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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

or

☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission file number 001-37363

Enviva Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware						46-4097730
(State or other jurisdiction						(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)						Identification No.)

7272 Wisconsin Ave.			Suite 1800
Bethesda,			MD						20814
(Address of principal executive offices)									(Zip code)

(301)			657-5560
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class			Trading Symbol			Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock			EVA			New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 28, 2023, 74,415,357 shares of common stock were outstanding.

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ENVIVA INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10‑Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward‑Looking Statements									1
Glossary of Terms									3
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION									4
Item 1.						Financial Statements (unaudited)			4
						Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets			4
						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations			5
						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss			6
						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity			7
						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			9
						Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements			11
Item 2.						Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			19
Item 3.						Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			31
Item 4.						Controls and Procedures			31
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION									33
Item 1.						Legal Proceedings			33
Item 1A.						Risk Factors			33
Item 5.						Other Information			33
Item 6.						Exhibits			34

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD‑LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements and information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q (this “Quarterly Report”) may constitute “forward-looking statements.” The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “intend,” “foresee,” “should,” “would,” “could,” or other similar expressions are intended to identify forward‑looking statements, which are generally not historical in nature. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on us. Although management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we anticipate. All comments concerning our expectations for future revenues and operating results are based on our forecasts of our existing operations and do not include the potential impact of any future acquisitions. Our forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those summarized below:

•the volume and quality of products that we are able to produce or source and sell, which could be adversely affected by, among other things, operating or technical difficulties at our wood pellet production plants or deep-water marine terminals;

•the prices at which we are able to sell our products;

•our ability to capitalize on higher spot prices and contract flexibility in the future, which is subject to fluctuations in pricing and demand;

•the possibility that current market prices may not continue and therefore, in the future, we may not be able to make spot sales and may need to make spot purchases at higher prices;

•failure of our customers, vendors, and shipping partners to pay or perform their contractual obligations to us;

•our inability to successfully execute our project development, capacity expansion, and new facility construction activities on time and within budget;

•the creditworthiness of our contract counterparties;

•the amount of low-cost wood fiber that we are able to procure and process, which could be adversely affected by, among other things, disruptions in supply or operating or financial difficulties suffered by our suppliers;

•our ability to successfully negotiate, complete, and integrate third-party acquisitions, or to realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions;

•changes in the price and availability of natural gas, coal, diesel, oil, gasoline, or other sources of energy;

•changes in prevailing domestic and global economic, political, and market conditions, including the imposition of tariffs or trade or other economic sanctions, political instability or armed conflict, rising inflation levels and government efforts to reduce inflation, or a prolonged recession;

•inclement or hazardous environmental conditions, including extreme precipitation, temperatures, and flooding;

•fires, explosions, or other accidents;

•changes in domestic and foreign laws and regulations (or the interpretation thereof) related to renewable or low-carbon energy, the forestry products industry, the international shipping industry, or power, heat, or combined heat and power generators;

•changes in domestic and foreign tax laws and regulations affecting the taxation of our business, and investors;

•changes in the regulatory treatment of biomass in core and emerging markets;

•our inability to acquire or maintain necessary permits or rights for our production, transportation, or terminaling operations;

•changes in the price and availability of transportation;

•changes in foreign currency exchange or interest rates and the failure of our hedging arrangements to effectively reduce our exposure to related risks;

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•risks related to our indebtedness, including the levels, and maturity date of such indebtedness;

•our failure to maintain effective quality control systems at our wood pellet production plants and deep-water marine terminals, which could lead to the rejection of our products by our customers;

•changes in the quality specifications for our products required by our customers;

•labor disputes, unionization, or similar collective actions;

•our inability to hire, train, or retain qualified personnel to manage and operate our business;

•risks related to our restructuring plan, the primary components of which are reductions in our workforce and corporate and other costs;

•the possibility of cyber and malware attacks;

•our inability to borrow funds and access capital markets;

•viral contagions or pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19;

•potential liability resulting from pending or future litigation, investigations, or claims; and

•governmental actions and actions by other third parties that are beyond control.

Please read the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the risk factors included herein in Item 1A. Risk Factors. All forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any such statements after the date they are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

biomass: any organic biological material derived from living organisms that stores energy from the sun.

co-fire: the combustion of two different types of materials at the same time. For example, biomass is sometimes fired in combination with coal in existing coal plants.

cost pass-through mechanism: a provision in commercial contracts that passes costs through to the purchaser.

metric ton: one metric ton, which is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms and 1.1023 short tons.

nameplate: the intended full-load sustained maximum rated output of production.

off-take contract: an agreement concerning the purchase and sale of a certain volume of future production of a given resource such as wood pellets.

ramp: the process by which a plant increases production following startup for a period of time until full nameplate production capacity is demonstrated.

utility-grade wood pellets: wood pellets meeting minimum requirements generally specified by industrial consumers and produced and sold in sufficient quantities to satisfy industrial‑scale consumption.

wood fiber: cellulosic elements that are extracted from trees and used to make various materials, including paper. In North America, wood fiber is primarily extracted from hardwood (deciduous) trees and softwood (coniferous) trees.

wood pellets: energy-dense, low-moisture, and uniformly sized units of wood fuel produced from processing various wood resources or byproducts.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except par value and number of shares)

			June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
			(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	2,342					$	3,417
Accounts receivable			146,434						169,847
Other accounts receivable			16,267						8,950
Inventories			198,546						158,884
Short-term customer assets			27,244						21,546
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			11,541						7,695
Total current assets			402,374						370,339
Property, plant, and equipment, net			1,641,753						1,584,875
Operating lease right-of-use assets			98,463						102,623
Goodwill			103,928						103,928
Long-term restricted cash			153,280						247,660
Long-term customer assets			111,839						118,496
Other long-term assets			41,203						23,519
Total assets			$	2,552,840					$	2,551,440
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable			$	40,939					$	37,456
Accrued and other current liabilities			143,949						146,497
Customer liabilities			33,903						75,230
Current portion of interest payable			35,880						32,754
Current portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations			16,130						20,993
Deferred revenue			46,190						32,840
Financial liability pursuant to repurchase accounting			194,350						111,913
Total current liabilities			511,341						457,683
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations			1,392,321						1,571,766
Long-term operating lease liabilities			110,856						115,294
Deferred tax liabilities, net			2,100						2,107
Long-term deferred revenue			130,047						41,728
Other long-term liabilities			67,821						76,106
Total liabilities			2,214,486						2,264,684
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively			—						—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 600,000,000 shares authorized, 74,415,357 and 66,966,092 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively			74						67
Additional paid-in capital			726,786						502,554
Accumulated deficit			(341,050)						(168,307)
Accumulated other comprehensive income			191						197
Total Enviva Inc.’s shareholders’ equity			386,001						334,511
Noncontrolling interests			(47,647)						(47,755)
Total shareholders’ equity			338,354						286,756
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity			$	2,552,840					$	2,551,440

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
Product sales			$	288,150					$	293,615					$	548,398					$	524,527
Other revenue			13,755						2,706						22,589						4,776
Net revenue			301,905						296,321						570,987						529,303
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold, excluding items below			260,143						250,276						513,358						461,312
Loss on disposal of assets			3,177						2,282						6,806						3,183
Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses			21,987						27,704						52,941						61,395
Restructuring inclusive of severance expenses			13,585						—						13,585						—
Depreciation and amortization			29,965						28,833						64,639						51,392
Total operating costs and expenses			328,857						309,095						651,329						577,282
Loss from operations			(26,952)						(12,774)						(80,342)						(47,979)
Other (expense) income:
Interest expense			(17,272)						(13,959)						(40,665)						(23,929)
Interest expense on repurchase accounting			(11,558)						—						(51,931)						—
Total interest expense			(28,830)						(13,959)						(92,596)						(23,929)
Other income (expense), net			17						(611)						326						(727)
Total other expense, net			(28,813)						(14,570)						(92,270)						(24,656)
Net loss before income taxes			(55,765)						(27,344)						(172,612)						(72,635)
Income tax expense (benefit)			11						(2)						23						14
Net loss			(55,776)						(27,342)						(172,635)						(72,649)
Less net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests			(68)						5						(108)						5
Net loss attributable to Enviva Inc.			$	(55,844)					$	(27,337)					$	(172,743)					$	(72,644)
Loss per common share:
Basic and diluted			$	(0.82)					$	(0.42)					$	(2.56)					$	(1.13)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted			68,490						66,604						67,930						65,820

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
Net loss			$	(55,776)					$	(27,342)					$	(172,635)					$	(72,649)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $0
Currency translation adjustment			(7)						(73)						(6)						(105)
Total comprehensive loss			(55,783)						(27,415)						(172,641)						(72,754)
Less comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests			(68)						5						(108)						5
Comprehensive loss attributable to Enviva Inc.			$	(55,851)					$	(27,410)					$	(172,749)					$	(72,749)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

