ESP Resources, Inc. - Annual Report: 2008 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from [ ] to [ ]
Commission file number 000-52506
ESP RESOURCES, INC.
(Name
of small business issuer in its charter)
Nevada | 98-0440762 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1255 Lions Club Road, Scott, LA | 70583 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Issuers telephone number (337) 706-7056
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the issuer was required to file such reports), and (2)has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [ x ] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ x ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer. | [ ] | Accelerated filer. | [ ] |
Non-accelerated filer. | [ ] | Smaller reporting company. | [ X ] |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [ ] No [ X ]
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2008: $19,933,045.
Number of the issuers Common Stock outstanding as of April 3, 2009: 22,859,689
Documents incorporated by reference: None
Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format (Check One): Yes [ ] No [ X ]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
This annual report contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined under applicable securities laws. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as may, should, expects, plans, anticipates, believes, estimates, predicts, potential or continue or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks in the section entitled Risk Factors, that may cause our companys or our industrys actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.
Our financial statements are stated in United States dollars (US$) and are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles.
In this annual report, unless otherwise specified, all references to common shares refer to the common shares of our capital stock.
As used in this annual report, the terms we, us and our mean ESP Resources, Inc., unless otherwise indicated.
Corporate History
We were incorporated on October 27, 2004, in the State of Nevada. Our principal offices are located at 1255 Lions Club Road, Scott, LA 70583.
Effective September 28, 2007, we completed a merger with our subsidiary, Pantera Petroleum Inc., a Nevada corporation. As a result, we changed our name from Arthro Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to Pantera Petroleum Inc. We changed the name of our company to better reflect the direction and business of our company.
In addition, effective September 28, 2007, we effected a sixteen (16) for one (1) forward stock split of our authorized, issued and outstanding common stock. As a result, our authorized capital increased from 75,000,000 common shares to 1,200,000,000 common shares - with the same par value of $0.001. At that time, our issued and outstanding share capital increased from 6,970,909 common shares to 111,534,544 common shares. The name change and forward stock split became effective with the OTC Bulletin Board at the opening for trading on September 28, 2007 under the new stock symbol PTPE.
In December 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with ESP Resources, Inc., a Delaware corporation (ESP Delaware), whereby the Company acquired 100% ownership of ESP Delaware in exchange for 292,682,297 common shares. As a result of this acquisition, we changed our name from Pantera Petroleum, Inc. to ESP Resources, Inc. On January 27, 2009, subsequent to the date of this report, we effected a one (1) for twenty (20) reverse stock split of our common stock and received a new ticker symbol. The name change and reverse stock split became effective with the OTC Bulletin Board at the opening of trading on January 27, 2009 under the new symbol ESPI. Our new CUSIP number is 26913L104. We plan to file an 8K/A shortly with a more in-depth description of our combined company.
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Business
We are an exploration stage company engaged in the acquisition of prospective oil and gas properties, and through our wholly owned subsidiary, ESP Petrochemicals, Inc. (ESPPI), we are a custom formulator of specialty chemicals for the energy industry.
ESP Petrochemicals, Inc.
Through our wholly owned subsidiary, ESP Petrochemicals Inc., we are a custom formulator of specialty chemicals for the energy industry. ESPPIs more specific mission is to provide applications of surface chemistry to service all facets of the fossil energy business via a high level of innovation. ESPPI is focusing its efforts on solving problems in a highly complex integration of processes to achieve the highest level of quality petroleum output. Listening to its customers with their changing demands and applying its skills as chemical formulators enables ESPPI to measure its success in this endeavor.
ESPPI acts as manufacturer, distributor and marketer of specialty chemicals. ESPPI supplies specialty chemicals for a variety of oil field applications including separating suspended water and other contaminants from crude oil, pumping enhancement, and cleaning, as well as a variety of fluids and additives used in the drilling and production process. At each drilling site or well that is in production, there exist a number of factors that make each site unique. These include the depth of the producing formation, the bottom-hole temperature of the producing well, the size of the well head through which the producing fluids flow, the size and pressure ratings of the production equipment, including the separators, heater-treaters, compression equipment, size of production tubulars in the wellbore, size of the storage tanks on the customers location, and pressure ratings of the sales lines for the oil and gas products. Wells that are operating short distances from each other in the same field can have very different characteristics. This variance in operating conditions, chemical makeup of the oil, and the usage of diverse equipment requires a very specific chemical blend to be used if maximum drilling and production well performance is to be attained.
ESPPI's goal is first, to solve the customers problem at the well and optimize drilling or production, and secondly, the sale of product. Typically, the ESPPI team may gather information at a well site and enter this data into the analytical system at the companys labs in Lafayette, Louisiana. The system provides testing parameters and reproduces conditions at the wellhead. This allows the ESPPI chemist to design and test a new chemical blend in a very short time. In many cases, a new blend may be in service at the well in as little as 24 hours.
Oil and Gas Exploration
Chaco Basin Concessions: Share Purchase Agreement
Following the change in our business in late 2007, we conducted due diligence on potential acquisitions of suitable oil and gas properties in Paraguay, South America. On November 21, 2007, we entered into a share purchase agreement, as amended March 17, 2008 and July 30, 2008 (the Original Agreement), among our company, Artemis Energy PLC, formerly Pantera Oil and Gas PLC (Artemis), Aurora Petroleos SA (Aurora) and Boreal Petroleos SA (Boreal). To more effectively align the interests of our company with Artemis, Aurora and Boreal, and to provide for a potentially more efficient accounting and tax treatment for our company, Artemis, Aurora and Boreal under their respective tax and accounting regimes, the parties entered negotiations and further revised the Original Agreement. On September 9, 2008, we amended the agreement (Restated Purchase Agreement) as follows.
(a) |
Aurora acknowledged and agreed to: | ||
(i) |
the prior indebtedness owed to our company is $335,000 and to issue a five year note bearing 5% simple interest, in a form to be mutually agreed upon by Aurora and our company; | ||
(ii) |
issue a five year note bearing 5% simple interest, in a form to be mutually agreed upon by Aurora and our company, to our company in an amount equal to any future payments made by our company to Aurora pursuant to the amended agreement; and | ||
(iii) |
the terms of repayment of any outstanding amounts to our company; | ||
(b) |
Boreal acknowledged and agreed to: |
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(i) |
the prior indebtedness owed to our company is $335,000 and to issue a five year note bearing 5% simple interest, in a form to be mutually agreed upon by Boreal and our company; | |||
(ii) |
issue a five year note bearing 5% simple interest, in a form to be mutually agreed upon by Boreal and our company, to our company in an amount equal to any future payments made by our company to Boreal pursuant to the amended agreement; and | |||
(iii) |
the terms of repayment of any outstanding amounts to our company; | |||
(c) |
Artemis agreed to: | |||
(i) |
cancel 2,600,000 of our 4,000,000 common shares issued to Artemis on November 21, 2007; | |||
(ii) |
issue warrants to our company to purchase: | |||
A. |
27% of the issued and outstanding shares of Aurora for amounts previously paid to Aurora; | |||
B. |
30% of the issued and outstanding shares of Boreal for amounts previously paid to Boreal; | |||
C. |
an additional 38% of the issued and outstanding shares of Aurora for a payment of $500,000 by us to Aurora, or as Aurora may direct on or before April 30, 2009 (Aurora April Investment) and up to an additional 20% of the shares of Aurora for a payment of $1,500,000 by us to Aurora, or as Aurora may direct; provided we have completed the Aurora April Investment; and | |||
D. |
an additional 35% of the issued and outstanding shares of Boreal for a payment of $500,000 by us to Boreal, or as Boreal may direct on or before April 30, 2009 (Boreal April Investment) and up to an additional 20% of the shares of Boreal for a payment of $1,500,000 by us to Boreal, or as Boreal may direct; provided we have completed the Boreal April Investment; and | |||
(d) |
We agreed to issue a share purchase warrant entitling Artemis to purchase up to 2,600,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.27 per share, with the other terms and conditions of the warrants to be mutually agreed upon by Artemis and our company. |
In addition, each of Aurora and Boreal agreed to use all funds that they respectively receive from our company in connection with the amended agreement exclusively towards the exploration and development of the concessions held by each of Aurora and Boreal. Each of Aurora and Boreal have agreed to (i) consult and work together with our company to plan and execute any exploration and development activities either of them conduct; (ii) provide our company with annualized budgets with monthly cost projections; and (iii) not incur costs in excess of $5,000 for any transactions without the prior written consent of either our company or Artemis.
Please review the amended agreement attached as Exhibit 10.9 to this annual report for a complete description of all of the terms and conditions of the amended agreement.
Aurora and Boreal Chaco Basin Concessions
Aurora has acquired the rights to concessions in northern Paraguay consisting of three tracts: Tagua, Toro, and Cerro Cabrera. They are located in the eastern extensions of the Chaco Basin, where, in Bolivia and Argentina significant reserves of natural gas, oil and condensate have been discovered. The Chaco Basin extends across Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina, and in Paraguay, the Chaco Basin is composed of two Sub-Basins, the Curupayty and Carandayty Sub-Basins. The sources for most of the known hydrocarbons in the Chaco Basin are the Devonian Los Monos and Silurian Kirusillas shales. Both are mixed oil and gas prone source rocks. The amalgamated fans and channel sandstones of the Carboniferous Tarija and Tupambi formations are the main producing reservoirs in the Chaco Basin. The Tagua tract, approximately 116 square miles in area, is located in the Carandayty Sub-Basin on the border with Bolivia. The Curupayty Sub-Basin is located along the southern margin of the Chaco Basin. The Toro tract, approximately 927 square miles in area, is located in the Curupayty Sub-Basin in north central Paraguay. The Cerro Cabrera Block, approximately 1,996 square miles in area, is located in northern Paraguay on the Bolivian border. Aurora entered into a Concession Contract with the government of Paraguay on March 2, 2007. This Concession Contract is assigned Law Number 3,551, dated July 16, 2008, having been duly ratified by the Congress of Paraguay and signed by President Nicanor Duarte Frutos.
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Boreal has acquired the rights to concessions in northern Paraguay consisting of two tracts: Pantera and Bahia Negra. They are also located in the eastern extensions of the Chaco Basin. The Pantera tract, approximately 1,158 square miles in area, is located in the Curupayty Sub-Basin on the border with Bolivia. The Bahia Negra tract, approximately 1,853 square miles in area, is located at the southern end of the Curupayty Sub-Basin in north central Paraguay. Boreal entered into a Concession Contract with the government of Paraguay on March 2, 2007. This Concession Contract is assigned Law Number 3,478, dated December 13, 2008, having been duly ratified by the Congress of Paraguay and signed by President Nicanor Duarte Frutos.
On January 30, 2008, we entered into an agreement with T.B. Berge, P.G., for the reprocessing of 1993 vintage Phillips Petroleum 2D seismic data and 1971 vintage Texaco 2D seismic data, located on our Pantera concession, consisting of approximately 988,000 acres in northern Paraguay. On July 10, 2008, Mr. Berge completed the reprocessing and interpretation of approximately 178 miles of 2-D seismic data and submitted his processing report to our company. The reprocessed data, along with well, surface, and cultural information, were loaded and mapped in an SMT project. Mr. Berge submitted relevant horizons and maps to show hydrocarbon systems and prospects and determined a probabilistic range for identified prospects, as well as a mean outcome for economics, using SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers), WPC (World Petroleum Council), and AAPG (American Association of Petroleum Geologists) guidelines. Existing well files from the Pantera #1 well, drilled by Phillips Petroleum in 1995, were recovered from storage in Paraguay and fully digitized and incorporated into the report. The Pantera #1 well tops and intervals were tied to existing seismic lines and correlated around the rest of the reprocessed data grid.
Possible additional steps could include the processing of a number of large seismic displays on paper that are from the older Texaco surveys through a process called seismic vectorization (or SEGY conversion) to recover and reprocess that data as if we had the tapes. The process should allow us to do post-stack processing (migration) and then load the data with our existing data. This may be useful information of a more regional nature that would help put the regional perspective together. We have accumulated additional well data to aid in this survey. This survey would be intended to further add to our evaluation of identified prospects and aid in the formulation of the drilling plan.
However, commensurate with our acquisition of ESP Resources (Delaware) and the strategic focus of those assets on specialty chemicals for the energy industry, we are currently evaluating this project for viability and strategic fit. Given the global downturn in oil and gas prices and the severe contraction in the equity and credit markets for financing, we have been actively seeking a lead joint venture partner or purchaser for the property to move forward with exploration plans. However, there is no guarantee that a financial partner or purchaser may be discovered for the property which will lead to our inability to move forward with the exploration project.
Block 83 84 Joint Venture
In addition, on February 24, 2008, we purchased a 10% interest in a joint venture formed pursuant to a joint venture agreement, with Trius Energy, LLC, as the managing venturer, and certain other joint venturers, in consideration for $800,000. Pursuant to the joint venture agreement, our company and the other joint venturers agreed, among other things, (a) to form a joint venture for the limited purpose of (i) securing, re-entering, re-opening, managing, cultivating, drilling and operating the Gulf-Baker 83 #1 Well, the Sibley 84 #1 Well and the Sibley 84 #2 Well located in West Gomez oil and gas fields in Pecos County, Texas, (ii) such other business agreed to by the joint venturers, and (iii) all such actions incidental to the foregoing as the joint venturers determine; (b) that the joint venturers shall have equal rights to manage and control the joint venture and its affairs and business, and that the joint venturers designate Trius Energy, LLC, as the managing venturer and delegate to the managing venturer the day-to-day management of the joint venture; (c) that distributions from and contributions to the joint venture shall be made in a prescribed manner; and (d) that all property acquired by the joint venture shall be owned by the joint venture, in the name of the joint venture, and beneficially owned by the joint venturers in the percentages of each joint venturer from time to time. On April 1, 2008, the joint venture began re-entry operations on the Sibley 84 #1 Well.
On August 16, 2008, the Sibley 84 #1 well of Block 83 84 Project JV entered production and began to sell natural gas. While bottom hole pressure remained strong after an acidization procedure on the perforations, or holes made in the production formation through which formation gas enters the wellbore, increasing amounts of formation water from an undetermined zone caused a significant decrease in the natural gas production rates, and caused the Block 83 84 Project JV to shut in the well for evaluation. While evaluating solutions from service providers to decrease the water production, on November 12, 2008, there was a reported well-head blowout. Multiple service companies were mobilized on location to control the well and place a Blow Out Preventer on the casing head at the surface of the well. The Block 83 84 Project JV is in the process of working with the insurance provider to pay for all work done in controlling the well and also for all repair costs in order to replace all damaged equipment and to return the well to production. Due to the current condition of the well and the uncertainty regarding its production levels, its classification will remain as an unproven property.
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Baker Ranch Block 80
On October 30, 2008, we entered into and closed the definitive documents for the transaction with Lakehills and a private equity drilling fund (the "Investor). Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, we, along with Lakehills, entered into drilling arrangements with the Investor whereby we and Lakehills granted the Investor an exclusive option to fund the drilling, re-entry and completion of certain wells located in the West Gomez field (Bakers Ranch) located in Pecos County, Texas. According to the terms of the Agreement, the Investor acquired a 100% working interest in the wells. Upon tie-in of each well, the Investor will own a 95% working interest in such well and the Investor will grant to Lakehills a 5% working interest. The Investors working interest shall remain 95% until such time as the Investor has achieved a 12% internal rate of return from its investment (IRR) in the well. Thereafter, the Investor will grant to us a 5% working interest and the Investors working interest percentage will be reduced to 90% until such time as the Investor has achieved a 20% IRR from its investment in the Well Program. Thereafter, the Investor will grant to us an additional 10% working interest such that our working interest will be 15% and the Investors working interest will be reduced to 80% until such time as the Investor has achieved a 25% IRR from its investment in the Well Program. Thereafter, the Investor will grant to us an additional 6% working interest such that our interest in such Well will be 21% and the Investors working interest will be reduced to 74% accordingly. In all cases, Lakehills working interest will remain at 5%.
The Investor shall receive 100% of the cash flows on the initial well (the Initial Well) until such cash flow received exceeds the $87,190 plus interest represented by a promissory note that we executed in favor of the Investor. No cash distributions shall be paid to us or to Lakehills until the Note has been paid in full. Upon full payment of the Note, we shall receive 100% of the cash flow from the Initial Well until the aggregate amount of such cash flow received by us totals $350,000. No cash distributions shall be made or otherwise accrue to the Investor or Lakehills during this period. Thereafter, the Investor will receive 50% of the Initial Wells operating cash flow and we will receive 50% of the Initial Wells operating cash flow until each party receives $175,000 (i.e., an aggregate of $350,000). No cash distributions shall be made or otherwise accrue to Lakehills during this period. Thereafter, cash distributions shall be calculated in accordance with the then current working interest ownership percentages associated with the Initial Well as outlined in the paragraph above. The distributions that would otherwise be payable to us pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence shall be paid to the Investor until the aggregate of such distributions paid to the Investor totals $175,000. The first $525,000 of cash flow received by us under the transaction documents shall be used to satisfy its obligations to certain investors under an oil and gas certificate agreement. Re-entry operations on Block 80 began in November 2008 with the goal of placing the well back into production in the near future. Due to the current re-entry operations and the uncertainty regarding its production levels, its classification will remain as an unproven property.
Principal Products
Petrochemicals: Through ESPPI, we are a custom formulator of specialty chemicals for the energy industry. ESPPIs more specific mission is to provide applications of surface chemistry to service all facets of the fossil energy business via a high level of innovation. ESPPI is focusing its efforts on solving problems in a highly complex integration of processes to achieve the highest level of quality petroleum output. Listening to its customers with their changing demands and applying its skills as chemical formulators enables ESPPI to measure its success in this endeavor.
