ERIE INDEMNITY CO - Quarter Report: 2021 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from___to___

Commission file number 0-24000


			ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY
			(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania

25-0466020

(State or other jurisdiction of

(IRS Employer

incorporation or organization)

Identification No.)

100 Erie Insurance Place,

Erie,

Pennsylvania

16530

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)


			814			870-2000
			(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


			Not applicable
			(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Class A common stock,

stated value $0.0292 per share

ERIE

NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

(Title of each class)

(Trading Symbol)

(Name of each exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock as of the latest practicable date was 46,189,068 at October 22, 2021.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class B Common Stock as of the latest practicable date was 2,542 at October 22, 2021.

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PART I.			FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.			Financial Statements (Unaudited)

			Statements of Operations – Three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

			Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

			Statements of Financial Position – September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020

			Statements of Shareholders' Equity – Three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

			Statements of Cash Flows – Nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

			Notes to Financial Statements – September 30, 2021

Item 2.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 3.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 4.			Controls and Procedures


PART II.			OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.			Legal Proceedings

Item 1A.			Risk Factors

Item 2.			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds



Item 6.			Exhibits


			SIGNATURES

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Operating revenue
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services	$	504,891	$	484,551	$	1,462,880	$	1,412,096
Management fee revenue - administrative services	14,471		14,910		43,985		44,494
Administrative services reimbursement revenue	162,410		147,710		473,133		451,229
Service agreement revenue	6,067		6,310		18,048		19,418
Total operating revenue	687,839		653,481		1,998,046		1,927,237

Operating expenses
Cost of operations - policy issuance and renewal services	430,326		409,546		1,268,650		1,202,903
Cost of operations - administrative services	162,410		147,710		473,133		451,229

Total operating expenses	592,736		557,256		1,741,783		1,654,132
Operating income	95,103		96,225		256,263		273,105

Investment income
Net investment income	18,858		10,645		49,605		20,353
Net realized investment gains	1,610		5,915		5,183		1,635
Net impairment recoveries (losses) recognized in earnings	130		(122)		216		(3,192)

Total investment income	20,598		16,438		55,004		18,796

Interest expense, net	1,034		3		3,082		8
Other expense	541		964		1,608		1,588
Income before income taxes	114,126		111,696		306,577		290,305
Income tax expense	23,903		22,480		63,759		59,786
Net income	$	90,223	$	89,216	$	242,818	$	230,519


Net income per share
Class A common stock – basic	$	1.94	$	1.92	$	5.21	$	4.95
Class A common stock – diluted	$	1.72	$	1.71	$	4.64	$	4.41
Class B common stock – basic and diluted	$	291	$	287	$	782	$	742


Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic
Class A common stock	46,189,035		46,189,030		46,188,729		46,188,544
Class B common stock	2,542		2,542		2,542		2,542

Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted
Class A common stock	52,305,245		52,310,429		52,307,859		52,312,588
Class B common stock	2,542		2,542		2,542		2,542

Dividends declared per share
Class A common stock	$	1.035	$	0.965	$	3.105	$	2.895
Class B common stock	$	155.25	$	144.75	$	465.75	$	434.25

See accompanying notes to Financial Statements. See Note 11, "Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)", for amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into the Statements of Operations.

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ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY

STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income	$	90,223	$	89,216	$	242,818	$	230,519

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Change in unrealized holding (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities	(3,732)		6,143		(9,808)		11,358
Amortization of prior service costs and net actuarial loss on pension and other postretirement plans	3,463		2,659		10,389		7,979
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(269)		8,802		581		19,337
Comprehensive income	$	89,954	$	98,018	$	243,399	$	249,856

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ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY

STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Assets	(Unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	235,996	$	161,240
Available-for-sale securities	30,627		17,697
Equity securities	10		19
Receivables from Erie Insurance Exchange and affiliates, net	503,413		494,637
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	55,003		52,561

Accrued investment income	6,104		6,146
Total current assets	831,153		732,300

Available-for-sale securities, net	906,877		910,539
Equity securities	86,270		94,071

Fixed assets, net	277,939		265,341
Agent loans, net	59,462		62,449


Deferred income taxes, net	17,153		12,341
Other assets	57,704		40,081
Total assets	$	2,236,558	$	2,117,122

Liabilities and shareholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Commissions payable	$	280,540	$	262,338
Agent bonuses	88,556		110,158
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	148,282		150,706
Dividends payable	48,200		48,200
Contract liability	35,853		36,917
Deferred executive compensation	10,757		17,319

Current portion of long-term borrowings	2,075		2,031
Total current liabilities	614,263		627,669

Defined benefit pension plans	192,808		164,346
Long-term borrowings	92,273		93,833
Contract liability	18,098		18,878
Deferred executive compensation	14,477		14,904

Other long-term liabilities	17,783		9,444
Total liabilities	949,702		929,074

Shareholders’ equity
Class A common stock, stated value $0.0292 per share; 74,996,930 shares authorized; 68,299,200 shares issued; 46,189,068 shares outstanding	1,992		1,992
Class B common stock, convertible at a rate of 2,400 Class A shares for one Class B share, stated value $70 per share; 3,070 shares authorized; 2,542 shares issued and outstanding	178		178
Additional paid-in-capital	16,496		16,487
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(77,562)		(78,143)
Retained earnings	2,491,842		2,393,624

Total contributed capital and retained earnings	2,432,946		2,334,138
Treasury stock, at cost; 22,110,132 shares held	(1,167,490)		(1,163,670)
Deferred compensation	21,400		17,580
Total shareholders’ equity	1,286,856		1,188,048
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,236,558	$	2,117,122

See accompanying notes to Financial Statements.

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ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY

STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

Three and nine months ended September 30, 2021

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	Class A common stock		Class B common stock		Additional paid-in-capital		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		Retained earnings		Treasury stock		Deferred compensation		Total shareholders' equity
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	1,992	$	178	$	16,487	$	(78,143)	$	2,393,624	$	(1,163,670)	$	17,580	$	1,188,048

Net income									73,566						73,566
Other comprehensive loss							(5,289)								(5,289)
Dividends declared:
Class A $1.035 per share									(47,806)						(47,806)
Class B $155.25 per share									(395)						(395)
Net purchase of treasury stock (1)					9						0				9
Deferred compensation											(846)		846		0
Rabbi trust distribution (2)											876		(876)		0
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	1,992	$	178	$	16,496	$	(83,432)	$	2,418,989	$	(1,163,640)	$	17,550	$	1,208,133
Net income									79,029						79,029
Other comprehensive income							6,139								6,139
Dividends declared:
Class A $1.035 per share									(47,805)						(47,805)
Class B $155.25 per share									(394)						(394)
Net purchase of treasury stock (1)					0						0				0
Deferred compensation											(3,668)		3,668		0
Rabbi trust distribution (2)											97		(97)		0
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	1,992	$	178	$	16,496	$	(77,293)	$	2,449,819	$	(1,167,211)	$	21,121	$	1,245,102
Net income									90,223						90,223
Other comprehensive loss							(269)								(269)
Dividends declared:
Class A $1.035 per share									(47,805)						(47,805)
Class B $155.25 per share									(395)						(395)
Net purchase of treasury stock (1)					0						0				0
Deferred compensation											(279)		279		0

Balance, September 30, 2021	$	1,992	$	178	$	16,496	$	(77,562)	$	2,491,842	$	(1,167,490)	$	21,400	$	1,286,856

(1)Net purchases of treasury stock in 2021 include the repurchase of our Class A common stock in the open market that were subsequently distributed to satisfy stock based compensation awards.

(2)Distributions of our Class A shares were made from the rabbi trust to a retired director and an incentive compensation deferral plan participant in 2021.

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ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY

STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

Three and nine months ended September 30, 2020

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)


	Class A common stock		Class B common stock		Additional paid-in-capital		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		Retained earnings		Treasury stock		Deferred compensation		Total shareholders' equity
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	1,992	$	178	$	16,483	$	(116,868)	$	2,377,558	$	(1,158,910)	$	12,820	$	1,133,253
Cumulative effect adjustment (1)									(1,075)						(1,075)
Net income									59,326						59,326
Other comprehensive loss							(29,576)								(29,576)
Dividends declared:
Class A $0.965 per share									(44,572)						(44,572)
Class B $144.75 per share									(368)						(368)
Net purchase of treasury stock (2)					4						0				4
Deferred compensation											(772)		772		0
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	1,992	$	178	$	16,487	$	(146,444)	$	2,390,869	$	(1,159,682)	$	13,592	$	1,116,992
Net income									81,977						81,977
Other comprehensive income							40,111								40,111
Dividends declared:
Class A $0.965 per share									(44,573)						(44,573)
Class B $144.75 per share									(368)						(368)
Net purchase of treasury stock (2)					0						0				0
Deferred compensation											(3,568)		3,568		0
Rabbi trust distribution (3)											704		(704)		0
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	1,992	$	178	$	16,487	$	(106,333)	$	2,427,905	$	(1,162,546)	$	16,456	$	1,194,139
Net income									89,216						89,216
Other comprehensive income							8,802								8,802
Dividends declared:
Class A $0.965 per share									(44,572)						(44,572)
Class B $144.75 per share									(368)						(368)
Net purchase of treasury stock (2)					0						0				0
Deferred compensation											(371)		371		0

Balance, September 30, 2020	$	1,992	$	178	$	16,487	$	(97,531)	$	2,472,181	$	(1,162,917)	$	16,827	$	1,247,217

(1)The cumulative effect adjustment is related to the implementation of credit loss allowance accounting guidance effective January 1, 2020.

(2)Net purchases of treasury stock in 2020 include the repurchase of our Class A common stock in the open market that were subsequently distributed to satisfy stock based compensation awards.

(3)Distributions of our Class A shares were made from the rabbi trust to a retired director in 2020.

See accompanying notes to Financial Statements.