						Common Shares															Additional Paid-In Capital						Accumulated Deficit						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Equity Attributable to Enviva Inc.						Noncontrolling Interests						Total Shareholders’ Equity
						Shares			Amount
Shareholders’ equity, December 31, 2022						66,966			$	67														$	502,554					$	(168,307)					$	197					$	334,511					$	(47,755)					$	286,756
Dividends declared						—			—															(60,940)						—						—						(60,940)						—						(60,940)
Common shares issued in lieu of dividends						188			—															8,698						—						—						8,698						—						8,698
Payments for withholding tax and number of shares issued associated with Long-Term Incentive Plan vesting						574			1															(15,265)						—						—						(15,264)						—						(15,264)
Non-cash equity-based compensation and other costs						—			—															16,708						—						—						16,708						—						16,708
Support Payments						—			—															9,821						—						—						9,821						—						9,821
Other comprehensive loss						—			—															—						—						1						1						—						1
Net loss						—			—															—						(116,899)						—						(116,899)						40						(116,859)
Shareholders’ equity, March 31, 2023						67,728			$	68														$	461,576					$	(285,206)					$	198					$	176,636					$	(47,715)					$	128,921
Dividend equivalent rights on performance-based restricted stock units forfeited						—			—															342						—						—						342						—						342
Conversion of Series A Preferred Stock to common shares						6,605			6															247,924						—						—						247,930						—						247,930
Payments for withholding tax and number of shares issued associated with Long-Term Incentive Plan vesting						82			—															(370)						—						—						(370)						—						(370)
Non-cash equity-based compensation and other costs						—			—															17,314						—						—						17,314						—						17,314
Other comprehensive loss						—			—															—						—						(7)						(7)						—						(7)
Net loss						—			—															—						(55,844)						—						(55,844)						68						(55,776)
Shareholders’ equity, June 30, 2023						74,415			$	74														$	726,786					$	(341,050)					$	191					$	386,001					$	(47,647)					$	338,354

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

			Common Shares									Additional Paid-In Capital						Accumulated Deficit						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Equity Attributable to Enviva Inc.						Noncontrolling Interests						Total Shareholders’ Equity
			Shares			Amount
Shareholders’ equity, December 31, 2021			61,138			$	61					$	317,998					$	—					$	299					$	318,358					$	(47,694)					$	270,664
Dividends declared			—			—						(58,957)						—						—						(58,957)						—						(58,957)
Issuance of common shares, net			4,945			5						333,186						—						—						333,191						—						333,191
Common shares issued in lieu of dividends			110			—						7,839						—						—						7,839						—						7,839
Payments for withholding tax and number of shares issued associated with Long-Term Incentive Plan vesting			366			1						(16,365)						—						—						(16,364)						—						(16,364)
Non-cash equity-based compensation and other costs			—			—						10,235						—						—						10,235						—						10,235
Other comprehensive loss			—			—						—						—						(32)						(32)						—						(32)
Net loss			—			—						—						(45,307)						—						(45,307)						—						(45,307)
Shareholders’ equity, March 31, 2022			66,559			$	67					$	593,936					$	(45,307)					$	267					$	548,963					$	(47,694)					$	501,269
Dividends declared			—			—						(61,837)						—						—						(61,837)						—						(61,837)
Issuance of common shares, net			—			—						(428)						—						—						(428)						—						(428)
Common shares issued in lieu of dividends			105			—						8,349						—						—						8,349						—						8,349
Payments for withholding tax and number of shares issued associated with Long-Term Incentive Plan vesting			8			—						(213)						—						—						(213)						—						(213)
Non-cash equity-based compensation and other expense			—			—						9,848						—						—						9,848						—						9,848
Support Payments			—			—						4,197						—						—						4,197						—						4,197
Other comprehensive loss			—			—						—						—						(73)						(73)						—						(73)
Net loss			—			—						—						(27,337)						—						(27,337)						(5)						(27,342)
Shareholders’ equity, June 30, 2022			66,672			$	67					$	553,852					$	(72,644)					$	194					$	481,469					$	(47,699)					$	433,770

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss			$	(172,635)					$	(72,649)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			64,952						51,392
Interest expense pursuant to repurchase accounting			51,931						—
Amortization of debt issuance costs, debt premium, and original issue discounts			1,297						1,260
Loss on disposal of assets			6,806						3,183
Deferred taxes			23						—
Non-cash equity-based compensation and other expense			32,136						20,023
Fair value changes in derivatives			(1,916)						4,519
Unrealized loss (gain) on foreign currency transactions, net			77						(95)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts and other receivables			19,381						(13,573)
Prepaid expenses and other current and long-term assets			(1,093)						(21,687)
Inventories			(8,164)						(14,399)
Finished goods subject to repurchase accounting			(29,389)						—
Derivatives			1,188						(3,983)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other current liabilities			(25,476)						(10,852)
Deferred revenue			101,669						(178)
Accrued interest			3,126						(1,123)
Other long-term liabilities			(14,134)						(10,729)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities			29,779						(68,891)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment			(136,871)						(97,405)
Payment for acquisition of a business			—						(5,000)
Net cash used in investing activities			(136,871)						(102,405)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments on senior secured revolving credit facility, net			(281,500)						(36,000)
Proceeds from debt issuance			102,900						31,270
Proceeds from capital contribution of New Market Tax Credit financing			—						12,763
Principal payments on other long-term debt and finance lease obligations			(16,089)						(16,474)
Cash paid related to debt issuance costs and deferred offering costs			(1,769)						(5,308)
Support payments received			9,821						4,197
Proceeds from sale of finished goods subject to repurchase accounting			23,545						—
Proceeds from issuance of Series A Preferred Stock, net, which was converted into common stock			247,924						—
Proceeds from issuance of Enviva Inc. common shares, net			—						333,009
Cash dividends			(57,020)						(105,646)
Payment for withholding tax associated with Long-Term Incentive Plan vesting			(16,175)						(16,577)
Net cash provided by financing activities			11,637						201,234
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash			(95,455)						29,938
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period			251,077						18,518
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period			$	155,622					$	48,456

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Property, plant, and equipment acquired included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities			$	15,286					$	12,843
Supplemental information:
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest			$	36,884					$	23,432

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except number of shares or units, per share, and unless otherwise noted)

(1) Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Enviva Inc. supplies utility-grade wood pellets primarily to major power generators under long-term, take-or-pay off-take contracts. We procure wood fiber and process it into utility-grade wood pellets and load the finished wood pellets into railcars, trucks, and barges for transportation to deep-water marine terminals, where they are received, stored, and ultimately loaded onto oceangoing vessels for delivery to our customers principally in the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”), the European Union (the “EU”), and Japan.

We own and operate ten industrial-scale wood pellet production plants located in the Southeastern United States. In addition to the volumes from our plants, we also procure wood pellets from third parties. Wood pellets are exported from our wholly owned deep-water marine terminal at the Port of Chesapeake, Virginia, terminal assets at the Port of Wilmington, North Carolina, and at the Port of Pascagoula, Mississippi, and from third-party deep-water marine terminals in Mobile, Alabama, Panama City, Florida, and Savannah, Georgia under a short-term contract, a long-term contract, and a lease and associated terminal services agreement, respectively.

Basis of Presentation

Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Enviva and its wholly owned subsidiaries and controlled subsidiaries, including variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary as we have the sole power to direct the activities that most impact the economics of the variable interest entities. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Financial Statements

The unaudited financial statements and notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments and accruals necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All such adjustments and accruals are of a normal and recurring nature unless disclosed otherwise. The results reported in the financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be reported for the entire year.

The unaudited financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which include the names of legal entities that are our subsidiaries and which also include defined terms used in the unaudited financial statements.

Reclassification

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified from operating lease liabilities to other long-term liabilities to conform to current period presentation on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

(2) Significant Accounting Policies

During interim periods, we follow the accounting policies disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards not yet Adopted

Currently, there are no recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted by us that we expect to be reasonably likely to materially impact our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except number of shares or units, per share, and unless otherwise noted)

(3) Revenue

See Note 3, Revenue to the financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Performance Obligations

As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of consideration from contracts with customers allocated to the performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially satisfied was approximately $19.1 billion. This amount excludes forward prices related to variable consideration including inflation, foreign currency, and commodity prices. Also, this amount excludes the effects of the related foreign currency derivative contracts as they do not represent contracts with customers. We expect to recognize approximately 4.0% of our remaining performance obligations during the remainder of 2023, an additional 8.0% in 2024, and the balance thereafter. Our off-take contracts expire at various times through 2045 and our terminal services contract with a customer expires in 2023.

Variable Consideration

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of product sales revenue related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized $0.3 million of product sales revenue related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods, all of which was recognized in the first quarter of 2022. There was no variable consideration from our terminal services contract for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Contract Balances

Accounts receivable related to product sales as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $119.8 million and $160.4 million, respectively. Of these amounts, $108.6 million and $136.1 million, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively, related to amounts that were not yet billable under our contracts with customers pending finalization of prerequisite billing documentation. The amounts that had not been billed are billed upon receipt of prerequisite billing documentation, where substantially all is typically billed one to two weeks after full loading of the vessel, and where the remaining balance is typically billed one to two weeks after discharge of the vessel. Accounts receivable also included $26.6 million and $9.4 million, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively, related to distribution costs recoverable from the customer through the cost pass-through mechanism where the costs and their recovery are included in cost of goods sold.

