President and Chief Technology Officer - November 1999 to July
2003.
Prior to joining Energy Focus, Mr. Davenport served as the president
of
Unison Fiber Optic Lighting Systems, LLC from 1998 to 1999. Before
that,
Mr. Davenport served at GE Lighting in various capacities for 25
years.
|
||
Nicholas Berchtold
|
41
|
Chief
Financial Officer and Vice President of Finance
-
July 31, 2007, to present. Prior to joining Energy Focus, Mr. Berchtold
was the division controller at Wellman Products Group, a division
of Hawk
Corporation, from 2000 to 2007, where he was responsible for global
financial reporting and analysis. Additionally, he served as the
corporate
assistant controller at Olympic Steel, Inc. from 1997 to
2000.
|
||
Roger
Buelow
|
35
|
Chief
Technology Officer, General Manager, and Vice President
-
July 2005 to present. Vice President Engineering from February 2003
to
July 2005. Prior to joining Energy Focus, Mr. Buelow was the director
of
engineering at Unison Fiber Optic Lighting Systems, LLC from 1998
to
1999.
|
||
Eric
Hilliard
|
40
|
Chief
Operating Officer
-
November 2006 to present. Business Manager at Saint Gobain - Flight
Structures Business from 2002 to 2006. Additionally, he served at
Goodrich
Aerospace Company and HJ Heinz Company for 7 years from 1994 to
2002
|
11
Our
common stock trades on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “EFOI.” The
following table sets forth the high and low sales prices for our common stock
from its consolidated transaction reporting system.
|
High
|
Low
|
|||||
First
quarter 2006
|
$
|
9.33
|
$
|
7.61
|
|||
Second
quarter 2006
|
9.09
|
6.91
|
|||||
Third
quarter 2006
|
8.85
|
6.75
|
|||||
Fourth
quarter 2006
|
7.95
|
5.42
|
|||||
First
quarter 2007
|
$
|
8.75
|
$
|
5.20
|
|||
Second
quarter 2007
|
7.52
|
5.60
|
|||||
Third
quarter 2007
|
7.85
|
4.60
|
|||||
Fourth
quarter 2007
|
9.95
|
4.80
|
There
were approximately 108 holders of record of our common stock as of February
29,
2008, and we estimate that at that date there were approximately 800 additional
beneficial owners.
We
have
not declared or paid any cash dividends and do not anticipate paying cash
dividends in the foreseeable future.
Stockholder
Matters
There
were no reportable transactions for equity securities that required stockholder
approval during 2007 since there were no sales or purchases of stock during
2007. Options and warrants exercised during 2007 were all issued prior to
calendar year 2007.
12
The
Selected Operations and Balance Sheet Data set forth below have been derived
from our Consolidated Financial Statements. It should be read in conjunction
with the information appearing under the heading “Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in
Item 7 of this report and the Consolidated Financial Statements and related
notes found in Item 8 of this report.
(IN
THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER-SHARE DATA)
YEARS
ENDED DECEMBER 31,
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
2003
|
|||||||
OPERATING
SUMMARY
|
||||||||||||||||
Net
sales
|
$
|
22,898
|
$
|
27,036
|
$
|
28,337
|
$
|
29,731
|
$
|
27,238
|
||||||
Gross
profit
|
6,282
|
7,785
|
10,626
|
11,511
|
10,341
|
|||||||||||
As
a percentage of net sales
|
27.4
|
%
|
28.8
|
%
|
37.5
|
%
|
38.7
|
%
|
38.0
|
%
|
||||||
Research
and development expenses
|
2,907
|
2,341
|
2,190
|
1,188
|
1,279
|
|||||||||||
As
a percentage of net sales
|
12.7
|
%
|
8.7
|
%
|
7.7
|
%
|
4.0
|
%
|
4.7
|
%
|
||||||
Sales
and marketing expenses
|
9,789
|
9,774
|
9,595
|
8,595
|
7,188
|
|||||||||||
As
a percentage of net sales
|
42.8
|
%
|
36.2
|
%
|
33.9
|
%
|
28.9
|
%
|
26.4
|
%
|
||||||
General
and administrative expenses
|
4,651
|
4,956
|
3,135
|
2,459
|
2,435
|
|||||||||||
As
a percentage of net sales
|
20.3
|
%
|
18.3
|
%
|
11.1
|
%
|
8.3
|
%
|
8.9
|
%
|
||||||
Restructure
expenses
|
456
|
734
|
3,120
|
—
|
—
|
|||||||||||
As
a percentage of net sales
|
2.0
|
%
|
2.7
|
%
|
11.0
|
%
|
—
|
%
|
—
|
%
|
||||||
Loss
before tax
|
(11,127
|
)
|
(9,537
|
)
|
(7,314
|
)
|
(762
|
)
|
(594
|
)
|
||||||
As
a percentage of net sales
|
(48.6
|
)%
|
(35.3
|
)%
|
(25.8
|
)%
|
(2.6
|
)%
|
(2.2
|
)%
|
||||||
Net
loss
|
(11,317
|
)
|
(9,650
|
)
|
(7,423
|
)
|
(704
|
)
|
(608
|
)
|
||||||
As
a percentage of net sales
|
(49.4
|
)%
|
(35.7
|
)%
|
(26.2
|
)%
|
(2.4
|
)%
|
(2.2
|
)%
|
||||||
Net
loss per share
|
||||||||||||||||
Basic
|
$
|
(.98
|
)
|
$
|
(0.85
|
)
|
$
|
(0.90
|
)
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
|
Diluted
|
$
|
(.98
|
)
|
$
|
(0.85
|
)
|
$
|
(0.90
|
)
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
$
|
(0.10
|
)
|
|
Shares
used in per-share calculation:
|
||||||||||||||||
Basic
|
11,500
|
11,385
|
8,223
|
7,269
|
5,993
|
|||||||||||
Diluted
|
11,500
|
11,385
|
8,223
|
7,269
|
5,993
|
|||||||||||
FINANCIAL
POSITION SUMMARY
|
||||||||||||||||
Total
assets
|
$
|
28,869
|
$
|
40,592
|
$
|
46,209
|
$
|
27,018
|
$
|
24,119
|
||||||
Cash,
cash equivalents, and short-term
|
||||||||||||||||
investments
|
8,412
|
15,968
|
23,578
|
3,609
|
4,254
|
|||||||||||
Working
capital
|
12,512
|
22,410
|
31,530
|
14,541
|
12,449
|
|||||||||||
Credit
line borrowings
|
1,159
|
1,124
|
47
|
—
|
—
|
|||||||||||
Current
portion of Long-term borrowings
|
1,726
|
778
|
342
|
38
|
30
|
|||||||||||
Long-term
borrowings
|
314
|
1,862
|
1,089
|
484
|
521
|
|||||||||||
Shareholders’
equity
|
21,618
|
30,880
|
38,184
|
21,202
|
18,950
|
|||||||||||
Common
shares outstanding
|
11,623
|
11,394
|
11,270
|
7,351
|
6,317
|
13
Item
7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
We
manufacture and sell fiber optic and LED lighting systems, and our business
is
involved in two specific markets: commercial lighting and pool lighting. Our
patented system, used by both product lines, is called the “EFO” system. The EFO
system delivers higher energy savings, heat dissipation, and lower maintenance
cost. These features provide a distinct advantage over our competitors’
products, and we have been able to successfully cater to a niche market. Our
products are a good fit for the lighting needs of supermarkets, retail stores,
the U.S. Navy, museums, and other specialized markets, including but not limited
to hotel chains, dock lighting, and casinos. Also, the lighted fiber optic
cables, an integral part of the lighting system, are aesthetically pleasing
and
have been warmly welcomed by design firms.
Even
though our net sales have been trending downward during the past years, the
sales from our EFO systems, our patented product, have been progressively
improving. The EFO-generated sales were $7,011,000 in 2007, $5,316,000 in 2006,
and $3,645,000 in 2005. The EFO systems have been well received by architectural
and design firms and are now marketed in Europe, Russia, and the Middle
East.
In
August
2007, our company was awarded the prestigious Defense Advanced Research Project
Agency (DARPA) Award for small business innovation. This award brings awareness
in the marketplace about our technological contribution, which we hope will
result in increased sales. In 2007 and 2006, a modified version of our EFO
system was fitted to three Navy ships. This project was funded through a
government grant from DARPA. During the first quarter of 2007, we became a
subcontractor to the University of Delaware for conducting research on
Very-High-Efficiency Solar Cells (VHESC). This is a prestigious assignment
that
we hope will bring awareness about our technological strengths.
Trends
and Uncertainties: The
following is a summary of trends and uncertainties that affected our financial
performance in 2007:
Economic
Trends:
During
the second half of 2007, the U.S. economy was adversely affected by continued
deterioration in the housing market and extraordinary volatility in the
fixed-income markets. These problems affected our 2007 results in varying
degrees. Certain geographic regions were impacted more significantly than
others, and this had some influence on the seasonal and regional business
conducted by our pool business. Economic decline in the construction industry
affected sales negatively in both the pool and commercial lighting markets.
Management
Team:
During
2007, we experienced turnover in several senior management positions. We believe
that we have a new management team focused on addressing the issues of declining
sales and increasing revenue through improved marketing channels while reducing
expenses. We expect our operations to benefit from the expertise of the new
leaders who joined our organization in 2007.
Sales
Plans:
We
introduced a new product category called “EFO LED” as part of our EFO systems.
Initial feedback is that it has been well accepted by the market and is expected
to contribute positively to future sales growth. In 2008, we constructed a
new
showroom at our headquarters in Solon, Ohio, to showcase our products to
architects and designers. This effort too will help bolster sales in the future.
We recently entered into partnership with TCP, Inc., of Aurora, Ohio, and Eco
Engineering, LLC of Cincinnati, Ohio, to distribute a broad range of our
products to their national customers. This is a significant step for increasing
sales in the future and is in addition to the previously used marketing channels
of commission-based sales representatives. We believe that this step will
positively affect our sales in the near future.
Liquidity:
Due to
continued losses and sales declines in 2007, management intends to pursue
the raising of additional equity financing in 2008. On March 14, 2008, the
company raised
approximately $9,500,000 in equity financing, net of expenses, in a private
placement of shares of common stock and warrants to existing
shareholders. This
additional financing will be used to fund working capital, pay debt and perform
additional research and development. The company received the funds on
March 17, 2008. Management believes that this additional financing, when
combined with current cash reserves and current assets, will be sufficient
to
fund on-going operations for the next 12 months.
United
States Bank Borrowings:
We
currently have $2,645,000 in borrowings outstanding with Silicon Valley Bank
which become due on February 29, 2008. On March 14, 2008, our company entered
into a sixth amendment with Silicon Valley Bank which extends our
due date to April 30, 2008.
14
Results
of Operations
Net
Sales
Our
net
sales decreased 15% to $22,898,000 in 2007, compared to $27,036,000 in 2006.
Net
sales were $28,337,000 in 2005.
In
2007,
sales of pool products, excluding EFO products, decreased by 25%, or $2,956,000,
and commercial lighting products, excluding EFO products, decreased by 29%,
or
$2,877,000. This decrease was partially offset by improved sales of EFO
products—an increase of 32%, or $1,695,000, compared to the year before. The
decrease in pool lighting sales was due to a $2,533,000, or 23%, drop in sales
of in-ground pool products and also a $423,000, or 46%, decrease in sales of
Jazz lighting products. However, Jazz lighting products are no longer considered
a core product for the future, and the decrease was anticipated.
Our
sales
breakdowns, by product lines, with EFO products as a separate line item, are
as
follows:
Product
Line Breakdown
(in
thousands)
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2005
|
||||||||
EFO
|
$
|
7,011
|
$
|
5,316
|
$
|
3,645
|
||||
Traditional
Pool
|
9,002
|
11,958
|
14,744
|
|||||||
Traditional
Commercial Lighting
|
6,885
|
9,762
|
9,948
|
|||||||
Total
|
$
|
22,898
|
$
|
27,036
|
$
|
28,337
|
EFO
sales
reported in 2006 and 2005 have been restated for comparability with EFO products
included in 2007.
The
increased sales of EFO products were a result of organic sales growth
and the
introduction of certain new EFO products in 2007. These new products were an
addition to the existing EFO fiber optic product and contributed $3,970,000,
or
57%, in sales out of the total EFO sales of $7,011,000.
In
2006,
net sales decreased by 5% to $27,036,000, compared to $28,337,000 in 2005.
The
2006 decrease was a result of lower sales of pool products, excluding EFO,
of
19%, or $2,786,000, and commercial lighting products of 2%, or $186,000, which
partially was offset by increased sales of EFO products of 46%, or $1,671,000,
including $1,478,000 of new EFO pool products. The decrease in traditional
pool
lighting sales was due primarily to decrease in sales from our in-ground and
jazz lighting products. The decrease in traditional commercial lighting sales
was due to lower sales in the U.S. and Germany.
During
2007, $234,000 of revenue was recognized on a percentage-of-completion basis
for
milestones completed as a subcontractor to
the
University of Delaware for continuing research on Very-High-Efficiency Solar
Cells.
International
sales accounted for approximately 35% of net sales in 2007, as compared to
31%
of net sales in 2006 and 33% in 2005. The falling exchange rate for U.S. dollars
helped boost the international sales reported this year. The breakdown of our
international sales is as follows:
International
Sales
(in
thousands)
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2005
|
||||||||
United
States Domestic
|
$
|
14,949
|
$
|
18,776
|
$
|
19,123
|
||||
Germany
|
3,136
|
2,998
|
3,399
|
|||||||
U.K.
|
4,265
|
4,817
|
4,775
|
|||||||
Others
|
548
|
445
|
1,040
|
|||||||
Total
Sales
|
$
|
22,898
|
$
|
27,036
|
$
|
28,337
|
15
Gross
Profit
We
had
gross profit of $6,282,000 in 2007, a decrease of 19%, compared to $7,785,000
in
2006. Total gross profit as a percentage of total net sales was 27% in 2007,
compared to 29% in 2006.
In
2006,
we had gross profit of $7,785,000, compared to $10,626,000in 2005. As a
percentage of sales, the gross profit for 2006, was 29% compared to 38% in
2005.
Lower margins from commercial lighting and pool sales contributed towards much
of the decline in both 2007 and 2006.
Operating
Expenses
Research
and Development
Research
and development expenses were $2,907,000 in 2007, a 24% increase from $2,341,000
in 2006.
Overall,
we decreased gross spending in research and development expense on personnel
and
project costs related to partially subsidized government awards and on
improvements for existing products. This spending continued to be offset by
expense credits for funds received in 2007, under various government awards
for
which we are the sole beneficiary of such research. The gross research and
development spending along with credits from government contracts is shown
in
the following table:
|
|
Year ended December 31,
|
|
|||||||
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
|
|||
|
|
(in thousands)
|
|
|||||||
Gross
R& D Expense
and Government
Reimbursement:
|
||||||||||
Gross
Expenses
for R&D
|
|
$
|
3,424
|
|
$
|
3,556
|
|
$
|
4,485
|
|
Deduct:
Incurred
and Accrued Credits
from Government
Contracts
|
|
(517
|
)
|
(1,215
|
)
|
(2,295
|
)
|
|||
Net
R&D Expenses
|
|
$
|
2,907
|
$
|
2,341
|
|
$
|
2,190
|
|
|
Total
Credits Received
and
Revenue Recognized on Government
Projects:
|
||||||||||
Incurred
and Accrued Credits from Government Contracts
|
$
|
517
|
$
|
1,215
|
$
|
2,295
|
||||
Revenue
Recognized for Completed Deliveries
|
542
|
1,979
|
—
|
|||||||
Net
Credits Received and Revenue
Recognized
|
$
|
1,059
|
$
|
3,194
|
$
|
2,295
|
Credits
received from government contracts for research for which we are the beneficiary
during the fiscal year are recorded as a reduction to research and development
expense. The net of payments to subcontractors amounted to $517,000 in 2007,
compared to $1,215,000 in 2006, and $2,295,000 in 2005. Gross expenses for
research and development decreased by $132,000 in 2007, a 4% decrease compared
to 2006. Net research and development expenses were 12.7% of sales in 2007,
compared to 8.7% of sales in 2006, and 7.7% in 2005.