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ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Management fee received	$	1,496,372	$	1,434,070
Administrative services reimbursements received	471,395		432,133
Service agreement fee received	18,048		19,418
Net investment income received	27,957		26,817

Commissions paid to agents	(726,411)		(696,447)
Agents bonuses paid	(119,778)		(104,301)
Salaries and wages paid	(160,784)		(146,420)
Employee benefits paid	(24,592)		(24,067)
General operating expenses paid	(180,028)		(193,613)
Administrative services expenses paid	(471,523)		(440,531)
Income taxes paid	(63,504)		(72,576)
Interest paid	(3,114)		(5)
Net cash provided by operating activities	264,038		234,478

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of investments:
Available-for-sale securities	(267,067)		(338,093)
Equity securities	(45,654)		(66,847)

Other investments	(605)		(788)
Proceeds from investments:
Available-for-sale securities sales	108,869		89,264
Available-for-sale securities maturities/calls	142,614		92,731
Equity securities	54,303		55,000

Other investments	903		589
Purchase of fixed assets	(38,097)		(52,289)

Loans to agents	(5,648)		(3,773)
Collections on agent loans	7,224		5,635
Net cash used in investing activities	(43,158)		(218,571)

Cash flows from financing activities

Dividends paid to shareholders	(144,600)		(134,821)
Net payments on long-term borrowings	(1,524)		(1,470)

Net cash used in financing activities	(146,124)		(136,291)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	74,756		(120,384)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	161,240		336,739
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	235,996	$	216,355

Supplemental disclosure of noncash transactions
Transfer of investments from limited partnerships to equity securities	$	0	$	13,041
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	2,379	$	4,107
Liability incurred to purchase fixed assets	$	13,102	$	496

See accompanying notes to Financial Statements.

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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1. Nature of Operations

Erie Indemnity Company ("Indemnity", "we", "us", "our") is a publicly held Pennsylvania business corporation that has since its incorporation in 1925 served as the attorney-in-fact for the subscribers (policyholders) at the Erie Insurance Exchange ("Exchange"). The Exchange, which also commenced business in 1925, is a Pennsylvania-domiciled reciprocal insurer that writes property and casualty insurance.

Our primary function as attorney-in-fact is to perform policy issuance and renewal services on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange. We also act as attorney-in-fact on behalf of the Exchange with respect to all claims handling and investment management services, as well as the service provider for all claims handling, life insurance, and investment management services for its insurance subsidiaries, collectively referred to as "administrative services". Acting as attorney-in-fact in these two capacities is done in accordance with a subscriber's agreement (a limited power of attorney) executed individually by each subscriber (policyholder), which appoints us as their common attorney-in-fact to transact certain business on their behalf. Pursuant to the subscriber's agreement for acting as attorney-in-fact in these two capacities, we earn a management fee calculated as a percentage of the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange.

The policy issuance and renewal services we provide to the Exchange are related to the sales, underwriting and issuance of policies. The sales related services we provide include agent compensation and certain sales and advertising support services. Agent compensation includes scheduled commissions to agents based upon premiums written as well as additional commissions and bonuses to agents, which are earned by achieving targeted measures. The underwriting services we provide include underwriting and policy processing. The remaining services we provide include customer service and administrative support. We also provide information technology services that support all the functions listed above. Included in these expenses are allocations of costs for departments that support these policy issuance and renewal functions.

By virtue of its legal structure as a reciprocal insurer, the Exchange does not have any employees or officers. Therefore, it enters into contractual relationships by and through an attorney-in-fact. Indemnity serves as the attorney-in-fact on behalf of the Exchange with respect to its administrative services. The Exchange's insurance subsidiaries also utilize Indemnity for these services in accordance with the service agreements between each of the subsidiaries and Indemnity. Claims handling services include costs incurred in the claims process, including the adjustment, investigation, defense, recording and payment functions. Life insurance management services include costs incurred in the management and processing of life insurance business. Investment management services are related to investment trading activity, accounting and all other functions attributable to the investment of funds. Included in these expenses are allocations of costs for departments that support these administrative functions. The amounts incurred for these services are reimbursed to Indemnity at cost in accordance with the subscriber's agreement and the service agreements. State insurance regulations require that intercompany service agreements and any material amendments be approved in advance by the state insurance department.

Our results of operations are tied to the growth and financial condition of the Exchange. If any events occurred that impaired the Exchange’s ability to grow or sustain its financial condition, including but not limited to reduced financial strength ratings, disruption in the independent agency relationships, significant catastrophe losses, or products not meeting customer demands, the Exchange could find it more difficult to retain its existing business and attract new business. A decline in the business of the Exchange almost certainly would have as a consequence a decline in the total premiums paid and a correspondingly adverse effect on the amount of the management fees we receive. We also have an exposure to a concentration of credit risk related to the unsecured receivables due from the Exchange for its management fee and cost reimbursements. See Note 12, "Concentrations of Credit Risk".

Coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic

In March 2020, the outbreak of the coronavirus ("COVID-19") was declared a global pandemic. The uncertainty resulting from COVID-19 continues to evolve and the pandemic’s ultimate impact and duration remain uncertain at this time. We are unable to predict the duration or extent of the business disruption or the financial impact given the ongoing development of the pandemic and its impacts on the economy and financial markets.

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Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to the current period’s presentation. "Federal income taxes recoverable" is now included in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" in the Statements of Financial Position. “Equity in earnings (losses) of limited partnerships” is now included in “Net investment income” in the Statements of Operations. The reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income.

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Note 3. Revenue

The majority of our revenue is derived from the subscriber’s agreement between us and the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange. Pursuant to the subscriber’s agreement, we earn a management fee calculated as a percentage, not to exceed 25%, of all direct and affiliated assumed written premiums of the Exchange. We allocate a portion of our management fee revenue, currently 25% of the direct and affiliated assumed written premiums of the Exchange, between the two performance obligations we have under the subscriber’s agreement. The first performance obligation is to provide policy issuance and renewal services to the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange, and the second is to act as attorney-in-fact on behalf of the Exchange, as well as the service provider for its insurance subsidiaries, with respect to all administrative services.

The transaction price, including management fee revenue and administrative service reimbursement revenue, includes variable consideration and is allocated based on the estimated standalone selling prices developed using industry information and other available information for similar services. A constraining estimate of variable consideration exists related to the potential for management fees to be returned if a policy were to be cancelled mid-term. Management fees are returned to the Exchange when policyholders cancel their insurance coverage mid-term and premiums are refunded to them. The constraining estimate is determined using the expected value method, based on both historical and current information. The estimated transaction price, as reduced by the constraint, reflects consideration expected for performance of our services. We update the transaction price and the related allocation at least annually based upon the most recent information available or more frequently if there have been significant changes in any components considered in the transaction price.

The first performance obligation is to provide policy issuance and renewal services that result in executed insurance policies between the Exchange or one of its insurance subsidiaries and the subscriber (policyholder). The subscriber (policyholder), receives economic benefits when substantially all the policy issuance or renewal services are complete and an insurance policy is issued or renewed by the Exchange or one of its insurance subsidiaries. It is at the time of policy issuance or renewal that the allocated portion of revenue is recognized.

The Exchange, by virtue of its legal structure as a reciprocal insurer, does not have any employees or officers. Therefore, it enters into contractual relationships by and through an attorney-in-fact. Indemnity serves as the attorney-in-fact on behalf of the Exchange with respect to its administrative services in accordance with the subscriber's agreement. The Exchange's insurance subsidiaries also utilize Indemnity for these services in accordance with the service agreements between each of the subsidiaries and Indemnity. Collectively, these services represent a second performance obligation under the subscriber’s agreement and the service agreements. The revenue allocated to this performance obligation is recognized over a four-year period representing the time over which these services are provided. The portion of revenue not yet earned is recorded as a contract liability in the Statements of Financial Position. During the three and nine months ending September 30, 2021, we recognized revenue of $7.8 million and $31.7 million, respectively, that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of December 31, 2020. During the three and nine months ending September 30, 2020, we recognized revenue of $7.6 million and $31.0 million, respectively, that was included in the contract liabilities balance as of December 31, 2019. The administrative services expenses we incur and the related reimbursements we receive are recorded gross in the Statements of Operations.

Indemnity records a receivable from the Exchange for management fee revenue when the premium is written or assumed by the Exchange. Indemnity collects the management fee from the Exchange when the Exchange collects the premiums from the subscribers (policyholders). As the Exchange issues policies with annual terms only, cash collections generally occur within one year.

The following table disaggregates revenue by our two performance obligations:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020			2021		2020
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services	$	504,891	$	484,551		$	1,462,880	$	1,412,096

Management fee revenue - administrative services	14,471		14,910			43,985		44,494
Administrative services reimbursement revenue	162,410		147,710			473,133		451,229
Total administrative services	$	176,881	$	162,620		$	517,118	$	495,723

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Note 4. Earnings Per Share

Class A and Class B basic earnings per share and Class B diluted earnings per share are calculated under the two-class method. The two-class method allocates earnings to each class of stock based upon its dividend rights. Class B shares are convertible into Class A shares at a conversion ratio of 2,400 to 1. See Note 10, "Capital Stock".

Class A diluted earnings per share are calculated under the if-converted method, which reflects the conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares. Diluted earnings per share calculations include the dilutive effect of assumed issuance of stock-based awards under compensation plans that have the option to be paid in stock using the treasury stock method.

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in the basic and diluted per-share computations is presented as follows for each class of common stock:


	Three months ended September 30,
	2021					2020
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Allocated net income (numerator)		Weighted shares (denominator)	Per-share amount		Allocated net income (numerator)		Weighted shares (denominator)	Per-share amount
Class A – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders	$	89,484	46,189,035	$	1.94	$	88,486	46,189,030	$	1.92
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards	0		15,410	—		0		20,599	—
Assumed conversion of Class B shares	739		6,100,800	—		730		6,100,800	—
Class A – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders on Class A equivalent shares	$	90,223	52,305,245	$	1.72	$	89,216	52,310,429	$	1.71
Class B – Basic and diluted EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders	$	739	2,542	$	291	$	730	2,542	$	287



	Nine months ended September 30,
	2021					2020
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Allocated net income (numerator)		Weighted shares (denominator)	Per-share amount		Allocated net income (numerator)		Weighted shares (denominator)	Per-share amount
Class A – Basic EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders	$	240,830	46,188,729	$	5.21	$	228,632	46,188,544	$	4.95
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards	0		18,330	—		0		23,244	—
Assumed conversion of Class B shares	1,988		6,100,800	—		1,887		6,100,800	—
Class A – Diluted EPS:
Income available to Class A stockholders on Class A equivalent shares	$	242,818	52,307,859	$	4.64	$	230,519	52,312,588	$	4.41
Class B – Basic and diluted EPS:
Income available to Class B stockholders	$	1,988	2,542	$	782	$	1,887	2,542	$	742

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Note 5. Fair Value

Financial instruments carried at fair value

Our available-for-sale and equity securities are recorded at fair value, which is the price that would be received to sell the asset in an orderly transaction between willing market participants as of the measurement date.