Customer Assets

As of June 30, 2023, the balance of the customer assets is $139.1 million, which relate to payments we paid, or are obligated to pay, to customers in exchange for rescheduling and/or re-pricing our take-or-pay agreements.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we agreed to pay an additional $5.2 million to certain customers with whom we have long-term, take-or-pay off-take contracts. No such agreements were entered into during the three months ended June 30, 2023. Additionally, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, $2.6 million and $6.1 million, respectively, was amortized as a reduction to product sales revenue. We had no amortization during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. The asset has been tested for recoverability, which involves a comparison of the contract price we expect to receive under the related take-or-pay agreement, reduced by the amortization of the contract asset, compared to our expected costs to produce, procure and deliver the volumes specified in the contract. The expected costs of producing volumes in the future require estimates, including estimates of manufacturing throughput volumes and future energy, fiber, shipping, distribution, and overhead costs. Actual results could be different than these estimates, and our estimates could change in the future based upon new facts and circumstances and could result in these assets no longer being recoverable.

Our obligation to make future payments under the terms of our modified agreements as of June 30, 2023, included $33.9 million in customer liabilities and $23.2 million in other long-term liabilities, and as of December 31, 2022, included $75.2 million in customer liabilities and $26.4 million in other long-term liabilities.

Repurchase Accounting

During the three months ended December 31, 2022, we entered into various agreements to sell and purchase wood pellets with an existing customer through 2025 at a fixed price per metric ton (“MT”). Under these agreements, the quantities we agreed to purchase exceeded the quantities we agreed to sell. Under the revenue accounting standard, these sale and purchase

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except number of shares or units, per share, and unless otherwise noted)

agreements were combined with existing sale agreements because the 2022 agreements were entered into at or near the same time with the same customer and were negotiated as a package with a single commercial objective. We accounted for the combined contract as a modification of the existing enforceable rights and obligations of our long-term, take-or-pay off-take contracts with the same customer. The contract modification was considered to be the termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract. We allocated the total remaining transaction price (which includes any additional transaction price from the modification) to the remaining quantities to be transferred under the modified contract. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $73.5 million and $72.7 million, respectively, of deferred revenue for consideration received from the customer in excess of the amounts allocated to the wood pellets transferred to that customer under the modified contract.

Under the repurchase agreement requirements in the revenue standard, the wood pellets subject to repurchase were accounted for as a financing arrangement because the purchase prices exceed the original selling prices of the wood pellets under the modified contract. As a result, we recognized a financial liability for an amount equal to the selling prices of the wood pellets under the modified contract. Over the period between when volumes are delivered to this customer and when corresponding volumes are purchased from this customer, the difference between the selling price of the wood pellets under the modified contract and the contractual purchase price will be recognized as interest expense with a corresponding increase to the financial liability. The amount of interest expense recognized and the corresponding increase to the financial liability in a given period is determined based on the estimated timing of when the future purchases will occur. Changes in the estimated timing of the volumes to be purchased are recognized to interest expense prospectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the product delivered under the modified contract recognized as an increase to the financial liability was $1.8 million and $30.5 million, respectively, and interest expense of $11.6 million and $51.9 million, respectively, was recognized as an increase to the financial liability. The financial liability including interest expense classified as a current liability as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $194.3 million and $111.9 million, respectively. The financial liability was classified as a current liability as the repurchases corresponding to the volumes delivered are expected to all occur by June 30, 2024.

Under repurchase accounting as a financing arrangement, we continued to recognize the volumes delivered as finished goods inventory at a carrying value of $124.7 million and $95.3 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which include all costs directly incurred in bringing those delivered volumes to their existing location. When the future volumes are purchased and sold to different customers, the product sales recognized will be based on the finished goods inventory cost of the previously delivered volumes, not the repurchase price.

Contract Modification

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we received $100.0 million from a customer to modify a long-term off-take contract. Also, in connection with the contract modification we agreed to narrow the specifications of the wood pellets delivered under the long-term off-take contract in return for an increase in the contract price per MT. The prepayment of the $100.0 million will be amortized against the increase of the contract sale price per MT and recognized as deliveries are made through 2039.

As of June 30, 2023, $6.9 million was included in short-term deferred revenue and $90.9 million was included in long-term deferred revenue. During three and six months ended June 30, 2023, deferred revenue of $1.8 million and $2.2 million, respectively, was recognized to product sales.

(4) Significant Risks and Uncertainties, Including Business and Credit Concentrations

Our business is significantly impacted by greenhouse gas emission and renewable energy legislation and regulations in the U.K., the EU as well as its member states, and Japan. If the U.K., the EU or its member states, or Japan significantly modify such legislation or regulations, then our ability to enter into new contracts as our existing contracts expire may be materially affected.

One rail service provider transports wood pellet production for four of our ten production plants to the applicable terminal. Labor strikes or other disruptions to rail service could materially impact our ability to transport our finished products to port for delivery to customers.

In addition to wood pellets sold from our own production, we procure wood pellets from third parties to resell under our long-term off-take arrangements and other sales agreements. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we purchased $19.0 million and $32.8 million, respectively, and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 we purchased $10.2 million and $19.6 million, respectively, of wood pellets under long-term contracts with third parties. For the three and six

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except number of shares or units, per share, and unless otherwise noted)

months ended June 30, 2023, our four largest suppliers of wood pellets purchased represented 39%, 21%, 21%, and 10% and 29%, 18%, 17%, and 12%, respectively, of these purchases.

Our product sales are primarily to industrial customers located in the U.K., Denmark, Japan, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Product sales to third-party customers that accounted for 10% or a greater share of consolidated product sales were as follows:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
Customer A			30		%				18		%				34		%				20		%
Customer B			1		%				11		%				5		%				8		%
Customer C			2		%				9		%				6		%				13		%
Customer D			11		%				14		%				10		%				14		%
Customer E			—		%				17		%				—		%				18		%
Customer F			8		%				14		%				7		%				11		%
Customer G			19		%				—		%				16		%				3		%
Customer H			14		%				3		%				11		%				2		%

(5) Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following as of:

			June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Raw materials and work-in-process			$	21,294					$	23,272
Consumable tooling			34,818						28,548
Finished goods on hand			17,775						11,794
Finished goods subject to repurchase accounting			124,659						95,270
Total inventories			$	198,546					$	158,884

(6) Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following as of:

			June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Land			$	26,491					$	26,491
Land improvements			77,205						77,126
Buildings			449,169						440,894
Machinery and equipment			1,323,313						1,299,385
Vehicles			10,231						9,667
Furniture and office equipment			35,183						27,064
Leasehold improvements			23,388						23,409
Property, plant, and equipment			1,944,980						1,904,036
Less accumulated depreciation			(577,038)						(513,876)
Property, plant, and equipment, net			1,367,942						1,390,160
Construction in progress			273,811						194,715
Total property, plant, and equipment, net			$	1,641,753					$	1,584,875

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except number of shares or units, per share, and unless otherwise noted)

Total capitalized interest related to construction in progress and depreciation expense were as follows:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
Capitalized interest related to construction in progress			$	7,213					$	3,087					$	11,836					$	8,937
Depreciation expense			30,563						29,107						65,522						51,832

(7) Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of:

			June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Accrued expenses - compensation and benefits			$	14,260					$	11,942
Accrued expenses - wood pellet purchases and distribution costs			37,697						49,615
Accrued expenses - operating costs and expenses			60,003						51,122
Accrued capital expenditures			8,242						10,960
Other accrued expenses and other current liabilities			23,747						22,858
Accrued and other current liabilities			$	143,949					$	146,497

(8) Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations

Long-term debt and finance lease obligations at carrying value consisted of the following as of:

			June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
2026 Notes, net of unamortized discount, premium, and debt issuance costs of $1.7 million and $2.0 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively			$	748,293					$	747,991
Senior secured credit facility - revolving credit borrowings			154,500						436,000
Senior secured credit facility - term loan, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $3.6 million and $0.0 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively			100,921						—
Epes Tax-Exempt Green Bond, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $4.3 million and $4.3 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively			245,711						245,727
Bond Tax-Exempt Green Bonds, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $2.1 million and $2.0 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively			97,946						98,004
New Markets Tax Credit loans, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $2.4 million and $2.6 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively			29,008						28,791
Seller Note, net of an insignificant amount of unamortized discount as of December 31, 2022(1)			—						8,705
Other loans			5,937						5,418
Finance leases			26,135						22,123
Total long-term debt and finance lease obligations			1,408,451						1,592,759
Less current portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations			(16,130)						(20,993)
Long-term debt and finance lease obligations, excluding current installments			$	1,392,321					$	1,571,766

(1)The outstanding principal of the Seller Note of $8.8 million and an insignificant amount of accrued interest were repaid in full at maturity in February 2023.

The estimated carrying amount and fair value of long-term debt as of June 30, 2023 was $1.4 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively and as of December 31, 2022 was $1.6 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with the covenants and restrictions associated with, and no events of default existed under, the loan and indenture agreements governing the 2026 Notes, senior secured credit facility, New Markets Tax Credit loans, Epes Tax-Exempt Green Bonds, and Bond Tax-Exempt Green Bonds, each of which is described in more detail in Note 12, Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Obligations to the financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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ENVIVA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except number of shares or units, per share, and unless otherwise noted)

2026 Notes

The 2026 Notes are guaranteed jointly and severally on a senior unsecured basis by most of our existing subsidiaries and may be guaranteed by certain future restricted subsidiaries.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

In January 2023, under our senior secured credit facility, we entered into a senior secured term loan facility providing for $105.0 million principal amount, maturing in June 2027. Borrowing rates are variable and calculated as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 4.00% per annum. We used the proceeds to repay revolver borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and pay fees and costs.

