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FARO TECHNOLOGIES INC - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number: 0-23081
  
FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
  

Florida59-3157093
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
250 Technology Park,Lake Mary,Florida32746
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
(407) 333-9911
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)
   

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.001FARONasdaq Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes      No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    
Yes ☐ No  
x

There were 17,835,053 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 26, 2020.



Table of Contents
FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
Quarter Ended September 30, 2020
INDEX
 
  PAGE
PART I.
Item 1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

f)
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)September 30, 2020 (unaudited)December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$163,637 $133,634 
Short-term investments— 24,870 
Accounts receivable, net47,533 76,162 
Inventories, net50,004 58,554 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets23,566 28,996 
Total current assets284,740 322,216 
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net22,962 26,954 
Operating lease right-of-use asset15,060 18,418 
Goodwill55,640 49,704 
Intangible assets, net13,475 14,471 
Service and sales demonstration inventory, net33,181 33,349 
Deferred income tax assets, net23,833 18,766 
Other long-term assets2,835 2,964 
Total assets$451,726 $486,842 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$9,096 $13,718 
Accrued liabilities37,622 38,072 
Income taxes payable211 5,182 
Current portion of unearned service revenues37,523 39,211 
Customer deposits3,912 3,108 
Lease liability5,089 6,674 
Total current liabilities93,453 105,965 
Unearned service revenues - less current portion19,354 20,578 
Lease liability - less current portion11,781 13,698 
Deferred income tax liabilities734 357 
Income taxes payable - less current portion12,058 13,177 
Other long-term liabilities1,016 1,075 
Total liabilities138,396 154,850 
Commitments and contingencies - See Note 13
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock - par value $0.001, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 19,231,375 and 18,988,379 issued, respectively; 17,832,934 and 17,576,618 outstanding, respectively
19 19 
Additional paid-in capital276,779 267,868 
Retained earnings86,100 112,879 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(18,526)(17,399)
Common stock in treasury, at cost; 1,398,441 and 1,411,761 shares, respectively
(31,042)(31,375)
Total shareholders’ equity313,330 331,992 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$451,726 $486,842 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
 
 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(in thousands, except share and per share data)September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Sales
Product$48,082 $66,788 $146,866 $209,411 
Service22,654 23,728 63,949 68,213 
Total sales70,736 90,516 210,815 277,624 
Cost of Sales
Product22,413 27,086 66,812 85,542 
Service12,025 12,658 34,936 37,551 
Total cost of sales34,438 39,744 101,748 123,093 
Gross Profit36,298 50,772 109,067 154,531 
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative30,163 45,880 96,523 131,909 
Research and development10,754 10,783 31,355 33,048 
Restructuring costs239 — 14,563 — 
Total operating expenses41,156 56,663 142,441 164,957 
Loss from operations(4,858)(5,891)(33,374)(10,426)
Other (income) expense
Interest expense (income), net161 (24)407 72 
Other (income) expense, net(256)514 334 2,398 
Loss before income tax benefit(4,763)(6,381)(34,115)(12,896)
Income tax benefit(1,739)(182)(7,336)(444)
Net loss$(3,024)$(6,199)$(26,779)$(12,452)
Net loss per share - Basic$(0.17)$(0.36)$(1.51)$(0.72)
Net loss per share - Diluted$(0.17)$(0.36)$(1.51)$(0.72)
Weighted average shares - Basic17,797,390 17,367,228 17,757,359 17,352,386 
Weighted average shares - Diluted17,797,390 17,367,228 17,757,359 17,352,386 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)
 
 Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
(in thousands)September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Net loss$(3,024)$(6,199)$(26,779)$(12,452)
Currency translation adjustments, net of income taxes4,339 (5,646)(1,127)(5,947)
Comprehensive income (loss)$1,315 $(11,845)$(27,906)$(18,399)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED) 
 Nine Months Ended
(in thousands)September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Cash flows from:
Operating activities:
Net loss$(26,779)$(12,452)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization10,631 14,203 
Stock-based compensation6,428 8,703 
Provisions for bad debts, net of recoveries435 1,000 
Loss on disposal of assets351 552 
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory778 2,431 
Deferred income tax benefit(4,961)(69)
Impairment charge on equity method investment— 1,535 
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease (Increase) in:
Accounts receivable28,132 21,883 
Inventories5,101 (9,471)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets9,391 640 
Increase (Decrease) in:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(10,006)(6,934)
Income taxes payable(6,109)(3,679)
Customer deposits815 (685)
Unearned service revenues(3,391)5,809 
Net cash provided by operating activities10,816 23,466 
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(2,833)(5,922)
Proceeds from sale of investments25,000 33,700 
Purchases of investments— (33,700)
Proceeds from asset sales768 — 
Payments for intangible assets(813)(2,035)
Acquisition of business, net of cash received(6,036)— 
Loan originated to affiliate— (549)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities16,086 (8,506)
Financing activities:
Payments on finance leases(237)(273)
Payments of contingent consideration for acquisitions(733)(3,101)
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards(2,568)(1,389)
Proceeds from issuance of stock related to stock option exercises5,384 2,328 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities1,846 (2,435)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents1,255 (2,225)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents30,003 10,300 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period133,634 108,783 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$163,637 $119,083 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)

Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Common
Stock in
Treasury
Common Stock
(in thousands, except share data)SharesAmountsTotal
BALANCE JANUARY 1, 202017,576,618 $19 $267,868 $112,879 $(17,399)$(31,375)$331,992 
Net loss(14,823)(14,823)
Currency translation adjustment(3,778)(3,778)
Stock-based compensation 2,178 2,178 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes141,561 894 327 1,221 
BALANCE MARCH 31, 202017,718,179 $19 $270,940 $98,056 $(21,177)$(31,048)$316,790 
Net loss(8,932)(8,932)
Currency translation adjustment(1,688)(1,688)
Stock-based compensation2,167 2,167 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes51,401 218 224 
BALANCE JUNE 30, 202017,769,580 $19 $273,325 $89,124 $(22,865)$(31,042)$308,561 
Net loss(3,024)(3,024)
Currency translation adjustment4,339 4,339 
Stock-based compensation2,083 2,083 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes63,354 1,371 — 1,371 
BALANCE SEPTEMBER 30, 202017,832,934 $19 $276,779 $86,100 $(18,526)$(31,042)$313,330 

Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Common
Stock in
Treasury
Common StockRetained Earnings
(in thousands, except share data)SharesAmountsTotal
BALANCE JANUARY 1, 201917,253,011 $19 $251,329 $175,353 $(18,483)$(31,609)$376,609 
Net income152 152 
Currency translation adjustment(1,564)(1,564)
Stock-based compensation 2,564 2,564 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes64,864 (1,053)207 (846)
Cumulative effect of the adoption of ASU 2014-09
(327)(327)
BALANCE MARCH 31, 201917,317,875 $19 $252,840 $175,178 $(20,047)$(31,402)$376,588 
Net income(6,405)(6,405)
Currency translation adjustment1,263 1,263 
Stock-based compensation2,752 2,752 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes21,187 114 27 141 
BALANCE JUNE 30, 201917,339,062 $19 $255,706 $168,773 $(18,784)$(31,375)$374,339 
Net loss(6,199)(6,199)
Currency translation adjustment(5,646)(5,646)
Stock-based compensation3,387 3,387 
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes65,025 1,644 1,644 
BALANCE SEPTEMBER 30, 201917,404,087 $19 $260,737 $162,574 $(24,430)$(31,375)$367,525 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FARO TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)
NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
FARO Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively “FARO,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” or “our”) design, develop, manufacture, market and support software driven, three-dimensional (“3D”) measurement and imaging solutions. This technology permits high-precision 3D measurement, imaging and comparison of parts and complex structures within production and quality assurance processes. Our devices are used for inspection of components and assemblies, rapid prototyping, reverse engineering, documenting large volume or structures in 3D, surveying and construction, as well as for investigation and reconstruction of accident sites or crime scenes. We sell the majority of our products through a direct sales force across a broad number of customers in a range of manufacturing, industrial, architecture, surveying, building information modeling, construction, public safety forensics, cultural heritage, and other applications. Our FaroArm®, FARO ScanArm®, FARO Laser TrackerTM, FARO Laser Projector, and their companion CAM2®, BuildIT, and BuildIT Projector software solutions, provide for Computer-Aided Design (“CAD”) based inspection, factory-level statistical process control, high-density surveying, and laser-guided assembly and production. Together, these products integrate the measurement, quality inspection, and reverse engineering functions with CAD and 3D software to improve productivity, enhance product quality, and decrease rework and scrap in the manufacturing process, mainly supporting applications in the automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication and other industrial manufacturing markets. Our FARO Focus and FARO ScanPlan, and their companion FARO SCENE, BuildIT, FARO As-BuiltTM, and FARO Zone public safety forensics software offerings, are utilized for a wide variety of 3D modeling, documentation and high-density surveying applications primarily in the architecture, engineering and construction and public safety markets. Our FARO ScanArm® and its companion SCENE software also enable a fully digital workflow used to capture real world geometry for the purpose of empowering design, enabling innovation, and speeding up the design cycle.
Since the fourth quarter of 2016 to the fourth quarter of 2019, we had operated in five verticals—3D Manufacturing, Construction Building Information Modeling (“Construction BIM”), Public Safety Forensics, 3D Design and Photonics—and had three reporting segments—3D Manufacturing, Construction BIM and Emerging Verticals. As discussed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the third quarter of 2019, our new management team, led by our new Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), formulated and began to implement a new comprehensive strategic plan for our business. As part of our strategic planning process, we identified areas of our business that needed enhanced focus or change in order to improve our efficiency and cost structure. In the fourth quarter of 2019, we reassessed and redefined our go-to-market strategy, refocused our marketing engagement with our customers and re-evaluated our hardware product portfolio. In the second quarter of 2020, we disposed of our Photonics business and 3D Design related assets obtained from our acquisition of Opto-Tech SRL and its subsidiary Open Technologies SRL (collectively, “Open Technologies”).
As part of our new strategic plan, and based on the recommendation of our CEO, who is also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), in the fourth quarter of 2019, we eliminated our vertical structure and began reorganizing the Company into a functional structure. Our executive leadership team is now comprised of functional leaders in areas such as sales, marketing, operations, research and development and general and administrative, and resources are allocated to each function at a consolidated unit level. We no longer have separate business units, or segment managers or vertical leaders who report to the CODM with respect to operations, operating results or planning for levels or components below the total Company level. Instead, our CODM now allocates resources and evaluates performance on a Company-wide basis. Based on these changes, commencing with the fourth quarter of 2019, we are now reporting as one reporting segment that develops, manufactures, markets, supports and sells CAD-based quality assurance products integrated with CAD-based inspection and statistical process control software and 3D documentation systems. Our reporting segment sells into a variety of end markets, including automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication, architecture, engineering, construction and public safety.
Reclassification and Related Changes to Presentation
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation:
Selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses are now being reported in the accompanying statements of operations together in one line as Selling, general and administrative. Previously, those expenses were reported as two separate line items under operating expenses. Amounts related to selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 have been reclassified throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect this reclassification of selling, general and administrative expenses and to conform to the current period presentation, as set forth in the following table;
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Software maintenance revenue is now being reported in the accompanying statements of operations as a component of product sales. Previously, these revenues were reported in service sales. Amounts related to software maintenance revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 have been reclassified throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect this reclassification of software maintenance revenue and to conform to the current period presentation, as set forth in the following table; and
Software maintenance cost of sales is now being reported in the accompanying statements of operations as a component of product cost of sales. Previously, these cost of sales was reported in service cost of sales. Amounts related to software maintenance cost of sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 have been reclassified throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect this reclassification of software maintenance cost of sales and to conform to the current period presentation, as set forth in the following table.

For the three months ended, September 30, 2019
As ReportedSelling, General and Administrative AdjustmentSoftware Maintenance and Other AdjustmentsAs Adjusted
Sales
Product$63,641 $— $3,147 $66,788 
Service26,875 — (3,147)23,728 
Total sales$90,516 $— $— $90,516 
Cost of Sales
Product$26,495 $— $591 $27,086 
Service13,249 — (591)12,658 
Total cost of sales$39,744 $— $— $39,744 
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative$— $45,880 $— $45,880 
Selling and marketing30,218 (30,218)— — 
General and administrative15,662 (15,662)— — 
Research and development10,783 — — 10,783 
Total operating expenses$56,663 $— $— $56,663 

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For the nine months ended, September 30, 2019
As Reported
Selling, General and Administrative Adjustment
Software Maintenance and Other AdjustmentsAs Adjusted
Sales
Product$200,434 $— $8,977 $209,411 
Service77,190 — (8,977)68,213 
Total sales$277,624 $— $— $277,624 
Cost of Sales
Product$83,632 $— $1,910 $85,542 
Service39,461 — (1,910)37,551 
Total cost of sales$123,093 $— $— $123,093 
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative$— $131,909 $— $131,909 
Selling and marketing87,438 (87,438)— — 
General and administrative44,471 (44,471)— — 
Research and development33,048 — — 33,048 
Total operating expenses$164,957 $— $— $164,957 

The following table summarizes total stock-based compensation expense for each of the line items on our condensed consolidated statement of operations:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Cost of Sales
Product$39 $170 $234 $482 
Service88 100 257 288 
Total cost of sales$127 $270 $491 $770 
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative$1,527 $2,745 $4,666 $7,052 
Research and development430 372 1,271 881 
Total operating expenses$1,957 $3,117 $5,937 $7,933 

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COVID-19 and Impact On Our Business
Our business is significantly vulnerable to the economic effects of pandemics and other public health crises, including the ongoing novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak that has surfaced in virtually every country of our global operating footprint. During the second and third quarter of 2020, we experienced a significant decline in the demand for our products and services across all of our served markets as a result of the impact of the spread of COVID-19. Although COVID-19 has negatively impacted demand for our products and services overall, the global pandemic also has provided us with the opportunity to adapt to a virtual environment and to capitalize on our existing virtual sales demonstration infrastructure which we have had in place for several years. There has been an increase in the attendance of our virtual training and product information seminars as our customers take advantage of the opportunity to remotely participate and to better understand the capabilities of our products and software offerings.
We continue to assess the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on our business results and remain committed to taking actions to address the health and safety of our employees and customers, as well as the negative effects from demand disruption and production impacts, including, but not limited to, the following:
Operating our business with a focus on our employee health and safety, which includes minimizing travel, remote work policies, maintaining employee distancing and enhanced sanitation of all of our facilities;
Monitoring of our liquidity, reduction of supply flows into our manufacturing facilities, disciplined inventory management, and scrutinization of our capital expenditures; and
Continuously reviewing our financial strategy to strengthen financial flexibility in these volatile financial markets.
We continue to maintain a strong capital structure with a cash balance of $163.6 million and no debt as of September 30, 2020. We believe that our liquidity position is adequate to meet our projected needs in the reasonably foreseeable future.
Future developments, such as the potential resurgence of COVID-19 in countries that have begun to recover from the early impact of the pandemic and actions taken by governments in response to future resurgence, are highly uncertain. Therefore, the Company is not able to predict the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak continues to impact the Company’s results of operations and financial conditions. See Item 1A, Risk Factors, included in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for an additional discussion of risks related to COVID-19.
NOTE 2 – PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FARO Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at period-end for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results of operations. Adjustments resulting from financial statement translations are reflected as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in net loss.
NOTE 3 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring accruals and adjustments considered necessary by management for a fair presentation in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or any future period.
The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes, should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. The accompanying December 31, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet has been derived from those audited consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 4 – IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes which amends and aims to simplify accounting disclosure requirements regarding a number of topics including: intraperiod tax allocation, accounting for deferred taxes when there are changes in consolidation of certain investments, tax basis step up in an acquisition and the application of effective rate changes during interim periods, amongst other improvements. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and allows for early adoption. We are currently assessing the impact of this new standard on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Impact of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements to enable users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, was issued by the FASB in July 2018 and allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment transition method of adoption. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those years. We adopted ASU 2016-02 effective as of January 1, 2019 utilizing the cumulative-effect adjustment transition method of adoption, which resulted in the recognition on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 of $18.9 million of right-of-use assets for operating leases, $19.9 million of lease liability for operating leases, $0.9 million of property and equipment, net for finance leases and $0.9 million of lease liability for finance leases under which we function as a lessee. We elected certain practical expedients available under the transition provisions to (i) allow aggregation of non-lease components with the related lease components when evaluating accounting treatment, (ii) apply the modified retrospective adoption method, utilizing the simplified transition option, which allows us to continue to apply the legacy guidance in FASB ASC Topic 840, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption, and (iii) use hindsight in determining the lease term (that is, when considering our options to extend or terminate the lease and to purchase the underlying asset) and in assessing impairment of our right-of-use assets. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 also required us to include any initial direct costs, which are incremental costs that would not have been incurred had the lease not been obtained, in the right-of-use assets. The recognition of these costs in connection with our adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13, and subsequent related amendments to ASU 2016-13, replaced the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model that requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. These changes will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. We performed an analysis to identify the Company's financial instruments which would be impacted by the promulgated amendment and identified both our trade receivables and our U.S. Treasury Bill investments. We adopted ASU 2016-13 prospectively, effective January 1, 2020, by evaluating the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of our credit-based customer portfolio. We extend credit to a customer based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and, generally, collateral is not required. Trade receivables are generally due within 30 to 90 days and accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. As part of our analysis, we calculated an allowance for all trade receivables based on our review of historical trends and future expectations for the regions we sell within, current outstanding customer balances, and the length of time balances have been outstanding. We also evaluated an allowance for our U.S. Treasury Bill investments but as they were low risk and short-term, these allowances were approximated to be zero. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
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In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which is intended to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under the current guidance, performance of Step 2 requires us to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill by following procedures that would be required to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Under the new guidance, we will perform our goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value up to the amount of the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The new guidance also eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it fails the qualitative assessment. As a result, all reporting units will be subject to the same impairment assessment. We will still have the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. We early adopted this guidance in fiscal 2019. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NOTE 5 – REVENUES
The following tables present our revenues by sales type as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations disaggregated by the timing of transfer of goods or services (in thousands, unaudited):