This
decrease in credits from 2005 to 2006 was due to the completion of the AMCOM
contract and associated credits in 2005. Gross expenses for research and
development decreased by $929,000 from 2005 to 2006 due to the re-allocation
of
some research and development staff to building milestone deliverables under
the
Navy ship installation contract and their associated costs being included in
cost of sales in 2006, whereas there was no such activity or re-classed expenses
in 2005.
When
the
government contract is for the delivery of a product or service, we recognize
revenue from those government projects according to percentage of completion
method or actual deliveries made. Costs related to the completion of the sale
are charged to cost of sales. In 2007, revenue recognized from completed
deliveries was $542,000. The revenue recognized for completed deliveries of
products or services was $1,979,000 in 2006 and none in 2005. For further
information on our revenue recognition policy, please refer to “Critical
Accounting Policies and Estimates” within this section of the
report.
Net
credits received from government reimbursement are the combination of revenue
and credits against gross research and development costs. In 2007, our net
credits were $1,059,000, compared to $3,194,000 in 2006 and $2,295,000 in
2005.
16
Sales
and Marketing
Sales
and
marketing expenses were $9,789,000 in 2007, compared to $9,774,000 in 2006.
While the net dollar amounts are similar for both years, in terms of percentage
of sales, it was 43% in 2007 and 36% in 2006. In
2007,
sales expenses for the pool product line amounted to $2,676,000, or 27% of
total
marketing cost, whereas the commercial lighting line was $7,113,000, or 73%
of
total marketing costs.
In
2006,
sales and marketing expenses were $9,774,000, a 2% increase compared to the
$9,595,000 in 2005. Last year’s increase was due in part to an increase of
$734,000 in EFO sales and marketing offset by lower commissions of $443,000,
and
lower pool sales and marketing of $120,000 in 2006.
General
and Administrative
General
and administrative expenses were 20% of sales in 2007, 18% of sales in 2006,
and
11% of sales in 2005. General and administrative expenses were $4,651,000 in
2007, a $305,000 or 6% decrease as compared to $4,956,000 in 2006. This year’s
lower general and administrative expense was largely a result of a $241,000
decrease in stock-based compensation compared to 2006, as well as management’s
efforts to reduce overall costs.
General
and administrative cost reduction efforts during 2007 were offset by a one-time
charge of $409,000 for severance, $172,000 of which was in the general and
administrative expenses category. The rest of the severance expenses were
related to other line items such as sales and marketing and restructuring
expenses. In 2007, we also incurred a non-recurring general and administrative
charge of $342,000 in the third quarter and for bad debts due to a change in
policy for calculating the reserve. Without
these two non-recurring charges, the general and administrative expenses for
2007 would have been $4,150,000, a decrease of 10% from 2006.
General
and administrative expenses were $4,956,000 in 2006, a $1,821,000 increase
as
compared to $3,135,000 in 2005. The 2006 increase was due to higher costs
associated with complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, option expenses
associated with implementing FAS 123 (R), accounting fees, investor relations
costs, and legal fees. We became an accelerated filer with the SEC as a result
of our market capitalization as of June 30, 2006. As a result, we were
required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
beginning with our fiscal year ending December 31, 2006. Our outside costs
to comply with Section 404 were approximately $500,000, independent of
additional audit fees.
The
restructuring expenses in 2007 were $456,000, compared to $734,000 in 2006,
a
decrease of 38 %. In 2005, our restructuring expenses were $3,120,000. The
2007
cost is associated with relocating the fiber production operation from Mexico
to
Solon, Ohio. The 2006 and 2005 restructuring costs were for the relocation
from
Fremont, California to Solon, Ohio.
In
June 2005, we announced the relocation of our headquarters from Fremont,
California, to Solon, Ohio. We had indicated that the cost of the restructure
would be approximately $3,500,000 and would result in approximately $2,000,000
in savings. In 2005, we spent approximately $3,100,000 on restructuring
expenses.
Other
Income and Expenses
We
had
interest income of $605,000 and interest expense of $321,000 in 2007. Interest
income consists of interest earned on deposits and marketable securities and
gains on securities sales. Interest expense is for bank interest on equipment
loans and on a building loan in Germany for our corporate offices there. Our
interest income was $760,000 in 2006, compared to $138,000 in 2005. Our interest
expense was $277,000 in 2006, compared to $39,000 in 2005.
We
have
certain long-term leases. Payments due under these leases are disclosed below
in
Note 8 and in the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included
elsewhere in this report.
Income
Taxes
We
have a
full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets in the United States
and Germany. There was a tax expense of $13,000 for our U.K. operations in
2007.
There were no tax expenses or benefits for our United States or German
operations. In 2007, all expected benefits were offset by an increase in our
valuation allowance. We had a tax expense of $177,000 in the U.S., resulting
from a tax liability associated with tax treatment for goodwill.
For
2006,
we had a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets in the United
States and Germany. There was no operating statement tax expense or benefit
for
our German operation in 2006 as any expected benefit was offset by an increase
in our valuation allowance. We had a tax expense of $75,000 in the U.S resulting
from a tax liability associated with the tax treatment for goodwill. In addition
we had a $38,000 tax expense shown for 2006 is a result of tax expense for
our
United Kingdom operations which experienced a profit of 2006.
For
2005,
we had a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets in the United
States. There was no operating statement tax expense or benefit for our United
States operations in 2005 as any expected benefit was offset by an increase
in
our valuation allowance. The $109,000 tax expense shown for 2005, is a result
of
tax expense for our United Kingdom and German operations which experienced
a
profit of 2005
Net
Loss
The
net
loss was $11,317,000, an increase of 17% from our net loss of $9,650,000 in
2006.
For
2006,
the net loss of $9,650,000, which was an increase of 30% compared to the net
loss of $7,423,000 in 2005.
17
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
At
December 31, 2007, our cash and cash equivalents were $8,412,000, compared
to $3,705,000 at December 31, 2006. We had $314,000 in long-term borrowings
and $2,885,000 in short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2007. We had
$1,862,000 in long-term borrowings and $1,902,000 in short-term borrowings
as of
December 31, 2006. We did not have any short-term securities at December
31, 2007. We had $12,263,000 in short-term securities at December 31,
2006.
Operating
Activities
Net
cash
used by operating activities primarily consists of net loss adjusted by non-cash
items, including depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, and
the
effect of changes in working capital. Cash decreased during 2007, by a net
loss
of $11,317,000, compared to net losses of $9,650,000 and $7,423,000 for 2006,
and 2005 respectively. After adjustments, net cash used by operating activities
was $7,502,000 in 2007, compared to $7,184,000 for 2006 and $3,472,000 in
2005.
In
2007,
all short-term investments were converted to cash. Further, our efforts to
reduce accounts receivable and inventory provided cash of $2,411,000 and
$947,000, respectively during 2007. Cash was also used during 2007 to decrease
accounts payable by $1,942,000. In 2006, cash decreased by $2,457,000 due to
a
reduction in accruals, largely due to paying off restructuring expenses accrued
in 2005 and increased by $1,510,000 and $558,000 due to increases in accounts
payables and a reduction in prepaids, respectively. During 2005, cash increased
by $722,000 due to a reduction in accounts receivable and by $363,000 due to
a
reduction in inventories. Accrued liabilities added to cash in 2005 through
an
increase of $1,830,000 largely as a result of scheduled payments outstanding
on
restructuring expenses.
Cash
Provided by Investing Activities
There
was
a net contribution of cash of $11,842,000 in 2007, largely due to net sales
of
short-term securities, totaling $12,351,000. In 2006, the contribution of cash
was $2,058,000 in investing activities, also due to net sales of short-term
investments totaling $5,761,000 and partially offset by the acquisition of
fixed
assets of $3,703,000. This compares to a net utilization of cash of $19,921,000
in investing activities in 2005, primarily due to the investments made in
short-term securities and the acquisition of fixed assets.
Cash
Provided by Financing Activities
In
2007,
the net contribution to cash from financing activities was $407,000, compared
to
$2,908,000 in 2006 and $25,749,000 in 2005. Proceeds from stock issuances
provided $964,000 in cash in 2007. Also in 2007, additional bank borrowings
of
$289,000 were reduced by debt payments of $908,000. During 2006, the net cash
contribution primarily was due to our receipt of $2,686,000 in proceeds from
bank borrowings, of which $1,609,000 was used to finance the purchase of
manufacturing equipment. During 2005, the net cash contribution was primarily
due to proceeds received from issuances of common stock.
As
a
result of the cash used in operating activities and the cash provided by
financing and investing activities, there was a net increase in cash in 2007
of
$4,707,000 that resulted in an ending cash balance of $8,412,000 as of December
31, 2007. This compares to a net decrease in cash of $1,849,000 in 2006,
resulting in an ending cash balance of $3,705,000 at the end of 2006, and a
net
increase in cash of $1,945,000 in 2005, resulting in an ending cash balance
of
$5,554,000 at the end of 2005.
We
have a
bank line of credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank effective August 15,
2005. It was further amended September 25, 2006, and extended through August
15,
2007, and
again
on October 31, 2007, extending the agreement to December 31, 2007. This credit
facility is for $5,000,000 and is secured by our assets and intellectual
property. At December 31, 2007, the interest rate was 7.75%. It has a minimum
tangible net worth covenant that we must meet going forward. On
December 31, 2005, this agreement was amended and restated to include an
additional $3,000,000 term-loan line of credit for equipment purchases. This
agreement calls for repayment of principle in equal amounts over four years
from
the date of purchase of the equipment and has an interest rate of prime plus
0.5% if the quick ratio is greater than 1.5, and prime plus 1.5% if the quick
ratio is at or below 1.5. Borrowings under the Silicon Valley Agreement are
collateralized by our assets and intellectual property. Specific borrowings
under the revolver are tied to accounts receivable and inventory balances,
and
we are required to comply with certain covenants with respect to effective
net
worth and financial ratios. The company had borrowings of $973,000 under the
revolving line of credit at December 31, 2007, $1,000,000 borrowings at December
31, 2006, and no borrowings as of December 31, 2005. We had total borrowings
under the term-loan portion of the agreement of $1,672,000 as of
December 31, 2007, $2,261,000 as of December 31, 2006, and $1,092,000 as of
December 31, 2005. We pay an unused line fee of 0.25% against any unused daily
balance during the year.
On
January 29, 2008, the company entered into a fifth amendment, retroactive to
December 30, 2007. Under this new agreement, all advances become due on February
29, 2008. On March 14, 2008, our company entered into a sixth amendment with
Silicon Valley Bank which extends the due date to April 30, 2008.
Through
our U.K. subsidiary, we maintain a bank overdraft facility of $496,000 (in
U.K.
pounds sterling, based on the exchange rate at December 31, 2007) under an
agreement with Lloyds Bank Plc. There were no borrowings against this facility
as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The facility is renewed
annually on January 1.
Through
our German subsidiary, we maintain a credit facility under an agreement with
Sparkasse Neumarkt Bank. This credit facility is in place to finance our
building of new offices in Berching, Germany, owned and occupied by our German
subsidiary. As of December 31, 2007, we had borrowings of $368,000 (in
Euros, based on the exchange rate at December 31, 2007) against this credit
facility. In addition, our German subsidiary has a revolving line of credit
for
$219,000 (in Euros, based on the exchange rate at December 31, 2007) with
Sparkasse Neumarkt Bank. As of December 31, 2007, there were borrowings of
$186,000 against this facility and borrowings of $124,000 against this facility
at December 31, 2006. The revolving facility is renewed annually on
January 1.
18
On
November 8, 2005, the company closed a follow-on offering, selling
2,500,000 new shares of common stock at a price of $8.25. The purchase price
of
the common stock was set at $8.25 per share on November 2, 2005, which was
approximately a 5% discount on the closing price on that day. On
November 11, 2005, the company announced that the underwriters had
exercised their option to sell an additional 452,497 shares of common stock
for
$8.25 as part of the offering. The gross amount raised was $24.4 million from
the selling of 2,952,497 new shares (before costs and expenses). The net amount
received by the company after deducting 6% in underwriters’ fees and legal,
accounting, and other costs was $22.2 million.
On
March
14, 2008, the company raised
approximately $9,500,000 in equity financing, net of expenses, in a private
placement of shares of common stock and warrants to existing shareholders.
This additional financing will be used to fund working capital, pay
debt
and perform additional research and development. The company received 100%
of the funds (net of fees) on March 17, 2008. Management believes that this
additional financing, when combined with current cash reserves, will be
sufficient to fund on-going operations for the next 12 months.
The
following summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2007,
consisting of current and future payments for borrowings by our German
subsidiary, borrowings under an equipment term loan in the United States, and
minimum lease payments under operating leases, as well as the effect that these
obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future
periods (in
thousands).
Borrowings
by German
Subsidiary
|
Borrowings
under
Equipment
Term Loan
|
Non-
Cancelable
Operating
Leases
|
||||||||
2008
|
$
|
240
|
$
|
1,672
|
$
|
935
|
||||
2009
|
57
|
—
|
945
|
|||||||
2010
|
60
|
—
|
797
|
|||||||
2011
|
64
|
—
|
282
|
|||||||
Thereafter
|
133
|
—
|
297
|
|||||||
|
$
|
554
|
$
|
1,672
|
$
|
3,256
|
The
company also has $973,000 for credit line borrowings, in the United States,
recorded as a current liability at December 31, 2007.
We
had no
off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2007 or
2006.
19
Critical
Accounting Policies and Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements requires that we make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the
disclosure of contingencies, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses
in
the financial statements. Material differences may result in the amount and
timing of revenue and expenses if different judgments or different estimates
were utilized. Critical accounting policies, judgments, and estimates that
we
believe have the most significant impact on our financial statements are set
forth below:
·
|
Revenue
recognition;
|
·
|
Allowances
for doubtful accounts, returns and
discounts;
|
·
|
Long-lived
assets;
|
·
|
Valuation
of inventories;
|
·
|
Accounting
for income taxes; and
|
·
|
Share-Based
compensation
|
Revenue
Recognition
Revenue
is recognized when it is realized or realizable, has been earned, and when
all
of the following has occurred:
·
|
Persuasive
evidence or an arrangement exists, e.g., a sales order, a purchase
order,
or a sales agreement.
|
·
|
Shipment
has occurred (the standard shipping term is F.O.B. ship point) or
services
provided on a percentage-of-completion basis or installation have
been
completed.
|
·
|
Price
to the buyer is fixed or determinable.
|
·
|
Collectibility
is reasonably assured.
|
Revenue
from product
sale
generally is recognized upon shipping because of the following:
·
|
All
sales made by the company to its customer base are non-contingent,
meaning
that they are not tied to that customer’s resale of
products.
|
·
|
Standard
terms of sale contain shipping terms of F.O.B. ship point, meaning
that
title is transferred when shipping
occurs.
|
·
|
There
are no automatic return provisions that allow the customer to return
the
product in the event that the product does not sell within a defined
timeframe.
|
Revenue
from installation
services,
including design and integration services and other services (where product
sales are not incorporated into the contract), is recognized upon the
following:
·
|
Percentage-of-completion
method using the ratio of labor cost incurred to the total final
estimated
labor cost. Under this method, revenue recognized reflects the portion
of
anticipated revenue that has been earned.
|
Revenue
from product sales that incorporate specifically
defined installation
services
is recognized as follows:
·
|
product
sale at completion of installation
and
|
·
|
installation
service at completion of
installation
|
We
warrant our products against defects or workmanship issues. We set up allowances
for estimated returns, discounts, and warranties upon recognition of revenue
and
these allowances are adjusted periodically to reflect actual and anticipated
returns, discounts, and warranty expenses. Our distributors’ obligation
to us is not contingent upon the resale of our product and as such does not
prohibit revenue recognition.