Our obligations under the senior secured credit facility are guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries and secured by liens on substantially all of our assets; however, the senior secured credit facility is not guaranteed by Enviva Wilmington Holdings, LLC or Enviva Pellets Epes, LLC, or secured by liens on their assets.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $410.0 million and $133.0 million, respectively, available under our senior secured revolving credit facility, net of $5.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding.

(9) Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate, plus discrete items. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was 0.0% and 0.0%, respectively. The effective tax rate was primarily due to the full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset.

(10) Restructuring Inclusive of Severance Expenses

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we implemented a restructuring plan to optimize future growth and profitability. The primary components of the restructuring are reductions in our workforce and corporate and other expenses.

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we had an initial reduction in force of certain leadership employees, accelerated depreciation of leasehold improvements at our principal executive offices, and a reduction of our office lease expenses. We expect the reduction in force to be completed during the third quarter of 2023.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, total pre-tax restructuring expenses were $13.6 million and consisted of $2.7 million of cash-based employee severance expenses, $10.4 million of non-cash equity-based compensation, $0.3 million of accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation, and $0.2 million impairment of right-of-use assets related to an office lease. As of June 30, 2023, $2.3 million of employee severance expenses were included in accrued and other current liabilities.

We currently estimate that the total pre-tax restructuring expenses upon completion of the plan will be approximately $22 million, which is primarily comprised of approximately $7 million of cash-based employee severance, approximately $12 million of non-cash equity-based compensation, and approximately $3 million of accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation. We expect the restructuring plan to be substantially completed by the end of the third quarter of 2023.

(11) Shareholders’ Equity

Conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock to Common Stock

On February 28, 2023, Enviva Inc. (the “Company”) and certain accredited investors entered into subscription agreements to sell shares of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (“Preferred Shares”) in a private placement (the “Private Placement”). The Private Placement priced at the official closing price of the New York Stock Exchange on March 1, 2023, which was $37.71. On March 20, 2023, we closed the Private Placement and issued 6,605,671 Preferred Shares, which was classified as mezzanine equity, and received gross proceeds of $249.1 million. As of June 30, 2023, we have incurred $1.2 million of issuance costs and intend to use the net proceeds of $247.9 million to fund our growth capital program and for general corporate purposes. We initially used the net proceeds to repay borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

On June 15, 2023, each Preferred Share was converted into one share of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, upon shareholder approval of the conversion by a majority of votes cast at our Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except number of shares or units, per share, and unless otherwise noted)

Dividend Reinvestment

Pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan with respect to a portion of the shares of common stock held by our former sponsor, we issued 188,321 shares of common stock in lieu of cash dividends of $8.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. No shares of common stock in lieu of cash dividends were issued during the three months ended June 30, 2023. We issued 104,765 shares of common stock in lieu of cash dividends of $8.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2022 and issued 215,152 shares of common stock in lieu of cash dividends of $16.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022. See Note 15, Equity - Simplification Transaction to the financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Cash Dividends

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we declared dividends of $0.905 per common share totaling $60.9 million. No dividends were declared during the three months ended June 30, 2023. During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we declared dividends of $0.905 per common share totaling $61.8 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we declared dividends of $0.86 per common share totaling $59.0 million.

(12) Equity-Based Awards

Enviva Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”)

Employee Awards

The following table summarizes information regarding restricted stock unit awards (the “Employee Awards”) under the LTIP:

			Time-Based Restricted Stock Units												Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units(1)												Total Employee Awards Restricted Stock Units
			Units						Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per unit)(2)						Units						Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per unit)(2)						Units						Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per unit)(2)
Nonvested December 31, 2022			751,603						$	61.19					546,169						$	52.17					1,297,772						$	57.39
Granted			816,730						$	39.55					172,397						$	47.27					989,127						$	40.90
Forfeitures			(47,811)						$	51.86					(207,429)						$	53.55					(255,240)						$	53.24
Vested			(431,436)						$	41.14					(147,309)						$	60.41					(578,745)						$	46.04
Nonvested June 30, 2023			1,089,086						$	47.21					363,828						$	71.26					1,452,914						$	53.23

(1) Performance-based restricted stock units vest dependent on the total shareholder return for Enviva Inc., relative to the constituents of the S&P 500 index over the units’ respective performance periods. The vesting condition is accounted for as a market, not a performance, condition under the stock compensation accounting standard. Their grant date fair values were determined using a Monte Carlo multivariate model following standard assumptions. If their service condition is met, the compensation cost for these awards must be recognized even if the market condition is not achieved.

(2) Determined by dividing the aggregate grant date fair value of awards by the number of units.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we issued a one-time discretionary equity-based award to our employees. We issued 272,906 common shares to 487 employees and recognized non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $8.4 million associated with the common shares issued.

The unrecognized estimated non-cash equity-based compensation expense relating to outstanding Employee Awards as of June 30, 2023 was $45.3 million, which will be recognized over the remaining vesting period.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except number of shares or units, per share, and unless otherwise noted)

Director Awards

The following table summarizes information regarding restricted stock unit awards to independent directors of the Company under the LTIP:

			Time-Based Restricted Stock Units
			Units						Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value (per unit)(1)
Nonvested December 31, 2022			18,729						$	72.07
Granted			34,167						$	45.48
Vested			(18,729)						$	(72.07)
Nonvested June 30, 2023			34,167						$	45.48

(1) Determined by dividing the aggregate grant date fair value of awards by the number of units.

Restricted Shares

Certain employees previously received Series B units of our former sponsor that were intended to constitute “profits interests” as defined by the Internal Revenue Service that, due to the Simplification Transaction, converted to common shares of the Company. The common shares subject to restriction have had or will have their restrictions released as follows: one-third on each of December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024. The unrecognized estimated non-cash equity-based compensation and other expense relating to outstanding common shares subject to restriction as of June 30, 2023 was $10.6 million, which will be recognized over the remaining vesting period.

(13) Net Loss per Enviva Inc. Common Share

We use the two-class method to calculate basic and diluted earnings per common share which requires earnings per share for each class of stock. Net loss attributable to common shareholders is increased for dividend equivalent rights paid on time-based restricted stock units during the period. The Preferred Shares did not share in a proportionate allocation of undistributed losses as it had no contractual obligation to share in losses of the Company.

Net loss per basic and diluted Enviva Inc. common share were computed as follows:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
Net loss attributable to Enviva Inc.			$	(55,844)					$	(27,337)					$	(172,743)					$	(72,644)
Dividend equivalent rights paid on time-based restricted stock units			—						(837)						(854)						(1,799)
Net loss attributable to Enviva Inc. common stockholders			$	(55,844)					$	(28,174)					$	(173,597)					$	(74,443)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted			68,490						66,604						67,930						65,820
Net loss per common share - basic and diluted			$	(0.82)					$	(0.42)					$	(2.56)					$	(1.13)

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise indicates, “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to Enviva Inc. and its subsidiaries.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”) as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our 2022 Form 10-K contains a discussion of other matters not included herein, such as disclosures regarding critical accounting policies and estimates. You should also read the following discussion and analysis together with the risk factors set forth in the 2022 Form 10-K, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and the factors described under “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information” and Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding certain risks inherent in our business.

Basis of Presentation

The following discussion about matters affecting the financial condition and results of operations of the Company should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this report and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included in the 2022 Form 10-K. Among other things, those financial statements and the related notes include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the following information.

Business Overview

We develop, construct, acquire, and own and operate, fully contracted wood pellet production plants where we aggregate a natural resource, wood fiber, and process it into dry, densified, uniform pellets that can be effectively stored and transported around the world. We primarily sell our wood pellets through long-term, take-or-pay off-take contracts with creditworthy customers in the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Japan, who use our wood pellets to displace coal and other fossil fuels to generate power and heat as part of their efforts to accelerate the energy transition away from conventional energy sources. Our wood pellets meet the criteria put forth by the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive (“RED II”) which includes biomass in its definition of renewable energy. The wood pellets we produce are viewed by our customers as a critical component of their efforts to reduce life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions in their core energy generation or industrial manufacturing processes and to mitigate the impact of climate change. We believe that our wood pellets also have potential applicability to hard-to-abate sectors as bio-based raw material feedstock to industrial processes formerly provided by fossil fuels where their use could reduce greenhouse gas emissions on a lifecycle basis and to generate process steam and heat in heavy industrial manufacturing like lime, sugar, steel, and cement, and to generate aviation fuels and other liquids.

