Envirotech Vehicles, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 March (Form 10-Q)

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report") contains "forward-looking statements" that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance or condition and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievement to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "should," "will" and "would" or the negatives of these terms or other comparable terminology intended to identify statements about the future.

You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The special note set forth in this Quarterly Report, including in "Risk Factors" and elsewhere, identify important factors which you should consider in evaluating our forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things:

You should read this Quarterly Report and the documents that we reference elsewhere in this Quarterly Report completely and with the understanding that our actual results may differ materially from what we expect as expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in greater detail, particularly in Part I, Item 2 (Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) and in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of this Quarterly Report. In light of the significant risks and uncertainties to which our forward-looking statements are subject, you should not place undue reliance on or regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified timeframe, or at all. These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this Quarterly Report regardless of the time of delivery of this Quarterly Report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this Quarterly Report.

Unless expressly indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report to "Envirotech," the "Company," "we," "our," and "us" refer to Envirotech Vehicles, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

PARTY I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ENVIROTECH VEHICLES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

ENVIROTECH VEHICLES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

ENVIROTECH VEHICLES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Three Months Ended 2023 and 2022

(unaudited)

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

ENVIROTECH VEHICLES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

See Accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

ENVIROTECH VEHICLES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Envirotech Vehicles, Inc. (“we”, “us”, “our” or the “Company”) is a provider of purpose-built zero-emission electric vehicles focused on reducing the total cost of vehicle ownership and helping fleet operators unlock the benefits of green technology. The Company serves commercial and last-mile fleets, school districts, public and private transportation service companies, and colleges and universities to meet the increasing demand for light to heavy-duty electric vehicles. The Company’s vehicles address the challenges of traditional fuel price cost instability and local, state, and federal regulatory compliance.

On February 22, 2022, the Company announced Osceola, Arkansas, as the site of its state-of-the-art manufacturing facility and new corporate offices. The Company has moved into an approximately 580,000 square foot facility.

On June 28, 2022, we effected a 20-for-1 stock split of our common stock with no change to authorized shares of common stock. All share, restricted stock unit (“RSU”), and per share or per RSU information through this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split. The shares of common stock retain a par value of $0.00001 per share. Accordingly, an amount equal to the par value of the decreased shares resulting from the reverse stock split was reclassified from “Common Stock” to “Additional paid-in capital.”

Basis of Presentation—The consolidated financial statements and related disclosures include the consolidated balance sheet accounts as of March 31, 2023 and the consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 of Envirotech Vehicles, Inc. and subsidiaries. These consolidated financial statements are unaudited, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the Company’s opinion, these unaudited financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair statement of the results for the interim periods. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Envirotech Vehicles, Inc.'s audited financial statements for the years ended  December 31, 2022 and 2021 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on September 26, 2023. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Principles of Consolidation—The accompanying financial statements reflect the consolidation of the financial statements of Envirotech Vehicles, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiary Envirotech Drive Systems Incorporated, ADOMANI California, Inc., ADOMANI ZEV Sales, Inc., Zero Emission Truck and Bus Sales of Arizona, Inc., Envirotech Vehicles, Inc. (Philippines) and ZEV Resources, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments—The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 820, “Fair Value Measurement” defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. It also establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1:         Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2:         Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3:         Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data and that require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company does not have any assets or liabilities that are required to be measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Revenue Recognition—The Company recognizes revenue from the sales of zero-emission electric vehicles and vehicle maintenance and inspection services. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. At March 31, 2023, the Company did have a concentration of customers; six customers’ balances account for approximately 74 percent of the outstanding accounts receivable; for the three months ended March 31, 2023, 4 customers accounted for 100% of the reported revenue.

In applying ASC Topic 606, the Company is required to:

Product revenue includes the sale of electric trucks and cargo vans. These sales represent a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized when the vehicle is delivered and the customer has accepted the vehicle and signed the appropriate documentation acknowledging receipt of the vehicle. At this time, the title of the vehicle is transferred to the customer.

Cash and Cash Equivalents—The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The recorded value of our restricted cash and cash equivalents approximates their fair value. The Company had $60,684 and $60,399 restricted cash at March 31, 2023 and at December 31, 2022, respectively. The amounts at both dates relate to balances required by our bank to support certain minor activities. See Concentration of Credit Risk below in this Note.