 For the Three Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Product sales
Product transferred to customers at a point in time$44,561 $63,806 
Product transferred to customers over time3,521 2,982 
$48,082 $66,788 

 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Product sales
Product transferred to customers at a point in time$137,324 $200,982 
Product transferred to customers over time9,542 8,429 
$146,866 $209,411 

 For the Three Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Service sales
Service transferred to customers at a point in time$9,623 $12,361 
Service transferred to customers over time13,031 11,367 
$22,654 $23,728 

 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Service sales
Service transferred to customers at a point in time$27,268 $35,650 
Service transferred to customers over time36,681 32,563 
$63,949 $68,213 

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The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography, based on the billing addresses of our customers (in thousands, unaudited):

 For the Three Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Total sales to external customers
United States$28,865 $37,166 
EMEA (1)
20,648 26,424 
Other APAC (1)
11,463 16,120 
China7,758 7,751 
Other Americas (1)
2,002 3,055 
$70,736 $90,516 

 For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Total sales to external customers
United States$86,401 $108,174 
EMEA (1)
61,058 87,554 
Other APAC (1)
37,532 46,550 
China19,991 25,007 
Other Americas (1)
5,833 10,339 
$210,815 $277,624 

(1) Regions represent Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); Asia-Pacific, excluding China (Other APAC); and Canada, Mexico, and Brazil (Other Americas).
For revenue related to our measurement and imaging equipment and related software, we allocate the contract price to performance obligations based on our best estimate of the standalone selling price. We make this allocation estimate utilizing data from the sale of our applicable products and services to customers separately in similar circumstances, with the exception of software licenses. With respect to software licenses, we use the residual method for allocating the contract price to performance obligations. Revenue related to our measurement and imaging equipment and related software is generally recognized upon shipment from our facilities or when delivered to the customer location, as determined by the agreed upon shipping terms, at which time we are entitled to payment and title and control has passed to the customer. Software arrangements generally include short-term maintenance that is considered post-contract support (“PCS”), which is considered to be a separate performance obligation. We generally establish a standalone sales price for this PCS component based on our maintenance renewal rate. Maintenance renewals, when sold, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the maintenance agreement.  Payments for products and services are collected within a short period of time following transfer of control or commencement of delivery of services, as applicable.
Further, customers frequently purchase extended warranties with the purchase of measurement equipment and related software. Warranties are considered a performance obligation when services are transferred to a customer over time, and, as such, we recognize revenue on a straight-line basis over the warranty term. Extended warranty sales primarily include contract periods that extend between one month and three years.
We capitalize commission expenses related to deliverables transferred to a customer over time and amortize such costs ratably over the term of the contract. As of September 30, 2020, the deferred cost asset related to deferred commissions was approximately $3.0 million. For classification purposes, $2.0 million and $1.0 million are comprised within the Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other long-term assets, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, the deferred cost asset related to deferred commissions was approximately $3.1 million. For classification purposes, $2.1 million and $1.0 million were comprised within the Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other long-term assets, respectively, on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.
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The unearned service revenue liabilities reported on our condensed consolidated balance sheets reflect the contract liabilities to satisfy the remaining performance obligations for extended warranties and software maintenance. The current portion of unearned service revenues on our condensed consolidated balance sheets is what we expect to recognize to revenue within twelve months after the applicable balance sheet date relating to extended warranty and software maintenance contract liabilities. The unearned service revenues - less current portion on our condensed consolidated balance sheets is what we expect to recognize to revenue extending beyond twelve months after the applicable balance sheet date relating to extended warranty and software maintenance contract liabilities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $7.8 million and $29.8 million of revenue that was deferred on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $6.3 million and $25.9 million of revenue that was deferred on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.
The nature of certain of our contracts gives rise to variable consideration, which may be constrained, primarily related to an allowance for sales returns and contracts with certain government customers. We are required to estimate the contract asset related to sales returns and record a corresponding adjustment to Cost of Sales. Our allowance for sales returns was approximately $0.1 million as of both September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019.
Shipping and handling fees billed to customers in a sales transaction are recorded in Product Sales and shipping and handling costs incurred are recorded in Cost of Sales. We exclude from Sales any value-added sales and other taxes that we collect concurrently with revenue-producing activities.
NOTE 6 – SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
We carried no short-term investments at September 30, 2020. Short-term investments at December 31, 2019 were composed of U.S. Treasury Bills totaling $24.8 million, consisting of $8.9 million that matured on March 12, 2020 and $15.9 million that matured on June 11, 2020. The interest rates on the U.S. Treasury Bills held on December 31, 2019 that matured on March 12, 2020 and June 11, 2020 were 1.8%, and 1.4%, respectively.
NOTE 7 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable consist of the following:
As of As of September 30, 2020As of As of
December 31, 2019
Accounts receivable$51,417 $79,611 
Allowance for credit losses(3,884)(3,449)
Total$47,533 $76,162 

Activity related to the allowance for credit losses was as follows:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Beginning balance of the allowance for credit losses$(3,449)
Current period provision for expected credit losses(1,335)
Recoveries of amounts previously written off900 
Ending balance of the allowance for credit losses$(3,884)

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NOTE 8 – INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in first-out ("FIFO") method. We have three principal categories of inventory: 1) manufactured product to be sold; 2) sales demonstration inventory - completed product used to support our sales force for demonstrations and held for sale; and 3) service inventory - completed product and parts used to support our service department and held for sale. Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of Cost of Sales in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Sales demonstration inventory is held by our sales representatives for up to three years, at which time it would be refurbished and transferred to finished goods as used equipment, stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We expect these refurbished units to remain in finished goods inventory and sold within 12 months at prices that produce reduced gross margins. Service inventory is used to provide a temporary replacement product to a customer covered by a premium warranty when the customer’s unit requires service or repair and as training equipment. Service inventory is available for sale; however, management does not expect service inventory to be sold within 12 months and, as such, classifies this inventory as a long-term asset. Service inventory that we utilize for training or repairs and which we deem as no longer available for sale is transferred to fixed assets at the lower of cost or net realizable value and depreciated over its remaining life, typically three years.
Inventories consist of the following: 
As of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
Raw materials$32,044 $36,956 
Finished goods17,960 21,598 
Inventories, net$50,004 $58,554 
Service and sales demonstration inventory, net$33,181 $33,349 

NOTE 9 – LOSS PER SHARE
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted loss per share is computed by also considering the impact of potential common stock on net loss and the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Our potential common stock consists of employee stock options, restricted stock units and performance-based awards. Our potential common stock is included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when adding such potential common stock would not be anti-dilutive. Performance-based awards are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share only to the extent that the underlying performance conditions (and any applicable market condition) (i) are satisfied as of the end of the reporting period or (ii) would be considered satisfied if the end of the reporting period were the end of the related contingency period and the result would be dilutive under the treasury stock method. When we report a net loss for the period presented, the calculation of diluted net loss per share excludes our potential common stock, as the effect would be anti-dilutive.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, there were approximately 871,864 shares issuable upon the exercise of options and the contingent vesting of performance-based restricted stock units that were excluded from the dilutive calculations, as they were anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were approximately 1,050,039 shares issuable upon the exercise of options that were excluded from the dilutive calculations, as they were anti-dilutive.
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A reconciliation of the number of common shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share is presented below:
 Three Months Ended
 September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
SharesPer-Share
Amount
SharesPer-Share
Amount
Basic loss per share17,797,390 $(0.17)17,367,228 $(0.36)
Effect of dilutive securities— — — — 
Diluted loss per share17,797,390 $(0.17)17,367,228 $(0.36)
 Nine Months Ended
 September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
 SharesPer-Share
Amount
SharesPer-Share
Amount
Basic loss per share17,757,359 $(1.51)17,352,386 $(0.72)
Effect of dilutive securities— — — — 
Diluted loss per share17,757,359 $(1.51)17,352,386 $(0.72)



NOTE 10 – ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued liabilities consist of the following:

As of September 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
Accrued compensation and benefits$12,373 $15,366 
Accrued restructuring costs3,430 — 
Accrued warranties1,447 2,090 
Professional and legal fees1,961 1,793 
Taxes other than income2,948 4,077 
General services administration contract contingent liability (see Note 13)13,052 11,886 
Other accrued liabilities2,411 2,860 
$37,622 $38,072 

Activity related to accrued warranties was as follows:

 Nine Months Ended
 September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Balance, beginning of period$2,090 $2,571 
Provision for warranty expense1,778 2,672 
Fulfillment of warranty obligations(2,421)(3,132)
Balance, end of period$1,447 $2,111 

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NOTE 11 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, customer deposits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of such financial instruments approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are categorized in the tables below based upon the lowest level of significant input to the valuations:

 As of September 30, 2020
 Level 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration (1)
$— $— $980 
Total$— $— $980 
 As of December 31, 2019
 Level 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration (1)
$— $— $733 
Total$— $— $733 

