Enservco Corp - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

☒	ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

 

☐	TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the transition period from _______ to ______

 

Commission file number: 001-36335

 

 

ENSERVCO CORPORATION

 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

	Delaware		84-0811316
	(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)
	999 18th Street, Suite 1925N Denver, CO		80202
	(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number: (303) 333-3678

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act:

 

Title of each class		Ticker Symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.005 par value		ENSV		NYSE American

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act:  ☐  Yes   ☑  No

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act:  ☐  Yes   ☑  No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  ☑ Yes  ☐ No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).☑   Yes     ☐  No

 

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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     ☑

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer ☐			Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐			Smaller reporting company ☒
			Emerging growth company ☐

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes ☐ No ☑

 

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $16.4 million based upon the closing sale price of the Registrants Common Stock of $0.396 as of June 28, 2019, the last trading day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

 

As of March 16, 2020, there were 55,612,829 shares of the Enservco Corporation’s common stock outstanding.

 

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT

REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report on Form 10-K contains certain statements that are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “anticipate,” “should,” “could,” “project,” “intend,” “estimate,” “expect,” “believe,” “predict,” “budget,” “goal,” “plan,” “forecast,” “target” and other similar expressions.

All statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this annual report are forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, many factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from what is expressed in or indicated by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including, among others, the risks set forth in the section of this annual report entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere throughout this annual report, as well as the following factors:

All forward-looking statements, express or implied, contained in this annual report are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this annual report.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Enservco Corporation (“Enservco”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”, “we” or “us”) provides various services to the domestic onshore oil and natural gas industry. These services include frac water heating (completion services); and hot oiling and acidizing (production services). The Company owns and operates a fleet of approximately 390 specialized trucks, trailers, frac tanks and other well-site related equipment and serves customers in several major domestic oil and gas fields including the DJ Basin/Niobrara area in Colorado, the Bakken area in North Dakota, the Marcellus and Utica Shale area in Pennsylvania and Ohio, the Jonah Field, Green River and Powder River Basins in Wyoming, the Eagle Ford Shale in Texas, and the Stack and Scoop plays in the Anadarko Basin in Oklahoma.

Enservco was originally incorporated as Aspen Exploration Corporation under Delaware law on February 28, 1980 as a small exploration and production oil and gas company. In 2009, Aspen disposed of its oil and natural gas producing assets and as a result was no longer engaged in active business operations. On June 24, 2010, Aspen entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization with Dillco Fluid Service, Inc. (“Dillco”) which set forth the terms by which Dillco became a wholly owned subsidiary of Aspen on July 27, 2010. On December 30, 2010, Aspen changed its name to “Enservco Corporation.”

The Company’s corporate offices are located at 999 18th Street, Suite 1925N, Denver, CO 80202. Our telephone number is (303) 333-3678. Our website is www.enservco.com.

Going Concern

We do not generate adequate revenue to fund our current operations, and we incurred significant net operating losses during the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2018, which raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We are also in breach of two of our covenants as well as a failure to pay a loan overadvance that has continued through the date of this report under the 2017 Credit Agreement resulting in our borrowings under our existing 2017 Credit Agreement of $34.0 million being classified as a current liability. Accordingly, our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the continuity of normal business activities and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. We are also currently negotiating and working with East West Bank, a California banking corporation (“East West Bank”) in an effort to obtain a waiver for our breaches of the 2017 Credit Agreement. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our renegotiation of the 2017 Credit Agreement and our ability to further reduce costs and raise further capital, of which there can be no assurance. Further, there can be no assurance that we will successfully obtain a waiver from the East West Bank or maintain or increase our cash flows from operations. Given our current financial situation we may be required to accept terms on the transactions that are onerous to us.

Corporate Structure 

The below table provides an overview of the Company’s current subsidiaries and their activities.

On October 26, 2018, the Company entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Adler Hot Oil Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Seller”), pursuant to which the Company acquired all of the outstanding membership interests of Adler Hot Oil Service, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Adler”) for a gross aggregate purchase price of $12.5 million, subject to customary purchase price adjustments (the “Transaction”). Certain former members of Adler are also parties to the Agreement. Adler was a provider of frac water heating and hot oiling services, whose assets consist primarily of vehicles and equipment, with a complementary base of customers in several oil and gas producing basins where the Company operates.

Overview of Business Operations

Enservco primarily conducts its business operations through its principal operating subsidiary (Heat Waves), which provides oil field services to the domestic onshore oil and natural gas industry. These services include frac water heating, hot oiling, pressure testing, acidizing, chemical stimulation, freshwater and saltwater hauling, well site construction and other general oil field services. The Company currently operates in the following geographic regions: 

Historically, the Company focused its growth strategy on strategic acquisitions of operating companies and expansion of services through capital investment consisting of the acquisition and fabrication of property and equipment. That strategy also included expanding into new geographical territories as well as expanding the services it provides. These strategies are exemplified by these activities: 

Operating Entities

As noted above, Enservco conducts its business operations and holds assets primarily through its subsidiary entity, Heat Waves. The following describes the operations and assets of Enservco’s operating subsidiaries.

Heat Waves. Heat Waves provides a range of well stimulation/maintenance services to a diverse group of independent and major oil and natural gas companies. The primary services provided are intended to:

These services consist of frac water heating, hot oiling and acidizing. Heat Waves also provides some water hauling and well site construction services. Heat Waves’ operations are currently in the major oil and natural gas areas in Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, West Virginia, and Wyoming.

Areas of Operations

The following map shows the areas in which the Company currently operates.

Business Segments

Enservco, through its operating subsidiaries, provides a range of services to owners and operators of oil and natural gas wells in the following business segments. In 2019 we reorganized our business segments to align with how management evaluates the business.

Production Services

The Company's production services consist of acidizing, hot oiling services, and pressure testing. Operations are currently in Colorado, Wyoming, North Dakota, Montana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Texas, and Oklahoma.  Production services accounted for approximately 34% of the Company’s total revenues for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Acidizing - Acidizing entails pumping large volumes of specially formulated acids and/or chemicals into a well to dissolve materials blocking the flow of the crude oil or natural gas. The acid is pumped into the well under pressure. Acidizing is most often used to increase permeability throughout the formation, clean up formation damage near the wellbore caused by drilling, and to remove buildup of materials restricting the flow of crude oil and gas through perforations in the well casing. For most customers, Heat Waves supplies the acid solution and also pumps that solution into a given well. As of December 31, 2019, Heat Waves owned and operated a fleet of 7 acidizing units, each of which consist of a specially designed acid pump truck and an acid transport trailer.

Hot Oil Services – Hot oil services involve the circulation of a heated fluid, typically oil, to dissolve, melt, or dislodge paraffin or other hydrocarbon deposits from the tubing of a producing well. Paraffin deposits build up over time from normal production operations, although the rate at which this paraffin builds up depends on the chemical character of the crude oil or natural gas being produced. These services are performed by circulating and heating oil from a well through a hot oil truck and then pumping it down the casing and back up the tubing to remove the deposits. As of December 31, 2019, Heat Waves owned and operated a fleet of 70 Hot Oiling units. Based on customer needs and seasonal conditions, these vehicles are deployed among the service regions as necessary in seeking to maximize their productive time.

Hot oil servicing also includes the heating of oil storage tanks. The heating of storage tanks is performed (i) to eliminate frozen water and other soluble waste in the tanks; and (ii) because heated oil flows more efficiently from the tanks to transports hauling oil to the refineries in colder weather.

Pressure Testing – Pressure testing consists of pumping fluids into new or existing wells or other components of the well system such as flow lines to detect leaks. Hot oil trucks and pressure trucks are used to perform this service. 

Completion Services

The Company's completion services consist of frac water heating and other services. Operations are currently in Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, North Dakota, Montana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, and Oklahoma. Completion services accounted for approximately 66% of the Company’s total revenues for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Frac Water Heating – Frac Water Heating is the process of heating water used in connection with the fracturing process of completing a well. Fracturing services are intended to enhance the production from crude oil and natural gas wells through the creation of conductive flowpaths to enable the hydrocarbons to reach the wellbore where the natural flow has been restricted by underground formations. The fracturing process consists of pumping a fluid slurry, which largely consists of fresh water and a proppant into a well at sufficient pressure to fracture (i.e. create conductive flowpaths) the formation. To ensure these solutions are properly mixed and can flow freely, during certain parts of the year the water frequently needs to be heated to a sufficient temperature as determined by the well owner/operator. As of December 31, 2019, Heat Waves and Adler owned and operated a fleet of 79 frac heaters designed to heat large amounts of water.

Ownership of Company Assets

The Company owns various equipment and other assets to provide its services and products. Substantially all of the equipment and personal property assets owned by these entities are pledged as security under the Company's 2017 Credit Agreement with its bank lender.

Historically, as supply and demand require, the Company has leased additional trucks and equipment from time to time. These leases are generally for periods of less than one year, and therefore are treated as operating leases for accounting purposes, and the rent expense associated with these leases is reported in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842 - Leases.

Competitive Business Conditions

We face intense competition in our operations. Competition is influenced by factors such as price, capacity, the quality/safety-record/availability of equipment and work crews, and the reputation and experience of the service provider. The Company believes that an important competitive factor in establishing and maintaining long-term customer relationships is having an experienced, skilled, and well-trained work force that is responsive to our customers’ needs. Although we believe customers consider all of these factors, price is the primary factor in determining which service provider is awarded work.

The demand for our services fluctuates primarily in relation to the domestic commodity price (or anticipated price) of crude oil and natural gas which, in turn, is largely driven by the domestic and worldwide supply of, and demand for, oil and natural gas, political events, as well as speculation within the financial markets. Demand and prices are often volatile and difficult to predict and depend on events that are not within our control. Generally, as supply of oil and natural gas decreases and demand increases, service and maintenance requirements increase as oil and natural gas producers drill new wells and attempt to maximize the productivity of their existing wells to take advantage of the higher priced environment. Conversely, as the supply of commodities increase and demand and crude oil and natural gas prices fall, oil and gas producers drill fewer wells and scale back or suspend service and maintenance work and put significant pressure on well services providers such as us to reduce prices for our services. In the fourth quarter of 2019 and in 2020 to date our customers have cut back significantly their work orders for our services as well as for the well services of our competitors and required us to reduce our prices in order to obtain or maintain our business with them. We expect price competition will be fierce for the remainder of 2020.

The Company’s competition primarily consists of small and large regional or local contractors. The Company attempts to differentiate itself from its competition in large part through its range, availability, and quality of services it has the capability to provide. The Company has invested a significant amount of capital into purchasing, developing, and maintaining a fleet of trucks and other equipment that are critical to the services it provides. Further, the Company concentrates on providing services to a diverse group of major and independent oil and natural gas companies in a number of geographical areas. 

Dependence on One or a Few Major Customers

The Company serves numerous major and independent oil and natural gas companies that are active in our core areas of operations.

As of December 31, 2019, two customers represented more than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance at 16% and 11% respectively. Revenues from one customer represented approximately 11% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The loss of our significant customers could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business until the equipment is redeployed. Further, the Company believes that if its customers shift production from any of the geographies in which it operates, the Company could effectively re-deploy its equipment into other domestic geographic areas but it may require us to incur relocation expenses, which would reduce operating margins.

Seasonality 

A significant portion of the Company’s operations is impacted by seasonal factors, particularly with regard to its frac water heating and hot oiling services. In 2019, approximately 76% of our revenue was earned during the first and fourth fiscal quarters. In regard to frac water heating, because customers rely on Heat Waves to heat large amounts of water for use in fracturing formations, demand for this service is much greater in the colder months. Similarly, hot oiling services are in higher demand during the colder months when they are needed for maintenance of existing wells and to heat oil storage tanks.