Marketable Securities—The Company invests in short-term, highly liquid, marketable securities, such as U.S. Treasury notes, U.S. Treasury bonds, and other government-backed securities. The Company classifies these marketable securities as held-to-maturity, as the intent is not to liquidate them prior to the respective stated maturity date. At March 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the Company’s investments in marketable securities was $1,009,378. These securities had original maturity dates ranging from 154 days to 199 days, and at March 31, 2023, the remaining maturity dates on these securities ranged from 91 days to 182 days. Investments in marketable securities at  December 31, 2022 were $2,336,402.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—The Company establishes an allowance for bad debts through a review of several factors, including historical collection experience, current aging status of the customer accounts, and financial condition of its customers. The Company does not generally require collateral for its accounts receivable. The Company had trade accounts receivable of $2,160,732 as of March 31, 2023 and a recorded allowance for bad debt of $271,218 based on a review of factors noted above, resulting in a net trade accounts receivable balance of $1,889,514. The Company had trade accounts receivable of $2,344,909 as of December 31, 2022 and a recorded allowance for bad debt of $271,218, resulting in a net trade accounts receivable balance of $2,073,691. A significant portion of the Company’s sales are made to customers who qualify for state-sponsored grant programs which can cover a significant portion, up to all of a vehicle’s purchase price. Grant monies are paid directly to vehicle dealers like the Company after the customer and the dealer meet state requirements related to the transaction; reimbursements to the Company may take two to nine months from the date of request before being received. The Company does not provide an allowance for doubtful accounts related to sales made utilizing state grant funds, as those funds are guaranteed by the state(s) once awarded. The trade accounts receivable balance at March 31, 2023 is from credit-worthy customers, many of whom are our Company’s FARs, the  December 31, 2022 balance was in the collection process for guaranteed state grant funding subsequent to that date. Account receivable balances guaranteed by state grant funding as a percentage of total were 82% and 70% on March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As discussed above, at March 31, 2023, the Company did have a concentration of customers; six customers’ balances account for approximately 74 percent of the outstanding accounts receivable; for the three months ended March 31, 2023, 4 customers accounted for 100 percent of the reported revenue.

Inventory and Inventory Valuation Allowance—The Company records inventory at the lower of cost or market, and uses a First In, First Out (“FIFO”) accounting valuation methodology and establishes an inventory valuation allowance for vehicles that it does not intend to sell in the future. The Company had finished goods inventory on hand of $5,745,850 as of March 31, 2023 and recorded an inventory valuation allowance of $12,429 related to three vehicles that the Company does not intend to sell in the future as of March 31, 2023, resulting in a net inventory balance of $5,733,421 as of March 31, 2023. The Company had finished goods inventory on hand and a related inventory valuation of $5,683,755 and $12,429 allowance as of December 31, 2022, resulting in a net inventory balance of $5,671,326.

Inventory Deposits—Certain of our vendors require the Company to pay upfront deposits before they will commence manufacturing our vehicles, and then require progress deposits through the production cycle and before the finished vehicles are shipped. These deposits are classified as inventory deposits in the Balance Sheet. Upon completion of production acceptance by the Company, and passage of title to the Company, deposits are reclassified to inventory. The Company had inventory deposits of $5,169,872 and $4,829,933 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Deposits paid to one vendor accounted for 92 percent of the deposits outstanding at March 31, 2023.

Income Taxes—The Company uses the liability method, where deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting purposes.

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—The Company evaluates its uncertain tax positions and will recognize a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred as of the date of the financial statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The amount recognized is subject to estimate and management judgment with respect to the likely outcome of each uncertain tax position. The amount that is ultimately sustained for an individual uncertain tax position or for all uncertain tax positions in the aggregate could differ from the amount recognized. At  March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, management did not identify any uncertain tax positions.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share—Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the Company’s net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the Company’s net loss applicable to common stockholders by the diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding is the basic weighted number of shares of common stock adjusted for any potentially dilutive debt or equity securities. As of March 31, 2023, 608,266 shares of the Company’s common stock were subject to issuance upon the exercise of stock options then outstanding and 1,389,584 shares of the Company’s common stock were subject to issuance upon the exercise of warrants then outstanding.

Concentration of Credit Risk—The Company has credit risks related to cash and cash equivalents on deposit with a federally insured bank, as at times it exceeds the $250,000 maximum amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Additionally, the Company maintains cash and short-term securities invested at Arvest Bank, National Association (“Arvest”). Between FDIC and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) coverage, funds up to $750,000, which may include cash up to $500,000, are insured. In addition, Arvest provides excess insurance acquired by them from SIPC for unlimited per customer securities up to a $1 billion cap.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s bank required compensating balances for a subsidiary’s potential lease exposure and for the Company’s credit card limit, resulting in restricted cash of $60,684 at March 31, 2023.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets—Long-lived assets, including property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company evaluates these assets to determine potential impairment by comparing the carrying amount to the undiscounted estimated future cash flows of the related assets. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the assets are written down to their fair value. There was no impairment of long-lived assets, or property and equipment, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Goodwill—Goodwill represents the excess acquisition cost over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized and is subject to annual impairment testing on or between annual tests if an event or change in circumstance occurs that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. In testing for goodwill impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, the Company concludes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it can conclude the assessment. If the Company concludes otherwise, the Company is required to perform a quantitative analysis to determine the amount of impairment, if any. The Company has determined that it has one reporting unit, and based on both qualitative and quantitative analysis, it is management’s assessments at March 31, 2023, that $14,682,620 in goodwill did not experience impairment. The Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $37,093,047 for the year ended December 31, 2022 resulting in a goodwill balance of $14,682,620 on that date.