We own and operate ten plants (collectively, “our plants”) with a combined production capacity of approximately 6.2 million metric tons (“MT”) of wood pellets per year (“MTPY”) in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi, the production of which is fully contracted with a few of our contracts extending well into the 2040s. We export our wood pellets to global markets through our deep-water marine terminal at the Port of Chesapeake, Virginia, terminal assets at the Port of Wilmington, North Carolina and the Port of Pascagoula, Mississippi, and from third-party deep-water marine terminals in Savannah, Georgia, Mobile, Alabama, and Panama City, Florida. In 2022, we commenced construction of our fully contracted wood pellet production plant in Epes, Alabama (the “Epes plant”), which is designed and permitted to produce more than one million MTPY of wood pellets. In addition, we have ordered long lead time equipment for the construction of a wood pellet production plant near Bond, Mississippi (the “Bond plant”) which is also designed and permitted to produce more than one million MTPY of wood pellets. All of our facilities are located in geographic regions with low input costs and favorable transportation logistics. Owning these cost-advantaged assets in a rapidly expanding industry provides us with a platform to generate stable cash flows. Our plants are sited in robust fiber baskets providing stable pricing for the low-grade fiber used to produce wood pellets. Our raw materials are byproducts of the sawmilling process or traditional timber harvesting, principally low-value wood materials, such as trees generally not suited for sawmilling or other manufactured forest products, and tree tops and limbs, understory, brush, and slash that are generated in a harvest.

Our primary sales strategy is to fully contract the wood pellet production from our plants under long-term, take-or-pay off-take contracts with a diversified and creditworthy customer base. Our long-term off-take contracts typically provide for fixed-price deliveries that often include provisions that escalate the price over time and provide for other margin protection. For 2023, our production capacity from our wood pellet production plants is contracted under our existing long-term, take-or-pay off-take contracts. In addition to generating durable cash flow from long-term, take-or-pay off-take contracts, we monitor sustained dislocations in the marketplace, and opportunistically transact when pricing dynamics and contract flexibility provide avenues to generate incremental gross margin. These commercial activities are aligned with the terms of many of our off-take contracts, which generally provide us with the opportunity to flex a certain percentage of contracted shipments up or down. That

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flexibility, enabled by our multi-plant profile and scale, can create opportunities to optimize our gross margin when we sell under short-term contracts in times when spot market prices are elevated or, conversely, to purchase third-party volumes during times when spot market prices are depressed. However, these commercial activities are subject to market dynamics that can vary drastically; as a result, the financial impact of these activities may vary significantly from period to period.

Our largest customers use our wood pellets as a substitute fuel for coal in dedicated biomass or co-fired coal power plants. Wood pellets serve as a suitable “drop-in” alternative to coal because of their comparable heat content, density, and form. Due to the uninterruptible nature of our customers’ fuel consumption, our customers require a reliable supply of wood pellets that meet stringent product specifications. We have built our operations and assets to deliver and certify the highest levels of product quality and our track record of reliable deliveries enables us to charge premium prices for this certainty. In addition to our customers’ focus on the reliability of supply, they are concerned about the combustion efficiency of the wood pellets and their safe handling. Because combustion efficiency is a function of energy density, particle size distribution, ash/inert content, and moisture, our customers require that we supply wood pellets meeting minimum criteria for a variety of specifications and, in some cases, provide incentives for exceeding our contract specifications.

Recent Developments

Restructuring Inclusive of Severance Expenses

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we implemented a restructuring plan to optimize future growth and profitability. The primary components of the restructuring are reductions in our workforce and corporate and other expenses.

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we had an initial reduction in force of certain leadership employees, accelerated depreciation of leasehold improvements at our principal executive offices, and a reduction of our office lease expenses. We expect the reduction in force to be completed during the third quarter of 2023.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, total pre-tax restructuring expenses were $13.6 million and consisted of $2.7 million of cash-based employee severance expenses, $10.4 million of non-cash equity-based compensation, $0.3 million of accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation, and $0.2 million impairment of right-of-use assets related to an office lease. As of June 30, 2023, $2.3 million of employee severance expenses were included in accrued and other current liabilities.

We currently estimate that the total pre-tax restructuring expenses upon completion of the plan will be approximately $22 million, which is primarily comprised of approximately $7 million of cash-based employee severance, approximately $12 million of non-cash equity-based compensation, and approximately $3 million of accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation. We expect the restructuring plan to be substantially completed by the end of the third quarter of 2023.

Series A Preferred Stock Conversion to Common Stock

On February 28, 2023, the Company entered into subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain accredited investors (the “Investors”) to sell shares of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (“Preferred Shares”), in a private placement for gross proceeds of $249.1 million (the “Private Placement”). The Private Placement priced at the official closing price of the New York Stock Exchange on March 1, 2023, which was $37.71. The Company issued 6,605,671 Preferred Shares, effective March 20, 2023, to the Investors pursuant to the Subscription Agreements. Each Preferred Share was automatically converted into common stock upon shareholder approval of the conversion by a majority of the votes cast on June 15, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, we have incurred $1.2 million of issuance costs and intend to use the net proceeds of $247.9 million to fund our growth capital program and for general corporate purposes. We initially used the net proceeds to repay borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

Term Loan

In January 2023, under our senior secured credit facility, we entered into a senior secured term loan facility providing for $105.0 million principal amount, maturing in June 2027. Borrowing rates are variable and calculated as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 4.00% per annum. We used the proceeds to repay revolver borrowings under our senior secured credit facility and pay fees and costs.

Mississippi Tornado

In March 2023, a strong tornado touched down in Amory, Mississippi which caused damage to our 115,000 MTPY wood pellet production plant located in Amory, Mississippi (the “Amory plant”). Our other plants and ports in the region were not impacted. We maintain insurance coverage for property damage, inclusive of business interruption and casualty. Operations at the Amory plant have been suspended and we plan to resume operation during the fourth quarter of 2023. Given the small size of the Amory plant relative to the more than six million metric tons of installed production capacity across our portfolio, the

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impact to customers and to our financial performance is expected to be minimal. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded in cost of goods sold a $1.2 million impairment of plant assets, inventory, and finished goods which was offset by $1.0 million of insurance recoveries. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded in cost of goods sold $2.2 million of disposal costs, equipment rentals, and labor which were offset by $2.2 million of actual or probable insurance recoveries. We continue to assess any temporary impact on our operations. We expect to invest approximately $9.0 million in capital expenditures to resume operations of the Amory plant and expect to receive insurance recoveries for substantially all of this amount, subject to deductibles and retentions.

Product Sales Contracted Backlog

As of July 1, 2023, our total weighted-average remaining term of take-or-pay off-take contracts is approximately 13.4 years, with a total contracted revenue backlog of approximately $23.1 billion. This amount includes forward prices related to variable consideration including inflation, foreign currency, and commodity prices. Also, this amount includes the effects of the related foreign currency derivative contracts.

Factors Impacting Comparability of Our Financial Results

Accounting for Wood Pellets Sale Contracts as a Financing Arrangement (“Deferred Gross Margin Transactions”)

In the fourth quarter of 2022, we entered into agreements with a customer to purchase approximately 1.8 million MT of wood pellets between 2023 and 2025 (the “new purchase agreements”). The new purchase agreements were priced at market prices in effect at the time of the agreements. At that time, we entered into additional wood pellet sales contracts that together with the existing sales contracts totaled approximately 2.8 million MT with deliveries between 2022 and 2026. The customer uses the wood pellets purchased from us in its power generation business and is also one of the largest traders of wood pellets in the world. The purchases from this customer are part of our strategy to secure approximately 15% to 20% of our product sales volumes from third parties, which diversifies sources of product volumes and enables us to ship from additional locations to optimize shipping and delivery optionality.

Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), the new purchase agreements constituted a contract modification. Because the scope of the modification resulted in a net decrease in future sales volumes to the customer, we were required to account for the modification as if we had terminated the existing sale contracts and created a new, single contract. In addition, the new purchase agreements constitute a repurchase agreement under GAAP and are required to be accounted for as a financing arrangement.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, gross proceeds of $1.6 million and $31.3 million received from the sale of an insignificant amount and 0.1 million MT of wood pellets, respectively, delivered to the customer were reflected as financing transactions and deferred revenue on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, cost of goods sold of $4.2 million and $29.3 million, respectively, was included in finished good inventory as of June 30, 2023. In addition, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, interest expense of $11.6 million and $51.9 million, respectively, was recorded to financing liabilities based on the difference between the blended sales price and the future purchase price per MT of the pellets subject to repurchase.

As of June 30, 2023, the remaining MT to be sold under the existing sale contracts through 2026 was 2.1 million MT. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no purchases under the new purchase agreements for the purchase of approximately 1.8 million MT between 2023 and 2025.

The cash received from the customer of $23.5 million on sales during the six months ended June 30, 2023 under the existing sale contracts is included in net cash provided by financing activities instead of in cash provided by operating activities.

Increased Borrowing under Senior Secured Credit Facility and Higher Interest Rate

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we had lower average amounts borrowed and higher interest rates on our senior secured credit facility.

Inflationary Pressures

Heightened levels of inflation and the potential worsening of macro-economic conditions present risks for the Company, our suppliers and our customers. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we experienced impacts to our labor rates and suppliers have signaled inflation related cost pressures, which flowed through to our costs and pricing. Although inflation impacted our financial results during the first and second quarters of 2023, if inflation remains at current levels for an extended period, or increases, and we are unable to successfully mitigate the impact, our costs are likely to increase, resulting in pressure on our profits, margins and cash flows, particularly for existing fixed-price contracts. We are not able to quantify the

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effects of inflation during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. In addition, inflation and the increases in the cost of borrowing from rising interest rates could constrain the overall purchasing power of our customers for our products, in particular in the near term to the extent inflation assumptions are less than current inflationary pressures. Rising interest rates will also increase our borrowing costs on new debt and could affect the fair value of our investments. We remain committed to our ongoing efforts to increase the efficiency of our operations and improve the cost competitiveness and affordability of our products and services, which may, in part, offset cost increases from inflation.