ESPPI acts as manufacturer, distributor and marketer of specialty chemicals. ESPPI supplies specialty chemicals for a variety of oil field applications including separating suspended water and other contaminants from crude oil, pumping enhancement, and cleaning, as well as a variety of fluids and additives used in the drilling and production process.
ESPPI currently offers production chemicals, drilling chemicals, waste remediation chemicals, cleaners and waste treatment chemicals:
- Surfactants that are highly effective in treating production and injection problems at the customer well-head.
- Well completion and work-over chemicals that maximize productivity from new and existing wells.
- Bactericides that kill water borne bacterial growth, thus preventing corrosion and plugging of the customer well-head and flowline.
- Scale compounds that prevent or treat scale deposits.
- Corrosion inhibitors, which are organic compounds that form a protective film on metal surfaces to insulate the metal from its corrosive environment.
- Antifoams that provide safe economic means of controlling foaming problems.
- ESPPI emulsion breakers, which are chemicals specially formulated for crude oils containing produced waters.
- Paraffin chemicals that inhibit and/or dissolve paraffin to prevent buildup. Their effectiveness is not diminished when used in conjunction with other chemicals.
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- Water Clarifiers that solve any and all of the problems associated with purifying effluent water, improve appearance, efficiency and productivity.
Oil and Gas Exploration: We are also engaged in the business of exploring and, if warranted, developing commercial reserves of oil and gas. Since we are currently an exploration stage company, there is no assurance that commercially viable resources or reserves exist on any of our properties, and a great deal of further exploration will be required before a final evaluation as to the economic and legal feasibility for our future operation is determined. As of the date of this annual report, we have not discovered any economically viable resource or reserve on the properties owned by Aurora or Boreal, and there is no assurance that we will discover any. On August 16, 2008, the Sibley 84 #1 well of Block 83 84 Project JV entered production and began to sell natural gas. Due to the current condition of the well and the uncertainty regarding its production levels, its classification will remain as an unproven property.
Distribution Methods
ESP Petrochemicals, Inc.: ESPPI's goal is first, to solve the customers problem at the well and optimize drilling or production, and secondly, the sale of product. Typically, the ESPPI team may gather information at a well site and enter this data into the analytical system at the companys labs in Lafayette, Louisiana. The system provides testing parameters and reproduces conditions at the wellhead. This allows the ESPPI chemist to design and test a new chemical blend in a very short time. In many cases, a new blend may be in service at the well in as little as 24 hours.
Once the chemical blend has been formulated and decided, the chemical is placed in service at the wellhead of the customer by delivering a storage tank, called a day tank, at the customers well-site location and filling the tank with the custom blended chemical. The tank is tied to a pressure pump that provides the pumping capacity to deliver the chemical into the wellhead for the customer.
This unique process shortens the chemical development time frame from what might have been as long as two months or more to a few days or hours. The exceptional service, response times and chemical products that the ESPPI team is able to provide its customers is a differentiating factor within the industry.
West Gomez Projects: The West Gomez field has all of the necessary infrastructure to gather and deliver oil and natural gas when and if any of the projects enter into production.
Chaco Basin Concessions: A new gas field discovery in Paraguay will require new infrastructure, such as gas processing plants, gas gathering pipelines, and construction of a connection into the existing pipeline system in Brazil and Argentina for international export. A new oil discovery will also require new infrastructure, such as oil tanks and pumps. Crude oil must be moved from the production site to refineries. These movements can be made using a number of different modes of transportation, including trucks and trains, and also via an oil pipeline, which would need to be constructed in Paraguay. We would not, on our own, be able to distribute any oil and gas we discover, from our operations in Paraguay. We would need to rely on third party contractors to distribute any such oil and gas or sell any such oil and gas to third parties at the point of production.
Competition
ESP Petrochemicals, Inc.: Currently, the market distribution is shared by very few large participants, namely, Baker Petrolite, Nalco, and Champion Technologies, Inc. There are several small to medium sized businesses that are regionally located. The area of biggest growth in the Specialty Chemical market is in the area of Production Treatment Chemicals. To be competitive in the industry, ESPPI will continually enhance and update its technology. ESPPI has allocated funds to research and development of new technologies to maintain the efficacy of its technology and its ability to compete so it can continue to grow its business.
ESPPIs strategy for surpassing the competition is to provide better service and response time combined with superior chemical solutions that can be translated into savings for its customers. We believe that ESPPI is able to solve these problems due to the following competitive advantages:
* |
Personalized service. | |
* |
Expedited Field Analysis; and | |
* |
Convenience and access to the best available market rates and products that it can produce and identify that are currently offered by its suppliers for its customers. |
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Additionally, new companies are constantly entering the market. This growth and fragmentation could also have a negative impact on ESPPIs ability to obtain additional market share. Larger companies which have been engaged in this business for substantially longer periods of time may have access to greater financial and other resources. These companies may have greater success in recruiting and retaining qualified employees and in specialty chemical manufacturing and marketing, which may give them a competitive advantage.
Oil and Gas Exploration: The oil and gas industry is very competitive. We compete with numerous individuals and companies, including many major oil and gas companies, which have substantially greater technical, financial and operational resources and staffs. Accordingly, there is a high degree of competition for desirable oil and gas interests, suitable properties for drilling operations and necessary drilling equipment, as well as for access to funds. This competition could adversely impact our ability to finance property acquisitions and further exploration.
Licenses, concessions, royalty agreements or labor contracts
Aurora and Boreal have acquired rights to concessions in Paraguay representing approximately 3,872,000 acres or 6,050 square miles pursuant to a Concession Contract with the government of Paraguay dated March 2, 2007. For further details of our agreements and concessions, please see our disclosure under the section entitled Description of Property below.
Government Approval and Regulation
We, together with ESPPI, are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws, rules, regulations, and ordinances, including those concerning emissions and discharges, and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment, disposal and import and export of hazardous materials. We do not anticipate having to expend significant resources to comply with any governmental regulations applicable to our operations.
We, together with ESPPI, are required to obtain licenses and permits from various governmental authorities. We anticipate that we will be able to obtain all necessary licenses and permits to carry on the activities which we intend to conduct, and that we intend to comply in all material respects with the terms of such licenses and permits. However, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to obtain and maintain, at all times, all necessary licenses and permits required to undertake our proposed exploration and development or to place our properties into commercial production. In the event that we proceed with our operation without necessary licenses and permits, we may be subject to large fines and possibly even court orders and injunctions to cease operations.
Oil and gas operations in United States and elsewhere are also subject to federal and state laws and regulations which seek to maintain health and safety standards by regulating the design and use of drilling methods and equipment. Furthermore oil and gas operations in the United States are also subject to federal and state laws and regulations including, but not limited to: the construction and operation of facilities; the use of water in industrial processes; the removal of natural resources from the ground; and the discharge/release of materials into the environment.
We are also subject to the laws and regulations which are generally applicable to business operations, such as business licensing requirements, income taxes and payroll taxes
Costs and Effects of Compliance with Environmental Laws
Our specialty chemical business is subject to federal, state and local environmental laws, rules, regulations, and ordinances, including those concerning emissions and discharges, and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment, disposal and import and export of hazardous materials (Environmental Laws). The operation of the Company's facilities and the distribution of chemical products entail risks under Environmental Laws, many of which provide for substantial remediation costs in the event of discharges of contaminants and fines and sanctions for violations. Violations of Environmental Laws could result in the imposition of substantial criminal fines and penalties against the Company and their officers and employees in certain circumstances. The costs associated with responding to civil or criminal matters can be substantial. Also, significant civil or criminal violations could adversely impact the Company's marketing ability in the region served by the Company. Compliance with existing and future Environmental Laws may require significant capital expenditures by the Company.
There can be no assurance that past or future operations will not result in the Company incurring material environmental liabilities and costs or that compliance with Environmental Laws will not require material capital expenditures by the Company, each of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.
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The Company knows of no existing contamination sites where the company supplies petrochemicals for their current customer locations. The title for the chemicals that ESP supplies to their customer base passes from ESP to the customer upon delivery of the chemical to the customer location. We have insurance that covers accidental spillage and cleanup at our blending location and for transportation to the customer location; however, the customer is responsible for the integrity of the chemical once the chemical blend is delivered to the receiving point of the customer.
The Company intends to conduct appropriate due diligence with respect to environmental matters in connection with future acquisitions, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to identify or be indemnified for all potential environmental liabilities relating to any acquired business. Although the Company has obtained insurance and indemnities for certain contamination conditions, such insurance and indemnities are limited.
In general, our exploration and production activities are subject to certain federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental quality and pollution control. Such laws and regulations increase the costs of these activities and may prevent or delay the commencement or continuance of a given operation. Compliance with these laws and regulations has not had a material effect on our operations or financial condition to date. Specifically, we are subject to legislation regarding emissions into the environment, water discharges and storage and disposition of hazardous wastes. In addition, legislation has been enacted which requires well and facility sites to be abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of state authorities. However, such laws and regulations are frequently changed and we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance. Generally, environmental requirements do not appear to affect us any differently or to any greater or lesser extent than other companies in the industry.
Number of Employees
We together with ESPPI, currently have seven employees, all of whom are full time. We expect to increase the number of employees as we implement our business objectives and expand our management team. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. The management of our company is comprised of a team of highly skilled and experienced professionals, and we focus on training and professional development for all levels of employees and on hiring additional experienced employees. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The shares of our common stock are highly speculative in nature, involve a high degree of risk and should be purchased only by persons who can afford to lose the entire amount invested in the common stock. You should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in this annual report before investing in our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
We have had
negative cash flows from operations.
To date we have had negative cash flows from operations and we have been dependent on sales of our equity securities and debt financing to meet our cash requirements and have incurred losses totaling $115,283 for the year ended December 31, 2008. As of December 31, 2008, we had a working capital deficit of $106,792. We do not expect positive cash flow from operations in the near term. There is no assurance that actual cash requirements will not exceed our estimates. In particular, additional capital may be required in the event that costs increase beyond our expectations, such as drilling and completion costs, or we encounter greater costs associated with general and administrative expenses or offering costs.
The occurrence of any of the aforementioned events could adversely affect our ability to meet our business plans. If adequate additional financing is not available on reasonable terms, we may not be able to fund our future operations and we would have to modify our business plans accordingly. There is no assurance that additional financing will be available to us.
We will depend almost exclusively on outside capital to pay for the continued exploration and development of our properties. Such outside capital may include the sale of additional stock and/or commercial borrowing. Capital may not continue to be available if necessary to meet these continuing development costs or, if the capital is available, that it will be on terms acceptable to us. Any future capital investments could dilute or otherwise materially and adversely affect the holdings or rights of our existing shareholders. In addition, new equity or convertible debt securities issued by us to obtain financing could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our common stock. The issuance of additional equity securities by us would result
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in a significant dilution in the equity interests of our current stockholders. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, will increase our liabilities and future cash commitments. We cannot give you any assurance that any additional financing will be available to us, or if available, will be on terms favorable to us.
If we are unable to obtain financing in the amounts and on terms deemed acceptable to us, we may be unable to continue our business and as a result may be required to scale back or cease operations of our business, the result of which would be that our stockholders would lose some or all of their investment.
A decline in the price of our common stock could affect our ability to raise further working capital and adversely impact our operations.
A prolonged decline in the price of our common stock could result in a reduction in the liquidity of our common stock and a reduction in our ability to raise capital. Because our operations have been primarily financed through the sale of equity securities, a decline in the price of our common stock could be especially detrimental to our liquidity and our continued operations. Any reduction in our ability to raise equity capital in the future would force us to reallocate funds from other planned uses and would have a significant negative effect on our business plans and operations, including our ability to continue our current operations. If our stock price declines, we may not be able to raise additional capital or generate funds from operations sufficient to meet our obligations.
We have a history of losses and fluctuating operating results.
From inception through to December 31, 2008, we have incurred aggregate losses of $530,020. Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $115,283. There is no assurance that we will operate profitably or will generate positive cash flow in the future. In addition, our operating results in the future may be subject to significant fluctuations due to many factors not within our control, such as the general economic cycle, the market price of oil and gas and exploration and development costs. If we cannot generate positive cash flows in the future, or raise sufficient financing to continue our normal operations, then we may be forced to scale down or even close our operations.
Until such time as we generate revenues, we expect an increase in development costs and operating costs. Consequently, we expect to incur operating losses and negative cash flow until our properties enter commercial production.
We have a limited operating history upon which to base financial performance, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the value of our stock, and if we are not successful in continuing to grow our business, then we may have to scale back our operations and may not be able to continue as a going concern.
We have limited history of revenues from operations. Our wholly owned petrochemicals business, ESP Petrochemicals, Inc., was formed in November 2006 and began operations in February 2007 and has limited operating history. Accordingly, our business has very limited operating results and therefore it is impossible for an investor to assess the performance of the company or to determine whether the company will ever become profitable. We have yet to generate positive earnings and there can be no assurance that we will ever operate profitably.
Our company has a limited operating history and must be considered in the development stage. The success of our company is significantly dependent on a successful acquisition, drilling, completion and production program as well as the successful growth of our recently acquired petrochemicals business line. Our companys operations will be subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment of a developing enterprise and the uncertainties arising from the absence of a significant operating history. We may be unable to locate recoverable reserves or operate on a profitable basis. We are in the development stage and potential investors should be aware of the difficulties normally encountered by enterprises in the development stage. If our business plan is not successful, and we are not able to operate profitably, we may not be able to continue as a going concern and investors may lose some or all of their investment in our company.
Due to the speculative nature of the exploration of oil and gas properties, there is substantial risk that aspect of our business will fail.
The business of oil and gas exploration and development is highly speculative involving substantial risk. There is generally no way to recover any funds expended on a particular property unless reserves are established and unless we can exploit such reserves in an economic manner. We can provide investors with no assurance that any property interest that we may acquire will provide commercially exploitable reserves. Any expenditure by our company in connection with locating, acquiring and developing an interest in a mineral or oil and gas property may not provide or contain commercial quantities of reserves.
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Our specialty chemical business will be dependent on the oil and gas industry which has historically been volatile and could negatively affect our results of operations.
Demand for our oil and gas field specialty chemical products and services depends in large part upon the level of exploration and production of oil and gas and the industry's willingness to spend capital on environmental and oil and gas field services, which in turn depends on oil and gas prices, expectations about future prices, the cost of exploring for, producing and delivering oil and gas, the discovery rate of new oil and gas reserves and the ability of oil and gas companies to raise capital. Domestic and international political, military, regulatory and economic conditions also affect the industry.
Prices for oil and gas historically have been volatile and have reacted to changes in the supply of and the demand for oil and natural gas, domestic and worldwide economic conditions and political instability in oil producing countries. No assurance can be given that current levels of oil and gas activities will be maintained or that demand for our services will reflect the level of such activities. Prices for oil and natural gas are expected to continue to be volatile and affect the demand for specialty chemical products and services such as ours. A material decline in oil or natural gas prices or activities could materially affect the demand for our products and services and, therefore, our financial condition.
Because of the early stage of development and the nature of our business, our securities are considered highly speculative.
Our securities must be considered highly speculative, generally because of the nature of our business and the early stage of its development. We are engaged in the supply of specialty chemicals to the petroleum industry. We are also engaged in the business of exploring and, if warranted, developing commercial reserves of oil and gas. Our properties are in the exploration stage only and are without known reserves of oil and gas. Accordingly, we have not generated any revenues from our oil and gas exploration properties nor have we realized a profit from our oil and gas exploration operations to date and there is little likelihood that we will generate any revenues or realize any profits from such operations in the short term. Any profitability in the future from our business will be dependent upon the successful growth of ESPPIs petrochemicals business as well as locating and developing economic reserves of oil and gas, which itself is subject to numerous risk factors as set forth herein. Since have not generated any revenues from our oil and gas explorations and our petrochemical operations are in an early stage of development, we will have to raise additional monies through the sale of our equity securities or debt in order to continue business operations.
The potential profitability of oil and gas ventures depends upon factors beyond the control of our company.
The oil and gas industry in general is cyclical in nature. It tends to reflect and be amplified by general economic conditions, both domestically and abroad. Historically, in periods of recession or periods of minimal economic growth, the operations of oil and gas companies have been adversely affected. Certain end-use markets for oil and petroleum products experience demand cycles that are highly correlated to the general economic environment which is sensitive to a number of factors outside our control.
A recession or a slowing of the economy could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and proposed plan of operations. A recession may lead to significant fluctuations in demand and pricing for oil and gas. If we elect to proceed with the development of any of our property interests, our profitability may be significantly affected by decreased demand and pricing of oil and gas. Reduced demand and pricing pressures will adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We are not able to predict the timing, extent and duration of the economic cycles in the markets in which we operate.
The potential profitability of oil and gas properties is dependent upon many factors beyond our control. For instance, world prices and markets for oil and gas are unpredictable, highly volatile, potentially subject to governmental fixing, pegging, controls, or any combination of these and other factors, and respond to changes in domestic, international, political, social, and economic environments. Additionally, due to worldwide economic uncertainty, the availability and cost of funds for production and other expenses have become increasingly difficult, if not impossible, to project. These changes and events may materially affect our financial performance.
Adverse weather conditions can also hinder drilling operations. A productive well may become uneconomic in the event water or other deleterious substances are encountered which impair or prevent the production of oil and/or gas from the well. In addition, production from any well may be unmarketable if it is impregnated with water or other deleterious substances. The marketability of oil and gas which may be acquired or discovered will be affected by numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include the proximity and capacity of oil and gas pipelines and processing equipment, market fluctuations of prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, allowable production and environmental protection. These factors cannot be accurately predicted and the combination of these factors may result in our company not receiving an adequate return on invested capital.
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Competition in the oil and gas industry is very intense and there is no assurance that we will be successful in acquiring additional property interests.