Allowances
for Doubtful Accounts, Returns, and Discounts
We
establish allowance for doubtful accounts for probable losses, based on past
history, current economic conditions, and contractual terms. The specific
components are as follows:
·
|
Allowance
for doubtful accounts for accounts receivable,
and
|
·
|
Allowance
for sales returns
|
20
In
2007,
the total allowance was $848,000, with $698,000 related to accounts receivable
and $150,000 related to sales return. In 2006, the total allowance had a balance
of $600,000 with $355,000 related to accounts receivable and $245,000 related
to
sales return.
The
company reviews these allowance accounts periodically and adjusts them according
to current conditions.
Long-lived
Assets
The
company has $4,359,000 in goodwill in 2007, which represents 15% of total
assets. We test goodwill for impairment annually, and at December 31, 2007,
it
was determined that no impairment occurred. The first test for impairment
requires us to make an assessment of our book value versus our market
capitalization value. Since our market value was greater than book value,
no
further impairment testing was required. If these values change in the future,
additional analysis would be required, and we may incur non cash charges
for
impairment of goodwill.
Valuation
of Inventories
We
state
inventories at the lower of standard cost (which approximates actual cost
determined using the first-in-first-out method) or market. We establish
provisions for excess and obsolete inventories after evaluation of historical
sales, current economic trends, forecasted sales, product lifecycles, and
current inventory levels. During 2007, 2006, and 2005, we charged $677,000,
$868,000, and $196,000, respectively, to cost of sales for excess and obsolete
inventories. Adjustments to our estimates, such as forecasted sales and expected
product lifecycles, could harm our operating results and financial
position.
Accounting
for Income Taxes
As
part
of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are
required to estimate our income tax liability in each of the jurisdictions
in
which we do business. This process involves estimating our actual current tax
expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing
treatment of items, such as deferred revenues, for tax and accounting purposes.
These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are
included in our consolidated balance sheet. We then must assess the likelihood
that these deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income
and,
to the extent that we believe that recovery is not certain or is unknown, we
must establish a valuation allowance.
Significant
management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes,
our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded
against our deferred tax assets. At December 31, 2007, we have recorded a
full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets in the United States
and Germany, due to uncertainties related to our ability to utilize our deferred
tax assets, primarily consisting of certain net operating losses carried
forward. The valuation allowance is based upon our estimates of taxable income
by jurisdiction and the period over which our deferred tax assets will be
recoverable.
Share-Based
Payments
In
December 2004, the FASB issued FAS No. 123 (revised 2004) or FAS
123(R), “Share-Based Payments.” FAS 123(R) requires all
entities
to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of
share-based payments, such as stock options granted
to employees. The company has applied FAS 123(R) using the modified prospective
method. Under this method, the company
is
required to record compensation expense (as previous awards continue to vest)
for the unvested portion of previously granted awards that remain outstanding
at
the date of adoption. The company could have elected to adopt FAS 123(R) by
restating previously issued financial statements, basing the amounts on the
expense previously calculated and reported in the pro forma disclosures that
had
been required by FAS 123. FAS 123(R) was first effective for the company for
its
year ending December 31, 2006. In March 2005, the SEC released Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 107, “Share-Based Payment” (SAB 107), which
provides interpretive guidance related to the interaction between FAS
123(R) and certain SEC rules and regulations. It also provides the SEC
staff’s views regarding valuation of share based payment arrangements. The
application of FAS 123(R) with SAB 107 had the effect of increasing stock-based
compensation expense and reducing earnings by $877,000 in 2007 and $1,118,000
in
2006.
We
measure all employee stock-based awards as an expense based on the grant-date
fair value of these awards. Effective January 1, 2006, we began to recognize
expense for all stock-based awards granted on or after that date and for all
previous unvested awards using the modified prospective method. The fair value
of options is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Weighted
average assumptions used in the model include the expected life of the options,
volatility, and risk-free interest rate. The volatility estimates are calculated
using historical pricing experience.
21
Accounting
Pronouncements Adopted in 2007
Accounting
for uncertain tax positions. In
July
2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation
No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (FIN 48), an interpretation
of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 109, “Accounting for Income
Taxes” (SFAS 109), regarding accounting for income tax uncertainties effective
for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006 (effective January 1, 2007,
for the company). FIN 48 applies to all tax positions related to income taxes
subject to SFAS 109 on Accounting for Income Taxes. The impact of adopting
the
positions of this interpretation did not have a material impact on the company’s
overall financial position or results of operations.
Accounting
Pronouncements Pending Adoption at December 31, 2007
Fair
value measurements. In
September 2006, the FASB issued FAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (FAS
157), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair
value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This guidance
applies only when other guidance requires or permits assets or liabilities
to be
measured at fair value; it does not expand the use of fair value in any new
circumstances. FAS 157 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007 (effective January 1, 2008, for the company). In February
2008, the FASB issued Staff Position FAS 157-1, which provides that FAS 157
does
not apply under FAS 13, “Accounting for Leases,” and other accounting
pronouncements that address fair value measurements for leases. In February
2008, the FASB also issued Staff Position FAS 157-2, which delays the effective
date of FAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities, except those
recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring
basis (at least annually). For items within the scope of Staff Position FAS
157-2, the effective date will be for fiscal years beginning after November
15,
2008. Early adoption of FAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and liabilities within
the scope of the new guidance is permitted. Management is evaluating the
potential effect that this guidance may have on the company’s overall financial
position or results of operations.
Fair
value option for financial assets and financial liabilities.
In
February 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial
Assets and Financial Liabilities” (FAS 159). This guidance provides an option to
selectively report financial assets and liabilities at fair value and
establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate
comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for
similar types of assets and liabilities. FAS No. 159 will be effective for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 (effective January 1, 2008,
for
the company). The company has elected not to apply this fair value option to
any
of its existing assets or liabilities. However, the company may adopt this
guidance for assets or liabilities in the future as permitted under FAS No.
159.
Business
Combinations. In
December 2007, the FASB issued FAS
No.
141(R), “Business Combinations”
(FAS
141(R)). The new pronouncement requires the acquiring entity in a business
combination to recognize only the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in
a
transaction (e.g., acquisition costs must be expensed when incurred),
establishes the fair value at the date of acquisition as the initial measurement
for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and requires expanded
disclosures. FAS 141(R) will be effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2008 (January 1, 2009, for the company). Early adoption is
prohibited. Management is evaluating the potential effect that this guidance
may
have on the company’s overall financial position or results of
operations.
Noncontrolling
Interests.
In
December 2007, the FASB issued FAS
No.
160,
“Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an Amendment
of
ARB No. 51” (FAS 160). The new pronouncement requires all entities to report
noncontrolling (minority) interests in subsidiaries as a component of
shareholders’ equity. FAS No. 160 will be effective for fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 2008 (January 1, 2009, for company). Early adoption is
prohibited. Management is evaluating the potential effect that this guidance
may
have on the company’s overall financial position or results of
operations.
As
of
December 31, 2007, we had $1,129,000 in cash held in foreign currencies based
on
the exchange rates at December 31, 2007. The balances for cash held overseas
in
foreign currencies are subject to exchange rate risk. We have a policy of
maintaining cash balances in local currencies unless an amount of cash
occasionally is transferred in order to repay inter-company debts.
As
of
December 31, 2007, we had borrowings of $186,000 (in Euros, based on the
exchange rate at December 31, 2007) against a credit facility secured by real
property owned by our German subsidiary. As of December 31, 2006, we had
$124,000 (in Euros, based on the exchange rate at December 31, 2006,) borrowed
against this credit facility.
22
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Page
|
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
24
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006
|
25
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements Of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006
and
2005
|
26
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December
31,
2007, 2006 and 2005
|
27
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2007,
2006,
and 2005
|
28
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006
and
2005
|
29
|
|
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements for December 31, 2007, 2006
and
2005
|
30
|
23
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board
of
Directors and Shareholders
Energy
Focus, Inc.
We
have
audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Energy Focus, Inc (a
Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) as of
December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of
operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity, and cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. Our
audit
of the basic financial statements included the financial statement schedule
listed in the index under Item 15(a)(2).
These
financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility
of
the Company’s management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and
financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An
audit
includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our
opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Energy Focus, Inc. and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2007 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in
the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the related financial
statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial
statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the
information set forth therein.
As
discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January
1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS 123(R) “Share-Based Payment” as
revised.
We
also
have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), Energy Focus, Inc.’s internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established
in
Internal
Control—Integrated Framework
issued
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(COSO)
and
our
report dated March 17, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion
thereon.
/s/
GRANT
THORNTON LLP
Cleveland,
Ohio
March
17,
2008
24
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS, December 31,
(amounts
in thousands except share and per-share amounts)
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||
ASSETS
|
|||||||
Current
assets:
|
|
|
|||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$
|
8,412
|
$
|
3,705
|
|||
Short-term
investments
|
—
|
12,263
|
|||||
Accounts
receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $698 in 2007
and
$355 in 2006
|
3,454
|
6,185
|
|||||
Inventories,
net
|
6,888
|
7,708
|
|||||
Prepaids
and other current assets
|
381
|
324
|
|||||
Total
current assets
|
19,135
|
30,185
|
|||||
Fixed
assets, net
|
5,316
|
5,978
|
|||||
Goodwill,
net
|
4,359
|
4,247
|
|||||
Other
assets
|
59
|
182
|
|||||
Total
assets
|
$
|
28,
869
|
$
|
40,592
|
|||
LIABILITIES
|
|||||||
Current
liabilities:
|
|
||||||
Accounts
payable
|
$
|
2,265
|
$
|
4,202
|
|||
Accruals
and other current liabilities
|
1,473
|
1,671
|
|||||
Credit
line borrowings
|
1,159
|
1,124
|
|||||
Current
portion of long-term bank borrowings
|
1,726
|
778
|
|||||
Total
current liabilities
|
6,623
|
7,775
|
|||||
Other
deferred liabilities
|
62
|
—
|
|||||
Deferred
tax liabilities
|
252
|
75
|
|||||
Long-term
bank borrowings
|
314
|
1,862
|
|||||
Total
liabilities
|
7,251
|
9,712
|
|||||
Commitments
and contingencies (Note 8).
