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FB Financial Corp - Quarter Report: 2020 June (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
______________________________________________________________
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number 001-37875
_____________________________________________________________
FB FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
______________________________________________________________
Tennessee62-1216058
( State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
211 Commerce Street, Suite 300Nashville, Tennessee
37201
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (615) 564-1212
____________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐  Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐  Small reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☒    
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares of Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of July 31, 2020 was 32,103,348.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol  Name of each exchange on which registered 
Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 Per Share FBK  New York Stock Exchange 
1

Table of Contents
Page
PART I.
Item 1.
   and 2019
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II.
Item1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.



2
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1 - CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Consolidated balance sheets
(Amounts are in thousands except share and per share amounts)
 


 June 30,December 31,
 2020 (Unaudited)2019
ASSETS  
Cash and due from banks$33,710  $48,806  
Federal funds sold34,638  131,119  
Interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions649,244  52,756  
Cash and cash equivalents717,592  232,681  
Investments:
Available-for-sale debt securities, at fair value747,438  688,381  
Equity securities, at fair value4,329  3,295  
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost17,621  15,976  
Loans held for sale, at fair value435,479  262,518  
Loans4,827,023  4,409,642  
Less: allowance for credit losses113,129  31,139  
Net loans4,713,894  4,378,503  
Premises and equipment, net100,638  90,131  
Other real estate owned, net15,091  18,939  
Operating lease right-of-use assets30,447  32,539  
Interest receivable26,587  17,083  
Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value60,508  75,521  
Goodwill175,441  169,051  
Core deposit and other intangibles, net17,671  17,589  
Other assets192,800  122,714  
Total assets$7,255,536  $6,124,921  
LIABILITIES
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing$1,775,323  $1,208,175  
Interest-bearing checking1,236,094  1,014,875  
Money market and savings1,749,889  1,520,035  
Customer time deposits1,176,067  1,171,502  
Brokered and internet time deposits15,428  20,351  
Total deposits5,952,801  4,934,938  
Borrowings328,662  304,675  
Operating lease liabilities33,803  35,525  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities135,054  87,454  
Total liabilities6,450,320  5,362,592  
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, $1 par value per share; 75,000,000 shares authorized;
   32,101,108 and 31,034,315 shares issued and outstanding at
   June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively
32,101  31,034  
Additional paid-in capital462,930  425,633  
Retained earnings286,296  293,524  
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net
23,889  12,138  
Total shareholders' equity805,216  762,329  
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$7,255,536  $6,124,921  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
3

FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Consolidated statements of income
(Unaudited)
(Amounts are in thousands except share and per share amounts)


 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020201920202019
Interest income:  
Interest and fees on loans$61,092  $66,276  $124,846  $126,724  
Interest on securities
Taxable2,619  3,548  5,675  7,117  
Tax-exempt1,590  1,160  3,023  2,304  
Other306  735  1,737  1,507  
Total interest income65,607  71,719  135,281  137,652  
Interest expense:
Deposits9,309  13,488  21,477  25,343  
Borrowings961  1,208  2,218  2,270  
Total interest expense10,270  14,696  23,695  27,613  
Net interest income55,337  57,023  111,586  110,039  
Provision for credit losses24,039  881  52,003  2,272  
Provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments1,882  —  3,483  —  
Net interest income after provisions for credit losses29,416  56,142  56,100  107,767  
Noninterest income:
Mortgage banking income72,168  24,526  104,913  45,547  
Service charges on deposit accounts1,858  2,327  4,421  4,406  
ATM and interchange fees3,606  3,002  6,740  5,658  
Investment services and trust income1,368  1,287  3,065  2,582  
(Loss) gain from securities, net(28) 52  35  95  
Gain on sales or write-downs of other real estate owned86  277  137  238  
(Loss) gain from other assets(54) (183) (382) 8  
Other income2,487  1,691  5,262  3,484  
Total noninterest income81,491  32,979  124,191  62,018  
Noninterest expenses:
Salaries, commissions and employee benefits55,258  37,918  98,880  71,615  
Occupancy and equipment expense4,096  4,319  8,274  8,049  
Legal and professional fees1,952  1,694  3,510  3,419  
Data processing 2,782  2,643  5,235  5,027  
Merger costs1,586  3,783  4,636  4,404  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangibles1,205  1,254  2,408  1,983  
Advertising2,591  2,434  4,980  5,171  
Other expense11,109  10,074  21,215  19,552  
Total noninterest expense80,579  64,119  149,138  119,220  
Income before income taxes30,328  25,002  31,153  50,565  
Income tax expense7,455  6,314  7,535  12,289  
Net income$22,873  $18,688  $23,618  $38,276  
Earnings per common share
Basic$0.71  $0.60  $0.75  $1.24  
Diluted0.70  0.59  0.74  1.21  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
4

FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income  
(Unaudited)
(Amounts are in thousands)

 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020201920202019
Net income$22,873  $18,688  $23,618  $38,276  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gain in available-for-sale
     securities, net of taxes of $429, $2,382, $4,704, and $5,134
1,209  6,725  13,303  14,503  
Reclassification adjustment for (gain) loss on sale of securities
     included in net income, net of taxes of $0, $(2), $0, and $0
—  (3) —  1  
Net change in unrealized loss in hedging activities, net of
     taxes of $(40), $(201), $(443), and $(317)
(112) (564) (1,257) (895) 
Reclassification adjustment for gain on hedging activities,
     net of taxes of $(52), $(42), $(104), and $(75)
(148) (119) (295) (213) 
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax949  6,039  11,751  13,396  
Comprehensive income$23,822  $24,727  $35,369  $51,672  
 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
5

FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity
(Unaudited)
(Amounts are in thousands except per share amounts)

 Common
stock		Additional
paid-in
capital		Retained
earnings		Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income, net		Total
shareholders'
equity
Balance at March 31, 2020$32,067  $460,938  $266,385  $22,940  $782,330  
Net income—  —  22,873  —  22,873  
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes—  —  —  949  949  
Stock based compensation expense6  2,344  —  —  2,350  
Restricted stock units vested and distributed,
net of shares withheld		28  (352) —  —  (324) 
Dividends declared ($0.09 per share)
—  —  (2,962) —  (2,962) 
Balance at June 30, 2020$32,101  $462,930  $286,296  $23,889  $805,216  
Balance at December 31, 2019$31,034  $425,633  $293,524  $12,138  $762,329  
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
(See Note 1)		—  —  (25,018) —  (25,018) 
Balance at January 1, 202031,034  425,633  268,506  12,138  737,311  
Net income—  —  23,618  —  23,618  
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes—  —  —  11,751  11,751  
Common stock issued in connection with acquisition
of FNB Financial Corp., net of registration costs
(See Note 2)		955  33,892  —  —  34,847  
Stock based compensation expense11  4,222  —  —  4,233  
Restricted stock units vested and distributed,
net of shares withheld		89  (1,251) —  —  (1,162) 
Shares issued under employee stock
purchase program		12  434  —  —  446  
Dividends declared ($0.18 per share)
—  —  (5,828) —  (5,828) 
Balance at June 30, 2020$32,101  $462,930  $286,296  $23,889  $805,216  
 Common
stock		Additional
paid-in
capital		Retained
earnings		Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income, net		Total
shareholders'
equity
Balance at March 31, 2019$30,853  $423,647  $236,947  $3,130  $694,577  
Net income—  —  18,688  —  18,688  
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes—  —  —  6,039  6,039  
Stock based compensation expense3  2,144  —  —  2,147  
Restricted stock units vested and distributed,
net of shares withheld		10  (147) —  —  (137) 
Dividends declared ($0.08 per share)
—  —  (2,555) —  (2,555) 
Balance at June 30, 2019$30,866  $425,644  $253,080  $9,169  $718,759  
Balance at December 31, 2018$30,725  $424,146  $221,213  $(4,227) $671,857  
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle —  —  (1,309) —  (1,309) 
Balance at January 1, 201930,725  424,146  219,904  (4,227) 670,548  
Net income—  —  38,276  —  38,276  
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes—  —  —  13,396  13,396  
Stock based compensation expense6  3,779  —  —  3,785  
Restricted stock units vested and distributed,
net of shares withheld		124  (2,634) —  —  (2,510) 
Shares issued under employee stock
purchase program		11  353  —  —  364  
Dividends declared ($0.16 per share)
—  —  (5,100) —  (5,100) 
Balance at June 30, 2019$30,866  $425,644  $253,080  $9,169  $718,759  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
6
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Consolidated statements of cash flows
(Unaudited)
(Amounts are in thousands)
Six Months Ended June 30,
20202019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$23,618  $38,276  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation expense3,231  2,450  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangibles2,408  1,983  
Capitalization of mortgage servicing rights(20,063) (19,932) 
Net change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights35,076  13,221  
Stock-based compensation expense4,233  3,785  
Provision for credit losses52,003  2,272  
Provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments3,483  —  
Provision for mortgage loan repurchases1,227  148  
Accretion of yield on purchased loans(2,554) (3,928) 
Accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on securities, net2,077  1,296  
Gain from securities, net(35) (95) 
Originations of loans held for sale(2,807,047) (2,240,059) 
Repurchases of loans held for sale—  (9,670) 
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale2,739,933  2,269,654  
Gain on sale and change in fair value of loans held for sale(113,888) (42,425) 
Net gain on other real estate owned(137) (238) 
Loss (gain) on other assets382  (8) 
Relief of goodwill—  100  
Provision for deferred income taxes(16,380) (4,451) 
Changes in:
Operating leases370  —  
Other assets and interest receivable(104,474) (39,331) 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities48,799  13,803  
Net cash used in operating activities(147,738) (13,149) 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Sales—  1,758  
Maturities, prepayments and calls72,360  50,167  
Purchases(59,984) (54,218) 
Net change in loans(196,303) (239,425) 
Purchases of FHLB stock(1,176) (2,544) 
Proceeds from sale of mortgage servicing rights—  29,160  
Purchases of premises and equipment(4,827) (1,011) 
Proceeds from the sale of premises and equipment—  290  
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned4,150  1,864  
Net cash paid in business combinations (See Note 2)(4,227) 171,032  
Net cash used in investing activities(190,007) (42,927) 
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in demand deposits891,237  71,898  
Net (decrease) increase in time deposits(82,909) 10,334  
Net increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased5,795  16,716  
Net increase in FHLB advances—  3,235  
Proceeds from other borrowings15,000  —  
Share-based compensation withholding payments(1,162) (2,510) 
Net proceeds from sale of common stock446  364  
Dividends paid(5,751) (4,981) 
Net cash provided by financing activities822,656  95,056  
Net change in cash and cash equivalents484,911  38,980  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period232,681  125,356  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period$717,592  $164,336  
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid$23,081  $23,869  
Taxes paid1,590  12,823  
Supplemental noncash disclosures:
Transfers from loans to other real estate owned$1,006  $2,030  
Transfers from other real estate owned to premises and equipment841  —  
Transfers from premises and equipment to other real estate owned—  2,640  
Loans provided for sales of other real estate owned —  166  
Transfers from loans to loans held for sale6,317  116  
Transfers from loans held for sale to loans14,358  6,732  
Stock consideration paid in business combination35,041  —  
Trade date payable - securities5,431  1,089  
Trade date receivable - securities—  86  
Dividends declared not paid on restricted stock units77  119  
Decrease to retained earnings for adoption of new accounting standards (See Note 1)25,018  1,309  
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities806  38,249  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
7
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Note (1)—Basis of presentation:
Overview and presentation
FB Financial Corporation (the “Company”) is a bank holding company headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. The Company operates through its wholly-owned subsidiary, FirstBank (the "Bank"), with 72 full-service branches throughout Tennessee, north Alabama, Kentucky and north Georgia, and a national mortgage business with office locations across the Southeast, which primarily originates loans to be sold in the secondary market.
The unaudited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) interim reporting requirements and general banking industry guidelines, and therefore, do not include all information and notes included in the annual consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. These interim consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.
In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and the reported results of operations for the periods then ended. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation without any impact on the reported amounts of net income or shareholders’ equity.
The Company continues to qualify as an emerging growth company as defined by the "Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act" ("JOBS Act").
Coronavirus Disease 2019 ("COVID-19")
The COVID-19 health pandemic that appeared in the United States in the first quarter of 2020 has created a health and economic crisis that has resulted in volatility in financial markets, disruption in consumer and commercial behavior and unprecedented job losses and action taken by governments in the United States and globally. All industries, municipalities and consumers have been impacted to some degree, including the markets that the Company serves. In an attempt to “flatten the curve”, commerce has been required to adapt, from virtually coming to a halt to exploring alternative ways to continue offering services. Businesses not deemed essential have closed and individuals have been asked to restrict their movements, observe social distancing and other restrictions, including shelter in place. These actions have resulted in rapid decreases in traditional commercial and consumer activities, temporary and intermittent closures of many businesses that have led to a loss of revenues and a rapid increase and volatility in unemployment rates, widening of credit spreads, dislocation of bond markets, disruption of global supply chains and changes in consumer spending behavior. During the end of second quarter of 2020, many municipalities within the Company's footprint began loosening restrictions and many customers began returning to work, pointing to an improvement in economic conditions, however subsequent to these changes, the number of COVID-19 cases began to rise in certain locations, leading to an increase in restrictions and slow down in commerce once again, which continues to persist. The duration and potential financial impact is currently unknown, however if these conditions are sustained without some mitigating factors such as additional or extended government assistance programs, it may impact borrowers' ability to repay loans, which could cause material adverse effect on the Company's business operations and lead to valuation impairments on the Company's intangible assets, loans, investments, mortgage servicing rights, and derivative instruments.
COVID-19 relief programs
On March 13, 2020, the COVID-19 Emergency Declaration was issued leading to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, which was enacted on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act includes the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a nearly $670 billion program, as amended, designed to aid small- and medium-sized businesses through federally guaranteed loans distributed through banks. These loans are intended to guarantee up to 24 weeks of payroll and other costs, including rent and other operating costs, to help those businesses remain viable and allow their workers to continue paying bills. As of June 30, 2020, the Company funded $314,678 of PPP loans through the US Small Business Administration ("SBA"). Additionally, the Company introduced a payment deferral program for
8
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
commercial and consumer customers to assist during these unprecedented times. At June 30, 2020, the Company's recorded investment in loans in deferral status totaled $918.3 million. These payment deferrals are for initial terms of up to ninety-days with some having an option to extend further.
Subsequent events
The Company has evaluated, for consideration of recognition or disclosure, subsequent events that occurred through the date of issuance of these financial statements. The Company has determined that there were no subsequent events that occurred after June 30, 2020, but prior to the issuance of these financial statements that would have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per common share ("EPS") excludes dilution and is computed by dividing earnings attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable under the restricted stock units granted but not yet vested and distributable. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing earnings attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, plus an incremental number of common-equivalent shares computed using the treasury stock method.
Unvested share-based payment awards, which include the right to receive non-forfeitable dividends or dividend equivalents, are considered to participate with common shareholders in undistributed earnings for purposes of computing EPS. Companies that have such participating securities are required to calculate basic and diluted EPS using the two-class method. Certain restricted stock awards granted by the Company include non-forfeitable dividend equivalents and are considered participating securities. Calculations of EPS under the two-class method (i) exclude from the numerator any dividends paid or owed on participating securities and any undistributed earnings considered to be attributable to participating securities and (ii) exclude from the denominator the dilutive impact of the participating securities.
The following is a summary of the basic and diluted earnings per common share calculation for each of the periods presented:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020201920202019
Basic earnings per common share calculation:
Net income$22,873  $18,688  $23,618  $38,276  
Dividends paid on and undistributed earnings allocated to
participating securities		—  (100) —  (205) 
Earnings attributable to common shareholders$22,873  $18,588  $23,618  $38,071  
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding32,094,274  30,859,596  31,676,004  30,823,341  
Basic earnings per common share$0.71  $0.60  $0.75  $1.24  
Diluted earnings per common share:
Earnings attributable to common shareholders$22,873  $18,588  $23,618  $38,071  
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding32,094,274  30,859,596  31,676,004  30,823,341  
Weighted-average diluted shares contingently issuable(1)
412,143  518,422  433,190  525,625  
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding32,506,417  31,378,018  32,109,194  31,348,966  
Diluted earnings per common share $0.70  $0.59  $0.74  $1.21  
1Excludes 352,888 restricted stock units outstanding considered to be antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Recently adopted accounting policies:
The Company modified or adopted the following accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily as a result of the implementation of FASB Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” ("CECL"):

Investment securities:
Debt securities are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized cost, excluding accrued interest, when management has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Debt securities are classified as available-for-sale when they might be sold before maturity. Available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Beginning January 1, 2020, unrealized
9
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
losses resulting from credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities are recognized in earnings as a provision for credit losses. Unrealized losses that do not result from credit losses are excluded from earnings and reported as accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes, which is included in equity. Accrued interest receivable is separated from other components of amortized cost and presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets.
Equity securities with readily determinable market values are carried at fair value on the balance sheet with any periodic changes in value made through adjustments to the statement of income. Equity securities without readily determinable market values are carried at cost less impairment and included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Interest income includes the amortization and accretion of purchase premium and discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method anticipating prepayments based upon the prior three month average monthly prepayments when available. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.
The Company evaluates available-for-sale securities for expected credit losses at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, consideration is given to the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, the Company considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition.
When credit losses are expected to occur, the amount of the expected credit loss recognized in earnings depends on the Company's intention to sell the security or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If the Company intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the expected credit loss recognized in earnings is equal to the entire difference between its amortized cost basis and its fair value at the date it was determined to be impaired due to credit losses or other factors. The previous amortized cost basis less the impairment recognized in earnings becomes the new amortized cost basis of the investment.
However, if the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not to be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the difference between the amortized cost and the fair value is separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. If the Company determines a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis of an available-for-sale investment security has resulted from credit related factors, beginning January 1, 2020 with the adoption of CECL, the Company records a credit loss through an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than amortized cost. The amount of the allowance for credit losses is determined based on the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and is recognized as a charge to earnings. The amount of the impairment related to other, non-credit related, factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.
The Company did not record any provision for credit losses for its available-for-sale debt securities during the three months or six months ended June 30, 2020, as the majority of the investment portfolio is government guaranteed and declines in fair value below amortized cost were determined to be non-credit related.
Loans:
Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are stated at the principal amount outstanding less any purchase accounting discount net of any accretion recognized to date. Interest on loans is recognized as income by using the simple interest method on daily balances of the principal amount outstanding plus any accretion of purchase accounting discounts. Accrued interest receivable is separated from other components of amortized cost and presented separately on the consolidated balance sheets.
Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. Accrual of interest is discontinued on loans past due 90 days or more unless the credit is well secured and in the process of collection. Also, a loan may be placed on nonaccrual status prior to becoming past due 90 days if management believes, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of principal or interest is doubtful. The decision to place a loan on nonaccrual status prior to becoming past due 90 days is based on an evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition, collateral liquidation value, economic and business conditions and other factors that affect the borrower’s ability to pay. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, the accrued but unpaid interest is charged against current period operations through a reversal of interest income. Thereafter,
10
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
interest on nonaccrual loans is recognized only as received if future collection of principal is probable. If the collectibility of outstanding principal is doubtful, interest received is applied as a reduction of principal. A loan may be restored to accrual status when principal and interest are no longer past due or it otherwise becomes both well secured and collectability is reasonably assured. The nonaccrual policy results in timely reversal of accrued interest receivable, so an allowance for credit losses is not required on accrued interest receivable.
Allowance for credit losses:
The allowance for credit losses represents the portion of the loan's amortized cost basis that the Company does not expect to collect due to credit losses over the loan's life, considering past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions considering macroeconomic forecasts. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance for credit losses is based on the loan's amortized cost basis, excluding accrued interest receivable, as the Company promptly charges off uncollectible accrued interest receivable. Management’s determination of the appropriateness of the allowance is based on periodic evaluation of the loan portfolio, lending-related commitments and other relevant factors, including macroeconomic forecasts and historical loss rates. In future quarters, the Company may update information and forecasts that may cause significant changes in the estimate in those future quarters.
As of January 1, 2020, the Company’s policy for the allowance for credit losses changed with the adoption of CECL. As permitted, the new guidance was implemented using a modified retrospective approach with the impact of the initial adoption being recorded through retained earnings at January 1, 2020, with no restatement of prior periods. Prior to adopting CECL, the Company calculated the allowance using an incurred loss approach. Beginning January 1, 2020, the Company calculates the allowance using a lifetime expected credit loss approach as described in the previous paragraph. See Note 4 for additional details related to the Company's specific calculation methodology.
The allowance for credit losses is the Company’s best estimate. Actual losses may differ from the June 30, 2020 allowance for credit loss as the CECL estimate is sensitive to economic forecasts and management judgment. There have been no changes to portfolio segments as described in the accounting policies within the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Business combinations and accounting for loans purchased with credit deterioration:
Business combinations are accounted for by applying the acquisition method in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, “Business Combinations” (“ASC 805”). Under the acquisition method, identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date are measured at their fair values as of that date. Any excess of the purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. To the extent the fair value of net assets acquired, including any other identifiable intangible assets, exceed the purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recognized. Results of operations of acquired entities are included in the consolidated statements of income from the date of acquisition.
Beginning January 1, 2020, loans acquired in business combinations with evidence of more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since origination are considered to be Purchased Credit Deteriorated ("PCD"). The Company developed multiple criteria to assess the presence of more–than–insignificant credit deterioration in acquired loans, mainly focused on changes in credit quality and payment status. While general criteria have been established, each acquisition will vary in its specific facts and circumstances and the Company will apply judgment around PCD identification for each individual acquisition based on their unique portfolio mix and risks identified.
The Company adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for loans previously classified as purchased credit impaired ("PCI") and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, management did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption and all PCI loans were transitioned to PCD loans upon adoption. Under PCD accounting,the amount of expected credit losses as of the acquisition date is added to the purchase price of the PCD loan. This establishes the amortized cost basis of the PCD loan. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the PCD loan and the amortized cost basis of the PCD loan as of the acquisition date is the non-credit discount. Interest income for a PCD loan is recognized by accreting the amortized cost basis of the PCD loan to its contractual cash flows. The discount related to estimated credit losses on acquisition recorded as an allowance for credit losses will not be accreted into interest income. Only the noncredit-related discount will be accreted into interest income and subsequent adjustments to expected credit losses will flow through the provision for credit losses on the income statement.
11
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Off-balance sheet financial instruments:
Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded, unless considered derivatives.
For loan commitments that are not accounted for as derivatives and when the obligation is not unconditionally cancelable by the Company, the Company applies the CECL methodology to estimate the expected credit loss on off-balance-sheet commitments. The estimate of expected credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit commitments is recognized as a liability. When the loan is funded, an allowance for expected credit losses is estimated for that loan using the CECL methodology, and the liability for off-balance-sheet commitments is reduced. When applying the CECL methodology to estimate the expected credit loss, the Company considers the likelihood that funding will occur, the contractual period of exposure to credit loss, the risk of loss, historical loss experience, and current conditions along with expectations of future economic conditions.
Recently adopted accounting standards:
Except as set forth below, the Company did not adopt any new accounting standards that were not disclosed in the Company's 2019 audited consolidated financial statements included on Form 10-K.
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 and its subsequent amendments issued by the FASB, which requires the measurement of all current expected credit losses for financial assets (including off-balance sheet credit exposures) held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Additionally, the update requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. The new methodology requires institutions to calculate all probable and estimable losses that are expected to be incurred through the financial asset's entire life through a provision for credit losses, including certain loans obtained as a result of any acquisition. For available-for-sale debt securities that have experienced a deterioration in credit, Topic 326 requires an allowance for credit losses to be recognized, instead of a direct write-down, which was previously required under the other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") model. Topic 326 eliminates the concept of “other-than-temporary” impairment and instead focuses on determining whether any impairment is a result of a credit loss or other factors. As a result, the standard says the Company may not use the length of time a debt security has been in an unrealized loss position as a factor, either by itself or in combination with other factors, to conclude that a credit loss does not exist, as the Company was previously allowed under the OTTI model.
ASU 2016-13 eliminates the existing guidance for PCI loans, but requires an allowance for purchased financial assets with more than insignificant deterioration since origination to be determined in a manner similar to that of other financial assets measured at amortized cost; however, the initial allowance will be added to the purchase price rather than recorded as provision expense referred herein as the PCD asset gross-up approach. The Company applied the new PCD asset gross-up approach at transition to all assets that were accounted for as PCI prior to adoption. Any change in the allowance for credit losses for these assets as a result of applying the new guidance is accounted for as an adjustment to the asset’s amortized cost basis and not as a cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings. Additionally, ASU 2016-13 requires additional disclosures related to loans and debt securities. See Note 3, “Investment securities” and Note 4, “Loans and allowance for credit losses” for these disclosures.
The Company formed a cross–functional working group to oversee the adoption of CECL at the effective date. The working group developed a project plan focused on understanding the new standard, researching issues, identifying data needs for modeling inputs, technology requirements, modeling considerations, and ensuring overarching governance was achieved for each objective and milestone. The key data driver for each model was identified, populated, and internally validated. The Company also completed data and model validation testing. The Company has performed model sensitivity analysis, developed a framework for qualitative adjustments, created supporting analytics, and executed the enhanced governance and approval process. Internal controls related to the CECL process were finalized prior to adoption.
ASU 2016-13 was adopted effective January 1, 2020 using a modified retrospective approach with no adjustments to prior period comparative financial statements. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a cumulative effective adjustment to decrease retained earnings by $25,018, with corresponding adjustments to the allowance for credit losses on loans and unfunded commitments in addition to recording a deferred tax asset on its consolidated balance sheet. As of that date, the
12
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Company also recorded a cumulative effective adjustment to gross-up the amortized cost amount of its PCD loans by $558, with a corresponding adjustment to the allowance for credit losses on its consolidated balance sheet.
A summary of the impact to the consolidated balance sheet as of the adoption date is presented in the table below:
Balance before adoption of ASC 326Cumulative effective adjustment to adopt ASC 326Impact of the adjustment to adopt ASC 326Balance at January 1, 2020 (post ASC 326 adoption)
ASSETS
   Loans$4,409,642  $558  Increase$4,410,200  
   Allowance for credit losses(31,139) (31,446) Increase(62,585) 
      Total impact to assets$(30,888) Net decrease
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
   Allowance for credit losses on
unfunded commitments		$—  $2,947  Increase$2,947  
   Net deferred tax liability20,490  (8,817) Decrease11,673  
   Retained earnings293,524  (25,018) Decrease268,506  
      Total impact to liabilities and equity$(30,888) Net decrease

