ExOne Co - Quarter Report: 2016 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File No. 001-35806

The ExOne Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

127 Industry Boulevard

North Huntingdon, Pennsylvania 15642

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(724) 863-9663

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).  Yes o  No x

As of August 9, 2016, 16,067,620 shares of common stock, par value $0.01, were outstanding.

IMPLICATIONS OF BEING AN EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” (“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). An EGC may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements and is relieved of certain other significant requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies.

As an EGC:

We will continue to operate under these provisions until December 31, 2018, or such earlier time that we are no longer an EGC. We would cease to be an EGC if we have more than $1.0 billion in annual revenues, qualify as a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which requires us to have more than $700 million in market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. We may choose to take advantage of some, but not all, of these reduced burdens.

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Statement of Consolidated Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per-share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per-share and share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Condensed Statement of Changes in Consolidated Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The ExOne Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except per-share and share amounts)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

Organization

The ExOne Company (“ExOne”) is a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware. ExOne was formed on January 1, 2013, when The Ex One Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, merged with and into a Delaware corporation, which survived and changed its name to The ExOne Company (the “Reorganization”). As a result of the Reorganization, The Ex One Company, LLC became ExOne, the common and preferred interest holders of The Ex One Company, LLC became holders of common stock and preferred stock, respectively, of ExOne, and the subsidiaries of The Ex One Company, LLC became the subsidiaries of ExOne. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of ExOne, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, ExOne Americas LLC (United States), ExOne GmbH (Germany), ExOne Property GmbH (Germany); MWT—Gesellschaft für Industrielle Mikrowellentechnik mbH (Germany); ExOne KK (Japan); ExOne Italy S.r.l (Italy); and effective in July 2015, ExOne Sweden AB (Sweden). Collectively, the consolidated group is referred to as the “Company”.

The Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-203353) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 10, 2015.  The purpose of the Form S-3 was to register, among other securities, debt securities. Certain subsidiaries of the Company (other than any minor subsidiary) are co-registrants with the Company (“Subsidiary Guarantors”), and the registration statement registered guarantees of debt securities by one or more of the Subsidiary Guarantors. The Subsidiary Guarantors are 100% owned by the Company and any guarantees by the Subsidiary Guarantors will be full and unconditional.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary by management to fairly state the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year. The December 31, 2015 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in connection with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which includes all disclosures required by GAAP.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standard Updates (“ASUs”) as issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). Recently issued ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are currently expected to have no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This ASU created a comprehensive framework for all entities in all industries to apply in the determination of when to recognize revenue, and, therefore, supersedes virtually all existing revenue recognition requirements and guidance. This framework is expected to provide a consistent and comparable methodology for revenue recognition. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract(s), (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract(s), and (v) recognize revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date,” which deferred the effective date of this guidance for the Company until January 1, 2019, or January 1, 2018, in the event that the Company no longer qualifies as an EGC.  Early adoption is permitted, but the Company may adopt the changes no earlier than January 1, 2017 (regardless of EGC status). In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations”, which serves to clarify the implementation guidance issued in ASU 2014-09 with respect to principal versus agent considerations in an arrangement. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing”, which serves to clarify the implementation guidance issued in ASU 2014-09 with respect to identifying performance obligations in an arrangement and accounting for licensing arrangements. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-11, “Revenue Recognition and Derivatives and Hedging: Rescission of SEC Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates 2014-09 and 2014-16 Pursuant to Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 EITF Meeting”, which serves to rescind certain previously issued SEC Staff Observer comments upon adoption of ASU 2014-09. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients”, which serves to clarify certain technical aspects and transition guidance associated with ASU 2014-09. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of these collective changes on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

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In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern: Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” Under GAAP, continuation of a reporting entity as a going concern is presumed as the basis for preparing financial statements unless and until the entity’s liquidation becomes imminent. Even if an entity’s liquidation is not imminent, there may be conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. Because there is no guidance in GAAP about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related note disclosures, there is diversity in practice whether, when, and how an entity discloses the relevant conditions and events in its financial statements. As a result, this ASU requires an entity’s management to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that financial statements are issued. Substantial doubt is defined as an indication that it is probable that an entity will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that financial statements are issued. If management has concluded that substantial doubt exists, then the following disclosures should be made in the financial statements: (i) principal conditions or events that raised the substantial doubt, (ii) management’s evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events in relation to the entity’s ability to meet its obligations, (iii) management’s plans that alleviated the initial substantial doubt or, if substantial doubt was not alleviated, management’s plans that are intended to at least mitigate the conditions or events that raise substantial doubt, and (iv) if the latter in (iii) is disclosed, an explicit statement that there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. This ASU becomes effective for the Company on December 31, 2016. Subsequent to adoption, this ASU will need to be applied by management at the end of each annual period and interim period therein to determine what, if any, impact there will be on the consolidated financial statements of the Company in a given reporting period.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Interest – Imputation of Interest: Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” Further, in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15, “Interest – Imputation of Interest: Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements.” This ASU requires an entity to present debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset, with an exception for line of credit arrangements. Amortization of debt issuance costs will continue to be reported as interest expense. This ASU becomes effective for the Company on December 31, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU will be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented. Management has determined that the adoption of this ASU will not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, “Inventory: Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.” This ASU requires inventories to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with net realizable value defined as the estimated selling price in the normal course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. This ASU becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU will be applied prospectively in the interim or annual period adopted. Management has determined that the adoption of this ASU will not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases.” As a result of this ASU, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (i) a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (ii) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. As a result of this ASU, lessor accounting is largely unchanged and lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing. This ASU becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the consolidated financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” This ASU simplifies certain aspects of accounting for equity-based compensation, including (i) accounting for income taxes, (ii) accounting for pre-vesting forfeitures and (iii) certain classification and disclosure elements. This ASU becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Note 2. Liquidity

On February 6, 2013, the Company commenced an initial public offering of 6,095,000 shares of its common stock at a price to the public of $18.00 per share, of which 5,483,333 shares of common stock were sold by the Company and 611,667 shares of common stock were sold by a selling stockholder (including consideration of the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option). Following completion of the offering on February 12, 2013, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $91,996 (net of underwriting commissions).