|
|
||||||
SHAREHOLDERS’
EQUITY
|
|||||||
Preferred
stock, par value $0.0001 per share:
|
|
|
|||||
Authorized:
2,000,000 shares in 2007 and 2006
|
|
|
|||||
Issued
and outstanding: no shares in 2007and 2006
|
|
|
|||||
Common
stock, par value $0.0001 per share:
|
|
|
|||||
Authorized:
30,000,000 shares in 2007 and 2006
|
|
|
|||||
Issued
and outstanding: 11,623,000 shares in 2007 and 11,394,000 shares
in
2006
|
1
|
1
|
|||||
Additional
paid-in capital
|
55,682
|
53,841
|
|||||
Accumulated
other comprehensive income
|
815
|
601
|
|||||
Accumulated
deficit
|
(34,880
|
)
|
(23,563
|
)
|
|||
Total
shareholders’ equity
|
21,618
|
30,880
|
|||||
Total
liabilities and shareholders’ equity
|
$
|
28,869
|
$
|
40,592
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements
25
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For
the years ended December 31,
(amounts
in thousands except per-share amounts)
2007
|
2006
|
2005
|
||||||||
Net
sales
|
$
|
22,898
|
$
|
27,036
|
$
|
28,337
|
||||
Cost
of sales
|
16,616
|
19,251
|
17,711
|
|||||||
Gross
profit
|
6,282
|
7,785
|
10,626
|
|||||||
Operating
expenses:
|
||||||||||
Gross
research and development
|
3,424
|
3,556
|
4,485
|
|||||||
Deduct
credits from government contracts
|
(517
|
)
|
(1,215
|
)
|
(2,295
|
)
|
||||
Net
research and development expense
|
2,907
|
2,341
|
2,190
|
|||||||
Sales
and marketing
|
9,789
|
9,774
|
9,595
|
|||||||
General
and administrative
|
4,651
|
4,956
|
3,135
|
|||||||
Restructuring
expenses
|
456
|
734
|
3,120
|
|||||||
Total
operating expenses
|
17,803
|
17,805
|
18,040
|
|||||||
Loss
from operations
|
(11,521
|
)
|
(10,020
|
)
|
(7,414
|
)
|
||||
Other
income (expense):
|
||||||||||
Other
income
|
110
|
—
|
1
|
|||||||
Interest
Income
|
605
|
760
|
138
|
|||||||
Interest
expense
|
(321
|
)
|
(277
|
)
|
(39
|
)
|
||||
Net
loss before income taxes
|
(11,127
|
)
|
(9,537
|
)
|
(7,314
|
)
|
||||
Income
tax provision
|
(190
|
)
|
(113
|
)
|
(109
|
)
|
||||
Net
loss
|
$
|
(11,317
|
)
|
$
|
(9,650
|
)
|
$
|
(7,423
|
)
|
|
Net
loss per share—basic and diluted
|
$
|
(0.98
|
)
|
$
|
(0.85
|
)
|
$
|
(0.90
|
)
|
|
Shares
used in per share calculation—basic and diluted
|
11,500
|
11,385
|
8,223
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
26
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
For
the years ended December 31,
(amounts
in thousands)
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
||||||
Net
loss
|
$
|
(11,317
|
)
|
$
|
(9,650
|
)
|
$
|
(7,423
|
)
|
|
Other
comprehensive income:
|
||||||||||
Foreign
currency translation adjustments
|
283
|
507
|
(636
|
)
|
||||||
Net
unrealized (loss) gain on securities
|
(69
|
)
|
53
|
16
|
||||||
Comprehensive
loss
|
$
|
(11,103
|
)
|
$
|
(9,090
|
)
|
$
|
(8,043
|
)
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
27
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For
the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005
(amounts
in thousands)
Common
Stock
|
Additional
Paid-In
|
Unearned
Stock-Based
|
Notes
Receivable
from
|
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
|
Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Shares
|
Amount
|
Capital
|
Compensation
|
Shareholder
|
Income
|
Deficit)
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Balances,
December 31, 2004
|
7,351
|
$
|
1
|
$
|
27,520
|
$
|
(490
|
)
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
661
|
$
|
(6,490
|
)
|
$
|
21,202
|
||||||||
Issuance
of common stock S-3 Filing
|
2,952
|
22,174
|
22,174
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise
of common stock warrants
|
587
|
408
|
(62
|
)
|
346
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance
of common stock under
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
employee
stock purchase plan
|
4
|
31
|
31
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise
of common stock options
|
376
|
2,131
|
2,131
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Unearned
stock-based compensation
|
53
|
(53
|
)
|
—
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization
of unearned stock- based compensation
|
197
|
146
|
343
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Net
unrealized gain on securities
|
16
|
16
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign
currency translation adjustment
|
(636
|
)
|
(636
|
)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
(7,423
|
)
|
(7,423
|
)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Balances,
December 31, 2005
|
11,270
|
$
|
1
|
$
|
52,514
|
$
|
(397
|
)
|
$
|
(62
|
)
|
$
|
41
|
$
|
(13,913
|
)
|
$
|
38,184
|
|||||||
Reclassification
of unearned
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based
compensation upon
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
FAS
123R adoption
|
(397
|
)
|
397
|
—
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Additional
Costs from 2005 S-3 Filing
|
(45
|
)
|
(45
|
)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise
of common stock warrants
|
14
|
62
|
62
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise
of common stock options
|
106
|
563
|
563
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance
of common stock under employee stock purchase plan
|
4
|
26
|
26
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Note
Receivable from shareholder
|
62
|
62
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based
compensation
|
1,118
|
1,118
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net
unrealized gain on securities
|
53
|
53
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign
currency translation adjustment
|
507
|
507
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
(9,650
|
)
|
(9,650
|
)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Balances,
December 31, 2006
|
11,394
|
$
|
1
|
$
|
53,841
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
601
|
$
|
(23,563
|
)
|
$$
|
30,880
|
|||||||||
Exercise
of common stock warrants
|
86
|
295
|
295
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise
of common stock options
|
140
|
651
|
651
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance
of common stock under employee stock purchase
plan
|
3
|
18
|
18
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based
compensation
|
877
|
877
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net
unrealized loss on securities
|
(69
|
)
|
(69
|
)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign
currency translation adjustment
|
283
|
283
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
(11,317
|
)
|
(11,317
|
)
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Balances,
December 31, 2007
|
11,623
|
$
|
1
|
$
|
55,682
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
815
|
$
|
(34,880
|
)
|
$
|
21,618
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
28
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For
the years ended December 31,
(amounts
in thousands)
|
2007
|
2006
|
2005
|
|||||||
Cash
flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net
loss
|
$
|
(11,317
|
)
|
$
|
(9,650
|
)
|
$
|
(7,423
|
)
|
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities:
|
|
|
||||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
1,236
|
1,197
|
1,145
|
|||||||
Provision
for doubtful accounts receivable
|
387
|
151
|
76
|
|||||||
Stock-based
compensation
|
877
|
1,118
|
345
|
|||||||
Unrealized
loss (gain) from marketable securities
|
69
|
(53
|
)
|
(16
|
)
|
|||||
Gain
on sale of fixed asset
|
(1
|
)
|
—
|
—
|
||||||
Deferred
Taxes
|
177
|
63
|
—
|
|||||||
Changes
in assets and liabilities:
|
|
|||||||||
Accounts
receivable, trade
|
2,411
|
127
|
722
|
|||||||
Inventories
|
947
|
351
|
363
|
|||||||
Prepaid
and other current assets
|
(54
|
)
|
558
|
(313
|
)
|
|||||
Other
assets
|
131
|
(99
|
)
|
56
|
||||||
Accounts
payable
|
(1,942
|
)
|
1,510
|
(257
|
)
|
|||||
Accruals
and other current liabilities
|
(423
|
)
|
(2,457
|
)
|
1,830
|
|||||
Total
|
3,815
|
2,466
|
3,951
|
|||||||
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
(7,502
|
)
|
(7,184
|
)
|
(3,472
|
)
|
||||
Cash
flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
||||||||
Sale
of short-term investments
|
49,441
|
114,595
|
27,767
|
|||||||
Purchase
of short-term investments
|
(37,090
|
)
|
(108,834
|
)
|
(45,768
|
)
|
||||
Proceeds
from sale of fixed assets
|
33
|
—
|
—
|
|||||||
Acquisition
of fixed assets
|
(542
|
)
|
(3,703
|
)
|
(1,920
|
)
|
||||
Net
cash provided by (used in) investing activities
|
11,842
|
2,058
|
(19,921
|
)
|
||||||
Cash
flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Proceeds
from issuances of common stock
|
964
|
651
|
24,680
|
|||||||
Repayment
of loan made to shareholder
|
—
|
62
|
—
|
|||||||
Proceeds
from credit line borrowings
|
129
|
1,077
|
—
|
|||||||
Proceeds
from long-term borrowings
|
160
|
1,609
|
1,069
|
|||||||
Payments
of Line of Credit
|
(107
|
)
|
—
|
—
|
||||||
Payments
of long-term borrowings
|
(801
|
)
|
(491
|
)
|
—
|
|||||
Other
Liabilities
|
62
|
—
|
—
|
|||||||
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
407
|
2,908
|
25,749
|
|||||||
Effect
of exchange rate changes on cash
|
(40
|
)
|
369
|
(411
|
)
|
|||||
Net
increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
4,707
|
(1,849
|
)
|
1,945
|
||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents, beginning of year
|
3,705
|
5,554
|
3,609
|
|||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents, end of year
|
$
|
8,412
|
$
|
3,705
|
$
|
5,554
|
||||
Supplemental
Information
|
|
|
||||||||
Interest
Paid
|
$
|
334
|
$
|
248
|
$
|
39
|
||||
Non-cash
investing activities
|
||||||||||
Fully
depreciated assets disposed of
|
$
|
205
|
$
|
79
|
$
|
1,083
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
29
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
1.
|
Nature
of Operations
|
Energy
Focus, Inc. (“the company”) develops and assembles lighting products using
fiber optic technology for commercial lighting and swimming pool lighting
applications. The company markets its products for worldwide distribution
primarily through independent sales representatives, distributors, and swimming
pool builders.
2.
|
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
|
Basis
of Presentation
The
consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) include the accounts
of the company and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances
and
transactions have been eliminated.
Due
to
continued losses and sales declines in 2007, the company has actively pursued
the raising of additional equity financing in 2008. On March 14, 2008, the
company publicly announced that it received an additional $9,500,000 in equity
financing net of expenses. This additional financing will be used to fund
working capital, pay debt and perform additional research and development.
The
company received the funds on March 17, 2008. The company believes that this
additional financing, when combined with current cash reserves and current
assets, will be sufficient to fund on-going operations for the next 12
months.
Use
of Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reported period. Estimates include, but are not limited to, the
establishment of reserves for accounts receivable, sales returns, inventory
obsolescence, and warranty claims; the useful lives for property, equipment,
and
intangible assets; and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
Revenue
Recognition
Revenue
is recognized when it is realized or realizable, has been earned, and when
all
of the following has occurred:
·
|
Persuasive
evidence or an arrangement exists, e.g., a sales order, a purchase
order,
or a sales agreement.
|
·
|
Shipment
has occurred (the standard shipping term is F.O.B. ship point) or
services
provided on a percentage-of-completion basis or installation has
been
completed.
|
·
|
Price
to the buyer is fixed or determinable.
|
·
|
Collectibility
is reasonably assured.
|
Revenue
from product
sale
generally is recognized upon shipping because of the following:
·
|
All
sales made by the company to its customer base are non-contingent,
meaning
that they are not tied to that customer’s resale of
products.
|
·
|
Standard
terms of sale contain shipping terms of F.O.B. ship point, meaning
that
the title is transferred when shipping
occurs.
|
·
|
There
is no automatic return provision that allows the customer to return
the
product in the event the product does not sell within a defined
timeframe.
|
Revenue
from installation
services,
including design and integration services and other services (where product
sales are not incorporated into the contract), is recognized upon the
following:
·
|
Percentage-of-completion
method using the ratio of labor cost incurred to the total final
estimated
labor cost. Under this method, revenue recognized reflects the portion
of
anticipated revenue that has been earned.
|
Revenue
from product sales that incorporate specifically
defined installation
services
is recognized as follows:
·
|
product
sale at completion of installation
and
|
·
|
installation
service at completion of
installation
|
Energy
Focus warrants its products against defects or workmanship issues. We set
up
allowances for estimated returns, discounts, and warranties upon recognition
of
revenue, and these allowances are adjusted periodically to reflect actual
and
anticipated returns, discounts, and warranty expenses. The distributors’
obligation to us is not contingent upon the resale of the company’s product and
as such does not prohibit revenue recognition.
30
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
Cash
Equivalents
The
company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturity
of three months or fewer to be cash equivalent. The company has $7,283,000
in
cash on deposit with Silicon Valley Bank in the U.S.A. The remaining cash of
the
company is on deposit with European based banks in the U.K. and Germany. The
cash in the U.S.A. is invested in money market funds that earned an annual
interest of 2.5% per annum.
Short-Term
Investments
At
December 31, 2007, we had no short-term investments. All monies were invested
in
money market funds and therefore classified as cash or cash
equivalents.
The
company’s short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale, which are
stated at estimated fair value. The company has determined that its short-term
investments are available to support current operations and, accordingly, has
classified such short-term investments as current assets without regard for
contractual maturities. The unrealized gains or losses on these short-term
investments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate
component of shareholders’ equity until realized.
The
change in net unrealized holding loss on securities available for sale in the
amount of $69,000 has been charged to other comprehensive income for the year
ended December 31, 2007. The cost of securities sold is based upon the
specific identification method.
Proceeds
from the sale of available securities during 2007 were $49,441,000. Gross gains
of $241,000 were realized on the sales of available for sale securities during
2007. Proceeds from the sale of available securities during 2006 were
$108,800,000. Gross gains of $562,000 were realized on the sales of available
for sale securities during 2006. Gross gains in both years are included as
a
component of Interest Income.
Inventories
The
company states inventories at the lower of standard cost (which approximates
actual cost determined using the first-in-first-out method) or market. The
company establishes provisions for excess and obsolete inventories after
evaluation of historical sales, current economic trends, forecasted sales,
product lifecycles, and current inventory levels. Charges to cost of sales
for
excess and obsolete inventories amounted to $677,000, $868,000, and $196,000
in
2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
Accounts
Receivable
The
company’s customers currently are concentrated in the United States and Europe.
In the normal course of business, the company extends unsecured credit to its
customers related to the sale of its products. Typical credit terms require
payment within 30 days from the date of delivery or service. The company
evaluates and monitors the creditworthiness of each customer on a case-by-case
basis. The company provides allowances for sales returns and doubtful accounts
based on its continuing evaluation of its customers’ ongoing requirements and
credit risk. The company writes off accounts receivable when they become
uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are
credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The company does not require
collateral from its customers.
Income
Taxes
As
part
of the process of preparing its consolidated financial statements, the company
estimates its income tax liability in each of the jurisdictions in which it
does
business. This process involves estimating the company’s actual current tax
expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing
treatment of items, such as deferred revenues, for tax and accounting purposes.
These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are
included in the consolidated balance sheet. The company then assesses the
likelihood that these deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable
income and, to the extent to which the company believes that recovery is more
likely than not, or is unknown, the company establishes a valuation
allowance.
Significant
management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes,
deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded
against such deferred tax assets. At December 31, 2007, the company
recorded a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in the United
States and Germany due to uncertainties related to its ability to utilize those
deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance is based on estimates of taxable
income by jurisdiction and the periods over which its deferred tax assets could
be recoverable.
Long-Lived
Assets
Goodwill
represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of tangible and
identified intangible net assets of the businesses acquired. Goodwill is not
amortized but is subjected to an annual impairment test. Fixed assets are stated
at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated
useful lives of the related assets (two to five years). Leasehold improvements
are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives or
the
lease term, whichever is shorter, generally three to seven years. When
events or changes in circumstances indicate that assets may be impaired, an
evaluation is performed comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows
associated with the asset to the asset’s carrying amount to determine whether a
write-down to market value or discounted cash flow is required.
Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
Carrying
amounts of certain financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents,
accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their
short maturities. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the company
for loans with similar terms, the carrying value of long-term debt obligations
also approximates fair value.
31
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
Certain
Risks and Concentrations
The
company invests its excess cash in deposits and high-grade short-term securities
with a major financial institution that is insured by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $100,000 and the Securities Investor
Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) up to $500,000 of primary net equity protection
including $100,000 for claims for cash. At times, the cash balances exceed
the
amounts insured by the FDIC. As of December 31, 2007, the company does not
have
any short-term securities investments. The company has not experienced any
losses in such accounts and believes that it is not exposed to significant
risk
of loss.
The
company sells its products primarily to commercial lighting distributors and
residential pool distributors and pool installation contractors in North
America, Europe, and the Far East. The company performs ongoing credit
evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. Although
the company maintains allowances for potential credit losses that it believes
to
be adequate, a payment default on a significant sale could materially and
adversely affect its operating results and financial condition. At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, one customer accounted for 8.1% and 6% of
accounts receivable, respectively. One customer accounted for 7.1%, 11%, and
11%
of net sales in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
The
company currently buys all of its small-diameter stranded fiber, the main
component of most of its products, from one supplier. There is a limited number
of fiber suppliers, and even if an alternative supplier were obtained, a change
in suppliers could cause delays in manufacturing and a possible loss of sales,
which would adversely affect operating results.
The
company also relies on sole source suppliers for certain lamps, reflectors,
remote control devices, and power supplies. Although the company cannot predict
the effect that the loss of one or more of such suppliers would have on the
company, such loss could result in delays in the shipment of products and
additional expenses associated with redesigning products. It also could have
a
material adverse effect on the company’s operating results.
Research
and Development
Research
and development expenses include salaries, contractor and consulting fees,
supplies and materials, as well as costs related to other overhead such as
depreciation and facilities costs. Research and development costs are expensed
as they are incurred.
The
company treats government and other third-party funding for whom it is the
primary beneficiary of such work conducted as a credit to research and
development costs.
In
addition, the company receives payments from government and other third parties
for the completion of deliveries of product and/or services. These payments
are
recorded as revenue, and the corresponding costs associated with the production
of the product or services are charged to the cost of sales in the same period
in which the revenue is recognized.
Earnings
Per Share
Basic
loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders
by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.
Diluted loss per share is computed giving effect to all dilutive potential
common shares that were outstanding during the period. Dilutive potential common
shares consist of incremental shares upon exercise of stock
options.
A
reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted loss per
share is provided as follows (in
thousands, except per-share
amounts):
Years
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
||||||
Numerator—Basic
and Diluted loss per share
|
||||||||||
Net
loss
|
$
|
(11,317
|
) | $ |
(9,650
|
)
|
$
|
(7,423
|
)
|
|
Denominator—Basic
and Diluted loss per share
|
||||||||||
Weighted
average shares outstanding
|
11,500
|
11,385
|
8,223
|
|||||||
Basic
and diluted loss per share
|
$
|
(0.98
|
) | $ |
(0.85
|
)
|
$
|
(0.90
|
)
|
The
shares outstanding used for calculating basic and diluted loss per share for
a
portion of the year 2005 included 156,375 shares of common stock, issuable
for
no cash consideration upon exercise of certain exchange provisions of warrants
held by ADLT and two of its former employees. There were no warrants outstanding
for ADLT during 2007 or 2006.
Options
and warrants to purchase 1,459,716 shares, 1,690,430 shares, and 1,485,678
shares of common stock were outstanding at December 31, 2007, 2006, and
2005, respectively, but were not included in the calculations of diluted loss
per share because the company had a loss for these years, and their inclusion
would be anti-dilutive.
32
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
Stock-Based
Compensation
In
December 2004, the FASB issued FAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment (“FAS No.