In December 2018, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC approved a final rule to address changes to credit loss accounting under GAAP, including banking organizations’ implementation of CECL. The final rule provides banking organizations the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects on regulatory capital that may result from the adoption of the new accounting standard. In March 2020, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC announced an interim final rule to delay the estimated impact on regulatory capital stemming from the implementation of CECL. The interim final rule maintains the three-year transition option in the previous rule and provides banks the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period (five-year transition option). The Company elected the five-year capital transition relief option.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” ASU 2017-04 eliminates step two from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity may perform only step one of its quantitative goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, and then recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Entities have the option to perform a qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative step one impairment test is necessary. ASU 2017-04 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have any impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued "Accounting Standards Update 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements." This update is part of the disclosure framework project and eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements, requires entities to disclose new information, and modifies existing disclosure requirements. The update became effective on January 1, 2020 and did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In March 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements", which aligns the guidance for fair value of the underlying assets by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers in Topic 842 with that of existing guidance. As a result, the fair value of the underlying asset at lease commencement is its cost, reflecting any volume or trade discounts that may apply. However, if there has been a significant lapse of time between when the underlying asset is acquired and when the lease commences, the definition of fair value in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement should be applied. ASU No. 2019-01 also requires lessors within the scope of Topic 942, "Financial Services—Depository and Lending", to present all “principal payments received under leases” within investing activities. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2020 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments". The amendments related to Topic 326
13
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
address accrued interest, transfers between classifications or categories for loans and debt securities, recoveries, vintage disclosures, and contractual extensions and renewal options and became effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The improvements and clarifications related to Topic 815 address partial-term fair value hedges of interest-rate risk, amortization, and disclosure of fair value hedge basis adjustments and consideration of hedged contractually specified interest rates under the hypothetical method and became effective for the annual reporting period beginning January 1, 2020. The amendments related to Topic 825 contain various improvements to ASU 2016-01, including scope; held-to-maturity debt securities fair value disclosures; and remeasurement of equity securities at historical exchange rates and became effective as of January 1, 2020. The amendments in this update did not have a material impact on the financial statements.
Newly issued not yet effective accounting standards:
In June 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-07, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting", which expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. Consistent with the accounting for employee share-based payment awards, nonemployee share-based payment awards will be measured at grant-date fair value of the equity instruments obligated to be issued when the good has been delivered or the service rendered and any other conditions necessary to earn the right to benefit from the instruments have been satisfied. This ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginnings after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect adoption of this standard to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements or disclosures.
Note (2)—Mergers and acquisitions:
Franklin Financial Network, Inc.
On January 21, 2020, the Company entered into a definitive merger agreement with Franklin Financial Network, Inc ("Franklin"), pursuant to which Franklin will be merged with and into the Company. Franklin has 15 branches and approximately $3.78 billion in total assets, $2.79 billion in loans, and $3.14 billion in deposits as of June 30, 2020. According to the terms of the merger agreement, Franklin shareholders will receive 0.9650 shares of FB Financial Corporation's common stock and $2.00 in cash for each share of Franklin stock. Based on the Company's closing price on the New York Stock Exchange of $24.77 per share as of June 30, 2020, the implied transaction value is approximately $394,000. The merger, as approved by the Company's and Franklin's shareholders, has received regulatory approvals and the Company intends to close effective August 15, 2020.
FNB Financial Corp. merger
Effective February 14, 2020, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition of FNB Financial Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Farmers National Bank of Scottsville (collectively, "Farmers National"). Following the acquisition, Farmers National was merged into the Company with FB Financial Corporation continuing as the surviving entity. The transaction added five branches and expanded the Company's footprint into Kentucky. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company acquired total assets of $258,218, loans of $182,171 and assumed total deposits of $209,535. Farmers National shareholders received 954,797 shares of the company's common stock as consideration in connection with the merger, in addition to $15,001 in cash consideration. Based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the New York Stock Exchange of $36.70 on February 14, 2020, the merger consideration represented approximately $50,042 in aggregate consideration.
The acquisition of Farmers National was accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805 "Business Combinations." Accordingly, the assets and liabilities, both tangible and intangible, were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The Company is finalizing the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities assumed and as such, purchase accounting is not yet complete. Goodwill of $6,390 recorded in connection with the transaction resulted from the ongoing business contribution of Farmers National and anticipated synergies arising from the combination of certain operational areas of the Company. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes. Goodwill is included in the Banking segment as substantially all of the operations resulting from the acquisition of Farmers National are in alignment with the Company's core banking business.
The Company incurred $1,503 and $2,097 in merger expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 in connection with this transaction. These expenses are primarily comprised of professional services, employee-related costs and integration costs.
14
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following tables summarize the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date and an allocation of the consideration to net assets acquired:
As of February 14, 2020
As Recorded by FB Financial Corporation
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $10,774  
Securities50,594  
Loans, net of fair value adjustments182,171  
Allowance for credit losses on PCD loans(669) 
Premises and equipment8,049  
Core deposit intangible2,490  
Other assets4,809  
Total assets$258,218  
LIABILITIES
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing $63,531  
Interest-bearing checking26,451  
Money market and savings37,002  
Customer time deposits82,551  
Total deposits209,535  
Borrowings3,192  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities1,839  
Total liabilities214,566  
Total net assets acquired$43,652  
Consideration:
Net shares issued954,797  
Purchase price per share on February 14, 2020$36.70  
Value of stock consideration$35,041  
Cash consideration paid 15,001  
Total purchase price $50,042  
FV of net assets acquired43,652  
Goodwill resulting from merger$6,390  
Under CECL, the Company is required to determine whether purchased loans held for investment have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. Loans that have experienced this level of deterioration in credit quality are subject to special accounting at initial recognition and measurement. The Company initially measures the amortized cost of a PCD loan by adding the acquisition date estimate of expected credit losses to the loan's purchase price (i.e. the "gross up" approach). There is no provision for credit loss recognized upon acquisition of a PCD loan because the initial allowance is established through the gross-up.
15
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The Company determined that 10.1% of the FNB loan portfolio had more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. These were primarily delinquent loans as of February 14, 2020, or loans that FNB has classified as nonaccrual or TDR prior to the Company's acquisition.
As of February 14,
2020
Purchased credit-deteriorated loans
Principal balance$18,964  
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition(669) 
Net premium attributable to other factors63  
Loans purchased credit-deteriorated fair value$18,358  
Loans recognized through the acquisition of FNB that have not experienced more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since origination are initially recognized at the purchase price. Expected credit losses are measured under CECL through the provision for credit losses. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $2,885 in the income statement at acquisition related to estimated credit losses on non-PCD loans.
Farmers National's results of operations have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements prospectively beginning on the date of acquisition. The acquisition has been fully integrated with the Company's existing operations. Accordingly, post-acquisition net interest income, total revenues, and net income are not discernible.The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information presents the results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2019, and the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, as though the merger had been completed as of January 1, 2019. The unaudited estimated pro forma information combines the historical results of Farmers National with the Company’s historical consolidated results and includes certain adjustments reflecting the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments for the periods presented. Merger expenses are reflected in the periods they were incurred. The pro forma information is not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition taken place on January 1, 2019 and does not include the effect of all cost-saving or revenue-enhancing strategies.
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2019  2020  2019  
Net interest income$59,543  $112,804  $115,128  
Total revenues 92,919  237,258  177,938  
Net income19,097  24,045  38,696  
Atlantic Capital Bank, N.A. Branches
On April 5, 2019, the Bank completed its branch acquisition to purchase 11 Tennessee and three Georgia branch locations (the "Branches") from Atlantic Capital Bank, N.A., a national banking association and a wholly owned subsidiary of Atlantic Capital Bancshares, Inc., a Georgia corporation (collectively, "Atlantic Capital") in a transaction valued at $36,790, further increasing market share in existing markets and expanding the Company's footprint into new locations. The branch acquisition added $588,877 in customer deposits at a premium of 6.25% and $374,966 in loans at 99.32% of principal outstanding. All of the operations of the Branches are included in the Banking segment.




16
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Atlantic Capital's results of operations have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements prospectively beginning on the date of acquisition. The acquisition has been fully integrated with the Company's existing operations. Accordingly, post-acquisition net interest income, total revenues, and net income are not discernible. The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information presents the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 as though the merger had been completed as of January 1, 2018. The unaudited estimated pro forma information combines the historical results of Atlantic Capital with the Company’s historical consolidated results and includes certain adjustments reflecting the estimated impact of certain fair value adjustments for the periods presented. Merger expenses are reflected in the periods they were incurred. The pro forma information is not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition taken place on January 1, 2018 and does not include the effect of all cost-saving or revenue-enhancing strategies.
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2019  2019  
Net interest income$57,023  $113,610  
Total revenues$90,002  $176,413  
Net income$18,688  $37,191  

Note (3)—Investment securities:
The following table summarizes the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses and fair value of the available-for-sale debt securities and the corresponding amounts of unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: 
June 30, 2020
 Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesAllowance for credit losses for investmentsFair Value
Investment Securities    
Available-for-sale debt securities  
U.S. government agency securities$3,003  $21  $—  $—  $3,024  
Mortgage-backed securities - residential439,843  14,770  (7) —  454,606  
Municipals, tax exempt251,424  14,875  (247) —  266,052  
Treasury securities22,485  286  —  —  22,771  
Corporate securities1,000  —  (15) —  985  
Total$717,755  $29,952  $(269) $—  $747,438  

December 31, 2019
 Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesFair Value
Investment Securities    
Available-for-sale debt securities    
Mortgage-backed securities - residential$487,101  $5,236  $(1,661) $490,676  
Municipals, tax exempt181,178  8,287  (230) 189,235  
Treasury securities7,426  22  —  7,448  
Corporate securities1,000  22  —  1,022  
Total$676,705  $13,567  $(1,891) $688,381  
The components of amortized cost for debt securities on the consolidated balance sheets excludes accrued interest receivable since the Company elected to present accrued interest receivable separately on the consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, total accrued interest receivable on debt securities was $3,184 and $2,843, respectively.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $4,329 and $3,295 in marketable equity securities recorded at fair value, respectively.
17
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Securities pledged at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 had carrying amounts of $475,645 and $373,674, respectively, and were pledged to secure a Federal Reserve Bank line of credit, public deposits and repurchase agreements.
There were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders' equity during any period presented.
At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $5,431 and $0, respectively, in trade date payables that related to purchases settled after period end.
 
The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are shown below. Maturities may differ from contractual maturities in mortgage-backed securities because the mortgage underlying the security may be called or repaid without any penalties. Therefore, mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary.
June 30,December 31,
 2020  2019  
 Available-for-saleAvailable-for-sale
 Amortized costFair valueAmortized costFair value
Due in one year or less$17,374  $17,473  $1,148  $1,152  
Due in one to five years33,022  33,515  11,553  11,676  
Due in five to ten years30,203  31,373  18,287  18,887  
Due in over ten years197,313  210,471  158,616  165,990  
277,912  292,832  189,604  197,705  
Mortgage-backed securities - residential439,843  454,606  487,101  490,676  
Total debt securities$717,755  $747,438  $676,705  $688,381  
Sales and other dispositions of available-for-sale securities were as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020  2019  2020  2019  
Proceeds from sales$—  $—  $—  $1,758  
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments and calls44,703  29,353  72,360  50,167  
Gross realized gains—  5  —  6  
Gross realized losses—  —  —  7  
Additionally, net (losses) gains on the change in fair value of equity securities of $(28) and $35 were recognized in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively and $47 and $96 were recognized in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
18
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following tables show gross unrealized losses for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
 
June 30, 2020
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 Fair ValueUnrealized LossFair ValueUnrealized LossFair ValueUnrealized loss
Mortgage-backed securities - residential$14,746  $(7) $—  $—  $14,746  $(7) 
Municipals, tax exempt2,784  (247) —  —  2,784  (247) 
Corporate securities985  (15) —  —  985  (15) 
Total$18,515  $(269) $—  $—  $18,515  $(269) 
 December 31, 2019
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 Fair ValueUnrealized LossFair ValueUnrealized LossFair ValueUnrealized loss
Mortgage-backed securities - residential$47,641  $(164) $175,730  $(1,497) $223,371  $(1,661) 
Municipals, tax exempt15,433  (230) —  —  15,433  (230) 
Total$63,074  $(394) $175,730  $(1,497) $238,804  $(1,891) 
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company’s securities portfolio consisted of 445 and 365 securities, 8 and 58 of which were in an unrealized loss position, respectively.
As of June 30, 2020, Company evaluated available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses for expected credit loss and recorded no allowance for credit loss as the majority of the investment portfolio was either government guaranteed or an issuance of a government sponsored entity, was highly rated by major credit rating agencies and have a long history of zero losses. As such, no provision for credit losses was recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, the Company evaluated available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses for OTTI and recorded no OTTI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.
Note (4)—Loans and allowance for credit losses:
Loans outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, by class of financing receivable are as follows:
 June 30,December 31,
 20202019
Commercial and industrial(1)
$1,289,646  $1,034,036  
Construction553,619  551,101  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage741,936  710,454  
Residential line of credit236,974  221,530  
Multi-family mortgage115,149  69,429  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied683,245  630,270  
Non-owner occupied923,192  920,744  
Consumer and other283,262  272,078  
Gross loans4,827,023  4,409,642  
Less: Allowance for credit losses(113,129) (31,139) 
Net loans$4,713,894  $4,378,503  
(1)Includes $314,678 of loans originated as part of the PPP at June 30, 2020, established by the CARES Act, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The PPP is administered by the SBA; loans originated as part of the PPP may be forgiven by the SBA under a set of defined rules. An allowance for credit losses of $51 at June 30, 2020, has been allocated for these loans. PPP loans are federally guaranteed as part of the CARES Act, provided PPP loan recipients receive loan forgiveness under the SBA regulations. As such, there is minimal credit risk associated with these loans.
19
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $501,728 and $412,966, respectively, of qualifying residential mortgage loans (including loans held for sale) and $567,515 and $545,540, respectively, of qualifying commercial mortgage loans were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati securing advances against the Bank’s line of credit. Additionally, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $1,492,666 and $1,407,662, respectively, of qualifying loans were pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank under the Borrower-in-Custody program.
The components of amortized cost for loans on the consolidated balance sheet excludes accrued interest receivable as the Company elected to present accrued interest receivable separately on the balance sheet. As of June 30, 2020, total accrued interest receivable on loans was $23,009.
Allowance for Credit Losses
As of January 1, 2020, the Company’s policy for the allowance changed with the adoption of CECL. As permitted, the new guidance was implemented using a modified retrospective approach with the impact of the initial adoption being recorded through retained earnings at January 1, 2020, with no restatement of prior periods. Before January 1, 2020, the Company calculated the allowance on an incurred loss approach. As of January 1, 2020, the Company calculated an expected credit loss using a lifetime loss rate methodology. As a result of the difference in methodology between periods, disclosures presented below may not be comparative in nature.
The Company utilizes probability-weighted forecasts, which consider multiple macroeconomic variables from a third-party vendor that are applicable to the type of loan. The weighting of the economic forecast scenarios, macroeconomic variables, and the reasonable and supportable forecast period at the macroeconomic variable-level were reviewed and approved by the Company's forecast governance committee based on expectations of future economic conditions. Each of the Company's loss rate models incorporate forward-looking macroeconomic projections throughout the reasonable and supportable forecast period and the subsequent historical reversion at the macroeconomic variable input level. In order to estimate the life of a loan, the contractual term of the loan is adjusted for estimated prepayments based on market information and the Company’s prepayment history.
The Company's loss rate models estimate the lifetime loss rate for pools of loans by combining the calculated loss rate based on each variable within the model (including the macroeconomic variables). The lifetime loss rate for the pool is then multiplied by the loan balances to determine the expected credit losses on the pool.
The Company considers the need to qualitatively adjust its modeled quantitative expected credit loss estimate for information not already captured in the model loss estimation process. These qualitative factor adjustments may increase or decrease the Company’s estimate of expected credit losses. The Company reviews the qualitative adjustments so as to validate that information that has already been considered and included in the modeled quantitative loss estimation process is not also included in the qualitative adjustment. The Company considers the qualitative factors that are relevant to the institution as of the reporting date, which may include, but are not limited to: levels of and trends in delinquencies and performance of loans; levels of and trends in write-offs and recoveries collected; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in reasonable and supportable economic forecasts; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and expertise; available relevant information sources that contradict the Company’s own forecast; effects of changes in prepayment expectations or other factors affecting assessments of loan contractual terms; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations.
The quantitative models require loan data and macroeconomic variables based on the inherent credit risks in each portfolio to more accurately measure the credit risks associated with each. Each of the quantitative models pools loans with similar risk characteristics and collectively assesses the lifetime loss rate for each pool to estimate its expected credit loss.
When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with other loans in any given pool, the loan is individually assessed. The Company has determined the following circumstances in which a loan may require an individual evaluation: collateral dependent loans; loans for which foreclosure is probable; TDRs and reasonably expected TDRs. A loan is deemed collateral dependent when 1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and 2) the repayment is expected to be primarily through sale or operation of the collateral. The allowance for credit losses for collateral dependent loans as well as loans where foreclosure is probable is calculated as the amount for which the loan’s amortized cost basis exceeds fair value. Fair value is determined based on appraisals performed by qualified appraisers and reviewed by qualified personnel. In cases where repayment is to be provided substantially through the sale of collateral, the Company reduces the fair value by the estimated costs to sell. Loans experiencing financial difficulty for which a concession has not yet been provided may be identified as reasonably expected TDRs.
20
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Reasonably expected TDRs use the same methodology as TDRs. In cases where the expected credit loss can only be captured through a discounted cash flow analysis (such as an interest rate modification for a TDR loan), the allowance is measured by the amount which the loan’s amortized cost exceeds the discounted cash flow analysis. The allowance for credit losses on a TDR or a reasonably expected TDR is calculated individually using a discounted cash flow methodology, unless the loan is deemed to be collateral dependent or foreclosure is probable.
The Company’s changes in reasonable and supportable forecasts of macroeconomic variables, primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in credit deterioration requiring the Company to recognize significant increases in the provision for credit losses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Specifically, the Company performed additional qualitative evaluations on certain classes of financing receivables, including construction, commercial and industrial and commercial real estate, in line with the Company's established qualitative framework, weighting the impact of the current economic outlook, status of federal government stimulus programs, and geographical and demographic considerations, in order to identify potential geographies and industries seeing credit improvement or deterioration specific to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Additionally, the loans acquired from Farmers National increased the allowance for credit losses by $4,494 as of the February 14, 2020 acquisition date. See Note 2, "Mergers and acquisitions" for additional details related to PCD loans acquired on February 14, 2020.

21
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following provides the changes in the allowance for credit losses by class of financing receivable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

 Commercial and industrialConstruction1-to-4 family residential mortgageResidential line of creditMulti-family residential mortgageCommercial real estate owner occupiedCommercial real estate non-owner occupiedConsumer and otherTotal
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
Beginning balance -
March 31, 2020		$10,881  $22,842  $13,006  $6,213  $2,328  $9,047  $18,005  $6,819  $89,141  
Provision for credit losses(2,663) 12,624  (446) 595  2,171  (1,630) 12,984  404  24,039  
Recoveries of loans
previously charged-off		807  151  26  24  —  3  —  103  1,114  
Loans charged off(147) (18) (123) (21) —  —  (545) (311) (1,165) 
Ending balance -
June 30, 2020		$8,878  $35,599  $12,463  $6,811  $4,499  $7,420  $30,444  $7,015  $113,129  
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Beginning balance -
December 31, 2019		$4,805  $10,194  $3,112  $752  $544  $4,109  $4,621  $3,002  $31,139  
Impact of adopting ASC
326 on non-purchased
credit deteriorated loans		5,300  1,533  7,920  3,461  340  1,879  6,822  3,633  30,888  
Impact of adopting ASC
326 on purchased credit
deteriorated loans		82  150  421  (3) —  162  184  (438) 558  
Provision for credit losses(834) 23,578  1,218  2,580  3,615  1,408  18,919  1,519  52,003  
Recoveries of loans
previously charged-off		895  151  50  39  —  17  —  296  1,448  
Loans charged off(1,381) (18) (365) (21) —  (209) (545) (1,037) (3,576) 
Initial allowance on loans
purchased with
deteriorated credit quality		11  11  107  3  —  54  443  40  669  
Ending balance -
June 30, 2020		$8,878  $35,599  $12,463  $6,811  $4,499  $7,420  $30,444  $7,015  $113,129  
 
 Commercial
and industrial		Construction1-to-4
family
residential
mortgage		Residential
line of credit		Multi-
family
residential
mortgage		Commercial
real estate
owner
occupied		Commercial
real estate
non-owner
occupied		Consumer
and other		Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Beginning balance -
March 31, 2019		$5,514  $9,758  $3,295  $731  $539  $3,098  $4,583  $2,296  $29,814  
Provision for loan losses(550) (109) (30) 106  78  409  (105) 1,082  881  
Recoveries of loans
previously charged-off		38  6  24  21  —  5  —  119  213  
Loans charged off(79) —  (1) (103) —  —  —  (587) (770) 
Ending balance -
June 30, 2019		$4,923  $9,655  $3,288  $755  $617  $3,512  $4,478  $2,910  $30,138  
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 
Beginning balance -
December 31, 2018		$5,348  $9,729  $3,428  $811  $566  $3,132  $4,149  $1,769  $28,932  
Provision for loan losses(217) (81) (95) 33  51  288  329  1,964  2,272  
Recoveries of loans
previously charged-off		50  7  37  46  —  92  —  343  575  
Loans charged off(258) —  (82) (135) —  —  —  (1,166) (1,641) 
Ending balance -
June 30, 2019		$4,923  $9,655  $3,288  $755  $617  $3,512  $4,478  $2,910  $30,138  


22
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following disclosures are presented in accordance with GAAP in effect prior to the adoption of CECL. The Company has included these disclosures to address the applicable prior periods presented.

The following table provides the amount of the allowance for credit losses by class of financing receivable for loans individually evaluated for impairment, loans collectively evaluated for impairment and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality as of December 31, 2019:
 December 31, 2019
 Commercial
and 
industrial		Construction1-to-4
family
residential
mortgage		Residential
line of credit		Multi-
family
residential
mortgage		Commercial
real estate
owner
occupied		Commercial
real estate
non-owner
occupied		Consumer
and other		Total
Amount of allowance
allocated to:		         
Individually evaluated for
impairment		$241  $—  $8  $9  $—  $238  $399  $—  $895  
Collectively evaluated for
impairment		4,457  10,192  2,940  743  544  3,853  3,909  1,933  28,571  
Acquired with deteriorated
credit quality		107  2  164  —  —  18  313  1,069  1,673  
Ending balance -
December 31, 2019		$4,805  $10,194  $3,112  $752  $544  $4,109  $4,621  $3,002  $31,139  
 
The following table provides the amount of loans by class of financing receivable for loans individually evaluated for impairment, loans collectively evaluated for impairment and loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality as of December 31, 2019:
 
 December 31, 2019
 Commercial
and 
industrial		Construction1-to-4
family
residential
mortgage		Residential
line of credit		Multi-
family
residential
mortgage		Commercial
real estate
owner
occupied		Commercial
real estate
non-owner
occupied		Consumer
and other		Total
Loans, net of unearned
income		         
Individually evaluated
for impairment		$9,026  $2,061  $1,347  $579  $—  $2,993  $7,755  $49  $23,810  
Collectively evaluated
for impairment		1,023,326  546,156  689,769  220,878  69,429  621,386  902,792  254,944  4,328,680  
Acquired with deteriorated
credit quality		1,684  2,884  19,338  73  —  5,891  10,197  17,085  57,152  
Ending balance -
December 31, 2019		$1,034,036  $551,101  $710,454  $221,530  $69,429  $630,270  $920,744  $272,078  $4,409,642  

Credit Quality
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans that share similar risk characteristics collectively. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated individually.
The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
        Pass.  Loans rated Pass include those that are adequately performing and collateralized and which management believes do not have conditions that have occurred or may occur which would result in the loan being downgraded into an inferior category.
        Watch.  Loans rated as Watch include those that management believes have conditions that have occurred, or may occur, which could result in the loan being downgraded to an inferior category. Also included in watch are loans rated as special mention, which have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
        Substandard. Loans rated as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so rated have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses
23
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful. Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Risk ratings are updated on an ongoing basis and are subject to change by continuous loan monitoring processes.
The following table presents the credit quality of our loan portfolio by year of origination as of June 30, 2020. Revolving loans are presented separately. Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal constitutes a current period origination. Generally, current period renewals of credit are reunderwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for the purposes of the table below.
June 30, 2020
Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
20202019201820172016PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Commercial and industrial
Pass$338,964  $168,783  $69,250  $41,722  $32,820  $31,449  $481,897  $1,164,885  
Watch2,791  10,761  33,603  3,928  5,772  4,414  39,740  101,009  
Substandard250  2,535  4,584  3,251  1,414  3,696  7,806  23,536  
Doubtful16  —  —  —  —  —  200  216  
Total342,021  182,079  107,437  48,901  40,006  39,559  529,643  1,289,646  
Construction
Pass62,335  170,746  74,183  32,656  32,790  71,149  90,620  534,479  
Watch58  10  229  10,126  740  2,807  —  13,970  
Substandard—  1,170  409  11  —  3,205  208  5,003  
Doubtful—  167  —  —  —  —  —  167  
Total62,393  172,093  74,821  42,793  33,530  77,161  90,828  553,619  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage
Pass99,613  172,190  137,308  89,665  62,505  142,668  —  703,949  
Watch913  603  608  2,139  3,537  12,938  —  20,738  
Substandard353  1,222  1,891  3,674  1,640  7,664  —  16,444  
Doubtful—  —  56  —  325  424  —  805  
Total100,879  174,015  139,863  95,478  68,007  163,694  —  741,936  
Residential line of credit
Pass56  —  —  —  284  3,297  230,334  233,971  
Watch—  —  —  —  —  —  788  788  
Substandard—  —  —  —  —  77  1,692  1,769  
Doubtful—  —  —  —  —  —  446  446  
Total56  —  —  —  284  3,374  233,260  236,974  
Multi-family mortgage
Pass20,796  14,346  6,758  42,196  2,965  28,030  —  115,091  
Watch—  —  —  —  —  58  —  58  
Substandard—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Doubtful—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Total20,796  14,346  6,758  42,196  2,965  28,088  —  115,149  
24
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
20202019201820172016PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied
Pass49,663  129,755  84,301  69,678  62,755  161,851  48,023  606,026  
Watch997  7,758  1,530  24,105  5,634  14,847  7,716  62,587  
Substandard—  1,804  314  3,959  58  6,846  1,651  14,632  
Doubtful—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Total50,660  139,317  86,145  97,742  68,447  183,544  57,390  683,245  
Non-owner occupied
Pass34,657  139,867  202,792  132,792  164,798  175,966  24,834  875,706  
Watch1,496  2,193  10,707  4,973  3,769  5,090  94  28,322  
Substandard—  —  273  —  383  18,425  83  19,164  
Doubtful—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Total36,153  142,060  213,772  137,765  168,950  199,481  25,011  923,192  
Consumer and other loans
Pass43,369  60,546  45,556  29,342  43,123  31,011  8,110  261,057  
Watch74  487  1,291  1,515  3,450  8,567  587  15,971  
Substandard18  95  596  691  733  2,066  413  4,612  
Doubtful—  253  344  524  56  445  —  1,622  
Total43,461  61,381  47,787  32,072  47,362  42,089  9,110  283,262  
Total Loans
Pass649,453  856,233  620,148  438,051  402,040  645,421  883,818  4,495,164  
Watch6,329  21,812  47,968  46,786  22,902  48,721  48,925  243,443  
Substandard621  6,826  8,067  11,586  4,228  41,979  11,853  85,160  
Doubtful16  420  400  524  381  869  646  3,256  
Total$656,419  $885,291  $676,583  $496,947  $429,551  $736,990  $945,242  $4,827,023  
25
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following disclosures are presented in accordance with GAAP in effect prior to the adoption of CECL. The Company has included these disclosures to address the applicable prior periods presented.
The following table shows credit quality indicators by class of financing receivable at December 31, 2019.
December 31, 2019PassWatchSubstandardTotal
Loans, excluding purchased credit impaired loans    
Commercial and industrial$946,247  $66,910  $19,195  $1,032,352  
Construction541,201  4,790  2,226  548,217  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage666,177  11,380  13,559  691,116  
Residential line of credit218,086  1,343  2,028  221,457  
Multi-family mortgage69,366  63  —  69,429  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied576,737  30,379  17,263  624,379  
Non-owner occupied876,670  24,342  9,535  910,547  
Consumer and other248,632  3,304  3,057  254,993  
Total loans, excluding purchased credit impaired loans$4,143,116  $142,511  $66,863  $4,352,490  
Purchased credit impaired loans    
Commercial and industrial$—  $1,224  $460  $1,684  
Construction—  2,681  203  2,884  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage—  15,091  4,247  19,338  
Residential line of credit—  —  73  73  
Multi-family mortgage—  —  —  —  
Commercial real estate:  
Owner occupied—  4,535  1,356  5,891  
Non-owner occupied—  6,617  3,580  10,197  
Consumer and other—  13,521  3,564  17,085  
Total purchased credit impaired loans—  43,669  13,483  57,152  
Total loans$4,143,116  $186,180  $80,346  $4,409,642  
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Nonperforming loans include loans that are no longer accruing interest (nonaccrual loans) and loans past due ninety or more days and still accruing interest.
The following tables provide information on nonaccrual and past due loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. For December 31, 2019, purchased credit impaired ("PCI") loans are not included in the nonperforming disclosures as these loans are considered to be performing, even though they may be contractually past due. This is because any non-payment of contractual principal or interest was considered in the periodic re-estimation of expected cash flows and was included in the 2019 loan loss provision or future period yield adjustments. Under PCD accounting, management considers changes in the credit quality of the borrower as part of its regular estimation of expected credit losses and does not make the same future yield adjustments as under the PCI accounting. Consequently, PCD loans that are contractually past due or on nonaccrual status, including those formerly accounted for as PCI loans, are included in the June 30, 2020 nonperforming disclosures.
26
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following table represents an analysis of the aging by class of financing receivable as of June 30, 2020:
June 30, 202030-89 days
past due		90 days or
 more and
accruing
interest		Non-accrual
loans		Loans current
on payments
and accruing
interest		Total
Commercial and industrial$1,057  $111  $2,308  $1,286,170  $1,289,646  
Construction769  465  1,482  550,903  553,619  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage5,658  4,712  5,392  726,174  741,936  
Residential line of credit398  277  704  235,595  236,974  
Multi-family mortgage58  —  —  115,091  115,149  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied43  —  2,644  680,558  683,245  
Non-owner occupied169  226  13,113  909,684  923,192  
Consumer and other3,172  621  2,770  276,699  283,262  
Total$11,324  $6,412  $28,413  $4,780,874  $4,827,023  