The oil and gas industry is very competitive. We compete with numerous individuals and companies, including many major oil and gas companies, which have substantially greater technical, financial and operational resources and staff. Accordingly, there is a high degree of competition for desirable oil and gas interests, suitable properties for drilling operations and necessary drilling equipment, as well as for access to funds. We cannot predict if the necessary funds can be raised or that any projected work will be completed.
We are required to obtain licenses and permits from various governmental authorities. We anticipate that we will be able to obtain all necessary licenses and permits to carry on the activities which we intend to conduct, and that we intend to comply in all material respects with the terms of such licenses and permits. However, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to obtain and maintain, at all times, all necessary licenses and permits required to undertake our proposed exploration and development or to place our properties into commercial production. In the event that we proceed with our operation without necessary licenses and permits, we may be subject to large fines and possibly even court orders and injunctions to cease operations.
The acquisition of oil and gas interests involve many risks and disputes as to the title of such interests will result in a material adverse effect on our company.
The acquisition of interests in mineral properties involves certain risks. Title to mineral claims and the borders of such claims may be disputed. The concessions may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers and title may be affected by undetected defects. If it is determined that any of our companys concessions are based upon a claim with an invalid title, a disputed border, or subject to a prior right, the balance sheet of our company will be adversely affected and we may not be able to recover damages without incurring expensive litigation costs.
The marketability of natural resources will be affected by numerous factors beyond our control which may result in us not receiving an adequate return on invested capital to be profitable or viable.
The marketability of natural resources which may be acquired or discovered by us will be affected by numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include market fluctuations in oil and gas pricing and demand, the proximity and capacity of natural resource markets and processing equipment, governmental regulations, land tenure, land use, regulation concerning the importing and exporting of oil and gas and environmental protection regulations. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may result in us not receiving an adequate return on invested capital to be profitable or viable.
The potential costs of environmental compliance in our petrochemical business could have a material negative economic impact on our operations and financial condition.
Our specialty chemical business is subject to federal, state and local environmental laws, rules, regulations, and ordinances, including those concerning emissions and discharges, and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment, disposal and import and export of hazardous materials (Environmental Laws). The operation of the Company's facilities and the distribution of chemical products entail risks under Environmental Laws, many of which provide for substantial remediation costs in the event of discharges of contaminants and fines and sanctions for violations. Violations of Environmental Laws could result in the imposition of substantial criminal fines and penalties against the Company and their officers and employees in certain circumstances. The costs associated with responding to civil or criminal matters can be substantial. Also, significant civil or criminal violations could adversely impact the Company's marketing ability in the region served by the Company. Compliance with existing and future Environmental Laws may require significant capital expenditures by the Company.
There can be no assurance that past or future operations will not result in the Company incurring material environmental liabilities and costs or that compliance with Environmental Laws will not require material capital expenditures by the Company, each of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition. The Company knows of no existing contamination sites where the company supplies petrochemicals for their current customer locations. The title for the chemicals that ESP supplies to their customer base passes from ESP to the customer upon delivery of the chemical to the customer location. We have insurance that covers accidental spillage and cleanup at our blending location and for transportation to the customer location; however, the customer is responsible for the integrity of the chemical once the chemical blend is delivered to the receiving point of the customer.
The Company intends to conduct appropriate due diligence with respect to environmental matters in connection with future
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acquisitions, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to identify or be indemnified for all potential environmental liabilities relating to any acquired business. Although the Company has obtained insurance and indemnities for certain contamination conditions, such insurance and indemnities are limited.
Operating hazards in our petrochemical business could have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial condition.
Our specialty chemicals operations are subject to the numerous hazards associated with the handling, transportation, blending, storage, sale, ownership and other activities relating to chemicals. These hazards include, but are not limited to, storage tank or pipeline leaks and ruptures, explosions, fires, chemical spills, discharges or releases of toxic substances or gases, mechanical failures, transportation accidents, any of which could materially and adversely affect the Company. These hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property and equipment, environmental damage and may result in suspension of operations.
The Company will maintain insurance coverage in the amounts and against the risks it believes are in accordance with industry practice, but this insurance will not cover all types or amounts of liabilities. The Company currently has spillage, transportation, and handling insurance. No assurance can be given either that (i) this insurance will be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities the Company may incur in its operations or (ii) the Company will be able to maintain insurance of the types or at levels that are adequate or at reasonable rates.
Oil and gas operations are subject to comprehensive regulation which may cause substantial delays or require capital outlays in excess of those anticipated causing an adverse effect on our company.
Oil and gas operations are subject to federal, state, and local laws relating to the protection of the environment, including laws regulating removal of natural resources from the ground and the discharge of materials into the environment. Oil and gas operations are also subject to federal, state, and local laws and regulations which seek to maintain health and safety standards by regulating the design and use of drilling methods and equipment. Various permits from government bodies are required for drilling operations to be conducted, and no assurance can be given that such permits will be received. Environmental standards imposed by federal, provincial, or local authorities may be changed and any such changes may have material adverse effects on our activities. Moreover, compliance with such laws may cause substantial delays or require capital outlays in excess of those anticipated, thus causing an adverse effect on us. Additionally, we may be subject to liability for pollution or other environmental damages which we may elect not to insure against due to prohibitive premium costs and other reasons. To date, we have not been required to spend any material amount on compliance with environmental regulations. However, we may be required to do so in the future and this may affect our ability to expand or maintain our operations.
Exploration and production activities are subject to certain environmental regulations which may prevent or delay the commencement or continuance of our operations.
In general, our exploration and production activities are subject to certain federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental quality and pollution control. Such laws and regulations increase the costs of these activities and may prevent or delay the commencement or continuance of a given operation. Compliance with these laws and regulations has not had a material effect on our operations or financial condition to date. Specifically, we are subject to legislation regarding emissions into the environment, water discharges and storage and disposition of hazardous wastes. In addition, legislation has been enacted which requires well and facility sites to be abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of state authorities. However, such laws and regulations are frequently changed and we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance. Generally, environmental requirements do not appear to affect us any differently or to any greater or lesser extent than other companies in the industry.
We believe that our operations comply, in all material respects, with all applicable environmental regulations. However, we are not fully insured against all possible environmental risks.
Any future operations will involve many risks and we may become liable for pollution or other liabilities which may have an adverse effect on our financial position.
In the course of the exploration, acquisition and development of mineral properties, several risks and, in particular, unexpected or unusual geological or operating conditions may occur. Drilling operations generally involve a high degree of risk. Hazards such as unusual or unexpected geological formations, power outages, labor disruptions, blow-outs, sour gas leakage, fire, inability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment or labor, and other risks are involved. We may become subject to liability for pollution. It is not always possible to fully insure against such risks, and we do not currently have any insurance
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against such risks nor do we intend to obtain such insurance in the near future due to high costs of insurance. Should such liabilities arise, they could reduce or eliminate any future profitability and result in an increase in costs and a decline in value of the securities of our company.
We are not insured against most environmental risks. Insurance against environmental risks (including potential liability for pollution or other hazards as a result of the disposal of waste products occurring from exploration and production) has not been generally available to companies within the industry. We will periodically evaluate the cost and coverage of such insurance. If we became subject to environmental liabilities and do not have insurance against such liabilities, the payment of such liabilities would reduce or eliminate our available funds and may result in bankruptcy. Should we be unable to fully fund the remedial cost of an environmental problem, we might be required to enter into interim compliance measures pending completion of the required remedy.
Resource exploration involves many risks, regardless of the experience, knowledge and careful evaluation of the property by our company. These hazards include unusual or unexpected formations, formation pressures, fires, power outages, labour disruptions, flooding, explosions and the inability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment or labour.
Operations in which we will have a direct or indirect interest will be subject to all the hazards and risks normally incidental to the exploration, development and production of resource properties, any of which could result in damage to or destruction of producing facilities, damage to life and property, environmental damage and possible legal liability for any or all damage. We do not currently maintain liability insurance and may not obtain such insurance in the future. The nature of these risks is such that liabilities could represent a significant cost to our company, and may ultimately force our company to become bankrupt and cease operations.
Any change to government regulation/administrative practices may have a negative impact on our ability to operate and/or our profitability.
The laws, regulations, policies or current administrative practices of any government body, organization or regulatory agency in the United States or any other jurisdiction, may be changed, applied or interpreted in a manner which will fundamentally alter the ability of our company to carry on our business.
The actions, policies or regulations, or changes thereto, of any government body or regulatory agency, or other special interest groups, may have a detrimental effect on us. Any or all of these situations may have a negative impact on our ability to operate and/or our profitably.
We may be unable to retain key personnel and there is no guarantee that we could find a comparable replacement.
We may be unable to retain key employees or consultants or recruit additional qualified personnel. Our extremely limited personnel means that we would be required to spend significant sums of money to locate and train new employees in the event any of our employees resign or terminate their employment with us for any reason. Due to our limited operating history and financial resources, we are entirely dependent on the continued service of our President, David Dugas and our CEO, Chris Metcalf. Neither of these executives lives is insured for the benefit of the Company by key man life insurance. We may not have the financial resources to hire a replacement if we lost the services of Mr. Dugas or Mr. Metcalf. The loss of service of Mr. Dugas or Mr. Metcalf could therefore significantly and adversely affect our operations
The specialty chemicals business is highly competitive and the competition may adversely affect our results of operations.
Our business faces significant competition from major international producers as well as smaller regional competitors. Our most significant competitors include major chemicals and materials manufacturers and diversified companies, a number of which have revenues and capital resources far exceeding ours. Substitute products also exist for many of our products. Therefore, we face substantial risk that certain events, such as new product development by our competitors, changing customer needs, production advances for competing products, price changes in raw materials, could result in declining demand for our products as our customers switch to substitute products or undertake manufacturing of such products on their own. If we are unable to develop and produce or market our products to effectively compete against our competitors, our results of operations may materially suffer.
We are dependent on only a few major customers and the loss of any one of these customers could have a material adverse impact on our business.
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ESPPI has a total of twenty seven customers, three of which are major customers that together account for 30% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2008 and 56% of the total revenues earned for the year ended December 31, 2008. The loss of one of our major customers would have a serious material negative economic impact on our company and our ability to continue. There is no guarantee that we could replace one of these customers and if we were able to replace them, there is no guarantee that the revenues would be equal.
Need for additional employees
The Companys future success also depends upon its continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Expansion of the Companys business and the management and operation of the Company will require additional managers and employees with industry experience, and the success of the Company will be highly dependent on the Companys ability to attract and retain skilled management personnel and other employees. Competition for such personnel is intense. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to attract or retain highly qualified personnel.
Competition for skilled personnel in the oil and gas industry is significant. This competition may make it more difficult and expensive to attract, hire and retain qualified managers and employees. The Companys inability to attract skilled management personnel and other employees as needed could have a material adverse effect on the Companys business, operating results and financial condition. The Companys arrangement with its current employees is at will, meaning its employees may voluntarily terminate their employment at any time. The Company anticipates that the use of stock options, restricted stock grants, stock appreciation rights, and phantom stock awards will be valuable in attracting and retaining qualified personnel. However, the effects of such plan cannot be certain.
We may never pay any dividends to shareholders.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends or distributions on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to support operations and to finance expansion and therefore we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
The declaration, payment and amount of any future dividends will be made at the discretion of the board of directors, and will depend upon, among other things, the results of our operations, cash flows and financial condition, operating and capital requirements, and other factors as the board of directors considers relevant. There is no assurance that future dividends will be paid, and, if dividends are paid, there is no assurance with respect to the amount of any such dividend.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK
Our stock is a penny stock. Trading of our stock may be restricted by the Securities and Exchange Commissions penny stock regulations which may limit a stockholders ability to buy and sell our stock.
Our stock is a penny stock. The Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted Rule 15g-9 which generally defines penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price (as defined) less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. Our securities are covered by the penny stock rules, which impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell to persons other than established customers and accredited investors. The term accredited investor refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual income exceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document in a form prepared by the Securities and Exchange Commission which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customers account. The bid and offer quotations, and the broker-dealer and salesperson compensation information, must be given to the customer orally or in writing prior to effecting the transaction and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customers confirmation. In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from these rules, the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchasers written agreement to the transaction. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in the secondary market for the stock that is subject to these penny stock rules. Consequently, these penny stock rules may affect the ability of broker-dealers to trade our securities. We believe that the penny stock rules discourage investor interest in and limit the marketability of our common stock.
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The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, has adopted sales practice requirements which may also limit a stockholders ability to buy and sell our stock.
In addition to the penny stock rules described above, FINRA has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative low priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customers financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may limit your ability to buy and sell our stock and have an adverse effect on the market for our shares.
Our common stock is illiquid and the price of our common stock may be negatively impacted by factors which are unrelated to our operations.
Our common stock currently trades on a limited basis on the OTC Bulletin Board. Trading of our stock through the OTC Bulletin Board is frequently thin and highly volatile. There is no assurance that a sufficient market will develop in our stock, in which case it could be difficult for shareholders to sell their stock. The market price of our common stock could fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including market perception of our ability to achieve our planned growth, quarterly operating results of our competitors, trading volume in our common stock, changes in general conditions in the economy and the financial markets or other developments affecting our competitors or us. In addition, the stock market is subject to extreme price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant effect on the market price of securities issued by many companies for reasons unrelated to their operating performance and could have the same effect on our common stock.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
There are no unresolved staff comments.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We own no real property and currently lease our office space. Our principal executive offices are located at 1255 Lions Club Road, Scott, LA 70583. Our telephone number is (337) 706-7056.
In March 2008, the Company entered into a five-year lease requiring monthly payments of $8,750. The Company has the option to renew the lease for a subsequent five-year term with monthly rent of $9,500. The Company also has the option to buy the facilities during the second year of the lease for the consideration of $900,000. If the Company elects not to purchase the building during the second year of the lease, it has the option to purchase the building during the remainder of the initial term of the lease for an increased amount.
The landlord has agreed to construct a laboratory building on the premises and a tank filling area and the Company has agreed to pay the landlord an additional $20,000 at the end of the initial five year lease period if it does not renew the lease for the second five year term. The Company will amortize the additional costs over the initial period of the lease.
Pursuant to a share purchase agreement dated November 21, 2007, as amended March 17, 2008 and July 30, 2008, and as restated on September 9, 2008, among our company, Artemis Energy PLC (formerly Pantera Oil and Gas PLC), Aurora and Boreal, we have the right to purchase up to 85% of the shares of each of Aurora and Boreal. Aurora and Boreal have acquired rights to concessions in Paraguay representing approximately 3,872,000 acres or 6,050 square miles pursuant to a Concession Contract with the government of Paraguay dated March 2, 2007. The concessions offer the exclusive right to explore the granted area for a term of four years following the date of ratification by the Congress of Paraguay, extendible for an additional two years in which the concessionaire shall be obligated to fulfill a minimum work plan. The concessions offer a term of twenty years for exploitation following the date entered into the exploitation stage, extendible for an additional ten years at the concessionaires request.
Aurora has acquired the rights to concessions in northern Paraguay consisting of three tracts: Tagua, Toro, and Cerro Cabrera. They are located in the eastern extensions of the Chaco Basin, where, in Bolivia and Argentina, significant reserves of gas, oil and condensate have been discovered. The Chaco Basin extends across Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina, and in Paraguay, the Chaco Basin is composed of two Sub-Basins, the Curupayty and Carandayty Sub-Basins. The sources for most of the known hydrocarbons in the Chaco Basin are the Devonian Los Monos and Silurian Kirusillas shales. Both are mixed oil and gas prone
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source rocks. The amalgamated fans and channel sandstones of the Carboniferous Tarija and Tupambi formations are the main producing reservoirs in the Chaco Basin. The Tagua tract, approximately 116 square miles in area, is located in the Carandayty Sub-Basin on the border with Bolivia. It is approximately 12 miles from a Paraguayan well (Mendoza 1-R) that tested gas from two zones and approximately 68 miles from the nearest producing field in Bolivia. The Toro tract, approximately 927 square miles in area, is located in the Curupayty Sub-Basin in north central Paraguay. The Cerro Cabrera Block, approximately 1,996 square miles in area, is located in northern Paraguay on the Bolivian border. It is located directly across the Izozog High from the Mendoza 1-R and approximately 149 miles from the nearest producing fields in Bolivia. Aurora entered into a Concession Contract with the government of Paraguay on March 2, 2007. This Concession Contract is assigned Law Number 3,551, dated July 16, 2008, having been duly ratified by the Congress of Paraguay and signed by President Nicanor Duarte Frutos. The Concession area for Exploration is located and delimited by the following geographic coordinates:
TORO BLOCK
COORDINATES | LATITUDE: | LONGITUDE |
A | 20° 1030 | 59° 4807.2 |
B | 20° 1030 | 58° 3849.2 |
C | 20° 2118 | 58° 3849.2 |
D | 20° 2118 | 59° 4807.2 |
Approximate area: 593,053 acres.
TAGUA BLOCK
POINTS | Longitude | Latitude |
A | 62° 0640.68 | 20° 2118 |
B | 61° 5508.4 | 20° 2118 |
C | 61° 5508.4 | 20° 0451.6 |
D Boundary Marker IV Gabino Mendoza | 61° 5521.13 | 20° 0521.16 |
Approximate area: 74,132 acres.
BLOCK: CERRO CABRERA
POINTS | Longitude | Latitude |
Boundary Marker V C. Cabrera | 61° 4406.44 | 19° 3803.86 |
Boundary Marker VI Palmar de las Islas | 60° 371.2 | 19° 2736 |
C | 60° 3419.2 | 19° 2652.8 |
D | 60° 3419.2 | 19° 4846.8 |
E | 60° 4550.4 | 19° 4846.8 |
F | 60° 4550.4 | 19° 551.2 |
G | 61° 401.2 | 19° 551.2 |
H | 61° 401.2 | 19° 5938.4 |
I | 61° 5237.2 | 19° 5938.4 |
Approximate area: 1,277,535 acres.