123(R)”). FAS No. 123(R) is a revision of FAS No. 123, Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation (“FAS No. 123”), and supersedes Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB No. 25”),
and its related implementation guidance. On January 1, 2006, the company adopted
the provisions of FAS No. 123(R) using the modified prospective method. FAS
No.
123(R) focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity
obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. The statement
requires entities to recognize compensation expense for awards of equity
instruments to employees based on grant-date fair value of those awards (with
limited exceptions). FAS No. 123(R) also requires the benefits of tax deductions
in excess of recognized compensation expense to be reported as a financing
cash
flow rather than as an operating cash flow as prescribed under the prior
accounting rules. This requirement reduces net operating cash flows and
increases net financing cash flows in periods after adoption. Total cash flow
remains unchanged from what would have been reported under prior accounting
rules. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the company recorded compensation
expense of $877,000. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the company had
compensation expenses of $1,118,000. At December 31, 2005, the company had
unamortized compensation expense of $397,000. This amount is now part of total
unearned compensation of $1,485,000 remaining at December 31, 2007. The
remaining weighted average life is approximately 1.9 years. These costs will
be
charged to expense, amortized on a straight-line method, in future periods
in
accordance with FAS No. 123(R) accounting. Additional options were granted
in
2007 and have been valued in accordance with FAS No. 123(R). At December 31,
2007, the intrinsic value of total options outstanding was
$991,000.
The
expenses for 2007 and 2006 include both the costs of awards granted in both
years and those unvested at the beginning of 2006. Both the expense and future
unearned compensation have been estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing
model. Estimates utilized in the calculation include the expected life of the
option, risk-free interest rate, and volatility and are further comparatively
detailed below. The volatility estimates are calculated using historical pricing
experience.
As
of
December 31, 2007, the company has two stock-based employee compensation
plans, which are described more fully in Note 9. Prior to January 1, 2006,
the company accounted for those plans under the recognition and measurement
principles of APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,
and related interpretations. Under these principles, employee stock options
are
valued at the excess of the fair value of the underlying common stock over
the
exercise price of the options on the grant date. The company accounts for equity
instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of FAS
No. 123(R) and related interpretations. Under these principles, the equity
instruments are valued at the fair value, which is computed based on stock
price
on the date of grant or other measurement date, exercise price, estimated life,
stock volatility, and the risk-free rate of interest.
The
following table illustrates the effect on net income and loss per share if
the
company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of FASB Statement
No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, to stock-based employee
compensation.
(in
thousands, except per share amounts)
|
2005
|
|||
Net
Loss—as reported
|
$
|
(7,423
|
)
|
|
Add:
Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net
loss,
net of related tax effects
|
20
|
|||
Deduct:
Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under
fair
value based method for all awards, net of related tax
effects
|
(530
|
)
|
||
Net
Loss—Pro Forma
|
$
|
(7,933
|
)
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Loss Per Share—As Reported
|
$
|
(0.90
|
)
|
|
Basic
and Diluted Loss Per Share—Pro Forma
|
$
|
(0.96
|
)
|
The
fair
value of each option grant and stock purchase plan grant combined is estimated
on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the
following weighted-average assumptions used for grants in 2007, 2006, and
2005.
|
2007
|
2006
|
2005
|
|||||||
Fair
value of options issued
|
$
|
3.00
|
$
|
3.52
|
$
|
5.14
|
||||
Exercise
price
|
$
|
6.28
|
$
|
7.09
|
$
|
10.65
|
||||
Expected
life of option
|
4.0
years
|
4.0
years
|
5.02
years
|
|||||||
Risk-free
interest rate
|
4.70
|
%
|
4.91
|
%
|
3.58
|
%
|
||||
Expected
volatility
|
56
|
%
|
59
|
%
|
49
|
%
|
Foreign
Currency Translation
The
company’s international subsidiaries use their local currencies as their
functional currencies. For those subsidiaries, assets and liabilities are
translated at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and income
and
expense accounts at average exchange rates during the year. Resulting
translation adjustments are recorded directly to accumulated comprehensive
income within the statement of shareholders’ equity. Foreign currency
transaction gains and losses are included as a component of interest income
and
other. Gains and losses from foreign currency translation are included as a
separate component of comprehensive income (expense) within the consolidated
statement of comprehensive income (loss).
33
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
Advertising
Expenses
The
company expenses the costs of advertising, which consists of costs for the
placement of advertisements in various media. Advertising expenses were
$464,000, $415,000, and $192,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007,
2006, and 2005, respectively.
Product
Warranties
The
company warrants finished goods against defects in material and workmanship
under normal use and service for periods of one to three years for illuminators
and fiber. Settlement costs consist of actual amounts expensed for warranty
services, which are largely a result of third-party service calls, and costs
of
replacement products. A liability for the estimated future costs under product
warranties is maintained based on estimated future warranty expenses for
products outstanding under warranty.
(in
thousands)
Year
Ended
|
|||||||
December
31,
|
|||||||
2007
|
|
2006
|
|||||
Balance
at the beginning of the year
|
$
|
230
|
$
|
393
|
|||
Accruals
for warranties issued
|
381
|
219
|
|||||
Settlements
made during the year (in cash or in kind)
|
(399
|
)
|
(382
|
)
|
|||
Balance
at the end of the year
|
$
|
212
|
$
|
230
|
34
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
Accounting
Pronouncements Pending Adoption at December 31, 2007
Fair
value measurements. In
September 2006, the FASB issued FAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (FAS
157), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair
value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This guidance
applies only when other guidance requires or permits assets or liabilities
to be
measured at fair value; it does not expand the use of fair value in any new
circumstances. FAS 157 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007 (effective January 1, 2008, for the company). In February
2008, the FASB issued Staff Position FAS 157-1, which provides that FAS 157
does
not apply under FAS 13, “Accounting for Leases,” and other accounting
pronouncements that address fair value measurements for leases. In February
2008, the FASB also issued Staff Position FAS 157-2, which delays the effective
date of FAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and liabilities, except those
recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring
basis (at least annually). For items within the scope of Staff Position FAS
157-2, the effective date will be for fiscal years beginning after November
15,
2008. Early adoption of FAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and liabilities within
the scope of the new guidance is permitted. Management is evaluating the
potential effect that this guidance may have on the company’s overall financial
position or results of operations.
Fair
value option for financial assets and financial liabilities.
In
February 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial
Assets and Financial Liabilities” (FAS 159). This guidance provides an option to
selectively report financial assets and liabilities at fair value and
establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate
comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for
similar types of assets and liabilities. FAS No. 159 will be effective for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 (effective January 1, 2008, for
the company). The company has elected to not apply this fair value option to
any
of its existing assets or liabilities. However, the company may adopt this
guidance for assets or liabilities in the future as permitted under FAS No.
159.
Business
Combinations. In
December 2007, the FASB issued FAS
No.
141(R), “Business Combinations”
(FAS
141(R)).The new pronouncement requires the acquiring entity in a business
combination to recognize only the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in
a
transaction (e.g., acquisition costs must be expensed when incurred),
establishes the fair value at the date of acquisition as the initial measurement
for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and requires expanded
disclosures. FAS 141(R) will be effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2008 (January 1, 2009, for the company). Early adoption is
prohibited. Management is evaluating the potential effect that this guidance
may
have on the company’s overall financial position or results of
operations.
Noncontrolling
Interests.
In
December 2007, the FASB issued FAS
No.
160,
“Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an Amendment
of
ARB No. 51” (FAS 160). The new pronouncement requires all entities to report
noncontrolling (minority) interests in subsidiaries as a component of
shareholders’ equity. FAS No. 160 will be effective for fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 2008 (January 1, 2009, for company). Early adoption is
prohibited. Management is evaluating the potential effect that this guidance
may
have on the company’s overall financial position or results of
operations.
Accounting
Pronouncements Adopted in 2007
Accounting
for uncertain tax positions. In
July
2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation
No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”), an
interpretation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 109,
“Accounting for Income Taxes” (SFAS 109) regarding accounting for income tax
uncertainties effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006
(effective January 1, 2007, for the company). FIN 48 applies to all tax
positions related to income taxes subject to FAS 109 on Accounting for Income
Taxes. The impact of adopting the positions of this interpretation did not
have
a material impact on the company’s overall financial position or results of
operations.
35
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
3.
|
Inventories
(in thousands):
|
|
December 31,
|
||||||
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||
Raw
materials
|
$
|
5,965
|
$
|
6,354
|
|||
Inventory
reserve
|
(713
|
)
|
(899
|
)
|
|||
Finished
goods
|
1,636
|
2,253
|
|||||
|
$
|
6,888
|
$
|
7,708
|
4.
|
Fixed
Assets
(in thousands):
|
|
December 31,
|
||||||
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||
Equipment
(useful life 5 years)
|
$
|
8,654
|
$
|
8,411
|
|||
Tooling
(useful life 2 - 5 years)
|
2,751
|
2,657
|
|||||
Furniture
and fixtures (useful life 5 years)
|
225
|
202
|
|||||
Computer
software (useful life 3 years)
|
417
|
395
|
|||||
Leasehold
improvements (the shorter of useful life or lease life)
|
1,576
|
1,475
|
|||||
|
13,623
|
13,140
|
|||||
Less
accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
(8,307
|
)
|
(7,162
|
)
|
|||
|
$
|
5,316
|
$
|
5,978
|
Fixed
assets are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method
over the estimated useful lives of the related assets (two to five years).
Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over their
estimated useful lives or the lease term, whichever is shorter, generally three
to seven years.
5.
|
Goodwill
(in thousands):
|
In
accordance with FAS No. 142, goodwill is subject to an annual impairment
test. The company performs the test in the fourth quarter of every year. The
tests showed no impairment of the company’s goodwill assets. At December 31,
2007, the company did not have any intangible assets other than
goodwill.
The
changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill for the years ended
December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows.
Goodwill
Net
Carrying
Amount
|
||||
Balance
as of December 31, 2005
|
$
|
4,135
|
||
Amortization
expense
|
—
|
|||
Foreign
currency translation
|
112
|
|||
Balance
as of December 31, 2006
|
$
|
4,247
|
||
Amortization
expense
|
—
|
|||
Foreign
currency translation
|
112
|
|||
Balance
as of December 31, 2007
|
$
|
4,359
|
36
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
6.
|
Accruals
and Other Current Liabilities (in
thousands):
|
|
December 31,
|
||||||
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||
Sales
commissions and incentives
|
$
|
445
|
$
|
445
|
|||
Accrued
warranty expense
|
212
|
230
|
|||||
Accrued
and accounting fees
|
302
|
29
|
|||||
Accrued
employee benefits
|
260
|
418
|
|||||
Accrued
payables—related parties
|
—
|
81
|
|||||
Accrued
rent
|
19
|
57
|
|||||
Accrued
taxes
|
116
|
45
|
|||||
Others
|
119
|
366
|
|||||
|
$
|
1,473
|
$
|
1,671
|
7.
|
Bank
Borrowings
|
The
company’s bank line of credit in the United States is based on an agreement with
Silicon Valley Bank dated August 15, 2005. It was amended on September 25,
2006,
August 15, 2007, and again on October 31, 2007. This most recent amendment
is
retroactive to September 30, 2007, and has extended the credit agreement through
December 31, 2007. This credit facility is for $5,000,000. The interest rate
was
7.75% at December 31, 2007, and 8.75% at December 31, 2006. The rate is the
same
for both the term loan and line of credit in both periods.. On December 31,
2005, this agreement was amended and restated to include an additional
$3,000,000 term loan line of credit for equipment purchases. This agreement
calls for repayment of principal in equal amounts over four years from the
date
of purchase of the equipment and has an interest rate of prime plus 0.5% if
the
quick ratio is greater than 1.5 and prime plus 1.5% if the quick ratio is at
or
below 1.5. Borrowings under the Silicon Valley Agreement are collateralized
by
the company’s assets and intellectual property. Specific borrowings under the
revolver are tied to accounts receivable, and the company is required to comply
with certain covenants with respect to effective net worth and financial ratios.
The company had borrowings under the revolving line of credit of $973,000 at
December 31, 2007, and $1,000,000 at December 31, 2006. The revolving line
of
credit is a current liability. The company had total borrowings of $1,672,000
under the term loan portion of the agreement as of December 31, 2007, which,
according to the most recent amendment, has been classified as a current
liability. At December 31, 2006, the term loan amount was $2,261,000. The
company pays an unused line fee of 0.25% against any unused daily balance during
the year.
On
October 15, 2007, it was determined that both Silicon Valley Bank and the
company incorrectly had calculated the tangible net worth covenant for 2007.
When recalculation of the tangible net worth covenant was accomplished, it
was
determined that the company had failed to satisfy the tangible net worth
covenant for the months of April 2007 through September 2007. The company then
entered into a fourth amendment to the agreement, which waived all
non-compliance with the covenant, amended and restated the covenant, and
extended the maturity date of the line of credit through December 31, 2007.
On
January 29, 2008, the company entered into a fifth amendment, retroactively
effective for December 30, 2007. Under this new agreement, all advances became
due on February 29, 2008. The maturity schedule for borrowings reflects this
change. On March 14, 2008, our company entered into a sixth amendment with
Silicon Valley Bank which extends the due date to April 30, 2008.
Through
the company’s U.K. subsidiary, it maintains a bank overdraft facility of
$496,000 (in U.K. pounds sterling, based on the exchange rate at December 31,
2007) under an agreement with Lloyds Bank Plc. There were no borrowings against
this facility as of December 31, 2007, or December 31, 2006. The facility is
renewed annually on January 1. The rate on the facility was 7.75% at December
31, 2007, and 7.25% at December 31, 2006.
Through
the company’s German subsidiary, it maintains a credit facility under an
agreement with Sparkasse Neumarkt Bank. This credit facility was put in place
to
finance the building of new offices in Berching, Germany, which are owned and
occupied by the company’s German subsidiary. As of December 31, 2007, the
company had borrowings of $368,000 (in Euros, based on the exchange rate at
December 31, 2007) and $379,000 as of December 31, 2006 (in Euros, based on
the
exchange rate at December 31, 2006) against this credit facility. The interest
rate was 5.49% at December 31, 2007, and 5.35% as of December 31, 2006. In
addition, the company’s German subsidiary has a revolving line of credit for
$219,000 (in Euros, based on the exchange rate at December 31, 2007) with
Sparkasse Neumarkt Bank. As of December 31, 2007, there were borrowings against
this facility of $186,000, compared to $124,000 at December 31, 2006. The
revolving facility is renewed annually on January 1. Interest rates on this
line
of credit were 10.75% at December 31, 2007, and 9.75% at December 31, 2006.
The
$186,000 revolving line of credit is a current liability.