Research and Development—Costs incurred in connection with the development of new products and manufacturing methods are charged to operating expenses as incurred. Research and development costs were $70,888 during the three months ended March 31, 2023. There were no research and development costs for the three months ended March 31, 2022

Stock-Based Compensation—The Company accounts for employee stock-based compensation in accordance with the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”, which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their fair values. The fair value of the equity instrument is charged directly to compensation expense and credited to additional paid-in capital over the period during which services are rendered. Non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $87,144 was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Property and Equipment— Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Company provides for depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to five years, except leasehold improvements, which are being amortized over the shorter of its useful life or the lease term. Property and equipment qualify for capitalization if the purchase price exceeds $2,000. Major repairs and replacements, which extend the useful lives of equipment, are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the property. All other maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Leases—The Company accounts for leases as required by ASC Topic 842. The guidance requires companies to recognize leased assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and to disclose key information regarding leasing arrangements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements—Management has considered all recent accounting pronouncements issued, but not effective, and does not believe that they will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Components of property and equipment, net, consist of the following as of  March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Depreciation expense was $28,984 and $18,659 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

On June 15, 2021, the Company entered into an equipment financing agreement with Navitas Credit Corp. in connection with the purchase of certain inventory management software. The $63,576 loan is payable over twenty-four months, beginning in July 2021, with monthly payments of $2,648.99. The balance of this note is $5,298 and is classified as Notes Payable - Current on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets on  March 31, 2023.

On July 15, 2022, the Company entered into an equipment financing agreement with Wells Fargo in connection with the purchase of facility grounds equipment. The $18,755 loan is payable over 36 months, beginning in August 2022, with monthly payments of $521. The balance of this note is $21,360 of which $6,252 is classified as Notes Payable - current and $15,108 is classified as Notes Payable - Long Term on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets on March 31, 2023.

Effective June 15, 2022, the Company entered into a premium financing agreement with First Insurance Funding to finance certain insurance coverage. The $225,000 loan is payable over nine months, beginning in July 2022, and bears interest at 5.8% with monthly payments of $25,608. The balance of this note is zero on March 31, 2023.

Effective August 20, 2022, the Company entered into a second premium financing agreement with First Insurance Funding to finance other insurance coverages. The $214,088 loan is payable over nine months, beginning in September 2022, and bears interest at 6.3% with monthly payments of $24,416. The balance of this note is $48,451 and is classified as Notes Payable - Current on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets on March 31, 2023.

Effective August 4, 2022, EVT secured a line of credit from Centennial Bank. Borrowings under the line of credit bear interest at 2.75% annually. There is no maturity date for the line, but Centennial Bank may at any time, in its sole discretion and without cause, demand the Company immediately repay any and all outstanding obligations under the line of credit in whole or in part. The line is secured by the cash and cash equivalents maintained by the Company in its Centennial Bank accounts. Borrowings under the line may not exceed cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities balances up to $1,000,000. There was no principal amount outstanding on  March 31, 2023 and there is no current plan to borrow from it.

The Company’s outstanding warrants as of  March 31, 2023 is summarized as follows, and all were exercisable at that date.

In connection with the second closing of the Financing discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 26, 2022, the Company issued additional warrants to purchase up to 958,334 shares of its common stock, all of which were exercisable as of March 31, 2023. The Warrants issued as part of the Purchase Agreement related to the Financing contain a call provision whereby the Company, after the 13-month anniversary of the issuance date, and if the volume weighted average price of the common stock for such date exceeds four times the exercise price of the warrants for 20 consecutive trading days, may call the Warrants that have not previously been exercised, and the Warrant holders have ten trading days within which to exercise before the Warrants may be cancelled.

Approximately 12,833 stock warrants have expired in the three months ended March 31, 2023.

As of March 31, 2023, the outstanding warrants have no intrinsic value.

Stock Options

As a result of the Merger closing (see Notes 2 and 3) there were 649,643 fully vested stock options outstanding at March 15, 2021 that were previously issued by ADOMANI, Inc. and assumed in the Merger. The outstanding options at  March 31, 2023 consisted of the following:

On January 7, 2022, the Company’s Compensation Committee granted Phillip W. Oldridge, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, options to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share and options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.40 per share. The options vested immediately and expire on the tenth anniversary of grant.

On January 7, 2022, the Company’s Compensation Committee granted Susan M. Emry, the Company’s Executive Vice President, options to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share and options to purchase 40,893 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.40 per share. The options vested immediately and expire on the tenth anniversary of grant.

On January 31, 2022, the Company’s Compensation Committee granted Christian S. Rodich, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, options to purchase 2,763 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.62 per share and options to purchase 1,111 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $9.00 per share. The options vest ratably at 1/60th per month over five years and expire on the tenth anniversary of grant.

On March 15, 2022, options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock were exercised by the former President and CEO of the Company at a price of $2.40 per share, resulting in a payment to the Company of $120,000. Also on March 15, 2022, options to purchase an aggregate of 25,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $9.00 per share were forfeited by the former executive, as they were not exercised prior to their expiration on March 15, 2022.

As of March 31, 2023, outstanding options had intrinsic value of $355,670.

Restricted Shares

During the first quarter of 2023, the Company awarded 85,000 restricted shares to a vendor that will vest over a six-month period in exchange for marketing services to be provided over the same period. As a result, the Company recorded stock compensation expense of $87,144 during the three months ended March 31, 2023. These restricted shares were issued in the third quarter of 2023.