(1)Contingent consideration liability represents arrangements to pay the former owners of certain companies we acquired based on the former owners attaining future product release milestones and is reported in other long-term liabilities and accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively. We use a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities. These probability weightings are developed internally and assessed on a quarterly basis. The remaining undiscounted maximum payment under these arrangements was $1.2 million as of September 30, 2020.
NOTE 12 – RESTRUCTURING
In the first quarter of 2020, our Board of Directors approved a global restructuring plan (the “Restructuring Plan”), which is intended to support our strategic plan in an effort to improve operating performance and ensure that we are appropriately structured and resourced to deliver increased and sustainable value to our shareholders and customers. Key activities under the Restructuring Plan include a continued focus on efficiency and cost-saving efforts, which includes decreasing total headcount by approximately 500 employees upon the completion of the Restructuring Plan.
These activities are expected to be substantially completed by the end of 2021. Pre-tax charges of approximately $49 million were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2019 in connection with the implementation of our new strategic plan and included the following:
$21.2 million impairment of goodwill;
$12.8 million charge, increasing our reserve for excess and obsolete inventory;
$10.5 million impairment of intangible assets associated with recent acquisitions;
$1.4 million impairment of intangible assets related to capitalized patents;
$3.4 million impairment of other assets and other charges.
In connection with the Restructuring Plan, we recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $13.7 million during the first quarter 2020, $0.6 million during the second quarter and $0.3 million during the third quarter primarily consisting of severance and related benefits, professional fees and other related charges and costs including a non-cash expense of $0.4 million related to the disposal of our Photonics business and 3D Design related assets. We received $0.7 million in cash payments for the disposal of our Photonics business and 3D Design related assets in the second quarter. We estimate total additional pre-tax charges of $7 million to $17 million for the remainder of fiscal year 2020 and first half of fiscal year 2021.
At this time, we are continuing to evaluate the future key activities by which these additional charges will originate. Actual results, including the costs of the Restructuring Plan, may differ materially from our expectations, resulting in our inability to realize the expected benefits of the Restructuring Plan and our new strategic plan and negatively impacting our ability to execute our future plans and strategies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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In connection with the Restructuring Plan, we paid $0.9 million during the first quarter 2020, $4.5 million during the second quarter of 2020, and $2.9 million during the third quarter of 2020 primarily consisting of severance and related benefits. We expect an additional $9 million to $11 million of cash payments to be made for the remainder of fiscal year 2020 and first half of fiscal year 2021 related to the Restructuring Plan. Activity related to the accrued restructuring charge and cash payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was as follows:
Severance and other benefitsProfessional fees and other related chargesTotal
Balance at February 14, 2020$— $— $— 
Additions/Reductions charged to expense11,633 2,580 14,213 
Cash payments(8,265)(2,518)(10,783)
Balance at September 30, 20203,368 62 3,430 

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Purchase Commitments — We enter into purchase commitments for products and services in the ordinary course of business. These purchases generally cover production requirements for 60 to 120 days as well as materials necessary to service customer units through the product lifecycle and for warranty commitments. As of September 30, 2020, we had approximately $49.3 million in purchase commitments that are expected to be delivered within the next 12 months.
Legal Proceedings — We are not involved in any legal proceedings, including routine litigation arising in the normal course of business, that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
U.S. Government Contracting Matter — We have sold our products and related services to the U.S. Government (the “Government”) under General Services Administration (“GSA”) Federal Supply Schedule contracts (the “GSA Contracts”) since 2002 and are currently selling our products and related services to the Government under two such GSA Contracts. Each GSA Contract is subject to extensive legal and regulatory requirements and includes, among other provisions, a price reduction clause (the “Price Reduction Clause”), which generally requires us to reduce the prices billed to the Government under the GSA Contracts to correspond to the lowest prices billed to certain benchmark customers.
Late in the fourth quarter of 2018, during an internal review we preliminarily determined that certain of our pricing practices may have resulted in the Government being overcharged under the Price Reduction Clauses of the GSA Contracts (the “GSA Matter”). As a result, we performed remediation efforts, including but not limited to, the identification of additional controls and procedures to ensure future compliance with the pricing and other requirements of the GSA Contracts. We also retained outside legal counsel and forensic accountants to assist with these efforts and to conduct a comprehensive review of our pricing and other practices under the GSA Contracts (the “Review”). On February 14, 2019, we reported the GSA Matter to the GSA and its Office of Inspector General.
As a result of the GSA Matter, for the fourth quarter 2018, we reduced our total sales by a $4.8 million estimated cumulative sales adjustment, representative of the last six years of estimated overcharges to the Government under the GSA Contracts. In addition, for the fourth quarter of 2018, we recorded $0.5 million of imputed interest related to the estimated cumulative sales adjustment, which increased Interest expense, net and resulted in an estimated total liability of $5.3 million for the GSA Matter. This adjustment was based on our preliminary review as of February 20, 2019, the date of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition, in first quarter 2019, we recorded an additional $0.1 million of imputed interest related to the estimated cumulative sales adjustment.
On July 15, 2019, we submitted a report to the GSA and its Office of Inspector General setting forth the findings of the Review conducted by our outside legal counsel and forensic accountants. Based on the results of the Review, we reduced our total sales for second quarter 2019 by an incremental $5.8 million sales adjustment, reflecting an estimated aggregate overcharge of $10.6 million under the GSA Contracts for the period from July 2011 to March 2019. In addition, we recorded an incremental $0.7 million of imputed interest related to the estimated cumulative sales adjustment for the remainder of 2019, which increased Interest expense, net and resulted in a $6.5 million total incremental increase in the estimated total liability for the GSA Matter.
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In January 2020, we received requests for additional information from the GSA and its Office of Inspector General to which we corresponded through June 2020. As a result of this continuing investigation, we reduced our total sales for the second quarter 2020 by an incremental $0.6 million sales adjustment, reflecting an estimated aggregate overcharge of $11.2 million under the GSA Contracts for the period from July 2011 to September 2020. We are working with the GSA in responding to any additional inquiries arising from the investigation. We recorded an incremental $0.2 million of imputed interest related to the estimated cumulative sales adjustment for the third quarter of 2020. As of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have recorded an aggregate estimated total liability for the GSA Matter of $13.1 million.
We intend to cooperate fully with this and any other Government inquiries. The Government’s review of, or investigation into, this matter could result in civil and criminal penalties, administrative sanctions, and contract remedies being imposed on us, including but not limited to, termination of the GSA Contracts, repayments of amounts already received under the GSA Contracts, forfeiture of profits, damages, suspension of payments, fines, and suspension or debarment from doing business with the Government and possibly U.S. state and local governments. We may also be subject to litigation and recovery under the federal False Claims Act and possibly similar state laws, which could include claims for treble damages, penalties, fees and costs. As a result, we cannot reasonably predict the outcome of the Government’s review of, or investigation into, this matter at this time or the resulting future financial impact on us. Any of these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, our sales, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, and the trading price of our common stock. In addition, we have incurred, and will continue to incur, legal and related costs in connection with the Review and the Government’s response to this matter.
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NOTE 14 – LEASES
We have operating and finance leases for manufacturing facilities, corporate offices, research and development facilities, sales and training facilities, vehicles, and certain equipment under which we assume the role of lessee. We do not lease assets as a lessor. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to approximately six years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to eight years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within three months. We do not participate in any material subleasing activity.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, Lease liability, and Lease liability - less current portion in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in Property and equipment, net, Lease liability, and Lease liability - less current portion in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized on the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate include the variable portion when calculating ROU assets and lease liabilities. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are expensed as incurred. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available on the commencement date of the lease to determine the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made and lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option at the time the lease is commenced. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
While we have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
The components of lease expense were as follows:
 Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost$2,245 $2,039 $6,306 $6,036 
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets$77 $88 $237 $278 
Interest on lease liabilities11 23 35 
Total finance lease cost$83 $99 $260 $313 

We recognize lease payments made for short-term leases where terms are 12 months or less as the payments are incurred. Our short-term lease cost for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 were both less than $0.1 million. Our short-term lease cost for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 were $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
As ofAs of
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Operating leases:
Operating lease right-of-use asset$15,060 $18,418 
Current operating lease liability$4,792 $6,349 
Operating lease liability - less current portion11,586 13,272 
     Total operating lease liability$16,378 $19,621 
Finance leases:
Property and equipment, at cost$1,806 $1,870 
Accumulated depreciation(1,338)(1,150)
     Property and equipment, net$468 $720 
Current finance lease liability$297 $325 
Finance lease liability - less current portion195 426 
     Total finance lease liability$492 $751 
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years):
     Operating leases4.214.48
     Finance leases2.062.48
Weighted Average Discount Rate:
     Operating leases5.30 %5.10 %
     Finance leases5.07 %5.09 %

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020
Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases$6,451 $6,134 
Operating cash flows from finance leases23 35 
Financing cash flows from finance leases237 273 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases$1,758 $8,170 








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Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:
Year Ending December 31,Operating leasesFinance leases
2020 (excluding the first 9 months)$5,551 $315 
20213,854 129 
20223,203 50 
20232,761 22 
20241,981 
Thereafter1,033 — 
Total lease payments$18,383 $520 
Less imputed interest(2,005)(28)
Total$16,378 $492 


NOTE 15 - BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

On August 21, 2020, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Advanced Technical Solutions in Scandinavia AB (“ATS”), a Swedish company focused on 3D digital twin solution technology for a purchase price of €5.1 million ($6.0 million) paid, net of cash acquired, subject to certain additional post-closing adjustments, and up to €1.0 million ($1.2 million) in contingent consideration that may be earned by the former owners if certain product development milestones are met in a three-year period. The U.S. Dollar amounts have been converted from Euros based on the foreign exchange rate in effect on the closing date of the acquisition. We believe this acquisition enables the Company to provide high accuracy 3D digital twin simulations for industries such as automotive and aerospace. The results of ATS’s operations as of and after the date of acquisition have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2020, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The acquisition of ATS constitutes a business combinations as defined by ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their fair values on the date of acquisition. The purchase price allocations below represent our preliminary determination of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisitions.