Acidizing, hot oiling, and pressure testing are performed throughout the year with revenues generally not impacted by weather to a significant degree.

Raw Materials 

             The Company purchases a wide variety of raw materials, parts, and components that are made by other manufacturers and suppliers for our use. The Company is not dependent on any single source of supply for those parts, supplies or materials. However, there are a limited number of vendors for propane and certain acids and chemicals. The Company uses a limited number of suppliers and service providers available to fabricate and/or construct the trucks and equipment used in its hot oiling, frac water heating, and acid related services.

Patents, Trademarks, Licenses, Franchises, Concessions, Royalty Agreements or Labor Contracts

As is the situation with all companies in the frac water heating service business, we rely on certain procedures and practices in performing our services. In 2016, we were issued our first patent relating to an aspect of the frac water heating process. We have other patent applications pending regarding other procedures used in our process of heating frac water. Further, Adler has been issued three United States patents and one Canadian patent and has two United States patents pending related to aspects of the frac water heating process. We are aware that one unrelated company has been awarded four patents related, in part, to a process for heating of frac water. 

Government Regulation 

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to a variety of government regulations ranging from environmental to Occupational Safety and Health Act ("OSHA") to the Department of Transportation. Our operations are also subject to stringent federal, state and local laws regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to health and safety or the protection of the environment. These federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment, wildlife protection, historic preservation, and health and safety are extensive and changing. The trend in environmental legislation and regulation is generally toward stricter standards, and we expect that this trend will continue as governmental agencies issue and amend existing regulations. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations as they currently exist or may be amended in the future may result in the assessment of substantial administrative, civil and criminal penalties, as well as the issuance of injunctions limiting or prohibiting activities. Adherence with these regulatory requirements increases our cost of doing business and consequently affects our profitability. The Company does not believe that it is in material violation of any regulations that would have a significant negative impact on the Company’s operations. 

Through the routine course of providing services, the Company handles and stores bulk quantities of hazardous materials. If leaks or spills of hazardous materials handled, transported or stored by us occur, the Company may be responsible under applicable environmental laws for costs of remediating any damage to the surface or sub-surface (including aquifers).

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), also known as “Superfund,” and comparable state statutes impose strict, joint and several liability on owners and operators of sites and on persons who disposed of or arranged for the disposal of “hazardous substances” found at such sites. It is not uncommon for the government to file claims requiring cleanup actions, demands for reimbursement for government-incurred cleanup costs, or natural resource damages, or for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances released into the environment. The Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA, and comparable state statutes govern the disposal of “solid waste” and “hazardous waste” and authorize the imposition of substantial fines and penalties for noncompliance, as well as requirements for corrective actions. Although CERCLA currently excludes petroleum from its definition of “hazardous substance,” state laws affecting our operations may impose clean-up liability relating to petroleum and petroleum-related products. In addition, although RCRA classifies certain oil field wastes as “non-hazardous,” such exploration and production wastes could be reclassified as hazardous wastes thereby making such wastes subject to more stringent handling and disposal requirements. CERCLA, RCRA and comparable state statutes can impose liability for clean-up of sites and disposal of substances found on drilling and production sites long after operations on such sites have been completed. Other statutes relating to the storage and handling of pollutants include the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, which requires certain owners and operators of facilities that store or otherwise handle oil to prepare and implement spill response plans relating to the potential discharge of oil into surface waters. The OPA contains numerous requirements relating to prevention of, reporting of, and response to oil spills into waters of the United States. State laws mandate oil cleanup programs with respect to contaminated soil. A failure to comply with OPA’s requirements or inadequate cooperation during a spill response action may subject a responsible party to civil or criminal enforcement actions.

In the course of the Company’s operations, it does not typically generate materials that are considered “hazardous substances.” One exception, however, would be spills that occur prior to well treatment materials being circulated down hole. For example, if the Company spills acid on a roadway as a result of a vehicle accident in the course of providing production/stimulation services, or if a tank with acid leaks prior to down hole circulation, the spilled material may be considered a “hazardous substance.” In this respect, the Company may occasionally be considered to “generate” materials that are regulated as hazardous substances and, as a result, may incur CERCLA liability for cleanup costs. Also, claims may be filed for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other pollutants.

The Clean Water Act (the “CWA”), and comparable state statutes, impose restrictions and controls on the discharge of pollutants, including spills and leaks of oil and other substances, into waters of the United States. The discharge of pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited, except in accordance with the terms of a permit issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) or an analogous state agency. The CWA regulates storm water run-off from oil and natural gas facilities and requires a storm water discharge permit for certain activities. Such a permit requires the regulated facility to monitor and sample storm water run-off from its operations. The CWA and regulations implemented thereunder also prohibit discharges of dredged and fill material in wetlands and other waters of the United States unless authorized by an appropriately issued permit. The CWA and comparable state statutes provide for civil, criminal and administrative penalties for unauthorized discharges of oil and other pollutants and impose liability on parties responsible for those discharges for the costs of cleaning up any environmental damage caused by the release and for natural resource damages resulting from the release.

The Safe Drinking Water Act (the “SDWA”), and the Underground Injection Control (“UIC”) program promulgated thereunder, regulate the drilling and operation of subsurface injection wells, such as the disposal wells owned and operated by the Company. The EPA directly administers the UIC program in some states and in others the responsibility for the program has been delegated to the state. The program requires that a permit be obtained before drilling a disposal well. Violation of these regulations and/or contamination of groundwater by oil and natural gas drilling, production, and related operations may result in fines, penalties, and remediation costs, among other sanctions and liabilities under the SWDA and state laws. In addition, third party claims may be filed by landowners and other parties claiming damages for alternative water supplies, property damages, and bodily injury.

Regulations in the states in which the Company owns and operates water injection wells (Oklahoma) require us to obtain a permit to operate each of our disposal wells. The applicable regulatory agency may suspend or modify one of our permits if the Company’s well operations are likely to result in pollution of freshwater, substantial violation of permit conditions or applicable rules, or if the well leaks into the environment.

The Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005 amended the SDWA to exclude hydraulic fracturing from the definition of “underground injection” under certain circumstances. However, the repeal of this exclusion has been advocated by certain advocacy organizations and others in the public. The EPA at the request of Congress conducted a national study examining the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources and issued a final assessment report in December 2016, which concluded that hydraulic fracturing activities can impact drinking water resources under some circumstances and identifies factors that influence these impacts.

We incur, and expect to continue to incur, capital and operating costs to comply with the environmental laws and regulations described herein. The technical requirements of these laws and regulations are becoming increasingly complex, stringent and expensive to implement.

If new federal or state laws or regulations that significantly restrict hydraulic fracturing are adopted, such legal requirements could result in delays, eliminate certain drilling and injection activities, make it more difficult or costly for our customers to perform fracturing and increase their and our costs of compliance and doing business. It is also possible that drilling and injection operations utilizing our services could adversely affect the environment, which could result in a requirement to perform investigations or clean-ups or in the incurrence of other unexpected material costs or liabilities.

Significant studies and research have been devoted to climate change and global warming, and climate change has developed into a major political issue in the United States and globally. Certain research suggests that greenhouse gas emissions contribute to climate change and pose a threat to the environment. Recent scientific research and political debate has focused in part on carbon dioxide and methane incidental to oil and natural gas exploration and production. Many state governments have enacted legislation directed at controlling greenhouse gas emissions, and future state and federal legislation and regulation could impose additional restrictions or requirements in connection with our operations and favor use of alternative energy sources, which could increase operating costs and decrease demand for oil products. As such, our business could be materially adversely affected by domestic and international legislation targeted at controlling climate change.

We are also subject to a number of federal and state laws and regulations, including OSHA, and comparable state laws, whose purpose is to protect the health and safety of workers. In addition, the OSHA hazard communication standard, the EPA community right-to-know regulations under Title III of the federal Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act and comparable state statutes require that information be maintained concerning hazardous materials used or produced in our operations and that this information be provided to employees, state and local government authorities and citizens.

Because our trucks travel over public highways to get to customers’ wells, the Company is subject to the regulations of the Department of Transportation. These regulations are very comprehensive and cover a wide variety of subjects from the maintenance and operation of vehicles to driver qualifications to safety. Violations of these regulations can result in penalties ranging from monetary fines to a restriction on the use of the vehicles. Under regulations effective July 1, 2010, an uncured violation of regulations could result in a shutdown of all of the vehicles of Heat Waves.  The Company does not believe it is in violation of Department of Transportation regulations at this time that would result in a shutdown of vehicles.

Some states and certain municipalities have regulated, or are considering regulating hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) which, if accomplished, could impact certain of our operations. While the Company does not believe that existing regulations and contemplated actions to limit or prohibit fracking have impacted its activities to date, there can be no assurance that these actions, if taken on a wider scale, may not adversely impact the Company’s business operations and revenues.

Employees

As of February 28, 2020, the Company employed 186 full time employees. Of these employees, 172 are employed by Heat Waves and 14 are employed by Enservco. From time to time, the Company may hire contractors to perform work.

Available Information

We maintain a website at http://www.enservco.com. The information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act, are available on our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish those reports to, the SEC.

In addition, we maintain our corporate governance documents on our website, including our:

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 

An investment in our common stock may be considered speculative and involves a high degree of risk, including among other items the risk factors described below. These risk factors are intended to generally describe certain risks that could materially affect the Company and its current business operations and activities.

You should carefully consider the risks described below and elsewhere herein in connection with any decision whether to acquire, hold or sell the Company’s securities. The following list identifies and briefly summarizes certain risk but should not be viewed as complete or comprehensive. If any of the contingencies discussed in the following paragraphs or other materially adverse events actually occur, the business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or a significant part of your investment.

Liquidity and Debt Risks

Inadequate liquidity could materially and adversely affect our business operations.

We have significant outstanding indebtedness under our credit facility. As of December 31, 2019, we had fully drawn the $34.0 million available under our credit facility and were in default under our 2017 Credit Agreement with East West Bank. In addition, we experienced significant declines in revenues in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020 compared to the prior year’s comparable quarters and have very limited cash flow. Due to this limited liquidity and decreased cash flow, we may not be able to provide our services, which could lead to continued deterioration in our financial condition.

On January 6, 2020, the Company received a notice (the “Default Notice”) from East West Bank regarding events of default of the Company with respect to the 2017 Credit Agreement. As a result of the events of default, East West Bank may accelerate the $34.0 million outstanding loan balance under the 2017 Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. As of the date of this report, East West Bank has not accelerated the outstanding loan balance amount but it may do so in the future.

The Default Notice indicates that the Company is in default under the 2017 Credit Agreement as a result of its:

We are also currently negotiating and working with East West Bank in an effort to obtain a waiver for our breaches of the 2017 Credit Agreement. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our renegotiation of the 2017 Credit Agreement and our ability to further reduce costs and raise further capital, of which there can be no assurance. Further, there can be no assurance that we will successfully obtain a waiver from the East West Bank or maintain or increase our cash flows from operations. Given our current financial situation we may be required to accept terms on the transactions that we are seeking that are onerous to us.

The Default Notice indicated that although East West Bank was not as of January 6, 2020, exercising its rights and remedies available as a result of the events of default, it specifically did not waive its rights and remedies resulting from the events of default and it reserves all other available rights and remedies under the Credit Agreement, certain other related documents and applicable law.