Omicron Variant of Novel Coronavirus

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Omicron variant of COVID-19 significantly impacted our operations and resulted in $15.2 million of incremental costs. Our contractors and supply chain partners experienced labor-related and other challenges associated with COVID-19 that had a more pronounced than anticipated impact on our operations and project execution schedule. In addition, the prevalence of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 and increased rates of infection across areas in which we operate affected the availability of healthy workers from time to time at our facilities and we experienced increased rates of absence in our hourly workforce as workers who contracted COVID-19 quarantined at home. These absences contributed to reduced facility availability and, in some cases, reduced aggregate production levels.

War in Ukraine

The war in Ukraine impacted our operations and resulted in $5.1 million of incremental costs during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Our third-party shipping partners’ operations experienced severe dislocations which incrementally impacted our distribution costs related to demurrage and to loading, transporting, and unloading our wood pellets. In addition, the immediate spike in energy prices negatively impacted the cost of our operations including incremental costs to support continued services from our third-party fiber suppliers and trucking service providers.

How We Evaluate Our Operations

Adjusted Net Income (Loss)

We define adjusted net income (loss) as net income (loss) excluding acquisition and integration costs and other, effects of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine, Support Payments, Executive separation, and early retirement of debt obligation. We believe that adjusted net income (loss) enhances investors’ ability to compare the past financial performance of our underlying operations with our current performance separate from certain items of gain or loss that we characterize as unrepresentative of our ongoing operations.

Adjusted Gross Margin and Adjusted Gross Margin per Metric Ton

We define adjusted gross margin as gross margin excluding loss on disposal of assets and impairment of assets, non-equity-based compensation and other expense, depreciation and amortization, changes in unrealized derivative instruments related to hedged items, acquisition and integration costs and other, effects of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine, and Support Payments. We define adjusted gross margin per metric ton as adjusted gross margin per metric ton of wood pellets sold. We believe adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin per metric ton are meaningful measures because they compare our revenue-generating activities to our cost of goods sold for a view of profitability and performance on a total-dollar and a per-metric ton basis. Adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin per metric ton primarily will be affected by our ability to meet targeted production volumes and to control direct and indirect costs associated with procurement and delivery of wood fiber to our wood pellet production plants and our production and distribution of wood pellets.

Adjusted EBITDA

We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) excluding depreciation and amortization, total interest expense, income tax expense (benefit), early retirement of debt obligation, non-cash equity-based compensation and other expense, loss on disposal of assets and impairment of assets, changes in unrealized derivative instruments related to hedged items, cash-based restructuring inclusive of severance expense, acquisition and integration costs and other, effects of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine, Support Payments, and Executive separation. Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure used by our management and other users of our financial statements, such as investors, commercial banks, and research analysts, to assess the financial performance of our assets without regard to financing methods or capital structure.

Limitations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted net income (loss), adjusted gross margin, adjusted gross margin per metric ton, and adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors in assessing our financial condition and results of operations. Our non-GAAP

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financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. Each of these non-GAAP financial measures has important limitations as an analytical tool because they exclude some, but not all, items that affect the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. You should not consider adjusted net income (loss), adjusted gross margin, adjusted gross margin per metric ton, or adjusted EBITDA in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported in accordance with GAAP.

Our definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility. Please see below for a reconciliation of each of adjusted net income (loss), adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin per metric ton, and adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2022

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Change
			2023						2022
			(in thousands)
Product sales			$	288,150					$	293,615					$	(5,465)
Other revenue			13,755						2,706						11,049
Net revenue			301,905						296,321						5,584
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold, excluding items below			260,143						250,276						9,867
Loss on disposal of assets			3,177						2,282						895
Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses			21,987						27,704						(5,717)
Restructuring inclusive of severance expenses			13,585						—						13,585
Depreciation and amortization			29,965						28,833						1,132
Total operating costs and expenses			328,857						309,095						19,762
Loss from operations			(26,952)						(12,774)						(14,178)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense			(17,272)						(13,959)						(3,313)
Interest expense on repurchase accounting			(11,558)						—						(11,558)
Total interest expense			(28,830)						(13,959)						(14,871)
Other income (expense), net			17						(611)						628
Net loss before income taxes			(55,765)						(27,344)						(28,421)
Income tax expense (benefit)			11						(2)						13
Net loss			$	(55,776)					$	(27,342)					$	(28,434)

Net revenue

Revenue related to product sales for wood pellets produced or procured by us decreased to $288.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $293.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2022. The $5.5 million, or 2%, decrease was primarily attributable to a 4% decrease in average sale price per MT, partially offset by a 2% increase in product sales volumes for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Product sales exclude the gross proceeds of $1.6 million related to the sale of an insignificant amount of wood pellets during the three months ended June 30, 2023 pursuant to the Deferred Gross Margin Transactions (see above, “Accounting for Wood Pellets Sale Contracts as a Financing Arrangement (“Deferred Gross Margin Transactions”)”).

During the three months ended June 30, 2023 the average sales price per MT was lower than the three months ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by a less favorable pricing environment for our commercial activities in the second quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2022. These activities, which allow us to address dislocations in our customers’ and other producers’ supply chains, include completing incremental deliveries at elevated spot pricing, applying pricing escalators and cost pass-through mechanisms inclusive of bunker fuel adjustments in our existing contracts, and repricing existing contracts and entering into new contracts at higher prices compared to historical prices. The biomass spot market prices, as well as the

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forward curve pricing of certain European indices, exceeded $300 per MT in the second quarter of 2022, representing a substantial premium to the current long-term contracted pricing of roughly $200 to $220 per MT across Enviva’s weighted average portfolio, and we captured some of that differential during the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Other revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 included $12.1 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in payments to us for adjusting deliveries under our take-or-pay off-take contracts, which otherwise would have been included in product sales and which was recognized under a breakage model based on when the pellets would have been loaded.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold increased to $260.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $250.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $9.9 million, or 4%. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily a result of a 2% increase in product sales volumes and higher shipping and wood pellet procurement costs, offset by decreased fiber procurement and plant operating costs. The increase in shipping costs is primarily due to the increase in product sales volumes to our customers in Japan. The cost of goods sold excludes $4.2 million inclusive of depreciation and amortization of $0.3 million, which is reflected as inventory in connection with the Deferred Gross Margin Transactions (see above, “Accounting for Wood Pellets Sale Contracts as a Financing Arrangement (“Deferred Gross Margin Transactions”)”).

Adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin per metric ton

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Change
			2023						2022
			(in thousands, except per metric ton)
Reconciliation of gross margin to adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin per metric ton:
Gross margin(1)			$	10,444					$	16,816					$	(6,372)
Loss on disposal of assets and impairment of assets			3,177						2,282						895
Non-cash equity-based compensation and other expense			363						567						(204)
Depreciation and amortization			28,141						26,948						1,193
Changes in unrealized derivative instruments			(726)						2,145						(2,871)
Acquisition and integration costs and other			—						(244)						244
Support Payments			—						6,236						(6,236)
Adjusted gross margin			$	41,399					$	54,750					$	(13,351)
Metric tons sold			1,302						1,275						27
Gross margin per metric ton			$	8.02					$	13.19					$	(5.17)
Adjusted gross margin per metric ton			$	31.80					$	42.94					$	(11.14)

(1)Gross margin is defined as net revenue less cost of goods sold (including related depreciation and amortization and loss on disposal of assets).

We earned gross margin of $10.4 million, or $8.02 per MT, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $16.8 million, or $13.19 per MT, for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to the aforementioned increase in cost of goods sold.

We earned adjusted gross margin of $41.4 million, or $31.80 per MT, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $54.8 million, or $42.94 per MT, for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in adjusted gross margin was primarily due to the aforementioned increase in cost of goods sold and a decrease of Support Payments during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses

Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses were $22.0 million and $27.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $5.7 million decrease in total selling, general, administrative, and development expenses is primarily due to a decrease in acquisition and integration costs and other of $3.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to three months ended June 30, 2022. Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses excludes employee severance expenses and non-cash equity-based compensation recorded in restructuring inclusive of severance expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

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Restructuring inclusive of severance expenses

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, total restructuring and related expenses were $13.6 million and consisted of $2.7 million of cash-based employee severance expenses, $10.4 million of non-cash equity-based compensation, $0.3 million of accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation, and $0.2 million impairment of right-of-use assets related to an office lease.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expenses were $30.0 million and $28.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily due to assets placed in service since June 30, 2022. Depreciation and amortization expense excludes accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation recorded in restructuring inclusive of severance expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Total interest expense

We incurred $28.8 million and $14.0 million of total interest expense during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in total interest expense from the prior year was primarily attributable to $11.6 million interest expense associated with the Deferred Gross Margin Transactions (see above, “Accounting for Wood Pellets Sale Contracts as a Financing Arrangement (“Deferred Gross Margin Transactions”)”), higher interest rates under our senior secured revolving credit facility, interest expense on the senior secured credit term loan facility outstanding only during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and decreased capitalized interest related to construction in progress primarily due to the Lucedale plant, Pascagoula terminal, and expansion assets place in service during 2022.