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Following is a summary of our allocations of the purchase price to the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition:
Fair Value (2)
Tangible assets acquired:
  Accounts receivable$185 
  Inventory312 
  Other assets389 
Total assets acquired886 
Liabilities assumed:
 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(355)
Total liabilities assumed(355)
 Intangible assets1,295 
Net assets acquired1,826 
 Deferred income tax liability(277)
 Goodwill
5,467 
 Contingent consideration(1)
(980)
Purchase price paid, net of cash acquired$6,036 
 Contingent consideration(1)
980 
Total purchase price$7,016 

(1) This total consists primarily of the fair value of the projected contingent consideration.
(2) Amounts converted from Euros to U.S. Dollars based on the foreign exchange rate on the closing date of the acquisition.

The goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the expected synergies from combining operations as well as the value of the workforce. This goodwill is not tax deductible. Acquisition and integration costs are not included as components of consideration transferred, but are recorded as expense in the period in which such costs are incurred. To date, we have not incurred any material acquisition or integration costs for the ATS acquisition. Pro forma financial results for ATS has not been presented because the effects of these transactions, individually and in the aggregate, were not material to our consolidated financial results.

Following are the details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired for the ATS acquisition:
AmountWeighted Average Life (Years)
 Brand$33 1
 Technology767 5
 Customer relationships495 10
 Fair value of intangible assets acquired$1,295 7


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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following information should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
FARO Technologies, Inc. (“FARO,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” or “our”) has made “forward-looking statements” in this report (within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995). Statements that are not historical facts or that describe our plans, beliefs, goals, intentions, objectives, projections, expectations, assumptions, strategies, or future events are forward-looking statements. In addition, words such as “may,” “might,” “would,” “will,” “will be,” “future,” “strategy,” “believe,” “plan,” “should,” “could,” “seek,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “goal,” “objective,” “project,” “forecast,” “target” and similar words identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Consequently, undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements. We do not intend to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, unless otherwise required by law. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in such forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
 