Valuation techniques used to derive the fair value of our available-for-sale and equity securities are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect our own assumptions regarding fair market value for these securities. Financial instruments are categorized based upon the following characteristics or inputs to the valuation techniques:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity can access at the measurement date.

•Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Estimates of fair values for our investment portfolio are obtained primarily from a nationally recognized pricing service. Our Level 1 securities are valued using an exchange traded price provided by the pricing service. Pricing service valuations for Level 2 securities include multiple verifiable, observable inputs including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data. Pricing service valuations for Level 3 securities are based upon proprietary models and are used when observable inputs are not available or in illiquid markets.

Although virtually all of our prices are obtained from third party sources, we also perform internal pricing reviews, including evaluating the methodology and inputs used to ensure that we determine the proper classification level of the financial instrument and reviewing securities with price changes that vary significantly from current market conditions or independent price sources. Price variances are investigated and corroborated by market data and transaction volumes. We have reviewed the pricing methodologies of our pricing service as well as other observable inputs and believe that the prices adequately consider market activity in determining fair value.

In limited circumstances we adjust the price received from the pricing service when, in our judgment, a better reflection of fair value is available based upon corroborating information and our knowledge and monitoring of market conditions such as a disparity in price of comparable securities and/or non-binding broker quotes. In other circumstances, certain securities are internally priced because prices are not provided by the pricing service.

When a price from the pricing service is not available, values are determined by obtaining broker/dealer quotes and/or market comparables. When available, we obtain multiple quotes for the same security. The ultimate value for these securities is determined based upon our best estimate of fair value using corroborating market information. As of September 30, 2021, nearly all of our available-for-sale and equity securities were priced using a third party pricing service.

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The following tables present our fair value measurements on a recurring basis by asset class and level of input as of:



	September 30, 2021

(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Available-for-sale securities:




Corporate debt securities	$	567,966	$	555	$	561,214	$	6,197
Collateralized debt obligations	114,004		0		114,004		0
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	96,827		0		87,133		9,694
Residential mortgage-backed securities	127,231		0		122,943		4,288
Other debt securities	25,727		0		25,273		454



U.S. Treasury	5,749		0		5,749		0
Total available-for-sale securities	937,504		555		916,316		20,633

Equity securities - nonredeemable preferred and common stock:


Financial services sector	70,432		4,850		63,476		2,106
Utilities sector	7,046		1,210		5,836		0
Energy sector	5,316		10		5,306		0
Consumer sector	2,218		0		2,218		0
Communications sector	1,013		0		1,013		0
Industrial sector	255		255		0		0
Total equity securities	86,280		6,325		77,849		2,106

Total	$	1,023,784	$	6,880	$	994,165	$	22,739



	December 31, 2020

(in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Available-for-sale securities:





Corporate debt securities	$	566,425	$	1,281	$	559,319	$	5,825
Collateralized debt obligations	110,447		0		110,447		0
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	120,201		0		100,739		19,462
Residential mortgage-backed securities	112,179		0		111,242		937
Other debt securities	18,984		0		18,984		0
Total available-for-sale securities	928,236		1,281		900,731		26,224
Equity securities - nonredeemable preferred and common stock:

Financial services sector	76,575		24,981		51,594		0
Utilities sector	8,742		3,957		4,785		0
Energy sector	2,206		676		1,530		0
Consumer sector	3,068		576		2,492		0
Communications sector	2,699		2,699		0		0
Industrial sector	800		800		0		0
Total equity securities	94,090		33,689		60,401		0






Total	$	1,022,326	$	34,970	$	961,132	$	26,224

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We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Transfers between hierarchy levels may occur due to changes in available market observable inputs.

Level 3 Assets – 2021 Quarterly Change:



(in thousands)	Beginning balance at June 30, 2021		Included in earnings(1)		Included in other comprehensive income		Purchases		Sales		Transfers into Level 3(2)		Transfers out of Level 3(2)		Ending balance at September 30, 2021
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities	$	6,078	$	7	$	3	$	1,995	$	(1,213)	$	1,129	$	(1,802)	$	6,197
Collateralized debt obligations	750		0		0		0		0		0		(750)		0
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	17,133		(90)		(143)		229		(2,912)		0		(4,523)		9,694
Residential mortgage-backed securities	3,041		(5)		(26)		0		(366)		4,288		(2,644)		4,288
Other debt securities	2,544		0		1		0		(757)		0		(1,334)		454
Total available-for-sale securities	29,546		(88)		(165)		2,224		(5,248)		5,417		(11,053)		20,633
Nonredeemable preferred stock	1,000		13		0		0		0		1,093		0		2,106
Total Level 3 securities	$	30,546	$	(75)	$	(165)	$	2,224	$	(5,248)	$	6,510	$	(11,053)	$	22,739

Level 3 Assets – 2021 Year-to-Date Change:


(in thousands)	Beginning balance at December 31, 2020		Included in earnings(1)		Included in other comprehensive income		Purchases		Sales		Transfers into Level 3(2)		Transfers out of Level 3(2)		Ending balance at September 30, 2021
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities	$	5,825	$	27	$	82	$	4,253	$	(1,886)	$	3,678	$	(5,782)	$	6,197
Collateralized debt obligations	0		0		0		750		0		0		(750)		0
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	19,462		(287)		(590)		3,073		(3,878)		3,854		(11,940)		9,694
Residential mortgage-backed securities	937		(11)		(26)		0		(842)		7,318		(3,088)		4,288
Other debt securities	0		0		(1)		2,588		(799)		0		(1,334)		454
Total available-for-sale securities	26,224		(271)		(535)		10,664		(7,405)		14,850		(22,894)		20,633
Nonredeemable preferred stock	0		18		0		1,000		0		2,183		(1,095)		2,106
Total Level 3 securities	$	26,224	$	(253)	$	(535)	$	11,664	$	(7,405)	$	17,033	$	(23,989)	$	22,739

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Level 3 Assets – 2020 Quarterly Change:




(in thousands)	Beginning balance at June 30, 2020		Included in earnings(1)		Included in other comprehensive income		Purchases		Sales		Transfers into Level 3(2)		Transfers out of Level 3(2)		Ending balance at September 30, 2020
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities	$	4,916	$	4	$	157	$	2,258	$	(198)	$	1,644	$	(1,751)	$	7,030
Collateralized debt obligations	259		0		(9)		0		0		0		(250)		0
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	18,066		(47)		351		2,077		0		29,786		0		50,233
Residential mortgage-backed securities	0		0		0		287		0		10,559		0		10,846

Total available-for-sale securities	23,241		(43)		499		4,622		(198)		41,989		(2,001)		68,109
Nonredeemable preferred stock	795		194		0		2,016		0		0		0		3,005
Total Level 3 securities	$	24,036	$	151	$	499	$	6,638	$	(198)	$	41,989	$	(2,001)	$	71,114

Level 3 Assets – 2020 Year-to-Date Change:



(in thousands)	Beginning balance at December 31, 2019		Included in earnings(1)		Included in other comprehensive income		Purchases		Sales		Transfers into Level 3(2)		Transfers out of Level 3(2)		Ending balance at September 30, 2020
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities	$	8,324	$	9	$	(354)	$	4,759	$	(740)	$	9,681	$	(14,649)	$	7,030
Collateralized debt obligations	0		0		3		247		0		0		(250)		0
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	3,321		(89)		471		9,281		(287)		38,677		(1,141)		50,233
Residential mortgage-backed securities	0		0		0		287		0		10,559		0		10,846

Total available-for-sale securities	11,645		(80)		120		14,574		(1,027)		58,917		(16,040)		68,109
Nonredeemable preferred stock	0		169		0		2,836		0		0		0		3,005
Total Level 3 securities	$	11,645	$	89	$	120	$	17,410	$	(1,027)	$	58,917	$	(16,040)	$	71,114

(1)These amounts are reported as net investment income and net realized investment gains (losses) for each of the periods presented above.

(2)Transfers into and/or (out) of Level 3 are primarily attributable to the availability of market observable information and the re-evaluation of the observability of pricing inputs.

Financial instruments not carried at fair value

The following table presents the carrying values and fair values of financial instruments categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy that are recorded at carrying value as of:



	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Carrying value		Fair value		Carrying value		Fair value

Agent loans (1)	$	67,789	$	69,805	$	69,212	$	73,854
Long-term borrowings (2)	94,589		103,283		96,113		113,054

(1)The discount rate used to calculate fair value at September 30, 2021 is reflective of a decrease in the BB+ financial yield curve.

(2)The discount rate used to calculate fair value at September 30, 2021 is reflective of an increase in U.S. Treasury bond yields.

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Note 6. Investments

Available-for-sale securities

See Note 5, "Fair Value" for additional fair value disclosures. The following tables summarize the cost and fair value, net of credit loss allowance, of our available-for-sale securities as of:



	September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Estimated fair value






Corporate debt securities	$	554,572	$	14,537	$	1,143	$	567,966
Collateralized debt obligations	113,701		538		235		114,004
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	94,972		2,306		451		96,827
Residential mortgage-backed securities	126,276		1,660		705		127,231
Other debt securities	25,399		345		17		25,727
U.S. Treasury	5,479		314		44		5,749



Total available-for-sale securities, net	$	920,399	$	19,700	$	2,595	$	937,504



	December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Estimated fair value







Corporate debt securities	$	546,096	$	21,843	$	1,514	$	566,425
Collateralized debt obligations	110,121		657		331		110,447
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	115,346		5,090		235		120,201
Residential mortgage-backed securities	108,840		3,373		34		112,179
Other debt securities	18,387		606		9		18,984
Total available-for-sale securities, net	$	898,790	$	31,569	$	2,123	$	928,236

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities at September 30, 2021 are shown below by remaining contractual term to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.