The Company has entered into lease agreements with SRI Professional Services, Incorporated (“SRI”), pursuant to which the Company leases equipment used in connection with the operation of its business (the “SRI Equipment Leases”). Phillip W. Oldridge, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, and a member of its board of directors, serves as an executive officer and a member of the board of directors of SRI. The SRI Equipment Leases provide for the leasing of two vehicles that commenced on January 1, 2020 and the combined rent under such leases is $3,880 per month, and a separate SRI Equipment Lease provides for a trailer lease that commenced on December 1, 2019, under which the rent is $3,891 per month. The total monthly payment obligation of the Company under the SRI Equipment Leases is $7,771. As a result of these agreements, the Company recorded rent expense of $23,312 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company has entered into a cancelable month-to-month lease with SRI (the “SRI Office Lease”), pursuant to which the Company has leased office and warehouse space in the Porterville, California area for a term that commenced on January 1, 2020. The monthly rent under the SRI Office Lease is $2,730. The Company recorded rent expense of $5,460 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 in connection with this agreement.

The Company has entered into a commercial lease agreement (the “ABCI Office Lease”) with Alpha Bravo Charlie, Inc. (“ABCI”) that commenced on April 1, 2020, for the lease of office space in Porterville, California. The monthly rent for this facility is $5,000. Phillip W. Oldridge, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, and a member of its board of directors, is a director of ABCI. The Company recorded rent expense of $20,600 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 in connection with this agreement.

During the first quarter of 2023, the Company reimbursed Phillip W. Oldridge, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, and a member of its board of directors, $81,269 for use of the CEO's personal airplane for certain business-related activities.

Other Agreements

On December 31, 2021, the Company entered into employment agreements with Phillip W. Oldridge (the “Oldridge Agreement”), its Chief Executive Officer, and with Susan M. Emry (the “Emry Agreement”), its Executive Vice President. According to the Oldridge Agreement, effective as of March 1, 2021, Mr. Oldridge will receive an annual base salary of $300,000, payable in semi-monthly installments consistent with the Company’s payroll practices. Mr. Oldridge will also receive participation in medical insurance, dental insurance, and the Company’s other benefit plans. Under the Oldridge Agreement, Mr. Oldridge will also receive an amount equal to five percent of the net income of the Company on an annual basis and will be eligible for a bonus at the sole discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”). The Oldridge Agreement also provides for an automobile monthly allowance of $1,500. Mr. Oldridge’s employment shall continue until terminated in accordance with the Oldridge Agreement. If Mr. Oldridge is terminated without cause or if he terminates his employment for good reason, Mr. Oldridge will be entitled to receive (i) one-year of base salary, (ii) reimbursement of reimbursable expenses in accordance with the Oldridge Agreement, (iii) any bonus that would have been payable within the twelve months following the date of termination, and (iv) the value of any accrued and unused paid time off as of the date of termination. According to the Emry Agreement, effective on January 1, 2022, Mrs. Emry will receive an annual base salary of $200,000 and will be eligible for a bonus at the sole discretion of the Board. Mrs. Emry will also receive participation in medical insurance, dental insurance, and the Company’s other benefit plans. Mrs. Emry’s employment shall continue until terminated in accordance with the Emry Agreement. If Mrs. Emry is terminated without cause or if she terminates her employment for good reason, Mrs. Emry will be entitled to receive (i) one-year of base salary, (ii) reimbursement of reimbursable expenses in accordance with the Emry Agreement, and (iii) the value of any accrued and unused paid time off as of the date of termination. There are no future minimum payments under the terms of both agreements as each party has a right to terminate the agreement without any contractual payments other than what has been stated in their respective contracts.

Future minimum payments under operating leases are not material.

Except as set forth below, we know of no material, existing or pending, legal proceedings against our Company, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation. There are no proceedings in which any of our directors, officers or affiliates, or any registered or beneficial stockholder, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest.

GreenPower Litigation

On December 17, 2019, GreenPower Motor Company Inc., a public company incorporated under the laws of British Columbia (“GreenPower”), of which Phillip W. Oldridge, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, , previously served as a senior officer and a member of its board of directors, filed a notice of civil claim, captioned GreenPower Motor Company Inc. v. Phillip Oldridge et al., Action No. S-1914285, in the Supreme Court of British Columbia, against Phillip Oldridge, his trust, EVTDS and certain other companies affiliated therewith. The notice of civil claim alleges that Mr. Oldridge breached certain fiduciary duties owed to GreenPower by working with certain parties in direct competition with and at the expense of GreenPower. GreenPower alleges that the Company conspired with Mr. Oldridge to build its business, competing products and unfairly compete with GreenPower. GreenPower seeks general damages, special damages and punitive damages, plus interest and costs against EVTDS. Fact discovery, through document disclosure and examinations for discoveries, in this matter remain ongoing. The Company has denied all claims, believes the lawsuit is without merit, and intends to vigorously defend the action.