Boreal has recently acquired the rights to concessions in northern Paraguay consisting of two tracts: Pantera and Bahia Negra. They are also located in the eastern extensions of the prolific Chaco Basin, where, in Bolivia and Argentina, significant
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reserves of gas, oil and condensate have been discovered. The Pantera tract, approximately 1,158 square miles in area, is located in the Curupayty Sub-Basin on the border with Bolivia. The Bahia Negra tract, approximately 1,853 square miles in area, is located at the southern end of the Curupayty Sub-Basin in north central Paraguay. Boreal entered into a Concession Contract with the government of Paraguay on March 2, 2007. This Concession Contract is assigned Law Number 3,478, dated May 13, 2008, having been duly ratified by the Congress of Paraguay and signed by President Nicanor Duarte Frutos. The Concession area for Exploration is located and delimited by the following geographic coordinates:
PANTERA BLOCK
POINTS | LONGITUDE | LATITUDE: |
Boundary Marker VII C. Sanchez | 59o 5840 | 19o 1740. 87 |
Boundary Marker VIII C. Chovoreca | 59o 0408.14 | 19o 1715.53 |
C. | 59o 0155.52 | 19o 1836 |
D | 59o 0155.52 | 19o 2707.2 |
E | 59o 5942 | 19o 2707.2 |
F | 59o 5942 | 19o 3758.8 |
G | 60o 2248 | 19o 3758.8 |
H | 60o 2248 | 19o 2352.8 |
Approximate area: 741,316 acres.
BAHIA NEGRA BLOCK
POINTS | LONGITUDE | LATITUDE: |
A | 59o 0155.2 | 20° 2118 |
B | 58° 3849.2 | 20° 2118 |
C | 58° 3849.2 | 21° 2620.4 |
D | 59o 0155.2 | 21° 2620.4 |
Approximate area: 1,186,106 acres.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We know of no material, active or pending legal proceedings against our company, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation. There are no proceedings in which any of our directors, officers or affiliates, or any registered or beneficial shareholder, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSIONS OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common shares were approved for quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board on April 16, 2007, and are currently quoted for trading under the symbol ESPI. The following quotations obtained from the OTC Bulletin Board reflect the high and low bids for our common stock based on inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission an may not represent actual transactions. The high and low bid prices of our common stock for the periods indicated below are as follows:
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OTC Bulletin Board(1) | ||
Quarter Ended | High | Low |
December 31, 2008 | $0.17 | $0.03 |
September 30, 2008 | $0.48 | $0.12 |
June 30, 2008 | $0.77 | $0.35 |
March 31, 2008 | $1.55 | $0.40 |
December 31, 2007 (2) | $1.99 | $1.05 |
September 30, 2007 | N/A | N/A |
June 30, 2007 | N/A | N/A |
March 31, 2007 | N/A | N/A |
(1) |
OTC Bulletin Board quotations reflect inter-dealer prices without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission, and may not represent actual transactions. Our common shares are issued in registered form. The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, LLC (Telephone: (718) 921- 8521; Facsimile: (718) 765-8742). | |
(2) |
Our common shares were approved for quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board on April 16, 2007. The first trade of our stock on the OTC Bulletin Board as indicated on Yahoo Finance occurred on October 9, 2007. |
On April 3, 2009, the shareholders list of our common shares showed 14 registered shareholders and 22,859,689 shares outstanding.
Dividend Policy
No cash dividends have been paid by our company on our common stock. We anticipate that our companys future earnings will be retained to finance the continuing development of our business. The payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our companys board of directors and will depend upon, among other things, future earnings, any contractual restrictions, the success of business activity, regulatory and corporate law requirements and the general financial condition of our company.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities incurred by Pantera prior to the merger and change of control with ESP Resources
(All share amounts, number of shares and per share amounts in this section are pre-split)
On February 25, 2008, we entered into a subscription agreement with Trius Energy, LLC, of which Scott Tyson is a significant shareholder, whereby we agreed to issue 1,200,000 shares of our common stock for aggregate proceeds of $720,000.
On April 3, 2008, we entered into a subscription agreement with one accredited investor, whereby we agreed to issue 1,111,111 units for gross proceeds of $500,000, pursuant to a private placement subscription agreement. Each unit is comprised of one common share and one common share purchase warrant. Each warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase an additional common share at $0.75 per share up to April 3, 2009 and at $1.00 per share from April 4, 2009 to April 3, 2010. The units were issued relying on Section 4(2) and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act of 1933.
Between August 11 and August 18, 2008, the Company completed three private placements for a total of 1,750,000 units at $0.20 per unit for gross proceeds of $350,000. Each unit is comprised of one common share in the capital of the Company and oil and gas net revenue interests in the Baker 80 lease (the Property) as follows:
i) |
the subscriber shall receive 51% of the Companys net revenue interests in the Property, defined as up to the amount that is equal to 150% of the gross amount paid by the subscriber for the private placement, pro rata based on the percentage of the amount subscribed as compared to the total proceeds in aggregate of the private placement; and, | |
ii) |
thereafter, on the condition the private placement closes $2,500,000 in total proceeds in aggregate, the subscriber shall receive 8% of the Companys net revenue interests in the Property pro rata based on the percentage of the amount subscribed as compared to the total proceeds in aggregate of the private placement, |
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Equity Compensation Plan Information
We currently do not have any stock option or equity compensation plans or arrangements.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Other than as set out below, we did not purchase any of our shares of common stock or other securities during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.
In connection with Peter Hughes resignation as the secretary and a director of our company, on February 26, 2008, we entered into a return to treasury agreement with Peter Hughes, whereby Mr. Hughes agreed to return 27,000,000 shares of our common stock which he held to the treasury of our company for the sole purpose of our company retiring such shares.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following financial data is derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, the Financial Statements and notes thereto. Information concerning significant trends in the financial condition and results of operations is contained in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Selected Historical Data
December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||
Total Assets | $ | 2,507,099 | $ | 813,491 | ||
Total Liabilities | $ | 1,448,780 | $ | 1,226,228 | ||
Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | $ | 1,058,319 | $ | (412,737 | ) | |
Net Working Capital (Deficit) | $ | (106,792 | ) | $ | 121,696 | |
Revenues | $ | 1,977,861 | $ | 697,122 | ||
Operating Expenses | $ | 2,020,198 | $ | 1,073,882 | ||
Net Loss | $ | (115,283 | ) | $ | (412,312 | ) |
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward Looking Statements
The information contained in Item 7 contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Actual results may materially differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain risks and uncertainties set forth in this report. Although management believes that the assumptions made and expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, there is no assurance that the underlying assumptions will, in fact, prove to be correct or that actual results will not be different from expectations expressed in this report.
We desire to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This filing contains a number of forward-looking statements which reflect managements current views and expectations with respect to our business, strategies, products, future results and events, and financial performance. All statements made in this filing other than statements of historical fact, including statements addressing operating performance, events, or developments which management expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future, including statements related to distributor channels, volume growth, revenues, profitability, new products, adequacy of funds from operations, statements expressing general optimism about future operating results, and non-historical information, are forward looking statements. In particular, the words believe, expect, intend, anticipate, estimate, may, variations of such words, and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements, and their absence does not mean that the statement is not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including those discussed below. Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from historical results
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as well as those expressed in, anticipated, or implied by these forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to revise these forward-looking statements to reflect any future events or circumstances.
Readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are based on managements current expectations and projections about future events, are not guarantees of future performance, are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions (including those described below), and apply only as of the date of this filing. Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from the results expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Factors which could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, the risks to be discussed in our Annual Report on form 10-K and in the press releases and other communications to shareholders issued by us from time to time which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors which may affect our business. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Use of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) Financial Measures
We use GAAP financial measures in the section of this report captioned "Managements Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operation" (MD&A). All of the GAAP financial measures used by us in this report relate to the inclusion of financial information. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report. All references to dollar amounts in this section are in United States dollars unless expressly stated otherwise. Please see our Risk Factors for a list of our risk factors.
Overview
This subsection of MD&A provides an overview of the important factors that management focuses on in evaluating our businesses, financial condition and operating performance, our overall business strategy and our earnings for the periods covered.
Result of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2008 as Compared to Year ended December 31, 2007
The following table summarizes the results of our operations during year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and
provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) from the year ended December 31, 2008 to the year ended December 31, 2007.
Year Ended December 31, | Increase | % Increase | ||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | (Decrease) | (Decrease) | |||||||||
Revenue | $ | 1,977,861 | $ | 697,122 | $ | 1,280,739 | 184% | |||||
Cost of Goods Sold | 1,223,356 | 644,985 | 578,371 | 90% | ||||||||
Gross Profit | 754,505 | 52,137 | 702,368 | 1,347% | ||||||||
Total General and | ||||||||||||
Administrative Expenses | 802,501 | 428,897 | 373,446 | 87% | ||||||||
Loss from Operation | (42,337 | ) | (377,189 | ) | (334,852 | ) | (89 | )% | ||||
Total Other Income | ||||||||||||
(expense) | (72,946 | ) | (35,552 | ) | 5,877 | 17% | ||||||
Net loss | $ | (115,283 | ) | $ | (412,312 | ) | (297,029 | ) | (72 | )% | ||
Revenues
Sales revenue increased from $697,122 for the year ended December 31, 2007 to $1,977,861 for the same period of 2008, an increase of $1,280,739. The increase was due to several factors. We commenced operations of ESPPI during the second quarter of 2007;therefore, we did not have a full year of operations in ESPPI in 2007. The customer base of ESPPI
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expanded during 2008 due to increased sales coverage in the Southern Louisiana and East Texas regions. ESPPI increased sales volume to several of our existing customers through supply of additional petrochemical products at the customer wellsites in 2008..
Cost of goods sold and gross profit
Cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $1,223,356, an increase of $578,371 or 90% compared to $644,985 over the same period in 2007. The increase in cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to that of 2007 was a result of the increased sales revenue for 2008 and the fact that ESPPI did not commence operations until the second quarter of 2007.
Our gross profit increased $702,368, or 1,347%, to $754,505 for theyear ended December 31, 2008 from $52,137 during the same period in 2007. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 38% for the year ended December 31, 2008, an increase of 31% from 7% during the same period in 2007. Such increase was mainly contributed by economies of increased purchases of raw materials on a per unit basis used in our blending operations and a greater efficiency in the service of our company delivery team resulting in a reduction in our service delivery cost.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased from $428,897 in the year ended December 31, 2007 to $802,501 in the same period of 2008, representing an increase of $373,446 or 87%. The increase in general and administrative expenses in the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to that of 2007 was primarily due to the increase in staff , an increase in facility rental cost as ESPPI moved into a larger rental facility in 2008 to accommodate the increase in sales and staff, an increase in travel costs associated with expansion of our customer base and direct sales efforts and the fact that ESPPI did not commence operations until the second quarter of 2007.
Net loss
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $(115,283), representing a decrease of $297,029 compared to a loss of $(412,312) for the same period in 2007. The decrease in the net loss was mainly due to the increase in revenue and improved gross profit as a percentage of revenue.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had $27,367 of cash and cash equivalents as compared to $132,823 as of December 31, 2007.
Cash Flow
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||
Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (233,829 | ) | $ | (407,114 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (4,626 | ) | $ | (25,378 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 132,999 | $ | 565,211 | ||
Net increase (decrease) in cash | $ | (105,456 | ) | $ | 132,721 |
Cash outflows from operations during the year ended December 31, 2008 amounted to $233,829 as compared to net cash outflows from operations of $407,114 in the same period of 2007. The decrease in cash outflow was due primarily to the decrease in net loss and increase in accounts payable.
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Our cash outflows used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2008 amounted to $4,626 as compared to $25,378 in the same period of 2007. Cash outflows for the change in restricted cash decreased from $17,855 for the year ended December 31, 2008 to $5,221 for the same period of 2007. In addition, cash received from mergers increased from $7,924 in 2007 to $13,260 in 2008.
Our cash inflows from financing activities amounted to $132,999 in the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $565,211 in the same period of 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we received a loan from an investor in the amount of $700,000.
Working Capital
As of December 31, 2008, the working capital of the Company was a deficit of $106,792. We will require additional funds to implement our growth strategy. To date, we have had negative cash flows from operations and we have been dependent on sales of our equity securities and debt financing to meet our cash requirements. We expect this situation to continue for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will have negative cash flows during the next twelve months. Funds may be raised through equity financing, debt financing, or other sources, which may result in further dilution in the equity ownership of our shares. There is still no assurance that we will be able to maintain operations at a level sufficient for an investor to obtain a return on his investment in our common stock. Further, we may continue to be unprofitable.
On October 10, 2008 we terminated the equity financing agreement dated February 12, 2008 between our company and FTS Financial Investments Ltd. Both the termination and the original agreement occurred prior to our reverse merger with ESP Resources, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and, therefore, the FTS equity financing agreement and termination is not reflected in our financial statements. We terminated the agreement upon receipt of notice from FTS Financial Investments informing our company that FTS Financial Investments would be unable to comply with our drawdown notice dated September 26, 2008, delivered pursuant to the terms of the agreement, due to the downturn in the financial markets. Pursuant to Section 7.01 of the agreement, our company could terminate the agreement at any time. As at December 31, 2008, no shares were issued under the February 12, 2008 equity financing agreement
Cash Requirements
Our plan of operations for the next 12 months involves the exploration of our oil and gas investments, the growth of our petrochemical business through the expansion of regional sales, and the research and development of new chemical and analytical services in areas of waste remediation, water treatment and specialty biodegradable cleaning compounds. As of December 31, 2008, our company had cash of $27,367 and a working capital deficit of $106,792.
We estimate that our general operating expenses for the next twelve month period to include at least $3,000,000for exploration expenses and $420,000 for professional fees and general and administrative expenses for a total estimated funding of at least $3,420,000. Estimated operating expenses include provisions for consulting fees, salaries, travel, telephone, office rent, and ongoing legal, accounting, and audit expenses to comply with our reporting responsibilities as a public company under the United States Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
We will require additional funds to continue our operations and implement our growth strategy in exploration operations. To date, we have had negative cash flows from operations and we have been dependent on sales of our equity securities and debt financing to meet our cash requirements. We expect this situation to continue for the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will have negative cash flows during the next twelve month period. These funds may be raised through equity financing, debt financing, or other sources, which may result in further dilution in the equity ownership of our shares. There is still no assurance that we will be able to maintain operations at a level sufficient for an investor to obtain a return on his investment in our common stock. Further, we may continue to be unprofitable.
We incurred a net loss of $115,283 for the year ended December 31, 2008. As indicated above, we anticipate that our projected operating expenses for the next twelve months will be $3,420,000. We will be required to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities or through debt financing in order to carry-out our plan of operations for the next twelve month period. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in raising the required capital or that actual cash requirements will not exceed our estimates.
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Given that we have had limited revenues to date, our cash requirements are subject to numerous contingencies and risk factors beyond our control, including operation and acquisition risks, competition from well-funded competitors, and our ability to manage growth. We can offer no assurance that our company will generate cash flow sufficient to achieve profitable operations or that our expenses will not exceed our projections. If our expenses exceed estimates, we will require additional monies during the next twelve months to execute our business plan.
There are no assurances that we will be able to obtain funds required for our continued operation. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to us when needed or, if available, that it can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms. If we are not able to obtain additional financing on a timely basis, we will not be able to meet our other obligations as they become due and we will be forced to scale down or perhaps even cease the operation of our business.
Going Concern
Due to our net losses, negative cash flow and negative working capital, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008, our independent auditors included an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We have historically incurred losses, and through December 31, 2008 have incurred losses of $(530,020) since our inception. Because of these historical losses, we will require additional working capital to develop our business operations. We intend to raise additional working capital through private placements, public offerings, bank financing and/or advances from related parties or shareholder loans.
Our investments in Aurora Petroleos SA, Boreal Petroleos SA, our joint venture with Trius Energy, LLC are dependent on the efforts of others for the development of well sites and the generation of cash flow. There is not guaranty that those investments will not suffer material setbacks or will ever become productive. For example, the Block 83 84 Project JV that is under the joint venture with Trius Energy, LLC experienced a well-head blowout on November 12, 2008, which has delayed the development of that well. If the parties responsible for the development of such projects are unsuccessful in the development of those properties, the Company will lose its investments in those projects
The continuation of our business is dependent upon obtaining further financing and achieving a break even or profitable level of operations. The issuance of additional equity securities by us could result in a significant dilution in the equity interests of our current or future stockholders. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, will increase our liabilities and future cash commitments.
There are no assurances that we will be able to achieve a level of revenues adequate to generate sufficient cash flow from operations. To the extent that funds generated from operations and any private placements, public offerings and/or bank financing are insufficient, we will have to raise additional working capital. No assurance can be given that additional financing will be available, or if available, will be on terms acceptable to us. If adequate working capital is not available we may not increase our operations.
These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset carrying amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.
Subsequent Events
On January 27, 2009, subsequent to the date of this report, we effected a one (1) for twenty (20) reverse stock split of the common stock of the Company and received a new ticker symbol. The name change and reverse stock split became effective with the OTC Bulletin Board at the opening of trading on January 27, 2009 under the new symbol ESPI. Our new CUSIP number is 26913L104. The Company plans to file an 8K/A shortly with a more in-depth description of the combined company.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Our company has no outstanding derivative financial instruments, off-balance sheet guarantees, interest rate swap transactions or foreign currency contracts. Our company does not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts.
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Application of Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying disclosures of our company. Although these estimates are based on managements knowledge of current events and actions that our company may undertake in the future, actual results may differ from such estimates.