	September 30, 2021
	Amortized		Estimated
(in thousands)	cost		fair value

Due in one year or less	$	30,255	$	30,627
Due after one year through five years	420,007		430,590
Due after five years through ten years	183,979		186,450
Due after ten years	286,158		289,837
Total available-for-sale securities	$	920,399	$	937,504

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The below securities have been evaluated and determined to be temporary declines in fair value for which we expect to recover our entire principal plus interest. The following tables present available-for-sale securities based on length of time in a gross unrealized loss position as of:



	September 30, 2021
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		No. of holdings





Corporate debt securities	$	96,735	$	741	$	10,396	$	402	$	107,131	$	1,143	345
Collateralized debt obligations	52,441		189		12,194		46		64,635		235		81
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	13,237		326		974		125		14,211		451		31
Residential mortgage-backed securities	63,636		691		299		14		63,935		705		56
Other debt securities	3,163		17		0		0		3,163		17		9
U.S. Treasury	1,339		44		0		0		1,339		44		1



Total available-for-sale securities	$	230,551	$	2,008	$	23,863	$	587	$	254,414	$	2,595	523
Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade	$	196,591	$	1,727	$	16,711	$	257	$	213,302	$	1,984	215
Non-investment grade	33,960		281		7,152		330		41,112		611		308
Total available-for-sale securities	$	230,551	$	2,008	$	23,863	$	587	$	254,414	$	2,595	523



	December 31, 2020
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses		No. of holdings





Corporate debt securities	$	39,693	$	644	$	7,952	$	870	$	47,645	$	1,514	257
Collateralized debt obligations	50,036		232		10,899		99		60,935		331		65
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	16,582		235		0		0		16,582		235		31
Residential mortgage-backed securities	8,163		34		0		0		8,163		34		13
Other debt securities	1,019		9		0		0		1,019		9		4
Total available-for-sale securities	$	115,493	$	1,154	$	18,851	$	969	$	134,344	$	2,123	370




Quality breakdown of available-for-sale securities:
Investment grade	$	86,807	$	561	$	10,899	$	99	$	97,706	$	660	119
Non-investment grade	28,686		593		7,952		870		36,638		1,463		251
Total available-for-sale securities	$	115,493	$	1,154	$	18,851	$	969	$	134,344	$	2,123	370

Credit loss allowance on investments

As of September 30, 2021, the current expected credit loss allowance on agent loans was $1.0 million compared to $1.1 million at December 31, 2020. The current expected credit loss on available-for-sale securities was less than $0.1 million at September 30, 2021, and $0.2 million at December 31, 2020.

Net investment income

Investment income (loss), net of expenses, was generated from the following portfolios:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Available-for-sale securities	$	5,786	$	5,353	$	17,773	$	16,811
Equity securities	1,030		1,178		3,348		2,935
Limited partnerships (1)	11,504		3,615		26,701		(2,419)
Cash equivalents and other	862		1,009		2,774		4,098
Total investment income	19,182		11,155		50,596		21,425
Less: investment expenses	324		510		991		1,072
Investment income, net of expenses	$	18,858	$	10,645	$	49,605	$	20,353

(1)Equity in earnings (losses) of limited partnerships includes both realized gains (losses) and unrealized valuation changes. Our limited partnership investments are included in the line item "Other assets" in the Statements of Financial Position. We have made no new limited partnership commitments since 2006, and the balance of limited partnership investments is expected to decline over time as additional distributions are received.

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Realized investment gains (losses)

Realized gains (losses) on investments were as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Available-for-sale securities:

Gross realized gains	$	2,424	$	604	$	5,422	$	3,399
Gross realized losses	(235)		(467)		(1,353)		(2,292)
Net realized gains on available-for-sale securities	2,189		137		4,069		1,107




Equity securities	(579)		5,777		1,113		525










Miscellaneous	0		1		1		3
Net realized investment gains	$	1,610	$	5,915	$	5,183	$	1,635

The portion of net unrealized gains and losses recognized during the reporting period related to equity securities held at the reporting date is calculated as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Equity securities:
Net (losses) gains recognized during the period	$	(579)	$	5,777	$	1,113	$	525
Less: net (losses) gains recognized on securities sold	(267)		1,796		5		(1,009)
Net unrealized (losses) gains recognized on securities held at reporting date	$	(312)	$	3,981	$	1,108	$	1,534

Net impairment recoveries (losses) recognized in earnings

Impairments on available-for-sale securities and agent loans were as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Available-for-sale securities:
Intent to sell	$	(10)	$	(37)	$	(10)	$	(2,279)
Credit (impaired) recovered	(13)		(85)		73		(743)
Total available-for-sale securities	(23)		(122)		63		(3,022)
Agent loans - expected credit recoveries (losses)	153		—		153		(170)
Net impairment recoveries (losses) recognized in earnings	$	130	$	(122)	$	216	$	(3,192)

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Note 7. Borrowing Arrangements

Bank line of credit

As of September 30, 2021, we have access to a $100 million bank revolving line of credit with a $25 million letter of credit sublimit that expires on October 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2021, a total of $99.1 million remains available under the facility due to $0.9 million outstanding letters of credit, which reduce the availability for letters of credit to $24.1 million. We had no borrowings outstanding on our line of credit as of September 30, 2021. Investments with a fair value of $122.6 million were pledged as collateral on the line at September 30, 2021. The investments pledged as collateral have no trading restrictions and are reported as available-for-sale securities and cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2021. The banks require compliance with certain covenants, which include leverage ratios and debt restrictions, for our line of credit. We are in compliance with all covenants at September 30, 2021.

Term loan credit facility

In 2016, we entered into a credit agreement for a $100 million senior secured draw term loan credit facility ("Credit Facility") for the acquisition of real property and construction of an office building that now serves as part of our principal headquarters. On January 1, 2019, the Credit Facility converted to a fully-amortized term loan with monthly payments of principal and interest at a fixed rate of 4.35% over a period of 28 years. Investments with a fair value of $121.9 million were pledged as collateral for the facility and are reported as available-for-sale securities and cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2021. The bank requires compliance with certain covenants, which include leverage ratios, debt restrictions and minimum net worth, for our Credit Facility. We are in compliance with all covenants at September 30, 2021.

The remaining unpaid balance from the Credit Facility is reported at carrying value, net of unamortized loan origination and commitment fees, as long-term borrowings on our Statements of Financial Position. See Note 5, "Fair Value" for the estimated fair value of these borrowings.

Annual principal payments

The following table sets forth future principal payments:


(in thousands)
Year		Principal payments
2021	$	507
2022		2,109
2023		2,226
2024		2,302
2025		2,449
Thereafter		84,996

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Note 8. Postretirement Benefits

Pension plans

Our pension plans consist of a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all employees and an unfunded supplemental employee retirement plan for certain members of executive and senior management. Although we are the sponsor of these postretirement plans and record the funded status of these plans, the Exchange and its subsidiaries reimburse us for approximately 58% of the annual benefit expense of these plans, which represents pension benefits for employees performing administrative services and their allocated share of costs for employees in departments that support the administrative functions.

The cost of our pension plans are as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service cost for benefits earned	$	13,260	$	10,873	$	39,780	$	32,620
Interest cost on benefits obligation	9,206		9,395		27,618		28,184
Expected return on plan assets	(12,569)		(12,353)		(37,706)		(37,059)
Prior service cost amortization	357		336		1,071		1,007
Net actuarial loss amortization	4,027		3,031		12,080		9,093
Pension plan cost (1)	$	14,281	$	11,282	$	42,843	$	33,845

(1)The components of pension plan costs other than the service cost component are included in the line item "Other expense" in the Statements of Operations after reimbursements from the Exchange and its subsidiaries.

Note 9. Income Taxes

Income tax expense is provided on an interim basis based upon our estimate of the annual effective income tax rate, adjusted each quarter for discrete items. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, our effective tax rate was 20.9% and 20.1%, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, our effective tax rate was 20.8% and 20.6%, respectively.

Note 10. Capital Stock

Class A and B common stock

Holders of Class B shares may, at their option, convert their shares into Class A shares at the rate of 2,400 Class A shares per Class B share. There were no shares of Class B common stock converted into Class A common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020. There is no provision for conversion of Class A shares to Class B shares, and Class B shares surrendered for conversion cannot be reissued.

Stock repurchases

In 2011, our Board of Directors approved a continuation of the current stock repurchase program of $150 million, with no time limitation. There were no shares repurchased under this program during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020. We had approximately $17.8 million of repurchase authority remaining under this program at September 30, 2021.

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Note 11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") (loss) by component, including amounts reclassified to other comprehensive income ("OCI") (loss) and the related line item in the Statements of Operations where net income is presented, are as follows:


	Three months ended						Three months ended
	September 30, 2021						September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Before Tax		Income Tax		Net		Before Tax		Income Tax		Net
Investment securities:
AOCI, beginning of period	$	21,693	$	4,556	$	17,137	$	12,265	$	2,575	$	9,690
OCI (loss) before reclassifications	(2,557)		(537)		(2,020)		7,792		1,636		6,156
Realized investment gains	(2,189)		(459)		(1,730)		(137)		(28)		(109)
Impairment losses	23		5		18		122		26		96

OCI (loss)	(4,723)		(991)		(3,732)		7,777		1,634		6,143
AOCI, end of period	$	16,970	$	3,565	$	13,405	$	20,042	$	4,209	$	15,833

Pension and other postretirement plans:
AOCI (loss), beginning of period	$	(119,533)	$	(25,103)	$	(94,430)	$	(146,866)	$	(30,843)	$	(116,023)

Amortization of prior service costs	357		75		282		335		70		265
Amortization of net actuarial loss	4,027		846		3,181		3,031		637		2,394
OCI	4,384		921		3,463		3,366		707		2,659
AOCI (loss), end of period	$	(115,149)	$	(24,182)	$	(90,967)	$	(143,500)	$	(30,136)	$	(113,364)

Total
AOCI (loss), beginning of period	$	(97,840)	$	(20,547)	$	(77,293)	$	(134,601)	$	(28,268)	$	(106,333)
Investment securities	(4,723)		(991)		(3,732)		7,777		1,634		6,143
Pension and other postretirement plans	4,384		921		3,463		3,366		707		2,659
OCI (loss)	(339)		(70)		(269)		11,143		2,341		8,802
AOCI (loss), end of period	$	(98,179)	$	(20,617)	$	(77,562)	$	(123,458)	$	(25,927)	$	(97,531)