Income tax

We recorded an insignificant income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and an insignificant income tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Adjusted net loss

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Change
			2023						2022
			(in thousands)
Reconciliation of net loss to adjusted net loss:
Net loss			$	(55,776)					$	(27,342)					$	(28,434)
Acquisition and integration costs and other			—						3,591						(3,591)
Support Payments			—						6,236						(6,236)
Adjusted net loss			$	(55,776)					$	(17,515)					$	(38,261)

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Adjusted EBITDA

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Change
			2023						2022
			(in thousands)
Reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA:
Net loss			$	(55,776)					$	(27,342)					$	(28,434)
Add:
Depreciation and amortization(1)			30,278						28,833						1,445
Total interest expense			28,830						13,959						14,871
Income tax expense (benefit)			11						(2)						13
Non-cash equity-based compensation and other expense(2)			17,223						9,763						7,460
Loss on disposal of assets and impairment of assets(3)			3,393						2,282						1,111
Changes in unrealized derivative instruments			(726)						2,145						(2,871)
Cash-based restructuring inclusive of severance expense			2,725						—						2,725
Acquisition and integration costs and other			—						3,592						(3,592)
Support Payments			—						6,236						(6,236)
Adjusted EBITDA			$	25,958					$	39,466					$	(13,508)

(1)Includes $0.3 million of accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation in connection with the restructuring expenses.

(2)Includes $10.4 million of non-cash equity-based compensation in connection with the restructuring expenses.

(3)Includes $0.2 million of impairment of right-of-use assets related to an office lease in connection with the restructuring expenses.

We generated adjusted EBITDA of $26.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $39.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The $13.5 million decrease was primarily attributable to the factors described above under the headings “Adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin per metric ton” and “Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses.’

Results of Operations

Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2022

			Six Months Ended June 30,												Change
			2023						2022
			(in thousands)
Product sales			$	548,398					$	524,527					$	23,871
Other revenue			22,589						4,776						17,813
Net revenue			570,987						529,303						41,684
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold, excluding items below			513,358						461,312						52,046
Loss on disposal of assets			6,806						3,183						3,623
Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses			52,941						61,395						(8,454)
Restructuring inclusive of severance expenses			13,585						—						13,585
Depreciation and amortization			64,639						51,392						13,247
Total operating costs and expenses			651,329						577,282						74,047
Loss from operations			(80,342)						(47,979)						(32,363)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense			(40,665)						(23,929)						(16,736)
Interest expense on repurchase accounting			(51,931)						—						(51,931)
Total interest expense			(92,596)						(23,929)						(68,667)
Other income (expense), net			326						(727)						1,053
Net loss before income tax expense (benefit)			(172,612)						(72,635)						(99,977)
Income tax expense			23						14						9
Net loss			$	(172,635)					$	(72,649)					$	(99,986)

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Net revenue

Revenue related to product sales for wood pellets produced or procured by us increased to $548.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $524.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022. The $23.9 million, or 5%, increase was primarily attributable to a 5% increase in product sales volumes for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Product sales exclude the gross proceeds of $31.3 million related to the sale of approximately 0.1 MT of wood pellets during the six months ended June 30, 2023 pursuant to the Deferred Gross Margin Transactions (see above, “Accounting for Wood Pellets Sale Contracts as a Financing Arrangement (“Deferred Gross Margin Transactions”)”).

Other revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 included $18.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively, in payments to us for adjusting deliveries under our take-or-pay off-take contracts, which otherwise would have been included in product sales and which was recognized under a breakage model based on when the pellets would have been loaded.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold increased to $513.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 from $461.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $52.0 million, or 11%. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily a result of 5% increase in product sales volumes and incremental fiber procurement, plant operating, and shipping costs. The increase in shipping costs was primarily due to the increase in product sales volumes to our customers in Japan. The cost of goods sold excludes $29.3 million inclusive of depreciation and amortization of $2.5 million, which is reflected as inventory in connection with the Deferred Gross Margin Transactions (see above, “Accounting for Wood Pellets Sale Contracts as a Financing Arrangement”). During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Omicron variant of COVID-19 significantly impacted our operations and resulted in $13.9 million of incremental costs and the war in Ukraine impacted our operations and resulted in $5.1 million of incremental costs. Furthermore, during the six months ended June 30, 2022, we incurred incremental cost of goods sold from the on-going ramp of the Lucedale plant and the commencement of operations of the Pascagoula terminal.

Adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin per metric ton

			Six Months Ended June 30,												Change
			2023						2022
			(in thousands, except per metric ton)
Reconciliation of gross margin to adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin per metric ton:
Gross margin(1)			$	(10,291)					$	16,555					$	(26,846)
Loss on disposal of assets and impairment of assets			6,974						3,183						3,791
Non-cash equity-based compensation and other expense			3,618						1,301						2,317
Depreciation and amortization			61,114						48,254						12,860
Changes in unrealized derivative instruments			(728)						535						(1,263)
Acquisition and integration costs and other			—						2,557						(2,557)
Effects of COVID-19			—						13,942						(13,942)
Effects of the war in Ukraine			—						5,051						(5,051)
Support Payments			2,050						14,085						(12,035)
Adjusted gross margin			$	62,737					$	105,463					$	(42,726)
Metric tons sold			2,492						2,371						121
Gross margin per metric ton			$	(4.13)					$	6.98					$	(11.11)
Adjusted gross margin per metric ton			$	25.18					$	44.48					$	(19.31)

(1)Gross margin is defined as net revenue less cost of goods sold (including related depreciation and amortization and loss on disposal of assets).

We earned gross margin of $(10.3) million, or $(4.13) per MT, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $16.6 million, or $6.98 per MT, for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to the aforementioned increase in cost of goods sold.

We earned adjusted gross margin of $62.7 million, or $25.18 per MT, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $105.5 million, or $44.48 per MT, for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in adjusted gross margin was primarily due to the aforementioned increase in cost of goods sold and a decrease of Support Payments during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.

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Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses

Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses were $52.9 million and $61.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $8.5 million decrease in total selling, general, administrative, and development expenses is primarily due to the decrease in acquisition and integration costs and other of $11.8 million partially offset by an increase of $2.6 million in professional services during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses excludes employee severance expenses and non-cash equity-based compensation recorded in restructuring inclusive of severance expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Restructuring inclusive of severance expenses

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, total restructuring and related expenses were $13.6 million and consisted of $2.7 million of cash-based employee severance expenses, $10.4 million of non-cash equity-based compensation, $0.3 million of accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation, and $0.2 million impairment of right-of-use assets related to an office lease.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense were $64.6 million and $51.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily due to the Lucedale plant, Pascagoula terminal, and expansion assets placed in service during the six months ended June 30, 2022. Depreciation and amortization expense excludes accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation recorded in restructuring inclusive of severance expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Total interest expense

We incurred $92.6 million and $23.9 million of total interest expense during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in interest expense from the prior year was primarily attributable to $51.9 million interest expense associated with the Deferred Gross Margin Transactions (see above, “Accounting for Wood Pellets Sale Contracts as a Financing Arrangement (“Deferred Gross Margin Transactions”)”), interest expense on the senior secured term loan facility term loan outstanding only during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and decreased capitalized interest related to construction in progress primarily due to the Lucedale plant, Pascagoula terminal, and expansion assets placed in service during 2022.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, we incurred $40.4 million and $11.5 million, respectively, of interest expense associated with the Deferred Gross Margin Transactions, the timing of which is based on the estimated timing of when the future purchases under the existing purchase agreements will occur. The decrease in interest expense resulted from discussions with the counterparty during the three months ended June 30, 2023 regarding the existing purchase agreements that have resulted in future purchases being now estimated to occur later than previously estimated.

Income tax

We recorded an insignificant income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and an insignificant income tax benefit during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Adjusted net loss

			Six Months Ended June 30,												Change
			2023						2022
			(in thousands)
Reconciliation of net loss to adjusted net loss:
Net loss			$	(172,635)					$	(72,649)					$	(99,986)
Acquisition and integration costs and other			—						14,369						(14,369)
Effects of COVID-19			—						15,189						(15,189)
Effects of the war in Ukraine			—						5,051						(5,051)
Support Payments			2,050						14,085						(12,035)
Adjusted net loss			$	(170,585)					$	(23,955)					$	(146,630)

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Adjusted EBITDA

			Six Months Ended June 30,												Change
			2023						2022
			(in thousands)
Reconciliation of net loss to adjusted EBITDA:
Net loss			$	(172,635)					$	(72,649)					$	(99,986)
Add:
Depreciation and amortization(1)			64,952						51,392						13,560
Total interest expense			92,596						23,929						68,667
Income tax expense			23						14						9
Non-cash equity-based compensation and other expense(2)			33,229						20,917						12,312
Loss on disposal of assets and impairment of assets(3)			7,190						3,183						4,007
Changes in unrealized derivative instruments			(728)						535						(1,263)
Cash-based restructuring inclusive of severance expense			2,725						—						2,725
Acquisition and integration costs and other			—						14,370						(14,370)
Effects of COVID-19			—						15,189						(15,189)
Effects of the war in Ukraine			—						5,051						(5,051)
Support Payments			2,050						14,085						(12,035)
Adjusted EBITDA			$	29,402					$	76,016					$	(46,614)

(1)Includes $0.3 million of accelerated leasehold improvement depreciation in connection with the restructuring expenses.