Our ability to pay interest and principal on our indebtedness and to satisfy our other obligations will depend upon our ability to achieve increased utilization of our equipment, which is highly influenced by weather and customer's drilling activity.  We cannot assure that our business will generate sufficient cash flows from operations, or that future capital will be available to us in an amount sufficient to fund our liquidity needs. In the absence of adequate cash from operations and other available capital resources, we could face substantial liquidity constraints. We are seeking additional debt and equity financing without which we may have to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. If we do not succeed in these endeavors, we may fail to continue as a going concern.  We cannot assure you that we will be able to raise capital through debt or equity financings on terms acceptable to us or at all, or that we could consummate dispositions of assets or operations for fair market value, in a timely manner or at all.  Furthermore, any proceeds that we could realize from any financings or dispositions may not be adequate to meet our debt service or other obligations then due.

We are currently in a very difficult operating environment.

We face a very difficult operating environment in 2020 with exploration and production companies significantly cutting back their drilling and completions plans and exerting significant pressure on us to reduce our prices for the services we provide. Additionally, as indicated above, we are in default under out 2017 Credit Agreement due to our operating results experienced in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020 and we believe we will need additional debt or equity capital to meet expected cash needs in the second quarter of 2020 and throughout the rest of 2020. We cannot assure that we will raise any such capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Due to our lack of capital we may be forced to curtail operations in some or all of our locations which will materially and adversely affect our revenues and our ability to continue as a going concern. 

We are in violation of two covenants of our 2017 Credit Agreement as well as failure to pay an overadvance that has continued through the date of this report and the bank has declared events of default and may claim remedies that would effectively put us out of business. Also, we may be unable to meet the obligations of various financial covenants that are contained in the terms of our 2017 Credit Agreement.

Our 2017 Credit Agreement with East West Bank imposes numerous financial covenants on the Company including maintaining a prescribed fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum liquidity ratio at certain times, and it limits the Company's ability to make capital investments. This agreement has a variable interest rate and is collateralized by substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. We are currently in violation of two covenants as discussed above, as well as failure to pay an overadvance that has continued through the date of this report.  Although East West Bank has not as of March 20, 2020, exercised its rights and remedies available as a result of these covenant violations, it specifically did not waive its rights and remedies resulting from the events of default and it continues to reserve all other available rights and remedies under the Credit Agreement, certain other related documents and applicable law.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with these covenants, or that if we violate other covenants in the future that East West Bank would be willing to provide waivers. Violation of these covenants could result in the acceleration of maturities under the default provisions of our 2017 Credit Agreement and put into jeopardy our ability to operate as a going concern.

Our debt obligations have reduced, and may reduce in the future, our financial and operating flexibility.

As of December 31, 2019, we had borrowed approximately $34.0 million under our senior revolving credit facility and did not have any capacity available under this facility. Additionally, as of December 31, 2019 we owed approximately $2.8 million to other parties pursuant to various secured and unsecured subordinate debt agreements.

A high level of indebtedness subjects us to several material adverse risks. In particular, it may make it more likely that a reduction in the borrowing base of our credit facility following a periodic redetermination could require us to repay a portion of outstanding borrowings, may impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future, and increases the risk that we may default on our debt obligations, as is presently occuring. In addition, we are required to devote a significant portion of our cash flows to servicing our debt, and we are subject to interest rate risk under our credit facility, which bears interest at variable rates. An increase in our interest rates could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Our ability to meet our debt obligations and to reduce our level of indebtedness depends on our future performance and as of March 2020 we had experienced two significantly reduced operating quarters (2019 fourth quarter and 2020 first quarter) from the like quarters in the prior years. Thus, we are extremely limited in our ability to repay any indebtedness without substantial debt restructuring and/or additional financing, either debt or equity, of which we can make no assurance will occur. Also, because of these poor operating results, we expect that we will need operating capital to meet expected cash needs in the second quarter of 2020 and throughout the rest of 2020. At this time, we do not have any commitments for such capital. Due to our lack of capital we may be forced to curtail operations in some or all of our locations which will materially and adversely affect our revenues and our ability to continue as a going concern. 

General economic conditions, weather, oil and natural gas prices and financial, business and other factors affect our operations and our future performance. We experienced a heavy downturn in demand for our services in the fourth quarter of 2019 that has continued through 2020 to date. Many of these factors are beyond our control. If we do not have sufficient funds on hand to pay our debt when due, we may be required to seek a waiver or amendment from our lenders, refinance our indebtedness, incur additional indebtedness, sell assets or sell additional shares of our common stock. We may not be able to complete such transactions on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Our failure to generate sufficient funds to pay our debts or to undertake any of these actions successfully could result in a default on our debt obligations, which would materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our auditors and management have expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

As disclosed in the consolidated financial statements in this report, we incurred net losses of $7.7 million and $5.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Additionally, we are in violation of two of our 2017 Credit Agreement covenants, as well as continually having failed to pay an overadvance through the date of this report have experienced revenue declines, have very limited liquidity and expect negative cash flow from operations in the near term, and have suffered recurring losses from operations. We believe these circumstances raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on achievement of significantly increased revenues, raising equity or additional debt and/or a combination transaction with another entity. If we are not able to generate the funds needed to cover our ongoing expenses, then we may be forced to cease operations or seek bankruptcy protection, in which event our stockholders could lose their entire investment.

Operations Related Risks

While our growth strategy includes seeking acquisitions of other oilfield services companies, we may not be successful in identifying, making and integrating business or asset acquisitions, if any, in the future.

We anticipate that a component of our growth strategy may be to make geographically focused acquisitions of businesses or assets aimed to strengthen our presence and expand services offered in selected regional markets. Pursuit of this strategy may be restricted by the on-going volatility and uncertainty within the credit markets which may significantly limit the availability of funds for such acquisitions. Our ability to use shares of our common stock in an acquisition transaction may be adversely affected by the volatility in the price of our common stock.

In addition to restricted funding availability, the success of this strategy will depend on our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates and to negotiate acceptable financial and other terms. There is no assurance that we will be able to do so. The success of an acquisition also depends on our ability to perform adequate due diligence before the acquisition and on our ability to integrate the acquisition after it is completed. While we intend to commit significant resources to ensure that we conduct comprehensive due diligence, there can be no assurance that all potential risks and liabilities will be identified in connection with an acquisition. Similarly, while we expect to commit substantial resources, including management time and effort, to integrating acquired businesses into ours, there is no assurance that we will be successful in integrating these businesses. In particular, it is important that we be able to retain both key personnel of the acquired business and its customer base. A loss of either key personnel or customers could negatively impact the future operating results of any acquired business.

Our business is materially impacted by seasonal weather conditions.

Our businesses, particularly our frac heating and hot oil services, are impacted by weather conditions and temperatures. Unseasonably warm weather during winter months reduces demand for the heating services and results in higher operating costs, as a percentage of revenue, due to the need to retain equipment operators during these low demand periods. Management makes concerted efforts to reduce costs during these low demand periods by utilizing operators in other business segments, reducing hours, and some instances utilizing seasonal layoffs.

Further, during the winter months, our customers may delay operations or we may not be able to operate or move our equipment between locations during periods of heavy snow, ice or rain, and during the spring some areas impose transportation restrictions due to muddy conditions caused by spring thaws.

We may be unable to implement price increases and recently have had to decrease existing prices on our core services.

We periodically seek to increase the prices of our services to offset rising costs and to generate increased revenues. We operate in a very competitive industry and, as a result, we are not always successful in raising or maintaining our existing prices. Additionally, during periods of increased market demand, a significant amount of new equipment may enter the market, which would also put pressure on the pricing of our services. Even when we are able to increase our prices, we may not be able to do so at a rate that is sufficient to offset rising costs. Also, we may not be able to successfully increase prices without adversely affecting our activity levels. The inability to maintain our prices or to increase the prices of our services to offset rising costs increase could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations. Recently, in the face of significantly reduced demand for oil field services resulting from significant reduced capital expenditures, we have been forced to decrease our frac heating prices in order to obtain new business and obtain existing business, which will result in lower margins for us and decrease operating revenues. We anticipate pricing pressure impacting our other service lines if lower oil and gas prices persist.

We operate in a capital-intensive industry. We may not be able to finance future growth of our operations or future acquisitions.

Our business activities require substantial capital expenditures. If our cash flow from operating activities and borrowings under our existing credit facility were not sufficient to fund our capital expenditure budget, we would be required to reduce these expenditures or to fund these expenditures through new debt or equity issuances.

Our ability to raise new debt or equity capital or to refinance or restructure our debt at any given time depends, among other things, on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Also, the terms of existing or future debt or equity instruments could further restrict our business operations. The inability to finance future growth could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Increased labor costs or the unavailability of skilled workers could hurt our operations.

Companies in our industry, including us, are dependent upon the available labor pool of skilled workers. We compete with other oilfield services businesses and other employers to attract and retain qualified personnel with the technical skills and experience required to provide our customers with the highest quality service. We are also subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act, which governs such matters as minimum wage, overtime and other working conditions, and which can increase our labor costs or subject us to liabilities to our employees. A shortage of skilled workers or other general inflationary pressures or changes in applicable laws and regulations could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain skilled personnel and could require us to enhance our wage and benefits packages. Labor costs may increase in the future or we may not be able to reduce wages when demand and pricing falls, and such changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Historically, we have experienced a high employee turnover rate. Any difficulty we experience replacing or adding workers could adversely affect our business.

We believe that the high turnover rate in our industry is attributable to the nature of oilfield services work, which is physically demanding and performed outdoors, and to the seasonality of certain of our segments. As a result, workers may choose to pursue employment in areas that offer a more desirable work environment at wage rates that are competitive with ours. The potential inability or lack of desire by workers to commute to our facilities and job sites, as well as the competition for workers from competitors or other industries, are factors that could negatively affect our ability to attract and retain skilled workers. We may not be able to recruit, train and retain an adequate number of workers to replace departing workers. The inability to maintain an adequate workforce could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

New U.S. tax legislation could adversely affect us and our shareholders.

On December 22, 2017, legislation referred to as the Tax Act was signed into law. The Tax Act is generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Tax Act includes significant amendments to the Internal Revenue Code, including amendments that significantly change the taxation of business entities, including the deductibility of interest. Some of the amendments could adversely affect our business and financial condition, including by limiting our ability to realize tax benefits from our NOLs, however we expect that, ultimately, the reduction of the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% should be beneficial to us.

Our business depends on domestic (United States) spending by the crude oil and natural gas industry which suffered significant price volatility in 2019 and 2020, and such volatility may continue; our business has been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by industry and financial market conditions that are beyond our control.

We depend on our customers’ ability and willingness to make operating and capital expenditures to explore, develop and produce crude oil and natural gas in the United States. Customers’ expectations for future crude oil and natural gas prices, as well as the availability of capital for operating and capital expenditures, may cause them to curtail spending, thereby reducing demand for our services and equipment. Major declines in oil and natural gas prices in 2019 and 2020 have resulted in substantial declines in capital spending and drilling programs across the industry. As a result of the declines in oil and natural gas prices, many exploration and production companies have and are expected to substantially reduce drilling and completions programs at times and have required service providers to make pricing concessions. 

Industry conditions and specifically the market price for crude oil and natural gas are influenced by numerous domestic and global factors over which we have no control, such as the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas, domestic and worldwide economic conditions that are affected by several factors beyond our control, weather conditions, political instability in oil and natural gas producing countries and perceived economic conditions. The volatility of the oil and natural gas industry and the consequent impact on commodity prices as well as exploration and production activity could adversely impact the level of drilling and activity by many of our customers. Where declining prices lead to reduced exploration and development activities in our market areas, the reduction in exploration and development activities over a sustained period will have a negative long-term impact on our business. Several month periods of low oil and natural gas prices typically result in increased pressure from our customers to make additional pricing concessions and impact our borrowing arrangements with our principal bank. There can be no assurance that the prices we charge to our customers will return to former levels experienced.