	Nine months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30, 2021						September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Before Tax		Income Tax		Net		Before Tax		Income Tax		Net
Investment securities:
AOCI, beginning of period	$	29,384	$	6,171	$	23,213	$	5,664	$	1,189	$	4,475
OCI (loss) before reclassifications	(8,282)		(1,739)		(6,543)		12,463		2,617		9,846
Realized investment gains	(4,069)		(854)		(3,215)		(1,107)		(232)		(875)
Impairment (recoveries) losses	(63)		(13)		(50)		3,022		635		2,387

OCI (loss)	(12,414)		(2,606)		(9,808)		14,378		3,020		11,358
AOCI, end of period	$	16,970	$	3,565	$	13,405	$	20,042	$	4,209	$	15,833

Pension and other postretirement plans:
AOCI (loss), beginning of period	$	(128,300)	$	(26,944)	$	(101,356)	$	(153,600)	$	(32,257)	$	(121,343)

Amortization of prior service costs	1,071		225		846		1,007		211		796
Amortization of net actuarial loss	12,080		2,537		9,543		9,093		1,910		7,183
OCI	13,151		2,762		10,389		10,100		2,121		7,979
AOCI (loss), end of period	$	(115,149)	$	(24,182)	$	(90,967)	$	(143,500)	$	(30,136)	$	(113,364)

Total
AOCI (loss), beginning of period	$	(98,916)	$	(20,773)	$	(78,143)	$	(147,936)	$	(31,068)	$	(116,868)
Investment securities	(12,414)		(2,606)		(9,808)		14,378		3,020		11,358
Pension and other postretirement plans	13,151		2,762		10,389		10,100		2,121		7,979
OCI	737		156		581		24,478		5,141		19,337
AOCI (loss), end of period	$	(98,179)	$	(20,617)	$	(77,562)	$	(123,458)	$	(25,927)	$	(97,531)

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Note 12. Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments could potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk, including unsecured receivables from the Exchange. A large majority of our revenue and receivables are from the Exchange and its affiliates. See also Note 1, "Nature of Operations". Net management fee amounts and other reimbursements due from the Exchange and its affiliates were $503.4 million and $494.6 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which includes a current expected credit loss allowance of $0.6 million in both periods.

Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies

In 2020, we entered into an agreement with a bank for the establishment of a loan participation program for agent loans. The maximum amount of loans to be funded through this program is $100 million. We have committed to fund a minimum of 30% of each loan executed through this program. As of September 30, 2021, the total loans executed under this agreement totaled $25.8 million, of which our portion of the loans is $9.6 million. Additionally, we have agreed to guarantee a portion of the funding provided by the other participants in the program in the event of default. As of September 30, 2021, our maximum potential amount of future payments on the guaranteed portion is $3.0 million. All loan payments under the participation program are current as of September 30, 2021.

We are involved in litigation arising in the ordinary course of conducting business. In accordance with current accounting standards for loss contingencies and based upon information currently known to us, we establish reserves for litigation when it is probable that a loss associated with a claim or proceeding has been incurred and the amount of the loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. When no amount within the range of loss is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the minimum amount of the estimable loss. To the extent that such litigation against us may have an exposure to a loss in excess of the amount we have accrued, we believe that such excess would not be material to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Legal fees are expensed as incurred. We believe that our accruals for legal proceedings are appropriate and, individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to be material to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

We review all litigation on an ongoing basis when making accrual and disclosure decisions. For certain legal proceedings, we cannot reasonably estimate losses or a range of loss, if any, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of development or where the plaintiffs seek indeterminate damages. Various factors, including, but not limited to, the outcome of potentially lengthy discovery and the resolution of important factual questions, may need to be determined before probability can be established or before a loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. If the loss contingency in question is not both probable and reasonably estimable, we do not establish an accrual and the matter will continue to be monitored for any developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. In the event that a legal proceeding results in a substantial judgment against, or settlement by, us, there can be no assurance that any resulting liability or financial commitment would not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Note 14. Subsequent Events

No items were identified in this period subsequent to the financial statement date that required adjustment or additional disclosure.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of financial condition and results of operations highlights significant factors influencing Erie Indemnity Company ("Indemnity", "we", "us", "our"). This discussion should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements and the related notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and with Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for the year ended December 31, 2020, as contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021.

INDEX


			Page Number
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information			24


Operating Overview			25
Results of Operations			28




Financial Condition			34



Liquidity and Capital Resources			36

Critical Accounting Estimates			38

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

"Safe Harbor" Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:

Statements contained herein that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements and, as such, are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ, perhaps materially, from those discussed herein. Forward-looking statements relate to future trends, events or results and include, without limitation, statements and assumptions on which such statements are based that are related to our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions, and adequacy of resources. Examples of forward-looking statements are discussions relating to premium and investment income, expenses, operating results, and compliance with contractual and regulatory requirements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Among the risks and uncertainties, in addition to those set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, that could cause actual results and future events to differ from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements include the following:

•dependence upon our relationship with the Erie Insurance Exchange ("Exchange") and the management fee under the agreement with the subscribers at the Exchange;

•dependence upon our relationship with the Exchange and the growth of the Exchange, including:

◦general business and economic conditions;

◦factors affecting insurance industry competition;

◦dependence upon the independent agency system; and

◦ability to maintain our reputation for customer service;

•dependence upon our relationship with the Exchange and the financial condition of the Exchange, including:

◦the Exchange's ability to maintain acceptable financial strength ratings;

◦factors affecting the quality and liquidity of the Exchange's investment portfolio;

◦changes in government regulation of the insurance industry;

◦litigation and regulatory actions;

◦emerging claims and coverage issues in the industry; and

◦severe weather conditions or other catastrophic losses, including terrorism;

•potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the growth and financial condition of the Exchange;

•costs of providing policy issuance and renewal services to the Exchange under the subscriber's agreement;

•ability to attract and retain talented management and employees;

•ability to ensure system availability and effectively manage technology initiatives;

•difficulties with technology or data security breaches, including cyber attacks;

•ability to maintain uninterrupted business operations;

•outcome of pending and potential litigation;

•potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, the business operations of our customers and/or independent agents, or our third-party vendor operations;

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•factors affecting the quality and liquidity of our investment portfolio; and

•our ability to meet liquidity needs and access capital.

A forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and reflects our analysis only as of that date. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions, or otherwise.

OPERATING OVERVIEW

Overview

We serve as the attorney-in-fact for the subscribers (policyholders) at the Exchange, a reciprocal insurer that writes property and casualty insurance. Our primary function as attorney-in-fact is to perform policy issuance and renewal services on behalf of the subscribers at the Exchange. We also act as attorney-in-fact on behalf of the Exchange, as well as the service provider for its insurance subsidiaries, with respect to all administrative services.

The Exchange is a reciprocal insurance exchange, which is an unincorporated association of individuals, partnerships and corporations that agree to insure one another. Each applicant for insurance to the Exchange signs a subscriber's agreement, which contains an appointment of Indemnity as their attorney-in-fact to transact the business of the Exchange on their behalf. Pursuant to the subscriber’s agreement for acting as attorney-in-fact in these two capacities, we earn a management fee calculated as a percentage of the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange.

Our earnings are primarily driven by the management fee revenue generated for the services we provide to the Exchange. The policy issuance and renewal services we provide to the Exchange are related to the sales, underwriting and issuance of policies. The sales related services we provide include agent compensation and certain sales and advertising support services. Agent compensation includes scheduled commissions to agents based upon premiums written as well as additional commissions and bonuses to agents, which are earned by achieving targeted measures. Agent compensation generally comprises approximately two-thirds of our policy issuance and renewal expenses. The underwriting services we provide include underwriting and policy processing. The remaining services we provide include customer service and administrative support. We also provide information technology services that support all the functions listed above. Included in these expenses are allocations of costs for departments that support these policy issuance and renewal functions.

Our results of operations are tied to the growth and financial condition of the Exchange as the Exchange is our sole customer, and our earnings are largely generated from management fees based on the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange. The Exchange generates revenue by insuring preferred and standard risks, with personal lines comprising 71% of the 2020 direct and affiliated assumed written premiums and commercial lines comprising the remaining 29%. The principal personal lines products are private passenger automobile and homeowners. The principal commercial lines products are commercial multi-peril, commercial automobile and workers compensation.

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Coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic

In March 2020, the outbreak of the coronavirus ("COVID-19") was declared a global pandemic. The uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve and the pandemic’s ultimate impact and duration remain uncertain at this time.

The impact the COVID-19 pandemic has on the premiums written by the Exchange, our sole customer, affects our management fee revenue. The uncertainty of the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will likely continue until such time as the spread of the virus is contained. In response to reduced driving conditions in 2020 resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Exchange implemented $200 million in personal and commercial auto rate reductions on policies written between July 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, these rate reductions resulted in a decrease to Exchange's written premiums of approximately $110 million and a corresponding decrease in our management fee revenue of approximately $28 million. There may also be other market and/or regulatory pressures that could impact the Exchange’s operations. While financial markets remained generally strong in the first nine months of 2021, we could experience future losses and/or impairments to the portfolio if future development of the pandemic impacts market conditions. Additionally, we continued to incur increased agent incentive costs as claim frequency, while increasing in 2021, remains lower than pre-pandemic levels resulting in improved agent profitability the first nine months of 2021. We have provided additional disclosure of these impacted areas throughout our Management’s Discussion and Analysis that follows. A broader discussion of the potential future impacts has also been disclosed in Financial Condition and Liquidity and Capital Resources contained within this report, as well as Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" related to COVID-19 as included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021.

We have a dedicated internal committee comprised of management from various finance disciplines reviewing our risk positions and emerging trends on an ongoing basis as circumstances are evolving. The committee is reviewing risk scenarios and performing stress tests, including the review of cash flow trends, liquidity requirements and other forms of risk quantification. This provides tools for management, as well as our Risk Committee of the Board of Directors, to assess risks and prioritize key issues.

While we were not required to close our physical locations under the state mandated closure of nonessential services, out of concern for the health and safety of our employees, over 90% of our workforce has been working remote since March 2020. We have had no significant interruption to our core business processes or systems to date. We have had no significant changes to our financial close or reporting processes or related internal controls, nor do we anticipate any significant future challenges at this time. We have a dedicated team responsible for the development and implementation of a return to office plan. We began returning some employees to our offices in July 2021, but paused as a result of the national increase in infections. We plan to resume returning employees to our offices in phases when we consider it appropriate.