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On September 9, 2013, the Company commenced a secondary public offering of 3,054,400 shares of its common stock at a price to the public of $62.00 per share, of which 1,106,000 shares of common stock were sold by the Company and 1,948,400 shares of common stock were sold by selling stockholders (including consideration of the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option). Following completion of the offering on September 13, 2013, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $65,315 (net of underwriting commissions).

On January 8, 2016, the Company announced that it had entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“ATM”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co. (“FBR”) and MLV & Co. LLC (“MLV”) pursuant to which FBR and MLV agreed to act as distribution agents in the sale of up to $50,000 in the aggregate of ExOne common stock in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Both FBR and MLV have been identified as related parties to the Company on the basis of significant influence in that a member of the Board of Directors of the Company also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of FBR (which controls MLV).  The terms of the ATM were reviewed and approved by a sub-committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (which included each of the members of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors except for the identified director who also holds a position on the Board of Directors of FBR).  Terms of the ATM require a 3.0% commission on the sale of common stock under the ATM and a reimbursement of certain legal expenses of $25.  During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, the Company sold 91,940 shares of common stock under the ATM at a weighted average selling price of approximately $9.17 per share resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $843.  Net proceeds to the Company from the sale of common stock under the ATM during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 were approximately $595 (after deducting offering costs of approximately $248, including certain legal, accounting and administrative costs associated with the ATM, of which approximately $50 was paid to FBR or MLV relating to the aforementioned reimbursement of certain legal expenses and commissions on the sale of common stock under the ATM). There were no sales of shares of common stock under the ATM during the quarter ended June 30, 2016.

The Company’s ongoing ability to issue and sell shares of common stock under the ATM is dependent on its ability to use its shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Shelf”), as filed on April 10, 2015. As a result of the Company’s delinquent filing of its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015, the Company’s offerings and sales under the Shelf (and therefore the ATM) are currently suspended.

On January 11, 2016, the Company announced that it had entered into a subscription agreement with Rockwell Forest Products, Inc. and S. Kent Rockwell for the registered direct offering and sale of 1,423,877 shares of ExOne common stock at a per share price of $9.13 (a $0.50 premium from the closing price on the close of business on January 8, 2016).  The terms of this transaction were reviewed and approved by a sub-committee of independent members of the Board of Directors of the Company (which included each of the members of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors). The sub-committee of independent members of the Board of Directors of the Company were advised on the transaction by an independent financial advisor and independent legal counsel. Concurrent with the approval of this sale of common stock under the terms identified, a separate sub-committee of independent members of the Board of Directors of the Company approved the termination of the Company’s revolving credit facility with RHI Investments, LLC.  Following completion of the registered direct offering on January 13, 2016, the Company received gross proceeds of approximately $13,000.  Net proceeds to the Company from the sale of common stock in the registered direct offering were approximately $12,447 (after deducting offering costs of approximately $553). 

The Company has incurred a net loss in each of its annual periods since its inception. As shown in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss, the Company incurred a net loss of approximately $2,942 and $8,419 for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. As noted above, the Company has received cumulative unrestricted net proceeds from the sale of its common stock of approximately $170,353 to fund its operations. At June 30, 2016, the Company had approximately $31,884 in cash and cash equivalents.

Management believes that the Company’s existing capital resources will be sufficient to support the Company’s operating plan. If management anticipates that the Company’s actual results will differ from its operating plan, management believes it has sufficient capabilities to enact cost savings measures to preserve capital. Further, the Company may seek to raise additional capital to support its growth through additional debt, equity or other alternatives or a combination thereof.

Note 3. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss:

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Foreign currency translation adjustments consist of (i) the effect of translation of functional currency financial statements (denominated in the Euro and Japanese Yen) to the reporting currency of the Company (United States dollar) and (ii) certain long-term intercompany transactions between subsidiaries for which settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future.

There were no tax impacts related to income tax rate changes and no amounts were reclassified to earnings for either of the periods presented.

Note 4. Loss Per Share

The Company presents basic and diluted net loss per common share amounts. Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding during the applicable period.

As the Company incurred a net loss during each of the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, basic average shares outstanding and diluted average shares outstanding were the same because the effect of potential shares of common stock, including incentive stock options (182,637 – 2016 and 206,303 – 2015) and unvested restricted stock issued (72,338 – 2016 and 92,503 – 2015), was anti-dilutive.

The information used to compute basic and diluted net loss per common share was as follows:

Note 5. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

Raw materials and components consist of (i) consumable materials and (ii) component parts and subassemblies associated with 3D printing machine manufacturing and support activities. Work in process consists of 3D printing machines and other products in varying stages of completion. Finished goods consist of 3D printing machines and other products prepared for delivery in accordance with customer specifications.

At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories was approximately $1,526 and $1,909, respectively, and has been reflected as a reduction to inventories (principally raw materials and components). Included in the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventories at December 31, 2015, is approximately $507 associated with the Company’s laser micromachining product line which was discontinued at the end of 2014. During the quarter ended June 30, 2016, the Company sold its remaining laser micromachining inventories, eliminating the previously recorded reserve.