There has also been significant political pressures for the United States economy to reduce its dependence on crude oil and natural gas due to the perceived impacts on climate change. Furthermore, there have been significant political and regulatory efforts to reduce or eliminate hydraulic fracturing operations in certain of our service areas, particularly in Colorado. Colorado legislature recently enacted a bill that could significantly restrict oil and gas drilling in Colorado, thereby negatively affecting our revenues. These activities may make oil and gas investment and production less attractive.

Higher oil and gas prices do not necessarily result in increased drilling activity because our customers’ expectation of future prices also drives demand for production maintenance and completion services. Oil and gas prices, as well as demand for our services, also depend upon other factors that are beyond our control, including the following:

Ongoing volatility and uncertainty in the domestic and global economic and political environments have caused the oilfield services industry to experience demand volatility. While our management is generally optimistic for the continuing development of the onshore North American oil and gas industry over the long term, there are several political and economic pressures negatively impacting the economics of production from existing wells, future drilling operations, and the willingness of banks and investors to provide capital to participants in the oil and gas industry. We believe that these cuts in spending will continue to curtail drilling programs as well as discretionary spending on well services, and will continue to result in a reduction in the demand for our services, the rates we can charge, and equipment utilization. In addition, certain of our customers could become unable to pay their suppliers, including us. Any of these conditions or events would adversely affect our operating results.

Our success depends on key members of our management, the loss of any executive or key personnel could disrupt our business operations.

We depend to a large extent on the services of certain of our executive officers. The loss of the services of Ian Dickinson or Marjorie Hargrave, could disrupt our operations. Although we have entered into employment agreements with Mr. Dickinson and Ms. Hargrave, that contain, among other things non-compete and confidentiality provisions, we may not be able to enforce the non-compete and/or confidentiality provisions in the employment agreements.

We depend on several significant customers, and a loss of one or more significant customers could adversely affect our results of operations. 

Our top five customers accounted for approximately 35% and 39% of our total annual revenues for 2019 and 2018, respectively. The loss of any one of these customers or a sustained decrease in demand by any of such customers could result in a substantial loss of revenues and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. 

While we believe our equipment could be redeployed in the current market environment if we lost any material customers, such loss could have an adverse effect on our business until the equipment is redeployed. We believe that the market for our services is sufficiently diversified that it is not dependent on any single customer or a few major customers.

Demand for the majority of our services is substantially dependent on the levels of expenditures by the domestic oil and natural gas industry. We have no influence over our customers’ capital expenditures. On-going economic volatility could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Over the last several years, oil prices have experienced significant swings. Prices for crude oil and natural gas decreased significantly in 2019 and 2020, to date, compared to prior years. Significant and sustained price declines have historically caused many of our customers to reduce or delay their oil and natural gas exploration and production spending, which consequently resulted in decreased demand for our services, and exerted downward pressure on the prices we charged for our services and products.

Also, an environment of increasing oil and natural gas prices can lead to increasing costs of exploring for and producing oil and natural gas. Though the addition of frac stimulation into the domestic oil and gas industry has somewhat reduced the overall costs of producing oil and natural gas, the price of drill rigs, pipe, other equipment, fluids, and oil field services and the cost to companies like us of providing those services, has generally increased along with increases in oil and natural gas prices. The reduction in cash flows experienced by our customers during periods of lower oil and natural gas prices and the increase of the costs of exploring for and producing oil and natural gas as noted above could have significant adverse effects on the financial condition of some of our customers. This could result in project modifications, delays or cancellations, general business disruptions, and delay in, or nonpayment of, amounts that are owed to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Environmental compliance costs and liabilities could reduce our earnings and cash available for operations.

We are subject to increasingly stringent laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and the importation and use of hazardous materials, including laws and regulations governing air emissions, water discharges and waste management. Government authorities have the power to enforce compliance with their regulations, and violations are subject to fines, injunctions or both. We incur, and expect to continue to incur, capital and operating costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations. The technical requirements of these laws and regulations are becoming increasingly complex, stringent and expensive to implement. These laws may provide for “strict liability” for damages to natural resources or threats to public health and safety. Strict liability can render a party liable for damages without regard to negligence or fault on the part of the party. Some environmental laws provide for joint and several strict liability for remediation of spills and releases of hazardous substances.

We use hazardous substances and transport hazardous wastes in our operations. Accordingly, we could become subject to potentially material liabilities relating to the investigation and cleanup of contaminated properties, and to claims alleging personal injury or property damage as the result of exposures to, or releases of, hazardous substances. In addition, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, new laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination or the imposition of new or increased requirements could require us to incur costs and penalties, or become the basis of new or increased liabilities that could reduce its earnings and cash available for operations. We believe we are currently in compliance with environmental laws and regulations.

Intense competition within the well services industry may adversely affect our ability to market our services.

The well services industry is intensely competitive. It includes numerous small companies capable of competing effectively in our markets on a local basis, as well as several large companies that possess substantially greater financial and other resources than us. Our larger competitors have greater resources that allow those competitors to compete more effectively than us. Our small competitors may be able to react to market conditions more quickly. The amount of equipment available may exceed demand at some point in time, which could result in active price competition.

We could be impacted by unfavorable results of legal proceedings, such as being found to have infringed on intellectual property rights.

As is the situation with other companies in the frac water heating service business, we rely on certain procedures and practices in performing our services. In 2016, we were issued our first patent relating to an aspect of the frac water heating process and in 2017, a second patent was issued. We have other patent applications pending regarding other procedures used in our process of heating frac water. We are aware that one unrelated company has been awarded four patents related, in part, to a process for heating of frac water. 

Our operations are subject to inherent risks, some of which are beyond our control. These risks may be self-insured, or may not be fully covered under our insurance policies, but to the extent not covered, are self-insured by us.

Our operations are subject to hazards inherent in the oil and natural gas industry, such as, but not limited to, accidents, blowouts, explosions, fires and oil spills. These conditions can cause:

The occurrence of a significant event or adverse claim in excess of the insurance coverage that we maintain or that is not covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, claims for loss of oil and natural gas production and damage to formations can occur in the well services industry. Litigation arising from a catastrophic occurrence at a location where our equipment and services are being used may result in us being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting large claims.

We maintain insurance coverage that we believe to be customary in the industry against these hazards. In addition, in June 2015, we became self-insured under our Employee Group Medical Plan for the first $50,000 per individual participant. However, we do not have insurance against all foreseeable risks, either because insurance is not available or because of the high premium costs. The occurrence of an event not fully insured against, or the failure of an insurer to meet its insurance obligations, could result in substantial losses to us. In addition, we may not be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at reasonable rates. Insurance may not be available to cover any or all of the risks to which we are subject, or, even if available, it may be inadequate, or insurance premiums or other costs could rise significantly in the future so as to make such insurance prohibitively expensive. It is likely that, in our insurance renewals, our premiums and deductibles will be higher, and certain insurance coverage either will be unavailable or considerably more expensive than it has been in the recent past. In addition, our insurance is subject to coverage limits, and some policies exclude coverage for damages resulting from environmental contamination.

Compliance with climate change legislation or initiatives could negatively impact our business.

The U.S. Congress has considered legislation to mandate reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and certain states have already implemented, or may be in the process of implementing, similar legislation. Additionally, the U.S. Supreme Court has held in its decisions that carbon dioxide can be regulated as an “air pollutant” under the Clean Air Act, which could result in future regulations even if the U.S. Congress does not adopt new legislation regarding emissions. At this time, it is not possible to predict how legislation or new federal or state government mandates regarding the emission of greenhouse gases could impact our business; however, any such future laws or regulations could require us or our customers to devote potentially material amounts of capital or other resources in order to comply with such regulations. These expenditures could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Anti-fracking initiatives and revisions of applicable state regulations could adversely impact our business.

Some states (including Colorado) and certain municipalities have regulated, or are considering regulating fracking which, if accomplished, could impact certain of our operations. There can be no assurance that these actions, if taken on a wider scale, may not adversely impact our business operations and revenues.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards may be subject to limitation and may result in increased future tax liability.

Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, contain rules that limit the ability of a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” to utilize its net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”) and certain built-in losses recognized in years after the ownership change. An “ownership change” is generally defined as any change in ownership of more than 50% of a corporation’s stock over a rolling three-year period by stockholders that own (directly or indirectly) 5% or more of the stock of the corporation, or arising from a new issuance of stock by the corporation. If an ownership change occurs, Section 382 generally imposes an annual limitation on the use of pre-ownership change net operating losses, or NOLs, credits and certain other tax attributes to offset taxable income earned after the ownership change. The annual limitation is equal to the product of the applicable long-term tax-exempt rate and the value of the corporation’s stock immediately before the ownership change. This annual limitation may be adjusted to reflect any unused annual limitation for prior years and certain recognized built-in gains for the year. In addition, Section 383 generally limits the amount of tax liability in any post-ownership change year that can be reduced by pre-ownership change tax credit carryforwards. If we were to experience an "ownership change," this could result in increased U.S. federal income tax liability for us if we generate taxable income after the ownership change. Limitations on the use of NOLs and other tax attributes could also increase our state tax liabilities. The use of our tax attributes will also be limited to the extent that we do not generate positive taxable income in future tax periods. As a result of these limitations, we may be unable to offset future taxable income, if any, with NOLs before such NOLs expire. Accordingly, these limitations may increase our federal and state income tax liabilities.

As of December 31, 2019, we had U.S. federal NOLs of approximately $31.8 million and state NOLs of approximately $27.5 million.

While our growth strategy includes seeking acquisitions of other oilfield services companies, we may not be successful in identifying, making and integrating business or asset acquisitions, if any, in the future.

At this time, we are very limited in considering potential acquisitions due to our deteriorating financial condition and immediate liquidity need. We anticipate that a component of any future growth strategy may be to make geographically focused acquisitions of businesses or assets aimed to strengthen our presence and expand services offered in selected regional markets. Pursuit of this strategy may be restricted by the on-going volatility and uncertainty within the credit markets which may significantly limit the availability of any funds for such acquisitions. Our ability to use shares of our common stock in an acquisition transaction may be adversely affected by the volatility in our stock price.

In addition to restricted funding availability, the success of this strategy will depend on our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates and to negotiate acceptable financial and other terms. There is no assurance that we will be able to do so. The success of an acquisition also depends on our ability to perform adequate due diligence before the acquisition and on our ability to integrate the acquisition after it is completed. While the Company intends to commit significant resources to ensure that it conducts comprehensive due diligence, there can be no assurance that all potential risks and liabilities will be identified in connection with an acquisition. Similarly, while we expect to commit substantial resources, including management time and effort, to integrating acquired businesses into ours, there is no assurance that we will be successful in integrating these businesses. In particular, it is important that the Company be able to retain both key personnel of an acquired business and its customer base. A loss of either key personnel or customers could negatively impact the future operating results of any acquired business. 

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

We have no plans to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Stockholders may not receive funds without selling their shares.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to pay down debt and finance the expansion of our business. Our future dividend policy is within the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors, including our business, financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and investment opportunities. In addition, we have agreed with East West Bank, our principal lender that we will not pay any cash dividends on our common stock until our obligations to East West Bank are paid in full. Accordingly, realization of a gain on a shareholder’s investment will depend on the appreciation of the price of our common stock.

Our board of directors can, without stockholder approval, cause preferred stock to be issued on terms that adversely affect holders of our common stock.