37
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
Future
maturities of remaining borrowings are (in
thousands):
U.S.A.
|
|
Germany
|
|
Total
|
||||||
Year Ending December 31,
|
||||||||||
2008
|
$
|
2,645
|
$
|
240
|
$
|
2,885
|
||||
2009
|
—
|
57
|
57
|
|||||||
2010
|
—
|
60
|
60
|
|||||||
2011
|
—
|
64
|
64
|
|||||||
2012
|
—
|
67
|
67
|
|||||||
2013
and Thereafter
|
—
|
66
|
66
|
|||||||
Total
Commitment
|
$
|
2,645
|
$
|
554
|
$
|
3,199
|
8.
|
Commitments
and Contingencies
|
The
company occupies manufacturing and office facilities under non-cancelable
operating leases expiring through 2017 under which it is responsible for related
maintenance, taxes, and insurance. Minimum lease commitments under the leases
are as follows
(in
thousands):
Gross
Lease
Commitments
|
Sublease
Payments
|
Minimum Lease
Commitments
|
||||||||
Year Ending December 31,
|
||||||||||
2008
|
$
|
968
|
$
|
(33
|
)
|
$
|
935
|
|||
2009
|
945
|
—
|
945
|
|||||||
2010
|
797
|
—
|
797
|
|||||||
2011
|
282
|
—
|
282
|
|||||||
2012
—
2017
|
297
|
—
|
297
|
|||||||
Total
minimum lease payments
|
$
|
3,289
|
$
|
(33
|
)
|
$
|
3,256
|
These
leases included certain escalation clauses; thus, rent expense was recorded
on a
straight-line basis. Consolidated net rent expense approximated $998,000,
$828,000, and $1,026,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and
2005, respectively. Beginning in 2006, a portion of our Solon facility has
been
subleased. For 2007 and 2006, the gross rent was reduced by $75,000 and $67,000
of sublease rentals, respectively.
At
December 31, 2007, a letter of credit in the amount of $316,000 was held by
the company on behalf of Sparkasse Neumarkt Bank. The letter of credit would
be
drawn against the company’s line of credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank in
the event of a default by the company’s German subsidiary, LBM, on its
outstanding loan with Sparkasse Neumarkt Bank.
9.
|
Shareholders’
Equity
|
Common
Stock
The
company did not have any notes receivable from shareholders in 2007. During
2006, the company had a shareholder note receivable of $62,000 for warrants
exercised in 2005 and paid for in 2006.
38
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
Warrants
There
have been no warrants issued by the company in 2007, 2006, and 2005. Warrants
were issued in 2000 as part of acquisitions, and in 2002 and 2003 as part of
stock-based financings. There have been no warrants issued to employees,
directors, or consultants for compensation purposes. All warrants are fully
vested and exercisable. All warrants will expire on June 17, 2008. The activity
relating to previously issued warrant activity is as follows:
Warrants
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
Warrants
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
Shares
|
|
Exercise
Price
|
|
Exercisable
|
|
Amount
|
|||||
(in
thousands)
|
|||||||||||||
Balance,
December 31, 2004
|
1,016,002
|
$
|
0.01
- $5.563
|
586,002
|
$
|
2,535
|
|||||||
Warrants
vested
|
—
|
$
|
0.01
- $5.563
|
427,269
|
—
|
||||||||
Warrants
exercised
|
(587,374
|
)
|
$
|
0.01
- $5.563
|
(587,374
|
)
|
(625
|
)
|
|||||
Warrants
cancelled
|
(17,877
|
)
|
$
|
5.563
|
(15,146
|
)
|
(73
|
)
|
|||||
Balance,
December 31, 2005
|
410,751
|
$
|
4.30
- $4.50
|
410,751
|
$
|
1,837
|
|||||||
Warrants
exercised
|
(13,800
|
)
|
$
|
4.50
|
(13,800
|
)
|
(62
|
)
|
|||||
Balance,
December 31, 2006
|
396,951
|
$
|
4.30
- $4.50
|
396,951
|
$
|
1,775
|
|||||||
Warrants
exercised
|
(85,478
|
)
|
$
|
0.01
- $5.563
|
(85,478
|
)
|
(295
|
)
|
|||||
Warrants
cancelled
|
(40,274
|
)
|
$
|
0.01
- $5.563
|
(40,274
|
)
|
(260
|
)
|
|||||
Balance,
December 31, 2007
|
271,199
|
$
|
4.30
- $4.50
|
271,199
|
$
|
1,220
|
1988
Stock Option Plan
Upon
adoption of the 1994 Stock Option Plan (see below), the company’s Board of
Directors determined to make no further grants under the 1988 Stock Option
Plan
(the 1988 Plan). Upon cancellation or expiration of any options granted under
the 1988 Plan, the related reserved shares of common stock became available
instead for options granted under the 1994 Stock Option Plan, and, after
May 19, 2004, under our 2004 Stock Incentive Plan.
1994
Directors’ Stock Option Plan
At
December 31, 2004, a total of 400,000 shares of common stock had been
reserved for issuance under the 1994 Directors’ Stock Option Plan. The plan
provided for the granting of nonstatutory stock options to non-employee
directors of the company. This plan was terminated on May 19,
2004.
1994
Stock Option Plan
At
December 31, 2004, an aggregate of 1,550,000 shares of the company’s common
stock had been reserved for issuance and were issued under the 1994 Stock Option
Plan to employees, officers, and consultants at prices not lower than the fair
market value of the common stock of the company on the date of grant in the
case
of incentive stock options and not lower than 85% of the fair market value
on
the date of grant in the case of non-statutory stock options. Options granted
may be either incentive stock options or nonstatutory stock options. The plan
administrator (the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board) determines
the terms of options granted under the plan, including the number of shares
subject to the option, exercise price, term, and exercisability. This plan
was
terminated on May 19, 2004.
2004
Stock Incentive Plan
A
total
of 1,000,000 shares of common stock had been reserved for issuance under the
2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. On May 19, 2004, the shareholders
approved the 2004 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2004 Plan”). The stated purpose of
the 2004 Plan is to promote the long-term success of the Company and the
creation of stockholder value by (a) encouraging employees, outside
directors, and consultants to focus on critical long-range objectives;
(b) encouraging the attraction and retention of employees, outside
directors, and consultants with exceptional qualifications; and (c) linking
employees, outside directors, and consultants directly to stockholder interests
through increased stock ownership. The 2004 Plan seeks to achieve this purpose
by providing for awards in the form of restricted shares, stock units, options
(which may constitute incentive stock options or nonstatutory stock options),
or
stock appreciation rights. An aggregate of 500,000 shares of the company’s
common stock was reserved for issuance under the 2004 Plan on May 19, 2004.
On June 15, 2006, the shareholders reserved an additional 500,000 shares of
the
company’s common stock for issuance under the 2004 Plan.
39
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
Option
activity under all plans comprised:
|
|
Options
Available
|
|
Number
of Shares
|
|
Weighted
Average
Exercise
|
|
|||
|
|
for
Grant
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
Price
Per Share
|
||||
(in
thousands)
|
(in
thousands)
|
|||||||||
Balance,
December 31, 2004
|
311
|
1,154
|
$
|
5.56
|
||||||
Granted
|
(376
|
)
|
376
|
$
|
9.88
|
|||||
Cancelled
|
79
|
(79
|
)
|
$
|
5.50
|
|||||
Exercised
|
—
|
(376
|
)
|
$
|
8.95
|
|||||
Balance,
December 31, 2005
|
14
|
1,075
|
$
|
6.48
|
||||||
Granted
|
(330
|
)
|
330
|
$
|
7.12
|
|||||
Cancelled
|
6
|
(6
|
)
|
$
|
5.52
|
|||||
Exercised
|
—
|
(106
|
)
|
$
|
5.36
|
|||||
Additional
shares reserved
|
500
|
—
|
$
|
—
|
||||||
Balance,
December 31, 2006
|
190
|
1,293
|
$
|
7.00
|
||||||
Granted
|
(189
|
)
|
189
|
$
|
6.24
|
|||||
Cancelled
|
153
|
(153
|
)
|
$
|
6.77
|
|||||
Exercised
|
—
|
(140
|
)
|
$
|
4.66
|
|||||
Balance,
December 31, 2007
|
154
|
1,189
|
$
|
7.19
|
At
December 31, 2007, options to purchase 784,000 shares of common stock were
exercisable at a weighted-average fair value of $2.75, and a total intrinsic
value of $764,000. At December 31, 2007, total outstanding shares were
1,189,000, with a weighted-average fair value of $3.01, and a total intrinsic
value of $991,000.
OPTIONS
CURRENTLY
|
|||||||||||||||||||
OPTIONS
OUTSTANDING
|
|
EXERCISABLE
|
|
||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Weighted-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
Weighted-
|
|
||||||
|
|
Number
|
|
Remaining
|
|
Weighted
|
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
Average
|
|
||||||
Range
of
|
|
of
Shares
|
|
Contractual
|
|
Average
|
|
Number
|
|
Contractual
|
|
Exercise
|
|
||||||
Exercise
Prices
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
Life
|
|
Exercise
Price
|
|
Exercisable
|
|
Life
|
|
Price
|
|||||||
(in
thousands)
|
|
(in
years)
|
|
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
(in
years)
|
|||||||||||
$2.95
- $4.80
|
199
|
3.6
|
$
|
3.88
|
189
|
3.6
|
$
|
3.85
|
|||||||||||
$5.25
- $7.19
|
409
|
7.9
|
$
|
6.47
|
166
|
6.0
|
$
|
6.52
|
|||||||||||
$7.23
- $9.50
|
305
|
7.1
|
$
|
7.68
|
238
|
6.8
|
$
|
7.77
|
|||||||||||
$9.60
- 12.00
|
276
|
7.5
|
$
|
10.09
|
191
|
7.5
|
$
|
10.25
|
|||||||||||
1,189
|
784
|
1994
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
A
total
of 150,000 shares of common stock had been reserved for issuance under the
1994
Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The plan permits eligible employees to purchase
common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to the lower of 85%
of
the fair market value of the company’s common stock at the beginning or end of
the offering period. Employees may end their participation at any time during
the offering period, and participation ends automatically on termination of
employment with the company. On June 15, 2006, the shareholders reserved an
additional 50,000 shares of the company’s common stock for issuance under the
1994 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. At December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005,
97,831 shares, 94,614 shares, and 90,306 shares had been issued under this
plan,
respectively.
40
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
Shareholder
Rights Plan
On
September 12, 2001, the Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution
of one “Right” for each outstanding share of common stock of the company to
shareholders of record at the close of business on September 26, 2002. One
Right also will attach to each share of common stock issued by the company
subsequent to such date and prior to the distribution date defined below. With
certain exceptions, each Right, when exercisable, entitles the registered holder
to purchase from the company one one-thousandth of a share of a new series
of
preferred stock, designated as Series A Participating Preferred Stock, at a
price of $30.00 per one one-thousandth of a share, subject to adjustment. The
Rights were distributed as a non-taxable dividend and expire ten years from
the
date of the Rights Plan. In general, the Rights will become exercisable and
trade independently from the common stock on a distribution date that will
occur
on the earlier of (i) the public announcement of the acquisition by a
person or group of 15% or more of the common stock or (ii) 10 days after
commencement of a tender or exchange offer for the common stock that would
result in the acquisition of 15% or more of the common stock. Upon the
occurrence of certain other events related to changes in ownership of the common
stock, each holder of a Right would be entitled to purchase shares of common
stock, or an acquiring corporation’s common stock, having a market value of
twice the exercise price. Under certain conditions, the Rights may be redeemed
at $0.001 per Right by the Board of Directors.
The
description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement dated
as
of September 20, 2002, between the company and Mellon Investor Services
LLC, as rights agent. On
March
12, 2008, as part of a private placement of shares of common stock and
warrants to a number of existing shareholders; with the largest portion being
purchased by the Quercus Trust of Costa Mesa, California, the company and Mellon
Investor Services, LLC amended the agreement to increase the 15% ceiling noted
above to 20% for the Trust and persons who are beneficial owners through the
Trust without triggering the rights under the agreement.
Follow-On
2005 Stock Offering
On
November 8, 2005, the company closed a follow-on offering, selling
2,500,000 new shares of common stock at a price of $8.25. The purchase price
of
the common stock was set at $8.25 per share on November 2, 2005, which
was approximately a 5% discount on the closing price on that day. On
November 11, 2005, the company announced that the underwriters had
exercised their option to sell an additional 452,497 shares of common stock
for
$8.25 as part of the offering. The gross amount raised was $24.4 million from
the selling of 2,952,497 new shares before costs and expenses. The net amount
received by the company after deducting 6% in underwriters’ fees and legal,
accounting, and other costs was $22,174,000.
10.
|
Income
Taxes
|
The
company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation 48, Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes— an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, on
January 1, 2007. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement
attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax
position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Guidance also is
provided on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting
in
interim periods, and disclosure and transition. Based on the company’s
evaluation, there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring
recognition in the company’s financial statements. There was no effect on
financial condition or results of operations as a result of implementing
FIN 48 to all tax positions for which the statute of limitation remained
open, and the company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits. At
December 31, 2007, there have been no changes to the liability for
uncertain tax positions, and there are no unrecognized tax
benefits.
The
company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, as well
as in various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the company
is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, and local, or
non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before
2004.
The
company’s policy is to reflect interest expense related to uncertain income tax
positions as part of income tax expense, when and if they become
applicable.
The
components of the benefit from (provision for) income taxes are as follows
(in thousands):
Years
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
||||||
Current
|
||||||||||
Federal
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
—
|
||||
Foreign
|
(13
|
)
|
(50
|
)
|
(107
|
)
|
||||
State
|
—
|
—
|
(2
|
)
|
||||||
(13
|
)
|
(50
|
)
|
(109
|
)
|
|||||
Deferred
|
||||||||||
Federal
|
(162
|
)
|
(74
|
)
|
—
|
|||||
Foreign
|
—
|
12
|
—
|
|||||||
State
|
(15
|
)
|
(1
|
)
|
—
|
|||||
(177
|
)
|
(63
|
)
|
—
|
||||||
Provision
for income taxes
|
$
|
(190
|
)
|
$
|
(113
|
)
|
$
|
(109
|
)
|
41
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
The
following table shows the geographic components of pretax income (loss) between
United States and foreign subsidiaries (in
thousands):
December
31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
||||||
United
States
|
$
|
(10,593
|
)
|
$
|
(9,510
|
)
|
$
|
(7,714
|
)
|
|
Foreign
subsidiaries
|
(534
|
)
|
(27
|
)
|
400
|
|||||
$
|
(11,127
|
)
|
$
|
(9,537
|
)
|
$
|
(7,314
|
)
|
The
principal items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed
at
the United States statutory rate and the benefit from (provision for) income
taxes reflected in the statements of operations are as follows:
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||
|
2007
|
2006
|
2005
|
|||||||
United
States statutory rate
|
34.0
|
%
|
34.0
|
%
|
34.0
|
%
|
||||
State
Taxes (net of federal tax benefit)
|
1.9
|
%
|
2.0
|
%
|
5.5
|
%
|
||||
Valuation
allowance
|
(38.2
|
)%
|
(39.0
|
)%
|
(46.5
|
)%
|
||||
Other
|
0.6
|
%
|
1.8
|
%
|
5.5
|
%
|
||||
|
(1.7
|
)%
|
(1.2
|
)%
|
(1.5
|
)%
|
The
tax
effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of
the
deferred tax assets are as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
|
||||||||||
|
2007
|
2006
|
2005
|
|||||||
Allowance
for doubtful accounts
|
$
|
218
|
$
|
113
|
$
|
99
|
||||
Accrued
expenses and other reserves
|
1,233
|
1,097
|
1,681
|
|||||||
Tax
credits, Deferred R&D, and other
|
202
|
154
|
352
|
|||||||
Net
operating loss
|
12,413
|
8,328
|
4,617
|
|||||||
Valuation
allowance
|
(14,054
|
)
|
(9,680
|
)
|
(6,749
|
)
|
||||
Total
deferred tax asset
|
12
|
12
|
—
|
|||||||
Deferred
tax liabilities associated with indefinite-lived
intangibles
|
(252
|
)
|
(75
|
)
|
—
|
|||||
Net
total deferred taxes
|
$
|
(240
|
)
|
$
|
(63
|
)
|
$
|
—
|
The
company has a full valuation allowance against its United States and German
deferred tax assets. The net deferred tax assets for 2007 amounted to $12,000
and were for the company’s United Kingdom subsidiary, which had a loss in 2007
after being profitable for several years. The net deferred liabilities were
$252,000 at December 31, 2007, compared to $75,000 at December 31, 2006. There
were no tax expenses for the United States operations in 2007, as any expected
benefits were offset by an increase in the valuation allowance. No tax benefits
were recorded for the 2007 German operations loss. The deferred tax provision
for 2007 and 2006 resulted from tax amortization of intangible assets with
indefinite lives for book purposes. In 2007 and 2006, cumulative tax
amortization exceeded book amortization that had been previously recorded
resulting in the requirement to record a deferred tax liability of $252,000
and
$75,000 at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 respectively.