Note 6. Restructuring

In April 2016, the Company committed to a plan to consolidate certain of its 3D printing operations in its Auburn, Washington facility into its North Las Vegas, Nevada facility and reorganize certain of its corporate departments as part of its 2016 operating plan. As a result of these actions, during the quarter ended June 30, 2016, the Company incurred a net charge of approximately $170 including, $57 associated with involuntary employee terminations and $113 associated with the disposal of certain property and equipment related to the Auburn, Washington facility which was either sold or abandoned. This net charge was split between cost of sales ($129), research and development ($2) and selling, general and administrative expenses ($39) in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. In addition to the net charge incurred by the Company in connection with this plan, the Company also has an operating lease commitment for the Auburn, Washington facility with a lease term through

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December 2018. At the time of closure of this facility, the Company was able to secure a firmly committed sublease arrangement with a third party which fully offsets its remaining contractual operating lease liability. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. Of the amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations, approximately $5 remained unsettled at June 30, 2016 (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet). These remaining amounts were settled by the Company in July 2016.

Note 7. Impairment

During the quarter ended June 30, 2016, as a result of continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies, the Company identified a triggering event requiring a test for the recoverability of long-lived assets held for use at the asset group level. Assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held for use requires significant judgments and estimates by management.

For purposes of testing long-lived assets for recoverability, the Company operates as three separate asset groups: United States, Europe and Japan. In assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held for use, the Company determined the carrying amount of long-lived assets held for use to be in excess of the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows of the related assets. The Company proceeded to determine the fair value of its long-lived assets held for use, principally through use of the market approach. The Company’s use of the market approach included consideration of market transactions for comparable assets. Management concluded that the fair value of long-lived assets held for use exceeded their carrying value and as such no impairment loss was recorded.   

A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the use or condition of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the business climate or legal or regulatory factors impacting a long-lived asset and continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies associated with a long-lived asset, among other indicators, could cause a future assessment to be performed which may result in an impairment of long-lived assets held for use, resulting in a material adverse effect on the financial position and results of operations of the Company.

Note 8. Contingencies and Commitments

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to various litigation, claims, and proceedings which have been or may be instituted or asserted from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened matters will have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

Note 9. Equity-Based Compensation

On January 24, 2013, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). In connection with the adoption of the Plan, 500,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to the Plan, with automatic increases in such reserve available each year annually on January 1 from 2014 through 2023 equal to the lesser of (i) 3.0% of the total outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year or (ii) a number of shares of common stock determined by the Board of Directors, provided that the maximum number of shares authorized under the Plan will not exceed 1,992,241 shares, subject to certain adjustments.

The following table summarizes the total equity-based compensation expense recognized for awards issued under the Plan:

At June 30, 2016, total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company was approximately $242 for incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and $729 for restricted stock. Total future compensation expense related to unvested awards yet to be recognized by the Company is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of approximately 1.1 years.

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The activity for ISOs was as follows:

At June 30, 2016, there was no intrinsic value associated with ISOs exercisable or ISOs expected to vest. The weighted average remaining contractual term of ISOs exercisable and expected to vest at June 30, 2016, was approximately 6.8 years and 8.2 years, respectively.

The activity for restricted stock was as follows:

Note 10. Income Taxes

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was $22 and ($100), respectively. The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was $18 and ($159), respectively. The Company has completed a discrete period computation of its benefit for income taxes for each of the periods presented. Discrete period computation is as a result of (i) jurisdictions with losses before income taxes for which no tax benefit can be recognized and (ii) an inability to generate reliable estimates for results in certain jurisdictions as a result of inconsistencies in generating net operating profits (losses) in those jurisdictions.

The effective tax rate for the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was 0.8% (provision on a loss) and 1.4% (benefit on a loss), respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 was 0.2% (provision on a loss) and 1.1% (benefit on a loss), respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the United States federal statutory rate of 34.0% for each of the periods presented primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the periods.

The Company has provided a valuation allowance for its net deferred tax assets as a result of the Company not generating consistent net operating profits in jurisdictions in which it operates. As such, any benefit from deferred taxes in either quarterly period has been fully offset by changes in the valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets. The Company continues to assess its future taxable income by jurisdiction based on (i) recent historical operating results, (ii) the expected timing of reversal of temporary differences, (iii) various tax planning strategies that the Company may be able to enact in future periods, (iv) the impact of potential operating changes on the business and (v) forecast results from operations in future periods based on available information at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that the Company is able to reach the conclusion that deferred tax assets are realizable based on any combination of the above factors, a reversal of existing valuation allowances may occur.

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The Company has a liability for uncertain tax positions related to certain capitalized expenses and intercompany transactions. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the liability for uncertain tax positions was approximately $795 and $781, respectively, and is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had an additional liability for uncertain tax positions related to its ExOne GmbH (Germany) subsidiary of approximately $219 and $195, respectively, which were fully offset against net operating loss carryforwards. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had an additional liability for uncertain tax positions related to its ExOne KK (Japan) subsidiary of approximately $422 and $285, respectively, which were fully offset against net operating loss carryforwards. At June 30, 2016, the Company’s ExOne GmbH (2010-2013) and ExOne Property GmbH (2013) subsidiaries were under examination by local taxing authorities.

Note 11. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.

The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

The Company is required to disclose its estimate of the fair value of material financial instruments, including those recorded as assets or liabilities in its consolidated financial statements, in accordance with GAAP.

At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had no financial instruments (assets or liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

The carrying values and fair values of other financial instruments (assets and liabilities) not required to be recorded at fair value were as follows:

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, current portion of long-term debt and current portion of capital leases approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. The fair value of long-term debt – net of current portion and capital leases – net of current portion have been estimated by management based on the consideration of applicable interest rates (including certain instruments at variable or floating rates) and other available information (including quoted prices of similar instruments available to the Company). Cash and cash equivalents are classified in Level 1; current portion of long-term debt, current portion of capital and financing leases, long-term debt – net of current portion and capital and financing leases – net of current portion are classified in Level 2.

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Note 12. Concentration of Credit Risk

During the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company conducted a significant portion of its business with a limited number of customers, though not necessarily the same customers for each respective period. For the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s five most significant customers represented approximately 35.4% and 25.5% of total revenue, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s five most significant customers represented approximately 28.7% and 18.9% of total revenue, respectively. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, accounts receivable from the Company’s five most significant customers were approximately $1,859 and $4,808, respectively.

Note 13. Related Party Transactions

Revolving Credit Facility with a Related Party

On October 23, 2015, ExOne and its ExOne Americas LLC and ExOne GmbH subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with RHI Investments, LLC (“RHI”), a related party, on a $15,000 revolving credit facility to (i) assist the Company in its efforts to finance customer acquisition of its 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products and services and (ii) provide additional funding for working capital and general corporate purposes.  RHI was determined to be a related party based on common control by the Chairman and CEO of the Company. Prior to execution, the Credit Agreement was subject to review and approval by a sub-committee of independent members of the Board of Directors of the Company (which included each of the members of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors).  The Company incurred approximately $215 in debt issuance costs associated with the Credit Agreement.

On January 10, 2016, the Company delivered notice to RHI of its intent to terminate the Credit Agreement in connection with the closing of a registered direct offering of common stock to an entity under common control by the Chairman and CEO of the Company. There were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement from January 1, 2016 through the effective date of its termination, January 13, 2016.  In connection with the termination, the Company settled its remaining accrued interest under the Credit Agreement of approximately $5 relating to the commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility (100 basis points, or 1.0% on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility). In addition, during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, the Company recorded approximately $204 to interest expense related to the accelerated amortization of debt issuance costs. Upon termination of the Credit Agreement, all liens and guaranties in respect thereof were released.

Other

Refer to Note 2 for further discussion relating to two separate equity offerings during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, certain elements of which qualify as related party transactions.

Revenues

Sales of products and/or services to related parties for the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were approximately $37 and $1,140, respectively. Sales of products and/or services to related parties for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were approximately $72 and $1,142, respectively.

In December 2014, the Company entered into a sale agreement for a 3D printing machine with a powdered metal company with proprietary powders determined to be a related entity based on common control by the Chairman and CEO of the Company. Total consideration for the 3D printing machine (approximately $1,000) was determined to represent a fair market value selling price (based on comparable 3D printing machine sales to third parties) and was approved prior to execution by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Company recorded revenue of approximately $815 on this transaction during 2014 based on the delivery of products and/or services. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company recorded approximately $115 of the remaining consideration covered under this transaction based on the delivery of additional products and/or services.

In March 2015, the Company entered into a separate sale agreement for a 3D printing machine with the same related entity described above. Total consideration for the 3D printing machine (approximately $950) was determined to represent a fair market value selling price (based on comparable 3D printing machine sales to third parties) and was approved prior to execution by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Company recorded revenue of approximately $866 on this transaction during the quarter ended June 30, 2015, based on the delivery of products and/or services.

In June 2015, the Company entered into a sale agreement for a 3D printing machine with a multi-national, diversified metals company determined to be a related entity on the basis that a member of the Board of Directors of the Company also receives his principal compensation from the entity. Total consideration for the 3D printing machine (approximately $146) was determined to represent a fair market value selling price (based on comparable 3D printing machine sales to third parties) and was approved prior to execution by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The Company recorded revenue of approximately $141 on this transaction during the quarter ended June 30, 2015 based on the delivery of products and/or services.

Amounts due from related parties at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, were approximately $35 and $151, respectively and are reflected in accounts receivable – net, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. At December 31, 2015, the

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Company continued to defer approximately $17 of consideration associated with sales to related parties for which products and/or services remained undelivered to the customer, with such amounts reflected in deferred revenue and customer prepayments in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Such amounts were recognized as part of revenues during the quarter ended June 30, 2016 based on the delivery of products and/or services.

Expenses

In December 2014, the Company entered into a consulting arrangement with Hans J. Sack who was subsequently appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company on December 17, 2014. Total consideration under the consulting arrangement was approximately $75, of which approximately $50 was included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss during the quarter ended March 31, 2015, based on the services rendered (the remaining amount having been recorded by the Company during the quarter ended December 31, 2014). This arrangement was approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company in connection with the appointment of Hans J. Sack to the Board of Directors of the Company. In March 2015, Hans J. Sack resigned from the Board of Directors of the Company to accept a position as President of the Company.

Separate from the consulting arrangement further described above, the Company has purchased website design services and the corporate use of an airplane and leased office space from related parties under common control by the Chairman and CEO of the Company. The cost of these products and/or services for the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were approximately $6 for both periods. The cost of these products and/or services for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were approximately $10 and $15, respectively. None of the transactions met a threshold requiring review and approval by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company.  

Amounts due to related parties at June 30, 2016, were approximately $4 and are reflected in accounts payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Amounts due to related parties at December 31, 2015, were approximately $15 of which approximately $1 and $14 are reflected in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company also receives the benefit of the corporate use of an airplane from a related party under common control by the Chairman and CEO of the Company for no consideration. The Company estimates the fair market value of the benefits received during the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were approximately $2 and $5, respectively. The Company estimates the fair market value of the benefits received during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were approximately $4 and $22, respectively.

Note 14. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all of its activities and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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(dollars in thousands, except per-share amounts)

The following discussion and analysis should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act with respect to our future financial or business performance, strategies, or expectations. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by words or phrases such as “trend,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “pipeline,” “believe,” “comfortable,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “current,” “intention,” “estimate,” “position,” “assume,” “outlook,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve,” as well as similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” and “may.”

We caution that forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and we assume no duty to and do not undertake to update forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance.

In addition to items described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, the following factors, among others, could cause results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance: timing and length of sales of three dimensional (“3D”) printing machines; risks related to global operations including effects of foreign currency and risks related to the situation in the Ukraine; our ability to qualify more industrial materials in which we can print; the availability of skilled personnel; the impact of increases in operating expenses and expenses relating to proposed investments and alliances; our strategy, including the expansion and growth of our operations; the impact of loss of key management; our plans regarding increased international operations in additional international locations; sufficiency of funds for required capital expenditures, working capital, and debt service; the adequacy of sources of liquidity; expectations regarding demand for our industrial products, operating revenues, operating and maintenance expenses, insurance expenses and deductibles, interest expenses, debt levels, and other matters with regard to outlook; demand for aerospace, automotive, heavy equipment, energy/oil/gas and other industrial products; individual customer contractual requirements; the scope, nature or impact of alliances and strategic investments and our ability to integrate strategic investments; liabilities under laws and regulations protecting the environment; the impact of governmental laws and regulations; operating hazards, war, terrorism and cancellation or unavailability of insurance coverage; the effect of litigation and contingencies; the impact of disruption of our manufacturing facilities or production service centers (“PSCs”); the adequacy of our protection of our intellectual property; material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting; the impact of customer specific terms in machine sale agreements on the period in which we recognize revenue; the impact of market conditions and other factors on the carrying value of long-lived assets; and our ability to continue as a going concern.

Overview

Our Business

We are a global provider of 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services to industrial customers. Our business primarily consists of manufacturing and selling 3D printing machines and printing products to specification for our customers using our installed base of 3D printing machines. Our machines serve direct and indirect applications.  Direct printing produces a component; indirect printing makes a tool to produce a component. We offer pre-production collaboration and print products for customers through our network of PSCs. We also supply the associated materials, including consumables and replacement parts, and other services, including training and technical support that is necessary for purchasers of our 3D printing machines to print products. We believe that our ability to print in a variety of industrial materials, as well as our industry-leading printing capacity (as measured by build box size and printhead speed) uniquely position us to serve the needs of industrial customers.

Recent Developments

Our results of operations for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, benefited from an increase in sales of 3D printing machines and as a result, our gross profit increased due to contribution margin realized in connection with those sales. Overall, our cost of sales and operating expenses have stabilized following the transition and expansion of certain of our global facilities and the deployment of our new enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system (both of which were finalized during 2015). Our liquidity has continued to improve following certain financing transactions (our registered direct offering to a related party and ATM offerings of our common stock) executed during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, and improvements in our cash flows from operations and a reduction in our capital expenditures.

In April 2016, we committed to a plan to consolidate certain of our 3D printing operations in our Auburn, Washington facility into our North Las Vegas, Nevada facility and reorganize certain of our corporate departments as part of our 2016 operating plan. As a

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result of these actions, during the quarter ended June 30, 2016, we incurred a net charge of approximately $170 including, $57 associated with involuntary employee terminations and $113 associated with the disposal of certain property and equipment related to our Auburn, Washington facility which was either sold or abandoned. This net charge was split between cost of sales ($129), research and development ($2) and selling, general and administrative expenses ($39) in the accompanying condensed statement of consolidated operations and comprehensive loss. In addition to the net charge incurred by us in connection with this plan, we also have an operating lease commitment for the Auburn, Washington facility with a lease term through December 2018. At the time of closure of this facility, we were able to secure a firmly committed sublease arrangement with a third party which fully offsets our remaining contractual operating lease liability. There are no additional charges expected to be incurred associated with this plan in future periods. Of the amounts associated with involuntary employee terminations, approximately $5 remained unsettled at June 30, 2016 (included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet). These remaining amounts were settled by us in July 2016. The consolidation of our 3D printing operations in our Auburn, Washington facility into our North Las Vegas, Nevada facility is not expected to have a significant impact on our revenues in future periods. We expect annualized cost savings related to the plan (including the closure of the Auburn, Washington facility and reorganization of corporate departments) of approximately $1,000, with approximately $800 in the form of cash cost savings and approximately $200 in the form of reduced depreciation expense.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2016, as a result of continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies, we identified a triggering event requiring a test for the recoverability of long-lived assets held for use at the asset group level. Assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held for use requires significant judgments and estimates by management.

For purposes of testing long-lived assets for recoverability, we operate as three separate asset groups: United States, Europe and Japan. In assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets held for use, we determined the carrying amount of long-lived assets held for use to be in excess of the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows of the related assets. We proceeded to determine the fair value of our long-lived assets held for use, principally through use of the market approach. Our use of the market approach included consideration of market transactions for comparable assets. Management concluded that the fair value of long-lived assets held for use exceeded their carrying value and as such no impairment loss was recorded.   

A significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the use or condition of a long-lived asset, adverse change in the business climate or legal or regulatory factors impacting a long-lived asset and continued operating losses and cash flow deficiencies associated with a long-lived asset, among other indicators, could cause a future assessment to be performed which may result in an impairment of long-lived assets held for use, resulting in a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Note the following highlights for the six months ended June 30, 2016:

Outlook

Our 2016 priorities include the following:

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Backlog

At June 30, 2016, our backlog was approximately $19,500 of which approximately $17,900 is expected to be fulfilled during the next twelve months. At December 31, 2015, our backlog was approximately $16,500.

Results of Operations

Net Loss

Net loss for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, was $2,942, or $0.18 per basic and diluted share, compared with a net loss of $6,898 or $0.48 per basic and diluted share, for the quarter ended June 30, 2015. Net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $8,419, or $0.53 per basic and diluted share, compared with a net loss of $14,569 or $1.01 per basic and diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

The decrease in our net loss for both periods was due to an increase in our revenues and gross profit principally based on an increase in volume and favorable mix of revenues from 3D printing machines and an increase in revenues from 3D printed and other products, materials and services, coupled with the elimination of certain production inefficiencies experienced during 2015 as a result of our global facilities transition and expansion activities and ERP system deployment (effective January 1, 2015). In addition, we experienced a net reduction in operating expenses, driven by a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, primarily as a result of net recoveries for bad debts and a reduction in consulting and professional fees, all of which was offset by an increase in research and development costs, mostly attributable to certain material costs incurred in connection with machine development and material qualification activities.

Revenue

The following table summarizes revenue by product line:

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Revenue for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, was $11,755 compared with revenue of $8,498 for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $3,257, or 38.3%. The increase in revenue was as a result of increases to both of our product lines (3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services). The increase in revenues from 3D printing machines resulted from both an increase in volume of 3D printing machines sold (nine 3D printing machines sold during the quarter ended June 30, 2016, as compared to seven 3D printing machines sold during the quarter ended June 30, 2015) and a favorable mix of 3D printing machines sold (as we sold four indirect printers during the quarter ended June 30, 2016, as compared to zero during the quarter ended June 30, 2015, as indirect printers generally bear a higher selling price than direct printers). The increase in revenues from 3D printed and other products, materials and services resulted from an overall continued increase in customer acceptance and demand for our additive manufacturing technologies, including an increase in materials and service revenues associated with an increased global installed base of our 3D printing machines and the sale of the remaining inventories associated with our former laser micromachining production line (approximately $475) during the quarter ended June 30, 2016.

Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $20,169 compared with revenue of $15,291 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $4,878, or 31.9%. The increase in revenue was as a result of increases to both of our product lines (3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products, materials and services). The increase in revenues from 3D printing machines resulted from both an increase in volume of 3D printing machines sold (ten 3D printing machines sold during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to nine 3D printing machines sold during the six months ended June 30, 2015) and a favorable mix of 3D printing machines sold (as we sold five indirect printers during the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to zero during the six months ended June 30, 2015, indirect printers generally bearing a higher selling price than direct printers). The increase in revenues from 3D printed and other products, materials and services resulted from an overall continued increase in customer acceptance and demand for our additive manufacturing technologies, including an increase in materials and service revenues associated with an increased global installed base of our 3D printing machines, the sale of the remaining inventories associated with our former laser micromachining production line (approximately $475) during the quarter ended June 30, 2016, and an increase in revenues derived from certain contractual research and development activities.

The following table summarizes 3D printing machines sold by type (refer to the “Our Machines and Machine Platforms” section of Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, for a description of 3D printing machines by type):

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

Cost of sales for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, was $8,249 compared with cost of sales of $7,393 for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $856, or 11.6%. The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to increases in our variable cost of sales associated with our increased revenues. Offsetting this increase was the benefit of the reversal of our reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventories related to our sale of the remaining inventories associated with our former laser micromachining product line (approximately $507) during the quarter ended June 30, 2016, and a reduction in certain production inefficiencies experienced during 2015 as a result of the transition and expansion of our facilities in Germany and the United States, and the deployment of our ERP system (effective January 1, 2015).

Gross profit for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, was $3,506 compared with gross profit of $1,105 for the quarter ended June 30, 2015. Gross profit percentage was 29.8% for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, compared with 13.0% for the quarter ended June 30, 2015. The increase in gross profit was the result of the increase in revenues offset by the increase in cost of sales as further cited above.

Cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $14,787 compared with cost of sales of $14,186 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $601, or 4.2%. The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to increases in our variable cost of sales associated with our increased revenues. Offsetting this increase was the benefit of the reversal of our reserve for obsolete and slow-moving inventories related to our sale of the remaining inventories associated with our former laser micromachining product line

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(approximately $507) during the quarter ended June 30, 2016, and a reduction in certain production inefficiencies experienced during 2015 as a result of the transition and expansion of our facilities in Germany and the United States, and the deployment of our ERP system (effective January 1, 2015).

Gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $5,382 compared with gross profit of $1,105 for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Gross profit percentage was 26.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared with 7.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The increase in gross profit was the result of the increase in revenues offset by the increase in cost of sales as further cited above.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, were $1,946 compared with research and development expenses of $1,659 for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $287, or 17.3%.

Research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2016, were $3,839 compared with research and development expenses of $3,393 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $446, or 13.1%.

The increase in research and development expenses for both periods was primarily due to an increase in costs associated with materials qualification and machine development activities, principally materials usage for both our direct and indirect printing applications.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, were $4,663 compared with selling, general and administrative expenses of $6,343 for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, a decrease of $1,680, or 26.5%. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was principally due to net recoveries of bad debts of approximately $276 during the quarter ended June 30, 2016 as compared to a net provision for bad debts of approximately $452 during the quarter ended June 30, 2015, a reduction in consulting and professional fees (including costs associated with the deployment of our ERP system during 2015) and a reduction in costs associated with trade show activities (mostly due to the absence of costs associated with the GIFA International Foundry Trade Fair in June 2015), all of which was offset by the absence of the reversal of the remaining contingent consideration associated with our acquisition of Machin-a-Mation during the quarter ended June 30, 2015.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2016, were $9,988 compared with selling, general and administrative expenses of $12,461 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, a decrease of $2,473, or 19.8%. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was principally due to net recoveries of bad debts of approximately $271 during the six months ended June 30, 2016 as compared to a net provision for bad debts of approximately $324 during the six months ended June 30, 2015, a reduction in consulting and professional fees (including costs associated with the deployment of our ERP system during 2015) and a reduction in costs associated with trade show activities (mostly due to the absence of costs associated with the GIFA International Foundry Trade Fair in June 2015), all of which was offset by the absence of the reversal of the remaining contingent consideration associated with our acquisition of Machin-a-Mation during the quarter ended June 30, 2015.  

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, was $22 compared with interest expense of $30 for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, a decrease of $8, or 26.7%. The decrease in interest expense was principally due to a lower average outstanding debt balance for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, as compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2015.

Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $254 compared with interest expense of $58 for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $196, or 337.9%. The increase in interest expense was principally due to the effect of the termination of the revolving credit facility with a related party during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, which resulted in an acceleration of amortization of debt issuance costs of approximately $204.

Other (Income) Expense – Net

Other (income) expense – net for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, was ($205) compared with other (income) expense – net of $71 for the quarter ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $276. Other (income) expense – net for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was ($298) compared with other (income) expense – net of ($79) for the six months ended June 30, 2015, an increase of $219. The increase in other (income) expense – net for both periods was principally due to an increase in net currency exchange gains on certain intercompany transactions between subsidiaries either settled or planned for settlement in the foreseeable future.

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, was $22 and ($100), respectively. The provision (benefit) for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, was $18 and ($159), respectively. The effective tax rate for the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, was 0.8% (provision on a loss) and 1.4% (benefit on a loss), respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, was 0.2% (provision on a loss) and 1.1% (benefit on a loss), respectively. For each of the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 34.0% primarily due to net changes in valuation allowances for the period.

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We have provided a valuation allowance for our net deferred tax assets as a result of our inability to generate consistent net operating profits in jurisdictions in which we operate. As such, any benefit from deferred taxes in either quarterly period has been fully offset by changes in the valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets. We continue to assess our future taxable income by jurisdiction based on (i) our recent historical operating results, (ii) the expected timing of reversal of temporary differences, (iii) various tax planning strategies that we may be able to enact in future periods, (iv) the impact of potential operating changes on our business and (v) our forecast results from operations in future periods based on available information at the end of each reporting period. To the extent that we are able to reach the conclusion that deferred tax assets are realizable based on any combination of the above factors, a reversal of existing valuation allowances may occur.

Impact of Inflation

Our results of operations and financial condition are presented based on historical cost. While it is difficult to accurately measure the impact of inflation due to the imprecise nature of the estimates required, we believe the effects of inflation, if any, on our results of operations and financial condition are not significant.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

We have incurred a net loss in each of our annual periods since our inception. In addition, we incurred a net loss of approximately $2,942 and $8,419 for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. In connection with the completion of our initial public offering and subsequent secondary offerings, we received cumulative unrestricted net proceeds from the sale of our common stock of approximately $170,353 to fund our operations. At June 30, 2016, we had approximately $31,884 in cash and cash equivalents.  

We believe that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to support our operating plan. If we anticipate that our actual results will differ from our operating plan, we believe we have sufficient capabilities to enact cost savings measures to preserve capital. Further, we may seek to raise additional capital to support our growth through additional debt, equity or other alternatives or a combination thereof.

Revolving Credit Facility with a Related Party

On October 23, 2015, ExOne and its ExOne Americas LLC and ExOne GmbH subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into the Credit Agreement with RHI, a related party, on a $15,000 revolving credit facility to (i) assist us in our efforts to finance customer acquisition of our 3D printing machines and 3D printed and other products and services and (ii) provide additional funding for working capital and general corporate purposes.  RHI was determined to be a related party based on common control by our Chairman and CEO. Prior to execution, the Credit Agreement was subject to review and approval by a sub-committee of independent members of our Board of Directors (which included each of the members of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors). We incurred approximately $215 in debt issuance costs associated with the Credit Agreement.

On January 10, 2016, we delivered notice to RHI of our intent to terminate the Credit Agreement in connection with the closing of a registered direct offering of common stock to an entity under common control by our Chairman and CEO (see further discussion below). There were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement from January 1, 2016 through the effective date of its termination, January 13, 2016.  In connection with the termination, we settled the remaining accrued interest under the Credit Agreement of approximately $5 relating to the commitment fee on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility (100 basis points, or 1.0% on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility). In addition, during the quarter ended March 31, 2016, we recorded approximately $204 to interest expense related to the accelerated amortization of debt issuance costs. Upon termination of the Credit Agreement, all liens and guaranties in respect thereof were released.

ATM Offerings

On January 8, 2016, we announced that we had entered into an ATM with FBR and MLV pursuant to which FBR and MLV agreed to act as distribution agents in the sale of up to $50,000 in the aggregate of ExOne common stock in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. Both FBR and MLV have been identified as related parties to us on the basis of significant influence in that a member of our Board of Directors also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of FBR (which controls MLV).  The terms of the ATM were reviewed and approved by a sub-committee of our Board of Directors (which included each of the members of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors except for the identified director who also holds a position on the Board of Directors of FBR).  Terms of the ATM require a 3.0% commission on the sale of common stock under the ATM and a reimbursement of certain legal expenses of $25.  During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, we sold 91,940 shares of common stock under the ATM at a weighted average selling price of approximately $9.17 per share resulting in gross proceeds to us of approximately $843.  Net proceeds to us from the sale of common stock under the ATM during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 were approximately $595 (after deducting offering costs of approximately $248, including certain legal, accounting and administrative costs associated with the ATM, of which approximately $50 was paid to FBR or MLV relating to the aforementioned reimbursement of certain legal expenses and commissions on the sale of common stock under the ATM).

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Our ongoing ability to issue and sell common stock under the ATM is dependent on our ability to use our Shelf, as filed on April 10, 2015. As a result of our delinquent filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015, our offerings and sales under the Shelf (and therefore the ATM) are currently suspended.

Registered Direct Offering to a Related Party

On January 11, 2016, we announced that we had entered into a subscription agreement with Rockwell Forest Products, Inc. and S. Kent Rockwell for the registered direct offering and sale of 1,423,877 shares of ExOne common stock at a per share price of $9.13 (a $0.50 premium from the closing price on the close of business on January 8, 2016).  The terms of this transaction were reviewed and approved by a sub-committee of independent members of our Board of Directors (which included each of the members of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors). The sub-committee of independent members of our Board of Directors were advised on the transaction by an independent financial advisor and independent legal counsel. Concurrent with the approval of this sale of common stock under the terms identified, the independent members of our Board of Directors also approved the termination of our revolving credit facility with RHI (see further discussion above).  Following completion of the registered direct offering on January 13, 2016, we received gross proceeds of approximately $13,000.  Net proceeds to us from the sale of common stock in the registered direct offering were approximately $12,447 (after deducting offering costs of approximately $553).

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the significant components of cash flows for each of the six months ended June 30 and our cash and cash equivalents balance at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

Operating Activities

Cash used for operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $167 compared with $8,106 for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The decrease of $7,939, or 97.9%, was mostly attributed to an increase in cash flows associated with a reduction in our net loss (further described above) and from net changes in assets and liabilities. Increases attributable to net changes in assets and liabilities were principally impacted by a reduction in net cash outflows associated with inventories based on our operating plans and increase in net cash inflows associated with prepaid expenses and other assets, principally due to a reduction in deposit payments to vendors (both changes part of our working capital management strategy). These increases were offset by a decrease in net cash inflows associated with accounts receivable and deferred revenue and customer prepayments and an increase in net outflows associated with accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities based on the timing of payment from customers and to vendors, respectively.  

Investing Activities

Cash used for investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $287 compared with $2,831 for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The decrease of $2,544, or 89.9%, was attributed to a decrease in capital expenditures (principally due to a reduction in spending for facility expansions) and approximately $44 in proceeds received from the sale of property and equipment (principally associated with our former Auburn, Washington PSC).

We expect our remaining 2016 capital expenditures to be limited to spending associated with sustaining our existing operations and strategic asset acquisition and deployment (estimated spending of approximately $1,000 to $2,000).

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $12,933 compared with cash used for financing activities of $259 for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Sources of cash for the six months ended June 30, 2016, included net proceeds from the issuance of common stock (see further discussion above). Uses of cash for the six months ended June 30, 2016, included principal payments on outstanding debt and capital leases.

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Uses of cash for the six months ended June 30, 2015, included principal payments on outstanding debt and capital and financing leases.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are not a party to any material off balance sheet arrangements.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Guidance

Refer to Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

We are exposed to market risk from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. We seek to minimize these risks through regular operating and financing activities. We do not currently utilize derivative financial instruments to offset market risk from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

The local currency is the functional currency for significant operations outside of the United States. The determination of the functional currency of an operation is made based on the appropriate economic and management indicators.

Foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated into their United States dollar equivalents based on period end spot exchange rates, and are included in stockholders’ equity as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations are charged to operations as incurred, except for gains and losses associated with certain long-term intercompany transactions for which settlement is not planned or anticipated in the foreseeable future, which are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

We transact business globally and are subject to risks associated with fluctuating foreign exchange rates. Approximately 46.5% and 36.9% of our consolidated revenue was derived from transactions outside the United States for the quarters ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Approximately 50.7% and 46.0% of our consolidated revenue was derived from transactions outside the United States for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

This revenue is generated primarily from wholly-owned subsidiaries operating in their respective countries and surrounding geographic areas. This revenue is primarily denominated in each subsidiary’s local functional currency, including the Euro and Japanese Yen. A hypothetical change in foreign exchange rates of +/- 10.0% for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2016, would result in an increase (decrease) in revenue of approximately $500 and $1,000, respectively. These subsidiaries incur most of their expenses (other than intercompany expenses) in their local functional currencies.

At June 30, 2016, we held approximately $31,884 in cash and cash equivalents of which approximately $26,431 was held by our United States parent in United States dollars.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2016. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, management concluded as of June 30, 2016, that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level due to material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 22, 2016.

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As a result of material weaknesses described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, we performed additional analysis and other post-closing procedures to ensure our condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, management believes that the financial statements and related notes thereto included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2016, with the oversight of executive management and the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, we continued to take steps and additional measures to remediate the underlying causes of the identified material weaknesses including:

We can provide no assurance at this time that management will be able to report that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective as of December 31, 2016. As an EGC, we are exempt from the requirement to obtain an attestation report from our independent registered public accounting firm on the assessment of our internal controls pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 until such time that we no longer qualify as an EGC.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

We are subject to various litigation, claims, and proceedings which have been or may be instituted or asserted from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that the outcome of any pending or threatened matters will have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The disclosure in this item updates and supplements the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The results of the United Kingdom’s referendum on its withdrawal from the European Union may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and our business.

As a multi-national company with material business operations in Europe, we are subject to risks generally associated with doing business internationally, many of which are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.  In June 2016, a majority of voters in the United Kingdom elected to withdraw from the European Union in a national referendum. The referendum was advisory, and the terms of any withdrawal are subject to a negotiation period that could last at least two years after the government of the United Kingdom formally initiates a withdrawal process.  The referendum has created significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union, and has given rise to calls for the governments of other European Union member states to consider withdrawal.  These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and could significantly reduce global market liquidity and restrict the ability of key market participants to operate in certain financial markets. Asset valuations, currency exchange rates and credit ratings may be especially subject to increased market volatility. Lack of clarity about future United Kingdom laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which European Union laws to replace or replicate in the event of a withdrawal could decrease foreign direct investment in the United Kingdom, increase costs, depress economic activity and restrict access to capital.  If the United Kingdom and the European Union are unable to negotiate acceptable withdrawal terms or if other European Union member states pursue withdrawal, barrier-free access between the United Kingdom and other European Union member states or among the European economic area overall could be diminished or eliminated. Any of these factors could have a direct or indirect impact on our business interests in the United Kingdom and the European Union, our customers and suppliers in the United Kingdom and European Union and our business interests outside the United Kingdom and European Union. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and reduce the price of our common stock.

(a)(3) Exhibits

The Exhibits listed on the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

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