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share
We report basic loss per share in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 128, Earnings Per Share. Basic loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share are computed similar to basic income (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of common stock equivalents (primarily outstanding options and warrants). Common stock equivalents represent the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of the outstanding stock options and warrants, at either the beginning of the respective period presented or the date of issuance, whichever is later, and only if the common stock equivalents are considered dilutive based upon our net income (loss) position at the calculation date. Diluted loss per share has not been provided as it would be antidilutive.
Inventory
Inventory represents raw and blended chemicals and other items valued at the lower of cost or market with cost determined using the first-in first-out method, and with market defined as the lower of replacement cost or realizable value.
Property and equipment
Property and equipment of the Company is stated at cost. Expenditures for property and equipment which substantially increase the useful lives of existing assets are capitalized at cost and depreciated. Routine expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation is provided principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives ranging from five to seven years for financial reporting purposes.
Investments
Investments in companies and joint ventures where no significant influence exists are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The investments are assessed for impairment when it appears the amount may not be recovered.
Oil and Gas Properties
We follow the full cost method of accounting for oil and gas operations whereby all costs of exploring for and developing oil and gas reserves are initially capitalized on a country-by-country (cost centre) basis. Such costs include land acquisition costs, geological and geophysical expenses, carrying charges on non-producing properties, costs of drilling and overhead charges directly related to acquisition and exploration activities.
Costs capitalized, together with the costs of production equipment, will be depleted and amortized on the unit-of-production method based on the estimated gross proved reserves. Petroleum products and reserves are converted to a common unit of measure, using 6 MCF of natural gas to one barrel of oil.
Costs of acquiring and evaluating unproved properties are initially excluded from depletion calculations. These unevaluated properties are assessed periodically to ascertain whether impairment has occurred. When proved reserves are assigned or the property is considered to be impaired, the cost of the property or the amount of the impairment is added to costs subject to depletion calculations.
If capitalized costs, less related accumulated amortization and deferred income taxes, exceed the full cost ceiling the excess is expensed in the period when such excess occurs. The full cost ceiling is determined based on the present value of estimated future net revenues attributed to proved reserves, using current prices less estimated future expenditures plus the lower of cost and fair value of unproven properties within the cost centre.
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Future net cash flows from proved reserves using period-end, non-escalated prices and costs are discounted to present value and compared to the carrying value of oil and gas properties.
Proceeds from a sale of petroleum and natural gas properties are applied against capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized, unless such a sale would alter the rate of depletion by more than 25%. Royalties paid net of any tax credits received are netted with oil and gas sales.
Asset Retirement Obligations
We recognize the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the year in which it is incurred when a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The carrying amount of the related long-lived asset is increased by the same amount as the liability.
Changes in the liability for an asset retirement obligation due to the passage of time will be measured by applying an interest method of allocation. The amount will be recognized as an increase in the liability and an accretion expense in the statement of operations. Changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows are recognized as an increase or a decrease in the carrying amount of the liability for an asset retirement obligation and the related asset retirement cost capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. At December 31, 2008, our company had no asset retirement obligations as we recently entered into a new development stage.
Environmental Costs
Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations, and which do not contribute to current or future revenue generation, are expensed. Liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable, and the cost can be reasonably estimated. Generally, the timing of these accruals coincides with the earlier of completion of a feasibility study or our companys commitments to a plan of action based on the then known facts.
As at December 31, 2008, we have not incurred any environmental expenditures.
Financial Instruments
The carrying value of our financial instruments consisting of cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and due to related parties approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments. Loan payable is carried at cost plus accrued interest and the carrying value is equal to the fair value. Unless otherwise noted, it is managements opinion that our company is not exposed to significant interest, currency or credit risks arising from these financial instruments.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. This Statement defines fair value as used in numerous accounting pronouncements, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosure related to the use of fair value measures in financial statements. The Company adopted SFAS No. 157 as of January 1, 2008. The adoption of this Statement had no impact on its financial position or results of operations.
On February 15, 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This Statement establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between companies that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. The Company adopted SFAS No. 159 as of January 1, 2008. The adoption of this Statement had no impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 160, "Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - an amendment ofARB No. 51 ". This statement improves the relevance, comparability, and transparency of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in its consolidated financial statements by establishing accounting and reporting standards that require; the ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent and the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the non-controlling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statement of income, changes in a parent's ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling financial interest in its subsidiary be accounted for consistently, when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any retained non-controlling equity investment in the former subsidiary be initially measured at fair value,
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entities provide sufficient disclosures that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the non-controlling owners. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15,2008. Early adoption is prohibited. The adoption ofthis statement is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, "Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment ofFASB Statement No. 133" (SFAS 161). This statement is intended to improve transparency in financial reporting by requiring enhanced disclosures of an entity's derivative instruments and hedging activities and their effects on the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS 161 applies to all derivative instruments within the scope of SFAS 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" (SFAS 133) as well as related hedged items, bifurcated derivatives, and non-derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments.
Entities with instruments subject to SFAS 161 must provide more robust qualitative disclosures and expanded quantitative disclosures. SFAS 161 is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application permitted. We are currently evaluating the· disclosure implications of this statement.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, (SFAS No. 162), which identifies a consistent framework for selecting accounting principles to be used in preparing financial statements for nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The current GAAP hierarchy was criticized due to its complexity, ranking position of FASB Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts and the fact that it is directed at auditors rather than entities. SFAS No. 162 will be effective 60 days following the United States Securities and Exchange Commissions (SECs) approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The FASB does not expect that SFAS No. 162 will result in a change in current practice, and the Company does not believe that SFAS 162 will have an impact on operating results, financial position or cash flows.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141(R)). SFAS No. 141(R) replaces SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations, however it retains the fundamental requirements that the acquisition method of accounting be used for all business combinations and for an acquirer to be identified for each business combination. SFAS No. 141(R) requires an acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, be measured at their fair values as of that date, with specified limited exceptions. Changes subsequent to that date are to be recognized in earnings, not goodwill. Additionally, SFAS No. 141 (R) requires costs incurred in connection with an acquisition be expensed as incurred. Restructuring costs, if any, are to be recognized separately from the acquisition. The acquirer in a business combination achieved in stages must also recognize the identifiable assets and liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, at the full amounts of their fair values. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective for business combinations occurring in fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company will apply the requirements of SFAS No. 141(R) upon its adoption on January 1, 2009 and is currently evaluating whether SFAS No. 141(R) will have an impact on its financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 163, "Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 60." Diversity exists in practice in accounting for financial guarantee insurance contracts by insurance enterprises under FASB Statement No. 60, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises. This results in inconsistencies in the recognition and measurement of claim liabilities. This Statement requires that an insurance enterprise recognize a claim liability prior to an event of default (insured event) when there is evidence that credit deterioration has occurred in an insured financial obligation. This Statement requires expanded disclosures about financial guarantee insurance contracts. The accounting and disclosure requirements of the Statement will improve the quality of information provided to users of financial statements. SFAS 163 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15,2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of FASB 163 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITIATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 229.10(f)(1) and are not required to provide the information required by this Item.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Our financial statements are stated in United States dollars and are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles.
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It is the opinion of management that the audited financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 include all adjustments necessary in order to ensure that the audited financial statements are not misleading.
The following financial statements are filed as part of this annual report:
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors
ESP Resources, Inc.
Scott,
Louisiana
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of ESP Resources, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2008, and the consolidated statements of operations, stockholders deficit, and cash flows for the year then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2008, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, The Company has incurred losses through December 31, 2008 and at December 31, 2008 had negative working capital. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to this matter are also described in Note 2. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
/s/Malone & Bailey, PC
www.malone-bailey.com
Houston, Texas
April 15, 2009
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors of:
ESP Resources, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of ESP Resources, Inc. and Subsidiary (the Company) as of December 31, 2007, and the related consolidated statement of operations, changes in stockholders deficit and cash flow for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly in all material respects, the financial position of ESP Resources, Inc. as of December 31, 2007 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note B to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has a net loss of $412,312, a negative cash flow from operations of $407,112, a working capital deficiency of $121,696 and a stockholders' deficiency of $412,737. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans concerning these matters are also described in Note B. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
WEBB & COMPANY, P.A.
Certified Public
Accountants
Boynton Beach, Florida
April 7, 2009
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ESP Resources, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2008
ASSETS | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||
CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 27,367 | $ | 132,823 | ||
Accounts receivable, net | 450,882 | 185,804 | ||||
Inventories, net | 221,575 | 147,015 | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 101,904 | 5,224 | ||||
Total current assets | 801,728 | 470,866 | ||||
Property and equipment, net | 285,293 | 301,267 | ||||
Oil and gas properties, unproven | 1,067,381 | - | ||||
Note receivable, net of allowance of $402,000 and $-, respectively | 278,371 | - | ||||
Other assets | 74,326 | 41,358 | ||||
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 2,507,099 | $ | 813,491 | ||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) | ||||||
CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 279,522 | $ | 112,749 | ||
Factoring payable | 226,868 | 165,146 | ||||
Accrued expenses | 106,446 | 13,447 | ||||
Due to related parties | 76,100 | 100 | ||||
Current maturities of long-term debt | 219,584 | 57,728 | ||||
Total current liabilities | 908,520 | 349,170 | ||||
Loan from investor | 100,000 | 700,000 | ||||
Long-term debt (less current maturities) | 367,431 | 177,058 | ||||
Capital lease obligations | 35,829 | - | ||||
Deferred lease cost | 37,000 | - | ||||
Total liabilities | 1,448,780 | 1,226,228 | ||||
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) | ||||||
Common stock - $0.001 par value; 1,200,000,000 shares authorized, | ||||||
19,206,429 and 14,634,146 shares issued and outstanding, | ||||||
respectively | 19,206 | 14,634 | ||||
Additional paid-in capital | 1,570,133 | (11,634 | ) | |||
Subscription receivable | (1,000 | ) | (1,000 | ) | ||
Accumulated deficit | (530,020 | ) | (414,737 | ) | ||
Total stockholders' equity (deficit) | 1,058,319 | (412,737 | ) | |||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) | $ | 2,507,099 | $ | 813,491 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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ESP Resources, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of
Operations
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
For the year ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||
SALES, NET | $ | 1,977,861 | $ | 697,122 | ||
COST OF GOODS SOLD | 1,223,356 | 644,985 | ||||
GROSS PROFIT | 754,505 | 52,137 | ||||
General and administrative | 802,501 | 428,897 | ||||
Depreciation | 25,858 | - | ||||
Loss (gain) on sale of assets | (31,517 | ) | 429 | |||
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | (42,337 | ) | (377,189 | ) | ||
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES) | ||||||
Interest Expense | (14,985 | ) | (4,920 | ) | ||
Factoring Fees | (57,038 | ) | (29,979 | ) | ||
Interest Income | 433 | 37 | ||||
Other expense | (1,356 | ) | (261 | ) | ||
Total Other Income (Expenses) | (72,946 | ) | (35,123 | ) | ||
NET LOSS | $ | (115,283 | ) | $ | (412,312 | ) |
NET LOSS PER SHARE Basic and diluted | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) |
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING - | ||||||
Basic and diluted | 14,792,007 | 12,859,338 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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ESP Resources, Inc.
Statement of Stockholders
Equity (Deficit)
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
Additional | ||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | Paid-in | Subscription | Accumulated | |||||||||||||||
Number * | Par Value | Capital | Receivable | Deficit | Total | |||||||||||||
Balance, January 1, 2007 | 10,731,707 | $ | 10,732 | $ | (8,732 | ) | $ | - | $ | (2,425 | ) | $ | (425 | ) | ||||
Acquisition of ESP Petrochemicals | 3,902,439 | 3,902 | (2,902 | ) | (1,000 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||
Net loss for the period | - | - | - | - | (412,312 | ) | (412,312 | ) | ||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2007 | 14,634,146 | 14,634 | (11,634 | ) | (1,000 | ) | (414,737 | ) | (412,737 | ) | ||||||||
Forgiveness of note payable to related | ||||||||||||||||||
party | - | - | 685,000 | - | - | 685,000 | ||||||||||||
Shares retained by Pantera | ||||||||||||||||||
shareholders in reverse merger | 4,572,283 | 4,572 | 896,767 | - | - | 901,339 | ||||||||||||
Net loss for period | - | - | - | (115,283 | ) | (115,283 | ) | |||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2008 | 19,206,429 | $ | 19,206 | $ | 1,570,133 | $ | (1,000 | ) | $ | (530,020 | ) | $ | 1,058,319 |
* |
The common stock issued has been retroactively restated to reflect the one for twenty reverse stock split which was effective January 27, 2009. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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ESP Resources, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of
Cash Flow
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
Year ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||
CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||
Net loss | $ | (115,283 | ) | $ | (412,312 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating | ||||||
activities | ||||||
Depreciation | 78,715 | 39,208 | ||||
Allowance for uncollectible accounts | - | 65,243 | ||||
Loss on disposal of fixed assets | 31,517 | 429 | ||||
Write off of related party receivable | (30,000 | ) | - | |||
Change in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||
Accounts receivable | (265,445 | ) | 80,856 | |||
Inventory | (74,560 | ) | (96,896 | ) | ||
Prepaid expenses | (79,068 | ) | 7,946 | |||
Other assets | (5,747 | ) | - | |||
Accounts payable | 125,329 | (68,682 | ) | |||
Accrued expenses | 84,068 | (22,906 | ) | |||
Accrued expenses related parties | 16,646 | - | ||||
Net cash used in operating activities | (233,829 | ) | (407,114 | ) | ||
CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||
Cash received from merger, net | 13,260 | 7,924 | ||||
Restricted cash | (5,221 | ) | (17,855 | ) | ||
Purchase of property and equipment | (12,665 | ) | (15,447 | ) | ||
Net cash used in investing activities | (4,626 | ) | (25,378 | ) | ||
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||
Bank overdraft | - | (9,048 | ) | |||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | - | 2,000 | ||||
Net borrowing on factoring line of credit | 61,722 | - | ||||
Borrowing on notes payable | 76,432 | - | ||||
Repayment of notes payable | (90,155 | ) | (93,699 | ) | ||
Loan from investor | 85,000 | 700,000 | ||||
Loan payable related party | - | (34,042 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 132,999 | 565,211 | ||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash during the period | (105,456 | ) | 132,721 | |||
Cash, beginning of the period | 132,823 | 100 | ||||
Cash, end of the period | $ | 27,367 | $ | 132,821 | ||
Non-cash investing and financing transactions: | ||||||
Shares issued for assets in reverse merger | $ | 901,339 | $ | - | ||
Forgiveness of debt to related party | $ | 685,000 | $ | - | ||
Leasehold improvements | $ | 40,000 | $ | - | ||
Lease of equipment | $ | 41,591 | $ | - |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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ESP Resources, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements
December 31, 2008
Note 1 Basis of Presentation, Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
ESP Resources, Inc. (ESP Nevada, and collectively with its subsidiaries, the Company) (formerly Pantera Petroleum, Inc.) was incorporated in Nevada on October 27, 2004. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ESP Resources, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, ESP Petrochemicals, Inc. and ESP Resources, Inc. (ESP Delaware). All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.
Nature of the Business
The Companys current business is the acquisition and exploration of oil and gas properties in North and South America. ESP Delaware, which was incorporated in Delaware in November, 2006, was formed as a holding company for ESP Petrochemicals, Inc. On June 15, 2007, ESP Delaware acquired all of the stock of ESP Petrochemicals Inc. ESP Petrochemicals Inc was incorporated in Louisiana on November 7, 2006 and sells and blends chemicals for use in the oil and gas industry to customers primarily located in the Gulf of Mexico and Gulf States region.
Reverse Merger
On December 29, 2008, the Company closed an Agreement for Share Exchange with ESP Delaware and ESP Enterprises, Inc. (Enterprises), a Colorado corporation and the sole shareholder of ESP Delaware (Enterprises) whereby the Company acquired 100% ownership of ESP Delaware in exchange for 14,634,146 shares of common stock of the Company which represented approximately 76% of the Company. Immediately prior to the share exchange, the Company had 4,572,283 shares issued and outstanding.
Due to the change in control of the Company this transaction was accounted for as a reverse merger in accordance with SFAS No. 141 whereby ESP Delaware was considered the accounting acquirer. Prior to this acquisition, the Company did not meet the definition of a business under GAAP and therefore recapitalization accounting was followed. The net assets of ESP Nevada were recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition, which approximated their carrying value. The go-forward financial statements presented herein are those of ESP Delaware. The results of operations of ESP Nevada are included from the date of the acquisition forward. Net assets acquired were as follows:
Cash | $ | 13,260 | ||
Notes receivable | 278,004 | |||
Property and equipment | 2,536 | |||
Unproven Oil & Gas properties | 1,067,382 | |||
Prepaid expenses | 16,102 | |||
Deposit | 1,510 | |||
Related party debt | (67,354 | ) | ||
Liabilities assumed | (49,911 | ) | ||
Notes payable, net | (360,190 | ) | ||
Net assets acquired | $ | 901,339 |
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The statements at December 31, 2008 include ESP Nevada, ESP Delaware and ESP Petrochemicals Inc. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents at December 31, 2008 or 2007.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company generally does not require collateral, and the majority of its trade receivables are unsecured. The carrying amount for accounts receivable approximates fair value.
Accounts receivable consisted of the following as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:
2008 | 2007 | |||||
Trade receivables | $ | 450,882 | $ | 185,804 | ||
Receivable Peak | - | 65,243 | ||||
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | - | (65,243 | ) | |||
Net accounts receivable | $ | 450,882 | $ | 185,804 |
Accounts receivable are periodically evaluated for collectability based on past credit history with clients. Provisions for losses on accounts receivable are determined on the basis of loss experience, known and inherent risk in the account balance and current economic conditions. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recorded a provision for doubtful accounts of $- and $65,243, respectively.