an economic downturn in the manufacturing industry or the domestic and international economies in the regions of the world where we operate;
the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on our business operations, as well as its impact on general economic and financial market conditions;
our inability to realize the intended benefits of our undertaking to transition to a company that is reorganized around functions to improve the efficiency of our sales organization and to improve operational effectiveness;
our inability to successfully execute our new strategic plan and restructuring plan, including but not limited to additional impairment charges and/or higher than expected severance costs and exist costs, and our inability to realize the expected benefits of such plans;
our inability to further penetrate our customer base and target markets;
development by others of new or improved products, processes or technologies that make our products less competitive or obsolete;
our inability to maintain what we believe to be our technological advantage by developing new products and enhancing our existing products;
the outcome of the U.S. Government’s review of, or investigation into, our potential overcharging of the U.S. Government under our General Services Administration Federal Supply Schedule contracts, any resulting penalties, damages or sanctions imposed on us and the outcome of any resulting litigation to which we may become a party, loss of future government sales and potential impacts on customer and supplier relationships and our reputation;
risks associated with expanding international operations, such as difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, increased political and economic instability, compliance with potentially evolving import and export regulations, and the burdens and potential exposure of complying with a wide variety of U.S. and foreign laws and labor practices;
changes in trade regulation, which result in rising prices of imported steel, steel byproducts, aluminum and aluminum byproducts and various other raw materials that we use in the production of measurement devices, and our ability to pass those costs on to our customers or require our suppliers to absorb such costs;
changes in foreign regulation which may result in rising prices of our measurement devices sold as exports to our international customers, our customers’ willingness to absorb incremental import tariffs, and the corresponding impact on our profitability;
our inability to successfully identify and acquire target companies and achieve expected benefits from, and effectively integrate, acquisitions that are consummated, including our recent acquisition of Applied Technical Solutions in Scandinavia AB;
the cyclical nature of the industries of our customers and material adverse changes in our customers’ access to liquidity and capital;
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changes in the potential for the computer-aided measurement market and the potential adoption rate for our products, which are difficult to quantify and predict;
our inability to protect our patents and other proprietary rights in the United States and foreign countries;
our inability to adequately establish and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;
fluctuations in our annual and quarterly operating results and the inability to achieve our financial operating targets as a result of a number of factors including, without limitation (i) litigation and regulatory action brought against us, (ii) quality issues with our products, (iii) excess or obsolete inventory, shrinkage or other inventory losses due to product obsolescence, change in demand for our products, scrap or material price changes, (iv) raw material price fluctuations and other inflationary pressures, (v) expansion of our manufacturing capability, (vi) the size and timing of customer orders, (vii) the amount of time that it takes to fulfill orders and ship our products, (viii) the length of our sales cycle to new customers and the time and expense incurred in further penetrating our existing customer base, (ix) manufacturing inefficiencies associated with new product introductions, (x) costs associated with new product introductions, such as product development, marketing, assembly line start-up costs and low introductory period production volumes, (xi) the timing and market acceptance of new products and product enhancements, (xii) customer order deferrals in anticipation of new products and product enhancements, (xiii) the inability of our sales and marketing programs to achieve their sales targets, (xiv) start-up costs associated with opening new sales offices outside of the United States, (xv) fluctuations in revenue without proportionate adjustments in fixed costs, (xvi) inefficiencies in the management of our inventories and fixed assets, (xvii) compliance with government regulations including health, safety, and environmental matters, and (xviii) costs associated with the training and ramp-up time for new sales people;
changes in gross margins due to a changing mix of products sold and the different gross margins on different products and sales channels;
changes in applicable laws, rules or regulations, or their interpretation or enforcement, or the enactment of new laws, rules or regulations that apply to our business operations or require us to incur significant expenses for compliance;
our inability to successfully comply with the requirements of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive in the European Union;
the inability of our products to displace traditional measurement devices and attain broad market acceptance;
the impact of competitive products and pricing on our current offerings;
our ability to successfully complete our executive officer transitions and the loss of any of our executive officers or other key personnel;
difficulties in recruiting research and development engineers and application engineers;
the failure to effectively manage the effects of any future growth;
the impact of reductions or projected reductions in government spending, or uncertainty regarding future levels of government expenditures, particularly in the defense sector;
variations in our effective income tax rate, which makes it difficult to predict our effective income tax rate on a quarterly and annual basis, and the impact of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 on the global intangible low-taxed income of foreign subsidiaries;
the loss of key suppliers and the inability to find sufficient alternative suppliers in a reasonable period of time or on commercially reasonable terms;
the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates;
the effect of estimates and assumptions with respect to critical accounting policies and the impact of the adoption of recently issued accounting pronouncements;
the magnitude of increased warranty costs from new product introductions and enhancements to existing products;
the sufficiency of our plants to meet manufacturing requirements;
the continuation of our share repurchase program;
the sufficiency of our working capital and cash flow from operations to fund our long-term liquidity requirements;
the impact of geographic changes in the manufacturing or sales of our products on our effective income tax rate;
our ability to comply with the requirements for favorable tax rates in foreign jurisdictions; and
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other risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and risks identified on this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Moreover, new risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly or review the risks and uncertainties included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise required by law.
Overview
We are a global technology company that designs, develops, manufactures, markets and supports software driven, three-dimensional (“3D”) measurement and imaging solutions. This technology permits high-precision 3D measurement, imaging and comparison of parts and complex structures within production and quality assurance processes. Our devices are used for inspection of components and assemblies, rapid prototyping, reverse engineering, documenting large volume or structures in 3D, surveying and construction, as well as for investigation and reconstruction of accident sites or crime scenes. We sell the majority of our products through a direct sales force across a broad number of customers in a range of manufacturing, industrial, architecture, surveying, building information modeling, construction, public safety forensics, cultural heritage, and other applications. Our FaroArm®, FARO ScanArm®, FARO Laser TrackerTM, FARO Laser Projector, and their companion CAM2®, BuildIT, and BuildIT Projector software solutions, provide for Computer-Aided Design (“CAD”) based inspection, factory-level statistical process control, high-density surveying, and laser-guided assembly and production. Together, these products integrate the measurement, quality inspection, and reverse engineering functions with CAD and 3D software to improve productivity, enhance product quality, and decrease rework and scrap in the manufacturing process, mainly supporting applications in the automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication and other industrial manufacturing markets. Our FARO Focus and FARO ScanPlan laser scanners, and their companion FARO SCENE, BuildIT, FARO As-BuiltTM, and FARO Zone public safety forensics software offerings, are utilized for a wide variety of 3D modeling, documentation and high-density surveying applications primarily in the architecture, engineering, and construction and public safety markets. Our FARO ScanArm® and its companion SCENE software also enable a fully digital workflow used to capture real world geometry for the purpose of empowering design, enabling innovation, and speeding up the design cycle.
We derive our revenues primarily from the sale of our measurement equipment and related multi-faceted software programs. Revenue related to these products is generally recognized upon shipment. In addition, we sell extended warranties and training and technology consulting services relating to our products. We recognize the revenue from extended warranties on a straight-line basis over the term of the warranty, and revenue from training and technology consulting services when the services are provided.
We operate in international markets throughout the world and maintain sales offices in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
We manufacture our FaroArm® and FARO ScanArm® products in our manufacturing facility located in Switzerland for customer orders from Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”), in our manufacturing facility located in Singapore for customer orders from the Asia-Pacific region, and in our manufacturing facility located in Florida for customer orders from the Americas. We manufacture our FARO Focus in our manufacturing facilities located in Germany and Switzerland for customer orders from EMEA and the Asia-Pacific region, and in our manufacturing facility located in Pennsylvania for customer orders from the Americas. We manufacture our FARO Laser TrackerTM and our FARO Laser Projector products in our facility located in Pennsylvania. We expect all of our existing manufacturing facilities to have the production capacity necessary to support our volume requirements during 2020.
We account for wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries in the currency of the respective foreign jurisdiction; therefore, fluctuations in exchange rates may have an impact on the value of the intercompany account balances denominated in different currencies and reflected in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We are aware of the availability of off-balance sheet financial instruments to hedge exposure to foreign currency exchange rates, including cross-currency swaps, forward contracts and foreign currency options. However, we have not used such instruments in the past, and none were utilized in 2019 or the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
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Acquisition of ATS
On August 21, 2020, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Advanced Technical Solutions in Scandinavia AB (“ATS”), a Swedish company focused on 3D digital twin solution technology for a purchase price of €5.1 million ($6.0 million) paid, net of cash acquired, subject to certain additional post-closing adjustments, and up to €1.0 million ($1.2 million) in contingent consideration that may be earned by the former owners if certain product development milestones are met in a three-year period. The U.S. Dollar amounts have been converted from Euros based on the foreign exchange rate in effect on the closing date of the acquisition. We believe this acquisition enables the Company to provide high accuracy 3D digital twin simulations for industries such as automotive and aerospace. The results of ATS’s operations as of and after the date of acquisition have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2020, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
COVID-19 and Impact On Our Business
Our business is significantly vulnerable to the economic effects of pandemics and other public health crises, including the ongoing novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak that has surfaced in virtually every country of our global operating footprint. During the second and third quarter of 2020, we experienced a significant decline in the demand for our products and services across all of our served markets as a result of the impact of the spread of COVID-19. Although COVID-19 has negatively impacted demand for our products and services overall, the global pandemic also has provided us with the opportunity to adapt to a virtual environment and to capitalize on our existing virtual sales demonstration infrastructure which we have had in place for several years. There has been an increase in the attendance of our virtual training and product information seminars as our customers take advantage of the opportunity to remotely participate and to better understand the capabilities of our products and software offerings.
We continue to assess the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on our business results and remain committed to taking actions to address the health and safety of our employees and customers, as well as the negative effects from demand disruption and production impacts, including, but not limited to, the following:
Operating our business with a focus on our employee health and safety, which includes minimizing travel, remote work policies, maintaining employee distancing and enhanced sanitation of all of our facilities;
Monitoring of our liquidity, reduction of supply flows into our manufacturing facilities, disciplined inventory management, and scrutinization of our capital expenditures; and
Continuously reviewing our financial strategy to strengthen financial flexibility in these volatile financial markets.
We continue to maintain a strong capital structure with a cash balance of $163.5 million and no debt as of September 30, 2020. We believe that our liquidity position is adequate to meet our projected needs in the reasonably foreseeable future.
Future developments, such as the potential resurgence of COVID-19 in countries that have begun to recover from the early impact of the pandemic and actions taken by governments in response to future resurgence, that are highly uncertain and not able to be predicted will determine the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak continues to impact the Company’s results of operations and financial conditions. See Item 1A, Risk Factors, included in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for an additional discussion of risks related to COVID-19.
Change in Organizational Structure and Segment Reporting
From the fourth quarter of 2016 through the fourth quarter of 2019, we operated in five market verticals—3D Manufacturing, Construction Building Information Modeling (“Construction BIM”), Public Safety Forensics, 3D Design and Photonics—and had three reporting segments—3D Manufacturing, Construction BIM and Emerging Verticals. As discussed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the third quarter of 2019, our new management team, led by our new Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), formulated and began to implement a new comprehensive strategic plan for our business. As part of our strategic planning process, we identified areas of our business that needed enhanced focus or change in order to improve our efficiency and cost structure. In the fourth quarter of 2019, we reassessed and redefined our go-to-market strategy, refocused our marketing engagement with our customers and re-evaluated our hardware product portfolio. We also began to focus on other organizational optimization efforts, including the simplification of our overly complex management structure.
As part of our new strategic plan, and based on the recommendation of our CEO, who is also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), in the fourth quarter of 2019, we eliminated our vertical operating structure and reorganized the Company into a functional structure. Our executive leadership team is now comprised of global functional leaders in areas such as sales, marketing, operations, research and development and general and administrative, and resources are allocated to each function at a consolidated unit level. We no longer have separate business units, or segment managers or vertical leaders who report to the CODM with respect to operations, operating results or planning for levels or components below the total Company level. Instead, our CODM now allocates resources and evaluates performance on a Company-wide basis. Based on these changes, commencing with the fourth quarter of 2019, we now report as one reporting segment that develops, manufactures,
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markets, supports and sells CAD-based quality assurance products integrated with CAD-based inspection and statistical process control software and 3D documentation systems. Our reporting segment sells into a variety of end markets, including automotive, aerospace, metal and machine fabrication, architecture, engineering, construction and public safety.
New Strategic Plan and Restructuring Plan
In addition to the reorganization of the Company’s structure, as part of our strategic planning process, we also evaluated our hardware product portfolio and the operations of certain of our recent acquisitions. As a result of this evaluation, we are simplifying our hardware product portfolio, ceasing to sell certain products and disposed of certain recent acquisitions.
In addition to the implementation of our new strategic plan, on February 14, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a global restructuring plan (the “Restructuring Plan”), which is intended to support our strategic plan in an effort to improve operating performance and ensure that we are appropriately structured and resourced to deliver increased and sustainable value to our shareholders and customers. Key activities under the Restructuring Plan include a continued focus on efficiency and cost-saving efforts, which includes decreasing total headcount by approximately 500 employees upon the completion of the Restructuring Plan.
These activities are expected to be substantially completed by the end of 2021. Pre-tax charges of approximately $49 million were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2019 in connection with the implementation of our new strategic plan and included the following:
$21.2 million impairment of goodwill;
$12.8 million charge, increasing our reserve for excess and obsolete inventory;
$10.5 million impairment of intangible assets associated with recent acquisitions;
$1.4 million impairment of intangible assets related to capitalized patents;
$3.4 million impairment of other assets and other charges.
In connection with the Restructuring Plan, we recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $13.7 million during the first quarter 2020 and $0.6 million during the second quarter primarily consisting of severance and related benefits. We estimate total additional pre-tax charges of $7 million to $17 million for the remainder of fiscal year 2020.
Actual results, including the costs of the Restructuring Plan, may differ materially from our expectations, resulting in our inability to realize the expected benefits of the Restructuring Plan and our new strategic plan and negatively impacting our ability to execute our future plans and strategies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Reclassification and Related Changes to Presentation
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current period presentation:
Selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses are now being reported in the accompanying statements of operations together in one line as Selling, general and administrative. Previously, those expenses were reported as two separate line items under operating expenses. Amounts related to selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 have been reclassified throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect this reclassification of selling, general and administrative expenses and to conform to the current period presentation, as set forth in the following table;
Software maintenance revenue is now being reported in the accompanying statements of operations as a component of product sales. Previously, these revenues were reported in service sales. Amounts related to software maintenance revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 have been reclassified throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect this reclassification of software maintenance revenue and to conform to the current period presentation, as set forth in the following table; and
Software maintenance cost of sales is now being reported in the accompanying statements of operations as a component of product cost of sales. Previously, these cost of sales was reported in service cost of sales. Amounts related to software maintenance cost of sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 have been reclassified throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect this reclassification of software maintenance cost of sales and to conform to the current period presentation, as set forth in the following table.