(2)Includes $10.4 million of non-cash equity-based compensation in connection with the restructuring expenses.

(3)Includes $0.2 million of impairment of right-of-use assets related to an office lease in connection with the restructuring expenses.

We generated adjusted EBITDA of $29.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $76.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The $46.6 million decrease was primarily attributable to the factors described above under the headings “Adjusted gross margin and adjusted gross margin per metric ton” and “Selling, general, administrative, and development expenses.”

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary sources of liquidity include cash and restricted cash balances, cash generated from operations, availability under our senior secured revolving credit facility and, from time to time, debt and equity offerings. Our primary liquidity needs are to fund working capital, service our debt, invest in maintenance capital expenditures, expansion and optimization of our plants, and greenfield construction projects, or, secondarily, where determined in the discretion of the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”), to pay dividends or repurchase our common stock. We may, pursuant to the current or a future Board authorization, repurchase our common shares when management believes that they are attractively priced. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, and other factors.

We believe cash on hand, cash generated from our operations and the availability of our senior secured revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet our primary liquidity requirements. However, future capital expenditures, such as expenditures made in relation to acquisitions of plants or terminals, plant development and/or plant expansion projects, and other cash requirements could be higher than we currently expect as a result of various factors. We regularly monitor market conditions, and our liquidity needs and from time to time may raise additional funds through debt or equity financing, through private investments in the Company, or through other financing opportunities. Additionally, our ability to generate sufficient cash from our operating activities depends on our future performance, which is subject to general economic, political, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control.

Our liquidity as of June 30, 2023, which included cash on hand and availability under our $570.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, was $565.6 million.

Cash Dividends

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we declared dividends of $0.905 per common share totaling $60.9 million. The Board evaluated the Company’s business strategy and opportunities and determined on May 2, 2023 to not pay dividends at that time and to focus our financial resources primarily on increasing our asset base through organic growth primarily on

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construction of greenfield facilities and expansion and optimization of our plants as well as inorganic growth through acquisitions. Our Board may decide to pay regular cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the future at their sole discretion. Our Board’s determination with respect to any such dividends, including the record date, the payment date, and the actual amount of the dividend, will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law, and other factors that the Board deems relevant at the time of such determination.

Stock Repurchase Program

On May 2, 2023, our Board adopted a program for the possible opportunistic repurchase of up to $100.0 million of our common stock. Purchases may be made from time to time in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise. The manner, timing, and amount of any purchases will be determined based on our evaluation of market conditions, stock price, compliance with outstanding agreements and other factors, may be commenced or suspended at any time without notice and does not obligate the Company to purchase shares during any period or at all. We did not make any repurchases under the program in the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Capital Requirements

We operate in a capital-intensive industry, which requires significant investments to develop and construct new production and terminal facilities and maintain and upgrade our existing facilities. Our capital requirements primarily have consisted, and we anticipate will continue to consist, of the following:

•Maintenance capital expenditures, which are cash expenditures incurred to maintain our long-term operating income or operating capacity. These expenditures typically include certain system integrity, compliance, and safety improvements; and

•Growth capital expenditures, which are cash expenditures we expect will increase our operating income or operating capacity over the long term. Growth capital expenditures include acquisitions or construction of new capital assets, including new plants and ports, or capital improvements such as expansions to or improvements on our existing capital assets as well as projects intended to extend the useful life of assets.

The classification of capital expenditures as either maintenance or growth is made at the individual asset level during our budgeting process and as we approve, execute, and monitor our capital spending.

We plan to invest $335.0 million to $365.0 million in capital expenditures in 2023. Of that amount, we expect to invest (1) $240.0 million to $260.0 million primarily on the development and construction of the Epes and Bond plants, (2) $75.0 million to $85.0 million primarily on expansion and optimization of our plants, and (3) $20.0 million on maintenance capital expenditures. The decrease from our previous capital expenditures plan, which was $365.0 million to $415.0 million, is primarily driven by updated timing of cash flow spending curves related to the Epes, and Bond projects, partially offset by higher expected spending on several smaller growth projects. The lower spending does not impact the planned in-service dates of Epes and Bond. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we have invested $136.9 million in capital expenditures.

Our current financing strategy is to fund acquisitions and construction activities with a combination of cash from operations and debt.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth a summary of our net cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022
			(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities			$	29,779					$	(68,891)
Net cash used in investing activities			(136,871)						(102,405)
Net cash provided by financing activities			11,637						201,234
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash			$	(95,455)					$	29,938

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Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $29.8 million and net cash used in operating activities was $68.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $98.7 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to changes in working capital of $123.6 million. The increase of $101.8 million in the change of deferred revenue is the primary contributor to the changes in working capital in the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $136.9 million and $102.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $34.5 million increase in cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022 was primarily due to the construction of the Epes plant.

Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $11.6 million and $201.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The $189.6 million decrease in net cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022 was primarily attributable to a net increase in payments on debt of $182.7 million, which includes a net principal payment of $281.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 to reduce the balance outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility using the proceeds of the converted Series A Preferred Stock and the net proceeds from the term loan issuance, and a net decrease of $85.1 million in proceeds from the stock issuances, which were partially offset by a decrease in cash dividends of $48.6 million.

Off‑Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2023, we did not have any off‑balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. We provide expanded discussion of our significant accounting policies, estimates, and judgments in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2022. We believe these accounting policies reflect our significant estimates and assumptions used in preparation of our financial statements. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates since December 31, 2022.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes to our exposure to market risk as disclosed in our 2022 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Enviva’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2023, because of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A of Part II of our Annual Report on our 2022 Form 10-K.

Remediation Plan for the Material Weakness

We evaluated the material weakness and have begun developing and implementing a plan of remediation to strengthen our internal controls related to the customer assets recoverability testing process. We will continue to review, revise, and improve the effectiveness of our internal controls, including taking the following steps to remediate our material weakness:

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•Enhance the level of precision at which our internal controls over financial reporting relating to customer asset recoverability assessments are performed and

•Improve our documentation to strengthen the support for the judgments applied in the recoverability analyses

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

On November 3, 2022, a putative securities class action lawsuit was filed in federal district court in the District of Maryland against Enviva, John Keppler, and Shai Even. On April 3, 2023, the lead plaintiff filed its amended complaint adding Jason E. Paral, Michael A. Johnson, Jennifer Jenkins, Don Calloway, and a number of underwriters of the Company’s stock offering made pursuant to the Company’s registration statement and prospectus dated January 19, 2022 as named defendants. The lawsuit asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder as well as Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act based on allegations that the Company made materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s business, operations, and compliance policies, particularly relating to its ESG practices. Specifically, the lawsuit alleges that the Company’s statements were misleading as to the environmental sustainability of the Company’s wood pellet production and procurement and the impact such statements would have on the Company’s financials and growth potential. The lawsuit seeks unspecified damages, equitable relief, interest and costs, and attorneys’ fees. The parties completed briefing on Enviva’s motion to dismiss the amended complaint on August 1, 2023 and it is now before the court for consideration. Enviva has insurance coverage that, we believe, will cover some or all of its liabilities related to the defense of this matter. However, litigation is inherently uncertain and we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred. Enviva believes the case is without merit and intends to vigorously defend the matter.

Although we may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business, we do not believe that we are a party to any litigation that will have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Other than the matter listed above, there have been no material changes with respect to the legal proceedings disclosed in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In May 2023, our Board elected to eliminate our dividend and authorize a share repurchase program. All of the risk factors that we disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, that could have an adverse impact on our ability to pay dividends also could have an adverse impact on our ability to repurchase shares.

Other than as set forth in this Item 1A, there have been no material changes with respect to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The information required by this Item 6 is set forth in the Exhibit Index accompanying the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is incorporated herein by reference.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number						Exhibit
3.1						Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Enviva Inc. (Exhibit 3.1, Form 8-K filed June 15, 2023, File No. 001-37363)
3.2						Bylaws of Enviva Inc. (Exhibit 3.1, Form 8-K filed November 8, 2022, File No. 001-37363)
4.1						Certificate of Designations of the Series A Preferred Stock of the Company, dated March 20, 2023 (Exhibit 4.1, Form 8-K filed March 24. 2023, File No. 001-37363)
4.2						Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 20, 2023 (Exhibit 4.2, Form 8-K filed March 24. 2023, File No. 001-37363)
10.1†						Seventh Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated May 1, 2023, by and between Enviva Management Company, LLC and William H. Schmidt, Jr. (Exhibit 10.5, Form 10-Q filed May 4, 2023, File No. 001-37363)
31.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**						Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002
101						The following financial information from Enviva Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

____________________________________________

*    Filed herewith.

**    Furnished herewith.

†    Management Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.

			ENVIVA INC.
Date: August 2, 2023
			By:			/s/ Shai S. Even
						Shai S. Even
			Title:			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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