Inventory
Inventory represents raw and blended chemicals and other items valued at the lower of cost or market with cost determined using the first-in first-out method, and with market defined as the lower of replacement cost or realizable value.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, inventory consisted of the following:
2008 | 2007 | |||||
Raw materials | $ | 178,828 | $ | 111,157 | ||
Finished goods | 42,747 | 35,858 | ||||
Total inventory | $ | 221,575 | $ | 147,015 |
Investments
Investments in companies and joint ventures where no significant influence exists are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The investments are assessed for impairment when it appears the amount may not be recovered.
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Property and equipment
Property and equipment of the Company is stated at cost. Expenditures for property and equipment which substantially increase the useful lives of existing assets are capitalized at cost and depreciated. Routine expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation is provided principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives ranging from five to seven years for financial reporting purposes.
Oil and Gas Properties
The Company follows the full cost method of accounting for oil and gas operations whereby all costs of exploring for and developing oil and gas reserves are initially capitalized on a country-by-country (cost centre) basis. Such costs include land acquisition costs, geological and geophysical expenses, carrying charges on non-producing properties, costs of drilling and overhead charges directly related to acquisition and exploration activities.
Costs capitalized, together with the costs of production equipment, will be depleted and amortized on the unit-of-production method based on the estimated gross proved reserves. Petroleum products and reserves are converted to a common unit of measure, using 6 MCF of natural gas to one barrel of oil.
Costs of acquiring and evaluating unproved properties are initially excluded from depletion calculations. These unevaluated properties are assessed periodically to ascertain whether impairment has occurred. When proved reserves are assigned or the property is considered to be impaired, the cost of the property or the amount of the impairment is added to costs subject to depletion calculations.
If capitalized costs, less related accumulated amortization and deferred income taxes, exceed the full cost ceiling the excess is expensed in the period when such excess occurs. The full cost ceiling is determined based on the present value of estimated future net revenues attributed to proved reserves, using current prices less estimated future expenditures plus the lower of cost and fair value of unproven properties within the cost center.
Future net cash flows from proved reserves using period-end, non-escalated prices and costs are discounted to present value and compared to the carrying value of oil and gas properties.
Proceeds from a sale of petroleum and natural gas properties are applied against capitalized costs, with no gain or loss recognized, unless such a sale would alter the rate of depletion by more than 25%. Royalties paid net of any tax credits received are netted with oil and gas sales.
Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company recognizes the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the year in which it is incurred when a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The carrying amount of the related long-lived asset is increased by the same amount as the liability.
Changes in the liability for an asset retirement obligation due to the passage of time will be measured by applying an interest method of allocation. The amount will be recognized as an increase in the liability and an accretion expense in the statement of operations. Changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows are recognized as an increase or a decrease in the carrying amount of the liability for an asset retirement obligation and the related asset retirement cost capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. At December 31, 2008, no asset retirement obligation was required to be recorded.
Income Taxes
The Company uses the assets and liability method of accounting for income taxes pursuant to SFAS No. 109 Accounting for Income Taxes. Under the assets and liability method of SFAS No. 109, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
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In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN 48). The interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a companys financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. Specifically, the pronouncement prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The interpretation also provides guidance on the related derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting for interim periods, disclosure and transition of uncertain tax positions. The Company adopted this interpretation effective January 1, 2007. The adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material impact on the Companys financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Concentrations
The Company has two major customers that together account for 30% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2008 and two major customers that together account for 56% of the total revenues earned for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Accounts | |||||||
receivable | Revenue | ||||||
Customer A | 14% | 39% | |||||
Customer B | 16% | 17% | |||||
30% | 56% |
The Company has two vendors that accounted for 71% of purchases (Vendor A: 48%; Vendor B: 23%) for the year ended December 31, 2008.
The company has four major customers that together account for 83% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2007 and three major customers that together account for 70% of the total revenues earned for the year then ended, as follows:
Accounts | |||||||
Receivable | Revenue | ||||||
CustomerA | 28% | 19% | |||||
CustomerB | 22% | ||||||
CustomerC | 18% | ||||||
CustomerD | 15% | 40% | |||||
CustomerE | 11% | ||||||
83% | 70% |
The Company has three vendors that together accounted for 77% of purchases (Vendor A: 44%; Vendor B: 18%; Vendor C: 15%) for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to $100,000. From time to time, the Companys cash balances exceeded FDIC insured limits. In October 2008, the Federal government temporarily increased the FDIC insured limits up to a maximum of $250,000 per depositor until December 31, 2009, after which time the insured limits will return to $100,000. The Company mitigates this concentration of credit risk by monitoring the credit worthiness of financial institutions and its customers. The Company had no uninsured cash balances at December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2007, the Company had $17,309 of uninsured cash balances.
Revenue and Cost Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of petrochemicals at the time title to the products transfers, the amount is fixed and determinable, evidence of an agreement exists and the customer bears the risk of loss. Amounts
39
billed to customers in sales transactions related to shipping and handling represent revenues earned for the goods provided and are included in sales. Costs of shipping and handling are included in the cost of goods sold.
Advertising
Advertising costs are charged to operations when incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $1,117 and $196, respectively.
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share
The Company reports basic loss per share in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 128, Earnings Per Share. Basic loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share are computed similar to basic income (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of common stock equivalents (primarily outstanding options and warrants). Common stock equivalents represent the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of the outstanding stock options and warrants, at either the beginning of the respective period presented or the date of issuance, whichever is later, and only if the common stock equivalents are considered dilutive based upon the Companys net income (loss) position at the calculation date. Diluted loss per share has not been provided as it would be antidilutive.
Business Segments
The Company operates on one segment and therefore segment information is not presented.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of the companys financial instruments including accounts payable, accrued expenses, and notes payable approximate fair value due to the relative short period for maturity these instruments.
Environmental Costs
Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations, and which do not contribute to current or future revenue generation, are expensed. Liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable, and the cost can be reasonably estimated. Generally, the timing of these accruals coincides with the earlier of completion of a feasibility study or the Companys commitments to a plan of action based on the then known facts.
As of December 31, 2008, there have been no environmental expenses incurred by the Company.
New Accounting Standards
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. This Statement defines fair value as used in numerous accounting pronouncements, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosure related to the use of fair value measures in financial statements. The Company adopted SFAS No. 157 as of January 1, 2008. The adoption of this Statement had no impact on its financial position or results of operations.
On February 15, 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This Statement establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between companies that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. The Company adopted SFAS No. 159 as of January 1, 2008. The adoption of this Statement had no impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 160, "Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements - an amendment ofARB No. 51 ". This statement improves the
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relevance, comparability, and transparency of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in its consolidated financial statements by establishing accounting and reporting standards that require; the ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent and the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the non-controlling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statement of income, changes in a parent's ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling financial interest in its subsidiary be accounted for consistently, when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any retained non-controlling equity investment in the former subsidiary be initially measured at fair value, entities provide sufficient disclosures that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the non-controlling owners. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15,2008. Early adoption is prohibited. The adoption ofthis statement is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, "Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment ofFASB Statement No. 133" (SFAS 161). This statement is intended to improve transparency in financial reporting by requiring enhanced disclosures of an entity's derivative instruments and hedging activities and their effects on the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS 161 applies to all derivative instruments within the scope of SFAS 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" (SFAS 133) as well as related hedged items, bifurcated derivatives, and non-derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments.
Entities with instruments subject to SFAS 161 must provide more robust qualitative disclosures and expanded quantitative disclosures. SFAS 161 is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application permitted. We are currently evaluating the· disclosure implications of this statement.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, (SFAS No. 162), which identifies a consistent framework for selecting accounting principles to be used in preparing financial statements for nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The current GAAP hierarchy was criticized due to its complexity, ranking position of FASB Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts and the fact that it is directed at auditors rather than entities. SFAS No. 162 will be effective 60 days following the United States Securities and Exchange Commissions (SECs) approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The FASB does not expect that SFAS No. 162 will result in a change in current practice, and the Company does not believe that SFAS 162 will have an impact on operating results, financial position or cash flows.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141(R)). SFAS No. 141(R) replaces SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations, however it retains the fundamental requirements that the acquisition method of accounting be used for all business combinations and for an acquirer to be identified for each business combination. SFAS No. 141(R) requires an acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date, be measured at their fair values as of that date, with specified limited exceptions. Changes subsequent to that date are to be recognized in earnings, not goodwill. Additionally, SFAS No. 141 (R) requires costs incurred in connection with an acquisition be expensed as incurred. Restructuring costs, if any, are to be recognized separately from the acquisition. The acquirer in a business combination achieved in stages must also recognize the identifiable assets and liabilities, as well as the noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, at the full amounts of their fair values. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective for business combinations occurring in fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company will apply the requirements of SFAS No. 141(R) upon its adoption on January 1, 2009 and is currently evaluating whether SFAS No. 141(R) will have an impact on its financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 163, "Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 60." Diversity exists in practice in accounting for financial guarantee insurance contracts by insurance enterprises under FASB Statement No. 60, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises. This results in inconsistencies in the recognition and measurement of claim liabilities. This Statement requires that an insurance enterprise recognize a claim liability prior to an event of default (insured event) when
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there is evidence that credit deterioration has occurred in an insured financial obligation. This Statement requires expanded disclosures about financial guarantee insurance contracts. The accounting and disclosure requirements of the Statement will improve the quality of information provided to users of financial statements. SFAS 163 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15,2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of FASB 163 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position.
Note 2 Going Concern
The Company has net losses for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 as well as negative cash flows and negative working capital.
These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
The Company's ability to continue operations will likely require additional capital. The condition raises substantial doubt about the Company to continue as a going concern. We expect cash flows from operating activities to improve, primarily as a result of an increase in revenue, although there can be no assurance thereof. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. If we fail to generate positive cash flow or obtain additional financing, when required, we may have to modify, delay, or abandon some or all of our business and expansion plans.
Note 3 Factoring Payable
On February 2, 2007, the Company entered into a combined account factoring and security agreement with Midsouth Bank, which was renewed on June 20, 2008 and expires April 30, 2009. The Company may obtain advances up to 87 percent of eligible accounts receivable, subject to a three percent factoring fee, and ten percent held in a reserve account, which is released to the Company upon payment of the receivable. The factoring agreement is subject to a revolving line of credit master note, which limits borrowing to $250,000. The line of credit is payable upon demand, or if no demand is paid, with monthly payments of interest at 15%. All outstanding principle plus accrued unpaid interest is due on June 30, 2009. The payment terms of the line of credit will not be enforced while the factoring agreement is in effect. The line of credit is secured by all inventory, accounts, and equipment of the Company and a commercial guarantee of a Company stockholder. The total borrowings under the factoring agreement at December 31, 2008 and 2007 were $226,868 and $165,146, respectively with $22,875 and $17,855 held in a restricted cash reserve account for the same periods both of which are in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Note 4 Property and equipment
Property and equipment includes the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007:
2008 | 2007 | |||||
Plant, property and equipment | $ | 169,680 | $ | 93,037 | ||
Vehicles | 233,538 | 265,596 | ||||
Office furniture and equipment | 8,897 | 10,594 | ||||
412,115 | 369,227 | |||||
Less: accumulated depreciation | (126,822 | ) | (67,960 | ) | ||
Net property and equipment | $ | 285,293 | $ | 301,267 |
Depreciation expense was $24,104 and $39,208 for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Company allocated $52,318 and $ 22,330 of depreciation to cost of goods sold in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Note 5 - Notes receivable and investments
The Company held investments as follows:
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On November 21, 2007 and amended on March 17, 2008, July 30, 2008 and September 9, 2008, our predecessor entity Pantera entered into a share purchase agreement with Artemis Energy PLC (formerly Pantera Oil and Gas PLC) (Artemis), whereby the Company issued 4,000,000 common shares (valued at $4,000) to Artemis and paid $50,000 in consideration for the right to acquire up to 85% of the shares of each of Aurora Petroleos SA (Aurora) and Boreal Petroleos SA (Boreal). The Company advanced an additional $620,710 in cash.
On September 9, 2008, the share purchase agreement was amended as follows:
i) |
Aurora and Boreal, in consideration for cash advances totaling $620,000 and the payment of $50,000 as the partial consideration for the right to acquire up to 85% of the shares of Aurora and Boreal, each issued a five year note bearing interest at 5% for $335,000 and for any additional amounts paid under this agreement. If after the date of this agreement, there occurs a sale, consolidation, amalgamation or merger or the transfer of assets to another entity of Aurora or Boreal which results in either company receiving cash proceeds, then that company will repay each of the Company and Artemis equal payments until the Company and Artemis each receive $221,126 plus accumulated interest, in the case of Aurora and $193,041 plus accumulated interest, in the case of Boreal. Once $221,126 plus accumulated interest, in the case of Aurora, or $193,041 plus accumulated interest, in the case of Boreal, is repaid, then Aurora or Boreal will repay any further amounts that the Company has advanced under these notes. | |
ii) |
Artemis returned 2,600,000 of the 4,000,000 common shares issued by the Company. These shares were subsequently cancelled. | |
iii) |
Artemis issued to the Company options to purchase 27% of the outstanding shares of Aurora and 30% of the outstanding shares of Boreal. The options have a cumulative exercise price of £10 and a term of 30 years commencing on October 13, 2008. The options may only be exercised if the fair value of 27% or 30% of the equity of Aurora and Boreal, respectively, is greater than the debt held by the Company. | |
iv) |
Artemis will issue to the Company additional options to enable the Company to purchase 38% of the outstanding shares of Aurora and 35% of the outstanding shares of Boreal, in exchange for the Company making a payment of $500,000 each on or before April 30, 2009 (Aurora and Boreal Investment Three). On completion of both the Aurora and Boreal Investment Three, the Company will issue to Artemis warrants to purchase 1,200,000 shares of common stock of the Company at $0.27 per share, exercisable for a period of five years from the date of issuance. | |
v) |
Subject to the completion of Aurora and Boreal Investment Three, Artemis will issue to the Company additional options to enable the Company to purchase 20% of the outstanding shares of Aurora and 20% of Boreal, in exchange for the Company making a payment of $1,500,000 each on or before January 10, 2010 (Aurora and Boreal Investment Four). On completion of both the Aurora and Boreal Investment Four, the Company will issue to Artemis warrants to purchase 1,400,000 shares of common stock of the Company at $0.27 per share, exercisable for a period of five years. |
In the event that the Company makes less than the required investment amount to complete any of Aurora or Boreal Investments Three or Four, the Company shall be entitled to receive an option to purchase a portion of the additional percentage of the issued and outstanding shares of Aurora or Boreal pro rata based on the percentage of the amount paid as compared to the total required to be paid.
The notes receivable from Aurora and Boreal have been reduced by valuation allowance of $402,000 based on managements estimate of the collectability of these notes.
Note 6 - Oil And Gas Properties - Unproven
Block 83 and 84 Project, JV
On March 6, 2008, our predecessor entity Pantera purchased a 10% interest in a joint venture formed pursuant to a joint venture agreement dated February 24, 2008 with Trius Energy, LLC, as the managing venturer, and certain other joint venturers, in consideration for $800,000. The joint venture was formed for the purpose of drilling certain
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oil and gas fields in Texas, USA. Upon entering into this agreement, a director of Trius Energy, LLC was appointed as a director of the Company.
Baker 80 Lease
By an agreement dated August 11, 2008, our predecessor entity Pantera agreed to acquire a 95% working interest and 71.25% revenue interest, in the Baker 80 Lease located in Pecos County, Texas (the Property) from Lakehills Production, Inc. (Lakehills) in consideration for $10,000 previously advanced and $726,000 to be paid as follows:
i. |
$150,000 on or before August 11, 2008 15.66% (paid) | |
ii. |
$200,000 on or before August 20, 2008 27.55% (paid) | |
iii. |
$376,000 on or before September 30, 2008 51.79% (not paid) |
In the event that the Company makes less than the required investment amount to complete any of the payments, the Company shall be entitled to receive a percentage of the Property lease assignments per the above described percentages.
The Company had been given an indefinite verbal extension on the payment of the $376,000 to acquire an additional 51.79% . The Companys ownership in the Property will be governed by the drilling program described below.
On October 30, 2008, we entered into and closed the definitive documents for the transaction with Lakehills and a private equity drilling fund (the Investor). Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, we, along with Lakehills, entered into drilling arrangements with the Investor whereby we and Lakehills granted the Investor an exclusive option to fund the drilling, re-entry and completion of certain wells located in the West Gomez field (Baker Ranch) located in Pecos County, Texas. According to the terms of the Agreement, the Investor acquired a 100% working interest in the wells. Upon tie-in of each well, the Investor will own a 95% working interest in such well and the Investor will grant to Lakehills a 5% working interest. The Investors working interest shall remain 95% until such time as the Investor has achieved a 12% internal rate of return from its investment (IRR) in the well. Thereafter, the Investor will grant to us a 5% working interest and the Investors working interest percentage will be reduced to 90% until such time as the Investor has achieved a 20% IRR from its investment in the Well Program. Thereafter, the Investor will grant to us an additional 10% working interest such that our working interest will be 15% and the Investors working interest will be reduced to 80% until such time as the Investor has achieved a 25% IRR from its investment in the Well Program. Thereafter, the Investor will grant to us an additional 6% working interest such that our interest in such Well will be 21% and the Investors working interest will be reduced to 74% accordingly. In all cases, Lakehills working interest will remain at 5%.