As
of
December 31, 2007, the company has a net operating loss carry-forward of
approximately $33,500,000 and $34,400,000 million for federal and
state and local income tax purposes, respectively. If not utilized, these
carry-forwards will begin to expire in 2020 for federal and 2008 for state
purposes.
Under
the
Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the amounts of and benefits from net
operating losses carry-forwards may be impaired in certain circumstances. Events
that cause limitations in the amount of net operating losses that the company
may utilize in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative
ownership change of more than 50%, as defined, over a three-year period. A
valuation allowance is recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence,
it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset
will not be realized. A valuation allowance has been provided because it is
more
likely than not that the deferred tax assets relating to certain of the federal
and state loss carryforwards will not be realized.
42
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
11.
|
Segments
and Geographic Information
|
The
company has two primary product lines: the pool lighting product line and the
commercial lighting product line, each of which markets and sells fiber optic
lighting products. The company markets its products for worldwide distribution
primarily through independent sales representatives, distributors, and swimming
pool builders in North America, Europe, and the Far East.
A
summary
of geographic sales is as follows (in thousands):
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|||||||||
|
2007
|
2006
|
2005
|
|||||||
United
States Domestic
|
$
|
14,949
|
$
|
18,776
|
$
|
19,123
|
||||
Other
Countries
|
7,949
|
8,260
|
9,214
|
|||||||
|
$
|
22,898
|
$
|
27,036
|
$
|
28,337
|
A
summary
of geographic long-lived assets (fixed assets and goodwill) is as follows
(in thousands):
|
December 31,
|
||||||
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||
United
States Domestic
|
$
|
7,791
|
$
|
8,406
|
|||
Germany
|
1,773
|
1,674
|
|||||
Other
Countries
|
111
|
145
|
|||||
|
$
|
9,675
|
$
|
10,225
|
A
summary
of sales by product line is as follows (in
thousands):
|
Years Ended December 31,
|
|||||||||
|
2007
|
2006
|
2005
|
|||||||
Pool
Lighting
|
$
|
11,002
|
$
|
13,364
|
$
|
14,744
|
||||
Commercial
Lighting
|
11,896
|
13,672
|
13,593
|
|||||||
|
$
|
22,898
|
$
|
27,036
|
$
|
28,337
|
12.
|
Employee
Retirement Plan
|
The
company maintains a 401(k) profit-sharing plan for its employees who meet
certain qualifications. The Plan allows eligible employees to defer up to 15%
of
their earnings, not to exceed the statutory amount per year on a pretax basis,
through contributions to the Plan. The Plan provides for employer contributions
at the discretion of the Board of Directors; however, no such contributions
were
made in 2007, 2006, or 2005.
13.
|
Reorganization
and Restructuring
|
On
May 8,
2007, Energy Focus, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Fiberstars, Inc., was
merged into Fiberstars, Inc. As a result of this merger, the name of Fiberstars,
Inc. was changed to Energy Focus, Inc. Existing certificates for shares of
the
company, bearing the name Fiberstars, Inc., will continue to be valid
certificates for Energy Focus, Inc., and no action is required by the
shareholders as a result of the name change.
During
2007, the company moved the fiber production operation from Mexico to Solon,
Ohio. The cost associated with this move was $456,000.
During
2006, the company charged to operations $734,000 for costs associated with
moving its operations from Fremont, California to Solon, Ohio.
In
2005,
the company closed its offices in Fremont, California and consolidated its
operations in Solon, Ohio, where the company already had a local sales office
and manufacturing facility. The company recognized a $3,120,000 restructuring
charge in 2005. The company did not have any liabilities for remaining
restructuring costs at either December 31, 2007 or 2006,
respectively.
43
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
December
31, 2007, 2006, and
2005
14.
|
Related
Party Transactions
|
The
company entered into a consulting agreement with Jeffrey H. Brite, a member
of
its Board of Directors, on November 1, 2004. This agreement ended on March
7,
2007, upon Jeffrey H. Brite’s resignation as a member of the Board of Directors.
As a consultant under this agreement, Mr. Brite assisted the company in various
capacities. In return, the company compensated Mr. Brite with the award of
an
option for the acquisition of up to 40,000 shares of its common stock at a
per-share exercise price of $7.23, which was expensed during 2004, and with
annual aggregate cash payments of $50,000 paid in quarterly installments during
each of the years 2005, 2006, and part of 2007. Payments for the twelve months
ending December 31, 2007, were $13,690, compared to $50,000 in 2006 and 2005,
respectively.
Gensler
Architecture, Design, and Planning, P.C., a New York professional corporation
(“Gensler”), provided contract services to the company since December 15, 2004.
Mr. Jeffrey Brite, an employee of Gensler, was a member of the company’s Board
of Directors through March 7, 2007. Since his resignation, the contract with
Gensler has been terminated as well. The company had entered into a three-year
consulting agreement with Gensler for design- and marketing-related matters.
In
return, the company compensated Gensler with a one-time cash payment in 2005
of
$60,750 and a $50,000 annual cash payment paid in quarterly installments of
$12,500 in arrears for each of the calendar years 2005, 2006, and part of 2007.
Also, there was a one-time option award for acquiring up to 75,000 shares of
the
company’s common stock at a per-share exercise price of $6.57, which was
expensed in 2006 under FAS 123(R). No payments were made in the fourth quarter
of 2007 to Gensler, but the company accrued expenses of $12,500. Payments total
$37,500 for the twelve months ending December 31, 2007, compared to $50,000
in
2006 and 2005, respectively.
On
July
1, 2005, David Ruckert, the company’s CEO, resigned as CEO and served as
president and director through September 30, 2005, after which he served as
director. Mr. Ruckert signed a severance agreement with the company that was
effective July 1, 2005, and which resulted in a payment of $332,076 upon his
departure as an employee on October 1, 2005.
On
February 3, 2006, the company had entered into a consulting agreement with
David
Ruckert, a member of its Board of Directors. Additionally, Mr. Ruckert was
granted options to purchase 32,000 shares of the company’s common stock. Stock
expense incurred under FAS 123(R) related to these options was $30,000 during
2007, compared to $15,000 during 2006.This agreement was terminated on June
30,
2007. Mr. Ruckert was paid $110,000 during 2006 and $76,000 during 2007 under
this agreement.
On
March
14, 2008, the company received an additional $9,500,000 in equity financing,
net
of expenses. The investment was made by several current Energy Focus
shareholders, including four members of the Board of Directors. These investors
agreed to an at-market purchase of approximately 3.1 million units for $3.205
per unit, based on the closing bid price of Energy Focus common shares on
March
13, 2008 of $3.08. Each unit comprises one share of the Company’s common stock,
par value $0.0001 per share, and one warrant to purchase one share of the
Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.08 per share. The warrants are
immediately separable from the units and immediately exercisable, and will
expire five years after the date of their issuance. This additional financing
will be used to fund working capital, pay debt and perform additional research
and development. The company received 100% of the funds from escrow on March
17,
2008. Among the investors were Ronald A. Casentini, John M.Davenport, John
B.
Stuppin and Philip Wolfson, all of whom are members of our Board of Directors
and who invested approximately $100,000 in the aggregate.
15.
|
Subsequent
Event: Supplemental Equity Financing
|
On
March
14, 2008, the company received an additional $9,500,000 in equity
financing, net of expenses. The investment was made by several
current Energy Focus shareholders, including four members of the Board
of Directors. These investors agreed to an at-market purchase of approximately
3.1 million units for $3.205 per unit, based on the closing bid price of Energy
Focus common shares on March 13, 2008 of $3.08. Each unit comprises one share
of
the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and one warrant to
purchase one share of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $3.08
per share. The warrants are immediately separable from the units and immediately
exercisable, and will expire five years after the date of their issuance. This
additional financing will be used to fund working capital, pay debt and perform
additional research and development. The company received 100% of the
funds from escrow on March 17, 2008.
44
Supplementary
Financial Information to Item 8
The
following table sets forth our selected unaudited financial information for
the
eight quarters in the period ended December 31, 2007. This information has
been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements and, in
the
opinion of management, contains all adjustments necessary for a fair
presentation thereof.
Any
variations from year to date amounts reported in this report are a result of
rounding.
(IN
THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER-SHARE DATA)
2007 QUARTERS ENDED
|
DEC. 31
|
SEP. 30
|
JUN. 30
|
MAR. 31
|
|||||||||
Net
sales
|
$
|
5,440
|
$
|
5,745
|
$
|
6,704
|
$
|
5,009
|
|||||
Gross
profit
|
543
|
1,988
|
2,280
|
1,470
|
|||||||||
As
a percent of net sales
|
10.0
|
%
|
34.6
|
%
|
34.0
|
%
|
29.4
|
%
|
|||||
Net
income (loss)
|
(3,665
|
)
|
(3,175
|
)
|
(1,870
|
)
|
(2,606
|
)
|
|||||
As
a of net sales
|
(67.4
|
)%
|
(55.3
|
)%
|
(27.9
|
)%
|
(52.0
|
)%
|
|||||
Net
income (loss) per share:
|
|||||||||||||
Basic
|
$
|
(0.31
|
)
|
$
|
(0.28
|
)
|
$
|
(016
|
)
|
$
|
(0.23
|
)
|
|
Diluted
|
$
|
(0.31
|
)
|
$
|
(0.28
|
)
|
$
|
(0.16
|
)
|
$
|
(0.23
|
)
|
2006 QUARTERS ENDED
|
DEC. 31
|
SEP. 30
|
JUN. 30
|
MAR. 31
|
|||||||||
Net
sales
|
$
|
7,191
|
$
|
6,808
|
$
|
7,709
|
$
|
5,327
|
|||||
Gross
profit
|
1,819
|
2,036
|
2,328
|
1,602
|
|||||||||
As
a percent of net sales
|
25.3
|
%
|
29.9
|
%
|
30.2
|
%
|
30.0
|
%
|
|||||
Net
income (loss)
|
(2,784
|
)
|
(2,125
|
)
|
(2,299
|
)
|
(2,441
|
)
|
|||||
As
a percent of net sales
|
(38.7
|
)%
|
(31.2
|
)%
|
(29.8
|
)%
|
(45.8
|
)%
|
|||||
Net
income (loss) per share:
|
|
||||||||||||
Basic
|
$
|
(0.24
|
)
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
$
|
(0.20
|
)
|
$
|
(0.22
|
)
|
|
Diluted
|
$
|
(0.24
|
)
|
$
|
(0.19
|
)
|
$
|
(0.20
|
)
|
$
|
0.22
|
)
|
45
None
(a)
|
Evaluation
of disclosure controls and procedures.
|
We
maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule
13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that
are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in
reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and
Exchange Commission rules and forms and that such information is accumulated
and
communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required
disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures,
management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how
well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute,
assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are
met.
Our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to meet, and
management believes that they meet, reasonable assurance standards.
Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management
necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit
relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. Any design of
disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain
assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance
that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential
future conditions.
Based
on
their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Report on Form
10-K, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded
that, subject to the limitations noted above, our disclosure controls and
procedures were effective to ensure that material information relating to us,
including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to them by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this report on Form
10-K
was being prepared.
(b)
Changes in internal control over financial reporting.
There
were significant changes made to the financial organization during the third
quarter with the consolidation of the Chief Financial Officer and controller
positions into one position held by the current Chief Financial Officer. Even
though internal controls have not been affected materially by this
consolidation, we reviewed and tested our internal control environment as a
result of this change and other changes within the organization. While nominal
issues were identified within the segregation of duties arena, we experienced
no
material deficiencies in our internal control environment over financial
reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act).
Management’s
Report on Internal
Controls over Financial Reporting
The
management of Energy Focus, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such a term is defined
in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation
of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial
officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control
over financial reporting based upon criteria set forth by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal
Control—Integrated Framework (COSO framework).
An
effective internal control system, no matter how well designed, has inherent
limitations, including the possibility of human error and circumvention or
overriding of controls; therefore, it can provide only reasonable assurance
with
respect to reliable financial reporting. Furthermore, effectiveness of an
internal control system in future periods can not be guaranteed, because the
design of any system of internal controls is based in part upon assumptions
about the likelihood of future events. There can be no assurance that any
control design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential
future conditions. Over time, certain controls may become inadequate because
of
changes in business conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies and
procedures may deteriorate. As such, misstatements due to error or fraud may
occur and not be detected.
Based
upon our evaluation under the COSO framework, management concluded that internal
control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007.
Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued
an attestation report dated March 17, 2008, on the effectiveness of Energy
Focus, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting, which is included
herein.
46
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Board
of
Directors and Shareholders
Energy
Focus, Inc.
We
have
audited Energy Focus, Inc.’s (a Delaware Corporation) and subsidiaries
(collectively the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal
Control—Integrated Framework
issued
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal
control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness
of
internal control over financial reporting, included in the
accompanying Management’s
Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting.
Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we
plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective
internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control
over
financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing
and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based
on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered
necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable
basis for our opinion.
A
company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain
to
the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors
of
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s
assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may
not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In
our
opinion, Energy Focus, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on
criteria established in Internal
Control—Integrated Framework
issued
by COSO.
We
also
have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company
and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related
consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss),
shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 2007 and our report dated March 17, 2008 expressed an
unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/
GRANT
THORNTON LLP
Cleveland,
Ohio
March
17,
2008
47
On
May 8,
2007, Energy Focus, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Fiberstars, Inc., was
merged into Fiberstars, Inc. As a result of this merger, the name of Fiberstars,
Inc. was changed to Energy Focus, Inc. Existing certificates for shares of
the
company bearing the name Fiberstars, Inc. will continue to be valid certificates
for Energy Focus, Inc., and no action is required by the shareholders as a
result of the name change.
On
March
14, 2008, the company received an additional $9,500,000 million in equity
financing, net of expenses. The investment was made by several current Energy
Focus shareholders, including four members of the Board of Directors. These
investors agreed to an at-market purchase of approximately 3.1 million units
for
$3.205 per unit, based on the closing bid price of Energy Focus common shares
on
March 13, 2008 of $3.08. Each unit comprises one share of the Company’s
common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and one warrant to purchase one
share
of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.08 per share. The
warrants are immediately separable from the units and immediately exercisable,
and will expire five years after the date of their issuance. This additional
financing will be used to fund working capital, pay debt and perform additional
research and development. The company received 100% of the funds from escrow
on
march 17, 2008.
48
PART III
Directors
The
information regarding our directors is set forth under the caption entitled
“Election of Directors” in our Proxy Statement for our 2008 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders and is incorporated by reference.
There
were no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may
recommend nominees to our Board of Directors during 2007.
Executive
Officers
The
information regarding our executive officers is set forth under the caption
entitled “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part I, Item 4, of this
report and is incorporated by reference.