The following tables provide the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status, as well as any related allowance and interest income, by class of financing receivable as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020:
June 30, 2020
u End of period amortized cost
Beginning of
period non-accrual
amortized cost		Non-accrual
with no
related
allowance		Non-accrual
with
related
allowance		Related
allowance
Commercial and industrial$5,586  $1,098  $1,210  $350  
Construction1,254  1,218  264  47  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage4,585  1,789  3,603  68  
Residential line of credit489  151  553  12  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied2,285  1,723  921  78  
Non-owner occupied9,460  2,762  10,351  1,625  
Consumer and other1,623  —  2,770  134  
Total$25,282  $8,741  $19,672  $2,314  
Interest Income
June 30, 2020Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
Commercial and industrial$17  $169  
Construction6  33  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage6  13  
Residential line of credit—  1  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied43  64  
Non-owner occupied109  128  
Consumer and other24  24  
Total$205  $432  
27
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following disclosures are presented in accordance with GAAP in effect prior to the adoption of CECL. The Company has included these disclosures to address the applicable prior periods presented.

The following table provides the period-end amounts of loans that are past due, loans not accruing interest and loans current on payments accruing interest by category at December 31, 2019:
 
December 31, 201930-89
days
past due		90 days or more
and
accruing
interest		Non-accrual
loans		Purchased
Credit
Impaired
loans		Loans current
on payments
and accruing
interest		Total
Commercial and industrial$1,918  $291  $5,587  $1,684  $1,024,556  $1,034,036  
Construction1,021  42  1,087  2,884  546,067  551,101  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage10,738  3,965  3,332  19,338  673,081  710,454  
Residential line of credit658  412  416  73  219,971  221,530  
Multi-family mortgage63  —  —  —  69,366  69,429  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied1,375  —  1,793  5,891  621,211  630,270  
Non-owner occupied327  —  7,880  10,197  902,340  920,744  
Consumer and other2,377  833  967  17,085  250,816  272,078  
Total$18,477  $5,543  $21,062  $57,152  $4,307,408  $4,409,642  

Impaired Loans

The following disclosures are presented in accordance with GAAP in effect prior to the adoption of CECL. The Company has included these disclosures to address the applicable prior periods presented.
Impaired loans recognized in conformity with ASC 310 at December 31, 2019 segregated by class, were as follows:
December 31, 2019Recorded
investment		Unpaid
principal		Related
allowance
With a related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$6,080  $8,350  $241  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage264  324  8  
Residential line of credit320  320  9  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied756  1,140  238  
Non-owner occupied6,706  6,747  399  
Consumer and other—  —  —  
Total$14,126  $16,881  $895  
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$2,946  $3,074  $—  
Construction2,061  2,499  —  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage1,083  1,449  —  
Residential line of credit259  280  —  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied2,237  2,627  —  
Non-owner occupied1,049  1,781  —  
Consumer and other49  49  —  
Total$9,684  $11,759  $—  
Total impaired loans$23,810  $28,640  $895  


28
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Average recorded investment and interest income on a cash basis recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 on impaired loans, segregated by class, were as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30, 2019Average recorded
investment		Interest income
recognized
(cash basis)		Average recorded
investment		Interest income
recognized
(cash basis)
With a related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$3,161  $67  $1,877  $105  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage336  9  206  11  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied187  4  373  6  
Non-owner occupied5,570  34  5,588  34  
Consumer and other250  19  250  19  
Total$9,504  $133  $8,294  $175  
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial$819  $11  $1,004  $25  
Construction1,218  4  1,219  52  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage528  18  715  26  
Residential line of credit607  —  427  2  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied1,830  34  1,922  62  
Non-owner occupied1,049  —  1,049  —  
Consumer and other70  1  71  3  
Total$6,121  $68  $6,407  $170  
Total impaired loans$15,625  $201  $14,701  $345  
Purchased Credit Impaired Loans
The following disclosures are presented in accordance with GAAP in effect prior to the adoption of CECL. The Company has included these disclosures to address the applicable prior periods presented.
As of December 31, 2019, the carrying value of PCI loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 "Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality" was $57,152. The following table presents changes in the value of the accretable yield for PCI loans for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended
June 30,		Six Months Ended
June 30,
 20192019
Balance at the beginning of period$(14,814) $(16,587) 
Additions through business combinations(1,167) (1,167) 
Principal reductions and other reclassifications from nonaccretable difference30  250  
Accretion1,705  3,888  
Changes in expected cash flows(616) (1,246) 
Balance at end of period$(14,862) $(14,862) 
Included in the ending balance of the accretable yield on PCI loans at December 31, 2019, was a purchase accounting liquidity discount of $292. There was also a purchase accounting nonaccretable credit discount of $3,537 related to the PCI loan portfolio at December 31, 2019, and an accretable credit and liquidity discount on non-PCI loans of $8,964 and $3,924, respectively, as of December 31, 2019.
29
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Interest revenue, through accretion of the difference between the recorded investment of the loans and the expected cash flows, was recognized on all PCI loans. Accretion of interest income amounting to $1,705 and $3,888 was recognized on PCI loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. This included both the contractual interest income recognized and the purchase accounting contribution through accretion of the liquidity discount for changes in estimated cash flows. The total purchase accounting contribution through accretion excluding contractual interest collected for all purchased loans was $2,097 and $3,928 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Restructured Loans
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company has a recorded investment in TDRs of $13,277 and $12,206, respectively. The modifications included extensions of the maturity date and/or a stated rate of interest to one lower than the current market rate to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company has calculated $606 and $360 of specific reserves for those loans at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There were no commitments to lend any additional amounts to these customers for either period end. Of these loans, $5,821 and $5,201 were classified as non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The following tables present the financial effect of TDRs recorded during the periods indicated. There were no new TDRs added during the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020Number of loansPre-modification outstanding recorded investmentPost-modification outstanding recorded investmentCharge offs and specific reserves
Commercial and industrial1$1,153  $1,153  $—  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied1788  788  —  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage113  13  —  
Total3$1,954  $1,954  $—  
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020Number of loansPre-modification outstanding recorded investmentPost-modification outstanding recorded investmentCharge offs and specific reserves
Commercial and industrial1  $1,153  $1,153  $—  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied1  788  788  —  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage2  77  77  —  
Total4  $2,018  $2,018  $—  
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019Number of loansPre-modification outstanding recorded investmentPost-modification outstanding recorded investmentCharge offs and specific reserves
Commercial and industrial2$3,188  $3,188  $—  
Total2$3,188  $3,188  $—  
There were no loans modified as troubled debt restructurings for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the three or six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.
In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under the Company’s internal underwriting policy. The terms of certain other loans were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 that did not meet the definition of a TDR. The modification of these loans usually involve either a modification of the terms of a loan to borrowers who are not experiencing financial difficulties or an insignificant delay in payments.

30
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Collateral Dependent Loans
For loans for which the repayment (based on the Company's assessment) is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, the following table presents the loans and the corresponding individually assessed allowance for credit losses by class of financing receivable.
June 30, 2020
Type of Collateral
Real EstateFinancial Assets and EquipmentIndividually assessed allowance for credit loss
Commercial and industrial$—  $3,062  $543  
Construction1,232  —  —  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage100  —  —  
Residential line of credit471  —  9  
Multi-family mortgage—  —  —  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied1,461  —  35  
Non-owner occupied8,500  —  1,563  
Consumer and other—  336  35  
Total$11,764  $3,398  $2,185  
Deferrals Program as part of COVID-19 Relief
On March 22, 2020, an Interagency Statement was issued by banking regulators encouraging financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations due to the effects of COVID-19. Additionally, Section 4013 of the CARES Act further provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR as defined by GAAP, from the period beginning March 1, 2020 until the earlier of December 31, 2020 or the date that is 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak terminates.The following table outlines the Company's recorded investment and percentage of loans held for investment by class of financing receivable for Company executed deferrals in connection with COVID-19 relief. These deferrals typically ranged from sixty to ninety days per deferral and were not considered TDRs under the interagency regulatory guidance or the CARES Act issued in March 2020.
June 30, 2020
% of Loans
Commercial and industrial$164,804  12.8 %
Construction82,514  14.9 %
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage83,590  11.3 %
Residential line of credit14,200  6.0 %
Multi-family mortgage45,321  39.4 %
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied190,044  27.8 %
Non-owner occupied321,707  34.8 %
Consumer and other16,078  5.7 %
Total$918,258  19.0 %
31
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Note (5)—Other real estate owned:
The amount reported as other real estate owned includes property acquired through foreclosure in addition to excess facilities held for sale and is carried at fair value less estimated cost to sell the property. The following table summarizes the other real estate owned for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019: 
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
 2020201920202019
Balance at beginning of period$17,072  $12,828  $18,939  $12,643  
Transfers from loans641  924  1,006  2,030  
Transfers from (to) premises and equipment —  2,640  (841) 2,640  
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned(2,708) (1,148) (4,150) (1,864) 
Gain on sale of other real estate owned170  329  345  322  
Loans provided for sales of other real estate owned —  —  —  (166) 
Write-downs and partial liquidations(84) (52) (208) (84) 
Balance at end of period$15,091  $15,521  $15,091  $15,521  
Foreclosed residential real estate properties totaled $3,045 and $4,295 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The recorded investment in residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $239 and $82 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Excess land and facilities held for sale resulting from branch consolidations totaled $7,751 and $8,956 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Note (6)—Goodwill and intangible assets:
The following table summarizes changes in goodwill during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
Goodwill
Balance at December 31, 2018$137,190  
Addition from acquisition of Atlantic Capital branches31,396  
Relief of goodwill due to sale of TPO mortgage delivery channel(100) 
Balance at June 30, 2019$168,486  
Balance at December 31, 2019$169,051  
Addition from acquisition of Farmers National (see Note 2)6,390  
Balance at June 30, 2020$175,441  
Goodwill is tested annually, or more often if circumstances warrant, for impairment. Impairment exists when a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value. The Company tested goodwill for impairment as of December 31, 2019 and determined there to be no impairment. Given the significant economic decline during the first half of 2020 due to COVID-19 and the negative impact on most businesses, including banking, management determined it would be prudent to evaluate any adverse impact to the Company's recorded goodwill. As of June 30, 2020, the Company performed a qualitative assessment and determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, including goodwill. As such, no impairment was indicated.
32
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Core deposit and other intangibles include core deposit intangibles, customer base trust intangible and manufactured housing servicing intangible. The composition of core deposit and other intangibles as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:
 Core deposit and other intangibles
 Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
June 30, 2020   
Core deposit intangible$52,165  $(36,080) $16,085  
Customer base trust intangible1,600  (467) 1,133  
Manufactured housing servicing intangible1,088  (635) 453  
Total core deposit and other intangibles$54,853  $(37,182) $17,671  
December 31, 2019
Core deposit intangible$49,675  $(33,861) $15,814  
Customer base trust intangible1,600  (387) 1,213  
Manufactured housing servicing intangible1,088  (526) 562  
Total core deposit and other intangibles$52,363  $(34,774) $17,589  
During the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded $2,490 of core deposit intangibles resulting from the Farmers National acquisition, which is being amortized over a weighted average life of approximately 4 years.
The estimated aggregate future amortization expense of core deposit and other intangibles is as follows:
2020$2,287  
20214,089  
20223,350  
20232,574  
20242,015  
Thereafter3,356  
 $17,671  

Note (7)—Leases:
As of June 30, 2020, the Company was the lessee in 45 operating leases of certain branch, mortgage and operations locations, of which 36 operating leases currently have remaining terms varying from greater than one year to 35 years. Leases with initial terms of less than one year are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company also does not include equipment leases and leases in which the Company is the lessor on the consolidated balance sheets as these are insignificant.
Many leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease up to an additional 20 years or more. Certain lease agreements contain provisions to periodically adjust rental payments for inflation. Renewal options that management is reasonably certain to renew are included in the right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability.
The Company entered into a lease for a new corporate headquarters building located in downtown Nashville. The lease agreement, comprising approximately 52,000 square feet of rentable space, includes signage rights, and is anticipated to commence in the fourth quarter of 2022. Upon commencement, the Company estimates recording a ROU asset and operating lease liability of approximately $29,000 and $30,000, respectively, as well as associated deferred taxes, in connection with this lease.
33
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Information related to the Company's operating leases is presented below:
June 30,December 31,
2020  2019  
Right-of-use assets$30,447  $32,539  
Lease liabilities$33,803  $35,525  
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)13.9314.07
Weighted average discount rate3.44 %3.40 %
The components of lease expense included in Occupancy and equipment expense were as follows:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30,June 30,
2020201920202019
Operating lease cost(1)
$1,389  $1,421  $2,678  $2,533  
Short-term lease cost30  260  166  484  
Variable lease cost160  99  298  199  
Total lease cost$1,579  $1,780  $3,142  $3,216  
(1) Includes amortization of favorable lease intangible
The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components and instead elects to account for them as a single lease component. Variable lease cost primarily represents variable payments such as common area maintenance, utilities, and property taxes.
A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and a reconciliation of undiscounted cash flows to the total operating lease liability is as follows:
June 30,
2020  
Lease payments due:
June 30, 2021$5,432  
June 30, 20224,807  
June 30, 20234,075  
June 30, 20243,624  
June 30, 20253,057  
Thereafter22,713  
     Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments43,708  
Discount on cash flows(9,905) 
     Total lease liability$33,803  

Note (8)—Mortgage servicing rights:
Changes in the Company’s mortgage servicing rights were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020201920202019
Carrying value at beginning of period$62,581  $64,031  $75,521  $88,829  
Capitalization12,267  11,212  20,063  19,932  
Sales—  —  —  (29,160) 
Change in fair value:
Due to pay-offs/pay-downs(7,277) (3,305) (11,920) (5,100) 
Due to change in valuation inputs or assumptions(7,063) (5,558) (23,156) (8,121) 
Carrying value at end of period$60,508  $66,380  $60,508  $66,380  

34
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following table summarizes servicing income and expense, which are included in mortgage banking income and other noninterest expense, respectively, within the Mortgage Segment operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019: 
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020201920202019
Servicing income:
Servicing income$5,113  $4,052  $10,131  $8,803  
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights(14,340) (8,863) (35,076) (13,221) 
Change in fair value of derivative hedging instruments1,102  5,063  15,970  7,540  
Servicing income(8,125) 252  (8,975) 3,122  
Servicing expenses1,992  1,485  3,393  3,229  
Net servicing (loss) income(1)
$(10,117) $(1,233) $(12,368) $(107) 
(1) Excludes benefit of custodial service related noninterest-bearing deposits held by the Bank.
Data and key economic assumptions related to the Company’s mortgage servicing rights as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows: 
 June 30, December 31,
 20202019
Unpaid principal balance$7,700,862  $6,734,496  
Weighted-average prepayment speed (CPR)15.60 %10.05 %
Estimated impact on fair value of a 10% increase$(3,755) $(2,839) 
Estimated impact on fair value of a 20% increase$(7,170) $(5,474) 
Discount rate10.75 %9.68 %
Estimated impact on fair value of a 100 bp increase$(2,230) $(3,086) 
Estimated impact on fair value of a 200 bp increase$(4,300) $(5,932) 
Weighted-average coupon interest rate3.94 %4.20 %
Weighted-average servicing fee (basis points)2829
Weighted-average remaining maturity (in months)332335
The Company hedges the mortgage servicing rights portfolio with various derivative instruments to offset changes in the fair value of the related mortgage servicing rights. See Note 11, "Derivatives" for additional information on these hedging instruments.
From time to time, the Company enters agreements to sell certain tranches of mortgage servicing rights. Upon consummation of the sale, the Company generally continues to subservice the underlying mortgage loans until they can be transferred to the purchaser. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company sold $29,160 of mortgage servicing rights on $2,034,374 of serviced mortgage loans. There was not a significant gain or loss recognized in connection with the sale. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, there were no such transactions. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were no loans being serviced that related to the bulk sale of mortgage servicing rights. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, mortgage escrow deposits totaled to $149,053 and $92,610, respectively.
35
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Note (9)—Income taxes:
An allocation of federal and state income taxes between current and deferred portions is presented below:
 Three Months Ended June 30,
 20202019
Current$15,747  $6,546  
Deferred(8,292) (232) 
Total$7,455  $6,314  
Six Months Ended June 30,
20202019
Current$23,915  $16,740  
Deferred(16,380) (4,451) 
Total$7,535  $12,289  
Federal income tax expense differs from the statutory federal rate of 21% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:
 Three Months Ended June 30,
 2020  2019  
Federal taxes calculated at statutory rate$6,369  21.0 %$5,251  21.0 %
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
State taxes, net of federal benefit1,298  4.3 %1,205  4.8 %
Benefit of equity based compensation 22  0.1 %(1) — %
Municipal interest income, net of interest disallowance(310) (1.0)%(223) (0.9)%
Bank owned life insurance(17) (0.1)%(15) — %
Merger costs32  0.1 %—  — %
Other61  0.2 %97  0.4 %
Income tax expense, as reported$7,455  24.6 %$6,314  25.3 %
Six Months Ended June 30,
2020  2019  
Federal taxes calculated at statutory rate$6,542  21.0 %$10,619  21.0 %
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
State taxes, net of federal benefit1,166  3.7 %2,343  4.6 %
Benefit of equity based compensation161  0.5 %(393) (0.8)%
Municipal interest income, net of interest disallowance(574) (1.8)%(439) (0.9)%
Bank owned life insurance(35) (0.1)%(27) — %
Merger costs163  0.5 %—  — %
Other112  0.4 %186  0.4 %
Income tax expense, as reported$7,535  24.2 %$12,289  24.3 %


36
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The components of the net deferred tax liability at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, are as follows: 
June 30,December 31,
 20202019
Deferred tax assets:  
Allowance for credit losses$31,170  $8,113  
Operating lease liability 8,924  9,373  
Amortization of core deposit intangible986  1,386  
Deferred compensation4,623  5,231  
Unrealized loss on debt securities 54  54  
Unrealized loss on equity securities 51  60  
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges345  —  
Other3,041  2,388  
Subtotal49,194  26,605  
Deferred tax liabilities:  
FHLB stock dividends(550) (550) 
Operating lease - right of use asset(8,084) (8,641) 
Depreciation(5,802) (5,078) 
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges—  (203) 
Unrealized gain on debt securities(7,758) (3,051) 
Mortgage servicing rights(15,766) (19,678) 
Goodwill(10,080) (8,859) 
Other(1,234) (1,035) 
Subtotal(49,274) (47,095) 
Net deferred tax liability$(80) $(20,490) 
 
Note (10)—Commitments and contingencies:
Some financial instruments, such as loan commitments, credit lines, letters of credit, and overdraft protection, are issued to meet customer financing needs. These are agreements to provide credit or to support the credit of others, as long as conditions established in the contract are met, and usually have expiration dates.
Commitments may expire without being used. Off-balance sheet risk of credit loss exists up to the face amount of these instruments, although material losses are not anticipated. The same credit policies are used to make such commitments as are used for loans, including obtaining collateral at exercise of the commitment.
June 30,December 31,
 20202019
Commitments to extend credit, excluding interest rate lock commitments$1,146,158  $1,086,173  
Letters of credit17,881  19,569  
Balance at end of period$1,164,039  $1,105,742  
In connection with the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, the Company estimates expected credit losses on off-balance sheet loan commitments that are not accounted for as derivatives. When applying the CECL methodology to estimate expected credit loss, the Company considers the likelihood that funding will occur, the contractual period of exposure to credit loss, the risk of loss, historical loss experience, and current conditions along with expectations of future economic conditions. As such, the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments in other liabilities amounting to $2,947. The impact net of taxes was recorded as part of the cumulative adjustment to retained earnings of $25,018 on January 1, 2020.
37
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The table below presents activity within the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
20202020
Balance at beginning of period$4,618  $—  
Impact of CECL adoption on provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments—  2,947  
Increase from unfunded commitments acquired in business combination—  70  
Provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments1,882  3,483  
Balance at end of period$6,500  $6,500  
In connection with the sale of mortgage loans to third party investors, the Bank makes usual and customary representations and warranties as to the propriety of its origination activities. Occasionally, the investors require the Bank to repurchase loans sold to them under the terms of the warranties. When this happens, the loans are recorded at fair value with a corresponding charge to a valuation reserve. The total principal amount of loans repurchased (or indemnified for) was $1,568 and $4,367 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and $2,117 and $3,510, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The Company has established a reserve associated with loan repurchases. This reserve is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table summarizes the activity in the repurchase reserve:
Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020201920202019
Balance at beginning of period$3,829  $3,332  $3,529  $3,273  
Provision for loan repurchases or indemnifications855  89  1,227  148  
Recoveries on previous losses(83) (14) (155) (14) 
Balance at end of period$4,601  $3,407  $4,601  $3,407  

Note (11)—Derivatives:
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments as part of its ongoing efforts to manage its interest rate risk exposure as well as the exposure for its customers. Derivative financial instruments are included in the consolidated balance sheets line item “Other assets” or “Other liabilities” at fair value in accordance with ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.”
The Company enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (rate-lock commitments). Under such commitments, interest rates for mortgage loans are typically locked in for between 45 to 90 days with the customer. These interest rate lock commitments are recorded at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company also enters into best effort or mandatory delivery forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors. Gains and losses arising from changes in the valuation of the rate-lock commitments and forward commitments are recognized currently in earnings and are reflected under the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the consolidated statements of income.
The Company enters into forward commitments, futures and options contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments as economic hedges to offset the changes in fair value of MSRs. Gains and losses associated with these instruments are included in earnings and are reflected under the line item “Mortgage banking income” on the consolidated statements of income.
Additionally, the Company enters into derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments to help its commercial customers manage their exposure to interest rate fluctuations. To mitigate the interest rate risk associated with customer contracts, the Company enters into an offsetting derivative contract. The Company manages its credit risk, or potential risk of default by its commercial customers through credit limit approval and monitoring procedures.
The Company also maintains two interest rate swap agreements with notional amounts totaling $30,000 used to hedge interest rate exposure on outstanding subordinated debentures included in long-term debt totaling $30,930. Under these agreements, the Company receives a variable rate of interest equal to 3-month LIBOR and pays a weighted average fixed rate of interest of 2.08%. The interest rate swap contracts, which mature in June of 2024, are designated as cash flow
38
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
hedges with the objective of reducing the variability in cash flows resulting from changes in interest rates. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of these contracts resulted in a liability of $2,215 and $515, respectively.
In July 2017, the Company entered into three interest rate swap contracts on floating rate liabilities at the Bank level with notional amounts of $30,000, $35,000 and $35,000 for a period of three, four and five years, respectively. These interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges with the objective of reducing the variability of cash flows associated with $100,000 of FHLB borrowings. During the first quarter of 2018, these swaps were canceled, locking in a tax-adjusted gain of $1,564 in other comprehensive income to be accreted over the three, four and five-year terms of the underlying contracts. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was $660 and $955, respectively, remaining in the other comprehensive income to be accreted.
Certain financial instruments, including derivatives, may be eligible for offset in the consolidated balance sheets when the “right of offset” exists or when the instruments are subject to an enforceable master netting agreement, which includes the right of the non-defaulting party or non-affected party to offset recognized amounts, including collateral posted with the counterparty, to determine a net receivable or net payable upon early termination of the agreement. Certain of the Company’s derivative instruments are subject to master netting agreements, however the Company has not elected to offset such financial instruments in the consolidated balance sheets. The following table presents the Company's gross derivative positions as recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as well as the net derivative positions, including collateral pledged to the extent the application of such collateral did not reduce the net derivative liability position below zero, had the Company elected to offset those instruments subject to an enforceable master netting agreement:
Offsetting Derivative AssetsOffsetting Derivative Liabilities
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Gross amounts recognized$4,562  $331  $41,059  $14,682  
Gross amounts offset in the consolidated
balance sheets		—  —  —  —  
Net amounts presented in the consolidated
balance sheets		4,562  331  41,059  14,682  
Gross amounts not offset in the
consolidated balance sheets
Less: financial instruments1,054  139  1,054  139  
Less: financial collateral pledged—  —  40,005  14,543  
Net amounts$3,508  $192  $—  $—  
Most derivative contracts with clients are secured by collateral. Additionally, in accordance with the interest rate agreements with derivatives dealers, the Company may be required to post margin to these counterparties. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain derivative counterparties and had collateral posted of $46,267 and $33,616, respectively, against its obligations under these agreements. Cash collateral related to derivative contracts is recorded in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following tables provide details on the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of the dates presented:
June 30, 2020
Notional AmountAssetLiability
Not designated as hedging:
Interest rate contracts$541,983  $41,236  $41,068  
Forward commitments1,142,224  —  6,786  
Interest rate-lock commitments1,205,932  37,055  —  
Futures contracts248,700  2,253  —  
Total$3,138,839  $80,544  $47,854  