On or about July 18, 2021, GreenPower and GP Greenpower Industries Inc., (collectively “the GreenPower entities”) filed a counterclaim against David Oldridge, Phillip Oldridge, the Company and other companies in Supreme Court of British Columbia Action No. S207532. The counterclaim alleges that David Oldridge, Phillip Oldridge, the Company and other companies committed the tort of abuse of process by causing 42 Design Works Inc., to commence a lawsuit against the GreenPower entities. Additionally, GreenPower entities also advanced claims against David Oldridge, Phillip Oldridge, the Company and other companies for conspiracy. The pleadings in this lawsuit have not closed and we intend to vigorously defend the counterclaim.

On February 8, 2022, GreenPower Motor Company, Inc., a Delaware Corporation, and GreenPower Motor Company Inc., a Canadian Corporation, filed a complaint captioned GreenPower Motor Company, Inc. v. Phillip Oldridge, et al., Case No. 5:22-cv-00252 in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The complaint names the Company and the following affiliated entities, officers, or directors: Phillip Oldridge, Envirotech Electric Vehicles Inc., Envirotech Drive Systems Incorporated US, Envirotech Drive Systems Incorporated Canada, Sue Emry, David Oldridge, S&P Financial and Corporate Services, Inc. GreenPower also named the Phillip Oldridge Trust and a purported entity called EVT Motors, Inc., but has since dismissed those parties. The complaint seeks an undisclosed amount of compensatory and punitive damages, injunctive relief to prevent the alleged anti-Competitive behavior, restitution for harm, an award of treble damages, and associate fees and costs. The complaint’s allegations are centered around the same assertions in the pending Canadian litigation.  On May 10, 2022, the Company, together with other defendants, filed a Motion to Dismiss and/or Stay the lawsuit pending the outcome of the Canadian litigation. The Court issued stay of this case pending resolution of parallel litigation in Canada between similar parties. GreenPower and defendants have agreed that the U.S. GreenPower case will not proceed while Canadian litigation is pending. The Company believes that the lawsuit is without merit and intends to vigorously defend the action.

Mollik Litigation - Resolved

On August 23, 2018, a purported class action lawsuit captioned M.D. Ariful Mollik v. ADOMANI, Inc. et al., Case No. RIC 1817493, was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Riverside against the Company, certain of its executive officers, Edward R. Monfort, the former Chief Technology Officer and a former director of ADOMANI, Inc., and the two underwriters of the Company’s offering of common stock under Regulation A in June 2017. This complaint alleges that documents related to our offering of common stock under Regulation A in June 2017 contained materially false and misleading statements and that all defendants violated Section 12(a)(2) of the Securities Act, and that the Company and the individual defendants violated Section 15 of the Securities Act, in connection therewith. The plaintiff seeks on behalf of himself and all class members: (i) certification of a class under California substantive law and procedure; (ii) compensatory damages and interest in an amount to be proven at trial; (iii) reasonable costs and expenses incurred in this action, including counsel fees and expert fees; (iv) awarding of rescission or recessionary damages; and (v) equitable relief at the discretion of the court.

On June 19, 2023, counsel for Electric Drivetrains and counsel for the Company participated in a mediation at which Electric Drivetrains and the Company executed a binding term sheet to completely resolve this matter. On July 18, 2023, Electric Drivetrains and all Defendants executed a Settlement Agreement for complete resolution of the case and dismissal against all Defendants with prejudice. No Company proceeds will be used to resolve this matter. On September 30, 2023, the Court dismissed this action with prejudice and the matter is completely resolved.

Brooks Litigation

On June 19, 2019, Alan K. Brooks, an ADOMANI investor, filed a complaint, captioned Alan K. Brooks v. ADOMANI, Inc., et al., Case No. 1-CV-349153 in the Superior Court of California for the County of Santa Clara, against the Company, certain of the Company’s executive officers and directors, two of the underwriters of the Company’s offering of common stock under Regulation A in June 2017, and certain of the underwriters’ personnel, among others (the “Brooks Case”). The complaint alleges that the Company and other defendants breached the terms of an agreement between Mr. Brooks and the Company by refusing to release 1,320,359 shares of ADOMANI, Inc. stock to Mr. Brooks. Mr. Brooks seeks damages of $13,500,000.00 plus interest and attorney’s fees. On September 20, 2019, Mr. Brooks filed his first amended complaint (“FAC”) reasserting his breach of contract claim and alleging five additional claims for (i) violations of Cal. Corp. Code Section 25401, (ii) fraud, negligent misrepresentation, (iv) elder abuse, and (v) unfair competition. The parties participated in mediation during which they resolved the matter. On March 7, 2022, the Court issued an Order approving the settlement and the parties are in the process of effectuating its terms. This case has now been completely dismissed.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company is a party to eight operating leases. Five of these leases are office or warehouse leases; the remaining three are equipment leases. The Company accounts for leases as required by ASC Topic 842. The Company has elected to apply the short-term lease exception to all leases of one year or less. In applying the guidance in ASC 842, the Company has determined that all current leases as of March 31, 2023 should be classified as short-term operating leases.

The Company has entered into the SRI Equipment Leases. Rent expense under the SRI Equipment Leases was $23,312 and $23,312 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company has entered into the SRI Office Lease. Rent expense under the SRI Office Lease was $5,460 and $2,730 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company has entered into the ABCI Office Lease. Rent expense under the ABCI Office Lease was $20,600 and $8,400 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company has entered into the Toledo Jet Center Lease for office space in the Ft. Lauderdale, Florida area effective February 15, 2022. The lease has a one-year term with the option to renew after one year. Rent expense for the Toledo Jet Center Lease for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and three months ended March 31, 2022, was $4,500 and $2,408, respectively.