The Investor shall receive 100% of the cash flows on the initial well (the Initial Well) until such cash flow received exceeds the $87,190 plus interest represented by a promissory note that we executed in favor of the Investor, which bears interest at 5% per year and is due April 30, 2009. No cash distributions shall be paid to us or to Lakehills until the Note has been paid in full. Upon full payment of the Note, we shall receive 100% of the cash flow from the Initial Well until the aggregate amount of such cash flow received by us totals $350,000. No cash distributions shall be made or otherwise accrue to the Investor or Lakehills during this period. Thereafter, the Investor will receive 50% of the Initial Wells operating cash flow and we will receive 50% of the Initial Wells operating cash flow until each party receives $175,000 (i.e., an aggregate of $350,000). No cash distributions shall be made or otherwise accrue to Lakehills during this period. Thereafter, cash distributions shall be calculated in accordance with the then current working interest ownership percentages associated with the Initial Well as outlined in the paragraph above. The distributions that would otherwise be payable to us pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence shall be paid to the Investor until the aggregate of such distributions paid to the Investor totals $175,000. The first $525,000 of cash flow received by us under the transaction documents shall be used to satisfy its obligations to certain investors under an oil and gas certificate agreement.
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Note 7 Capital Lease Obligation
During March 2008, ESP Petrochemicals leased a forklift from a bank under a capital lease. The economic substance of the lease is that ESP Petrochemicals is financing the acquisition of the asset through the lease, and, accordingly, it is recorded in the Companys assets and liabilities. The lease contains a bargain purchase option at the end of the lease term. The Company included $43,087 for the value of the capital lease and property and equipment.
The following is a schedule of the future minimum payments required under the lease together with their present value as of December 31, 2008:
Amount | ||||
Year ending December 31, 2009 | $ | 9,831 | ||
Year ending December 31, 2010 | 9,831 | |||
Year ending December 31, 2011 | 9,831 | |||
Year ending December 31, 2012 | 9,831 | |||
Year ending December 31, 2013 | 1,261 | |||
Total minimum lease payments | 40,585 | |||
Less: amount representing interest | (4,756 | ) | ||
Present value of minimum lease payments | $ | 35,829 |
Note 8 Long term debt
Long term debt consisted of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007:
2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Note payable to Midsouth Bank dated May 2007. The Note bears interest at 12.0 percent per annum and is payable in monthly installments of $194, maturing May 2012. The note is secured by equipment and deposit accounts. | $ | 6,477 | $ | 7,804 | |||
Note payable to Midsouth Bank dated February 2007. The note bears interest at 12.0 percent per annum and is payable in monthly installments of$ 194, maturing February 2012 The note is secured by equipment and deposit accounts. | 5,292 | 6,508 | |||||
Note payable to FMC dated January 2007. The note bears interest at 2.90 percent per annum and is payable in monthly installments of $945, maturing February 2012. The note is secured by a vehicle. | 34,264 | 44,444 | |||||
Note payable to FMC dated January 2007. The note bears interest at 2.9 percent per annum and is payable in monthly installments of $902 maturing February 2012. The note is secured by a vehicle. | - | 42,457 | |||||
Note Payable to FMC dated January 2007. The note bears interest at 2.90 percent per annum and is payable in monthly installments of $902, maturing February 2012. The note is secured by a vehicle. | 32,734, | 42,457 | |||||
Note payable to FMC dated January 2007. The note bears interest at 2.90 percent per annum and is payable in monthly installments of $925 maturing February 2012. The note is secured by a vehicle. | 33,562 | 43,532 | |||||
Note assumed with vehicle purchase, payable to FMC dated December 2006. The note bears interest at 9.90 percent per annum and is payable in installments of $724, maturing December 2011. The notes is secured by a vehicle | 22,484 | 28,606 |
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Note assumed with vehicle purchase, payable to St. Martin Bank dated December 2005. The note bears interest at 7.10 percent per annum and is payable in installments of $852 maturing In December 2009. The note is secured by a vehicle. | 9,808 | 18,978 | |||||
Unsecured notes payable. The notes bear interest at 5 percent per annum and are due between September 30, 2012 and July 22, 2013 | 273,000 | - | |||||
Promissory note payable in connection with the drilling program. The note bears interest at 5 percent per annum and is due April 30, 2009 | 87,190 | - | |||||
Insurance financing and other short term financing | 82,204 | - | |||||
Total | 587,015 | 234,786 | |||||
Less Current Maturities | (219,584 | ) | (57,728 | ) | |||
Total long-term debt | $ | 367,431 | $ | 177,058 |
Maturities are as follows:
2009 | $219,584 |
2010 | 31,399 |
2011 | 56,263 |
2012 | 79,769 |
thereafter | 200,000 |
Note 9 - Acquisition
On June 15, 2007, ESP purchased all the outstanding shares of ESP Petrochemicals, Inc., a Louisiana corporation for 3,902,439 common shares.
Purchase Price | $ | 800 | |
Cash | $ | 7,924 | |
Accounts receivable | 331,903 | ||
Property and equipment | 325,457 | ||
Inventory | 50,121 | ||
Prepaid expenses | 10,559 | ||
Deposit | 3,503 | ||
Loan to shareholder | 20,000 | ||
Liabilities assumed | (225,036 | ) | |
Notes payable, net | (493,631 | ) | |
Net assets acquired | $ | 800 |
The table below summarizes the unaudited pro forma information of the results of operations as though the acquisition had been completed as of January 1, 2007:
2007 | |||
Gross revenue | $ | 1,259,272 | |
Cost of goods sold | $ | 891,343 | |
Total expenses | 738,185 |
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Other Income (Expense) | (42,056 | ) | |
Net income (loss) before taxes | $ | (412,312 | ) |
Loss per share | $ | (0.03 | ) |
Weighted average shares | 12,859,338 |
Note 10 Income taxes
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
2008 | 2007 | |||||
Deferred tax assets: | $ | 185,000 | $ | 157,417 | ||
Valuation Asset | (185,000 | ) | $ | (157,417 | ) | |
Total Deferred Tax Asset | $ | - | $ | - |
As of December 31, 2008, the Company has a net operating loss carry forward of approximately $500,000 available to offset future taxable income through 2028. The valuation allowance was $185,000 at December 31, 2008. The net change in the valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2008 was an increase of $27,583.
Note 11 Stockholders Equity
On December 15, 2008, ESP Enterprises Inc, (formerly the sole shareholder of ESP Delaware) converted a portion of a note receivable from ESP Delaware of $685,000 into paid in capital. At the same time a note for the remaining portion of the payable to Enterprises of $100,000 bears interest at 5% per annum and becomes due in full at December 31, 2009. This note is unsecured.
In January 2009, the Company effected a one for twenty reverse stock split. All share and per share amounts have been retroactively restated for the effect of the reverse split.
In June 2007, two shareholders exchanged 1,000,000 shares of common stock in ESP Petrochemicals for 3,902,439 shares of common stock of ESP Delaware.
Note 12 Commitments and contingencies
In March 2008, the Company entered into a five-year lease requiring monthly payments of $8,750. The Company has the option to renew the lease for a subsequent five-year term with monthly rent of $9,500. The Company also has the option to buy the facilities during the second year of the lease for $900,000. If the Company elects not to purchase the building during the second year of the lease, it has the option to purchase the building during the remainder of the initial term of the lease for an increased amount.
The landlord has agreed to construct a laboratory building on the premises and a tank filling area and the Company has agreed to pay the landlord an additional $20,000 at the end of the initial five year lease period if it does not renew the lease for the second five year term. The Company will amortize the additional costs over the initial period of the lease.
In February 2007, the Company entered into a lease for various chemical tanks with lease terms varying from six months to one year. Rental fees under this lease are determined on a per day basis in amounts of $1.65 per day or $1.75 per day depending upon the model of tank rented. As of December 31, 2008, the Company leases these tanks on a day to day basis.
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Note 13 Related party transaction
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company had balances due from stockholders and related parties as follows:
2008 | 2007 | |||||
Due from ESP Enterprises | $ | - | $ | 20,000 | ||
Due to former shareholder | 16,100 | 100 | ||||
Due to CEO | 60,000 | - | ||||
Due to ESP Enterprises | 100,000 | $ | 700,000 |
At December 31, 2007, the Company had an accounts receivable balance due from a related company in the amount of $65,243, of which $65,243 was set up as an allowance relating to this balance. Sales to this related company amounted to $142,187 for the year ended December 31, 2007.
At December 31, 2007 the Company had an accounts payable balance due to a related company in the amount of $0. Purchases from this related company amounted to $284,044 for year ended December 31, 2007.
During the current year, the Company accrued consulting expenses to related entity in the amount $84,140. The amount is included in accrued expenses at December 31, 2008.
Note 14 Subsequent events
On March 4, 2009, the Company entered into consulting agreements with two individuals to provide strategic planning and financial consulting services for a period of six months. The Company issued a total of 1,653,000 common shares in payment for these services.
On March 23, 2009, the Company entered into consulting agreements with two individuals to provide services to the Company for a period of two years. The Company issued a total of 2,000,000 common shares in payment for the services.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
As approved by the Registrants Board of Directors on December 22, 2008, the accounting firm of Malone & Bailey, P.C. was engaged to take over the audit responsibilities of the registrant from BDO Dunwoody LLP (BDO) and BDO was dismissed on that same date. In addition, Malone & Bailey took over the audit of ESP Resources from Webb & Company. Webb was ESPs auditor for 2007 and prior.
BDO had served as the Registrants independent auditor since January 31, 2008. BDO became the Registrants auditor as a result of a merger between BDO and Amisano Hanson (the Companys former accountant who had served the Registrant since inception). The Registrant announced this change on Form 8-K on February 20, 2008 and Amisano Hanson provided a letter. According to the Form 8-K filed, there were no disagreements with Amisano Hanson on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedures, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Amisano Hanson would have caused it to make reference to such disagreements in its reports.
Except as described below, the audit reports of BDO since its engagement on those consolidated financial statements of Pantera Petroleum, Inc. did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and was not qualified or modified as to audit scope or accounting principles. BDOs audit report relating to the audit of Panteras financial statements for the year ended May 31, 2008 indicated the auditors substantial doubt about the Companys ability to continue as a going concern because, at that time, the Company had not yet achieved profitable operations, had accumulated losses since its inception, did not have adequate cash to fund its operations and expected to incur further losses in the development of its business. BDO stated that the Companys ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate future profitable operations and/or to obtain the necessary financing to meet its obligations and repay its liabilities arising from normal business operations when they come due.
Since the engagement of BDO, the Registrant (or someone on its behalf) has not consulted with Malone & Bailey, P.C., or any other auditor, regarding any accounting or audit concerns, to include, but not by way of limitation, those stated in Item 304 of Regulation S-K.
During the period that BDO served as the Registrants independent auditor and through the date of dismissal, the Registrant has not had any disagreements with BDO, whether resolved or not resolved, on any matter of accounting principals or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which, if not resolved to said accountants' satisfaction, would have caused it to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreements(s) in connection with its report. Additionally, there have been no reportable events within the meaning set forth in Item 304 of Regulation S-Registrant has provided BDO with a copy of this Current Report on Form 8-K/A before it was filed and requested that BDO furnish it with a letter addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission stating whether it agrees with the above statements. A copy of BDOs letter dated January 23, 2009 is filed as Exhibit 16 to this Current Report on Form 8-K/A.
Registrant has provided BDO with a copy of a Current Report on Form 8-K/A, which has been filed and requested that BDO furnish it with a letter addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission stating whether it agrees with the above statements, which they provided and was filed on January 23, 2009 as Exhibit 16 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, being December 31, 2008, we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our companys disclosure controls and procedures. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our companys management, including our companys President and Chief Executive Officer. Based upon that evaluation, our companys President and Chief Executive Officer concluded that
49
our companys disclosure controls and procedures are effective as at the end of the period covered by this report. There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.
Disclosure controls and procedures and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time period specified in the Securities and Exchange Commissions rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to management including our President and Chief Executive Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Managements report on internal control over financial reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the 1934 Act. Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Our internal control over financial reporting includes maintaining records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of our assets; providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures are made in accordance with authorizations of management and our directors; and providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result of this assessment, management concluded that, as at December 31, 2008, our internal control over financial reporting was effective in providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. However, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our financial statements would be prevented or detected.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our independent auditors regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by our independent auditors pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit our company to provide only management's report in this annual report.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Directors and Executive Officers, Promoters and Control Persons
All directors of our company hold office until the next annual meeting of our shareholders and until such directors successor is elected and has been qualified, or until such directors earlier death, resignation or removal. The following table sets forth the names, positions and ages of our executive officers and directors. Our board of directors elects officers and their terms of office are at the discretion of our board of directors.
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Name |
Position Held with the Company |
Age |
Dated Appointed or Elected |
David Dugas | President and Director | 52 | December 29, 2008 |
Chris Metcalf | Chief Executive Officer and Director | 39 | September 12, 2007 |
Scott Tyson | Director | 40 | February 26, 2008 |
Tony Primeaux | Director | 53 | December 29, 2008 |
William M. Cox | Director | 49 | December 29, 2008 |
Business Experience
The following is a brief account of the education and business experience during at least the past five years of our directors and executive officers, indicating their principal occupations during that period, and the name and principal business of the organizations in which such occupation and employment were carried out.
David Dugas- President and Director
Mr. Dugas has 30 years of professional engineering and management experience. Early in his career, Mr. Dugas gained petroleum engineering and senior management experience in the oil and gas industry holding positions of increasing responsibility in the areas of production, drilling and reservoir exploitation along with property and acquisition evaluations, operations management and completion design with Chevron and Texas Pacific Oil and Gas. Mr. Dugas continued his management and engineering development as an owner and operator of several service companies supplying equipment, goods and consulting services to the oil and gas industry in North and South America, West Africa, and the Far East. Mr. Dugas was a founding member and co-owner of the company that became Ocean Energy, a NYSE listed company with a multi-billion dollar market capitalization. Mr. Dugas was the Executive Vice-President of the company with responsibility for the property acquisition, management, production and reservoir engineering functions of the company. In November, 2006, Mr. Dugas founded ESP Resources, Inc. to provide petrochemicals and related services to the Oil and Gas industry in the Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, and Oklahoma regions through a wholly-owned subsidiary, ESP Petrochemicals, Inc.
Mr. Dugas received his B.S. degree in Petroleum Engineering from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette graduating with highest honors. He is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, a lifetime member of Phi Beta Kappa, a member of Tau Beta Pi National Engineering Society and is a licensed professional petroleum engineer in the state of Louisiana.
Chris Metcalf Chief Executive Officer and Director
Mr. Metcalf is an executive with extensive private equity and investment banking experience, with expertise in early to growth stage oil and gas companies, along with many technology and financial services companies. He brings oil and gas investment and acquisition experience in west Texas and the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, Mr. Metcalf brings with him venture capital experience in advanced oil and gas discovery technologies, including 3D seismic interpretive software and surface geochemical survey technologies. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Metcalf was a Vice President with GF Private Equity Group LLC, where he served on the investment committee responsible for all aspects of the funds venture capital portfolio in early to growth stage companies across several sectors, including energy and clean technology, application and enterprise software, and financial services. Mr. Metcalf was also the President of Altitude Funds LLC, which sponsors and manages premier private equity partnerships on behalf of the GF Private Equity Group. From October, 2002 to February, 2006, Mr. Metcalf was a Vice President of Morgan Stanley where he was a portfolio and research analyst covering a variety of private equity and hedge fund investments in the U.S., Europe, Asia, and South America. Graystone Research Group builds customized private equity, real estate, and hedge fund portfolios for Morgan Stanleys corporate institutional, pension, and ultra high net worth clients. Mr. Metcalf also serves on the board of directors of Uranium 308 Corp., since November 2007, and Sinobiomed, Inc., since March 2007.
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Mr. Metcalf received a Bachelor of Science in Commerce from the University of Virginia, a Juris Doctor Degree from the University of Virginia School of Law, and an MBA from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business where he graduated with honors. Mr. Metcalf is currently a member of the California and Virginia State Bar Associations.
Scott Tyson Director
Mr. Tyson is the President and CEO of Trius Energy LLC, a privately held independent oil and gas producer that has a major presence as a re-entry specialist in the West Gomez Field in Pecos County, Texas. Trius specializes in low risk developmental wells that offset proven production and reserves in Texas. Mr. Tyson oversees the daily operations of the company and leads its leasehold acquisition program. Mr. Tyson brings vast operational experience across the exploration and production cycle, including his work with other oilfield related businesses dealing with disposal wells, vacuum truck services, mobile frac tank rentals, and drilling fluid sales. Mr. Tyson earned his BBA from the University of Texas at Austin at the McCombs School of Business.
Tony Primeaux-Director
Mr. Primeaux has 32 years of professional experience in the value-added specialty chemical market. Mr. Primeaux began his career as a service and sales technician for Oilfield Chemicals, Inc., a large petrochemical supplier to Oil and Gas companies along the Gulf Coast and was subsequently promoted to Operations Manager of the company. Mr. Primeaux became an owner/operator of Chemical Control, Inc., a specialty chemical company, in the 1980s that was sold to Coastal Chemicals, a larger competitor, after 11 years of successful operations. Mr. Primeaux has expertise in advanced interpretation and application petrochemical technologies having designed chemical programs to achieve maximum effectiveness in some of the most hostile environments in the operating world of production operations for the Oil and Gas industry.
Mr. Primeaux founded ESP Petrochemicals, Inc. in March, 2007 and currently serves as President of the organization. ESP Petrochemicals became a wholly owned subsidiary of ESP Resources in June, 2007. Mr. Primeaux received a degree in Business Management from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette and has furthered his education attending numerous industry sponsored courses in quality control and implementation, strategic planning and marketing, and drilling, production and workover chemistry programs.