39
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 December 31, 2019
 Notional AmountAssetLiability
Not designated as hedging:   
Interest rate contracts$440,556  $14,929  $14,929  
Forward commitments684,437  —  866  
Interest rate-lock commitments453,198  7,052  —  
Futures contracts389,000  —  1,623  
Total$1,967,191  $21,981  $17,418  
 
 June 30, 2020
 Notional AmountAssetLiability
Designated as hedging:   
Interest rate swaps$30,000  $—  $2,215  
December 31, 2019
Notional AmountAssetLiability
Designated as hedging:
Interest rate swaps$30,000  $—  $515  
Gains (losses) included in the consolidated statements of income related to the Company’s derivative financial instruments were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020201920202019
Not designated as hedging instruments (included in
mortgage banking income):
Interest rate lock commitments$9,541  $1,875  $30,003  $3,755  
Forward commitments(13,993) (5,264) (40,450) (9,668) 
Futures contracts631  4,107  11,542  5,978  
Option contracts—  31  —  44  
Total$(3,821) $749  $1,095  $109  
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020201920202019
Designated as hedging:
Amount of gain reclassified from other comprehensive
   income and recognized in interest expense on
   borrowings, net of taxes of $(52), $(42), $(104), and $(75)
$148  $119  $295  $213  
(Loss) gain included in interest expense on borrowings(62) 39  (74) 94  
Total$86  $158  $221  $307  
The following discloses the amount included in other comprehensive income, net of tax, for derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges for the periods presented: 
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2020201920202019
Designated as hedging:
Amount of loss recognized in other comprehensive
   income, net of taxes $40, $201, $443, and $317
$(112) $(564) $(1,257) $(895) 
Note (12)—Fair value of financial instruments:
FASB ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820-10 also establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities according to a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical
40
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
assets and liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that are derived from assumptions based on management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available under the circumstances.
The hierarchy is broken down into the following three levels, based on the reliability of inputs:
Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date.
Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs for assets or liabilities that are derived from assumptions based on management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.
The Company records the fair values of financial assets and liabilities on a recurring and non-recurring basis using the following methods and assumptions:
Investment securities-Investment securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair values for securities are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of similar instruments or are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the pricing relationship or correlation among other benchmark quoted securities. Investment securities valued using quoted market prices of similar instruments or that are valued using matrix pricing are classified as Level 2. When significant inputs to the valuation are unobservable, the available-for-sale securities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Where no active market exists for a security or other benchmark securities, fair value is estimated by the Company with reference to discount margins for other high-risk securities.
Loans held for sale-Loans held for sale are carried at fair value. Fair value is determined using current secondary market prices for loans with similar characteristics, that is, using Level 2 inputs.
Derivatives-The fair value of the interest rate swaps are based upon fair values provided from entities that engage in interest rate swap activity and is based upon projected future cash flows and interest rates. Fair value of commitments is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, and for fixed-rate commitments, the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates is also considered. These financial instruments are classified as Level 2.
Other real estate owned (“OREO”)-OREO is comprised of commercial and residential real estate obtained in partial or total satisfaction of loan obligations and excess land and facilities held for sale. OREO acquired in settlement of indebtedness is recorded at the lower of the carrying amount of the loan or the fair value of the real estate less costs to sell. Fair value is determined on a nonrecurring basis based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers and is adjusted for management’s estimates of costs to sell and holding period discounts. The valuations are classified as Level 3.
Mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs")-MSRs are carried at fair value. Fair value is determined using an income approach with various assumptions including expected cash flows, market discount rates, prepayment speeds, servicing costs, and other factors. As such, mortgage servicing rights are considered Level 3.
Collateral dependent loans (Impaired loans prior to the adoption of ASC 326)-loans for which, based on current information and events, the Company has determined foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the loan to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and it is probable that the creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Collateral dependent loans are classified as Level 3.
41
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following table contains the estimated fair values and the related carrying values of the Company's financial instruments. Items which are not financial instruments are not included.
 
 Fair Value
June 30, 2020Carrying amountLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Financial assets:     
Cash and cash equivalents$717,592  $717,592  $—  $—  $717,592  
Investment securities751,767  —  751,767  —  751,767  
Loans, net4,713,894  —  —  4,755,504  4,755,504  
Loans held for sale435,479  —  435,479  —  435,479  
Interest receivable26,587  45  3,533  23,009  26,587  
Mortgage servicing rights60,508  —  —  60,508  60,508  
Derivatives80,544  —  80,544  —  80,544  
Financial liabilities: 
Deposits: 
Without stated maturities$4,761,306  $4,761,306  $—  $—  $4,761,306  
With stated maturities1,191,495  —  1,204,271  —  1,204,271  
Securities sold under agreement to
repurchase and federal funds sold		32,732  32,732  —  —  32,732  
Federal Home Loan Bank advances250,000  —  258,901  —  258,901  
Subordinated debt30,930  —  23,396  —  23,396  
Other borrowings15,000  —  15,000  —  15,000  
Interest payable7,079  207  6,872  —  7,079  
Derivatives50,069  —  50,069  —  50,069  
 
 Fair Value
December 31, 2019Carrying amountLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Financial assets:     
Cash and cash equivalents$232,681  $232,681  $—  $—  $232,681  
Investment securities691,676  —  691,676  —  691,676  
Loans, net4,378,503  —  —  4,363,903  4,363,903  
Loans held for sale262,518  —  262,518  —  262,518  
Interest receivable17,083  —  3,282  13,801  17,083  
Mortgage servicing rights75,521  —  —  75,521  75,521  
Derivatives21,981  —  21,981  —  21,981  
Financial liabilities: 
Deposits: 
Without stated maturities$3,743,085  $3,743,085  $—  $—  $3,743,085  
With stated maturities1,191,853  —  1,200,145  —  1,200,145  
Securities sold under agreement to
repurchase and federal funds sold		23,745  23,745  —  —  23,745  
Federal Home Loan Bank advances250,000  —  250,213  —  250,213  
Subordinated debt30,930  —  29,706  —  29,706  
Interest payable6,465  376  6,089  —  6,465  
Derivatives17,933  —  17,933  —  17,933  
42
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The balances and levels of the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2020 are presented in the following table:
June 30, 2020Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(liabilities)
(level 1)		Significant
other
observable
inputs
(level 2)		Significant
unobservable
inputs
(level 3)		Total
Recurring valuations:    
Financial assets:     
Available-for-sale securities:    
U.S. government agency securities$—  $3,024  $—  $3,024  
Mortgage-backed securities—  454,606  —  454,606  
Municipals, tax-exempt—  266,052  —  266,052  
Treasury securities—  22,771  —  22,771  
Corporate securities—  985  —  985  
Equity securities—  4,329  —  4,329  
Total$—  $751,767  $—  $751,767  
Loans held for sale$—  $435,479  $—  $435,479  
Mortgage servicing rights—  —  60,508  60,508  
Derivatives—  80,544  —  80,544  
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives—  50,069  —  50,069  
The balances and levels of the assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2020 are presented in the following table: 
At June 30, 2020Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(liabilities)
(level 1)		Significant
other
observable
inputs
(level 2)		Significant
unobservable
inputs
(level 3)		Total
Non-recurring valuations:    
Financial assets:    
Other real estate owned$—  $—  $3,407  $3,407  
Collateral dependent loans:
Commercial and industrial$—  $—  $3,062  $3,062  
Residential real estate:
1-4 family mortgage—  —  100  100  
Residential line of credit—  —  471  311  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied—  —  1,461  1,461  
Non-owner occupied—  —  8,500  8,500  
Consumer and other—  —  336  336  
Total collateral dependent loans$—  $—  $15,162  $15,162  
43
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The balances and levels of the assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2019 are presented in the following table: 
At December 31, 2019
Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(liabilities)
(level 1)
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(level 2)		Significant unobservable
inputs
(level 3)		Total
Recurring valuations:    
Financial assets:     
Available-for-sale securities:    
Mortgage-backed securities$—  $490,676  $—  $490,676  
Municipals, tax-exempt—  189,235  —  189,235  
Treasury securities—  7,448  —  7,448  
Corporate securities—  1,022  —  1,022  
Equity securities—  3,295  —  3,295  
Total$—  $691,676  $—  $691,676  
Loans held for sale$—  $262,518  $—  $262,518  
Mortgage servicing rights—  —  75,521  75,521  
Derivatives—  21,981  —  21,981  
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives—  17,933  —  17,933  
 
The balances and levels of the assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2019 are presented in the following table: 
At December 31, 2019Quoted prices
in active
markets for
identical assets
(liabilities)
(level 1)		Significant
other observable inputs
(level 2)		Significant unobservable
inputs
(level 3)		Total
Non-recurring valuations:    
Financial assets:    
Other real estate owned$—  $—  $9,774  $9,774  
Impaired Loans(1):
Commercial and industrial$—  $—  $6,481  $6,481  
Residential real estate:
1-4 family mortgage—  —  378  378  
Residential line of credit—  —  321  321  
Commercial real estate: 
Owner occupied—  —  951  951  
Non-owner occupied—  —  2,560  2,560  
Total$—  $—  $10,691  $10,691  
(1) Includes both impaired non-purchased loans and collateral-dependent PCI loans.
There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the periods presented.
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2020 about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
Financial instrument
Fair Value
Valuation techniqueSignificant Unobservable inputsRange of
inputs
Collateral dependent loans$15,162  Valuation of collateralDiscount for comparable sales
0%-30%
Other real estate owned$3,407  Appraised value of property less costs to sellDiscount for costs to sell
0%-15%
44
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following table presents information as of December 31, 2019 about significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
Financial instrument
Fair Value
Valuation techniqueSignificant Unobservable inputsRange of
inputs
Impaired loans(1)
$10,691  Valuation of collateralDiscount for comparable sales
0%-30%
Other real estate owned$9,774  Appraised value of property less costs to sellDiscount for costs to sell
0%-15%
(1) Includes both impaired non-purchased loans and collateral-dependent PCI loans.
For collateral dependent loans, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. Fair value of the loan's collateral is determined by third-party appraisals, which are then adjusted for the estimated selling and closing costs related to liquidation of of the collateral. Collateral dependent loans are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and management's knowledge of the client and client's business. Other real estate owned acquired in settlement of indebtedness is recorded at fair value of the real estate less estimated costs to sell. Subsequently, it may be necessary to record nonrecurring fair value adjustments for declines in fair value. Any write-downs based on the asset's fair value at the date of foreclosure are charged to the allowance for credit losses. Appraisals for both collateral dependent loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of the lending administrative department reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry wide statistics.
Fair value option
The Company measures all loans originated for sale at fair value under the fair value option as permitted under ASC 825. Electing to measure these assets at fair value reduces certain timing differences and more accurately matches the changes in fair value of the loans with changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used to economically hedge them.
Net gains of $8,048 and $13,866 resulting from fair value changes of mortgage loans were recorded in income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, compared to $2,169 and $962 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The amount does not reflect changes in fair values of related derivative instruments used to hedge exposure to market-related risks associated with these mortgage loans. The change in fair value of both loans held for sale and the related derivative instruments are recorded in Mortgage Banking Income in the consolidated statements of income. Election of the fair value option allows the Company to reduce the accounting volatility that would otherwise result from the asymmetry created by accounting for the financial instruments at the lower of cost or fair value and the derivatives at fair value.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was $81,229 and $51,705, respectively, of GNMA loans previously sold that the Company did not record on its consolidated balance sheets as the Company determined there not to be a more-than-trivial benefit based on an analysis of interest rates and an assessment of potential reputational risk associated with these loans.
The Company’s valuation of loans held for sale incorporates an assumption for credit risk; however, given the short-term period that the Company holds these loans, valuation adjustments attributable to instrument-specific credit risk is nominal.
Interest income on loans held for sale measured at fair value is accrued as it is earned based on contractual rates and is reflected in loan interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
45
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following table summarizes the differences between the fair value and the principal balance for loans held for sale measured at fair value as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: 
June 30, 2020Aggregate
fair value		Aggregate
Unpaid
Principal
Balance		Difference
Mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value$435,479  $413,963  $21,516  
Past due loans of 90 days or more—  —  —  
Nonaccrual loans—  —  —  
December 31, 2019 
Mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value$262,518  $254,868  $7,650  
Past due loans of 90 days or more—  —  —  
Nonaccrual loans—  —  —  

Note (13)—Segment reporting:
The Company and the Bank are engaged in the business of banking and provide a full range of financial services. The Company determines reportable segments based on the significance of the segment’s operating results to the overall Company, the products and services offered, customer characteristics, processes and service delivery of the segments and the regular financial performance review and allocation of resources by the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company has identified two distinct reportable segments—Banking and Mortgage. The Company’s primary segment is Banking, which provides a full range of deposit and lending products and services to corporate, commercial and consumer customers. The Company offers full-service conforming residential mortgage products, including conforming residential loans and services through the Mortgage segment utilizing mortgage offices outside of the geographic footprint of the Banking operations. Additionally, the Mortgage segment includes the servicing of residential mortgage loans and the packaging and securitization of loans to governmental agencies. The residential mortgage products and services originated in our Banking footprint and related revenues and expenses are included in our Banking segment. The Company’s mortgage division represents a distinct reportable segment which differs from the Company’s primary business of commercial and retail banking.
The financial performance of the Mortgage segment is assessed based on results of operations reflecting direct revenues and expenses and allocated expenses. This approach gives management a better indication of the operating performance of the segment. When assessing the Banking segment’s financial performance, the CEO utilizes reports with indirect revenues and expenses including but not limited to the investment portfolio, electronic delivery channels and areas that primarily support the banking segment operations. Therefore these are included in the results of the Banking segment. Other indirect revenue and expenses related to general administrative areas are also included in the internal financial results reports of the Banking segment utilized by the CEO for analysis and are thus included for Banking segment reporting. The Mortgage segment utilizes funding sources from the Banking segment in order to fund mortgage loans that are ultimately sold on the secondary market. The Mortgage segment uses the proceeds from loan sales to repay obligations due to the Banking segment.
During the first quarter of 2019, the Company's Board of Directors approved management's strategic plan to exit its wholesale mortgage delivery channels. On June 7, 2019, the Company completed the sale of its third party origination ("TPO") channel and on August 1, 2019, the Company completed the sale of its correspondent channel. The Mortgage segment incurred $829 and $1,883 in restructuring charges, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, related to these sales. The restructuring charges include a one time charge of $100 in relief of goodwill associated with the TPO channel.
46
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
The following tables provide segment financial information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020BankingMortgageConsolidated
Net interest income$55,350  $(13) $55,337  
Provisions for credit losses(1)
25,921  —  25,921  
Mortgage banking income16,940  68,466  85,406  
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights, net of hedging(2)
—  (13,238) (13,238) 
Other noninterest income9,323  —  9,323  
Depreciation and amortization 1,503  116  1,619  
Amortization of intangibles1,205  —  1,205  
Other noninterest mortgage banking expense11,542  26,881  38,423  
Other noninterest expense(3)
39,332  —  39,332  
Income before income taxes$2,110  $28,218  $30,328  
Income tax expense7,455  
Net income22,873  
Total assets$6,751,881  $503,655  $7,255,536  
Goodwill175,441  —  175,441  
(1)Included $1,882 in provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments.
(2)Included in mortgage banking income in the Company's consolidated statement of income.
(3)Included $1,586 of merger costs in the Banking segment primarily related to the integration of Farmers National.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Banking		Mortgage Consolidated
Net interest income$56,979  $44  $57,023  
Provision for credit losses881  —  881  
Mortgage banking income5,451  22,875  28,326  
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights, net of hedging(1)
—  (3,800) (3,800) 
Other noninterest income8,453  —  8,453  
Depreciation and amortization1,134  144  1,278  
Amortization of intangibles1,254  —  1,254  
Other noninterest mortgage banking expense4,172  17,691  21,863  
Other noninterest expense(2)
38,895  829  39,724  
Income before income taxes24,547  455  25,002  
Income tax expense6,314  
Net income18,688  
Total assets$5,552,893  $387,509  $5,940,402  
Goodwill168,486  —  168,486  
(1)Included in mortgage banking income in the Company's consolidated statement of income.
(2)Included $3,783 in merger costs in the Banking segment related to the Atlantic Capital branch acquisition and $829 in mortgage restructuring charges in the Mortgage segment.
47
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020BankingMortgageConsolidated
Net interest income$111,583  $3  $111,586  
Provision for credit losses(1)
55,486  —  55,486  
Mortgage banking income27,591  96,428  124,019  
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights, net of hedging(2)
—  (19,106) (19,106) 
Other noninterest income19,278  —  19,278  
Depreciation and amortization 2,995  236  3,231  
Amortization of intangibles2,408  —  2,408  
Other noninterest mortgage banking expense18,717  44,328  63,045  
Other noninterest expense(3)
80,454  —  80,454  
(Loss) income before income taxes$(1,608) $32,761  $31,153  
Income tax expense7,535  
Net income$23,618  
Total assets$6,751,881  $503,655  $7,255,536  
Goodwill175,441  —  175,441  
(1)Included $3,483 in provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments.
(2)Included in mortgage banking income in the Company's consolidated statement of income.
(3)Included $4,636 of merger costs in the Banking segment related to the Farmers National acquisition and the Franklin merger.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019BankingMortgageConsolidated
Net interest income$109,972  $67  $110,039  
Provision for credit losses2,272  —  2,272  
Mortgage banking income9,837  41,391  51,228  
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights, net of hedging(1)
—  (5,681) (5,681) 
Other noninterest income16,471  —  16,471  
Depreciation and amortization2,176  274  2,450  
Amortization of intangibles1,983  —  1,983  
Other noninterest mortgage banking expense7,003  35,047  42,050  
Other noninterest expense(2)
70,854  1,883  72,737  
Income (loss) before income taxes$51,992  $(1,427) $50,565  
Income tax expense12,289  
Net income$38,276  
Total assets$5,552,893  $387,509  $5,940,402  
Goodwill168,486  —  168,486  
(1)Included in mortgage banking income in the Company's consolidated statement of income.
(2)Includes $4,404 in merger costs in the Banking segment related to the Atlantic Capital branch acquisition and $1,883 in mortgage restructuring charges in the Mortgage segment.
Our Banking segment provides our Mortgage segment with a warehouse line of credit that is used to fund mortgage loans held for sale. The warehouse line of credit, which is eliminated in consolidation, had a prime interest rate of 3.25% and 5.50% as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and is limited based on interest income earned by the Mortgage segment. The amount of interest paid by our Mortgage segment to our Banking segment under this warehouse line of credit is recorded as interest income to our Banking segment and as interest expense to our Mortgage segment, both of which are included in the calculation of net interest income for each segment. The amount of interest paid by our Mortgage segment to our Banking segment under this warehouse line of credit was $3,335 and $3,290 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $5,710 and $5,848 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Note (14)—Minimum capital requirements:
Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action.
Under regulatory guidance for non-advanced approaches institutions, the Bank and Company are required to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of common equity Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets. Additionally, under U.S. Basel III
48
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Capital Rules, the decision was made to opt-out of including accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank and Company met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
In December 2018, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC approved a final rule to address changes to credit loss accounting under GAAP, including banking organizations’ implementation of CECL. The final rule provides banking organizations the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects on regulatory capital that may result from the adoption of the new accounting standard. In March 2020, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC announced an interim final rule to delay the estimated impact on regulatory capital stemming from the implementation of CECL. The interim final rule maintains the three-year transition option in the previous rule and provides banks the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period (five-year transition option). The Company adopted the capital transition relief over the permissible five-year period.
Actual and required capital amounts and ratios are presented below at period-end.

 Actual
For capital adequacy
 purposes
Minimum Capital
adequacy with
capital buffer
To be well capitalized
under prompt corrective
action provisions
 AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
June 30, 2020        
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)        
FB Financial Corporation$735,555  13.4 %$439,137  8.0 %$576,368  10.5 %N/AN/A
FirstBank742,321  13.5 %439,894  8.0 %577,361  10.5 %$549,867  10.0 %
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)
FB Financial Corporation$666,090  12.1 %$330,293  6.0 %$467,914  8.5 %N/AN/A
FirstBank672,856  12.3 %328,222  6.0 %464,982  8.5 %$437,630  8.0 %
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)
FB Financial Corporation$666,090  9.7 %$274,676  4.0 %N/AN/AN/AN/A
FirstBank672,856  9.7 %277,466  4.0 %N/AN/A$346,833  5.0 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-
weighted assets)
FB Financial Corporation$636,090  11.6 %$246,759  4.5 %$383,847  7.0 %N/AN/A
FirstBank672,856  12.3 %246,167  4.5 %382,926  7.0 %$355,574  6.5 %
 ActualFor capital adequacy
purposes		Minimum Capital
adequacy with
capital buffer		To be well capitalized
under prompt corrective
action provisions
 AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
December 31, 2019        
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)        
FB Financial Corporation$633,549  12.2 %$415,442  8.0 %$545,268  10.5 %N/AN/A
FirstBank623,432  12.1 %412,186  8.0 %540,995  10.5 %$515,233  10.0 %
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)
FB Financial Corporation$602,410  11.6 %$311,591  6.0 %$441,421  8.5 %N/AN/A
FirstBank592,293  11.5 %309,022  6.0 %437,782  8.5 %$412,030  8.0 %
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)
FB Financial Corporation$602,410  10.1 %$238,578  4.0 %N/AN/AN/AN/A
FirstBank592,293  9.9 %239,310  4.0 %N/AN/A$299,138  5.0 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-
weighted assets)
FB Financial Corporation$572,410  11.1 %$232,058  4.5 %$360,979  7.0 %N/AN/A
FirstBank592,293  11.5 %231,767  4.5 %360,526  7.0 %$334,774  6.5 %

49
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Note (15)—Stock-Based Compensation
Restricted Stock Units
The Company grants restricted stock units under compensation arrangements for the benefit of employees, executive officers, and directors. Restricted stock unit grants are subject to time-based vesting. The total number of restricted stock units granted represents the maximum number of restricted stock units eligible to vest based upon the service conditions set forth in the grant agreements.
The following table summarizes information about vested and unvested restricted stock units as of the dates indicated:
 
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 20202019
 Restricted Stock
Units
Outstanding		Weighted
Average Grant
Date
Fair Value		Restricted Stock
Units
Outstanding		Weighted
Average Grant
Date
Fair Value
Balance at beginning of period826,263  $23.76  1,140,215  $21.96  
Grants132,605  33.92  165,761  34.03  
Released and distributed (vested)(132,203) 32.52  (195,755) 25.62  
Forfeited/expired(14,826) 34.24  (9,581) 24.72  
Balance at end of period811,839  $24.84  1,100,640  $25.53  
 
The total fair value of restricted stock units vested and released was $1,048 and $4,299 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and $482 and $5,015 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
The compensation cost related to stock grants and vesting of restricted stock units was $2,015 and $3,817 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and $2,147 and $3,785 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. This included $231 and $378 paid to Company independent directors during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and $179 and $351 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, related to independent director grants and compensation elected to be settled in stock.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $10,810 and $11,499, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.21 years and 2.00 years, respectively. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $452 and $375, respectively, accrued in other liabilities related to dividends declared to be paid upon vesting and distribution of the underlying RSUs.
Performance Based Restricted Stock Units:
During 2020, the Company began awarding performance-based restricted stock units ("PSUs") to executives and other officers and employees. Under the terms of the award, the number of units that will vest and convert to shares of common stock will be based on the extent to which the Company achieves specified performance criteria during the fixed three-year performance period. The number of shares issued upon vesting will range from 0% to 200% of the PSUs granted. The PSUs vest at the end of a three-year period based on average adjusted return on tangible equity as reported, adjusted for unusual gains/losses, merger expenses, and other items as approved by the compensation committee of the Company's board of directors. Compensation expense for the PSUs will be estimated each period based on the fair value of the stock at the grant date and the most probable outcome of the performance condition, adjusted for the passage of time within the vesting period of the awards.
The Company granted 53,147 shares of performance based restricted stock units and recorded compensation cost of $335 and $416 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. As of June 30, 2020, the Company determined the probability of meeting the performance criteria, and recorded compensation cost associated with a 181% vesting, when factoring in the conversion of PSUs to shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2020, maximum unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested PSUs was $3,067, and the remaining performance period over which the cost could be recognized was 2.64 years.
50
FB Financial Corporation and subsidiaries
Notes to consolidated financial statements
(Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts are in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Employee Stock Purchase Plan:
The Company maintains an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) under which employees, through payroll deductions, are able to purchase shares of Company common stock. The purchase price is 95% of the lower of the market price on the first or last day of the offering period. The maximum number of shares issuable during any offering period is 200,000 shares and a participant may not purchase more than 725 shares during any offering period (and, in any event, no more than $25 worth of common stock in any calendar year). There were no shares issued under the ESPP during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 12,145 and 10,613 shares of common stock issued under the ESPP, respectively. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 2,397,040 and 2,409,185 shares available for issuance under the ESPP, respectively.
Note (16)—Related party transactions:
(A) Loans:
The Bank has made and expects to continue to make loans to the directors, certain management and executive officers of the Company and their affiliates in the ordinary course of business, in compliance with regulatory requirements.
An analysis of loans to executive officers, certain management, and directors of the Bank and their affiliates is presented below:
Loans outstanding at January 1, 2020$30,880  
New loans and advances5,619  
Change in related party status248  
Repayments(5,151) 
Loans outstanding at June 30, 2020$31,596  
 
Unfunded commitments to certain executive officers, certain management and directors and their associates totaled $20,302 and $19,404 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(B) Deposits:
The Bank held deposits from related parties totaling $277,904 and $238,781 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(C) Leases:
The Bank leases various office spaces from entities owned by certain directors of the Company under varying terms. The Company had $68 and $86 in unamortized leasehold improvements related to these leases at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. These improvements are being amortized over a term not to exceed the length of the lease. Lease expense for these properties totaled $128 and $256 for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020 respectively and $124 and $253 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
(D) Aviation time sharing agreement:
The Company is a participant to aviation time sharing agreements with entities owned by a certain director of the Company. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company made payments of $58 and $91, respectively, and $70 and $97 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, under these agreements.