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For the three months ended, September 30, 2019
As ReportedSelling, General and Administrative AdjustmentSoftware Maintenance and Other AdjustmentsAs Adjusted
Sales
Product$63,641 $— $3,147 $66,788 
Service26,875 — (3,147)23,728 
Total sales$90,516 $— $— $90,516 
Cost of Sales
Product$26,495 $— $591 $27,086 
Service13,249 — (591)12,658 
Total cost of sales$39,744 $— $— $39,744 
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative$— $45,880 $— $45,880 
Selling and marketing30,218 (30,218)— — 
General and administrative15,662 (15,662)— — 
Research and development10,783 — — 10,783 
Total operating expenses$56,663 $— $— $56,663 


For the nine months ended, September 30, 2019
As Reported
Selling, General and Administrative Adjustment
Software Maintenance and Other AdjustmentsAs Adjusted
Sales
Product$200,434 $— $8,977 $209,411 
Service77,190 — (8,977)68,213 
Total sales$277,624 $— $— $277,624 
Cost of Sales
Product$83,632 $— $1,910 $85,542 
Service39,461 — (1,910)37,551 
Total cost of sales$123,093 $— $— $123,093 
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative$— $131,909 $— $131,909 
Selling and marketing87,438 (87,438)— — 
General and administrative44,471 (44,471)— — 
Research and development33,048 — — 33,048 
Total operating expenses$164,957 $— $— $164,957 


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The following table summarizes total stock-based compensation expense for each of the line items on our condensed consolidated statement of operations:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30, 2020September 30, 2019September 30, 2020September 30, 2019
Cost of Sales
Product$39 $170 $234 $482 
Service88 100 257 288 
Total cost of sales$127 $270 $491 $770 
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative$1,527 $2,745 $4,666 $7,052 
Research and development430 372 1,271 881 
Total operating expenses$1,957 $3,117 $5,937 $7,933 

Amounts reported in millions within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are computed based on the amounts in thousands. As a result, the sum of the components reported in millions may not equal the total amount reported in millions due to rounding. Certain columns and rows within the tables that follow may not add due to the use of rounded numbers. Percentages presented are calculated based on the respective amounts in thousands.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our unaudited results of operations expressed as dollar amounts and as a percentage of total sales.
Three months ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)2020% of Sales2019% of Sales2020% of Sales2019% of Sales
Sales
Product$48,082 68.0 %$66,788 73.8 %$146,866 69.7 %$209,411 75.4 %
Service22,654 32.0 %23,728 26.2 %63,949 30.3 %68,213 24.6 %
Total sales70,736 100.0 %90,516 100.0 %210,815 100.0 %277,624 100.0 %
Cost of Sales
Product22,413 31.7 %27,086 29.9 %66,812 31.7 %85,542 30.8 %
Service12,025 17.0 %12,658 14.0 %34,936 16.6 %37,551 13.5 %
Total cost of sales34,438 48.7 %39,744 43.9 %101,748 48.3 %123,093 44.3 %
Gross Profit36,298 51.3 %50,772 56.1 %109,067 51.7 %154,531 55.7 %
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative30,163 42.6 %45,880 50.7 %96,523 45.8 %131,909 47.5 %
Research and development10,754 15.2 %10,783 11.9 %31,355 14.9 %33,048 11.9 %
Restructuring costs239 0.3 %— — %14,563 6.9 %— — %
Total operating expenses41,156 58.2 %56,663 62.6 %142,441 67.6 %164,957 59.4 %
Loss from operations(4,858)(6.9)%(5,891)(6.5)%(33,374)(15.8)%(10,426)(3.8)%
Other (income) expense
Interest expense, net161 0.2 %(24)— %407 0.2 %72 — %
Other expense, net(256)(0.4)%514 0.6 %334 0.2 %2,398 0.9 %
Loss before income tax benefit(4,763)(6.7)%(6,381)(7.0)%(34,115)(16.2)%(12,896)(4.6)%
Income tax benefit(1,739)(2.5)%(182)(0.2)%(7,336)(3.5)%(444)(0.2)%
Net loss$(3,024)(4.3)%$(6,199)(6.8)%$(26,779)(12.7)%$(12,452)(4.5)%