In February 2017, the Company. signed a lease for storage space in Stockton, California to serve as a location to store vehicles and other equipment utilized for marketing and trade-show purposes. The lease is on a month-to-month basis and can be terminated by either party with 30-days’ notice. The total amount due monthly is $1,000.

In December 2019, the Company signed a lease for combined office space and warehouse location in Corona, California. The facility had been used to conduct research and development activity, stage materials, assemble and/or manufacture vehicles, perform pre-delivery inspections, test demo vehicles, and securely store vehicles, equipment, parts and finished goods vehicle inventories prior to November 2020 when ADOMANI, Inc. vacated its former corporate office space in Corona, California, and made such facility the new corporate office location in addition to its prior use. The lease is for a period of 36 months, commencing on January 1, 2020, and terminating on December 31, 2022. The base rent for the term of the lease was $495,720, with $265 due per month for fire sprinkler alarm monitoring and landscape maintenance. The base rent amount due monthly was $13,108 at commencement and would have escalated to $13,906 by its conclusion. However, the Company vacated the premises effective March 31, 2022, and the lease was taken over on April 1, 2022 by its sublease tenant, as discussed below.

On February 4, 2020, the Company. signed a sublease agreement with Masters Transportation, Inc. (“Masters”) for Masters to occupy a portion of the Corona, California, facility that the Company occupied effective January 1, 2020 (see above). The effective date of the Masters’ sublease was February 1, 2020, and it expires when the Company’s lease on the Corona, California facility expires on December 31, 2022. Under the sublease, Masters is obligated to pay the Company monthly rent payments in an amount equal to $6,000 at commencement and thereafter escalating to $6,365 by its conclusion. On April 1, 2022, Masters took over the remaining lease obligation for the facility.

As required by ASC 842, in conjunction with the Corona, California lease, the Company recognized an operating liability with a corresponding Right-Of-Use (“ROU”) asset of the same amounts based on the present value of the minimum rental payments of such lease. As of March 31, 2022, the ROU asset and related liability accounts were written off against each other due to the Company leaving the Corona California office and warehouse effective April 1, 2022 and to Masters taking over the remaining lease obligation for the facility.

In March 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with Berthaphil, Inc. to sublease approximately 3,600 squarer yards of a warehouse building based in the Clark Freeport Zone in the Philippines. The term of the lease is two years and two months with a turnover date of July 1, 2023 ("turnover date") and a rental commencement of September 1, 2023. Ther is a grace period of two months for rental payments starting from the turnover date. The monthly rent for the first year is $15,000, escalating to $15,750 for the second year and $16,530 for the remaining term. The sublease may be renewed for an additional period that is mutually agreed upon subject to certain terms and conditions. The Company intends to use the leased space as a production facility as it seeks to expand its business presence in the region and the United States.

Quantitative information regarding the Company’s leases is as follows:

   The Company evaluates subsequent events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the consolidated financial statements are issued. There are two types of subsequent events: (1) recognized, or those that provide additional evidence with respect to conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements, and (2) non-recognized, or those that provide evidence with respect to conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose subsequent to that date. There were no material transactions that occurred subsequently to March 31, 2023 that would require the Company to disclose in this filing.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and the results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”). This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties, and other factors include, among others, those identified under the “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, particularly in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors,” below.

Overview

We are a provider of purpose-built zero-emission electric vehicles focused on reducing the total cost of vehicle ownership and helping fleet operators unlock the benefits of green technology. We serve commercial and last-mile fleets, school districts, public and private transportation service companies and colleges and universities to meet the increasing demand for light to heavy-duty electric vehicles. Our vehicles address the challenges of traditional fuel price instability and local, state and federal regulatory compliance.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we generated sales revenue of $523,199 and $89,900, respectively, and our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $2,267,908. Our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $2,936,862.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that the growth and future success of our business depend on various opportunities, challenges and other factors, including the following:

COVID-19 pandemic. Global health concerns related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in social, economic and labor instability in the countries in which we or the third parties with whom we engage operate, and resulted in unexpected legal and regulatory changes, such as travel, social distancing and quarantine policies, boycotts, curtailment of trade, and other business restrictions that have negatively impacted our ability to procure and sell our products and provide our services. Accordingly, our future performance will depend in part upon our ability to successfully respond and adapt to these challenges. We have developed, and continue to develop, plans to address the ongoing effects and help mitigate the potential negative impact of the pandemic on our business.

Availability of government subsidies, rebates and economic incentives. We believe that the availability of government subsidies, rebates, and economic incentives is currently a critical factor considered by our customers when purchasing our zero-emission systems or converting their existing vehicles to zero-emission-electric or hybrids, and that our growth depends in large part on the availability and amounts of these subsidies and economic incentives. As an alternative to being dependent on such funding, however, we are exploring the possibility of leasing our vehicles to our customers as well.