51

ITEM 2 – Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
The following is a discussion of our financial condition at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 13, 2020 (our "Annual Report"), and with the accompanying unaudited notes to the consolidated financial statements set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020 (this "Report").
Forward-looking statements
Certain statements contained in this Report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding the projected impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on our business operations, statements relating to the timing, benefits, costs, and synergies of the proposed merger with Franklin Financial Network, Inc. (“Franklin”) (the “Franklin merger”) and of the recent merger with FNB Financial Corp. (“FNB”) (together with the Franklin merger, the “mergers”), and FB Financial’s future plans, results, strategies, and expectations. These statements can generally be identified by the use of the words and phrases “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “goal,” “plan,” “potential,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “target,” “aim,” “predict,” “continue,” “seek,” “projection,” and other variations of such words and phrases and similar expressions.
These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based upon current expectations, estimates, and projections, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond FB Financial’s control. The inclusion of these forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by FB Financial or any other person that such expectations, estimates, and projections will be achieved. Accordingly, FB Financial cautions shareholders and investors that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements including, without limitation, (1) current and future economic conditions, including the effects of declines in housing and commercial real estate prices, high unemployment rates, and any slowdown in economic growth in the local or regional economies in which we operate and/or the US economy generally, (2) the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the magnitude and duration of the pandemic and its impact on general economic and financial market conditions and on our business and our customers' business, results of operations, asset quality and financial condition, (3) changes in government interest rate policies, (4) our ability to effectively manage problem credits, (5) the risk that the cost savings and any revenue synergies from the mergers or another acquisition may not be realized or may take longer than anticipated to be realized, (6) disruption from the mergers with customer, supplier, or employee relationships, (7) the occurrence of any event, change, or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the merger agreement with Franklin, (8) the failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for the Franklin merger, (9) the possibility that the costs, fees, expenses, and charges related to the mergers may be greater than anticipated, including as a result of unexpected or unknown factors, events, or liabilities, (10) the failure of the conditions to the Franklin merger to be satisfied, (11) the risks related to the integrations of the combined businesses following the mergers, including the risk that the integrations will be materially delayed or will be more costly or difficult than expected, (12) the diversion of management time on issues related to the mergers, (13) the ability of FB Financial to effectively manage the larger and more complex operations of the combined company following the Franklin merger, (14) the risks associated with FB Financial’s pursuit of future acquisitions, (15) reputational risk and the reaction of the parties’ respective customers to the mergers, (16) FB Financial’s ability to successfully execute its various business strategies, including its ability to execute on potential acquisition opportunities, (17) the risk of potential litigation or regulatory action related to the Franklin merger, and (18) general competitive, economic, political, and market conditions. Further information regarding FB Financial and factors which could affect the forward-looking statements contained herein can be found in FB Financial's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, and its other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Many of these factors are beyond FB Financial’s ability to control or predict. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if the underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, shareholders and investors should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this Report, and FB Financial undertakes no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except
52

as required by law. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for FB Financial to predict their occurrence or how they will affect the Company. FB Financial qualifies all forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
Critical accounting policies
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and general practices within the banking industry. Within our financial statements, certain financial information contains approximate measurements of financial effects of transactions and impacts at the consolidated balance sheet dates and our results of operations for the reporting periods. We monitor the status of proposed and newly issued accounting standards to evaluate the impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Our accounting policies, including the impact of newly issued accounting standards, are discussed in further detail in Note 1, "Basis of presentation," in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report. Subsequent adoptions and changes to critical accounting policies during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are further described in Note 1, "Basis of presentation" in the notes to our consolidated financial statements contained in this Report.

Selected historical consolidated financial data

The following table presents certain selected historical consolidated financial data as of the dates or for the periods indicated:
As of or for the three months endedAs of or for the six months endedAs of or for the
year ended
June 30,June 30, December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data and %)20202019202020192019
Statement of Income Data
Total interest income$65,607  $71,719  $135,281  $137,652  $282,537  
Total interest expense10,270  14,696  23,695  27,613  56,501  
Net interest income55,337  57,023  111,586  110,039  226,036  
Provisions for credit losses25,921  881  55,486  2,272  7,053  
Total noninterest income81,491  32,979  124,191  62,018  135,397  
Total noninterest expense80,579  64,119  149,138  119,220  244,841  
Net income before income taxes30,328  25,002  31,153  50,565  109,539  
Income tax expense7,455  6,314  7,535  12,289  25,725  
Net income$22,873  $18,688  $23,618  $38,276  $83,814  
Net interest income (tax—equivalent basis)$55,977  $57,488  $112,761  $110,949  $227,930  
Per Common Share
Basic net income$0.71  $0.60  $0.75  $1.24  $2.70  
Diluted net income0.70  0.59  0.74  1.21  2.65  
Book value(1)
25.08  23.29  25.08  23.29  24.56  
Tangible book value(4)
19.07  17.18  19.07  17.18  18.55  
Cash dividends declared0.09  0.08  0.18  0.16  0.32  
Selected Balance Sheet Data
Cash and cash equivalents$717,592  $164,336  $717,592  $164,336  $232,681  
Loans held for investment4,827,023  4,289,516  4,827,023  4,289,516  4,409,642  
Allowance for credit losses(113,129) (30,138) (113,129) (30,138) (31,139) 
Loans held for sale435,479  294,699  435,479  294,699  262,518  
Investment securities, at fair value751,767  678,457  751,767  678,457  691,676  
Other real estate owned, net15,091  15,521  15,091  15,521  18,939  
Total assets7,255,536  5,940,402  7,255,536  5,940,402  6,124,921  
Customer deposits5,937,373  4,812,962  5,937,373  4,812,962  4,914,587  
Brokered and internet time deposits15,428  29,864  15,428  29,864  20,351  
Total deposits5,952,801  4,842,826  5,952,801  4,842,826  4,934,938  
Borrowings328,662  257,299  328,662  257,299  304,675  
Total shareholders' equity805,216  718,759  805,216  718,759  762,329  
53

As of or for the three months endedAs of or for the six months endedAs of or for the
year ended
June 30,June 30, December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data and %)20202019202020192019
Selected Ratios
Return on average:
Assets(2)
1.30 %1.30 %0.70 %1.41 %1.45 %
Shareholders' equity(2)
11.6 %10.6 %6.07 %11.1 %11.6 %
Tangible common equity(4)
15.3 %14.4 %8.04 %14.6 %15.4 %
Average shareholders' equity to average assets11.2 %12.3 %11.6 %12.7 %12.5 %
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent basis)3.50 %4.39 %3.70 %4.50 %4.34 %
Efficiency ratio58.9 %71.2 %63.3 %69.3 %67.7 %
Adjusted efficiency ratio (tax-equivalent basis)(4)
57.5 %65.9 %60.9 %65.4 %65.4 %
Loans held for investment to deposit ratio81.1 %88.6 %81.1 %88.6 %89.4 %
Yield on interest-earning assets4.14 %5.52 %4.48 %5.62 %5.42 %
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities0.94 %1.54 %1.11 %1.53 %1.48 %
Cost of total deposits0.65 %1.14 %0.79 %1.14 %1.10 %
Credit Quality Ratios
Allowance for credit losses to loans, net of unearned
income		2.34 %0.70 %2.34 %0.70 %0.71 %
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans324.8 %165.3 %324.8 %165.3 %117.0 %
Nonperforming loans to loans, net of unearned
income		0.72 %0.43 %0.72 %0.43 %0.60 %
Capital Ratios (Company)
Shareholders' equity to assets11.1 %12.1 %11.1 %12.1 %12.4 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)9.7 %10.0 %9.7 %10.0 %10.1 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets(3)
12.1 %11.0 %12.1 %11.0 %11.6 %
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)(3)
13.4 %11.6 %13.4 %11.6 %12.2 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets(4)
8.7 %9.2 %8.7 %9.2 %9.7 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
   (CET1)(3)
11.6 %10.4 %11.6 %10.4 %11.1 %
Capital Ratios (Bank)
Shareholders' equity to assets11.6 %12.4 %11.6 %12.4 %12.8 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)9.7 %9.7 %9.7 %9.7 %9.9 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)(3)
12.3 %10.7 %12.3 %10.7 %11.5 %
Total capital to (risk-weighted assets)(3)
13.5 %11.3 %13.5 %11.3 %12.1 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
   (CET1)(3)
12.3 %10.7 %12.3 %10.7 %11.5 %
(1)Book value per share equals our total shareholders’ equity as of the date presented divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of the date presented. The number of shares of our common stock outstanding was 32,101,108, 30,865,636, and 31,034,315 as of June 30, 2020, June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
(2)We have calculated our return on average assets and return on average equity for a period by dividing annualized net income for that period by our average assets and average equity, as the case may be, for that period. We have calculated our pro forma return on average assets and pro forma return on average equity for a period by calculating our pro forma net income for that period as described in footnote 4 below and dividing that by our average assets and average equity, as the case be, for that period. We calculate our average assets and average equity for a period by dividing the sum of our total asset balance or total stockholder’s equity balance, as the case may be, as of the close of business on each day in the relevant period and dividing by the number of days in the period.
(3)We calculate our risk-weighted assets using the standardized method of the Basel III Framework.
(4)These measures are not measures recognized under generally accepted accounting principles (United States) (“GAAP”), and are therefore considered to be non-GAAP financial measures. See “GAAP reconciliation and management explanation of non-GAAP financial measures” for a reconciliation of these measures to their most comparable GAAP measures.
GAAP reconciliation and management explanation of non-GAAP financial measures
We identify certain financial measures discussed in this Report as being "non-GAAP financial measures." The non-GAAP financial measures presented in this Report are adjusted efficiency ratio (tax equivalent basis), tangible book value per common share, tangible common equity to tangible assets and return on average tangible equity.
In accordance with the SEC's rules, we classify a financial measure as being a non-GAAP financial measure if that financial measure excludes or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding or including amounts, that are included or excluded, as the case may be, in the most directly comparable measure calculated and
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presented in accordance with GAAP as in effect from time to time in the United States in our statements of income, balance sheets or statements of cash flows.
The non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in this Report should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the most directly comparable or other financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which we calculate the non-GAAP financial measures that we discuss in our selected historical consolidated financial data may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names. You should understand how such other banking organizations calculate their financial measures similar or with names similar to the non-GAAP financial measures we have discussed in our selected historical consolidated financial data when comparing such non-GAAP financial measures. The following reconciliation tables provide a more detailed analysis of, and reconciliations for, each of these non-GAAP financial measures.
Adjusted Efficiency ratio (tax equivalent basis)
The adjusted efficiency ratio (tax equivalent basis) is a non-GAAP measure that excludes certain gains (losses), merger, and mortgage restructuring-related expenses and other selected items. Our management uses this measure in its analysis of our performance. Our management believes this measure provides a greater understanding of ongoing operations and enhances comparability of results with prior periods, as well as demonstrates the effects of significant gains or losses and changes. The most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is the efficiency ratio.
The following table presents, as of the dates set forth below, a reconciliation of our adjusted efficiency ratio (tax-equivalent basis) to our efficiency ratio:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Year ended
December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)20202019202020192019
Adjusted efficiency ratio (tax-equivalent basis)
Total noninterest expense$80,579  $64,119  $149,138  $119,220  $244,841  
Less merger, conversion,and
mortgage restructuring expenses		1,586  4,612  4,636  6,287  7,380  
Adjusted noninterest expense$78,993  $59,507  $144,502  $112,933  $237,461  
Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis)$55,977  $57,488  $112,761  $110,949  $227,930  
Total noninterest income81,491  32,979  124,191  62,018  135,397  
Less gain on sales of other real estate86  277  137  238  545  
Less (loss) gain on other assets(54) (183) (382) 8  (104) 
Less (loss) gain on securities(28) 52  35  95  57  
Adjusted noninterest income$81,487  $32,833  $124,401  $61,677  $134,899  
Adjusted operating revenue$137,464  $90,321  $237,162  $172,626  $362,829  
Efficiency ratio (GAAP)58.9 %71.2 %63.3 %69.3 %67.7 %
Adjusted efficiency ratio (tax-equivalent basis)57.5 %65.9 %60.9 %65.4 %65.4 %
Tangible book value per common share and tangible common equity to tangible assets
Tangible book value per common share and tangible common equity to tangible assets are non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of goodwill and other intangibles used by the Company's management to evaluate capital adequacy. Because intangible assets such as goodwill and other intangibles vary extensively from company to company, we believe that the presentation of this information allows investors to more easily compare the Company's capital position to other companies. The most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is book value per common share and our total shareholders' equity to total assets.
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The following table presents, as of the dates set forth below, tangible common equity compared with total shareholders' equity, tangible book value per common share compared with our book value per common share and common equity to tangible assets compared to total shareholders' equity to total assets:
As of June 30,As of December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)202020192019
Tangible Assets
Total assets$7,255,536  $5,940,402  $6,124,921  
Adjustments:
Goodwill(175,441) (168,486) (169,051) 
Core deposit and other intangibles(17,671) (19,945) (17,589) 
Tangible assets$7,062,424  $5,751,971  $5,938,281  
Tangible Common Equity
Total shareholders' equity$805,216  $718,759  $762,329  
Adjustments:
Goodwill(175,441) (168,486) (169,051) 
Core deposit and other intangibles(17,671) (19,945) (17,589) 
Tangible common equity$612,104  $530,328  $575,689  
Common shares outstanding32,101,108  30,865,636  31,034,315  
Book value per common share$25.08  $23.29  $24.56  
Tangible book value per common share$19.07  $17.18  $18.55  
Total shareholders' equity to total assets11.1 %12.1 %12.4 %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets8.67 %9.2 %9.69 %
Return on average tangible common equity
Return on average tangible common equity is a non-GAAP measure that uses average shareholders' equity and excludes the impact of goodwill and other intangibles. This measurement is also used by the Company's management to evaluate capital adequacy. The following table presents, as of the dates set forth below, reconciliations of total average tangible common equity to average shareholders' equity and return on average tangible common equity to return on average shareholders equity:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,As of December 31,
(dollars in thousands)2020  2019  2020  2019  2019  
Return on average tangible common equity
Total average shareholders' equity$795,705  $708,557  $782,475  $696,621  $723,494  
Adjustments:
Average goodwill(175,150) (167,781) (173,294) (152,570) (160,587) 
Average intangibles, net(18,209) (20,214) (18,223) (15,562) (17,236) 
Average tangible common equity$602,346  $520,562  $590,958  $528,489  $545,671  
Net income$22,873  $18,688  $23,618  $38,276  $83,814  
Return on average shareholders' equity11.6 %10.6 %6.07 %11.1 %11.6 %
Return on average tangible common equity15.3 %14.4 %8.04 %14.6 %15.4 %
Overview
We are a bank holding company headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. We operate primarily through our wholly owned bank subsidiary, FirstBank, the third largest bank headquartered in Tennessee, based on total assets. FirstBank provides a comprehensive suite of commercial and consumer banking services to clients in select markets in Tennessee, North Alabama, Kentucky and North Georgia. As of June 30, 2020, our footprint included 72 full-service bank branches serving the following Metropolitan Statistical Areas (“MSAs”): Nashville, Chattanooga (including North Georgia), Knoxville, Memphis, Jackson, Bowling Green, Kentucky, and Huntsville, Alabama and 16 community markets throughout Tennessee and North Georgia. FirstBank also provides mortgage banking services utilizing its bank branch network and mortgage banking offices strategically located throughout the southeastern United States and a national internet delivery channel.
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We operate through two segments, Banking and Mortgage. We generate most of our revenue in our Banking segment from interest on loans and investments, loan-related fees, mortgage originations from mortgage offices within our banking footprint, trust and investment services and deposit-related fees. Our primary source of funding for our loans is customer deposits, and, to a lesser extent, Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances, brokered and internet deposits, and other borrowings. We generate most of our revenue in our Mortgage segment from origination fees and gains on sales in the secondary market of mortgage loans that we originate from our mortgage offices outside our Banking footprint and through our online ConsumerDirect channel, as well as from mortgage servicing revenues.
Mergers and acquisitions
Franklin Financial Network, Inc.
On January 21, 2020, the Company announced entry into a definitive merger agreement with Franklin Financial Network, Inc ("Franklin"), pursuant to which Franklin will be merged with and and into the Company. Franklin has 15 branches and reported approximately $3.78 billion of total assets, $2.79 billion of loans, and $3.14 billion of deposits as of June 30, 2020. According to the terms of the merger agreement, Franklin shareholders will receive 0.9650 shares of FB Financial Corporation's common stock and $2.00 in cash for each share of Franklin stock. Based on the Company's closing price of $38.23 per share as of January 21, 2020, the last day of trading before public announcement of the Franklin merger agreement, the implied transaction value is approximately $602 million. Based on the Company's closing price of $24.77 per share as of June 30, 2020, the implied transaction value is approximately $394 million. The merger, as approved by our shareholders and Franklin's shareholders, has received regulatory approval and we intend to close effective August 15, 2020.
FNB Financial Corp. merger
On February 14, 2020, the Company completed its previously-announced acquisition of FNB Financial Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Farmers National Bank of Scottsville (collectively, "Farmers National"). Following the acquisition, Farmers National was merged into the Company with FB Financial Corporation continuing as the surviving entity. The Company acquired total assets of $258.2 million, loans of $182.2 million and deposits of $209.5 million. The consideration is valued at approximately $50.0 million based on 954,797 shares of the Company's common stock (utilizing the Company's market price of $36.70 on February 14, 2020) and $15.0 million in cash consideration. The acquisition resulted in $6.4 million of preliminary goodwill.
Atlantic Capital Bank, N.A. Branches
On April 5, 2019, the Bank completed its branch acquisition to purchase 11 Tennessee and three Georgia branch locations (the "Branches") from Atlantic Capital Bank, N.A., a national banking association and a wholly owned subsidiary of Atlantic Capital Bancshares, Inc., a Georgia corporation (collectively, "Atlantic Capital"), further increasing market share in existing markets and expanding the Company's footprint into new locations. The branch acquisition added $588.9 million in customer deposits at a premium of 6.25% and $375.0 million in loans. All of the operations of the Branches are included in the Banking segment.
See Note 2, “Mergers and acquisitions” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Report for further details regarding the terms and conditions of these mergers and acquisitions.
Recent developments: COVID-19 and the CARES Act
The COVID-19 health pandemic has created a crisis that has resulted in volatility in financial markets, unprecedented job losses, disruption in consumer and commercial behavior and unprecedented action taken by governments in the United States and globally. All industries, municipalities and consumers have been impacted to some degree, including the markets that we serve. In an attempt to “flatten the curve”, commerce virtually came to a halt, businesses not deemed essential were closed and individuals were asked to restrict their movements, observe social distancing and shelter in place. These actions resulted in rapid decreases in commercial and consumer activity, temporary closures of many businesses that have led to a loss of revenues and a rapid increase in unemployment, widening of credit spreads, dislocation of bond markets, disruption of global supply chains and changes in consumer spending behavior. During the end of second quarter of 2020, many municipalities within our footprint began loosening restrictions and many customers began returning to work, pointing to an improvement in economic conditions, however subsequent to these changes, the number of COVID-19 cases began to rise in certain locations, leading to an increase in restrictions and slow down in commerce once again, which continues to persist. There is uncertainty regarding the long term effects on the global economy, but short term expectations include high unemployment, negative gross domestic product (GDP), alterations in
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business and consumer spending, depressed commercial real estate markets, and a continuation of current interest rate policies.
On March 3, 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee (‘‘FOMC’’) reduced the target federal funds rate by 50 basis points to a range of 1.00% to 1.25%. On March 15, 2020 the Federal Reserve announced it would revive its quantitative easing program to provide liquidity to the U.S. treasury and mortgage markets by committing to buy $500 billion of U.S. Treasuries and $200 billion of agency mortgage backed securities. On March 16, 2020, the FOMC further reduced the target federal funds rate by an additional 100 basis points to a range of 0.00% to 0.25%. On March 23, 2020 the Federal Reserve modified its quantitative easing program initiative to an unlimited purchase program that is expected to exceed the monetary policy support provided during the financial crisis. These actions could have significant adverse effects on the earnings, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act was signed into law. The CARES Act includes the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"), a nearly $670 billion program, as amended, designed to aid small- and medium-sized businesses through federally guaranteed loans distributed through banks. These loans are intended to guarantee up to 24 weeks of payroll and other costs, including rent and other operating costs, to help those businesses remain viable and allow their workers to continue paying bills. As of June 30, 2020, we funded $314.7 million of PPP loans through the US Small Business Administration ("SBA"). The SBA has announced it will begin accepting PPP loan forgiveness applications in the third quarter of 2020, at which point we expect to begin to see a decline in these loans on our balance sheet, for which we anticipate being repaid in full.
On March 22, 2020, an Interagency Statement was issued by banking regulators encouraging financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations due to the effects of COVID-19. Additionally, Section 4013 of the CARES Act further provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") as defined by GAAP, from the period beginning March 1, 2020 until the earlier of December 31, 2020 or the date that is 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak terminates. We have numerous customers that are impacted by the financial distress of COVID-19, and in response we introduced a payment deferral program to assist during these unprecedented times. As of June 30, 2020, we had a recorded investment in loans with deferred payments in connection with COVID-19 relief totaling $918.3 million, or approximately 19.0% of our loans held for investment. As of July 31, 2020, our recorded investment in loans with deferred payments increased to approximately $1.01 billion. These deferral modifications typically range between sixty to ninety days and were not considered TDRs under the interagency regulatory guidance or the CARES Act. Additionally, we service mortgages on behalf of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, and as of June 30, 2020 approximately 6% of customers serviced on behalf of the aforementioned companies have received forbearance assistance. COVID-19 is expected to continue to influence commerce worldwide and the magnitude to which our financial results will be impacted is uncertain at this time.
Overview of recent financial performance
Results of operations
Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019
Our net income increased during the three months ended June 30, 2020 to $22.9 million, up from $18.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Diluted earnings per common share was $0.70 and $0.59 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our net income represented a return on average assets, or ROAA, of 1.30% for both the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and a return on average shareholders’ equity, or ROAE, of 11.6% and 10.6% for the same periods. Our ratio of return on average tangible common equity, or ROATE for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 15.3% and 14.4%, respectively.
These results continued to be impacted by the uncertainty in economic conditions during the quarter, however we benefited from an increase in noninterest income of $48.5 million to $81.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared with $33.0 million for prior year period. The increase in mortgage banking income was the primary driver for the uptick in noninterest income, as a result of the lower interest rate environment. These gains were partially offset by increases in our provision for credit losses on loans held for investment to $24.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as well as an increase in noninterest expenses of $16.5 million to $80.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, up from $64.1 million for the same period in the prior year, primarily driven by increases in mortgage-related commissions.
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During the three months ended June 30, 2020, net interest income before the provision for credit losses decreased slightly to $55.3 million compared with $57.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.
Our net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased to 3.50% for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared with 4.39% for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decline was the combined result of sustained lower interest rates and balance sheet mix during the three months ended June 30, 2020. Average yield on interest-earning assets decreased 138 basis points year over year, from 5.52% for the three months ended June 30, 2019, to 4.14% for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019
Our net income decreased during the six months ended June 30, 2020 to $23.6 million from $38.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Diluted earnings per common share was $0.74 and $1.21 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our net income represented a ROAA of 0.70% and 1.41% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and a ROAE of 6.07% and 11.1% for the same periods. Our ratio of ROATE for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 8.04% and 14.6%, respectively.
These results were significantly impacted by the decline in economic conditions, the result of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic during the first half of 2020, combined with the impact of economic forecasts incorporated in our CECL loss rate model, leading to an increase in our provision for credit losses on loans held for investment of $52.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared with $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, net interest income before provision for credit losses increased slightly to $111.6 million compared with $110.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Our net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased to 3.70% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to 4.50% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, influenced by declining interest rates during the current period.
Noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased by $62.2 million to $124.2 million, up from $62.0 million for prior year period. The increase in noninterest income was primarily driven by an increase in mortgage banking income of $59.4 million to $104.9 million.
Noninterest expense increased to $149.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared with $119.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in noninterest expense is reflective of the increase in mortgage commissions stemming from elevated business activity, as well as the impact of our acquisition and integration of both Farmers National and the Branches, including increases in salaries, commissions and personnel-related costs from the incremental head count.
Financial condition
Our total assets grew by 18.5% to $7.26 billion at June 30, 2020, as compared to $6.12 billion at December 31, 2019. The increase included the acquisition of $258.2 million in assets from Farmers National, which closed on February 14, 2020. Loans held for investment increased $417.4 million to $4.83 billion at June 30, 2020 compared to $4.41 billion at December 31, 2019. The increase in loans held for investment in the first half of 2020 includes $182.2 million of loans acquired from Farmers National, as well as $314.7 million of PPP loans we originated as part of the CARES Act.
We grew total deposits by $1.02 billion to $5.95 billion at June 30, 2020, compared to $4.93 billion at December 31, 2019. The increase includes $209.5 million of customer deposits assumed in the Farmers National acquisition.
Excluding the impact of acquisition of Farmers National and the PPP loans included in loans held for investment, total assets increased 9.1%, total loans decreased 1.80%, and total deposits increased 16.4%, in each case from December 31, 2019 to June 30, 2020.
Business segment highlights
We operate our business in two business segments: Banking and Mortgage. See Note 13, “Segment reporting,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a description of these business segments.
Banking
Income before taxes from the Banking segment decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2020 to $2.1 million compared with $24.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The results were primarily driven by an increase
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in the provision for credit losses on loans held for investment and unfunded loan commitments totaling $25.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020. Net interest income decreased $1.6 million to $55.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $57.0 million in the same period in the prior year. Noninterest income increased to $26.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $13.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019. Noninterest expense increased $8.1 million, primarily due to costs associated with our overall growth, including the impact of our acquisition of Farmers National and the Branches and increased salaries, commissions and employee benefits expenses. Results of our Banking Segment also include mortgage retail footprint pre-tax net contribution of $5.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019.
Income before taxes from the Banking segment decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2020 to a loss of $1.6 million, compared to income of $52.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The results were driven by the provisions for credit losses on loans held for investment and unfunded loan commitments totaling $55.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020. Net interest income increased $1.6 million to $111.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $110.0 million in the same period in the prior year. Noninterest income increased to $46.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to $26.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019. Noninterest expense increased $22.6 million, primarily due to costs associated with our overall growth, including increased salaries, commissions and employee benefits expenses associated with incremental headcount following our acquisition of Farmers National. Results of our Banking Segment also include mortgage retail footprint pre-tax net contribution of $8.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Mortgage
During 2019, we made a strategic decision to sell our wholesale mortgage operations, which comprise the third party origination ("TPO") and correspondent mortgage delivery channels (collectively referred to as "mortgage restructuring"). The exit of the two wholesale channels better aligns the Mortgage segment with our strategic plan and long-term vision for the Company. This has also allowed additional focus on our retail and Consumer Direct origination channels. In connection with the mortgage restructuring, the Company incurred related expenses, including $0.1 million attributed to the relief of goodwill, totaling $0.8 million and $1.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.
Income before taxes from the Mortgage segment increased to $28.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared with $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019; the result of higher volumes encouraged by the lower interest rate environment and a sustained elevation in refinancing activity. Noninterest income increased $36.2 million to $55.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2019. The components and activity of mortgage banking income are discussed further under the heading "Noninterest income" within the "Management's discussion and analysis" section of this Report.
Noninterest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $27.0 million and $18.7 million, respectively. Elevated noninterest expenses were mainly attributable to mortgage commissions and other costs associated with increased volumes during the three months ended June 30, 2019.
Income before taxes from the Mortgage segment increased to $32.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to a loss of $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily due to increased volume driven by declining interest rates and an increase in refinancing activity. Noninterest income increased $41.6 million to $77.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $35.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Noninterest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $44.6 million and $37.2 million, respectively. This increase during the six months ended June 30, 2020 is mainly attributable to a continued increase in business activity and the result of a conducive interest rate environment for refinancing during the period, which led to an increase in related commissions and incentives expenses.
Results of operations
Throughout the following discussion of our operating results, we present our net interest income, net interest margin and efficiency ratio on a fully tax-equivalent basis. The fully tax-equivalent basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of net interest income from certain loans and investments. We believe this measure to be the preferred industry measurement of net interest income, which enhances comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources.
The adjustment to convert certain income to a tax-equivalent basis consists of dividing tax exempt income by one minus the combined federal and blended state statutory income tax rate of 26.06% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
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Net interest income
Net interest income is the most significant component of our earnings, generally comprising of over 50% of our total revenues in a given quarter. Net interest income and margin are shaped by many factors, primarily the volume, term structure and mix of earning assets, funding mechanisms, and interest rate fluctuations. Other factors include accretion income on purchased loans, prepayment risk on mortgage and investment–related assets, and the composition and maturity of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. In response to economic uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve remains committed to using all available tools to support the economy and uphold their dual mandate of full employment and stable prices. The FOMC maintained the Federal Funds rate to zero lower bound, and maintained their commitment to open-ended purchases of Treasury securities and agency mortgage-backed securities. During the first half of 2020, the US Treasury yield curve steepened as short-term rates fell more than long-term rates. As a result of the spread of COVID-19, economic uncertainties have arisen that are likely to continue negatively impacting net interest income. Other financial impacts could occur, though such potential impacts are unknown at this time.
Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three months ended June 30, 2019
Net interest income decreased 3.0% to $55.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $57.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019. On a tax-equivalent basis, net interest income decreased $1.5 million to $56.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to $57.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in tax-equivalent net interest income in the three months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily driven by a decrease in loan interest yields partially offset by a decrease in rates on interest-bearing deposits.
Interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, was $66.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $72.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $5.9 million. Interest income on loans held for investment, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased $5.1 million to $58.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $63.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 primarily due to decreased rates and offset by increased loan volume driven by growth in average loan balances of $597.5 million, partially attributable to the $182.2 million in loans acquired from Farmers National and the origination of PPP loans during the period, which contributed an additional $234.3 million to the increase in average total loans held for investment.     
The tax-equivalent yield on loans held for investment was 4.90%, down 117 basis points from the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in yield was primarily due to the lower interest rate environment and was also impacted by lower-yielding PPP loans originated during the period. Contractual loan interest rates yielded 4.57% in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared with 5.57% in the three months ended June 30, 2019. PPP loans contributed an 18 basis point decline in the contractual loan yield.
The components of our loan yield, a key driver to our NIM for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
20202019
(dollars in thousands)Interest
income		Average
yield		Interest
income		Average
yield
Loan yield components:
Contractual interest rate on loans held for
   investment(1)(2)
$54,233  4.57 %$58,028  5.57 %
Origination and other loan fee income(2)
2,823  0.24 %2,981  0.29 %
Accretion on purchased loans976  0.08 %2,097  0.20 %
Nonaccrual interest collections169  0.01 %156  0.01 %
Total loan yield$58,201  4.90 %$63,262  6.07 %
(1)Includes tax-equivalent adjustment.
(2)Includes $596 of loan contractual interest and $624 of loan fees related to PPP loans for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Accretion on purchased loans contributed 6 and 16 basis points to the NIM for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in accretion is due in part to the adoption of CECL coupled with lower pay-offs when compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019. Contractual interest and origination fees on PPP loans attributed 11 basis point to the NIM for the three months ended June 30, 2020. We anticipate recognizing an estimated $5.5 million in deferred origination fees, net of third party costs and deferred salaries, over the remaining life of the PPP loan portfolio.
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Our NIM, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased to 3.50% during the three months ended June 30, 2020 from 4.39% in the three months ended June 30, 2019, driven by a declining interest rate environment and change in balance sheet mix.
Interest expense was $10.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $4.4 million as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019. The primary driver was the decrease in interest expense on deposits of $4.2 million to $9.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $13.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was largely attributed to money market deposits which decreased to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and customer time deposits which decreased to $5.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $6.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The average rate on money markets decreased to 0.62%, down 86 basis points from the three months ended June 30, 2019. Average money market balances increased $200.9 million to $1,422.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $1,221.5 million for the same period in the previous year. The decrease in deposit interest expense was also attributed to a $1.0 million decrease in customer time deposit interest expense during the three months ended June 30, 2020 was driven by lower rates. The average rate on customer time deposits decreased 35 basis points from 2.13% for the three months ended June 30, 2019 to 1.78% for the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Deposit balance growth was partially attributed to proceeds customers received from PPP loans in addition to an increase of $38.9 million in mortgage servicing related deposits. The deposit growth from PPP loans is difficult to quantify due to the fact that depositors' cash is fluid and comes from many sources. Deposit balances of customers who received PPP funds from our originations have increased, however, it is difficult to distinguish how much of the growth was received from our PPP proceeds or other banking relationships. Total cost of deposits was 0.65% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to 1.14% for the three months ended June 30, 2019.
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Average balance sheet amounts, interest earned and yield analysis
The table below shows the average balances, income and expense and yield and rates of each of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities on a tax equivalent basis, if applicable, for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended June 30,
20202019
(dollars in thousands on tax-equivalent basis)
Average
balances (1)
Interest
income/
expense		Average
yield/
rate
Average
balances (1)
Interest
income/
expense		Average
yield/
rate
Interest-earning assets:
Loans(2)(4)
$4,775,229  $58,201  4.90 %$4,177,701  $63,262  6.07 %
Loans held for sale358,108  2,947  3.31 %281,252  3,070  4.38 %
Securities:
Taxable494,987  2,619  2.13 %532,500  3,548  2.67 %
Tax-exempt(4)
236,161  2,174  3.70 %146,282  1,569  4.30 %
Total Securities(4)
731,148  4,793  2.64 %678,782  5,117  3.02 %
Federal funds sold50,402  10  0.08 %12,219  88  2.89 %
Interest-bearing deposits with other financial institutions509,283  194  0.15 %81,540  465  2.29 %
FHLB stock16,871  102  2.43 %15,165  182  4.81 %
Total interest earning assets(4)
6,441,041  66,247  4.14 %5,246,659  72,184  5.52 %
Noninterest Earning Assets:
Cash and due from banks58,304  54,659  
Allowance for credit losses(91,196) (30,092) 
Other assets(3)
666,463  500,145  
Total noninterest earning assets633,571  524,712  
Total assets$7,074,612  $5,771,371  
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing checking$1,161,593  $1,717  0.59 %$968,081  $2,295  0.95 %
Money market1,422,344  2,179  0.62 %1,221,450  4,508  1.48 %
Savings deposits254,357  41  0.06 %203,602  76  0.15 %
Customer time deposits1,197,960  5,292  1.78 %1,185,451  6,299  2.13 %
Brokered and internet time deposits16,844  80  1.91 %56,242  310  2.21 %
Time deposits1,214,804  5,372  1.78 %1,241,693  6,609  2.13 %
Total interest-bearing deposits4,053,098  9,309  0.92 %3,634,826  13,488  1.49 %
Other interest-bearing liabilities:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased32,451  50  0.62 %31,905  117  1.47 %
Federal Home Loan Bank advances250,000  405  0.65 %131,726  664  2.02 %
Subordinated debt30,930  399  5.19 %30,930  427  5.54 %
Other borrowings15,000  107  2.87 %—  —  — %
Total other interest-bearing liabilities328,381  961  1.18 %194,561  1,208  2.49 %
Total Interest-bearing liabilities4,381,479  10,270  0.94 %3,829,387  14,696  1.54 %
Noninterest bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits1,728,343  1,128,311  
Other liabilities169,085  105,116  
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities1,897,428  1,233,427  
Total liabilities6,278,907  5,062,814  
Shareholders' equity795,705  708,557  
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$7,074,612  $5,771,371  
Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis)$55,977  $57,488  
Interest rate spread (tax-equivalent basis)3.20 %3.98 %
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent basis)(5)
3.50 %4.39 %
Cost of total deposits0.65 %1.14 %
Average interest-earning assets to average interesting-bearing
liabilities		147.0 %137.0 %
(1)Calculated using daily averages.
(2)Average balances of nonaccrual loans are included in average loan balances. Loan fees of $2.8 million and $3.0 million, accretion of $1.0 million and $2.1 million, and nonaccrual interest collections of $0.2 million and $0.2 million are included in interest income in the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(3)Includes investments in premises and equipment, other real estate owned, interest receivable, MSRs, core deposit and other intangibles, goodwill and other miscellaneous assets.
(4)Interest income includes the effects of taxable-equivalent adjustments using a U.S. federal income tax rate and, where applicable, state income tax to increase tax-exempt interest income to a tax-equivalent basis. The net taxable-equivalent adjustment amounts included in the above table were $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(5)The NIM is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, by average total earning assets.