William M. Cox-Director
Mr. Cox is an executive with extensive experience in the Oil and Gas industry having served in various capacities as a geologist and asset manager for 26 years. Mr. Cox currently serves as the Exploration Manager for Stone Energy Corporation,a NYSE listed Oil and Gas Company. His experience as an interpretation and exploration geologist has contributed significantly to the discovery of substantial Oil and Gas reserves in the offshore and deepwater Gulf of Mexico including development of opportunities in the East Breaks, Green Canyon, and Garden Banks regions of the Gulf of Mexico where water depths often exceed 5000 feet.
Mr. Cox received his Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette and is a Certified Petroleum Geologist and a Texas Board Certified Licensed Professional Geologist.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among our directors or executive officers.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
Our directors, executive officers and control persons have not been involved in any of the following events during the past five years:
52
1. |
any bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time; |
2. |
any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses); |
3. |
being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities; or |
4. |
being found by a court of competent jurisdiction (in a civil action), the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated. |
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires our executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of our common stock, to file reports regarding ownership of, and transactions in, our securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission and to provide us with copies of those filings. Based solely on our review of the copies of such forms received by us, or written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that during fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, all filing requirements applicable to our officers, directors and greater than 10% percent beneficial owners were complied with, with the exception of the following:
Name |
Number of Late Reports |
Number of
Transactions Not Reported on a Timely Basis |
Failure to File Requested Forms |
Chris Metcalf | 1(1) | 2(1) | Nil |
Scott Tyson | 1(1) | Nil | 1 |
Peter Hughes | 1(2) | 1 | 1 |
ESP Enterprises, Inc. | 1(1) | 1 | 1 |
(1) |
The named officer, director or greater than 10% stockholder, as applicable, filed a late Form 3 Initial Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities. |
(2) |
The named officer, director or greater than 10% stockholder, as applicable, filed a late Form 4 - Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership of Securities. |
Code of Ethics
Effective August 17, 2007, our companys board of directors adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to, among other persons, our companys president (being our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer), as well as persons performing similar functions. As adopted, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics sets forth written standards that are designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:
1. |
honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; |
2. |
full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that we file with, or submit to, the Securities and Exchange Commission and in other public communications made by us; |
3. |
compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations; |
53
4. |
the prompt internal reporting of violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics; and |
5. |
accountability for adherence to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. |
Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics requires, among other things, that all of our companys personnel shall be accorded full access to our president with respect to any matter which may arise relating to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. Further, all of our companys personnel are to be accorded full access to our companys board of directors if any such matter involves an alleged breach of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by our president.
In addition, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics emphasizes that all employees, and particularly managers and/or supervisors, have a responsibility for maintaining financial integrity within our company, consistent with generally accepted accounting principles, and federal, provincial and state securities laws. Any employee who becomes aware of any incidents involving financial or accounting manipulation or other irregularities, whether by witnessing the incident or being told of it, must report it to his or her immediate supervisor or to our companys president. If the incident involves an alleged breach of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by the president, the incident must be reported to any member of our board of directors. Any failure to report such inappropriate or irregular conduct of others is to be treated as a severe disciplinary matter. It is against our company policy to retaliate against any individual who reports in good faith the violation or potential violation of our companys Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.
Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics was filed as an exhibit with our annual report on Form 10-KSB filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 28, 2007. We will provide a copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to any person without charge, upon request. Requests can be sent to: Pantera Petroleum Inc., of 111 Congress Avenue, Suite 400, Austin, Texas 78701.
Nomination Process
As of December 31, 2008, we did not effect any material changes to the procedures by which our shareholders may recommend nominees to our board of directors. Our board of directors does not have a policy with regards to the consideration of any director candidates recommended by our shareholders. Our board of directors has determined that it is in the best position to evaluate our companys requirements as well as the qualifications of each candidate when the board considers a nominee for a position on our board of directors. If shareholders wish to recommend candidates directly to our board, they may do so by sending communications to the president of our company at the address on the cover of this annual report.
Committees of the Board
All proceedings of our board of directors were conducted by resolutions consented to in writing by all the directors and filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the directors. Such resolutions consented to in writing by the directors entitled to vote on that resolution at a meeting of the directors are, according to the corporate laws of the State of Nevada and the bylaws of our company, as valid and effective as if they had been passed at a meeting of the directors duly called and held.
Our company currently does not have nominating, compensation or audit committees or committees performing similar functions nor does our company have a written nominating, compensation or audit committee charter. Our board of directors does not believe that it is necessary to have such committees because it believes that the functions of such committees can be adequately performed by our board of directors.
Our company does not have any defined policy or procedure requirements for shareholders to submit recommendations or nominations for directors. The board of directors believes that, given the early stage of our development, a specific nominating policy would be premature and of little assistance until our business operations
54
develop to a more advanced level. Our company does not currently have any specific or minimum criteria for the election of nominees to the board of directors and we do not have any specific process or procedure for evaluating such nominees. The board of directors assesses all candidates, whether submitted by management or shareholders, and makes recommendations for election or appointment.
A shareholder who wishes to communicate with our board of directors may do so by directing a written request addressed to our president, at the address appearing on the first page of this annual report.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
Our board of directors has determined that we do not have a board member that qualifies as an audit committee financial expert as defined in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-B.
We believe that our board of directors is capable of analyzing and evaluating our financial statements and understanding internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. The board of directors of our company does not believe that it is necessary to have an audit committee because our company believes that the functions of an audit committee can be adequately performed by our board of directors. In addition, we believe that retaining an independent director who would qualify as an audit committee financial expert would be overly costly and burdensome and is not warranted in our circumstances given the early stages of our development.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Executive Compensation
The particulars of compensation paid to the following persons:
(a) |
our principal executive officer; |
(b) |
each of our two most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers at the end of the year ended December 31, 2008; and |
(c) |
up to two additional individuals for whom disclosure would have been provided under (b) but for the fact that the individual was not serving as our executive officer at the end of the year ended December 31, 2008, |
who we will collectively refer to as the named executive officers of our company for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, are set out in the following summary compensation table, except that no disclosure is provided for any named executive officer, other than our principal executive officer, whose total compensation does not exceed $100,000 for the respective fiscal year:
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE | |||||||||
Name and Principal Position |
Year |
Salary ($) |
Bonus ($) |
Stock Awards ($) |
Option ($) |
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensa- tion ($) |
Change
in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) |
All Other Compensa -tion ($) |
Total ($) |
Chris Metcalf PresidentChief | 2008 | $135,000 | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | $135,000 |
Executive
Officer and Director(1) |
2007 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
Peter Hughes
Secretary and Director(2) |
2008
2007 |
Nil Nil |
Nil Nil |
Nil Nil |
Nil Nil |
Nil Nil |
Nil Nil |
Nil
$24,000 |
Nil
$24,000 |
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(1) Chris Metcalf was appointed as our president and chief executive officer and as a director of our company on September 12, 2007. On December 29, 2008 Chris Metcalf submitted his resignation as President of the Company to the Board of Directors, which accepted the resignation on the same day. On December 29, 2008 Dave Dugas was appointed as President and director of the Company
(2) Peter Hughes resigned as our president and chief executive officer of our company on September 12, 2007 and as our secretary and as a director on February 26, 2008.
Executive Compensation
During the year ended December 31, 2008, we did not pay any management fees owing to Peter Hughes and during the year ended December 31, 2007, we paid management fees owing to Peter Hughes totalling $24,000. In addition, we have agreed to pay a monthly salary of $15,000 per month to Chris Metcalf in consideration for his services as the president and chief executive officer of our company. During the year ended December 31, 2008, we paid a total of $135,000 to Chris Metcalf.
Equity Compensation Plan Information and Stock Options
We do not currently have any equity compensation plans or any outstanding stock options.
Compensation of Directors
We currently have no formal plan for compensating our directors for their services in their capacity as directors, although we may elect to issue stock options to such persons from time to time. Directors are entitled to reimbursement for reasonable travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of our board of directors. Our board of directors may award special remuneration to any director undertaking any special services on our behalf other than services ordinarily required of a director.
Pension, Retirement or Similar Benefit Plans
There are no arrangements or plans in which we provide pension, retirement or similar benefits for directors or executive officers. We have no material bonus or profit sharing plans pursuant to which cash or non-cash compensation is or may be paid to our directors or executive officers, except that stock options may be granted at the discretion of the board of directors or a committee thereof.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2008, certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock by each stockholder known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock and by each of our current directors and executive officers. Each person has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares of common stock. Beneficial ownership consists of a direct interest in the shares of common stock, except as otherwise indicated.
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Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership(1) | Percentage of Class(1) |
Chris Metcalf c/o 111 Congress Avenue, Suite 400 Austin, TX 78701 |
2,400,000 |
12% |
Scott Tyson c/o 111 Congress Avenue, Suite 400 Austin, TX 78701 |
Nil |
Nil |
ESP Enterprises, Inc. David Dugas 1255 Lions Club Road Lafayette, LA 70598 |
14,634,146 |
76% |
Directors and Executive Officers as a Group
(two persons) |
17,034,146 |
89%
|
(1) |
Based on 19,206,429 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2008. Except as otherwise indicated, we believe that the beneficial owners of the common stock listed above, based on information furnished by such owners, have sole investment and voting power with respect to such shares, subject to community property laws where applicable. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. |
Change in Control
We are not aware of any arrangement that might result in a change in control of our company in the future.
Equity Plan Compensation Information
Our company does not currently have a stock option plan or other form of equity plan.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Except as described below, no director, executive officer, principal shareholder holding at least 5% of our common shares, or any family member thereof, had any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction, or proposed transaction, during the year ended December 31, 2008, in which the amount involved in the transaction exceeded or exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at the year end for the last three completed fiscal years.
We have agreed to pay a monthly salary of US$15,000 per month to Chris Metcalf in consideration for his services as the president and chief executive officer of our company.
We were charged $135,000 (2007: nil) for salaries for Chris Metcalf, a director and officer of our company. In addition, we were charged, $6,000 (2007: $24,000) for management services to Peter Hughes, a former director and officer of our company, and $1,200 (2007: $4,800) for rent to Celine Totman, a former director and an officer of our company.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, Peter Hughes and Celine Totman forgave amounts due to them totalling $80,925 ($69,382 for Peter Hughes; $11,543 for Celine Totman). This forgiveness has been recorded as a capital contribution.
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Amounts due to related parties of $67,060 at December 31, 2007 are for cash advances, management fees, rent and office expenses incurred or paid on behalf of our company by Peter Hughes and Celine Totman. These amounts were non-interest bearing and comprise a portion of the amount forgiven, as noted above.
David Dugas is a director and an executive officer of the Company. Mr. Dugas is also an officer and majority equity owner of each of Diversified Consulting, LLC and DDA Corporation, LLC. The Company has a oral agreement to pay Diversified Consulting, LLC a fee of $10,500 per month in consideration of the officer and director services provided by Mr. Dugas. In 2008 and prior to the acquisition of ESP Resources, Inc. by the Company, DDA Corporation loaned $16,000 to ESP Resources, Inc. The repayment terms of that loan have not been documented, but is a liability assumed by the Company in the acquisition of ESP Resources, Inc.
In 2008, prior to the acquisition of ESP Resources, Inc. by the Company, ESP Resources, Inc. loaned $30,000 to ESP Enterprises, Inc., a beneficial owner of more than 10% of the Companys outstanding shares. The repayment terms of the loan have not been documents, but the right to receive the repayment of the loan was an asset acquired by the Company when it acquired ESP Resources, Inc.
On February 25, 2008, we entered into a subscription agreement with Trius Energy, LLC, of which Scott Tyson, a director of the Company, is a significant shareholder, whereby we agreed to issue 1,200,000 pre-split shares of our common stock for aggregate proceeds of $720,000.
Corporate Governance
We currently act with five directors consisting of David Dugas, Chris Metcalf, Scott Tyson, Tony Primeaux and William M. Cox. Scott Tyson, Tony Primeaux and Willaim M. Cox are each considered an independent director as defined by Rule 4200(a)(15) of the Rules of Nasdaq Marketplace Rules.
We do not have a standing audit, compensation or nominating committee, but our entire board of directors acts in such capacities. We believe that the members of our board of directors are capable of analyzing and evaluating our financial statements and understanding internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. The board of directors of our company does not believe that it is necessary to have a standing audit, compensation or nominating committee because we believe that the functions of such committees can be adequately performed by the board of directors, consisting of Chris Metcalf and Scott Tyson. In addition, we believe that retaining one or more additional directors who would qualify as independent as defined in Rule 4200(a)(15) of the Rules of Nasdaq Marketplace Rules would be overly costly and burdensome and is not warranted in our circumstances given the early stages of our development and the fact the we have not generated any revenues from operations to date.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Audit Fees
The aggregate fees billed or to be billed by Malone & Bailey, PC, for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for 2008 is $30,000.
The aggregate fees billed by Webb & Company, for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements for 2007 was $36,044.
Audit Related Fees
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, the aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services by Webb & Company, relating to the performance of the audit of our financial statements which are not reported under the caption Audit Fees above, was $13,760.
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Tax Fees
None.
All Other Fees
None.
Our board of directors, who acts as our audit committee, has adopted a policy governing the pre-approval by the board of directors of all services, audit and non-audit, to be provided to our company by our independent auditors. Under the policy, the board or directors has pre-approved the provision by our independent auditors of specific audit, audit related, tax and other non-audit services as being consistent with auditor independence. Requests or applications to provide services that require the specific pre-approval of the board of directors must be submitted to the board of directors by the independent auditors, and the independent auditors must advise the board of directors as to whether, in the independent auditors view, the request or application is consistent with the Securities and Exchange Commissions rules on auditor independence.
The board of directors has considered the nature and amount of the fees billed by Malone & Bailey, PC and Webb and Company and believes that the provision of the services for activities unrelated to the audit is compatible with maintaining the independence of both firms.
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports of Form 8-K.
(a) |
During the quarter ending December 31, 2008, the Company filed the following Exhibits and Form 8Ks: | |
October 17, 2008, filed an 8K for: Item 1.02, Termination of a Material Definitive Agreement | ||
November 5, 2008,filed an 8K for: Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement, Item 2.01 Completion of Acquisition of Disposition of Assets, Item 9.01Agreement | ||
December 15, 2008, filed an 8K for: Item 8.01 Other Events, Item 9.01 Letter of Intent | ||
December 29, 2009, filed an 8K for: Item 4.01 Changes in Registrants Certifying Accountant, Item 9.01 Letter | ||
January 6, 2009, filed an 8K for: Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement, Item 2.01 Completion of Acquisition of Disposition of Assets, Item 5.01 Changes in Control of the Registrant, Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Principal Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Officers, Item 9.01 Stock Purchase Agreements | ||
(b) |
Exhibits |
Exhibit | Description | |
Number | ||
1.1 | Licensing Agreement with Peter Hughes (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on April 18, 2006) | |
3.1 | Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on April 18, 2006) | |
3.2 | Bylaws (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on April 18, 2006) | |
3.3 | Articles of Merger filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on September 19, 2007 and which is effective September 28, 2007 (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 28, 2007) |
59
3.4 |
Certificate of Change filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on September 19, 2007 and which is effective September 28, 2007 (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 28, 2007) | |
4.1 |
Regulation S Securities Subscription Agreement (incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed on April 18, 2006) | |
10.1 |
Share Purchase Agreement dated November 21, 2007 among our company, Pantera Oil and Gas PLC, Aurora Petroleos SA and Boreal Petroleos SA (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 26, 2007) | |
10.2 |
Form of Advisory Board Agreement (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2008) | |
10.3 |
Equity Financing Agreement dated February 12, 2008 with FTS Financial Investments Ltd. (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2008) | |
10.4 |
Return to Treasury Agreement dated February 26, 2008 with Peter Hughes (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 28, 2008) | |
10.5 |
Amending Agreement dated March 17, 2008 with Artemis Energy PLC, Aurora Petroleos SA and Boreal Petroleos SA (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8- K filed on March 19, 2008) | |
10.6 |
Subscription Agreement dated February 28, 2008 with Trius Energy, LLC (incorporated by reference from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB filed on April 14, 2008) | |
10.7 |
Joint Venture Agreement dated February 24, 2008 with Trius Energy, LLC (incorporated by reference from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB filed on April 14, 2008) | |
10.8 |
Second Amending Agreement dated July 30, 2008 among our company, Artemis Energy PLC (formerly Pantera Oil and Gas PLC), Aurora Petroleos SA and Boreal Petroleos SA (incorporated by reference from our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 5, 2008) | |
10.9 |
Amended and Restated Share Purchase Agreement dated September 9, 2008 among company, Artemis Energy PLC (formerly Pantera Oil and Gas PLC), Aurora Petroleos SA and Boreal Petroleos SA (incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on for 10-KSB filed on September 15, 2008 | |
14.1 |
Code of Ethics (incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB filed on August 28, 2007) |
31.1* | ||
|
||
31.2* | ||
|
||
32.1* | ||
32.2* |
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*Filed herewith
SIGNATURES
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
ESP RESOURCES, INC. |
By: /s/ Chris Metcalf |
Chris Metcalf |
Chief Executive Officer and Director |
(Principal Executive Officer and Principal |
Financial Officer) |
Date: April 15, 2009 |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
By: | /s/ Chris Metcalf | |
Chris Metcalf | ||
Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
(Principal Executive Officer and Principal | ||
Financial Officer) | ||
Date: April 15, 2009 | ||
By: | /s/ David Dugas | |
David Dugas | ||
President and Director | ||
Date: April 15, 2009 |
By: | /s/ Scott Tyson | |
Scott Tyson | ||
Director | ||
Date: April 15, 2009 | ||
By: | /s/ Tony Primeaux | |
Tony Primeaux | ||
Director | ||
Date: April 15, 2009 | ||
By: | /s/ William M Cox | |
William M. Cox | ||
Director | ||
Date: April 15, 2009 |
61