Under our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which none are issued and outstanding as of the date of this annual report. Also, our board of directors, without stockholder approval, may determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, of those shares. If our board of directors causes shares of preferred stock to be issued, the rights of the holders of our common stock would likely be subordinate to those of preferred holders and therefore could be adversely affected. Our board of directors’ ability to determine the terms of preferred stock and to cause its issuance, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding common stock. Preferred shares issued by our board of directors could include voting rights or super voting rights, which could shift the ability to control the Company to the holders of the preferred stock. Preferred stock could also have conversion rights into shares of our common stock at a discount to the market price of our common stock, which could negatively affect the market for our common stock. In addition, preferred stock would have preference in the event of liquidation of the corporation, which means that the holders of preferred stock would be entitled to receive the net assets of the corporation distributed in liquidation before the holders of our common stock receive any distribution of the liquidated assets. 

The price of our common stock may be volatile regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid or at all.

The trading price of our common stock may be volatile, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price at which you paid for such shares. Our stock price volatility can be in response to a number of factors, including those listed in this section and elsewhere in this annual report. Many of these volatility factors are beyond our control. Other factors that may affect the market price of our common stock include:

In addition, the U.S. securities markets have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations over the past several years. These fluctuations often have been unrelated to the operating performance of companies in these markets. Market fluctuations and broad market, economic and industry factors may negatively affect the price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. Any volatility or a significant decrease in the market price of our common stock could also negatively affect our ability to make acquisitions using our common stock. Further, if we were to be the object of securities class action litigation as a result of volatility in our common stock price or for other reasons, it could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management’s attention and resources, which could negatively affect our financial results.

Our existing shareholders would experience dilution if we elect to raise equity capital to meet our liquidity needs or finance a strategic transaction.

As part of our strategy we may desire to raise capital and or utilize our common stock to effect strategic business transactions. Either such action will likely require that we issue equity (or debt) securities which would result in dilution to our existing stockholders. Although we will attempt to minimize the dilutive impact of any future capital-raising activities or business transactions, we cannot offer any assurance that we will be able to do so. If we are successful in raising additional working capital, we may have to issue additional shares of our common stock at prices at a discount from the then-current market price of our common stock.

The value of our common stock may decline significantly if we are unable to maintain our NYSE American listing. 

Our common stock has sold and may continue to sell at a price per share well below $1.00. The NYSE American rules contain requirements with respect to continued listing standards, which include, among other things, when it appears to the Board of Directors of the Exchange that “the extent of public distribution or the aggregate market value of the security has become so reduced as to make further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable” (Rule 1002). Rule 1003 also provides that the Exchange will not normally consider removing shares from listing where, like Enservco at the present time, “the issuer has at least 1,100,000 shares publicly held, a market value of publicly held shares of at least $15,000,000 and 400 round lot shareholders”.

On November 12, 2019 we received notification from the NYSE American LLC (the “NYSE American”) indicating that the Company is not in compliance with Sections 1003(a)(i) and (ii) of the NYSE’s Company Guide in that it has reported stockholders’ equity of less than $2 million as of December 31, 2019, and reported losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in its four most recent fiscal years.

The NYSE American has approved the Company’s plan to regain compliance with the NYSE’s continued listing standard related to stockholders’ equity.  Accordingly, Enservco’s common stock will continue to be listed on the NYSE American pursuant to an extension while it seeks to regain compliance with the listing standards noted, subject to the Company’s compliance with other continued listing requirements.

If we fail to meet the requirements, our common stock may be delisted. If our common stock is delisted, we would be forced to list our common stock on the OTC Markets or some other quotation medium, depending on our ability to meet the specific requirements of those quotation systems. In that case, we may lose some or all of our institutional investors, and selling our common stock on the OTC Markets would be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold and transactions could be delayed. These factors could result in lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for shares of our common stock. Further, because of the additional regulatory burdens imposed upon broker-dealers with respect to de-listed companies, delisting could discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our stock, further limiting the liquidity of our shares. These factors could have a material adverse effect on the trading price, liquidity, value and marketability of our stock.

General Corporate Risks

Concentration of ownership makes it unlikely that any stockholder will be able to influence the election of directors or engage in a change of control transaction.

Five stockholders directly and indirectly own approximately 38% of the Company’s outstanding common stock and have the ability to heavily influence the election of our directors when they again stand for reelection. Furthermore, it is likely that no person seeking control of the Company through stock ownership will be able to succeed in doing so without negotiating an arrangement to do so with these stockholders. For so long as these stockholders continue to own a significant percentage of the outstanding shares of the Company common stock, they will retain such influence over the election of the board of directors and the negotiation of any change of control transaction.

Provisions in our charter documents could prevent or delay a change in control or a takeover.

Provisions in our bylaws provide certain requirements for the nomination of directors which preclude a stockholder from nominating a candidate to stand for election at any annual meeting. As described in Section 2.12 of the Company’s bylaws, nominations must be presented to the Company well in advance of a scheduled annual meeting, and the notification must include specific information as set forth in that section. The Company believes that such a provision provides reasonable notice of the nominees to the board of directors, but it may preclude stockholder nomination at a meeting where the stockholder is not familiar with nomination procedures and, therefore, may prevent or delay a change of control or takeover.

Although the Delaware General Corporation Law includes §112 which provides that bylaws of Delaware corporations may require the corporation to include in its proxy materials one or more nominees submitted by stockholders in addition to individuals nominated by the board of directors, the bylaws of the Company do not so provide. As a result, if any stockholder desires to nominate persons for election to the board of directors, the proponent will have to incur all of the costs normally associated with a proxy contest.

Indemnification of officers and directors may result in unanticipated expenses.

The Delaware General Corporation Law, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and bylaws, and indemnification agreements between the Company and certain individuals provide for the indemnification of our directors, officers, employees, and agents, under certain circumstances, against attorney’s fees and other expenses incurred by them in any litigation to which they become a party arising from their association with us or activities on our behalf. We also will bear the expenses of such litigation for any of our directors, officers, employees, or agents, upon such person’s promise to repay them if it is ultimately determined that any such person shall not have been entitled to indemnification. This indemnification policy could result in substantial expenditures by us that we may be unable to recoup and could direct funds away from our business and products (if any).

We have significant obligations under the 1934 Act and the NYSE American.

Because we are a public company filing reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we are subject to increased regulatory scrutiny and extensive and complex regulation. The Securities and Exchange Commission has the right to review the accuracy and completeness of our reports, press releases, and other public documents. In addition, we are subject to extensive requirements to institute and maintain financial accounting controls and for the accuracy and completeness of our books and records. In addition to regulation by the SEC, we are subject to the NYSE American rules. The NYSE American rules contain requirements with respect to corporate governance, communications with shareholders, and various other matters.

Our operations are subject to cyber-attacks that could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of operations and consolidated financial condition.

Our operations are increasingly dependent on digital technologies and services. We use these technologies for internal purposes, including data storage, processing and transmissions, as well as in our interactions with customers and suppliers. Digital technologies are subject to the risk of cyber-attacks. If our systems for protecting against cybersecurity risks prove not to be sufficient, we could be adversely affected by, among other things: loss of or damage to intellectual property, proprietary or confidential information, or customer, supplier, or employee data; interruption of our business operations; and increased costs required to prevent, respond to, or mitigate cybersecurity attacks. These risks could harm our reputation and our relationships with customers, suppliers, employees and other third parties, and may result in claims against us. These risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of operations and consolidated financial condition.

Information about our Executive Officers 

The following table sets forth, as of March 15, 2020, certain information regarding the executive officers of Enservco:

The following biographies describe the business experience of our executive officers:

Ian E. Dickinson, Age 47. Mr. Dickinson became our Chief Executive Officer and President on May 9, 2019 and was also appointed to the Company’s Board of Directors on May 9, 2017. Mr. Dickinson joined the Company from Caddis Capital Investments, LLC (“Caddis”), an actively managed private equity firm, where he had been a partner since July, 2016. Prior to joining Caddis, Mr. Dickinson served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Premier Oilfield Equipment Company (“Premier”) from its acquisition by Altira Group, LLC in February, 2012, until July, 2016. Prior to that, Mr. Dickinson served as Senior Vice President of Finance at Startek, Inc. (“SRT”), a global contact center outsource services provider, from March 2011 until February, 2012, and as Managing Director at Slalom Consulting, LLC, leading the CFO Advisory Services practice from October, 2009 until March, 2011. His previous experience includes CFO and corporate development roles at several private equity and venture capital backed companies. Mr. Dickinson began his career in various and expanding leadership roles in finance and M&A at Quest Communications (acquired by CenturyLink), Nextel (acquired by Sprint), and ADT Security Services. Mr. Dickinson is a member of Young President Organization – Colorado Chapter, and currently serves on the Board of Directors of Fox Management, LLC and the ACE Scholarships Advisory Board. Mr. Dickinson is a graduate of Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado.

Marjorie Hargrave, Age 56. Ms. Hargrave became our Chief Financial Officer on July 24, 2019. Ms. Hargrave previously provided consulting services to various companies in the areas of finance, administration, accounting, risk mitigation, human resources, and investor relations from 2016 to joining us in 2019. Prior to her consulting work, Ms. Hargrave served as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning for CTAP, LLC, a privately held distributor of tubing and casing throughout the United States, from 2010 to 2016. Ms. Hargrave also served as Chief Financial Officer of High Sierra Energy, LP, a start-up energy company which focused on midstream acquisitions, from 2005 to 2009. Ms. Hargrave’s previous experience also includes management and associate roles with Black Hills Corporation, Xcel Energy, and Merrill Lynch & Co. Ms. Hargrave earned a bachelor’s degree in economics from Boston University, and a master’s degree in economics from New York University.

 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES 

The following table sets forth real property owned and leased by the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019. Unless otherwise indicated, the properties are used in Heat Waves’ operations.

Owned Properties:

(1) Property is collateral for mortgage debt obligation.

(2) Location not currently used in operations.

Leased Properties: 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 

Enservco and Heat Waves were defendants in a civil lawsuit in federal court in Colorado, Civil Action No. 1:15-cv-00983-RBJ (“Colorado Case”), that alleged that Enservco and Heat Waves, in offering and selling frac water heating services, infringed and induced others to infringe two patents owned by Heat-On-The-Fly, LLC (“HOTF”)- i.e., the ‘993 Patent and the ‘875 Patent.  In March of 2019, the parties moved to dismiss the Colorado Case.  On March 15, 2019, the Colorado Case was dismissed in its entirety without any finding of liability of Enservco or Heat Waves.   

HOTF dismissed its claims with regard to the ‘993 Patent with prejudice and its claims with regard to the ‘875 Patent without prejudice.  However, HOTF agreed not to sue Enservco or Heat Waves in the future for infringement of the ‘875 Patent based on the same type of frac water heating services offered by Heat Waves prior to and through March 13, 2019.  Heat Waves dismissed its counterclaims against HOTF without prejudice in order to preserve its defenses.

While the Colorado Case was pending, HOTF was issued two additional patents, which were related to the ‘993 and ‘875 Patents, but were not part of the Colorado Case.  However, in March of 2015, a North Dakota federal court determined in an unrelated lawsuit (not involving Enservco or Heat Waves) that the ‘993 Patent was invalid. The same court also found that the ‘993 Patent was unenforceable due to inequitable conduct by the patent owner and/or the inventor. The Federal Circuit Court of Appeals later confirmed, among other things, the North Dakota court’s findings of inequitable conduct.  In light of the foregoing, Management believes that final findings of invalidity and/or unenforceability of the ‘993 Patent based on inequitable conduct could serve as a basis to affect the validity and/or enforceability of these additional HOTF patents.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “ENSV”. The table below sets forth the high and low daily closing sales prices of the Company’s Common Stock during the periods indicated as reported by the New York Stock Exchange for each of the quarters in the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively: 

The closing sales price of the Company’s common stock as reported on March 16, 2020, was $0.10 per share.