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Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to six months ended June 30, 2019
Net interest income increased 1.41% to $111.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $110.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019. On a tax-equivalent basis, net interest income increased $1.8 million to $112.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to $110.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in tax-equivalent net interest income in the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily driven by increased total volume and decreased yields in loans held for investment influenced by low-yielding PPP loans offset by a larger decrease in rates on deposits, particularly money market accounts.
Interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, was $136.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $138.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.1 million.
Average loan balances increased $681.1 million, which was partially attributable to the $117.2 million in average PPP loan balances. Offsetting the increase in average volume of loans held for investment was a decrease in yields due to lower loan fees on PPP loans. The tax-equivalent yield on loans held for investment was 5.21%, down 99 basis points from the six months ended June 30, 2019. Contractual loan interest rates yielded 4.85% in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared with 5.63% in the six months ended June 30, 2019.
The components of our loan yield, a key driver to our NIM for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, were as follows:
Six Months Ended June 30,
20202019
(dollars in thousands)Interest
income		Average
yield		Interest
income		Average
yield
Loan yield components:
Contractual interest rate on loans held for
   investment(1)(2)
$111,615  4.85 %$110,205  5.63 %
Origination and other loan fee income(2)
5,412  0.23 %6,821  0.35 %
Accretion on purchased loans2,554  0.11 %3,928  0.20 %
Nonaccrual interest collections437  0.02 %245  0.01 %
Syndicated loan fee income—  — %200  0.01 %
Total loan yield$120,018  5.21 %$121,399  6.20 %
(1)Includes tax equivalent adjustment.
(2)Includes $596 of loan contractual interest and $624 of loan fees related to PPP loans for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Accretion on purchased loans contributed 8 and 16 basis points to the NIM for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Contractual interest and origination fees on PPP loans attributed 5 basis point to the NIM for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Our NIM, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased to 3.70% during the six months ended June 30, 2020 from 4.50% in the six months ended June 30, 2019, driven by the highly competitive markets we serve, a declining interest rate environment and increased volume and change in balance sheet mix.
Investment securities interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, decreased during the six months ended June 30, 2020 to $9.8 million from $10.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 driven by lower yields partially offset by higher volume in tax exempt securities. The average balance in the investment portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $720.0 million compared to $668.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Interest expense was $23.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, a decrease of $3.9 million as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019. The primary driver for the decrease was interest expense on deposits of $3.9 million to $21.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $25.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributed to the decrease in rates on money market accounts. The average rate on money markets decreased to 0.88%, down 61 basis points from the six months ended June 30, 2019. Average money market balances increased $252.7 million to $1,400.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 from $1,147.7 million for the same period in the previous year. Additionally, average brokered and internet time deposits decreased from $73.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $18.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, which contributed to the overall decrease in deposit interest expense as we shift our funding strategy to less costly sources.
Deposit balance growth was the result of organic growth and the $209.5 million in deposits assumed in the acquisition of Farmers National. Additionally, the growth is partially attributable to proceeds customers received from PPP loans. The
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deposit growth from PPP loans is difficult to quantify due to the fact that depositors' cash is fluid and comes from many sources. Deposit balances of customers who received PPP funds from our originations have increased, however, it is difficult to distinguish how much of the growth was received from our PPP proceeds or other banking relationships. Total cost of deposits was 0.79% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to 1.14% for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Average balance sheet amounts, interest earned and yield analysis
The table below shows the average balances, income and expense and yield and rates of each of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities on a tax equivalent basis, if applicable, for the periods indicated.
Six Months Ended June 30,
20202019
(dollars in thousands on tax-equivalent basis)
Average
balances(1)
Interest
income/
expense		Average
yield/
rate
Average
balances(1)
Interest
income/
expense		Average
yield/
rate
Interest-earning assets:
Loans(2)(4)
$4,631,577  $120,018  5.21 %$3,950,483  $121,399  6.20 %
Loans held for sale286,129  4,937  3.47 %248,919  5,423  4.39 %
Securities:
Taxable503,493  5,675  2.27 %525,541  7,117  2.73 %
Tax-exempt(4)
216,496  4,089  3.80 %142,627  3,116  4.41 %
Total Securities(4)
719,989  9,764  2.73 %668,168  10,233  3.09 %
Federal funds sold78,785  255  0.65 %15,289  211  2.78 %
Interest-bearing deposits with other financial institutions398,330  1,276  0.64 %78,433  911  2.34 %
FHLB stock16,539  206  2.50 %14,303  385  5.43 %
Total interest earning assets(4)
6,131,349  136,456  4.48 %4,975,595  138,562  5.62 %
Noninterest Earning Assets:
Cash and due from banks61,303  52,451  
Allowance for credit losses(77,128) (29,816) 
Other assets(3)
622,499  476,265  
Total noninterest earning assets606,674  498,900  
Total assets$6,738,023  $5,474,495  
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing deposits:
Interest bearing checking$1,116,633  $3,896  0.70 %$923,372  $4,349  0.95 %
Money market1,400,394  6,150  0.88 %1,147,720  8,464  1.49 %
Savings deposits236,475  120  0.10 %190,029  144  0.15 %
Customer time deposits1,200,080  11,135  1.87 %1,120,897  11,608  2.09 %
Brokered and internet time deposits18,600  176  1.90 %73,907  778  2.12 %
Time deposits1,218,680  11,311  1.87 %1,194,804  12,386  2.09 %
Total interest bearing deposits3,972,182  21,477  1.09 %3,455,925  25,343  1.48 %
Other interest-bearing liabilities:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased29,641  107  0.73 %23,658  152  1.30 %
Federal Home Loan Bank advances250,000  1,119  0.90 %124,839  1,298  2.10 %
Subordinated debt30,930  820  5.33 %30,930  820  5.35 %
Other borrowings 11,374  172  3.04 %—  —  — %
Total other interest-bearing liabilities321,945  2,218  1.39 %179,427  2,270  2.55 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities4,294,127  23,695  1.11 %3,635,352  27,613  1.53 %
Noninterest bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits1,520,954  1,042,211  
Other liabilities140,467  100,311  
Total noninterest-bearing liabilities1,661,421  1,142,522  
Total liabilities5,955,548  4,777,874  
Shareholders' equity782,475  696,621  
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$6,738,023  $5,474,495  
Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis)$112,761  $110,949  
Interest rate spread (tax-equivalent basis)3.37 %4.09 %
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent basis)(5)
3.70 %4.50 %
Cost of total deposits0.79 %1.14 %
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities142.8 %136.9 %
(1)Calculated using daily averages.
(2)Average balances of nonaccrual loans are included in average loan balances. Loan fees of $5.4 million and $6.8 million, accretion of $2.6 million and $3.9 million, nonaccrual interest collections of $0.4 million and $0.2 million, and syndicated loan fees of $0.0 million and $0.2 million are included in interest income in the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(3)Includes investments in premises and equipment, other real estate owned, interest receivable, MSRs, core deposit and other intangibles, goodwill and other miscellaneous assets.
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(4)Interest income includes the effects of taxable-equivalent adjustments using a U.S. federal income tax rate and, where applicable, state income tax to increase tax-exempt interest income to a tax-equivalent basis. The net taxable-equivalent adjustment amounts included in the above table were $1.2 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(5)The NIM is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, by average total earning assets.

Rate/volume analysis
The tables below present the components of the changes in net interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. For each major category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided with respect to changes due to average volumes and changes due to rates, with the changes in both volumes and rates allocated to these two categories based on the proportionate absolute changes in each category.
Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three months ended June 30, 2019
Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three months ended June 30, 2019 due to changes in
(in thousands on a tax-equivalent basis)VolumeRateNet increase
(decrease)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans(1)(2)
$7,283  $(12,344) $(5,061) 
Loans held for sale632  (755) (123) 
Securities available for sale and other securities:
Taxable(198) (731) (929) 
Tax Exempt(2)
827  (222) 605  
Federal funds sold and balances at Federal Reserve Bank8  (86) (78) 
Time deposits in other financial institutions163  (434) (271) 
FHLB stock10  (90) (80) 
Total interest income(2)
8,725  (14,662) (5,937) 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing checking286  (864) (578) 
Money market308  (2,637) (2,329) 
Savings deposits8  (43) (35) 
Customer time deposits55  (1,062) (1,007) 
Brokered and internet time deposits(187) (43) (230) 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased1  (68) (67) 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances192  (451) (259) 
Subordinated debt—  (28) (28) 
Other borrowings107  —  107  
Total interest expense770  (5,196) (4,426) 
Change in net interest income(2)
$7,955  $(9,466) $(1,511) 
(1)Average loans are gross, including nonaccrual loans and overdrafts (before deduction of allowance for credit losses). Loan fees of $2.8 million and $3.0 million, accretion of $1.0 million and $2.1 million and nonaccrual interest collections of $0.2 million and $0.2 million are included in interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(2)Interest income includes the effects of the tax-equivalent adjustments to increase tax-exempt interest income to a tax-equivalent basis.
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Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to six months ended June 30, 2019
Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to six months ended June 30, 2019 due to changes in
(dollars in thousands on a tax-equivalent basis)VolumeRateNet increase
(decrease)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans(1)(2)
$17,649  $(19,030) $(1,381) 
Loans held for sale642  (1,128) (486) 
Securities available for sale and other securities:
Taxable(249) (1,193) (1,442) 
Tax Exempt(2)
1,395  (422) 973  
Federal funds sold and balances at Federal Reserve Bank206  (162) 44  
Time deposits in other financial institutions1,025  (660) 365  
FHLB stock28  (207) (179) 
Total interest income(2)
20,696  (22,802) (2,106) 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing checking674  (1,127) (453) 
Money market1,110  (3,424) (2,314) 
Savings deposits24  (48) (24) 
Customer time deposits735  (1,208) (473) 
Brokered and internet time deposits(523) (79) (602) 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds
purchased		22  (67) (45) 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances560  (739) (179) 
Subordinated debt—  —  —  
Other borrowings172  —  172  
Total interest expense2,774  (6,692) (3,918) 
Change in net interest income(2)
$17,922  $(16,110) $1,812  
(1)Average loans are gross, including nonaccrual loans and overdrafts (before deduction of allowance for credit losses). Loan fees of $5.4 million and $6.8 million, accretion of $2.6 million and $3.9 million, nonaccrual interest collections of $0.4 million and $0.2 million, and syndicated loan fee income of $0.0 million and $0.2 million are included in interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(2)Interest income includes the effects of the tax-equivalent adjustments to increase tax-exempt interest income to a tax-equivalent basis.

Provision for credit losses
The provision for credit losses charged to operating expense is an amount which, in the judgment of management, is necessary to maintain the allowance for credit losses ("ACL") at an appropriate level under the current expected credit loss model. The determination of the amount of the allowance is complex and involves a high degree of judgment and subjectivity. Refer to Note 1, "Basis of presentation" in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a detailed discussion regarding ACL methodology.
Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three months ended June 30, 2019
Our provision for credit losses on loans held for investment for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $24.0 million as compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in provision for credit losses was primarily the result of the significant projected deterioration of the loss drivers and economic outlook over the reasonable and supportable forecast period resulting from COVID-19. Given the pervasive impact of COVID-19, we also performed additional qualitative evaluations on certain classes of financing receivables, including construction, commercial and industrial and commercial real estate, in line with our established qualitative framework. These evaluations weighed the impact of the current economic outlook, status of federal government stimulus programs, and geographical and demographic considerations, among other factors. See further discussion under the subheading "Allowance for credit losses".
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Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to six months ended June 30, 2019
Our provision for credit losses on loans held for investment for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $52.0 million as compared to $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in provision for credit losses was primarily the result of the sustained projected deterioration of the loss drivers and economic outlook over the reasonable and supportable forecast period resulting from COVID-19, as discussed above. Additionally, the provision was further increased in conjunction with the acquisition of Farmers National as CECL requires the establishment of an allowance for credit losses for non-purchased credit deteriorated loans be recognized through the provision for credit losses on the acquisition date. The provision for credit losses on loans held for investment recognized in expense in conjunction with the Farmers National acquisition on February 14, 2020 amounted to $2.9 million.
Upon and subsequent to adoption of CECL, for available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we evaluate the securities at each measurement date to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized through ACL on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings via the provision for credit losses. At January 1, 2020 and June 30, 2020, we determined that all available-for-sale debt securities that experienced a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis were due to noncredit-related factors. Therefore, there was no provision for credit losses recognized on available-for-sale debt securities during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Noninterest income
Our noninterest income includes gains on sales of mortgage loans, fees on mortgage loan originations, loan servicing fees, hedging results, fees generated from deposit services, investment services and trust income, gains and losses on securities, other real estate owned and other assets and other miscellaneous noninterest income.
The following table sets forth the components of noninterest income for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)2020201920202019
Mortgage banking income$72,168  $24,526  $104,913  $45,547  
Service charges on deposit accounts1,858  2,327  4,421  4,406  
ATM and interchange fees3,606  3,002  6,740  5,658  
Investment services and trust income1,368  1,287  3,065  2,582  
(Loss) gain from securities, net(28) 52  35  95  
Gain on sales or write-downs of other real estate
owned		86  277  137  238  
(Loss) gain from other assets(54) (183) (382) 8  
Other2,487  1,691  5,262  3,484  
Total noninterest income$81,491  $32,979  $124,191  $62,018  

Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three months ended June 30, 2019
Noninterest income amounted to $81.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of $48.5 million, or 147.1%, as compared to $33.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Changes in selected components of noninterest income in the above table are discussed below.
Mortgage banking income primarily includes origination fees and realized gains and losses on the sale of mortgage loans, unrealized change in fair value of mortgage loans and derivatives, and mortgage servicing fees, which includes net change in fair value of MSRs and related derivatives. Mortgage banking income is initially driven by the recognition of interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) at fair value at inception of the IRLCs. This is subsequently adjusted for changes in the overall interest rate environment offset by derivative contracts entered into to mitigate the interest rate exposure. Upon sale of the loan, the net fair value gain is reclassified as a realized gain on sale. Mortgage banking income was $72.2 million and $24.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Bank’s mortgage operations had sales of $1.60 billion which generated a sales margin of 2.85%. This compares to $1.26 billion and 1.67% for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in sales margin is a result of the mortgage restructuring and market conditions. The industry began to see rates decline during the first quarter of 2019 after rising through much of 2018. As interest rates continued to drift lower
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throughout 2019, the industry began to experience heightened refinancing activity that has carried over into 2020. The higher volume has led to increased capacity issues within the industry while continuing to elevate margins through the first half of 2020. Mortgage banking income from gains on sale and related fair value changes increased to $80.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $24.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Total interest rate lock volume increased $418.8 million, or 23.0%, during the three months ended June 30, 2020 over the same period in the previous year. Our interest rate lock volume during three months ended June 30, 2020 was composed of 79.8% refinancing activity compared with 49.0% during the same period in the previous year.
Our mortgage banking business is directly impacted by the interest rate environment, increased regulations, consumer demand, economic conditions, and investor demand for mortgage securities. Mortgage production, especially refinance activity, declines in rising interest rate environments. While we have not yet experienced a slowdown in our mortgage production volume, our interest rate lock volume is expected to be materially and adversely impacted by rising interest rates, and we expect to see declining refinance activity within the mortgage industry when rates rise.
Income from mortgage servicing of $5.1 million and $4.1 million for three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, was offset by declines in fair value of MSRs and related hedging activity of $13.2 million and $3.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The components of mortgage banking income for three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)20202019
Mortgage banking income:  
Origination and sales of mortgage loans$45,515  $20,976  
Net change in fair value of loans held for sale and derivatives34,778  3,298  
Change in fair value on MSRs(13,238) (3,800) 
Mortgage servicing income5,113  4,052  
Total mortgage banking income$72,168  $24,526  
Interest rate lock commitment volume by line of business:
Consumer direct$1,480,878  $805,970  
Third party origination (TPO)—  156,844  
Retail758,228  407,007  
Correspondent—  450,529  
Total$2,239,106  $1,820,350  
Interest rate lock commitment volume by purpose (%):
Purchase20.2 %51.0 %
Refinance79.8 %49.0 %
Mortgage sales$1,595,413  $1,258,662  
Mortgage sale margin2.85 %1.67 %
Closing volume$1,709,375  $1,307,934  
Outstanding principal balance of mortgage loans serviced$7,700,862  $5,850,557  
Mortgage banking income attributable to our Banking segment from retail operations within the Bank footprint was $16.9 million and $5.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and mortgage banking income attributable to our Mortgage segment was $55.2 million and $19.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Other noninterest income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased $0.8 million to $2.5 million as compared to other noninterest income of $1.7 million for three months ended June 30, 2019. This increase reflects increases associated with growth and volume of business, which is partially attributable to our acquisitions of Farmers National and the Branches.
Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to six months ended June 30, 2019
Noninterest income amounted to $124.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, an increase of $62.2 million, or 100.2%, as compared to $62.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Changes in selected components of noninterest income in the above table are discussed below.
Mortgage banking income was $104.9 million and $45.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Bank’s mortgage operations had sales of $2.64 billion which generated a sales margin of 2.88%. This compares to $2.22 billion and 1.66% for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in sales margin is a result of the mortgage restructuring and market conditions. The increase in sales margin is a result of the mortgage restructuring and market conditions. The industry began to see rates decline during the first quarter of 2019 after rising through much of 2018. As interest rates continued to drift lower throughout 2019, the industry began to experience heightened refinancing activity that has carried over into 2020. The higher volume has led to increased capacity issues within the industry while continuing to elevate margins through the first half of 2020. Mortgage banking income from gains on sale and related fair value changes increased to $113.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $42.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Total interest rate lock volume increased $1.15 billion, or 36.0%, during the six months ended June 30, 2020 over the same period in the previous year. The unseasonable increased volume in our ConsumerDirect and retail channels was driven by lower interest rates during the six months ended June 30, 2020, leading to an increase in refinancing activity.
Income from mortgage servicing of $10.1 million and $8.8 million for six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, was offset by declines in fair value of MSRs and related hedging activity of $19.1 million and $5.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The components of mortgage banking income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)20202019
Mortgage banking income:  
Origination and sales of mortgage loans$75,905  $36,883  
Net change in fair value of loans held for sale and derivatives37,983  5,542  
Change in fair value on MSRs (19,106) (5,681) 
Mortgage servicing income10,131  8,803  
Total mortgage banking income$104,913  $45,547  
Interest rate lock commitment volume by line of business:
Consumer direct$2,795,503  $1,327,573  
Third party origination (TPO)—  327,373  
Retail1,537,383  698,807  
Correspondent—  831,383  
Total$4,332,886  $3,185,136  
Interest rate lock commitment volume by purpose (%):
Purchase20.8 %53.8 %
Refinance79.2 %46.2 %
Mortgage sales$2,636,889  $2,224,886  
Mortgage sale margin2.88 %1.66 %
Closing volume$2,807,047  $2,240,059  
Outstanding principal balance of mortgage loans serviced$7,700,862  $5,850,557  
 