New customers. We are competing with other companies and technologies to help fleet managers and their districts/companies more efficiently and cost-effectively manage their fleet operations. Once these fleet managers have decided they want to buy from us, we still face challenges helping them obtain financing options to reduce the cost barriers to purchasing. We may also encounter customers with inadequate electrical services at their facilities that may delay their ability to purchase from us.

Dependence on external sources of financing of our operations. We have historically depended on external sources for capital to finance our operations. Accordingly, our future performance will depend in part upon our ability to achieve independence from external sources for the financing of our operations.

Investment in growth. We plan to continue to invest for long-term growth. We anticipate that our operating expenses will increase in the foreseeable future as we invest in research and development to enhance our zero-emission electric vehicles and systems; design, develop and manufacture our commercial fleet vehicles and their components; increase our sales and marketing to acquire new customers; and increase our general and administrative functions to support our growing operations. We believe that these investments will contribute to our long-term growth, although they will adversely affect our results of operations in the near term. In addition, the timing of these investments can result in fluctuations in our annual and quarterly operating results.

Zero-emission electric vehicle experience. Our dealer and service network are not currently completely established, although we do have certain agreements in place. One issue they may have, and we may encounter, is finding appropriately trained technicians with zero-emission electric fleet vehicle experience. Our performance will depend on having a robust dealer and service network, which will require appropriately trained technicians to be successful. Because vehicles that utilize our technology are based on a different technology platform than traditional internal combustion engines, individuals with sufficient training in zero-emission electric vehicles may not be available to hire, and we may need to expend significant time and expense training the employees we do hire. If we are not able to attract, assimilate, train or retain additional highly qualified personnel in the future, or do so cost-effectively, our performance would be significantly and adversely affected.

Market growth. We believe the market for all-electric solutions for alternative fuel technology, specifically all-electric vehicles, will continue to grow as more purchases of new zero-emission vehicles and as more conversions of existing fleet vehicles to zero-emission vehicles are made. However, unless the costs to produce such vehicles decrease dramatically, purchases of our products will continue to depend in large part on financing subsidies from government agencies. We cannot be assured of the continued availability, the amounts of such assistance to our customers, or our ability to access such funds.

Sales revenue growth from additional products. We seek to add to our product offerings additional zero-emission vehicles of all sizes to be marketed, sold, warrantied and serviced through our developing distribution and service network, as well as add other ancillary products discussed elsewhere in this report.

Third-party contractors, suppliers and manufacturers. We rely upon third parties to supply us with raw materials, parts, components and services in adequate quantity in a timely manner and at reasonable prices, quality levels, and volumes acceptable to us.

Components of Results of Operations

Sales

Sales are recognized from the sales of new, purpose-built zero-emission electric vehicles and from providing vehicle maintenance and safety inspection services. Sales are recognized in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, as discussed in Note 2 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales includes those costs related to the development, manufacture, and distribution of our products. Specifically, we include in cost of sales each of the following: material costs (including commodity costs); freight costs; labor and other costs related to the development and manufacture of our products; and other associated costs. Cost of sales also includes costs related to the valuation of inventory due to impairment, obsolescence, or shrinkage.

General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses include all corporate and administrative functions that support our company, including personnel-related expense and stock-based compensation costs; costs related to investor relations activities; warranty costs, including product recall and customer satisfaction program costs; consulting costs; marketing-related expenses; and other expenses that cannot be included in cost of sales.

Consulting and Research and Development Costs

These expenses are related to our consulting and research and development activity.

Other Income/Expenses, Net

Other income/expenses include non-operating income and expenses, including interest income and expense.

Provision for Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 740 “Income Taxes,” which requires the recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under FASB ASC 740, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period the enactment occurs. A valuation allowance is provided for certain deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that we will not realize tax assets through future operations. Because we have incurred only losses to this point, no provision for income taxes has been made in 2023.

Results of Operations

The following discussion compares operating data for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to the corresponding period ended March 31, 2022:

Sales

Sales were $523,199 and $89,900 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of six logistic cargo vans sold primarily to customers in New Jersey who utilized a voucher from the NJ ZIP program. Sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 consisted of one cab and chassis truck sold primarily to New Jersey customers utilizing the NJ ZIP program. The increase in sales was primarily due to an increase in the number of vehicles sold and an increase in average selling price as a result of a more favorable product mix.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales were $404,836 and $76,427 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2023 consisted of the costs related to the sale of the vehicles sold as described above. 

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $2,165,532 and $2,882,848 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease of $717,316  was primarily related to a $1,527,699 decrease of non-cash stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by increase in payroll-related expenses of $377,616 as we seek to expand our employees in anticipation of future growth, increase in professional fees of $319,773 (primarily legal fees), increase in contract labor costs of $113,717 primarily related to engineering and technical assistance, increase in advertising and marketing expenses of $72,877 as we continue to seek new revenue opportunities;  increase in travel and related expenses of $135,500 related primarily to tradeshows and other marketing activities, and increase in other general and administrative expenses of $209,100 due to anticipated business growth.