Consolidated Results
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Sales. Total sales decreased by $19.8 million, or 21.9%, to $70.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $90.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Total product sales decreased by $18.7 million, or 28.0%, to $48.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $66.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Our product sales decreased primarily due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other fluctuations in market conditions. Service revenue decreased by $1.0 million, or 4.5%, to $22.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $23.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Foreign exchange rates had a positive impact on total sales of $0.6 million, decreasing the percent that our overall sales declined by approximately 0.6 percentage points, primarily due to the strengthening of the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
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Gross profit. Gross profit decreased by $14.5 million, or 28.5%, to $36.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $50.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and gross margin decreased to 51.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 56.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic which adversely affected our product fixed cost absorption. Gross margin from product revenue decreased by 6.0 percentage points to 53.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 59.4% for the prior year period primarily due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic which adversely affected our product fixed cost absorption. Gross margin from service revenue increased by 0.2 percentage points to 46.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 46.7% for the prior year period, primarily due to an increase in recurring service contracts revenue and corresponding decrease in service contracts expenses due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $15.7 million, or 34.3%, to $30.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $45.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was driven primarily by decreased salaries and wages and other cost savings initiatives to reduce non-personnel costs that resulted from the Restructuring Plan. Additionally, a decrease in selling commission expense and travel expense was driven by reduced global sales and pandemic stay-at-home orders, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales decreased to 42.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with 50.7% of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Our worldwide period-ending selling, general and administrative headcount decreased by 374, or 35.9%, to 668 at September 30, 2020, from 1,042 at September 30, 2019.
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses remained flat for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, driven by a decrease in purchased technology intangible amortization expense as a result of the impairment of certain intangible assets in connection with the Restructuring Plan offset by an increase in personnel costs. Research and development expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 15.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 11.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Restructuring costs. In February 2020, we initiated the Restructuring Plan to improve business effectiveness, streamline operations and achieve a stated target cost level for the Company as a whole. Restructuring costs included in operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were $0.2 million primarily consisting of legal and consulting expenses and adjustments to our restructuring accrual for severance and related benefits.
Interest expense (income), net. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded interest expense of $0.2 million compared with interest income of less than $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This change was mainly due to interest income earned on investments during the three months ended September 30, 2019 without such activity during the same period in the current year.
Other (income) expense, net. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded other income, net of $0.3 million compared with other expense, net of $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This change was mainly due to changes in foreign exchange rates and its effect on the value of intercompany account balances of our subsidiaries denominated in other currencies.
Income tax benefit. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded an income tax benefit of $1.7 million compared with income tax benefit of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Our effective tax rate was (36.5%) for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with (2.9%) in the prior year period. The change in our income tax benefit was primarily due to the increase in our pretax loss during the third quarter of 2020 compared to the same period of 2019. The change in our effective tax rate was primarily due to the impact of return-to-provision adjustments recorded during the third quarter of 2019 without such activity during the same period in the current year.
Our quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate and our quarterly provision for income tax (benefit) expense are subject to significant variation due to numerous factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pretax and taxable income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, as well as the amount of pretax income or loss recognized during the quarter.
Net loss. Our net loss was $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared with net loss of $6.2 million for the prior year period, reflecting the impact of the factors described above.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Sales. Total sales decreased by $66.8 million, or 24.1%, to $210.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $277.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Total product sales decreased by $62.5 million, or 29.9%, to $146.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $209.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Our product sales decreased primarily due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other fluctuations in market conditions. Service revenue decreased by $4.3 million, or 6.3%, to $63.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $68.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Foreign exchange rates had a negative impact on total sales of $1.5 million, increasing the percent that our overall sales declined by approximately 0.5 percentage points, primarily due to the weakening of the Chinese Yuan, Brazilian Real and Mexican Peso relative to the U.S. dollar.
Gross profit. Gross profit decreased by $45.4 million, or 29.4%, to $109.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $154.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and gross margin decreased to 51.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 55.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic which adversely affected our product fixed cost absorption. Gross margin from product revenue decreased by 4.7% percentage points to 54.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 59.2% for the prior year period primarily due to the unfavorable impact of end market demand softness related to the COVID-19 pandemic which adversely affected our product fixed cost absorption. Gross margin from service revenue increased by 0.4% percentage points to 45.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 45.0% for the prior year period, primarily due to an increase in recurring service contracts revenue and corresponding decrease in service contracts expenses due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $35.4 million, or 26.8%, to $96.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $131.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was driven primarily by decreased salaries and wages and other cost savings initiatives to reduce non-personnel costs that resulted from the Restructuring Plan. Additionally, a decrease in selling commission expense and travel expense was driven by reduced global sales and pandemic stay-at-home orders, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales decreased to 45.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with 47.5% of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Our worldwide period-ending selling, general and administrative headcount decreased by 374, or 35.9%, to 668 at September 30, 2020, from 1,042 at September 30, 2019.
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses decreased by $1.6 million, or 5.1%, to 31.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $33.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was mainly driven by a decrease in purchased technology intangible amortization expense as a result of the impairment of certain intangible assets in connection with the Restructuring Plan. Research and development expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 14.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 11.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Restructuring costs. In February 2020, we initiated the Restructuring Plan to improve business effectiveness, streamline operations and achieve a stated target cost level for the Company as a whole. Restructuring costs included in operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $14.6 million primarily consisting of severance and related benefits charges.
Interest expense, net. We recorded interest expense, net of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This change was mainly due to interest income earned on investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 with a decrease in interest income activity during the same period in the current year.
Other expense, net. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other expense decreased by $2.1 million to $0.3 million from $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease is primarily driven by the $1.5 million impairment charge related to our equity investment in present4D recorded in the second quarter of 2019.
Income tax benefit. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded an income tax benefit of $7.3 million compared with income tax benefit of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Our effective tax rate was (22%) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with (3%) in the prior year period. The change in our income tax benefit expense was primarily due to the increase in our pretax loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period of 2019. The change in our effective tax rate was primarily due to the impact of return-to-provision adjustments recorded during the third quarter of 2019 without such activity during the same period in the current year.
Our quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate and our quarterly provision for income tax (benefit) expense are subject to significant variation due to numerous factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pretax and taxable
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income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, as well as the amount of pretax income or loss recognized during the quarter.
Net loss. Our net loss was $26.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with net loss of $12.5 million for the prior year period, reflecting the impact of the factors described above.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $30.0 million to $163.6 million at September 30, 2020 from $133.6 million at December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by net cash provided by operating and investing activities. Cash provided by operating activities was $10.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $23.5 million of cash provided by operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was mainly due to a larger net loss in the current period and changes in working capital.
Cash provided by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $16.1 million compared to cash used in investing activities of $8.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The change was primarily due to the maturity of U.S. Treasury Bills amounting to $25.0 million offset by the acquisition of ATS during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 without such activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Cash provided by financing activities was $1.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to cash used in financing activities of $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The change was primarily due to $5.4 million in cash received from the exercise of employee stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $2.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Of our cash and cash equivalents, $102.9 million was held by foreign subsidiaries as of September 30, 2020. On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, resulting in significant modifications to existing tax law, which included a transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. Despite the changes in U.S. tax law, our current intent is to indefinitely reinvest these funds in our foreign operations, as the cash is needed to fund ongoing operations.
On November 24, 2008, our Board of Directors approved a $30.0 million share repurchase program. Acquisitions for the share repurchase program may be made from time to time at prevailing prices, as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The share repurchase program may be discontinued at any time. There is no expiration date or other restriction governing the period over which we can repurchase shares under the program. In October 2015, our Board of Directors authorized an increase to the existing share repurchase program from $30.0 million to $50.0 million. We made no stock repurchases during the nine month period ended September 30, 2020 under this program. As of September 30, 2020, we had authorization to repurchase $18.3 million remaining under the repurchase program.
We believe that our working capital and anticipated cash flow from operations will be sufficient to fund our long-term liquidity operating requirements for at least the next 12 months.
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
We enter into purchase commitments for products and services in the ordinary course of business. These purchases generally cover production requirements for 60 to 120 days as well as materials necessary to service customer units through the product lifecycle and for warranty commitments. As of September 30, 2020, we had $49.3 million in purchase commitments that are expected to be delivered within the next 12 months. Other than as described in the preceding sentences, there have been no material changes to the contractual obligations and commercial commitments table included in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, as well as disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience, along with various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Some of these judgments can be subjective and complex and, consequently, actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. A discussion of our critical accounting policies is included in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 19, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, our critical accounting policies have not changed from those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign Exchange Exposure
We conduct a significant portion of our business outside the United States. As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, 59% of our revenue was invoiced, and a significant portion of our operating expenses were paid, in foreign currencies, and 37% of our assets were denominated in foreign currencies. Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and such foreign currencies may have a material effect on our results of operations and financial condition and could specifically result in foreign exchange gains and losses. The impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on the results of our operations cannot be accurately predicted due to our constantly changing exposure to various currencies, and the fact that all foreign currencies do not react in the same manner in relation to the U.S. dollar. Our most significant exposures are to the Euro, Swiss Franc, Japanese Yen, Chinese Yuan and Brazilian Real. To the extent that the percentage of our non-U.S. dollar revenues derived from international sales increases in the future, our exposure to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign exchange rates may increase. We are aware of the availability of off-balance sheet financial instruments to hedge exposure to foreign currency exchange rates, including cross-currency swaps, forward contracts and foreign currency options. However, we have not used such instruments in the past, and none were utilized in 2019 or the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (the “SEC”) rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures also include, without limitation, controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2020. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2020 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are not involved in any legal proceedings, including routine litigation arising in the normal course of business, that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under “Risk Factors” in this Item 1A and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as updated by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, each as filed with the SEC, before deciding to invest in, or retain, shares of our common stock. These risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and in subsequent periodic reports filed with the SEC are not the only risks we face. Our operations could also be affected by additional factors that are not presently known by us or by factors that we currently consider to be immaterial to our business. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, other than as updated by our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
The risk factor entitled “Our operations are vulnerable to the effects of epidemics, such as the coronavirus, which could materially disrupt our business.” was previously updated and remains current:

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States and around the world. Our operations are significantly vulnerable to the effects of pandemics, such as COVID-19, which have, and could continue to materially impact our business.
We are significantly vulnerable to the economic effects of pandemics and other public health crises, including the ongoing
COVID-19 outbreak that has surfaced in every country of our global operating footprint. The impact of COVID-19 including
the severity of a “second wave” or other additional periods of increases or spikes in the number of COVID-19 cases in areas in
which we operate, disruptions to our business, changes in consumer behaviors, restrictions on individual and business activities, and financial liquidity concerns, has created significant volatility in the macro-economic environment and led to reduced economic activity. There have been and continues to be material actions taken by global government authorities to contain and slow the spread of COVID-19, including travel bans, quarantines, and stay-at-home orders to restrict activities for individuals and businesses.
Most of our non-manufacturing and technical service personnel continue to work from home, which began in March 2020. Our global manufacturing operations, including facilities located in Exton, Pennsylvania, Lake Mary, Florida, Germany, Switzerland and Singapore continue to be designated as essential business and therefore continue to operate. To protect our employees in facilities in which our teams operate, we have and continue to employ significant preventative measures to ensure the health and safety of our employees, including temperature screenings prior to entering our plants, enforcement of safe distancing between employees within our plants, encouragement that employees wash hands often, and stay-at-home measures if symptoms of COVID-19 arise during work hours or prior to entering our plants.
The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our financial condition and results of operations will depend on future events and developments, such as the duration and magnitude of the outbreak and future possible subsequent outbreaks. The impacts of the pandemic include, but are not limited to, the following:
Potential production slowdowns of our factories in impacted countries or potential supply and distribution chain disruption, which could in the future result in increased costs and decreased efficiency, and which have and could impact our ability to respond to rapid changes in demand;
The demand for our products and services, and whether the pandemic leads to recessionary conditions in any of our key markets, including potential trade customer financial restructuring or insolvency and increases in accounts receivable balances with our trade customer base; Potential future impairment in value of our tangible or intangible assets could be recorded as a result of weaker economic conditions;
Potential significant disruption of global financial markets, which could have a negative impact on our ability to access capital in the future, and which has, together with operational impacts noted above, necessitated certain recent liquidity creation and preservation actions as a precautionary measure;
Fluctuations in forecasted earnings before tax and corresponding volatility in our effective tax rate;
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Potential operational disruption if key employees terminate their employment or become ill, as well as diversion of our management team's attention from non-COVID-19 related matters; and
Potential investigations, legal claims or litigation against us for actions we have taken or may take, or decisions we have made or may make, as a consequence of the pandemic;
As such, the ultimate impact on our financial condition and results of operations cannot be determined at this time. In 2020, we have been adversely affected and continue to expect our business, financial condition and results of operations to be adversely affected.
In addition, we cannot predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our trade customers, suppliers, consumers, and each of their financial conditions; however, any material effect on these parties could adversely impact us. The impact of COVID-19 may also exacerbate other risks discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer Under the Share Repurchase Plan
On November 24, 2008, our Board of Directors approved a $30.0 million share repurchase program. Acquisitions for the share repurchase program may be made from time to time at prevailing prices, as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The share repurchase program may be discontinued at any time. There is no expiration date or other restriction governing the period over which we can repurchase shares under the program. In October 2015, our Board of Directors authorized an increase to the existing share repurchase program from $30.0 million to $50.0 million. We made no stock repurchases during the nine month period ended September 30, 2020 under this program. As of September 30, 2020, we had authorization to repurchase $18.3 million remaining under the repurchase program.
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Item 6. Exhibits
 
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
101.SCH  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL  Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*)
* This certification will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent specifically incorporated by reference into such filing.

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 FARO Technologies, Inc.
 (Registrant)
Date: October 28, 2020By: /s/ Allen Muhich
 Name: Allen Muhich
 Title: Chief Financial Officer
 (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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