Holders

As of March 16, 2020, there were 451 holders of record of Company common stock. This does not include an indeterminate number of persons who hold our Common Stock in brokerage accounts and otherwise in “street name”.

Dividends

Holders of common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company did not declare or pay dividends during its fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 or 2018, and has no plans at present to declare or pay any dividends.

Decisions concerning dividend payments in the future will depend on income and cash requirements. However, in its agreements with East West Bank, our principal lender, the Company represented that it would not pay any cash dividends on its common stock until its obligations to East West Bank are satisfied. Furthermore, to the extent the Company has any earnings, it will likely retain earnings to pay down debt, or expand corporate operations and not use such earnings to pay dividends.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans 

The following is provided with respect to compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under which equity securities are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2019: 

Description of the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan:

On July 27, 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). The 2010 Plan permitted the granting of equity-based awards to our directors, officers, employees, consultants, independent contractors and affiliates. The 2010 Plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders in October 2010 and permitted the issuance of options that qualify as Incentive Stock Options pursuant to Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

As discussed below, the 2010 Plan has been replaced by a new stock option plan and no additional stock option grants will be granted under the 2010 Plan. However, as of December 31, 2019, there were options to purchase 474,666 shares which remain outstanding under the 2010 Plan that were awarded prior to the adoption of the 2016 Plan described below.

Description of the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan:

On July 18, 2016, the Board of Directors unanimously approved the adoption of the Enservco Corporation 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”), which was approved by the stockholders on September 29, 2016. The 2016 Plan is administered by our Board of Directors, which may in turn delegate authority to administer the 2016 Plan to a committee. Our plan administrator may make grants of cash and equity awards under the 2016 Plan to facilitate compliance with Section 162(m) of the Code. Subject to the terms of the 2016 Plan, the plan administrator may determine the recipients, numbers and types of awards to be granted, and the terms and conditions of the awards, including the period of their exercisability and vesting. On November 29, 2017, the Board of Directors established a compensation committee that will administer the 2016 Plan.

The aggregate number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the 2016 Plan will not exceed 10,391,711 shares through September 29, 2026 (the stated life of the 2016 plan). As of December 31, 2019, there were options to purchase 1,470,667 shares outstanding, 926,666 options had been exercised pursuant to the 2016 Plan, and 2,006,333 Restricted Stock Award shares outstanding under the 2016 Plan.

The 2016 Plan permits the granting of:

Unless sooner discontinued or terminated by the Board, the 2016 Plan will expire on September 29, 2026. No awards may be made after that date. However, unless otherwise expressly provided in an applicable award agreement, any award granted under the 2016 Plan prior to expiration extends beyond the expiration of the 2016 Plan through the award’s normal expiration date.

Without the approval of the Company’s stockholders, the Committee will not re-price, adjust or amend the exercise price of any options or the grant price of any SAR previously awarded, whether through amendment, cancellation and replacement grant or any other means, except in connection with a stock dividend or other distribution, including a stock split, merger or other similar corporate transaction or event, in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of the benefits, or potential benefits intended to be provided under the 2016 Plan.

Other Stock Compensation Arrangements:

In November 2012, the Company granted each of the principals of its existing investor relations firm a warrant to purchase 112,500 shares of the Company’s common stock (a total of 225,000 shares) for the firm’s part in creating awareness for the Company’s private equity placement, in November 2012, as discussed herein. The warrants were exercisable at $0.55 per share for a five-year term. Each of the warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis. The warrants also provide that subject to various conditions, the holders have piggy-back registration rights with respect to the shares of common stock that may be acquired upon the exercise of the warrants. None of these warrants remain outstanding at December 31, 2019.

In June 2017, in connection with a subordinated loan agreement, the Company granted Cross River Partners, L.P. two five-year warrants to buy an aggregate total of 1,612,902 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.31 per share, the average closing price of the Company’s common stock for the 20-day period ended May 11, 2017. The warrants had a grant-date fair value of $0.19 per share and vested in full on June 28, 2017. These warrants are accounted for as a liability in the balance sheet included in our financial statements included in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. On June 29, 2018, all of these warrants were exercised, resulting in the issuance of $1,612,902 shares of the Company's common stock, and resulting in proceeds of approximately $500,000 which were used to repay subordinated debt due to Cross River Partners, L. P. 

On November 11, 2019 Enservco and Cross River Partners, L.P. entered into an Amended and Restated Subordinated Loan Agreement (the “Amended Subordinated Loan”). The Amended Subordinated Loan increases the principal of the subordinated debt by $500,000 from $2.0 million to $2.5 million and provides Cross River Partners with a five-year warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.20 per share which are fully vested upon issuance.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities 

On November 30, 2017, a principal of the Company’s investor relations firm exercised common stock warrants to purchase 112,500 shares of Common Stock, $0.005 par value, of the Company. The warrants were granted pursuant to an investor relations services agreement between the Company and that firm as partial compensation for that firm’s part in creating awareness for the Company’s private equity placement in November 2012. The warrants were exercisable at $0.55 per share for a five-year term ending on November 30, 2017. Pursuant to the terms of the warrant agreement, the warrants were exercised on a cashless basis and resulted in the issuance of 26,729 shares of common stock to the holder, and no cash proceeds to the Company. There were no underwriters involved in any of the exercise transactions, and the Company paid no commissions or other remuneration as a result of the exercise of the warrants. The holder of the warrant to whom the shares were issued is an existing security holder of the Company and represented to the Company that he is an accredited investor; therefore, the shares were issued in reliance upon the exemptions from registration provided in Section 3(a)(9), and Sections 4(a)(2) and (5) of the Securities Act, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder.  The transaction was made without any form of advertising or general solicitation, and the holder of the warrant represented to the Company that he intended to acquire the shares for investment purposes only and without a view toward further distribution.

On June 29, 2018, Cross River Partners, L.P. ("Cross River") exercised warrants to acquire 1,612,902 shares of our common stock. Proceeds of $500,000 were used to reduce the principal balance of a subordinated loan held by Cross River. There were no underwriters involved in the transaction and the Company issued the shares to Cross River in reliance on the exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as a transaction not involving a public offering under Section 4(a)(2) of that act.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this Item.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion provides information regarding the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and our financial condition, liquidity and capital resources as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which contain further detailed information, as well as the Risk Factors and the Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements included above.

Going Concern

Our financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis, which contemplates the continuity of normal business activities and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. We incurred a net loss of $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. As of the balance sheet date of this report we had total current liabilities of $39.4 million, which exceeded our total current assets of $8.7 million by $30.7 million. We are in breach of two of our covenants as well as failed to pay an overadvance that has continued through the date of this report related to the 2017 Credit Agreement (as discussed in Note 7 of the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements), resulting in our borrowings payable of $34.0 million being classified in current liabilities. We have very limited liquidity and expect negative cash flow from operations in the near term.

We are also currently negotiating and working with East West Bank in an effort to obtain a waiver for our breaches of the 2017 Credit Agreement. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our renegotiation of the 2017 Credit Agreement and our ability to further reduce costs and raise further capital, of which there can be no assurance. Further, there can be no assurance that we will successfully obtain a waiver from the East West Bank or maintain or increase our cash flows from operations. Given our current financial situation we may be required to accept terms on the transactions that we are seeking that are onerous to us. These factors raise substantial doubt over our ability to continue as a going concern and whether we will realize our assets and extinguish our liabilities in the normal course of business and at the amounts stated in the financial statements.

OVERVIEW

The Company, through its subsidiary, Heat Waves Hot Oil Service, LLC ("Heat Waves"), provides a range of oil field services to the domestic onshore oil and gas industry through two segments:  1) Production services, which include hot oiling and acidizing, and 2) Completion services, which includes frac water heating. The Company owns and operates a fleet of approximately 390  specialized trucks, trailers, frac tanks and other well-site related equipment and serves customers in several major domestic oil and gas areas, including the DJ Basin/Niobrara area in Colorado and Wyoming, the Bakken area in North Dakota, the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico, the Marcellus and Utica Shale areas in Pennsylvania and Ohio, the Jonah area, Green River and Powder River Basins in Wyoming, the Eagle Ford Shale in Texas and the Stack and Scoop plays in the Anadarko Basin in Oklahoma.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 

Executive Summary 

Revenues for 2019 increased $266,000, or 1%, over 2018, due to generally stable industry conditions that deteriorated significantly in the fourth quarter of 2019 and have continued through 2020 to date. During the year we reallocated some of our assets to better performing basins, increased our market share for completion services through the Adler acquisition and revamped our executive team. Also, in 2019, we ceased operations of Heat Waves Water Management. During 2018, we also ceased operations of Dillco Fluid Service, Inc. and our Heat Waves location in Kansas, while increasing our presence in the Powder River Basin in eastern Wyoming, due to our outlook for activity levels in each location.

Segment profits for 2019 decreased by approximately $863,000 or 9%, to a profit of approximately $8.4 million from a profit of approximately $9.3 million in 2018 due to a combination of higher fixed cost due to the acquisition of Adler Hot Oil Services, location consolidation costs, and downward pricing pressures affecting our frac water heating services. Selling, general, & administrative expenses, excluding severance and transition costs and acquisition-related expenses, increased by approximately $960,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to 2018, due primarily to general office expenses, related primarily to redundant Adler personnel, facilities, and related costs carried through the heating season which have steadily been eliminated since late in the second quarter of 2019. These duplicative costs were due, in large part, to the timing of the Adler acquisition coinciding with the start of heating season. We also made investments in our IT infrastructure, establishing an electronic dispatch and ticketing system. In 2019, the resignation of our Chief Financial Officer resulted in Severance and Transition costs of approximately $83,000. In 2018, the resignations of an officer and the Senior Vice President of Operations resulted in Severance and Transition costs of approximately $633,000. Interest expense for 2019 increased by approximately $577,000 due to a higher average borrowing balance related to the Adler acquisition, an increase in our borrowing rate due to the default in June 2019, and our increased time to collection on certain customer receivables which was resolved in the third quarter of 2019.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company incurred a net loss of approximately $7.7 million, or $0.14 per share, compared to a net loss of $5.9 million, or $0.11 per share, last year primarily due to the cost items and business dynamics noted above.

Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2019 was approximately $2.8 million compared to approximately $4.7 million in 2018. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP number, and for a reconciliation to GAAP, see "Adjusted EBITDA" below.

Industry Overview 

During 2019, WTI crude oil price averaged approximately $56.05 per barrel, versus an average of approximately $64.90 per barrel in 2018. The North American rig count declined to 805 rigs in operation as of December 31, 2019, compared to 1,080 at the same time a year ago.  Despite the lower oil price environment and reduced rig count, we have grown our customer base and allocated resources to the most active basins. We are focused on increasing utilization levels and optimizing the deployment of our equipment and workforce while maintaining high standards for service quality and safe operations. We compete on the basis of the quality, breadth of our service offerings, and price.

The United States rig count bottomed out at approximately 400 in the spring of 2016 and increased to approximately 805 as of December 31, 2019 compared to approximately 1,080 at December 31, 2018, which translated into decreased activity for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to 2018. 

In early March of 2020, the market experienced a precipitous decline in oil prices in response to oil demand concerns due to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 virus and anticipated increases in supply from Russia and OPEC, particularly Saudi Arabia. While the impact of this oil price decline has yet to be felt in demand for our services, we expect that our customers will reduce activity during this period of commodity price weakness and will also seek price reductions for our services. 

Segment Overview

Enservco’s reportable business segments are Production Services and Completion Services. These segments have been selected based on management’s resource allocation and performance assessment in making decisions regarding the Company.