Consulting Expenses

Consulting expenses were $174,809 and $70,800 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in the current year period was due primarily to fees paid to an outside human resources firm in conjunction with the search for two key positions.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $70,888 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and no expense was incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in the current year period was due to the development of new product lines.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $2,248,663, primarily due to a net loss of $2,267,908 and changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of $104,078, partially reduced by non-cash operating charges of $123,323. The changes in operating assets and liabilities, net was due to inventory deposits of $339,939, accrued liabilities of $294,676, inventory of $62,095 and other current assets of $33,337, partially offset by changes in accounts receivable of $184,177, prepaid expenses of $161,495 and accounts payable of $280,297.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $3,905,534, primarily due to a net loss of $2,936,862 and changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of $2,606,313, partially reduced by non-cash operating charges of $1,637,641. The changes in operating assets and liabilities, net was due to inventory of $3,435,765, accrued liabilities of $331,259, accounts payable of $67,940, partially offset by changes in inventory deposits of $1,032,114, other non-current assets of $160,770 and prepaid expenses of $125,119.

We expect cash used in operating activities to fluctuate significantly in future periods as a result of a number of factors, some of which are outside of our control, including, among others: the success we achieve in generating revenue; the success we have in helping our customers obtain financing to subsidize their purchases of our products; our ability to efficiently develop our dealer and service network; the costs of batteries and other materials utilized to make our products; the extent to which we need to invest additional funds in research and development; and the amount of expenses we incur to satisfy future warranty claims.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1,310,118, primarily due to the sale of our marketable securities of $1,329,599, partially offset by $19,481 of capital expenditures. Net cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $2,987,561, primarily due to the net sale of our marketable securities of $3,000,063, partially offset by $12,502 of capital expenditures. 

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $157,329 as a result of repayment of certain notes payable. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $112,053, primarily from the issuance of common stock of $120,000, partially offset by payments on notes payable of $7,947.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1,668,909 and marketable securities of $1,009,378, a combined total of $2,678,287 and working capital of approximately $14.7 million. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operations during the next twelve months and beyond. However, we may not successfully execute our business plan, and if we do not, we may need additional capital to continue our operations and support the increased working capital requirements associated with the fulfillment of purchase orders.

On February 2022, we announced Osceola, Arkansas as the site of its state-of-the-art manufacturing facility and new corporate offices. We moved into an approximately 580,000 square foot facility and are currently in final stages of due diligence and contract negotiation with the City of Osceola and the Arkansas Economic Development Commission. However, additional debt and/or equity capital will be required in order to purchase related equipment and set up production lines and is expected to require up to $80 million of additional investment through 2027. Investments and employee hiring requirements over the next 10 years will provide an opportunity for us to obtain local tax incentives of up to $27 million, provided that the qualifying expenditures are made. We are not currently contractually obligated to make the expenditures.

Line of Credit

Effective August 4, 2022, we secured a line of credit from Centennial Bank. Borrowings under the line of credit bear interest at 2.75% annually. There is no maturity date for the line, but Centennial Bank may at any time, in its sole discretion and without cause, demand that we to immediately repay any and all outstanding obligations under the line of credit in whole or in part. The line is secured by the cash and cash equivalents maintained by us in our Centennial Bank accounts. Borrowings under the line may not exceed cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities balances up to $1,000,000. There was no principal amount outstanding on March 31, 2023 and there is no current plan to borrow from it.

Capital Expenditures

We do not have any contractual obligations for ongoing capital expenditures at this time. We do, however, purchase equipment necessary to conduct our operations on an as needed basis and will begin increasing those expenditures as we transfer assembly and corporate functions to the Osceola Arkansas facility.

Contractual Obligations

Other than as disclosed in the unaudited consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023, we do not have any contractual obligations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, costs and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We define our critical accounting policies as those accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America that require us to make subjective estimates and judgments about matters that are uncertain and are likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations as well as the specific manner in which we apply those principles.

Smaller Reporting Company Status

We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. We may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. We do not currently face material market risks such as interest rate fluctuation risk and foreign currency exchange risk. Our cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking and money market accounts. These investments are not dependent on interest rate fluctuations that may cause the principal amount of these investments to fluctuate, and we do not expect such fluctuation will have a material impact on our financial conditions. If we issue additional debt in the future, we will be subject to interest rate risk. The majority of our expenses are denominated in the U.S. dollar.

We may face risks associated with the costs of raw materials, primarily batteries, as we go into production. To the extent these and other risks materialize, they could have a material effect on our operating results or financial condition. We currently anticipate that our international selling, marketing and administrative costs related to foreign sales, if any, will be largely denominated in United States dollars, which may create foreign currency exchange risk exposure.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 31, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (a) were not effective to ensure that information that we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and (b) include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Due to the staff reductions and voluntary resignations, we have been unable to maintain the levels of segregation of duties during such periods at the levels of prior periods, and such changes to our disclosure controls and procedures have significantly affected our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2023. We have yet to fully resolve such deficiencies as of the date of this filing. We have engaged, and continue to seek additional, experienced accounting professionals with relevant expertise to provide additional accounting services intended to supplement our efforts and mitigate the negative effects of such recent changes to our disclosure controls and procedures.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Similarly, an evaluation of controls cannot provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There were no material developments during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 in the legal proceedings described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There were no material changes during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

A list of exhibits is set forth at the end of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the information required by this item.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.