Section
16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
The
information regarding compliance with Section 16 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 is set forth under the caption entitled “Section 16(a)
Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement and is
incorporated by reference.
Audit
Committee
The
information regarding the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and the
information regarding “Audit Committee Financial Experts” are set forth under
the caption entitled “Committees of the Board” in our Proxy Statement and is
incorporated by reference.
Code
of Ethics
We
have
adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, which applies to all of our
directors, officers, and employees. Our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct
is
on our website at www.efoi.com. Any person may receive a copy without charge
by
writing to us at Energy Focus, Inc., 32000 Aurora Road, Solon, Ohio 44139,
Attention: Secretary.
We
intend
to disclose on our website any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision
of our
Business Ethics Policy that applies to our directors and executive officers,
including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer,
principal accounting officer or controller, or any persons performing similar
functions, and that is required to be publicly disclosed pursuant to the
rules
of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The
information required by this item is incorporated by reference herein from
the
information provided in the sections captioned “Executive Compensation and Other
Information” in our Proxy Statement.
The
information about security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management
required by this item is incorporated by reference herein from the information
provided in the sections captioned “Security
Ownership of Principal Shareholders and Management”
and
“Equity
Compensation Plan Information”
in
our
Proxy Statement.
The
information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity
compensation plans required by this item is incorporated by reference herein
from the information provided in the section captioned “Equity Compensation Plan
Information” in our Proxy Statement.
The
information regarding certain relationships and related transactions required
by
this item is incorporated herein by reference to the information in our
Proxy Statement under the caption “Certain Transactions” and “Director
Independence.”
The
information regarding principal accountant fees and services and the
pre-approval policies and procedures required by this item is incorporated
herein by reference from the information contained in our Proxy Statement
under
the captions “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public
Accountants—Principal Accountant Fees and Services” and “Pre-Approval Policies
and Procedures.”
49
PART IV
(a)
|
(1) Financial
Statements
|
·
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets December 31, 2007 and
2006
|
·
|
Consolidated
Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2007,
2006, and
2005
|
·
|
Consolidated
Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years ended December 21, 2007,
2006, and 2005
|
·
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years ended December 31, 2007,
2006, and
2005
|
·
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years ended December
31,
2007, 2006, and 2005
|
·
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm
|
(2)
Financial
Statements Schedules
Schedule II—Valuation
and Qualifying Accounts is set forth below. All other schedules are omitted
either because they are not applicable or the required information is shown
in
the financial statements or the notes.
SCHEDULE
II
SCHEDULE
OF VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Balance
at
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
Beginning
of
|
|
Charges
|
|
Charges
|
|
|
|
Balance
at
|
|
|||||
Description
|
|
Year
|
|
to
Revenue
|
|
to
Expenses
|
|
Deductions
|
|
End
of
Year
|
||||||
(amounts
in thousands)
|
||||||||||||||||
Year
Ended December 31, 2007
|
||||||||||||||||
Allowance
for doubtful accounts and returns
|
$
|
600
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
338
|
$
|
90
|
$
|
848
|
||||||
Valuation
allowance for deferred tax assets
|
9,680
|
—
|
4,374
|
—
|
14,054
|
|||||||||||
Year
Ended December 31, 2006
|
||||||||||||||||
Allowance
for doubtful accounts and returns
|
448
|
—
|
220
|
68
|
600
|
|||||||||||
Valuation
allowance for deferred tax Assets
|
6,749
|
—
|
2,931
|
—
|
9,680
|
|||||||||||
Year
Ended December 31, 2005
|
||||||||||||||||
Allowance
for doubtful accounts and returns
|
381
|
—
|
106
|
39
|
448
|
|||||||||||
Valuation
allowance for deferred tax Assets
|
3,349
|
—
|
3,400
|
—
|
6,749
|
50
(3)
Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
|
|
Description
of Documents
|
2.1
|
|
Agreement
and Plan of Merger between Fiberstars, Inc., a California corporation,
and
Fiberstars, Inc., a Delaware corporation (incorporated by reference
to
Appendix C to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A
filed on May 1, 2006).
|
3.1
|
Certificate
of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to
Appendix
A to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed May
1, 2006).
|
|
3.2
|
|
Certificate
of Designation of Series A Participating Preferred Stock of the
Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s
current report on Form 8K filed on November 27, 2006)
|
3.3
|
|
Bylaws
of the Registrant, (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to
the
Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 27,
2006).
|
4.1
|
|
Form of
Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 27,
2006)
|
4.2
|
|
Rights
Agreement dated as of October 25, 2006, between the Registrant
and Mellon
Investor Services, as rights agent (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed
November 27, 2006).
|
4.3
|
|
Form of
Warrant for the purchase of shares of Common Stock (incorporated
by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form
8-K filed November 27, 2006).
|
10.1†
|
|
Form of
Indemnification Agreement for directors and officers of the Registrant
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s
Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Commission File
No. 33-79116-LA)).
|
10.2†
|
|
1994
Employee Stock Purchase Plan, amended as of December 7, 2000
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s
Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission File
No. 333-52042) filed on December 18, 2000).
|
10.3
|
|
Registration
Rights Agreement dated as of June 27, 1990, between the Registrant
and certain holders of the Registrant’s capital stock, as amended by
Amendment No. 1 dated as of February 6, 1991, and Amendment
No. 2 dated as of April 30, 1994 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on
Form SB-2 (Commission File No. 33-79116-LA)).
|
10.4
|
|
Amendment
No. 3 to Registration Rights Agreement to include Warrant shares as
Registerable Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to
the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Commission File
No. 33-79116-LA))
|
10.5†
|
|
Stock
Purchase Agreement and related Promissory Note between David N.
Ruckert and the Registrant dated as of December 9, 1987, as amended
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant’s
Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Commission File
No. 33-79116-LA))
|
10.6†
|
|
Common
Stock Purchase Warrant dated as of June 27, 1988, issued by the
Registrant to Philip Wolfson (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.15 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on
Form SB-2 (Commission File No. 33-79116-LA))
|
10.7
|
|
Form of
Agreement between the Registrant and independent sales representatives
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant’s
Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Commission File
No. 33-79116-LA))
|
10.8*
|
|
Distribution
Agreement dated March 21, 1995, between the Registrant and Mitsubishi
International Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18
to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended
December 31, 1994)
|
10.9
|
|
Stock
Purchase Agreement dated March 21, 1995, among the Registrant,
Mitsubishi International Corporation and Mitsubishi Corporation
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant’s
Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31,
1994).
|
10.10
|
|
Asset
Purchase Agreement dated as of November 19, 1998, by and among the
Registrant, Hillgate (4) Limited, Crescent Lighting Limited,
Michael Beverly Morrison, and Corinne Bertrand (incorporated by
reference
to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on December 4, 1998)
|
10.11*
|
|
Purchase
and Take-over Agreement between Frau Claudia Mann, acting for
LBM Lichtleit-Fasertechnik, and Fiberstars Deutschland GmbH,
represented by its Managing Director Herr Bernhard Mann (incorporated
by
reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Registrant’s Amended Annual Report
on Form 10-KSB/A for the year ended December 31,
1998)
|
51
10.12
|
|
Agreement
and Plan of Reorganization dated April 18, 2000, between the
Registrant and Lightly Expressed, Ltd. (VA), Lightly Expressed,
Ltd. (CA), William Leaman, and Michael Weber (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2000)
|
10.13*
|
|
Three
(3)-Year Supply Agreement dated November 30, 2000, between the
Registrant and Mitsubishi International Corporation (incorporated
by
reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2000)
|
10.14†
|
|
Consulting
Agreement effective as of October 18, 2001, between the company and
John B. Stuppin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to
the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2001)
|
10.15
|
|
Common
Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated March 29, 2002, by and
among the Registrant and the investors named therein (incorporated
by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,
2002)
|
10.16
|
|
Securities
Purchase Agreement dated June 17, 2003, by and among the Registrant
and the investors named therein (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on June 19, 2003)
|
10.17
|
|
Form of
Warrant by and between the Registrants and each of the investors
party to
the Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 17, 2003 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2003)
|
10.18†
|
|
Form of
Indemnification Agreement for officers of the Registrant (incorporated
by
reference to exhibit 10.42 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2003)
|
10.19
|
|
Form
of Indemnification Agreement for directors of the Registrant (incorporated
by reference to exhibit 10.44 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2003)
|
10.20
|
|
Production
Share Agreement dated October 9, 2003, by and among the Registrant,
North American Production Sharing, Inc., and Industrias Unidas
de B.C.,
S.A. de C.V. (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.45 to the
Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003)
|
10.21
|
|
Consulting
Agreement effective as of November 1, 2004, between the Registrant
and Gensler Architecture, Design, and Planning, P.C. (Incorporated by
reference to exhibit 10.28 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2005)
|
10.22†
|
|
Consulting
Agreement effective as of November 1, 2004, between the Registrant
and Jeffrey H. Brite (Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.29
to the
Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2005)
|
10.23
|
|
Loan
and Security Agreement between Silicon Valley Bank and the Registrant,
dated August 15, 2005 (incorporated by reference from
Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed August 18, 2005)
|
10.24
|
|
Employment
Agreement between the Registrant and John N. Davenport, dated July 1,
2005 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24230) filed on
November 14, 2005)
|
10.25
|
|
Severance
Agreement between the Registrant and David N. Ruckert, dated
September 16, 2005 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3
to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File
No. 000-24230) filed on November 14, 2005)
|
10.26
|
|
Fiberstars
Development Agreement between the Registrant and Advanced Lighting
Technologies, Inc. dated September 19, 2005 (incorporated by
reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24230) filed on November 14,
2005)
|
10.27
|
|
ADLT
Development Agreement between the Registrant and Advanced Lighting
Technologies, Inc. dated September 19, 2005 (incorporated by
reference from Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24230) filed on November 14,
2005)
|
10.28
|
|
Equipment
Purchase and Supply Agreement between the Registrant and Deposition
Services, Inc. dated September 19, 2005 (incorporated by
reference from Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24230) filed on November 14,
2005)
|
10.29
|
|
Cross
License Agreement between the Registrant and Advanced Lighting
Technologies, Inc. dated September 19, 2005 (incorporated by
reference from Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24230) filed on November 14,
2005)
|
52
10.30
|
|
Master
Services Agreement between the Registrant and Advanced Lighting
Technologies, Inc. dated September 19, 2005 (incorporated by
reference from Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24230) filed on November 14,
2005)
|
10.31
|
|
First
Amendment to Production Share Agreement, effective as of August 17,
2005, by and among the Registrant, North American Production
Sharing, Inc., and Industrias Unidas de B.C., S.A. de C.V.
(incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 25,
2005)
|
10.32
|
|
Sublease
between Venture Lighting International, Inc. and the Registrant dated
as of November 11, 2005 (incorporated by reference from
Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K
(File No. 000-24230) filed on November 17,
2005)
|
10.33
|
|
Amended
and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (together with Schedule
to
Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement and Compliance
Certificate) between Fiberstars, Inc. and Silicon Valley Bank dated
December 30, 2005 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1
to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File
No. 000-24230) filed on January 6, 2006)
|
10.34
|
|
Consulting
Agreement by and between Registrant and David N. Ruckert dated as
of
February 3, 2006 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the
Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24230)
filed on May 15, 2006)
|
10.35
|
|
Equipment
and Supply Agreement entered into May 25, 2006, between Fiberstars,
Inc.
and Deposition Sciences, Inc. (incorporated by reference from
Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
(File No. 000-24230) filed on August 11, 2006)
|
10.36
|
|
Modification
to sublease between Fiberstars, Inc. and Keystone Ruby,
LLC. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the
Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24230)
filed on August 11, 2006)
|
10.37
|
|
Amendment
No. 1 To Amended And Restated Loan And Security Agreement between
Fiberstars, Inc. and Silicon Valley Bank dated September 25,
2006. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the
Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 000-24230)
filed on November 14, 2006)
|
10.38
|
First
Amendment to Consulting Agreement by and between Registrant and David
N.
Ruckert dated as of February 3, 2006 (incorporated by reference from
Exhibit 10.32 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on
March 16, 2007)
|
|
10.39
|
Amendment
No. 4 to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between
Silicon
Valley Bank and Registrant dated as of October 1, 2007.
|
|
10.40 |
Amendment
No. 5 to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between
Silicon
Valley bank and Registrant dated as of January 29, 2008.
|
|
10.41
|
Management
Agreement between Barry R. Greenwald and Registrant dated as of October
19, 2007.
|
|
21.1
|
|
Significant
subsidiaries of the Registrant.
|
23.1
|
|
Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
|
24.1
|
Power
of Attorney filed in conjunction with this Report
|
|
31.1
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification
by Chief Executive Officer
|
31.2
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification
by Chief Financial Officer
|
32.1
|
|
Section
1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
|
32.2
|
Section
1350 Certification of Chief Financial
Officer
|
* |
Confidential
treatment has been granted with respect to certain portions of this
agreement.
|
† |
Indicates
management contracts or compensatory plan or
arrangement.
|
53
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.
ENERGY
FOCUS, INC.
|
||
|
|
|
Date:
March 17, 2008
|
By: |
/s/
JOHN M. DAVENPORT
|
John M. Davenport President
and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal
Executive Officer)
|
In
accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed
by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities
indicated on March 17, 2008.
Signature
|
Title
|
|||||
/s/
JOHN M. DAVENPORT
|
|
President,
Chief Executive Officer and Director
|
||||
John
M. Davenport
|
|
(Principal
Executive Officer)
|
||||
/s/
NICHOLAS
G. BERCHTOLD
|
|
Vice
President Finance and Chief Financial Officer
|
||||
Nicholas
G. Berchtold
|
|
(Principal
Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
||||
* JOHN
B. STUPPIN
|
|
Director
|
||||
John
B. Stuppin
|
|
|
||||
* RONALD
CASENTINI
|
|
Director
|
||||
Ronald
Casentini
|
|
|
||||
|
||||||
* MICHAEL
KASPER
|
|
Director
|
||||
Michael
Kasper
|
|
|
||||
* PAUL
VON PAUMGARTTEN
|
|
Director
|
||||
Paul
Von Paumgartten
|
|
|
||||
* DAVID
N. RUCKERT
|
|
Director
|
||||
David
N. Ruckert
|
|
|
||||
*
PHILIP WOLFSON
|
|
Director
|
||||
Philip
Wolfson
|
|
|
The
undersigned, by signing his name, signs this Report on March 17, 2008 on behalf
of the above officers and directors pursuant to a Power of Attorney executed
by
them and filed as an exhibit to this Report.
By:/s/
JOHN M. DAVENPORT
John
M. Davenport, Attorney-in-Fact.
54
EXHIBITS | DESCRIPTION | |
10.39
|
Amendment
No. 4 to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between
Silicon
Valley Bank and Registrant dated as of October 1, 2007.
|
|
10.40 |
Amendment
No. 5 to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between
Silicon
Valley bank and Registrant dated as of January 29, 2008.
|
|
10.41
|
Management
Agreement between Barry R. Greenwald and Registrant dated as of
October
19, 2007.
|
|
21.1
|
|
Significant
subsidiaries of the Registrant.
|
23.1
|
|
Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
|
24.1
|
Power
of Attorney filed in conjunction with this Report
|
|
31.1
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification
by Chief Executive Officer
|
31.2
|
|
Rule 13a-14(a) Certification
by Chief Financial Officer
|
32.1
|
|
Section
1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
|
32.2
|
Section
1350 Certification of Chief Financial
Officer
|
55