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Financial Overview


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		% Change		2021		2020		% Change
	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)


Operating income	$	95,103	$	96,225	(1.2)	%	$	256,263	$	273,105	(6.2)	%
Total investment income	20,598		16,438		25.3		55,004		18,796		NM
Interest expense, net	1,034		3		NM		3,082		8		NM
Other expense	541		964		(43.7)		1,608		1,588		1.3
Income before income taxes	114,126		111,696		2.2		306,577		290,305		5.6
Income tax expense	23,903		22,480		6.3		63,759		59,786		6.6
Net income	$	90,223	$	89,216	1.1	%	$	242,818	$	230,519	5.3	%
Net income per share – diluted	$	1.72	$	1.71	1.1	%	$	4.64	$	4.41	5.3	%

NM = not meaningful

Operating income decreased in both the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020, as growth in operating expenses outpaced the growth in operating revenues. Management fee revenue for policy issuance and renewal services increased 4.2% to $504.9 million in the third quarter of 2021 and 3.6% to $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Management fee revenue is based upon the management fee rate we charge, and the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange. The management fee rate was 25% for both 2021 and 2020. The direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange increased 3.8% to $2.1 billion in the third quarter of 2021 and increased 3.0% to $6.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same periods in 2020.

Cost of operations for policy issuance and renewal services increased 5.1% to $430.3 million and 5.5% to $1.3 billion in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020, due to higher commissions driven by direct and affiliated assumed written premium growth, technology investments and personnel costs.

Management fee revenue for administrative services decreased 2.9% to $14.5 million and 1.1% to $44.0 million in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020. The administrative services reimbursement revenue and corresponding cost of operations increased both total operating revenue and total operating expenses by $162.4 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $473.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, but had no net impact on operating income.

Total investment income increased $4.2 million and $36.2 million in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020. The results from both periods were primarily due to increases in net investment income which were driven by favorable results in our limited partnership portfolio.

General Conditions and Trends Affecting Our Business

Economic conditions

Unfavorable changes in economic conditions, including declining consumer confidence, inflation, high unemployment, and the threat of recession, among others, may lead the Exchange’s customers to modify coverage, not renew policies, or even cancel policies, which could adversely affect the premium revenue of the Exchange, and consequently our management fee. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, the extent and duration of the impacts to economic conditions remain uncertain. See Financial Condition and Liquidity and Capital Resources contained within this report, as well as Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" related to COVID-19 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021 for a discussion of the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations.

Financial market volatility

Our portfolio of fixed maturity and equity security investments is subject to market volatility especially in periods of instability in the worldwide financial markets. Over time, net investment income could also be impacted by volatility and by the general level of interest rates, which impact reinvested cash flow from the portfolio and business operations. Depending upon market conditions, which are unpredictable and remain uncertain, considerable fluctuation could exist in the fair value of our investment portfolio and reported total investment income, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Significant volatility was seen in the global financial markets at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic related events may create future volatility. The extent of the impact on our invested assets cannot be estimated with a high degree of certainty at this time given the ongoing developments of this pandemic and the related impacts on the financial markets.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management fee revenue

We have two performance obligations in the subscriber’s agreement, providing policy issuance and renewal services and acting as attorney-in-fact for the Exchange, as well as the service provider for its insurance subsidiaries, with respect to all administrative services. We earn management fees for acting as the attorney-in-fact for the subscribers at the Exchange in these two capacities, and allocate our revenues between our performance obligations.

The management fee is calculated by multiplying all direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange by the management fee rate, which is determined by our Board of Directors at least annually. The management fee rate was set at 25%, the maximum rate, for both 2021 and 2020. Changes in the management fee rate can affect our revenue and net income significantly. The transaction price, including management fee revenue and administrative service reimbursement revenue, includes variable consideration and is allocated based on the estimated standalone selling prices developed using industry information and other available information for similar services. We update the transaction price and the related allocation at least annually based upon the most recent information available or more frequently if there have been significant changes in any components considered in the transaction price. Our current transaction price allocation review resulted in a minor change in the allocation percentages between the two performance obligations. The change in allocation will not have a material impact on our financial statements.

The following table presents the allocation and disaggregation of revenue for our two performance obligations:


	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021			2020			% Change		2021			2020			% Change
	(Unaudited)								(Unaudited)
Policy issuance and renewal services
Direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange	$	2,075,745		$	1,999,074		3.8	%	$	6,024,484		$	5,849,505		3.0	%
Management fee rate	24.3		%	24.2		%			24.3		%	24.2		%
Management fee revenue	504,406			483,776			4.3		1,463,950			1,415,580			3.4
Change in estimate for management fee returned on cancelled policies (1)	485			775			(37.2)		(1,070)			(3,484)			69.3
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services	$	504,891		$	484,551		4.2	%	$	1,462,880		$	1,412,096		3.6	%

Administrative services
Direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange	$	2,075,745		$	1,999,074		3.8	%	$	6,024,484		$	5,849,505		3.0	%
Management fee rate	0.7		%	0.8		%			0.7		%	0.8		%
Management fee revenue	14,530			15,993			(9.1)		42,171			46,796			(9.9)
Change in contract liability (2)	(67)			(1,064)			93.6		1,808			(2,247)			NM
Change in estimate for management fee returned on cancelled policies (1)	8			(19)			NM		6			(55)			NM

Management fee revenue - administrative services	14,471			14,910			(2.9)		43,985			44,494			(1.1)
Administrative services reimbursement revenue	162,410			147,710			10.0		473,133			451,229			4.9
Total revenue from administrative services	$	176,881		$	162,620		8.8	%	$	517,118		$	495,723		4.3	%

NM = not meaningful

(1)A constraining estimate of variable consideration exists related to the potential for management fees to be returned if a policy were to be cancelled mid-term. Management fees are returned to the Exchange when policies are cancelled mid-term and unearned premiums are refunded.

(2)Management fee revenue - administrative services is recognized over time as the services are provided. See Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 3, Revenue, of Notes to Financial Statements" contained within this report.

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Direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange

Direct and affiliated assumed premiums include premiums written directly by the Exchange and premiums assumed from its wholly owned property and casualty subsidiaries. Direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange increased 3.8% to $2.1 billion in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020, primarily driven by increases in homeowners and commercial multi-peril premiums written. Year-over-year policies in force for all lines of business increased 3.2% in the third quarter of 2021 compared to 1.7% in the third quarter of 2020. The year-over-year average premium per policy for all lines of business decreased 0.7% at September 30, 2021 compared to an increase of 0.8% at September 30, 2020. The year-over-year average premium per policy at September 30, 2021 was impacted by the rate reductions for our personal and commercial auto policies written between July 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021, in response to lower driving activity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Premiums generated from new business decreased 2.4% to $239 million in the third quarter of 2021. While year-over-year average premium per policy on new business increased 2.0% at September 30, 2021, new business policies written decreased 8.9% in the third quarter of 2021. Premiums generated from new business increased 10.4% to $244 million in the third quarter of 2020. While year-over-year average premium per policy on new business decreased 4.6% at September 30, 2020, new business policies written increased 19.7% in the third quarter of 2020. Premiums generated from renewal business increased 4.7% to $1.8 billion in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020. Underlying the trend in renewal business premiums was steady policy retention ratios, partially offset by a 1.0% decrease in year-over-year average premium per policy at September 30, 2021, compared to an increase of 1.5% at September 30, 2020.

Personal lines – Total personal lines premiums written increased 2.6% to $1.5 billion in the third quarter of 2021, compared to 1.8% in the third quarter of 2020. While total personal lines year-over-year average premium per policy decreased 1.5% at September 30, 2021, total personal lines policies in force increased 3.1% in the third quarter of 2021.

Commercial lines – Total commercial lines premiums written increased 7.2% to $582 million in the third quarter of 2021, compared to 2.5% in the third quarter of 2020, driven by a 3.7% increase in total commercial lines policies in force and a 0.9% increase in total commercial lines year-over-year average premium per policy.

Future trends-premium revenue – Through a careful agency selection process, the Exchange plans to continue its effort to expand the size of its agency force to increase market penetration in existing operating territories to contribute to future growth.

Changes in premium levels attributable to the growth in policies in force and rate changes directly affect the profitability of the Exchange and have a direct bearing on our management fee. Future premiums could be impacted by changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including potential regulatory changes and inflationary trends, among others. Longer-term, increased driving activity may result in future rate increases due to higher claims frequencies and severity. See also Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" related to COVID-19 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021.

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Policy issuance and renewal services


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		% Change		2021		2020		% Change
	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services	$	504,891	$	484,551	4.2	%	$	1,462,880	$	1,412,096	3.6	%
Service agreement revenue	6,067		6,310		(3.9)		18,048		19,418		(7.1)
	510,958		490,861		4.1		1,480,928		1,431,514		3.5
Cost of policy issuance and renewal services	430,326		409,546		5.1		1,268,650		1,202,903		5.5
Operating income - policy issuance and renewal services	$	80,632	$	81,315	(0.8)	%	$	212,278	$	228,611	(7.1)	%

Policy issuance and renewal services

The management fee revenue allocated for providing policy issuance and renewal services was 24.3% and 24.2% of the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This portion of the management fee is recognized as revenue when the policy is issued or renewed because it is at that time that the services we provide are substantially complete and the executed insurance policy is transferred to the customer. The increase in management fee revenue for policy issuance and renewal services was driven by the increase in the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange discussed previously.

Service agreement revenue

Service agreement revenue includes service charges we collect from subscribers/policyholders for providing extended payment terms on policies written and assumed by the Exchange, and late payment and policy reinstatement fees. The service charges are fixed dollar amounts per billed installment. The decrease in service agreement revenue reflects the continued shift to payment plans that do not incur service charges or offer a premium discount for certain payment methods.