The following is a description of the segments.

Production Services: This segment utilizes a fleet of hot oil trucks and acidizing units to provide maintenance services to the domestic oil and gas industry. These services include hot oil services and acidizing services.

Completion Services: This segment utilizes a fleet of frac water heating units to provide frac water heating services and related support services to the domestic oil and gas industry. 

Unallocated and other includes general overhead expenses and assets associated with managing all reportable operating segments which have not been allocated to a specific segment.

Segment Results:

The following tables set forth revenue from operations and segment profits for our business segments for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

Production Services: 

For 2019, production service revenue increased $166,000, or 1%, to $14.7 million. This increase was primarily attributable to our increased capacity and customer base as a result of the acquisition of Adler.

Hot oil revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019, increased 6% to $12.4 million compared to $11.7 million in 2018. The increase was primarily due to the increase in our fleet size and market share in the basins we serve as a result of the acquisition of Adler, as well as to growth in our customer base in our Central USA region.

Acidizing revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019, decreased 20% to $2.3 million compared to $2.9 million in 2018. The year-over-year decline was primarily driven by a decline in services performed for two customers in the Green River Basin and Eagle Ford Shale, who changed their maintenance program. The decline was partially offset by new customer wins and growth in services performed for other customers and in new areas. The Company continues to pursue customers and partner with chemical suppliers to develop new cost-effective acid programs in seeking to expand our acidizing services across our service areas.

Segment profits for our production services decreased $545,000, or 33% in 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to the investment in seeking to grow the business in southern Texas which included additional hiring and training costs as well as the cost to open a new satellite facility in Carizzo Springs, Texas.

Completion Services:

Frac water heating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019, remained flat compared to 2018. Our acquisition of Adler allowed us to realize revenue from several customers we did not previously perform significant work for, and allowed us to increase services to other customers, particularly in the Bakken and D-J Basin/Niobara. We also experienced increased demand in the Powder River, Marcellus and Utica shale basins during the first half of the year which helped to offset declining industry conditions, including lower commodity prices and decreased drilling rig activity, during the fourth quarter of 2019.

Geographic Areas:

The Company operates in three geographically diverse regions of the United States. The following table sets forth revenue from operations for the Company’s three geographic regions during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

Production segment revenue in the Rocky Mountain Region increased $310,000 or 5% for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the prior year primarily due to an increase in hot oiling activity in the D-J Basin/Niobara and Bakken areas. Completion segment revenues stayed flat for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018 due to a decreased demand for our services offset by our increased customer base and fleet size.

Production segment revenues in the Central USA region decreased approximately $111,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily due to the closure of two facilities partially offset by increased activity in the Eagle Ford Shale.

Production segment revenues in the Eastern USA region remained relatively flat for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily due to decreased activity levels in the Marcellus shale formation. 

Historical Seasonality of Revenues:

Because of the seasonality of our frac water heating business and, to a lesser extent, our hot oiling business, revenues generated during the cooler first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year, constitute our “heating season,” and are typically significantly higher than revenues during the second and third quarters of our fiscal year. In addition, the revenue mix of our service offerings changes outside our heating season as our Completion services (which includes frac water heating) typically decrease as a percentage of total revenues and our Production services increase as a percentage of total revenue. Thus, the revenues recognized in our quarterly financial statements in any given period are not indicative of the annual or quarterly revenues through the remainder of that fiscal year.

As an indication of this quarter-to-quarter seasonality, the Company generated revenues of $32.9 million, or 76%, of its 2019 revenues during the first and fourth quarters of 2019 compared to $10.1 million, or 24%, of 2019 revenues during the second and third quarters of 2019. In 2018, the Company generated revenues of $32.6 million, or 76%, of its 2018 revenues during the first and fourth quarters of 2018 compared to $10.2 million, or 24%, of 2018 revenues during the second and third quarters of 2017. In an effort to grow our year-round hot oiling revenues, we recently introduced a commission program to attract and retain experienced hot oil operators, as these operators are able to retain customers in some cases regardless of which company the operator works for.

Direct Operating Expenses:

Direct operating expenses, which include labor costs, propane, fuel, chemicals, truck repairs and maintenance, supplies, insurance, and site overhead costs for our operating segments increased by approximately $1.1 million or 3% during 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to Adler-related costs in the first half of 2019, and investment in growth in South Texas and Wyoming. 

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses:

Sales, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $960,000, or 18%, to $6.2 million in 2019 compared to $5.2 million in 2018 primarily due to an increase in our bad debt reserve, an increase in compensation costs for our larger management team and an increase in general office expenses, both partially due to our acquisition of Adler, and an increase in professional fees related to investment in our IT infrastructure and processes.

Patent Litigation and Defense Costs:

Patent litigation and defense costs for the year ended December 31, 2019 declined to $10,000 compared to $80,000 for 2018. As discussed in Item 3. – Litigation, the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado issued a decision on March 15, 2019 to dismiss this case in its entirety without any finding of liability of  Enservco or Heat Waves. We expect costs related to our defense of such claim to be minimal going forward.

Depreciation and Amortization:

Depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased approximately $821,000, or 17%, from 2018 due to depreciation on equipment acquired in the Adler acquisition, partially offset by additional equipment becoming fully depreciated during 2019.

Severance and Transition Costs:

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized costs of approximately $83,000 related to the departure of its former Chief Financial Officer. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized costs of approximately $633,000, related to the departure of a former officer and the former Senior Vice President of Field Operations. The costs incurred during 2018 primarily consist of payments to the former officer and Senior Vice President of Field Operations, but also include acceleration of stock-based compensation costs. 

Income (Loss) from operations:

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized a loss from operations of $3.6 million compared to a loss of $1.4 million for 2018. The increased loss of $2.2 million was primarily due to a decrease in segment profits, and an increase in sales, general and administrative expenses described above.

Interest Expense:

Interest expense increased approximately $577,000, or 26%, from 2018. The increase in our average borrowings along with increased interest rates on our floating rate debt partially offset the decrease from the accelerated charges. 

Discontinued Operations:

Loss from discontinued operations increased approximately $525,000 or 29% from 2018. Loss from discontinued operations for the year ended included an impairment loss on assets held-for-sale of approximately $130,000 partially offset by a gain on disposal of equipment of approximately $129,000.

Income Taxes:

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had recorded a full valuation allowance on a net deferred tax asset of $4.9 million. Our income tax provision of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, reduced the gross amount of the deferred tax asset and we reduced the valuation allowance by a like amount which resulted in a net tax expense of approximately $32,000. Income tax expense was approximately $32,000 in 2019, compared to a tax expense of $32,000 in 2018. 

Adjusted EBITDA*:

Management believes that, for the reasons set forth below, Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP measure) is a valuable measurement of the Company's liquidity and performance and is consistent with the measurements offered by other companies in Enservco's industry.

The following table presents a reconciliation of our net income to Adjusted EBITDA for years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

*Note: See below for discussion of the use of non-GAAP financial measurements.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures: Non-GAAP results are presented only as a supplement to the financial statements and for use within management’s discussion and analysis based on U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The non-GAAP financial information is provided to enhance the reader's understanding of the Company’s financial performance, but no non-GAAP measure should be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of the most directly comparable GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures are provided herein.

EBITDA is defined as net income, before interest expense, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA excludes noncash stock-based compensation from EBITDA and, when appropriate, other items that management does not utilize in assessing the Company’s ongoing operating performance as set forth in the next paragraph. None of these non-GAAP financial measures are recognized terms under GAAP and do not purport to be an alternative to net income as an indicator of operating performance or any other GAAP measure.

All of the items included in the reconciliation from net income to EBITDA and from EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA are either (i) non-cash items (e.g., depreciation, amortization of purchased intangibles, stock-based compensation, impairment losses, etc.) or (ii) items that management does not consider to be useful in assessing the Company’s ongoing operating performance (e.g., income taxes, gain or losses on sale of equipment, acquisition-related expenses, patent litigation and defense costs, severance and transition costs, the gain on settlement as discussed in Note 4 of the accompanying  Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, impairment loss, one-time software expenses, the expenses to consolidate former Adler facilities, other expense (income), EBITDA related to discontinued operations, etc.). In the case of the non-cash items, management believes that investors can better assess the company’s operating performance if the measures are presented without such items because, unlike cash expenses, these adjustments do not affect the Company’s ability to generate free cash flow or invest in its business.

We use, and we believe investors benefit from the presentation of, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating our operating performance because it provides us and our investors with an additional tool to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations. We believe that EBITDA is useful to investors and other external users of our financial statements in evaluating our operating performance because EBITDA is widely used by investors to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, and depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired. Additionally, our fixed charge coverage ratio covenant associated with our 2017 Credit Agreement with East West Bank require the use of Adjusted EBITDA in specific calculations.

Because not all companies use identical calculations, the Company’s presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. However, these measures can still be useful in evaluating the Company’s performance against its peer companies because management believes the measures provide users with valuable insight into key components of GAAP financial disclosures.

Changes in Adjusted EBITDA*

Adjusted EBITDA from operations declined $1.9 million to $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to an adjusted EBITDA of $4.7 million for 2018, primarily due the increase in sales, general, and administrative expenses and the decline in segment profits as described above. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The following table summarizes our statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and (combined with the working capital table and discussion below) is important for understanding our liquidity (amounts in thousands):

The following table sets forth a summary of certain aspects of our balance sheet at December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Overview: 

We do not currently generate adequate revenue to satisfy our current operations and expect we will need substantial additional capital to maintain operations for at least the remainder of 2020 absent a significant increase in demand for our services, which we do not expect. We cannot assure that we will be successful in raising additional debt or equity capital, if at all. We incurred significant net operating losses during the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2018, which raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We are also in breach of two of our covenants under the 2017 Credit Agreement resulting in our borrowings thereunder of $34.0 million being classified as current liability, as well as failure to pay an overadvance that has continued through the date of this report. Accordingly, our financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis, which contemplates the continuity of normal business activities and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. We are also currently negotiating and working with East West Bank in an effort to obtain a waiver for our breaches of the 2017 Credit Agreement. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our renegotiation of the 2017 Credit Agreement and our ability to further reduce costs and raise further capital, of which there can be no assurance. Further, there can be no assurance that we will successfully obtain a waiver from the East West Bank or maintain or increase our cash flows from operations. Given our current financial situation we may be required to accept terms on the transactions that we are seeking that are less favorable than would be otherwise available.

We have relied on cash flow from operations, borrowings under our revolving credit agreements, and equity and debt offerings to satisfy our liquidity needs. Our ability to fund operating cash flow shortfalls, fund capital expenditures, and make acquisitions will depend upon our future operating performance and on the availability of equity and debt financing. At December 31, 2019, we did not have any availability under the New Credit Facility. Our capital requirements for 2020 are anticipated to include, but are not limited to, operating expenses, debt servicing, and capital expenditures, including maintenance of our existing fleet of assets. 

As described in more detail in Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements” of this report, on August 10, 2017, we entered into the 2017 Credit Agreement with East West Bank which provides for a three-year $30 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “2017 Credit Facility”), that replaced the $30 million senior secured revolving credit Facility (the “Prior Credit Facility”) provided under the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the “2014 Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, National Association (“PNC”). 

The 2017 Credit Agreement allows us to borrow up to 85% of our eligible receivables and up to 85% of the appraised value of our eligible equipment. We used initial proceeds of approximately $21.8 million to repay all amounts due pursuant to the 2014 Credit Agreement, and pay other closing costs and fees. 