Mortgage banking income attributable to our Banking segment from retail operations within the Bank footprint was $27.6 million and $9.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and mortgage banking income attributable to our Mortgage segment was $77.3 million and $35.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
ATM and interchange fees include debit card interchange, ATM and other consumer fees. These fees increased $1.1 million to $6.7 million during six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. This increase is attributable to our growth in deposits and increased volume of transactions.
Other noninterest income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased $1.8 million to $5.3 million as compared to other noninterest income of $3.5 million for six months ended June 30, 2019. This increase reflects increased interest rate swap fee income and increases associated with growth and volume of business, which is partially attributable to our acquisitions of Farmers National and the Branches.
Noninterest expense
Our noninterest expense includes primarily salaries and employee benefits expense, occupancy expense, legal and professional fees, data processing expense, regulatory fees and deposit insurance assessments, advertising and
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promotion and other real estate owned expense, among others. We monitor the ratio of noninterest expense to the sum of net interest income plus noninterest income, which is commonly known as the efficiency ratio.
The following table sets forth the components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)2020201920202019
Salaries, commissions and employee benefits$55,258  $37,918  $98,880  $71,615  
Occupancy and equipment expense4,096  4,319  8,274  8,049  
Legal and professional fees1,952  1,694  3,510  3,419  
Data processing 2,782  2,643  5,235  5,027  
Merger costs1,586  3,783  4,636  4,404  
Amortization of core deposit and other intangibles1,205  1,254  2,408  1,983  
Advertising2,591  2,434  4,980  5,171  
Other expense11,109  10,074  21,215  19,552  
Total noninterest expense$80,579  $64,119  $149,138  $119,220  

Three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to three months ended June 30, 2019
Noninterest expense increased by $16.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 to $80.6 million as compared to $64.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019. Changes in selected components of noninterest expense in the above table are discussed below.
Salaries, commissions and employee benefits expense was the largest component of noninterest expenses representing 68.6% and 59.1% of total noninterest expense in the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, salaries and employee benefits expense increased $17.3 million, or 45.7%, to $55.3 million as compared to $37.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. This increase was mainly driven by an increase of $11.8 million in commissions and incentives expenses resulting from increased mortgage production. The increase also reflects the impact of our headcount increase resulting from our recent acquisitions.
Costs resulting from our equity compensation grants during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 amounted to $2.3 million and $2.1 million, respectively. These grants comprise restricted stock units that were granted in conjunction with our 2016 IPO to all full-time associates and extended to new associates each year, in addition to annual performance grants. Additionally, this expense includes costs related to performance-based restricted stock units granted during 2020 which resulted in $0.3 million in expense during the three months ended June 30, 2020.
Merger costs amounted to $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $3.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Merger costs during the three months ended June 30, 2020 include costs associated with the conversion related to our acquisition of Franklin National that was completed during the second quarter. Costs during the previous year were related to our acquisition of the Branches, which closed during the second quarter of the previous year.
Other noninterest expense primarily includes mortgage servicing expenses, regulatory fees and deposit insurance assessments, software license and maintenance fees and various other miscellaneous expenses. Other noninterest expense increased $1.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2020 to $11.1 million compared to $10.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase reflects costs associated with our growth, including the impact of our acquisitions of Farmers National and the Branches. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, other noninterest expense also included mortgage restructuring charges of $0.8 million.

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Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to six months ended June 30, 2019
Noninterest expense increased by $29.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 to $149.1 million as compared to $119.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019. Changes in selected components of noninterest expense in the above table are discussed below.
Salaries, commissions and employee benefits expense was the largest component of noninterest expenses representing 66.3% and 60.1% of total noninterest expense in the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, salaries and employee benefits expense increased $27.3 million, or 38.1%, to $98.9 million as compared to $71.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. This increase included an increase in mortgage-related commissions and incentives of $16.8 million resulting from increased mortgage production during the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared with the same period in the prior year. The increase in total salaries and benefits expense also reflects the impact of our acquisitions of Farmers National during the quarter and the Branches during the second quarter of 2019.
Costs resulting from our equity compensation grants during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 amounted to $4.2 million and $3.8 million, respectively. These grants comprise restricted stock units that were granted in conjunction with our 2016 IPO to all full-time associates and extended to new associates each year, in addition to annual performance grants. Additionally, during 2020, the Company began awarding performance-based restricted stock units which resulted in $0.4 million in expense during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Other noninterest expense increased $1.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 to $21.2 million compared to $19.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase reflects costs associated with our growth, including the impact of our acquisitions of Farmers National and the Branches. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, other noninterest expense also included mortgage restructuring charges of $1.9 million.
Efficiency ratio
The efficiency ratio is one measure of productivity in the banking industry. This ratio is calculated to measure the cost of generating one dollar of revenue. That is, the ratio is designed to reflect the percentage of one dollar which must be expended to generate that dollar of revenue. We calculate this ratio by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income. For an adjusted efficiency ratio, we exclude certain gains, losses and expenses we do not consider core to our business.
Our efficiency ratio was 58.9% and 63.3% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and 71.2% and 69.3% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Our adjusted efficiency ratio, on a tax-equivalent basis, was 57.5% and 60.9% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, and 65.9% and 65.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. See “GAAP reconciliation and management explanation of non-GAAP financial measures” in this Report for a discussion of the adjusted efficiency ratio.
Return on equity and assets
The following table sets forth our ROAA, ROAE, dividend payout ratio and average shareholders’ equity to average assets ratio for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Year Ended December 31,
2020  2019  $2020  $2019  $2019  
Return on average total assets1.30 %1.30 %0.70 %1.41 %1.45 %
Return on average shareholders' equity11.6 %10.6 %6.07 %11.1 %11.6 %
Dividend payout ratio12.9 %13.7 %24.7 %13.3 %12.2 %
Average shareholders’ equity to average assets11.2 %12.3 %11.6 %12.7 %12.5 %

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company recognized significant increases in provision for credit losses during both the first half of 2020, which resulted in return on average total assets of 1.30% and 0.70% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, as compared to 1.30% and 1.41% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Return on average shareholders’ equity was 11.6% and 6.07% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively as compared to 10.6% and 11.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting increases in the provision for credit losses, and the
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resulting impacts on net income drove an unusually high dividend payout ratio for the first half of 2020, which is not reflective of historical payout ratios or longer-term intent.
Income tax
Income tax expense was $7.5 million and $6.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $7.5 million and $12.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. This represents effective tax rates of 24.6% and 24.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 25.3% and 24.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The primary differences from the enacted rates are applicable state income taxes reduced for non-taxable income and tax credits, and additional deductions for equity-based compensation upon the distribution of RSUs.
Financial condition
The following discussion of our financial condition compares balances as of June 30, 2020 with December 31, 2019.
Total assets
Our total assets were $7.26 billion at June 30, 2020, compared to total assets of $6.12 billion as of December 31, 2019. The increase was partially attributable to our acquisition of Farmers National, completed on February 14, 2020, which added an additional $258.2 million in assets combined with our participation in the PPP. As of June 30, 2020, we have originated over 2,900 PPP loans, increasing loans held for investment by $314.7 million. The SBA will begin accepting PPP forgiveness applications in the third quarter of 2020, at which point we expect to begin to see a decline in these loans, for which we anticipate being repaid in full. Additionally, we held cash and cash equivalents of $717.6 million at June 30, 2020, an increase of $484.9 million during the first half of 2020, up from $232.7 million at December 31, 2019. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the upcoming Franklin merger, we have taken appropriate measures to ensure adequate liquidity.
Loan portfolio
Our loan portfolio is our most significant earning asset, comprising 66.5% and 72.0% of our total assets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Our strategy is to grow our loan portfolio by originating quality commercial and consumer loans that comply with our credit policies and that produce revenues consistent with our financial objectives. Our overall lending approach is primarily focused on providing credit to our customers directly rather than purchasing loan syndications and loan participations from other banks (collectively, “participated loans”). At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, loans held for investment included approximately $113.0 million and $103.4 million, respectively, related to participated loans. We believe our loan portfolio is well-balanced, which provides us with the opportunity to grow while monitoring our loan concentrations.
Loans by type
The following table sets forth the balance and associated percentage of each class of financing receivable in our loan portfolio as of the dates indicated:
 June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)Amount% of
total		Amount% of
total
Loan Type:    
Commercial and industrial(1)

$1,289,646  27 %$1,034,036  23 %
Construction553,619  12 %551,101  13 %
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family741,936  15 %710,454  16 %
Line of credit236,974  5 %221,530  5 %
Multi-family115,149  2 %69,429  2 %
Commercial real estate:
Owner-Occupied683,245  14 %630,270  14 %
Non-Owner Occupied923,192  19 %920,744  21 %
Consumer and other283,262  6 %272,078  6 %
Total loans$4,827,023  100 %$4,409,642  100 %
(1)Includes $314,678 of loans originated as part of the PPP at June 30, 2020, established by the CARES Act, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The PPP is administered by the SBA; loans originated as part of the PPP may be forgiven by the SBA under a set of defined rules.
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Loan concentrations are considered to exist when there are amounts loaned to a number of borrowers engaged in similar activities which would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no concentrations of loans exceeding 10% of loans other than the categories of loans disclosed in the table above. We believe our loan portfolio is diversified relative to industry concentrations across the various loan portfolio categories. While most industries have and are expected to continue to experience adverse impacts as a result of COVID–19, certain industries present more risk than others. As of June 30, 2020, outstanding loan principal balances of loans in deferral status amounted to $423.7 million in industries that we consider areas of concern that we continue to monitor. The following presents industry loan categories considered to be “of concern” in relation to our total portfolio as of June 30, 2020.
IndustryApproximate % of
total loans		Description of components
Retail lending7.7 %Includes non-owner occupied CRE, automobile, recreational vehicle and boat dealers, gas stations and convenience stores, pharmacies and drug stores, and sporting goods.
Healthcare5.3 %Includes assisted living, nursing and continuing care, medical practices, social assistance, mental health and substance abuse centers.
Hotel4.0 %Vast majority of hotel exposure is built around long-term successful hotel operators and strong flags located within our banking footprint.
Other leisure2.3 %Includes marinas, recreational vehicle parks and campgrounds, fitness and recreational sports centers, sports teams and clubs, historical sites, and theaters.
Transportation2.1 %Includes trucking exposure made up of truckload operators, equipment lessors to owner/operators, and local franchisees of major national trucking companies. Also includes air travel (no commercial airlines) and support and to a lesser extent, consumer charter and transportation and warehousing.
Restaurants1.3 %Majority made up of full service restaurants with no major concentration by operator or brand. Also includes limited service restaurants and bars.
Banking regulators have established thresholds of less than 100% of risk based capital concentrations in construction lending and less than 300% of risk based capital concentrations in commercial real estate lending that management monitors as part of the risk management process. The construction concentration ratio is a percentage of the outstanding construction and land development loans to total risk-based capital. The commercial real estate concentration ratio is a percentage of the outstanding balance of non-owner occupied commercial real estate, multifamily, and construction and land development loans to total risk-based capital. Management strives to operate within the thresholds set forth above.
When a company's ratios are in excess of one or both of these guidelines, banking regulators generally require an increased level of monitoring in these lending areas by management.
The table below shows concentration ratios for the Bank and Company as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which both were within the stated thresholds.
As a percentage (%) of risk based capital
FirstBankFB Financial Corporation
June 30, 2020
Construction74.6 %75.3 %
Commercial real estate214.5 %216.5 %
December 31, 2019
Construction88.4 %87.0 %
Commercial real estate247.4 %243.4 %
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Loan categories
The principal categories of our loans held for investment portfolio are discussed below:
Commercial and industrial loans.    We provide a mix of variable and fixed rate commercial and industrial loans. Our commercial and industrial loans are typically made to small and medium-sized manufacturing, wholesale, retail and service businesses for working capital and operating needs and business expansions, including the purchase of capital equipment and loans made to farmers relating to their operations. This category also includes loans secured by manufactured housing receivables. Commercial and industrial loans generally include lines of credit and loans with maturities of five years or less. This category also includes the loans we originated as part of the PPP, established by the CARES Act. The PPP is administered by the SBA, and loans we originated as part of the PPP may be forgiven by the SBA under a set of defined rules. These federally guaranteed loans were intended to provide up to 24 weeks of payroll and other operating costs as a source of aid to small- and medium-sized businesses. Commercial and industrial loans are generally made with operating cash flows as the primary source of repayment, but may also include collateralization by inventory, accounts receivable, equipment and personal guarantees. We plan to continue to make commercial and industrial loans an area of emphasis in our lending operations in the future. As of June 30, 2020, our commercial and industrial loans comprised $1,289.6 million, or 27% of loans, compared to $1,034.0 million, or 23% of loans, as of December 31, 2019. Excluding PPP loans totaling $314.7 million as of June 30, 2020, our commercial and industrial loans comprised $975.0 million.
Commercial real estate owner-occupied loans.    Our commercial real estate owner-occupied loans include loans to finance commercial real estate owner occupied properties for various purposes including use as offices, warehouses, production facilities, health care facilities, retail centers, restaurants, churches and agricultural based facilities. Commercial real estate owner-occupied loans are typically repaid through the ongoing business operations of the borrower, and hence are dependent on the success of the underlying business for repayment and are more exposed to general economic conditions. As of June 30, 2020, our owner occupied commercial real estate loans comprised $683.2 million, or 14% of loans, compared to $630.3 million, or 14%, of loans, as of December 31, 2019.
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans.    Our commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans include loans to finance commercial real estate non-owner occupied investment properties for various purposes including use as offices, warehouses, health care facilities, hotels, mixed-use residential/commercial, manufactured housing communities, retail centers, multifamily properties, assisted living facilities and agricultural based facilities. Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans are typically repaid with the funds received from the sale of the completed property or rental proceeds from such property, and are therefore more sensitive to adverse conditions in the real estate market, which can also be affected by general economic conditions. As of June 30, 2020, our non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans comprised $923.2 million, or 19%, of loans, compared to $920.7 million, or 21% of loans, as of December 31, 2019.
Residential real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans.    Our residential real estate 1-4 family mortgage loans are primarily made with respect to and secured by single family homes, including manufactured homes with real estate, which are both owner-occupied and investor owned. We intend to continue to make residential 1-4 family housing loans at a similar pace, so long as housing values in our markets do not deteriorate from current prevailing levels and we are able to make such loans consistent with our current credit and underwriting standards. First lien residential 1-4 family mortgages may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate. As of June 30, 2020, our residential real estate mortgage loans comprised $741.9 million, or 15% of loans, compared to $710.5 million, or 16%, of loans as of December 31, 2019.
Residential line of credit loans.    Our residential line of credit loans are primarily revolving, open-end lines of credit secured by 1-4 family residential properties. We intend to continue to make residential line of credit loans if housing values in our markets do not deteriorate from current prevailing levels and we are able to make such loans consistent with our current credit and underwriting standards. Residential line of credit loans may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate. Our home equity loans as of June 30, 2020 comprised $237.0 million or 5% of loans compared to $221.5 million, or 5%, of loans as of December 31, 2019.
Multi-family residential loans.    Our multi-family residential loans are primarily secured by multi-family properties, such as apartments and condominium buildings. These loans may be affected by unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating market values of real estate. Our multifamily loans as of June 30, 2020 comprised $115.1 million, or 2% of loans, compared to $69.4 million, or 2%, of loans as of December 31, 2019.
Construction loans.    Our construction loans include commercial construction, land acquisition and land development loans and single-family interim construction loans to small- and medium-sized businesses and individuals. These loans
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are generally secured by the land or the real property being built and are made based on our assessment of the value of the property on an as-completed basis. We expect to continue to make construction loans at a similar pace so long as demand continues and the market for and values of such properties remain stable or continue to improve in our markets. These loans can carry risk of repayment when projects incur cost overruns, have an increase in the price of building materials, encounter zoning and environmental issues, or encounter other factors that may affect the completion of a project on time and on budget. Additionally, repayment risk may be negatively impacted when the market experiences a deterioration in the value of real estate. As of June 30, 2020, our construction loans comprised $553.6 million, or 12% of loans compared to $551.1 million, or 13% of loans as of December 31, 2019.
Consumer and other loans.    Consumer and other loans include consumer loans made to individuals for personal, family and household purposes, including car, boat and other recreational vehicle loans and personal lines of credit. Consumer loans are generally secured by vehicles and other household goods. The collateral securing consumer loans may depreciate over time. The company seeks to minimize these risks through its underwriting standards. Other loans also include loans to states and political subdivisions in the U.S. These loans are generally subject to the risk that the borrowing municipality or political subdivision may lose a significant portion of its tax base or that the project for which the loan was made may produce inadequate revenue. None of these categories of loans represents a significant portion of our loan portfolio. As of June 30, 2020, our consumer and other loans comprised $283.3 million, or 6% of loans, compared to $272.1 million, or 6% of loans as of December 31, 2019.
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Loan maturity and sensitivities
The following tables present the contractual maturities of our loan portfolio as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Loans with scheduled maturities are reported in the maturity category in which the payment is due. Demand loans with no stated maturity and overdrafts are reported in the “due in 1 year or less” category. Loans that have adjustable rates are shown as amortizing to final maturity rather than when the interest rates are next subject to change. The tables do not include prepayment or scheduled repayments. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $22.8 million and $23.1 million, respectively, in fixed-rate loans in which the Company has entered into variable rate swap contracts.
 
Loan type (dollars in thousands)Maturing in one
year or less		Maturing in one
to five years		Maturing after
five years		Total
As of June 30, 2020    
Commercial and industrial$363,874  $820,297  $105,475  $1,289,646  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied109,023  403,170  171,052  683,245  
Non-owner occupied120,752  534,745  267,695  923,192  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family56,518  257,251  428,167  741,936  
Line of credit21,981  53,027  161,966  236,974  
Multi-family1,704  56,901  56,544  115,149  
Construction311,522  213,476  28,621  553,619  
Consumer and other29,092  66,681  187,489  283,262  
Total ($)$1,014,466  $2,405,548  $1,407,009  $4,827,023  
Total (%)21.0 %49.9 %29.1 %100.0 %
Loan type (dollars in thousands)Maturing in one
year or less		Maturing in one
to five years		Maturing after
five years		Total
As of December 31, 2019    
Commercial and industrial$396,045  $501,693  $136,298  $1,034,036  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied97,724  367,072  165,474  630,270  
Non-owner occupied109,172  552,333  259,239  920,744  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family63,297  258,570  388,587  710,454  
Line of credit7,179  47,629  166,722  221,530  
Multi-family1,793  57,602  10,034  69,429  
Construction241,872  259,942  49,287  551,101  
Consumer and other38,830  66,016  167,232  272,078  
Total ($)$955,912  $2,110,857  $1,342,873  $4,409,642  
Total (%)21.7 %47.9 %30.4 %100.0 %
 
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For loans due after one year or more, the following tables present the sensitivities to changes in interest rates as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Loan type (dollars in thousands)Fixed
interest rate		Floating
interest rate		Total
As of June 30, 2020   
Commercial and industrial$591,280  $334,492  $925,772  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied429,686  144,536  574,222  
Non-owner occupied338,763  463,677  802,440  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family537,126  148,292  685,418  
Line of credit1,625  213,368  214,993  
Multi-family66,539  46,906  113,445  
Construction75,033  167,064  242,097  
Consumer and other237,228  16,942  254,170  
Total ($)$2,277,280  $1,535,277  $3,812,557  
Total (%)59.7 %40.3 %100.0 %
Loan type (dollars in thousands)Fixed
interest rate		Floating
interest rate		Total
As of December 31, 2019   
Commercial and industrial$288,666  $349,325  $637,991  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied422,684  109,862  532,546  
Non-owner occupied324,951  486,621  811,572  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family532,409  114,748  647,157  
Line of credit892  213,459  214,351  
Multi-family49,091  18,545  67,636  
Construction93,342  215,887  309,229  
Consumer and other215,822  17,426  233,248  
Total ($)$1,927,857  $1,525,873  $3,453,730  
Total (%)55.8 %44.2 %100.0 %

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The following table presents the contractual maturities of our loan portfolio segregated into fixed and floating interest rate loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
(dollars in thousands)Fixed
interest rate		Floating
interest rate		Total
As of June 30, 2020   
One year or less$396,242  $618,224  $1,014,466  
One to five years1,574,011  831,537  2,405,548  
More than five years703,269  703,740  1,407,009  
Total ($)$2,673,522  $2,153,501  $4,827,023  
Total (%)55.4 %44.6 %100.0 %
(dollars in thousands)Fixed
interest rate		Floating
interest rate		Total
As of December 31, 2019   
One year or less$381,148  $574,764  $955,912  
One to five years1,224,977  885,880  2,110,857  
More than five years702,880  639,993  1,342,873  
Total ($)$2,309,005  $2,100,637  $4,409,642  
Total (%)52.4 %47.6 %100.0 %
Of the loans shown above with floating interest rates totaling $2.15 billion as of June 30, 2020, many of such have interest rate floors as follows:
Loans with interest rate floors (dollars in thousands)Maturing in one year or lessWeighted average level of support (bps)Maturing in one to five yearsWeighted average level of support (bps)Maturing after five yearsWeighted average level of support (bps)TotalWeighted average level of support (bps)
As of June 30, 2020      
Loans with current rates above floors:
1-25 bps$34,546  6.90  $66,889  14.80  $87,038  11.55  $188,473  11.85  
26-50 bps637  49.77  3,034  50.00  12,148  49.41  15,819  49.54  
51-75 bps276  75.00  3,191  75.00  13,573  75.00  17,040  75.00  
76-100 bps3,284  100.00  456  100.00  2,773  99.59  6,513  99.82  
101-125 bps—  —  62  125.00  620  125.00  682  125.00  
126-150 bps—  —  516  150.00  2,869  150.00  3,385  150.00  
151-200 bps—  —  1,356  176.80  5,927  177.12  7,283  177.06  
200-250 bps—  —  5,522  218.86  1,006  243.78  6,528  222.70  
251 bps and above—  —  1,172  275.00  2,962  285.95  4,134  282.84  
Total loans with current rates above floors$38,743  15.98  $82,198  39.93  $128,916  43.05  $249,857  37.82  
Loans with current rates below floors:
1-25 bps$13,607  24.98  $83,002  9.41  $12,702  23.05  $109,311  12.93  
26-50 bps10,801  47.10  46,709  42.72  13,524  41.85  71,034  43.22  
51-75 bps60,627  75.00  43,115  71.11  47,854  65.61  151,596  70.93  
76-100 bps19,487  93.71  53,676  88.61  61,457  93.90  134,620  91.76  
101-125 bps47,331  121.68  14,620  111.63  28,168  113.59  90,119  117.52  
126-150 bps24,995  142.83  10,678  145.33  45,380  143.32  81,053  143.43  
151-200 bps36,931  174.18  60,567  179.20  76,244  175.37  173,742  176.45  
200-250 bps4,266  225.01  32,917  227.29  39,299  225.08  76,482  226.02  
251 bps and above6,585  1,643.13  31,580  327.74  69,799  291.22  107,964  384.36  
Total loans with current rates below floors$224,630  131.99  $376,864  92.51  $394,427  118.50  $995,921  111.77  
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Asset quality
In order to operate with a sound risk profile, we focus on originating loans that we believe to be of high quality. We have established loan approval policies and procedures to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. When delinquencies in our loans exist, we rigorously monitor the levels of such delinquencies for any negative or adverse trends. From time to time, we may modify loans to extend the term or make other concessions, including extensions or interest rate modifications, to help a borrower with a deteriorating financial condition stay current on their loan and to avoid foreclosure. Furthermore, we are committed to collecting on all of our loans which can result in us carrying higher nonperforming assets. We believe this practice leads to higher recoveries in the long-term.
Nonperforming assets
Our nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans, other real estate owned and other miscellaneous non-earning assets. Nonperforming loans are those on which the accrual of interest has stopped, as well as loans that are contractually 90 days past due on which interest continues to accrue. Generally, the accrual of interest is discontinued when the full collection of principal or interest is in doubt or when the payment of principal or interest has been contractually 90 days past due, unless the obligation is both well secured and in the process of collection. In our loan review process, we seek to identify and proactively address nonperforming loans.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had $51.2 million and $47.1 million, respectively, in nonperforming assets. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, other real estate owned included $7.8 million and $9.0 million, respectively, of excess land and facilities held for sale resulting from our acquisitions. Other nonperforming assets, including other repossessed non-real estate, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 amounted to $1.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively.
We had net interest recoveries on nonperforming assets previously charged off of $0.2 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and net interest recoveries of $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $81.2 million and $51.7 million of delinquent GNMA loans that had previously been sold; however, we determined there not to be a more-than-trivial benefit of rebooking based on an analysis of interest rates and an assessment of potential reputational risk associated with these loans. As such, these were not recorded on our balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019. We continue to assess this on a quarterly basis.