Cost of policy issuance and renewal services


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		% Change		2021		2020		% Change
	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
Commissions:
Total commissions	$	288,046	$	273,184	5.4	%	$	842,647	$	803,658	4.9	%
Non-commission expense:
Underwriting and policy processing	$	40,731	$	40,674	0.1	%	$	124,500	$	121,917	2.1	%
Information technology	46,693		42,940		8.7		139,174		128,253		8.5
Sales and advertising	13,422		12,111		10.8		38,955		39,356		(1.0)
Customer service	8,980		8,650		3.8		26,909		25,860		4.1
Administrative and other	32,454		31,987		1.5		96,465		83,859		15.0
Total non-commission expense	142,280		136,362		4.3		426,003		399,245		6.7
Total cost of policy issuance and renewal services	$	430,326	$	409,546	5.1	%	$	1,268,650	$	1,202,903	5.5	%

Commissions – Commissions increased $14.9 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $39.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same periods in 2020, primarily driven by the growth in direct and affiliated assumed written premium, primarily in lines of business that pay a higher commission rate. To a lesser extent, there was also an increase in agent incentive compensation for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the third quarter and nine months ending September 30, 2020. The estimated agent incentive payouts at September 30, 2021 are based on actual underwriting results for the two prior years and current year-to-date actual results and forecasted results for the remainder of 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, lower claims frequency and related loss expense due to the COVID-19 pandemic impacted agent compensation related to the profitability component.

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Non-commission expense – Non-commission expense increased $5.9 million in the third quarter of 2021 compared to the third quarter of 2020. Information technology costs increased $3.8 million primarily due to increased hardware and software costs as well as increased personnel costs. Sales and advertising increased $1.3 million primarily due to personnel costs. Administrative and other costs increased $0.5 million primarily driven by increased building and equipment depreciation compared to the same period in 2020. Personnel costs in all expense categories for the third quarter of 2021 were impacted by higher medical costs compared to the prior year as the COVID-19 pandemic reduced elective procedures in 2020 and higher incentive plan award accruals due to increased direct written premium growth.

Non-commission expense increased $26.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Underwriting and policy processing expense increased $2.6 million primarily due to increased personnel costs and underwriting report costs. Information technology costs increased $10.9 million primarily due to increased hardware and software costs and personnel costs. Administrative and other costs increased $12.6 million primarily driven by increased building and equipment depreciation, professional fees and personnel costs compared to the same period in 2020. Personnel costs in all expense categories were impacted by higher medical costs compared to the prior year as the COVID-19 pandemic reduced elective procedures in 2020 and higher incentive plan award accruals due to increased direct written premium growth.

Administrative services


	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		% Change		2021		2020		% Change
	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
Management fee revenue - administrative services	$	14,471	$	14,910	(2.9)	%	$	43,985	$	44,494	(1.1)	%
Administrative services reimbursement revenue	162,410		147,710		10.0		473,133		451,229		4.9
Total revenue allocated to administrative services	176,881		162,620		8.8		517,118		495,723		4.3
Administrative services expenses
Claims handling services	140,100		127,055		10.3		407,762		390,832		4.3
Investment management services	9,884		9,373		5.4		29,287		26,783		9.3
Life management services	12,426		11,282		10.1		36,084		33,614		7.3
Operating income - administrative services	$	14,471	$	14,910	(2.9)	%	$	43,985	$	44,494	(1.1)	%

Administrative services

The management fee revenue allocated to administrative services was 0.7% and 0.8% of the direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This portion of the management fee is recognized as revenue over a four-year period representing the time over which the services are provided. We also report reimbursed costs as revenues, which are recognized monthly as services are provided. The administrative services expenses we incur and the related reimbursements we receive are recorded gross in the Statements of Operations.

Cost of administrative services

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Total investment income

A summary of the results of our investment operations is as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		% Change		2021		2020		% Change
	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
Net investment income	$	18,858	$	10,645	77.2	%	$	49,605	$	20,353	NM
Net realized investment gains	1,610		5,915		(72.8)	%	5,183		1,635		NM
Net impairment recoveries (losses) recognized in earnings	130		(122)		NM		216		(3,192)		NM

Total investment income	$	20,598	$	16,438	25.3	%	$	55,004	$	18,796	NM

NM = not meaningful

Net investment income

Net investment income includes interest and dividends on our fixed maturity and equity security portfolios and the results of our limited partnership investments, net of investment expenses. Net investment income increased $8.2 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $29.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020. The results from both periods were primarily due to equity in earnings of limited partnerships of $11.5 million and $26.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, compared to equity in earnings of limited partnerships of $3.6 million and equity in losses of limited partnerships $2.4 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2020. We have made no new limited partnership commitments since 2006, and the balance of limited partnership investments is expected to decline over time as additional distributions are received.

Net realized investment gains (losses)

A breakdown of our net realized investment gains (losses) is as follows:



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Securities sold:	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Available-for-sale securities	$	2,189	$	137	$	4,069	$	1,107
Equity securities	(267)		1,796		5		(1,009)

Equity securities change in fair value	(312)		3,981		1,108		1,534
Miscellaneous	0		1		1		3
Net realized investment gains	$	1,610	$	5,915	$	5,183	$	1,635

Net realized gains during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily due to disposals of available-for-sale securities. Net realized gains during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily due to market value adjustments on equity securities.

Net impairment recoveries (losses) recognized in earnings

Net impairment recoveries during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily a result of the change in the current expected credit loss allowance related to our agent loans. Net impairment losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on financial markets on our available-for-sale securities.

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Financial condition of Erie Insurance Exchange

Serving in the capacity of attorney-in-fact for the Exchange, we are dependent on the growth and financial condition of the Exchange, who is our sole customer. The strength of the Exchange and its wholly owned subsidiaries is rated annually by A.M. Best Company through assessing its financial stability and ability to pay claims. The ratings are generally based upon factors relevant to policyholders and are not directed toward return to investors. The Exchange and each of its property and casualty subsidiaries are rated A+ "Superior", the second highest financial strength rating, which is assigned to companies that have achieved superior overall performance when compared to the standards established by A.M. Best and have a superior ability to meet obligations to policyholders over the long term. On July 27, 2021, the outlook for the financial strength rating was affirmed as stable. As of December 31, 2020, only approximately 12% of insurance groups, in which the Exchange is included, are rated A+ or higher.

The financial statements of the Exchange are prepared in accordance with statutory accounting principles prescribed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Financial statements prepared under statutory accounting principles focus on the solvency of the insurer and generally provide a more conservative approach than under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Statutory direct written premiums of the Exchange and its wholly owned property and casualty subsidiaries grew 3.0% to $6.0 billion in the first nine months of 2021 compared to the first nine months of 2020. These premiums, along with investment income, are the major sources of cash that support the operations of the Exchange. Policyholders’ surplus determined under statutory accounting principles was $11.7 billion at September 30, 2021, $10.7 billion at December 31, 2020, and $10.0 billion at September 30, 2020. The Exchange and its wholly owned property and casualty subsidiaries' year-over-year policy retention ratio continues to be high at 90.0% at September 30, 2021 and 89.9% at both December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2020.

We have prepared our financial statements considering the financial strength of the Exchange based on its A.M. Best rating and strong level of surplus. We are monitoring risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic on an ongoing basis and believe that the Exchange falls within defined risk tolerances. However, see Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" related to COVID-19 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021 for possible outcomes that could impact that determination.

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FINANCIAL CONDITION

Investments

Our investment portfolio is managed with the objective of maximizing after-tax returns on a risk-adjusted basis. The following table presents the carrying value of our investments as of:




(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		% to total		December 31, 2020		% to total
	(Unaudited)
Fixed maturities	$	937,504	83	%	$	928,236	84	%
Equity securities:
Preferred stock	86,270		8		94,071		9
Common stock	10		0		19		0

Agent loans (1)	67,789		6		69,212		6
Other investments	40,009		3		14,325		1
Total investments	$	1,131,582	100	%	$	1,105,863	100	%

(1)The current portion of agent loans is included with prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Statements of Financial Position.

Fixed maturities

Under our investment strategy, we maintain a fixed maturity portfolio that is of high quality and well diversified within each market sector. This investment strategy also achieves a balanced maturity schedule. Our fixed maturity portfolio is managed with the goal of achieving reasonable returns while limiting exposure to risk.

Fixed maturities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of deferred taxes, included in shareholders’ equity. Net unrealized gains on fixed maturities, net of deferred taxes, totaled $13.5 million at September 30, 2021, compared to net unrealized gains of $23.3 million at December 31, 2020.

The following table presents a breakdown of the fair value of our fixed maturity portfolio by industry sector and rating as of:




(in thousands)	September 30, 2021 (1)
	AAA		AA		A		BBB		Non- investment grade		Fair value
	(Unaudited)
Basic materials	$	0	$	0	$	3,206	$	0	$	8,930	$	12,136
Communications	0		8,742		8,456		17,550		18,715		53,463
Consumer	0		3,180		20,079		69,040		42,643		134,942
Diversified	0		0		0		1,033		1,004		2,037
Energy	0		4,160		7,835		18,554		11,863		42,412
Financial	0		1,015		67,054		113,215		16,850		198,134





Industrial	0		0		10,009		16,435		24,128		50,572
Structured securities (2)	151,952		164,822		30,168		16,846		0		363,788
Technology	5,213		0		7,814		22,137		13,317		48,481
U.S. Treasury	0		5,749		0		0		0		5,749
Utilities	0		0		3,800		17,045		4,945		25,790
Total	$	157,165	$	187,668	$	158,421	$	291,855	$	142,395	$	937,504

(1)Ratings are supplied by S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch. The table is based upon the lowest rating for each security.

(2)Structured securities include residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, collateralized debt obligations, and asset-backed securities.

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Equity securities

Equity securities consist of nonredeemable preferred and common stock and are carried at fair value in the Statements of Financial Position with all changes in unrealized gains and losses reflected in the Statements of Operations.

The following table presents an analysis of the fair value of our nonredeemable preferred and common stock securities by sector as of:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Preferred stock		Common stock		Preferred stock		Common stock
	(Unaudited)

Communications	$	1,013	$	0	$	2,699	$	0
Consumer	2,218		0		3,068		0

Energy	5,306		10		2,187		19
Financial services	70,432		0		76,575		0


Industrial	255		0		800		0

Utilities	7,046		0		8,742		0
Total	$	86,270	$	10	$	94,071	$	19

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We continue to monitor the sufficiency of our liquidity and capital resources given the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We did not see a significant impact on our sources or uses of cash in the first nine months of 2021. However, we may experience future reductions in our management fee revenue if the Exchange’s premium growth is constrained. Also, future disruptions in the markets could occur which may affect our liquidity position. If our normal operating and investing cash activities were to become insufficient to meet future funding requirements, we believe we have sufficient access to liquidity through our cash position, liquid marketable securities and our $100 million line of credit that does not expire until October 2023. See broader discussions of potential risks to our operations in the Operating Overview contained within this report and Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" related to COVID-19 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Liquidity is a measure of a company’s ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the short- and long-term cash requirements of its business operations and growth needs. Our liquidity requirements have been met primarily by funds generated from management fee revenue and income from investments. Cash provided from these sources is used primarily to fund the costs of our management operations including commissions, salaries and wages, pension plans, share repurchases, dividends to shareholders, and the purchase and development of information technology. We expect that our operating cash needs will be met by funds generated from operations.