In connection with the acquisition of Adler Hot Oil Service, LLC, on October 26, 2018 (the "Adler Acquisition"), Enservco and East West Bank entered into a Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement and Consent (the “Second Amendment”), which amended the 2017 Credit Agreement. Pursuant to the Second Amendment to LSA, East West Bank consented to the Adler Acquisition and increased the maximum borrowing limit of the senior secured revolving credit facility provided to Enservco under the 2017 Credit Agreement to $37.0 million. Proceeds of $6.2 million from the increased senior secured revolving credit facility were used in the Adler Acquisition to make the cash payments at closing and retire the indebtedness of Adler. In connection with the Second Amendment the capital expenditure limitation contained within the Loan Agreement was increased to $3.0 million from $2.5 million.  On August 12, 2019, we entered into the Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement and Waiver with East West Bank that (i) waived a covenant default; (ii) provided for slightly higher interest rates on borrowings under the 2017 Credit Facility; and (iii) reduced our allowable capital expenditures in any fiscal year from $3.0 million to $1.5 million.

On October 26, 2018, in connection with the Second Amendment to LSA, Adler entered into a Joinder Agreement, pursuant to which Adler was joined as a party to the Loan Agreement.

On November 11, 2019 Enservco and Cross River Partners, L.P. entered into an Amended and Restated Subordinated Loan Agreement (the “Amended Subordinated Loan”). The Amended Subordinated Loan increases the principal of the subordinated debt by $500,000 from $2.0 million to $2.5 million and provides Cross River Partners with a five-year warrant to purchase 625,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.20 per share which are fully vested upon issuance.

As of December 31, 2019, we had an outstanding principal loan balance under the 2017 Credit Agreement of approximately $34.0 million with weighted-average interest rates of 5.47% per year for the $28.0 million of outstanding LIBOR Rate borrowings and 6.75% per year for the $6.0 million of outstanding prime rate borrowings.

The 2017 Credit Agreement has certain customary financial covenants and consisted of the following as of December 31, 2019, as described below:

On January 6, 2020, the Company received a notice (the “Default Notice”) from East West Bank regarding events of default of the Company with respect to the 2017 Credit Agreement.

The Default Notice indicates that the Company is in default under the 2017 Credit Agreement as a result of its:

The Default Notice indicated that although East West Bank was not as of January 6, 2020, exercising its rights and remedies available as a result of the events of default, it specifically did not waive its rights and remedies resulting from the events of default and it reserves all other available rights and remedies under the Credit Agreement, certain other related documents and applicable law.

We are also currently negotiating and working with East West Bank in an effort to obtain a waiver for our breaches of the 2017 Credit Agreement. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our renegotiation of the 2017 Credit Agreement and our ability to further reduce costs and raise further capital, of which there can be no assurance. Further, there can be no assurance that we will successfully obtain a waiver from the East West Bank or maintain or increase our cash flows from operations. Given our current financial situation we may be required to accept terms on the transactions that we are seeking that are onerous to us. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on achievement of significantly increased revenues, raising equity or additional debt and/or a combination transaction with another entity. If we are not able to generate the funds needed to cover our ongoing expenses, then we may be forced to cease operations or seek bankruptcy protection, in which event our stockholders could lose their entire investment.

Liquidity:

As of December 31, 2019, our available liquidity was $663,000 which represented our cash balance and we did not have any availability on the 2017 Credit Facility (subject to a covenant requirement that we maintain $1.5 million of available liquidity in periods where our fixed charge coverage ratio is less than 1.2:1). We utilize the 2017 Credit Facility to fund working capital requirements and investments, and during the year ended December 31, 2019, we received net cash proceeds from our various lines of credit of approximately $61,000 and additionally received $125,000 in non-cash proceeds to fund expenses related to the notes. 

Working Capital:

As of December 31, 2019, we had negative working capital of approximately $31.0 million compared to working capital of $6.1 million as of December 31, 2018. The decrease in working capital was primarily attributable to the classification of our 2017 Credit Agreement to short term as well as the short term note payable to the seller of Adler, partially offset by a decrease in our other current liabilities as of December 31, 2019, compared to December 31, 2018. 

Deferred Tax Asset, net:

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had recorded a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to zero. 

Cash flow from Operating Activities:

Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased approximately $3.1 million to $4.5 million compared to cash used in operating activities of $1.3 million during 2018, primarily due to (i) the increase in cash provided by the monetization of accounts receivable and the increase in cash flows related to the change in accounts payable balances during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018 partially offset by the increase in Net Loss..

Cash flow from Investing Activities:

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $457,000 compared to $7.3 million during 2018. The decrease is primarily attributable to the acquisition of Adler, as described in more detail Note 4 to our financial statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements” of this report. 

Cash flow from Financing Activities:

Cash used in financing activities for year ended December 31, 2019 was $3.6 million compared to cash provided by financing activities of $5.8 million for the year ended 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received proceeds from our revolving credit facility to fund the acquisition of Adler. The change is due to our repayment of the Seller Subordinated Note related to the purchase of Adler.

Outlook: 

Over the past two years we have invested significantly in process improvement initiatives designed to make the Company operate more efficiently and take better advantage of our expanded fleet and national leadership position in frac water heating. We face a very difficult operating environment in 2020 with exploration and production companies significantly cutting back their drilling and completions plans and exerting significant pressure on us to reduce our prices for the services we provide. Additionally, as indicated above, we are in default under out 2017 Credit Agreement and we will need additional debt or equity capital to continue operations through 2020. We cannot assure that we will raise such capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Due to our lack of capital we may be forced to curtail operations in some or all of our locations which will materially adversely affect our revenues and our ability to continue as a going concern. In the event we are able to continue as a going concern, our long-term goals include driving increased fleet utilization, optimizing fleet deployment, driving further operating efficiencies through technology and proactive cost management, and de-levering our balance sheet.  Our business is heavily dependent on exploration and production activity levels, which fluctuate based on commodity prices, capital budgets and other factors. Activity levels have significantly declined in the fourth quarter of 2019 due to year-end capital budget exhaustion, decreases in drilling and completion activity and substantial price decreases for crude oil and natural gas that occurred during the first quarter of 2020.  Those declines may be partially mitigated by demand for our Production Services.  We continue to seek opportunities to expand our business operations through organic growth, including increasing the volume of current services offered to our new and existing customers. We will also continue to expand our customer relationships while maintaining an appropriate balance between recurring maintenance work and drilling and completion related services.

Capital Commitments and Obligations:

Our capital obligations as of December 31, 2019 consist primarily the 2017 Credit Agreement which matures August 10, 2020. In addition, we also have scheduled principal payments under certain term loans and operating leases. General terms and conditions for amounts due under these commitments and obligations are summarized in the notes to the financial statements.  As discussed above, our lender under the 2017 Credit Agreement has declared us to be in default on our $34.0 million of indebtedness due to it and has reserved all its rights and remedies under the agreement including the right to accelerate and declare our loans due and payable and to foreclose on the collateral pledged, in whole or in part.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of December 31, 2019, we had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to our stockholders.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make a variety of estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and (ii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods covered by the financial statements.

Our management routinely makes judgments and estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. As the number of variables and assumptions affecting the future resolution of the uncertainties increase, these judgments become even more subjective and complex. Although we believe that our estimates and assumptions are reasonable, actual results may differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates and assumptions based upon actual results may have a material impact on our results of operation and/or financial condition. Our significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

While all of the significant accounting estimates are important to the Company’s financial statements, the following accounting policies and the estimates derived there from have been identified as being critical. 

Going Concern

Our financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis, which contemplates the continuity of normal business activities and the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. We incurred a net loss of $7.7 for the year ended December 31, 2019. As of the balance sheet date of this report we had total current liabilities of $39.4 million, which exceeded our total current assets of $8.7 million by $30.7 million. We are in breach of two of our covenants and have failed to repay overadvance that has continued through the date of this report related to the 2017 Credit Agreement (as discussed in Note 7 of the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements), resulting in our borrowings payable of $34.0 million being classified in current liabilities.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on the renegotiation of the 2017 Credit Agreement and/or raising further capital. These factors raise substantial doubt over our ability to continue as a going concern and whether we will realize our assets and extinguish our liabilities in the normal course of business and at the amounts stated in the financial statements.

We are currently negotiating with East West Bank, however given our current financial situation we may be forced to accept terms on these transactions that are less favorable than would be otherwise available. As of the date of this report East West Bank has not waived our breaches of the 2017 Credit Agreement.

Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable are stated at the amounts billed to customers, net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts. The Company provides an allowance for uncollectable accounts based on a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information and existing economic conditions. The allowance for uncollectible amounts is continually reviewed and adjusted to maintain the allowance at a level considered adequate to cover future losses. The allowance is management's best estimate of uncollectible amounts and is determined based on historical collection experience related to accounts receivable coupled with a review of the current status of existing receivables. The losses ultimately incurred could differ materially in the near term from the amounts estimated in determining the allowance.

Long-Lived Assets:

The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. The Company looks primarily to the discounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether or not long-lived assets have been impaired. 

Income Taxes:

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets based on the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities will be recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred income taxes are classified as a net current or non-current asset or liability based on the classification of the related asset or liability for financial reporting purposes. A deferred tax asset or liability that is not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting is classified according to the expected reversal date. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that it believes is more likely than not expected to be realized.

The Company accounts for any uncertainty in income taxes by recognizing the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The application of income tax law is inherently complex. Laws and regulations in this area are voluminous and are often ambiguous.  As such, the Company is required to make many subjective assumptions and judgments regarding income tax exposures. Interpretations of and guidance surrounding income tax law and regulations change over time and may result in changes to the Company’s subjective assumptions and judgments which can materially affect amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income. The result of the reassessment of the Company’s tax positions did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Interest and penalties associated with tax positions are recorded in the period assessed as income tax expense. The Company files income tax returns in the United States and in the states in which it conducts its business operations. The Company’s United States federal income tax filings for tax years 2014 through 2018 remain open to examination. In general, the Company’s various state tax filings remain open for tax years 2014 to 2018.

Business Combinations.

We utilize the purchase method to account for acquisitions of businesses and assets. The value of the purchase consideration takes into account the degree to which the consideration is objective and measurable such as cash consideration paid to a seller. Pursuant to purchase method accounting, we allocate the cost of the acquisition to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on fair values as of the acquisition date. The purchase price allocations are based on appraisals, discounted cash flows, quoted market prices and estimates by management. 

In estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, we make various assumptions. The most significant assumptions relate to the estimated fair values assigned to intangible assets. To estimate the fair values of these assets, we employed the income, market, or a cost approach, as appropriate. The income valuation method represents the present value of future cash flows over the life of the asset using: (i) discrete financial forecasts, which rely on management’s estimates of volumes, commodity prices, revenue and operating expenses; (ii) long-term growth rates; and (iii) appropriate discount rates. The market valuation method uses prices paid for a reasonably similar asset by other purchasers in the market, with adjustments relating to any differences between the assets. The cost valuation method is based on the replacement cost of a comparable asset at prices at the time of the acquisition reduced for depreciation of the asset. 

Stock-based Compensation:

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this Item.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and

Board of Directors of Enservco Corporation

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Enservco Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018; the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the years then ended; and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

As discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method for accounting for leases in 2019 due to the adoption of the new lease standard. The Company adopted the new lease standard using a modified retrospective approach.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has substantial debt obligations that are due within one year. The ongoing capital and operating expenditures, including the debt interest payments, will vastly exceed the amount of cash on hand and the revenue the Company expects to generate from operations in the near future. These conditions, along with other matters as set forth in Note 2, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2009.

Denver, Colorado

March 19, 2020

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations 

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands) 

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands) 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

ENSERVCO CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements