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F5, INC. - Quarter Report: 2022 December (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2022
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission File Number 000-26041
F5, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Washington 91-1714307
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
801 5th Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98104
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(206) 272-5555
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par valueFFIVNASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer   Accelerated Filer 
Non-accelerated Filer 
  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller Reporting Company 
Emerging Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes      No  
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of January 27, 2023 was 60,120,642.


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F5, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2022
Table of Contents
 
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.Financial Statements
F5, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in thousands)
 
December 31,
2022
September 30,
2022
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$605,739 $758,012 
Short-term investments54,015 126,554 
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $6,417 and $6,020
485,277 469,979 
Inventories59,197 68,365 
Other current assets510,279 489,314 
Total current assets1,714,507 1,912,224 
Property and equipment, net167,709 168,182 
Operating lease right-of-use assets223,953 227,475 
Long-term investments7,812 9,544 
Deferred tax assets208,562 183,365 
Goodwill2,259,277 2,259,282 
Other assets, net503,748 516,122 
Total assets$5,085,568 $5,276,194 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable$71,760 $113,178 
Accrued liabilities330,524 309,819 
Deferred revenue1,131,195 1,067,182 
Current portion of long-term debt— 349,772 
Total current liabilities1,533,479 1,839,951 
Deferred tax liabilities2,973 2,781 
Deferred revenue, long-term628,924 624,398 
Operating lease liabilities, long-term267,700 272,376 
Other long-term liabilities70,143 67,710 
Total long-term liabilities969,740 967,265 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value; 10,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding
— — 
Common stock, no par value; 200,000 shares authorized, 60,117 and 59,860 shares issued and outstanding
129,060 91,048 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(23,219)(26,176)
Retained earnings2,476,508 2,404,106 
Total shareholders' equity2,582,349 2,468,978 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$5,085,568 $5,276,194 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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F5, INC.
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Net revenues
Products$340,558 $343,149 
Services359,820 343,951 
Total700,378 687,100 
Cost of net revenues
Products98,855 81,662 
Services56,152 53,411 
Total155,007 135,073 
Gross profit545,371 552,027 
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing233,105 234,035 
Research and development142,323 130,271 
General and administrative69,991 65,661 
Restructuring charges8,740 7,909 
Total454,159 437,876 
Income from operations91,212 114,151 
Other income (expense), net4,702 (2,431)
Income before income taxes95,914 111,720 
Provision for income taxes23,512 18,161 
Net income$72,402 $93,559 
Net income per share — basic$1.20 $1.54 
Weighted average shares — basic60,096 60,810 
Net income per share — diluted$1.20 $1.51 
Weighted average shares — diluted60,387 61,882 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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F5, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited, in thousands)
 
Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Net income$72,402 $93,559 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment2,250 (517)
Available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net of taxes of $114 and $(74) for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
767 (621)
Reclassification adjustment for realized losses included in net income, net of taxes of $20 and $2 for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively
(60)(4)
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax707 (625)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)2,957 (1,142)
Comprehensive income$75,359 $92,417 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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F5, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(unaudited, in thousands)

 Common StockAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Retained
Earnings
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 SharesAmount
Three months ended December 31, 2021
Balances, September 30, 202160,652 $192,458 $(20,073)$2,187,828 $2,360,213 
Exercise of employee stock options50 1,255 — — 1,255 
Issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan169 26,325 — — 26,325 
Issuance of restricted stock442 — — — — 
Repurchase of common stock(539)(125,011)— — (125,011)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards(63)(13,595)— — (13,595)
Stock-based compensation— 63,757 — — 63,757 
Net income— — — 93,559 93,559 
Other comprehensive loss— — (1,142)— (1,142)
Balances, December 31, 202160,711 $145,189 $(21,215)$2,281,387 $2,405,361 
Three months ended December 31, 2022
Balances, September 30, 202259,860 $91,048 $(26,176)$2,404,106 $2,468,978 
Exercise of employee stock options14 435 — — 435 
Issuance of stock under employee stock purchase plan179 21,745 — — 21,745 
Issuance of restricted stock376 — — — — 
Repurchase of common stock(263)(40,005)— — (40,005)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards(49)(7,037)— — (7,037)
Stock-based compensation— 62,874 — — 62,874 
Net income— — — 72,402 72,402 
Other comprehensive income— — 2,957 — 2,957 
Balances, December 31, 202260,117 $129,060 $(23,219)$2,476,508 $2,582,349 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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F5, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)
 
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Operating activities
Net income$72,402 $93,559 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation62,874 63,757 
Depreciation and amortization27,472 30,260 
Non-cash operating lease costs10,167 9,663 
Deferred income taxes(25,070)(6,407)
Impairment of assets— 6,175 
Other358 (1,123)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities (excluding effects of the acquisition of businesses):
Accounts receivable(15,837)(77,223)
Inventories9,168 1,260 
Other current assets(20,602)(44,286)
Other assets(1,252)(21,774)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(19,981)(25,387)
Deferred revenue68,540 76,065 
Lease liabilities(10,608)(14,173)
Net cash provided by operating activities157,631 90,366 
Investing activities
Purchases of investments(680)(36,205)
Maturities of investments63,519 38,138 
Sales of investments12,167 34,549 
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired— (67,911)
Purchases of property and equipment(13,104)(10,564)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities61,902 (41,993)
Financing activities
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and purchases of stock under employee stock purchase plan
22,180 27,581 
Repurchase of common stock(40,005)(125,011)
Payments on term debt agreement
(350,000)(5,000)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards(7,037)(13,595)
Net cash used in financing activities(374,862)(116,025)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(155,329)(67,652)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash3,079 (861)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period762,207 584,333 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$609,957 $515,820 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities$13,665 $16,500 
Cash paid for interest on long-term debt2,970 1,252 
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations$6,193 $818 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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F5, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business
F5, Inc. (the "Company") is a leading provider of multi-cloud application security and delivery solutions which enable its customers to develop, deploy, operate, secure, and govern applications in any architecture, from on-premises to the public cloud. The Company's cloud, software, and hardware solutions enable its customers to deliver digital experiences to their customers faster, reliably, and at scale. The Company's enterprise-grade application services are available as cloud-based, software-as-a-service, and software-only solutions optimized for multi-cloud environments, with modules that can run independently, or as part of an integrated solution on its high-performance appliances. In connection with its solutions, the Company offers a broad range of professional services, including consulting, training, installation, maintenance, and other technical support services.
Basis of Presentation
The year-end consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for their fair statement in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.
There have been no changes to the Company's significant accounting policies as of and for the three months ended December 31, 2022.
New Accounting Pronouncements
There have been no material changes in recently issued or adopted accounting standards from those disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.
2. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Capitalized Contract Acquisition Costs
The table below shows significant movements in capitalized contract acquisition costs (current and noncurrent) for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
Three months ended
December 31,
20222021
Balance, beginning of period$77,220 $77,836 
Additional capitalized contract acquisition costs6,267 10,512 
Amortization of capitalized contract acquisition costs(9,687)(9,414)
Balance, end of period$73,800 $78,934 
Amortization of capitalized contract acquisition costs was $9.7 million and $9.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is recorded in Sales and Marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated income statements. There was no impairment of any capitalized contract acquisition costs during any period presented.
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Contract Balances
Timing may differ between the satisfaction of performance obligations and the invoicing and collection of amounts related to the Company's contracts with customers. Liabilities are recorded for amounts that are collected in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations, or for contracts with customers that contain the Company's unconditional rights to consideration, for which the customer has not been billed. These liabilities are classified as current and non-current deferred revenue.
The table below shows significant movements in the deferred revenue balances (current and noncurrent) for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
Three months ended
December 31,
20222021
Balance, beginning of period$1,691,580 $1,489,842 
Amounts added but not recognized as revenues460,408 441,591 
Deferred revenue acquired through acquisition of businesses— 10,591 
Revenues recognized related to the opening balance of deferred revenue(391,869)(365,525)
Balance, end of period$1,760,119 $1,576,499 
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations represent the amount of the transaction price under contracts with customers that are attributable to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied at the reporting date. The composition of unsatisfied performance obligations consists mainly of deferred service revenue, and to a lesser extent, deferred product revenue, for which the Company has an obligation to perform, and has not yet recognized as revenue in the consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2022, the total non-cancelable remaining performance obligations under the Company's contracts with customers was $1.8 billion and the Company expects to recognize revenues on approximately 64.3% of these remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, 22.6% in year two, and the remaining balance thereafter.
See Note 12, Segment Information, for disaggregated revenue by significant customer and geographic region, as well as disaggregated product revenue by systems and software.
3. Fair Value Measurements
In accordance with the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements and disclosure under GAAP, the Company determines fair value using a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity, and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances and expands disclosure about fair value measurements.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, essentially the exit price.
The levels of fair value hierarchy are:
Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities at the measurement date that the Company has the ability to access.
Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data available. These inputs reflect management's assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
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Level 1 investments are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets and include the Company's cash equivalent investments. Level 2 investments, which include investments that are valued based on quoted prices in markets that are not active, broker or dealer quotations, actual trade data, benchmark yields or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency, include the Company's certificates of deposit, corporate bonds and notes, municipal bonds and notes, U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities and international government securities. Fair values for the Company's level 2 investments are based on similar assets without applying significant judgments. In addition, all of the Company's level 2 investments have a sufficient level of trading volume to demonstrate that the fair values used are appropriate for these investments.
A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. However, the determination of what constitutes "observable" requires significant judgment by the Company. The Company considers observable data to be market data which is readily available, regularly distributed or updated, reliable and verifiable, not proprietary, and provided by independent sources that are actively involved in the relevant market.
Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis subject to the disclosure requirements at December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, were as follows (in thousands):
  Gross Unrealized Classification on Balance Sheet
December 31, 2022Fair Value Level Cost or Amortized Cost Gains Losses Aggregate
Fair Value
Cash and Cash Equivalents Short-Term Investments Long-Term Investments
Changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income
Money Market FundsLevel 1$208,279 $— $— $208,279 $208,279 $— $— 
Corporate bonds and notesLevel 230,908 — (613)30,295 — 26,595 3,700 
Municipal bonds and notesLevel 22,962 — (81)2,881 — 2,785 96 
U.S. government securitiesLevel 223,154 — (246)22,908 — 22,908 — 
U.S. government agency securitiesLevel 21,784 — (57)1,727 — 1,727 — 
Total debt investments$267,087 $— $(997)$266,090 $208,279 $54,015 $3,796 
Changes in fair value recorded in other net income (expense)
Equity investments*$4,016 $— $— $4,016 
Total equity investments4,016 — — 4,016 
Total investments$270,106 $208,279 $54,015 $7,812 
 * The fair value of this equity investment is measured at net asset value (NAV) which approximates fair value and is not classified within the fair value hierarchy.
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  Gross Unrealized Classification on Balance Sheet
September 30, 2022Fair Value LevelCost or Amortized Cost Gains Losses Aggregate
Fair Value
Cash and Cash Equivalents Short-Term Investments Long-Term Investments
Changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income
Money Market FundsLevel 1$276,294 $— $— $276,294 $276,294 $— $— 
Corporate bonds and notesLevel 250,828 — (950)49,878 912 44,356 4,610 
Municipal bonds and notesLevel 25,018 — (102)4,916 — 3,812 1,104 
U.S. government securitiesLevel 284,734 — (660)84,074 10,120 73,954 — 
U.S. government agency securitiesLevel 25,825 — (75)5,750 606 4,432 712 
Total debt investments$422,699 $— $(1,787)$420,912 $287,932 $126,554 $6,426 
Changes in fair value recorded in other net income (expense)
Equity investments*$3,118 $— $— $3,118 
Total equity investments3,118 — — 3,118 
Total investments$424,030 $287,932 $126,554 $9,544 
* The fair value of this equity investment is measured at NAV which approximates fair value and is not classified within the fair value hierarchy.
The Company uses the fair value hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities. The carrying amounts of other current financial assets and other current financial liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.
Interest income from investments was not material for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Interest income is included in other income (expense), net on the Company's consolidated income statements. Unrealized losses on investments held for a period greater than 12 months at December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022 were not material.
The Company invests in debt securities that are rated investment grade. The Company reviews the individual debt securities in its portfolio to determine whether a credit loss exists by comparing the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost and considering any changes to ratings of a debt security by a ratings agency. The Company determined that as of December 31, 2022, there were no credit losses on any investments within its portfolio.
Assets Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The Company's non-financial assets and liabilities, which include goodwill, intangible assets, and long-lived assets, are not required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis. These non-financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis when there is an indicator of impairment, and they are recorded at fair value only when impairment is recognized. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually, during the second quarter of each fiscal year, or as circumstances indicate the possibility of impairment. The Company monitors the carrying value of tangible and intangible long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate its carrying amount may not be recoverable.
The Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to its intangible assets in the first quarter of fiscal 2023. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, as a result of a planned change in the use of the asset, the Company recorded an impairment of $6.2 million against the Shape trade name intangible asset, which was reflected in the Sales and Marketing line item on the Company's consolidated income statement.
During the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to goodwill or long-lived assets.
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4. Business Combinations
Fiscal Year 2022 Acquisition of Threat Stack, Inc.
In September 2021, the Company entered into a Merger Agreement (the “Threat Stack Merger Agreement”) with Threat Stack, Inc. ("Threat Stack"), a provider of cloud security and workload protection solutions. The transaction closed on October 1, 2021 with Threat Stack becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of F5. The addition of Threat Stack’s cloud security capabilities to F5’s application and Application Programming Interface ("API") protection solutions is expected to enhance visibility across application infrastructure and workloads to deliver more actionable security insights for customers.
Pursuant to the Threat Stack Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger, the capital stock of Threat Stack and the vested outstanding and unexercised stock options in Threat Stack were cancelled and converted to the right to receive approximately $68.9 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments and conditions set forth in the Threat Stack Merger Agreement. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition were not material.
As a result of the acquisition, the Company acquired all the assets and assumed all the liabilities of Threat Stack. The goodwill related to the Threat Stack acquisition is comprised primarily of expected synergies from combining operations and the acquired intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. Goodwill related to the Threat Stack acquisition was not deductible for tax purposes. The results of operations of Threat Stack have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. 
The allocated purchase consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on preliminary estimated fair values is presented in the following table (in thousands):
Estimated
Useful Life
Assets acquired
Deferred tax assets$14,041 
Other net tangible assets acquired, at fair value5,481 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash911 
Identifiable intangible assets:
Developed technology11,400 5 years
Customer relationships4,400 5 years
Goodwill43,282 
Total assets acquired$79,515 
Liabilities assumed
Deferred revenue$(10,591)
Total liabilities assumed$(10,591)
Net assets acquired$68,924 
The measurement period for the Threat Stack acquisition lapsed during the first quarter of fiscal 2023. The Company recorded immaterial adjustments to consideration exchanged for the purchase of Threat Stack within the post-close measurement period.
The developed technology intangible asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of five years and included in cost of net product revenues. The customer relationships intangible asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of five years and included in sales and marketing expenses. The weighted-average life of the amortizable intangible assets recognized from the Threat Stack acquisition was five years as of October 1, 2021, the date the transaction closed. The estimated useful lives for the acquired intangible assets were based on the expected future cash flows associated with the respective asset.
The pro forma financial information, as well as the revenue and earnings generated by Threat Stack, were not material to the Company's operations for the periods presented.
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5. Balance Sheet Details
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of the Company's cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows for the periods presented (in thousands):
 December 31,
2022
September 30,
2022
Cash and cash equivalents$605,739 $758,012 
Restricted cash included in other assets, net4,218 4,195 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$609,957 $762,207 
Inventories
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
2022
September 30,
2022
Finished goods$9,947 $10,164 
Raw materials49,250 58,201 
$59,197 $68,365 
Other Current Assets
Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
2022
September 30,
2022
Unbilled receivables$333,816 $319,707 
Prepaid expenses74,613 57,340 
Capitalized contract acquisition costs33,828 34,658 
Other1
68,022 77,609 
$510,279 $489,314 
(1)     As of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, includes a deposit of $47.5 million and $57.0 million, respectively, used to support the working capital needs of the Company’s primary contract manufacturer's procurement of components used in the manufacturing of system hardware.
Other Assets
Other assets, net consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
2022
September 30,
2022
Intangible assets$187,367 $200,288 
Unbilled receivables226,120 224,780 
Capitalized contract acquisition costs39,972 42,561 
Other50,289 48,493 
$503,748 $516,122 
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Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
 December 31,
2022
September 30,
2022
Payroll and benefits$140,995 $165,437 
Operating lease liabilities, current43,397 42,523 
Income and other tax accruals79,878 41,217 
Other66,254 60,642 
$330,524 $309,819 
Other Long-term Liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
2022
September 30,
2022
Income taxes payable$61,865 $59,553 
Other8,278 8,157 
$70,143 $67,710 
6. Debt Facilities
Term Credit Agreement
In connection with the acquisition of Shape, on January 24, 2020, the Company entered into a Term Credit Agreement ("Term Credit Agreement") with certain institutional lenders that provides for a senior unsecured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million (the "Term Loan Facility"). The Term Loan Facility had an original maturity date of January 24, 2023 with quarterly installments equal to 1.25% of the original principal amount. Borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bore interest at a rate equal to LIBOR, plus an applicable margin of 1.125% to 1.75% depending on the Company's leverage ratio. The proceeds from the Term Loan Facility were primarily used to finance the acquisition of Shape and related expenses. In connection with the Term Loan Facility, the Company incurred $2.2 million in debt issuance costs, which are recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of the principal amount of the debt.
On December 15, 2022, the Company voluntarily prepaid, in full, all borrowings under the Term Loan Facility, including the outstanding principal balance of $350.0 million, and all accrued, but unpaid interest outstanding of $3.0 million. All remaining debt issuance costs were amortized to interest expense associated with the prepayment. As a result of the payoff of its Term Loan Facility, the Company was released of any and all obligations, maintenance of covenants, and indebtedness under the Term Credit Agreement.
As of September 30, 2022, $350.0 million of principal amount under the Term Loan Facility was outstanding, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.2 million. The weighted average interest rate on the principal amount under the Term Loan Facility outstanding balance was 4.072% and 1.282% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Revolving Credit Agreement
On January 31, 2020, the Company entered into a Revolving Credit Agreement (the "Revolving Credit Agreement") that provides for a senior unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). The Company has the option to increase commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility from time to time, subject to certain conditions, by up to $150.0 million. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company's option, (a) LIBOR, adjusted for customary statutory reserves, plus an applicable margin of 1.125% to 1.75% depending on the Company's leverage ratio, or (b) an alternate base rate determined in accordance with the Revolving Credit Agreement, plus an applicable margin of 0.125% to 0.750% depending on the Company's leverage ratio. The Revolving Credit Agreement also requires payment of a commitment fee calculated at a rate per annum of 0.125% to 0.300% depending on the Company's leverage ratio on the undrawn portion of the Revolving Credit Facility. Commitment fees incurred during the three months ended December 31, 2022 were not material.
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The Revolving Credit Facility matures on January 31, 2025, at which time any remaining outstanding principal of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility is due. The Company has the option to request up to two extensions of the maturity date in each case for an additional period of one year. Among certain affirmative and negative covenants provided in the Revolving Credit Agreement, there is a financial covenant that requires the Company to maintain a leverage ratio, calculated as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, of consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA. As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants. As of December 31, 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, and the Company had available borrowing capacity of $350.0 million.
7. Leases
The majority of the Company's operating lease payments relate to its corporate headquarters in Seattle, Washington, which includes approximately 515,000 square feet of office space. The lease commenced in April 2019 and expires in 2033 with an option for renewal. The Company also leases additional office and lab space for product development and sales and support personnel in the United States and internationally. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The components of the Company's operating lease expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Operating lease expense$12,516 $11,914 
Short-term lease expense655 556 
Variable lease expense5,336 6,244 
Total lease expense
$18,507 $18,714 
Variable lease expense primarily consists of common area maintenance and parking expenses.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company's operating leases was as follows (in thousands, except lease term and discount rate):
December 31, 2022September 30, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net$223,953 $227,475 
Operating lease liabilities, current1
43,397 42,523 
Operating lease liabilities, long-term267,700 272,376 
Total operating lease liabilities
$311,097 $314,899 
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)9.09.2
Weighted average discount rate2.70 %2.66 %
(1)Current portion of operating lease liabilities is included in accrued liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
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As of December 31, 2022, the future operating lease payments for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Years Ending September 30:Operating Lease
Payments
2023 (remainder)$38,611 
202448,196 
202540,683 
202630,812 
202729,746 
202827,885 
Thereafter138,747 
Total lease payments354,680 
Less: imputed interest(43,583)
Total lease liabilities$311,097 
Operating lease liabilities above do not include sublease income. As of December 31, 2022, the Company expects to receive sublease income of approximately $19.1 million, which consists of $5.4 million to be received for the remainder of fiscal 2023 and $13.7 million to be received over the three fiscal years thereafter. There were no impairments against right-of-use assets for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no significant operating leases that were executed but not yet commenced. 
8. Commitments and Contingencies
Guarantees and Product Warranties
In the normal course of business to facilitate sales of its products, the Company indemnifies other parties, including customers, resellers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations or covenants, or out of intellectual property infringement or other claims made against certain parties. These agreements may limit the time within which an indemnification claim can be made and the amount of the claim. The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors and certain other employees, and the Company's bylaws contain similar indemnification obligations to the Company's agents. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement.
The Company generally offers warranties of one year for hardware for those customers without service contracts, with the option of purchasing additional warranty coverage in yearly increments. The Company accrues for warranty costs as part of its cost of sales based on associated material product costs and technical support labor costs. Accrued warranty costs as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022 were not material.
Commitments
In October 2022, the Company entered into an unconditional purchase commitment with one of its suppliers for the delivery of systems components. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company is obligated to purchase $10 million of component inventory annually, with a total committed amount of $40 million over a four-year term. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has $1.8 million of remaining purchases under the first year of its commitment. The Company's total non-cancelable long-term purchase commitments outstanding as of December 31, 2022 was $31.8 million.
The Company leases its facilities under operating leases that expire at various dates through 2033. There have been no material changes in the Company's lease obligations compared to those discussed in Note 7 to its annual consolidated financial statements.
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Legal Proceedings
Lynwood Investment CY Limited v. F5 Networks et al.
On June 8, 2020, Lynwood Investment CY Limited (“Lynwood”) filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and certain affiliates, along with other defendants. In its complaint, Lynwood claims to be the assignee of all rights and interests of Rambler Internet Holding LLC (“Rambler”), and alleges that the intellectual property in the NGINX software originally released by the co-founder of NGINX in 2004 belongs to Rambler (and therefore Lynwood, by assignment) because the software was created and developed while the co-founder was employed by Rambler. Lynwood asserts 26 causes of action against the various defendants, including copyright infringement, violation of trademark law, tortious interference, conspiracy, and fraud. The complaint seeks damages, disgorgement of profits, fees and costs, declarations of copyright and trademark ownership, trademark cancellations, and injunctive relief. Lynwood also initiated several trademark opposition and cancellation proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, which have all since been suspended. In August and October 2020, the Company and the other defendants filed motions to dismiss all claims asserted against them in the lawsuit. While these motions were pending, the Court ordered Lynwood to select ten of its twenty-six claims to litigate through trial while the remaining sixteen claims would be stayed pending resolution of the ten selected claims.
On March 25 and 30, 2021, the Court dismissed the ten selected claims and granted Lynwood leave to cure the deficiencies in its complaint though it expressed doubt about Lynwood’s ability to do so. The Court further ruled that Lynwood may not add new causes of action or add new parties without stipulation or leave of court, and that unless Lynwood corrects “all the defects” identified in the Court’s orders and the Company’s and other defendants’ motions to dismiss, the Court will dismiss the ten claims with prejudice. On April 6, 2021, the Court referred the parties to private mediation to be completed by June 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Court’s order, the parties held a private mediation on May 27, 2021. The matter did not resolve.
On April 29, 2021, Lynwood filed its amended complaint, seeking the same relief against the Company and other defendants. On May 27, 2021, the Company and other defendants filed a consolidated motion to dismiss the claims Lynwood had selected to proceed to litigate through trial, reserving their right to move to dismiss the 16 stayed claims once the Court lifts the stay. The motion to dismiss was set to be heard by the Court on October 14, 2021, but on October 11, 2021, the Court vacated the hearing and gave notice that it will decide the motion on the papers without oral argument.
On August 16, 2022, the Court granted the consolidated motion to dismiss the claims Lynwood had selected to proceed to litigate through trial, without leave to amend the claims, thereby dismissing those claims with prejudice. On September 2, 2022, Lynwood informed the Court it changed its name to Hemma Investments CY Limited. On September 9, 2022, the parties stipulated to the dismissal of the remaining 16 stayed claims, with prejudice, and the Court entered a final judgment. On September 14, 2022, Lynwood filed a notice of appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals to appeal the Court’s dismissal of the claims Lynwood had selected to proceed to litigate through trial. Lynwood’s opening appeal brief was filed on December 16, 2022 after having been granted a 30-day extension by the Court. The Company was granted a 60-day extension to file its answering brief, which is now due on March 20, 2023. Lynwood’s reply will be due April 10, 2023.
Following the Court’s order granting the consolidated motion to dismiss and final judgment in the Company’s favor, the Company filed a motion on September 30, 2022 for an award of attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in defending against Lynwood’s claim of direct copyright infringement and related claims that were dismissed by the Court’s order. On December 19, 2022, the Court granted the Company’s motion, finding that the Company is entitled to an award of attorneys’ fees. The Court asked for supplemental briefing and submissions to determine the exact amount of fees to which the Company is entitled. The supplemental briefing will be complete, and the motion will stand submitted, as of February 21, 2023.
In addition to the above matters, the Company is subject to a variety of legal proceedings, claims, investigations, and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property litigation. Management believes that the Company has meritorious defenses to the allegations made in its pending cases and intends to vigorously defend these lawsuits; however, the Company is unable to currently determine if an unfavorable outcome is probable or estimate any potential amount or range of possible loss of these or similar matters. There are many uncertainties associated with any litigation and these actions or other third-party claims against the Company may cause it to incur costly litigation and/or substantial settlement charges that could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
The Company records an accrual for loss contingencies for legal proceedings when it believes that an unfavorable outcome is both (a) probable and (b) the amount or range of any possible loss is reasonably estimable. The Company has not recorded any accrual for loss contingencies associated with such legal proceedings or the investigations discussed above.
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9. Income Taxes
The Company's tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items in the related period.
The effective tax rate was 24.5% and 16.3% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021 is primarily due to the tax impact of stock-based compensation and international operations.
At December 31, 2022, the Company had $68.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. It is anticipated that the Company’s existing liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits will change within the next twelve months due to audit settlements or the expiration of statutes of limitations. The Company does not expect these changes to be material to the consolidated financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and, if applicable, penalties for any uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense.
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as the income tax of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company has concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters for fiscal years through September 30, 2018. Major jurisdictions where there are wholly owned subsidiaries of F5, Inc. which require income tax filings include the United Kingdom, Singapore, Israel, and India. The earliest periods open for review by local taxing authorities are fiscal years 2020 for the United Kingdom, 2018 for Singapore, 2013 for Israel, and 2019 for India. The Company is currently under audit by various states for fiscal years 2016 through 2021, and by various foreign jurisdictions including Germany for fiscal years 2016 to 2019, India for fiscal years 2019 to 2020, Israel for fiscal years 2013 to 2017, Saudi Arabia for fiscal years 2015 to 2020, and Singapore for fiscal years 2019 to 2020. Within the next four fiscal quarters, the statute of limitations will begin to close on the fiscal year 2019 federal income tax return, fiscal years 2018 and 2019 state income tax returns, and fiscal years 2015 to 2021 foreign income tax returns.
10. Shareholders' Equity
Common Stock Repurchase
On July 25, 2022, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized an additional $1.0 billion for its common stock share repurchase program. This authorization is incremental to the existing $5.4 billion program, initially approved in October 2010 and expanded in subsequent fiscal years. Acquisitions for the share repurchase programs will be made from time to time in private transactions, accelerated share repurchase programs, or open market purchases as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements. The programs can be terminated at any time.
The following table summarizes the Company's repurchases and retirements of its common stock under its Stock Repurchase Program (in thousands, except per share data):
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Shares repurchased263539
Average price per share$151.87 $232.14 
Amount repurchased$40,005 $125,011 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $1,232 million remaining authorized to purchase shares under its share repurchase program.
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11. Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common stock equivalent shares outstanding during the period. The Company's nonvested restricted stock units do not have nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents and are not considered participating securities that should be included in the computation of earnings per share under the two-class method.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share data):
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Numerator
Net income$72,402 $93,559 
Denominator
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic60,096 60,810 
Dilutive effect of common shares from stock options and restricted stock units
291 1,072 
Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted60,387 61,882 
Basic net income per share$1.20 $1.54 
Diluted net income per share$1.20 $1.51 
Anti-dilutive stock-based awards excluded from the calculations of diluted earnings per share were not material for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
12. Segment Information
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Management has determined that the Company is organized as, and operates in, one reportable operating segment.
Revenues by Geographic Location and Other Information
The Company does business in three main geographic regions: the Americas (primarily the United States); Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); and the Asia Pacific region (APAC). The Company's chief operating decision-maker reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis accompanied by information about revenues by geographic region. The Company's foreign offices conduct sales, marketing and support activities. Revenues are attributed by geographic location based on the location of the customer.
The following presents revenues by geographic region (in thousands):
 
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Americas:
United States$375,748 $381,289 
Other26,410 21,702 
Total Americas402,158 402,991 
EMEA184,115 162,062 
Asia Pacific114,105 122,047 
$700,378 $687,100 
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The Company generates revenues from the sale of products and services. The Company continues to offer its products through a range of consumption models, from physical systems to software solutions and managed services. The following presents net product revenues by systems and software (in thousands):
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Net product revenues
Systems revenue$173,032 $180,157 
Software revenue167,526 162,992 
Total net product revenue$340,558 $343,149 
The following distributors of the Company's products accounted for more than 10% of total net revenue:
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Ingram Micro, Inc.17.6 %18.7 %
Synnex Corporation13.6 %12.2 %
The Company tracks assets by physical location. Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, net, and are shown below (in thousands):
 December 31,
2022
September 30,
2022
United States$129,281 $134,699 
EMEA21,416 17,376 
Other countries17,012 16,107 
$167,709 $168,182 
13. Restructuring Charges
In the first quarter of fiscal 2023 and 2022, the Company initiated restructuring plans to match strategic and financial objectives and optimize resources for long term growth, including a reduction in force program. In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a restructuring charge of $8.7 million. The Company does not expect to record any significant future charges related to the first quarter of fiscal 2023 restructuring plan. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company recorded a restructuring charge of $7.9 million. The Company did not record any significant subsequent charges related to the first quarter of fiscal 2022 restructuring plan.
During the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the following activity was recorded (in thousands):
Three months ended
December 31,
20222021
Employee Severance, Benefits and Related Costs
Accrued expenses, beginning of period$— $— 
Restructuring charges8,740 7,909 
Cash payments(6,354)(4,027)
Accrued expenses, end of period$2,386 $3,882 

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14. Subsequent Events
Acquisition of Lilac Cloud, Inc.
On January 22, 2023, the Company entered into a Merger Agreement (the “Lilac Merger Agreement”) with Lilac Cloud, Inc. ("Lilac"), a provider of innovative application delivery services. The transaction closed on February 1, 2023 with Lilac becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of F5. The addition of Lilac’s Content Delivery Network ("CDN") technologies will enhance F5’s portfolio of solutions that secure and optimize any application and API anywhere. The acquisition of Lilac is not expected to have a material impact to the Company's operating results. 
Item 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, strategies, intentions or other characterizations of future events or circumstances and are generally identified by the words "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates," and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on current information and expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" herein and in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We assume no obligation to revise or update any such forward-looking statements.
Overview
F5 is a leading provider of multi-cloud application security and delivery solutions which enable our customers to develop, deploy, operate, secure, and govern applications in any architecture, from on-premises to the public cloud. Our enterprise-grade application services are available as cloud-based, software-as-a-service, and software-only solutions optimized for multi-cloud environments, with modules that can run independently, or as part of an integrated solution on our high-performance appliances. We market and sell our products primarily through multiple indirect sales channels in the Americas; Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); and the Asia Pacific region (APAC). Enterprise customers (Fortune 1000 or Business Week Global 1000 companies) in the technology, telecommunications, financial services, transportation, education, manufacturing and health care industries, along with government customers, continue to make up the largest percentage of our customer base.
Our management team monitors and analyzes a number of key performance indicators in order to manage our business and evaluate our financial and operating performance on a consolidated basis. Those indicators include:
Revenues. Our revenue is derived from the sales of both global services and products. Our global services revenue includes annual maintenance contracts, training and consulting services. The majority of our product revenues are derived from sales of our application security and delivery solutions including our BIG-IP software and systems, F5 NGINX software, and our F5 Silverline offerings. Our BIG-IP software solutions are sold both on a perpetual license and a subscription basis. We sell F5 NGINX on a subscription basis. Our Silverline solution is a managed services offering, also sold on a subscription basis. During our fiscal year 2022, we launched F5 Distributed Cloud Services. F5 Distributed Cloud Services provides security, multi-cloud networking, and edge-based computing solutions, encompassing software solutions from what were previously branded as our Shape, Volterra, and Silverline product offerings. F5 Distributed Cloud Services are offered on a subscription basis, under a unified software-as-a-service ("SaaS") platform.

We monitor the sales mix of our revenues within each reporting period. We believe customer acceptance rates of our new products, feature enhancements and consumption models are indicators of future trends. We also consider overall revenue concentration by geographic region as an additional indicator of current and future trends. Toward the end of fiscal 2022, and continuing through the first quarter of fiscal 2023, we saw changes in customer buying patterns due to the uncertain macroeconomic environment. We will continue to closely monitor the macroeconomic environment and its impacts on our business.
Cost of revenues and gross margins. We strive to control our cost of revenues and thereby maintain our gross margins. Significant items impacting cost of revenues are hardware costs paid to our contract manufacturers, third-party software license fees, software-as-a-service infrastructure costs, amortization of developed technology and personnel and overhead expenses. In addition, factors such as sales price, product and services mix, inventory obsolescence, returns, component price increases, warranty costs, global supply chain constraints, and the remaining uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic could significantly impact our gross margins from quarter to quarter.
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Operating expenses. Operating expenses are substantially driven by personnel and related overhead expenses. Existing headcount and future hiring plans are the predominant factors in analyzing and forecasting future operating expense trends. Other significant operating expenses that we monitor include marketing and promotions, travel, professional fees, computer costs related to the development of new products and provision of services, facilities and depreciation expenses.
Liquidity and cash flows. Our financial condition remains strong with significant cash and investments. The decrease in cash and investments for the first three months of fiscal year 2023 was primarily due to cash used for the voluntary prepayment of the Term Loan Facility, including the outstanding principal balance of $350.0 million, and all accrued, but unpaid interest outstanding of $3.0 million. In addition, $40.0 million of cash was used for the repurchase of outstanding common stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease in cash and investments for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 was partially offset by cash provided by operating activities of $157.6 million. Going forward, we believe the primary driver of cash flows will be net income from operations. We will continue to evaluate possible acquisitions of, or investments in businesses, products, or technologies that we believe are strategic, which may require the use of cash. Additionally, on January 31, 2020, we entered into a Revolving Credit Agreement (the "Revolving Credit Agreement") that provides for a senior unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). We have the option to increase commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility from time to time, subject to certain conditions, by up to $150.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, and we had available borrowing capacity of $350.0 million.
Balance sheet. We view cash, short-term and long-term investments, deferred revenue, accounts receivable balances and days sales outstanding as important indicators of our financial health. Deferred revenues continued to increase in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 due to the growth of our subscriptions business. Our days sales outstanding for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 was 62. Days sales outstanding is calculated by dividing ending accounts receivable by revenue per day for a given quarter.
Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our financial condition and results of operations requires us to make judgments and estimates that may have a significant impact upon our financial results. We believe that, of our significant accounting policies, the following require estimates and assumptions that require complex, subjective judgments by management, which can materially impact reported results: revenue recognition, accounting for business combinations and accounting for leases. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There were no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates described in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. Refer to the "Recently Adopted Accounting Standards" section of Note 1 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a summary of the new accounting policies.
Impact of Current Macroeconomic Conditions
Our overall performance depends in part on worldwide economic and geopolitical conditions and their impacts on customer behavior. Worsening economic conditions, including inflation, higher interest rates, slower growth, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, and developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and other changes in economic conditions, may adversely affect our results of operations and financial performance. For further discussion of the potential impacts of recent macroeconomic events on our business, financial condition, and operating results, see Part 1, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.
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Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, related notes and risk factors included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
 (in thousands, except percentages)
Net revenues
Products$340,558 $343,149 
Services359,820 343,951 
Total$700,378 $687,100 
Percentage of net revenues
Products48.6 %49.9 %
Services51.4 50.1 
Total100.0 %100.0 %
Net Revenues. Total net revenues increased 1.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2022, from the comparable period in the prior year. Overall revenue growth for the three months ended December 31, 2022, was primarily due to an increase in service revenue as a result of our increased installed base of products. Revenues outside of the United States represented 46.4% of total net revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared to 44.5% for the same period in the prior year.
Net Product Revenues. Net product revenues remained relatively flat for the three months ended December 31, 2022, from the comparable period in the prior year.
The following presents net product revenues by systems and software (in thousands):
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Net product revenues
Systems revenue$173,032 $180,157 
Software revenue167,526 162,992 
Total net product revenue$340,558 $343,149 
Percentage of net product revenues
Systems revenue50.8 %52.5 %
Software revenue49.2 47.5 
Total net product revenue100.0 %100.0 %
Net Service Revenues. Net service revenues increased 4.6% for the three months ended December 31, 2022, from the comparable period in the prior year. The increase in service revenue was the result of increased purchases or renewals of maintenance contracts driven by additions to our installed base of products. In addition, we are starting to see the benefits of price increases put in place in fiscal 2022.
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The following distributors of our products accounted for more than 10% of total net revenue:
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
Ingram Micro, Inc.17.6 %18.7 %
Synnex Corporation13.6 %12.2 %
The following distributors of our products accounted for more than 10% of total receivables:

December 31,
2022
September 30, 2022
Ingram Micro, Inc.— 12.9 %
Synnex Corporation13.1 %12.6 %
Carahsoft Technology— 16.2 %
No other distributors accounted for more than 10% of total net revenue or receivables. 
 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
 (in thousands, except percentages)
Cost of net revenues and gross profit
Products$98,855 $81,662 
Services56,152 53,411 
Total155,007 135,073 
Gross profit$545,371 $552,027 
Percentage of net revenues and gross margin (as a percentage of related net revenue)
Products29.0 %23.8 %
Services15.6 15.5 
Total22.1 19.7 
Gross margin77.9 %80.3 %
Cost of Net Product Revenues. Cost of net product revenues consists of finished products purchased from our contract manufacturers, manufacturing overhead, freight, warranty, provisions for excess and obsolete inventory, software-as-a-service infrastructure costs and amortization expenses in connection with developed technology from acquisitions. Cost of net product revenues increased $17.2 million, or 21.1% for the three months ended December 31, 2022, from the comparable period in the prior year. The increase in cost of net product revenues was primarily due to software product revenue growth. In addition, cost of product revenues increased due to component cost increases, expedite fees, and other sourcing-related costs in the first quarter of fiscal 2023, from the comparable period in the prior year.
Cost of Net Service Revenues. Cost of net service revenues consists of the salaries and related benefits of our professional services staff, travel, facilities and depreciation expenses. For the three months ended December 31, 2022, cost of net service revenues as a percentage of net service revenues was 15.6%, compared to 15.5% for the comparable period in the prior year. Professional services headcount at the end of December 2022 increased to 1,082 from 1,037 at the end of December 2021.
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 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
 (in thousands, except percentages)
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing$233,105 $234,035 
Research and development142,323 130,271 
General and administrative69,991 65,661 
Restructuring charges8,740 7,909 
Total$454,159 $437,876 
Operating expenses (as a percentage of net revenue)
Sales and marketing33.3 %34.1 %
Research and development20.3 19.0 
General and administrative10.0 9.5 
Restructuring charges1.2 1.1 
Total64.8 %63.7 %
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist of salaries, commissions and related benefits of our sales and marketing staff, the costs of our marketing programs, including public relations, advertising and trade shows, travel, facilities, and depreciation expenses. Sales and marketing expenses remained relatively flat for the three months ended December 31, 2022, from the comparable period in the prior year. Sales and marketing headcount at the end of December 2022 increased to 2,490 from 2,430 at the end of December 2021. Sales and marketing expenses included stock-based compensation expense of $25.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared to $26.8 million for the same period in the prior year.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist of the salaries and related benefits of our product development personnel, prototype materials and other expenses related to the development of new and improved products, facilities and depreciation expenses. Research and development expenses increased $12.1 million, or 9.3% for the three months ended December 31, 2022, from the comparable period in the prior year. For the three months ended December 31, 2022, personnel costs increased $11.8 million from the comparable period in the prior year due to growth in research and development headcount. Research and development headcount at the end of December 2022 increased to 2,165 from 1,947 at the end of December 2021. Research and development expenses included stock-based compensation expense of $18.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared to $18.6 million for the same period in the prior year.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of the salaries, benefits and related costs of our executive, finance, information technology, human resource and legal personnel, third-party professional service fees, facilities and depreciation expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $4.3 million, or 6.6% for the three months ended December 31, 2022, from the comparable period in the prior year. For the three months ended December 31, 2022, personnel costs increased $4.7 million, from the comparable period in the prior year due to growth in general and administrative headcount. General and administrative headcount at the end of December 2022 increased to 959 from 856 at the end of December 2021. General and administrative expenses included stock-based compensation expense of $11.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared to $10.9 million for the same period in the prior year.
Restructuring Charges. In the first fiscal quarters of 2023 and 2022, we completed restructuring plans to align strategic and financial objectives and optimize resources for long term growth. As a result of these initiatives, we recorded restructuring charges of $8.7 million and $7.9 million related to a reduction in workforce that is reflected in our results for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
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 Three months ended
December 31,
 20222021
 (in thousands, except percentages)
Other income and income taxes
Income from operations$91,212 $114,151 
Other income (expense), net4,702 (2,431)
Income before income taxes95,914 111,720 
Provision for income taxes23,512 18,161 
Net income$72,402 $93,559 
Other income and income taxes (as percentage of net revenue)
Income from operations13.0 %16.6 %
Other expense, net0.7 (0.3)
Income before income taxes13.7 16.3 
Provision for income taxes3.4 2.7 
Net income10.3 %13.6 %
Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income and expense and foreign currency transaction gains and losses. The increase in other income (expense), net for the three months ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to an increase in foreign currency gains of $5.8 million compared to the same period in the prior year. In addition, interest income from our investments increased $3.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in other income (expense), net for the three months ended December 31, 2022 was partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $1.8 million, compared to the prior year.
Provision for Income Taxes. The effective tax rate was 24.5% and 16.3% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2021 is primarily due to the tax impact of stock-based compensation and international operations.
We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In making these determinations we consider historical and projected taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the appropriateness of a valuation allowance. Our net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022 were $205.6 million and $180.6 million, respectively. The net deferred tax assets include valuation allowances of $46.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, which are primarily related to certain state and foreign net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards.
Our worldwide effective tax rate may fluctuate based on a number of factors, including variations in projected taxable income in the various geographic locations in which we operate, the impact of stock-based compensation, changes in the valuation of our net deferred tax assets, resolution of potential exposures, tax positions taken on tax returns filed in the various geographic locations in which we operate, and the introduction of new accounting standards or changes in tax laws or interpretations thereof in the various geographic locations in which we operate. We have recorded liabilities to address potential tax exposures related to business and income tax positions we have taken that could be challenged by taxing authorities. The ultimate resolution of these potential exposures may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded which could result in an adjustment to our future tax expense.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and long-term investments totaled $667.6 million as of December 31, 2022, compared to $894.1 million as of September 30, 2022, representing a decrease of $226.5 million. The decrease was primarily due to cash used for the voluntary prepayment of the Term Loan Facility, including the outstanding principal balance of $350.0 million, and all accrued, but unpaid interest outstanding of $3.0 million. In addition, $40.0 million of cash was used for the repurchase of outstanding common stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2023. The decrease in cash and investments for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 was partially offset by cash provided by operating activities of $157.6 million.
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Cash provided by operating activities for the first three months of fiscal year 2023 resulted from net income of $72.4 million combined with changes in operating assets and liabilities, as adjusted for various non-cash items including stock-based compensation, deferred revenue, depreciation, impairment and amortization charges. Cash provided by operating activities for the first quarter of fiscal 2023 increased from the comparable period in the prior year primarily due to an increase in cash received from customers, which partially offset strong billings for the quarter and an increase in the balance of accounts receivable.
Cash from operations could be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of the risks detailed in Part 1, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. However, we anticipate our current cash, cash equivalents and investment balances, anticipated cash flows generated from operations, and available borrowing capacity on the Revolver Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs.
Cash provided by investing activities was $61.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared to cash used in investing activities of $42.0 million for the same period in the prior year. Investing activities include purchases, sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities, business acquisitions and capital expenditures. The amount of cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended December 31, 2022 was primarily the result of $63.5 million in maturities of investments and $12.2 million in sales of investments, partially offset by $13.1 million in capital expenditures related to maintaining our operations worldwide.
Cash used in financing activities was $374.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022, compared to cash used in financing activities of $116.0 million for the same period in the prior year. Our financing activities for the three months ended December 31, 2022 primarily consisted of $350.0 million of cash used for the voluntary prepayment of the Term Loan Facility, as well as $40.0 million of cash used to repurchase shares. In addition, $7.0 million in cash was used for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards. Cash used in financing activities was partially offset by cash received from the exercise of employee stock options and stock purchases under our employee stock purchase plan of $22.2 million.
On January 31, 2020, we entered into a Revolving Credit Agreement (the "Revolving Credit Agreement") that provides for a senior unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $350.0 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). We have the option to increase commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility from time to time, subject to certain conditions, by up to $150.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, and we had available borrowing capacity of $350.0 million.
Obligations and Commitments
As of December 31, 2022, our principal commitments consisted of obligations outstanding under operating leases and purchase obligations with one of the Company's component suppliers.
We lease our facilities under operating leases that expire at various dates through 2033. There have been no material changes in our principal lease commitments compared to those discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.
In October 2022, the Company entered into an unconditional purchase commitment with one of its suppliers for the delivery of systems components. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company is obligated to purchase $10 million of component inventory annually, with a total committed amount of $40 million over a four-year term. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has $1.8 million of remaining purchases under the first year of its commitment. Our total non-cancelable long-term purchase commitments outstanding as of December 31, 2022 was $31.8 million.
We have a contractual obligation to purchase inventory components procured by our primary contract manufacturer in accordance with our annual build forecast. The contractual terms of the obligation contain cancellation provisions, which reduce our liability to purchase inventory components for periods greater than one year. In order to support our build forecast, we will, from time-to-time prepay our primary contract manufacturer for inventory purchases.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The anticipated impact of recent accounting pronouncements is discussed in Note 1 to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk. We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. Our primary objective for holding fixed income securities is to achieve an appropriate investment return consistent with preserving principal and managing risk. At any time, a sharp rise in market interest rates could have a material adverse impact on the fair value of our fixed income investment portfolio. Conversely, declines in interest rates, including the impact from lower credit spreads, could have a material adverse impact on interest income for our investment portfolio. Our fixed income investments are held for purposes other than trading. Our fixed income investments were not leveraged as of December 31, 2022. We monitor our interest rate and credit risks, including our credit exposures to specific rating categories and to individual issuers. As of December 31, 2022, 9% of our fixed income securities balance consisted of U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities. We believe the overall credit quality of our portfolio is strong.
Inflation Risk. We are actively monitoring the current inflationary environment, but we do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. If the current inflationary environment constrains our customers’ ability to procure goods and services from us, we may see customers reprioritize these investment decisions. These macroeconomic conditions could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Foreign Currency Risk. The majority of our sales, cost of net revenues, and operating expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars and as a result, we have not experienced significant foreign currency transaction gains and losses to date. While we conduct transactions in foreign currencies and expect to continue to do so, we do not anticipate that foreign currency transaction gains or losses will be significant at our current level of operations. However, as we continue to expand our operations internationally, transaction gains or losses may become significant in the future.
Management believes there have been no material changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk during the three month period ended December 31, 2022, compared to those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) which are designed to ensure that required information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required timeframe, as specified in the rules set forth by the Securities Exchange Commission. Our disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022 and, based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2022.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the first fiscal quarter, there were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
See Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to our risk factors from those described in Part 1, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2022.
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Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
On July 25, 2022, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized an additional $1.0 billion for its common stock share repurchase program. This authorization is incremental to the existing $5.4 billion program, initially approved in October 2010 and expanded in subsequent fiscal years. Acquisitions for the share repurchase programs will be made from time to time in private transactions, accelerated share repurchase programs, or open market purchases as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements. The programs can be terminated at any time. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $1.2 billion remaining authorized to purchase shares under its share repurchase program.
Shares repurchased and retired for the three months ended December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands, except shares and per share data):
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased1
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased
per the Publicly
Announced Plan
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares
that May Yet be
Purchased
Under the Plan2
October 1, 2022 — October 31, 2022— — — $1,272,488 
November 1, 2022 — November 30, 2022229,925 $150.18 181,296 $1,244,986 
December 1, 2022 — December 31, 202282,126 $152.25 82,126 $1,232,483 
(1)Includes 48,629 shares withheld from restricted stock units that vested in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose on the vesting of restricted stock units.
(2)Shares withheld from restricted stock units that vested to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations that arose on the vesting of such awards do not deplete the dollar amount available for purchases under the repurchase program.
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Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.Other Information
None.

Item 6.Exhibits
 
Exhibit
Number
   Exhibit Description
31.1*  
31.2*  
32.1*  
101.INS*  XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH*  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
 
*     Filed herewith.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 3rd day of February, 2023.
 
F5, INC.
By:/s/ FRANCIS J. PELZER
Francis J. Pelzer
Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)

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