Volatility in the financial markets presents challenges to us as we do occasionally access our investment portfolio as a source of cash. Some of our fixed income investments, despite being publicly traded, may be illiquid. Volatility in these markets could impair our ability to sell certain fixed income securities or cause such securities to sell at deep discounts. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to meet our needs from sources other than the liquidation of securities, even if market volatility persists throughout 2021 and beyond.

Cash flow activities

The following table provides condensed cash flow information for the nine months ended September 30:


(in thousands)	2021		2020
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	264,038	$	234,478
Net cash used in investing activities	(43,158)		(218,571)
Net cash used in financing activities	(146,124)		(136,291)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	74,756	$	(120,384)

Net cash provided by operating activities was $264.0 million in the first nine months of 2021, compared to $234.5 million in the first nine months of 2020. Increased cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of 2021 was primarily due to an increase in management fees received driven by growth in direct and affiliated assumed premiums written by the Exchange of $62.3 million and an increase in administrative service reimbursements received of $39.3 million. Partially offsetting the increase in cash provided by operating activities was an increase in cash paid for agent commissions of $30.0 million, due to higher scheduled commission driven by premium growth, an increase in agent bonuses of $15.5 million and increases in administrative services expenses paid of $31.0 million, in the first nine months of 2021 compared to the same period in 2020.

Net cash used in investing activities was $43.2 million in the first nine months of 2021, compared to $218.6 million in the same period in 2020. In the first nine months of 2021, net cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by fixed asset purchases, as purchases of investments were offset by proceeds from sales and maturities/calls of investments. Net cash used in investing activities in the first nine months of 2020 was primarily due to purchases of available-for-sale securities exceeding the proceeds generated from investment sales and maturities/calls of available-for-sale securities.

Net cash used in financing activities totaled $146.1 million in the first nine months of 2021, compared to $136.3 million in the first nine months of 2020. The increase in cash used in the first nine months of 2021, compared to the same period in 2020, was due to dividends paid to shareholders. We increased both our Class A and Class B shareholder regular quarterly dividends by 7.3% for 2021, compared to 2020. There are no regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends to our shareholders.

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There were no repurchases of our Class A nonvoting common stock in the first nine months of 2021 and 2020 in conjunction with our stock repurchase program. In 2011, our Board of Directors approved a continuation of the current stock repurchase program of $150 million with no time limitation. This repurchase authority includes, and is not in addition to, any unspent amounts remaining under the prior authorization. We had approximately $17.8 million of repurchase authority remaining under this program at September 30, 2021, based upon trade date.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we purchased 25,065 shares of our outstanding Class A nonvoting common stock outside of our publicly announced share repurchase program at a total cost of $5.0 million. Of this amount, we purchased 978 shares for $0.2 million, or $242.01 per share, for stock-based awards in conjunction with our equity compensation plan. We purchased 3,939 shares for $0.8 million, or $212.69 per share, to fund the rabbi trust for the outside director deferred stock compensation plan. The remaining 20,148 shares were purchased at a total cost of $4.0 million, or $196.25 per share, to fund the rabbi trust for the incentive compensation deferral plan. All shares were delivered as of September 30, 2021.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we purchased 28,155 shares of our outstanding Class A nonvoting common stock outside of our publicly announced share repurchase program at a total cost of $5.0 million. Of this amount, we purchased 1,787 shares for $0.3 million, or $165.82 per share, for stock-based awards in conjunction with our equity compensation plan. We purchased 4,785 shares for $0.9 million, or $178.98 per share, to fund the rabbi trust for the outside director deferred stock compensation plan. The remaining 21,583 shares were purchased at a total cost of $3.8 million, or $178.62 per share, to fund the rabbi trust for the incentive compensation deferral plan. All shares were delivered as of September 30, 2020.

Capital Outlook

We regularly prepare forecasts evaluating the current and future cash requirements for both normal and extreme risk events, including the current COVID-19 pandemic. Should an extreme risk event result in a cash requirement exceeding normal cash flows, we have the ability to meet our future funding requirements through various alternatives available to us.

Outside of our normal operating and investing cash activities, future funding requirements could be met through: 1) cash and cash equivalents, which total approximately $236.0 million at September 30, 2021, 2) a $100 million bank revolving line of credit, and 3) liquidation of unpledged assets held in our investment portfolio, including preferred stock and investment grade bonds, which totaled approximately $644.2 million at September 30, 2021. Volatility in the financial markets could impair our ability to sell certain fixed income securities or cause such securities to sell at deep discounts. Additionally, we have the ability to curtail or modify discretionary cash outlays such as those related to shareholder dividends and share repurchase activities.

As of September 30, 2021, we have access to a $100 million bank revolving line of credit with a $25 million letter of credit sublimit that expires on October 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2021, a total of $99.1 million remains available under the facility due to $0.9 million outstanding letters of credit, which reduce the availability for letters of credit to $24.1 million. We had no borrowings outstanding on our line of credit as of September 30, 2021. Investments with a fair value of $122.6 million were pledged as collateral on the line at September 30, 2021. The investments pledged as collateral have no trading restrictions and are reported as available-for-sale securities and cash and cash equivalents in the Statements of Financial Position. The banks require compliance with certain covenants, which include leverage ratios and debt restrictions. We were in compliance with our bank covenants at September 30, 2021.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

Off-balance sheet arrangements include those with unconsolidated entities that may have a material current or future effect on our financial condition or results of operations, including material variable interests in unconsolidated entities that conduct certain activities. We have no material off-balance sheet obligations. As of September 30, 2021, there were no material changes to our future contractual obligations as previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

We make estimates and assumptions that have a significant effect on the amounts and disclosures reported in the financial statements. The most significant estimates relate to investment valuation and retirement benefit plans for employees. While management believes its estimates are appropriate, the ultimate amounts may differ from estimates provided. Our most critical accounting estimates are described in Item 7. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for the year ended December 31, 2020 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021. See Part I, Item 1. "Financial Statements - Note 5, Fair Value, of Notes to Financial Statements" contained within this report for additional information on our valuation of investments.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our exposure to market risk is primarily related to fluctuations in prices and interest rates. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk resulting from changes in prices, interest rates, and other risk exposures for the year ended December 31, 2020 are included in Item 7A. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk", of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021.

Significant volatility was seen in the global financial markets at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic related events may create future volatility; however, there have been no material changes that impact our portfolio or reshape our periodic investment reviews of asset allocations during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For a recent discussion of conditions surrounding our investment portfolio, see the "Operating Overview", "Results of Operations", and "Financial Condition" discussions contained in Part I, Item 2. "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained within this report.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We carried out an evaluation, with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Our management evaluated, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, any change in our internal control over financial reporting and determined there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Erie Indemnity Company (“Indemnity”) was named as a defendant in a complaint filed on August 24, 2021, by alleged subscribers of the Erie Insurance Exchange (the “Exchange”) in the Court of Common Pleas Civil Division of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania captioned TROY STEPHENSON, CHRISTINA STEPHENSON, SUSAN RUBEL, and STEVEN BARNETT, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated (Plaintiffs) v. Erie Indemnity Company (Defendant).

The complaint seeks relief for alleged breaches of fiduciary duty by Indemnity in connection with the setting of the management fee it receives, pursuant to the terms of the Subscribers Agreement executed between Indemnity and all policyholders of the Exchange, as compensation for acting as the attorney-in-fact in the management of the Exchange. The relief sought is for the period beginning two years prior to the date of the filing of the complaint and continuing through 2021.

The complaint seeks (i) a finding that Indemnity has breached its fiduciary duties; (ii) an award of damages in an amount to be determined at trial; and (iii) such other relief, including disgorgement of profits or other injunctive relief, that the Court deems just and proper.

Service of the complaint was effectuated on September 20, 2021. A Notice of Removal to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania was filed on October 20, 2021. Indemnity intends to vigorously defend against all of the allegations and requests for relief in the complaint.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In 2011, our Board of Directors approved a continuation of the current stock repurchase program, authorizing repurchases for a total of $150 million with no time limitation. This repurchase authority included, and was not in addition to, any unspent amounts remaining under the prior authorization. There were no repurchases of our Class A common stock under this program during the nine months ending September 30, 2021. We had approximately $17.8 million of repurchase authority remaining under this program at September 30, 2021.

During the quarter ending September 30, 2021, we purchased 1,507 shares of our outstanding Class A nonvoting common stock outside of our publicly announced share repurchase program at a total cost of $0.3 million. We purchased 171 shares for $0.1 million, or $184.70 per share, in August 2021 to fund the rabbi trust for the incentive compensation deferral plan. The shares were transferred to the rabbi trust in August 2021. The remaining 1,336 shares were purchased in August 2021 at a total cost of $0.2 million, or $184.70 per share, to fund the rabbi trust for the outside director deferred stock compensation plan. The shares were transferred to the rabbi trust in August 2021.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit
Number						Description of Exhibit

10.1*						Eleventh Amendment to Erie Insurance Group Retirement Plan for Employees (As Amended and Restated Effective December 31, 2014), dated July 7, 2021.

10.2*						Eighth Amendment to Erie Insurance Group Employee Savings Plan (As Amended and Restated Effective January 01, 2015), dated July 15, 2021.

10.3*						Agreement of Lease between Erie Insurance Exchange and Erie Indemnity Company for the Erie Insurance Home Office Campus, dated July 1, 2021.

31.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32*						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS*						Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE*						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104*						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Erie Indemnity Company

(Registrant)

Date:

October 28, 2021

By:

/s/ Timothy G. NeCastro

Timothy G. NeCastro, President & CEO

By:

/s/ Gregory J. Gutting

Gregory J. Gutting, Executive Vice President & CFO