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The following table provides details of our nonperforming assets, the ratio of such loans and other nonperforming assets to total assets, and certain other related information as of the dates presented:
 As of June 30,As of December 31,
(dollars in thousands)2020  2019  2019
Loan Type  
Commercial and industrial$2,419  $488  $5,878  
Construction1,947  284  1,129  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage10,104  6,818  7,297  
Residential line of credit981  1,342  828  
Multi-family mortgage—  —  —  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied2,644  1,376  1,793  
Non-owner occupied13,339  6,720  7,880  
Consumer and other3,391  1,207  1,800  
Total nonperforming loans held for investment34,825  18,235  26,605  
Loans held for sale—  —  —  
Other real estate owned15,091  15,521  18,939  
Other1,306  1,499  1,580  
Total nonperforming assets$51,222  $35,255  $47,124  
Total nonperforming loans held for investment as a
percentage of total loans held for investment		0.72 %0.43 %0.60 %
Total nonperforming assets as a percentage of
total assets		0.71 %0.59 %0.77 %
Total accruing loans over 90 days delinquent as a
percentage of total assets		0.09 %0.04 %0.09 %
Loans restructured as troubled debt restructurings$13,277  $8,714  $12,206  
Troubled debt restructurings as a percentage
of total loans held for investment		0.28 %0.20 %0.28 %
We have evaluated our nonperforming loans held for investment and believe all nonperforming loans have been adequately reserved for in the allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2020. Management also continually monitors past due loans for potential credit quality deterioration. Loans not considered nonperforming include loans 30-89 days past due amounting to $11.3 million at June 30, 2020 as compared to $18.5 million at December 31, 2019. Periods prior to our adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020 exclude purchased credit impaired ("PCI") loans from nonperforming totals while the current period includes PCD loans at their contractual number of days past due. Loans in deferral status are considered current.
Other real estate owned consists of properties acquired through foreclosure or acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure in addition to excess facilities held for sale. These properties are carried at the lower of cost or fair market value based on appraised value less estimated selling costs. Losses arising at the time of foreclosure of properties are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Reductions in the carrying value subsequent to foreclosure are charged to earnings and are included in “Gain on sales or write-downs of other real estate owned” in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Other real estate owned with a cost basis of $2.7 million and $4.2 million were sold during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, resulting in a net gain of $86 thousand and $137 thousand, respectively. Other real estate owned with a cost basis of $1.1 million and $2.0 million were sold during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, resulting in a net gain of $277 thousand and $238 thousand, respectively.
Non-TDR Loan Modifications due to COVID-19
During the second quarter of 2020, we continued offering financial relief in the form of a payment deferral program to those experiencing financial hardships related to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of June 30, 2020, we had deferred principal and/or interest payments on loans with recorded investments totaling $918.3 million as a result of the effects of COVID-19. The payment deferrals program differs from forbearance, in that all deferred payments are not normally due at the end of the deferral period. Instead, the payment due date is advanced to a future time period. Generally, interest continues to accrue on loans during the deferral period, unless the loan is on nonaccrual. The vast majority of our loans in deferral status are considered performing loans, and we anticipate collecting on these balances. We remain proactive in
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monitoring our loans in deferral status by reaching out to our borrowers with payment deferrals to determine their financial capacity and whether additional payment deferrals or other loan modifications are necessary. These modifications described above via payment deferrals program were promulgated by the effects of COVID-19 and do not qualify as TDRs, consistent with the "Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus" and the CARES Act.
Classified loans
We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. We analyze loans that share similar risk characteristics collectively and loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated individually. See Note 4, “Loans and allowance for credit losses,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for a description of these risk categories.
The following tables set forth information related to the credit quality of our loan portfolio as of the dates presented.
Loan type (dollars in thousands)PassWatchSubstandard
Doubtful(1)
Total
As of June 30, 2020    
Commercial and industrial$1,164,885  $101,009  $23,536  $216  $1,289,646  
Construction534,479  13,970  5,003  167  553,619  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage703,949  20,738  16,444  805  741,936  
Residential line of credit233,971  788  1,769  446  236,974  
Multi-family mortgage115,091  58  —  —  115,149  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied606,026  62,587  14,632  —  683,245  
Non-owner occupied875,706  28,322  19,164  —  923,192  
Consumer and other261,057  15,971  4,612  1,622  283,262  
Total loans$4,495,164  $243,443  $85,160  $3,256  $4,827,023  
(1) This category was added in 2020. Loans considered "Doubtful" were included as part of the "Substandard" risk category prior to January 1, 2020.
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Loan type (dollars in thousands)PassWatchSubstandardTotal
As of December 31, 2019    
Loans, excluding purchased credit impaired loans    
Commercial and industrial$946,247  $66,910  $19,195  $1,032,352  
Construction541,201  4,790  2,226  548,217  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage666,177  11,380  13,559  691,116  
Residential line of credit218,086  1,343  2,028  221,457  
Multi-family mortgage69,366  63  —  69,429  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied576,737  30,379  17,263  624,379  
Non-owner occupied876,670  24,342  9,535  910,547  
Consumer and other248,632  3,304  3,057  254,993  
Total loans, excluding purchased credit impaired loans$4,143,116  $142,511  $66,863  $4,352,490  
Purchased credit impaired loans
Commercial and industrial$—  $1,224  $460  $1,684  
Construction—  2,681  203  2,884  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage—  15,091  4,247  19,338  
Residential line of credit—  —  73  73  
Multi-family mortgage—  —  —  —  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied—  4,535  1,356  5,891  
Non-owner occupied—  6,617  3,580  10,197  
Consumer and other—  13,521  3,564  17,085  
Total purchased credit impaired loans$—  $43,669  $13,483  $57,152  
Total loans$4,143,116  $186,180  $80,346  $4,409,642  
Allowance for credit losses
As of January 1, 2020, our policy for the allowance changed with the adoption of CECL to a lifetime expected credit loss approach. As permitted, the new guidance was implemented using a modified retrospective approach with the impact of the initial adoption being recorded through retained earnings at January 1, 2020, with no restatement of prior periods. Prior to adoption, we calculated the allowance using an incurred loss approach.
The allowance for credit losses represents the portion of the loan's amortized cost basis that we do not expect to collect due to credit losses over the loan's life, considering past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions considering macroeconomic forecasts. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when we believe the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance for credit losses is based on the loan's amortized cost basis, excluding accrued interest receivable, as we promptly charge off uncollectible accrued interest receivable. We determine the appropriateness of the allowance through periodic evaluation of the loan portfolio, lending-related commitments and other relevant factors, including macroeconomic forecasts and historical loss rates. In future quarters, we may update information and forecasts that may cause significant changes in the estimate in those future quarters.
Our methodology to determine the overall appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses includes the use of lifetime loss rate models. The quantitative models require tailored loan data and macroeconomic variables based on the inherent credit risks in each portfolio to more accurately measure the credit risks associated with each. Each of the quantitative models pools loans with similar risk characteristics and collectively assesses the lifetime loss rate for each pool to estimate its expected credit loss. When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with other loans in any given pool, the loan is individually assessed.
We utilize probability-weighted forecasts, which consider multiple macroeconomic variables from a third-party vendor that are applicable to the type of loan. The weighting of the economic forecast scenarios, macroeconomic variables, and the reasonable and supportable period at the macroeconomic variable-level are reviewed and approved by the forecast governance committee based on expectations of future economic conditions.
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We consider the need to qualitatively adjust our modeled quantitative expected credit loss estimate for information not already captured in the model loss estimation process. These qualitative factor adjustments may increase or decrease our estimate of expected credit losses. We review the qualitative adjustments so as to validate that information that has already been considered and included in the modeled quantitative loss estimation process is not also included in the qualitative adjustment. We consider the qualitative factors that are relevant to the institution as of the reporting date, which may include, but are not limited to: levels of and trends in delinquencies and performance of loans; levels of and trends in write-offs and recoveries collected; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in reasonable and supportable economic forecasts; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; available relevant information sources that contradict our own forecast; effects of changes in prepayment expectations or other factors affecting assessments of loan contractual term; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations.
The change in accounting estimate as a result of our adoption of CECL increased the ACL as of January 1, 2020 to $62.6 million from the allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2019 of $31.1 million. Upon adoption, we recorded a cumulative effective adjustment to decrease retained earnings by $25.0 million, with corresponding adjustments to the allowance for credit losses on loans and unfunded commitments in addition to recording a deferred tax asset on our consolidated balance sheet. Included in our transition adjustment as of January 1, 2020 was the cumulative effective adjustment to gross-up the amortized cost amount of purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans by $0.6 million.
The allowance for credit losses was $113.1 million and $31.1 million and represented 2.34% and 0.71% of loans held for investment at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Excluding PPP loans with a recorded investment totaling $314.7 million and ACL of $51 thousand, our ACL as a percentage of total loans held for investment would have been 17 basis points higher as of June 30, 2020. PPP loans are federally guaranteed as part of the CARES Act, provided PPP loan recipients receive loan forgiveness under the SBA regulations. As such, there is minimal credit risk associated with these loans.
In addition, we evaluated for changes in reasonable and supportable forecasts of macroeconomic variables during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in credit deterioration requiring us to recognize significant increases in the ACL. Specifically, we performed additional qualitative evaluations on certain categories within our loan portfolio, including construction, commercial and industrial and commercial real estate, in line with our established qualitative framework, weighting the impact of the current economic outlook, status of federal government stimulus programs, and geographical and demographic considerations, in order to identify potential geographies and industries seeing credit improvement or deterioration specific to the COVID-19 pandemic. We also increased the ACL by $4.5 million related to PCD loans acquired on February 14, 2020, as part of the Farmers National acquisition. See Note 2, "Mergers and acquisitions" in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional details related to PCD loans acquired on February 14, 2020.
The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments increased to $6.5 million at June 30, 2020, and the deferred tax asset related to the ACL increased to $31.2 million at June 30, 2020, compared to $8.1 million at December 31, 2020.
The OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC (collectively, "the Agencies") initially provided an option within the regulatory capital framework to limit the initial regulatory "day one" adverse impact by allowing a three-year phase in period for said impact. In March 2020, the Agencies subsequently announced an interim final rule to delay the estimated impact on regulatory capital stemming from the implementation of CECL. The interim final rule maintains the three-year transition option in the previous rule and provides banks the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period (five-year transition option). We elected the five-year capital transition relief option.
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The following table presents the allocation of the allowance for credit losses by loan category as well as the ratio of loans by loan category compared to the total loan portfolio as of the dates indicated: 
As of June 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)Amount% of
Loans		Amount% of
Loans
Loan Type:
Commercial and industrial$8,878  27 %$4,805  23 %
Construction35,599  12 %10,194  13 %
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage12,463  15 %3,112  16 %
Residential line of credit6,811  5 %752  5 %
Multi-family mortgage4,499  2 %544  2 %
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied7,420  14 %4,109  14 %
Non-owner occupied30,444  19 %4,621  21 %
Consumer and other7,015  6 %3,002  6 %
Total allowance$113,129  100 %$31,139  100 %
 
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The following table summarizes activity in our allowance for credit losses during the periods indicated:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)20202019202020192019
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period$89,141  $29,814  $31,139  $28,932  $28,932  
Impact of adopting ASC 326 on non-purchased credit deteriorated loans—  —  30,888  —  —  
Impact of adopting ASC 326 on purchased credit deteriorated loans—  —  558  —  —  
Charge-offs:
Commercial and industrial(147) (79) (1,381) (258) (2,930) 
Construction(18) —  (18) —  —  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage(123) (1) (365) (82) (220) 
Residential line of credit(21) (103) (21) (135) (309) 
Multi-family mortgage—  —  —  —  —  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied—  —  (209) —  —  
Non-owner occupied(545) —  (545) —  (12) 
Consumer and other(311) (587) (1,037) (1,166) (2,481) 
Total charge-offs$(1,165) $(770) $(3,576) $(1,641) $(5,952) 
Recoveries:
Commercial and industrial$807  $38  $895  $50  $136  
Construction151  6  151  7  11  
Residential real estate:
1-to-4 family mortgage26  24  50  37  79  
Residential line of credit24  21  39  46  138  
Multi-family mortgage—  —  —  —  —  
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied3  5  17  92  108  
Non-owner occupied—  —  —  —  —  
Consumer and other103  119  296  343  634  
Total recoveries$1,114  $213  $1,448  $575  $1,106  
Net charge-offs(51) (557) (2,128) (1,066) (4,846) 
Provision for credit losses 24,039  881  52,003  2,272  7,053  
Initial allowance on loans purchased with credit deterioration—  —  669  —  —  
Allowance for credit losses at the end of period$113,129  $30,138  $113,129  $30,138  $31,139  
Ratio of net charge-offs during the period to average loans outstanding
during the period		— %(0.05)%(0.09)%(0.05)%(0.12)%
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans at end of period2.34 %0.70 %2.34 %0.70 %0.71 %
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans at end
of period		324.8 %165.3 %324.8 %165.3 %117.0 %

Mortgage loans held for sale
Mortgage loans held for sale were $435.5 million at June 30, 2020 compared to $262.5 million at December 31, 2019. Interest rate lock volume for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, totaled $2.24 billion and $1.82 billion, respectively, and were $4.33 billion and $3.19 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Generally, mortgage volume increases in lower interest rate environments and robust housing markets and decreases in rising interest rate environments and slower housing markets. The increase in interest rate lock volume for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, reflects the increased volume in our retail and ConsumerDirect channels, which benefited from the lower interest rate environment when compared to the same periods in the previous year. Interest rate lock commitments in the pipeline were $1.21 billion at June 30, 2020 compared with $453.2 million at December 31, 2019.
Mortgage loans to be sold are sold either on a “best efforts” basis or under a mandatory delivery sales agreement. Under a “best efforts” sales agreement, residential real estate originations are locked in at a contractual rate with third party private investors or directly with government sponsored agencies, and we are obligated to sell the mortgages to such investors only if the mortgages are closed and funded. The risk we assume is conditioned upon loan underwriting and
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market conditions in the national mortgage market. Under a mandatory delivery sales agreement, we commit to deliver a certain principal amount of mortgage loans to an investor at a specified price and delivery date. Penalties are paid to the investor if we fail to satisfy the contract. Gains and losses are realized at the time consideration is received and all other criteria for sales treatment have been met. These loans are typically sold within fifteen days after the loan is funded. Although loan fees and some interest income are derived from mortgage loans held for sale, the main source of income is gains from the sale of these loans in the secondary market.
Deposits
Deposits represent the Bank’s primary source of funds. We continue to focus on growing core customer deposits through our relationship driven banking philosophy, community-focused marketing programs, and initiatives such as the development of our treasury management services.
Total deposits were $5.95 billion and $4.93 billion as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Noninterest-bearing deposits at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $1.78 billion and $1.21 billion, respectively, while interest-bearing deposits were $4.18 billion and $3.73 billion at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The 20.6% increase in total deposits is partially attributed to the acquisition of $209.5 million in deposits acquired from Farmers National in the first quarter of 2020, continued focus on core customer deposit growth, and increased escrow deposits that our third party servicing provider, Cenlar, transferred to the Bank. Our deposits balances also benefited from broader market conditions during the first half of 2020, as some of our customers received proceeds from PPP loans or other relief sources. Although we recognize many of our customer deposit balances remain at elevated levels, it is difficult to determine the amount of the increase attributable to PPP proceeds as depositors' cash positions are fluid and many customers have received additional relief from other sources.
Brokered and internet time deposits at June 30, 2020 decreased $4.9 million to $15.4 million compared with $20.4 million at December 31, 2019. This decrease is a result of overall balance sheet management as we continue to replace brokered and internet time deposits with less costly funding sources.
Included in noninterest-bearing deposits are certain mortgage escrow and related customer deposits that our third-party servicing provider, Cenlar, transfers to the Bank which totaled $149.1 million and $92.6 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Additionally, our deposits from municipal and governmental entities (i.e. "public deposits") totaled $571.8 million at June 30, 2020 compared to $463.1 million at December 31, 2019. The increase in public deposits is mainly attributed to seasonal fluctuations, as well as the addition of new customers.
Our deposit base also includes certain commercial and high net worth individuals that periodically place deposits with the Bank for short periods of time and can cause fluctuations from period to period in the overall level of customer deposits outstanding. These fluctuations may include certain deposits from related parties as disclosed within Note 16, "Related party transactions" in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report. Management continues to focus on growing noninterest-bearing deposits while allowing more costly funding sources to mature, repricing downward in our current lower interest rate conditions.
Average deposit balances by type, together with the average rates per period are reflected in the average balance sheet amounts, interest paid and rate analysis tables included in this management's discussion and analysis under the subheading "Results of operations" discussion.
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The following table sets forth the distribution by type of our deposit accounts for the dates indicated: 
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)Amount% of total depositsAverage rateAmount% of total depositsAverage rate
Deposit Type
Noninterest-bearing demand$1,775,323  30 %— %$1,208,175  25 %— %
Interest-bearing demand1,236,094  21 %0.70 %1,014,875  21 %0.92 %
Money market1,469,020  24 %0.88 %1,306,913  26 %1.42 %
Savings deposits280,869  5 %0.10 %213,122  4 %0.15 %
Customer time deposits1,176,067  20 %1.87 %1,171,502  24 %2.09 %
Brokered and internet time deposits15,428  — %1.90 %20,351  — %2.27 %
Total deposits$5,952,801  100 %0.79 %$4,934,938  100 %1.10 %
Customer Time Deposits
0.00-0.50%$137,145  12 %$18,919  1 %
0.51-1.00%155,086  13 %140,682  12 %
1.01-1.50%158,057  13 %55,557  5 %
1.51-2.00%270,526  23 %338,997  29 %
2.01-2.50%194,345  17 %312,528  27 %
Above 2.50%260,908  22 %304,819  26 %
Total customer time deposits$1,176,067  100 %$1,171,502  100 %
Brokered and Internet Time Deposits
0.00-0.50%$—  — %$—  — %
0.51-1.00%—  — %—  — %
1.01-1.50%7,716  50 %8,453  42 %
1.51-2.00%5,379  35 %9,368  46 %
2.01-2.50%2,183  14 %2,182  11 %
Above 2.50%150  1 %348  1 %
Total brokered and internet time
deposits		15,428  100 %20,351  100 %
Total time deposits$1,191,495  $1,191,853  
 
The following table sets forth our time deposits segmented by months to maturity and deposit amount as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: 
 As of June 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)Time deposits
of $100 and
greater		Time deposits
of less
than $100		Total
Months to maturity:   
Three or less$205,137  $95,608  $300,745  
Over Three to Six165,866  93,634  259,500  
Over Six to Twelve213,688  152,549  366,237  
Over Twelve164,853  100,160  265,013  
Total$749,544  $441,951  $1,191,495  
 As of December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)Time deposits
of $100 and
greater		Time deposits
of less
than $100		Total
Months to maturity:   
Three or less$126,604  $66,520  $193,124  
Over Three to Six110,617  68,031  178,648  
Over Six to Twelve295,412  147,724  443,136  
Over Twelve239,828  137,117  376,945  
Total$772,461  $419,392  $1,191,853  
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Investment portfolio
Our investment portfolio objectives include maximizing total return after other primary objectives are achieved such as, but not limited to, providing liquidity, capital preservation, and pledging collateral for various types of borrowings. The investment objectives guide the portfolio allocation among securities types, maturities, and other attributes.
The following table shows the carrying value of our total securities available for sale by investment type and the relative percentage of each investment type for the dates indicated:
June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)Carrying value% of totalCarrying value% of total
U.S. Government agency securities$3,024  — %$—  — %
Mortgage-backed securities454,606  61 %490,676  71 %
Municipals, tax exempt266,052  36 %189,235  28 %
Treasury securities22,771  3 %7,448  1 %
Corporate securities985  — %1,022  — %
Total securities available for sale$747,438  100 %$688,381  100 %
The fair value of our available-for-sale debt securities portfolio at June 30, 2020 was $747.4 million compared to $688.4 million at December 31, 2019. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we purchased $30.4 million and $30.0 million, respectively in investment securities and during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we purchased $60.0 million (excluding those acquired from Farmers National) and $54.2 million in investment securities, respectively. There were no securities sold during the three or six months ended June 30, 2020. Additionally, there were no securities sold during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and the carrying value of securities sold during the six months ended June 30, 2019 totaled $1.8 million. Maturities and calls of securities during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 totaled $44.7 and $29.4, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, maturities and calls of securities totaled $72.4 million and $50.2 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, net unrealized gains of $29.7 million and $11.7 million, respectively, were recorded on available-for-sale debt securities.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $4.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively, in equity securities recorded at fair value that primarily consisting of mutual funds. The change in the fair value of equity securities resulted in a net loss of $28 thousand and net gain of $47 thousand during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, compared to net gains of $35 thousand and $96 thousand during the six ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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The following table sets forth the fair value, scheduled maturities and weighted average yields for our investment portfolio as of the dates indicated below:
As of June 30, 2020As of December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)Fair value% of total investment securities
Weighted average yield(1)
Fair value% of total investment securities
Weighted average yield(1)
Treasury securities
Maturing within one year12,133  1.6 %1.48 %—  — %— %
Maturing in one to five years10,638  1.4 %1.65 %7,448  1.1 %1.76 %
Maturing in five to ten years—  — %— %—  — %— %
Maturing after ten years—  — %— %—  — %— %
Total Treasury securities22,771  3.0 %1.56 %7,448  1.1 %1.76 %
Government agency securities:
Maturing within one year1,005  0.1 %1.39 %—  — %— %
Maturing in one to five years—  — %— %—  — %— %
Maturing in five to ten years2,019  0.3 %2.64 %—  — %— %
Maturing after ten years—  — %— %—  — %— %
Total government agency securities3,024  0.4 %2.22 %—  — %— %
Obligations of state and municipal subdivisions:
Maturing within one year4,335  0.6 %2.59 %1,152  0.2 %5.11 %
Maturing in one to five years22,877  3.1 %2.49 %4,228  0.6 %4.60 %
Maturing in five to ten years28,369  3.8 %3.44 %17,865  2.6 %3.96 %
Maturing after ten years210,471  28.2 %3.65 %165,990  24.1 %3.84 %
Total obligations of state and municipal subdivisions266,052  35.7 %3.50 %189,235  27.5 %3.88 %
Residential mortgage backed securities
guaranteed by FNMA, GNMA and FHLMC:
Maturing within one year—  — %— %—  — %— %
Maturing in one to five years3,004  0.4 %3.12 %496  0.1 %1.83 %
Maturing in five to ten years21,789  2.9 %3.07 %24,316  3.5 %3.16 %
Maturing after ten years429,813  57.5 %2.01 %465,864  67.7 %2.36 %
Total residential mortgage backed securities
guaranteed by FNMA, GNMA and FHLMC		454,606  60.8 %2.07 %490,676  71.3 %2.40 %
Corporate securities:
Maturing within one year—  — %— %—  — %— %
Maturing in one to five years—  — %— %—  — %— %
Maturing in five to ten years985  0.1 %4.13 %1,022  0.1 %4.13 %
Maturing after ten years—  — %— %—  — %— %
Total Corporate securities985  0.1 %4.13 %1,022  0.1 %4.13 %
Total investment securities747,438  100.0 %2.73 %688,381  100.0 %2.94 %
(1)Yields on a tax-equivalent basis.
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The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt securities classified as available-for-sale and their approximate fair values as of the dates shown:
(dollars in thousands)Amortized costGross unrealized gainsGross unrealized lossesFair value
Securities available for sale    
As of June 30, 2020    
US Government agency securities$3,003  $21  $—  $3,024  
Mortgage-backed securities439,843  14,770  (7) 454,606  
Municipals, tax exempt251,424  14,875  (247) 266,052  
Treasury securities22,485  286  —  22,771  
Corporate securities1,000  —  (15) 985  
 $717,755  $29,952  $(269) $747,438  
As of December 31, 2019
US Government agency securities$—  $—  $—  $—  
Mortgage-backed securities487,101  5,236  (1,661) 490,676  
Municipals, tax exempt181,178  8,287  (230) 189,235  
Treasury securities7,426  22  —  7,448  
Corporate securities1,000  22  —  1,022  
$676,705  $13,567  $(1,891) $688,381  
Borrowed funds
Deposits and investment securities available for sale are the primary source of funds for our lending activities and general business purposes. However, we may also obtain advances from the FHLB, purchase federal funds and engage in overnight borrowing from the Federal Reserve, correspondent banks, or enter into client purchase agreements. We also use these sources of funds as part of our asset liability management process to control our long-term interest rate risk exposure, even if it may increase our short-term cost of funds.
Our level of short-term borrowing can fluctuate on a daily basis depending on funding needs and the source of funds to satisfy those needs, in addition to the overall interest rate environment and cost of public funds. Borrowings include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, lines of credit, advances from the FHLB, federal funds and subordinated debt.
The following table sets forth our total borrowings segmented by years to maturity as of June 30, 2020:
 June 30, 2020
(dollars in thousands)Amount% of totalWeighted average interest rate (%)
Maturing Within:   
June 30, 2021$147,732  45 %0.57 %
June 30, 2022—  — %— %
June 30, 2023—  — %— %
June 30, 2024—  — %— %
June 30, 2025—  — %— %
Thereafter180,930  55 %1.66 %
Total$328,662  100 %1.79 %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased
We enter into agreements with certain customers to sell certain securities under agreements to repurchase the security the following day. These agreements are made to provide customers with comprehensive treasury management programs a short-term return for their excess funds. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $32.7 million and $23.7 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The Bank maintains lines with certain correspondent banks that provide borrowing capacity in the form of federal funds purchased in the aggregate amount of $305.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. There were no borrowings against the line at June 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019.
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Federal Home Loan Bank advances
As a member of the FHLB Cincinnati, the Bank receives advances from the FHLB pursuant to the terms of various agreements that assist in funding its mortgage and loan portfolio balance sheet. Under the agreements, we pledge qualifying residential mortgages of $501.7 million and qualifying commercial mortgages of $567.5 million as collateral securing a line of credit with a total borrowing capacity of $849.7 million as of June 30, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, we pledged qualifying residential mortgages of $413.0 million and qualifying commercial mortgages of $545.5 million as collateral securing a line of credit with a total borrowing capacity of $760.6 million.
Borrowings against our line totaled $250.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The FHLB advances as of June 30, 2020 includes two long-term advances with putable features totaling $150.0 million. These two long-term advances of $100.0 million and $50.0 million carry maximum final terms of 10 years and 7 years, respectively. However, the FHLB owns the option to cancel the advances after one year and quarterly thereafter at predetermined fixed rates of 1.24% and 1.37%, respectively. There were also no overnight cash management advances (CMAs) outstanding as of June 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019. A letter of credit with FHLB of $75.0 million was pledged to secure public funds that required collateral as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Included in total FHLB advances is $100.0 million of 90-day fixed-rate advances. An additional line of $800.0 million has been secured with the FHLB for overnight borrowing; however, additional collateral may be needed to draw on the line. The maximum amount of FHLB borrowing outstanding at any month end was $250.0 million for the period ended June 30, 2020 and $185.0 million for the period ended June 30, 2019. The weighted average interest rate on FHLB borrowings was 1.32% and 1.51% at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Additionally, the Bank maintains a line with the Federal Reserve Bank through the Borrower-in-Custody program. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $1.49 billion and $1.41 billion of qualifying loans and $4.3 million and $5.0 million of investment securities were pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank, securing a line of credit of $1,055.3 million and $1,013.2 million, respectively.
Subordinated debt
We have two wholly-owned subsidiaries that are statutory business trusts (“Trusts”). The Trusts were created for the sole purpose of issuing 30-year capital trust preferred securities to fund the purchase of junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our $0.9 million investment in the Trusts was included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and our $30.0 million obligation is reflected as junior subordinated debt, respectively. The junior subordinated debt bears interest at floating interest rates based on a spread over 3-month LIBOR plus 315 basis points (3.43% and 5.10% at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) for the $21.7 million debenture and 3-month LIBOR plus 325 basis points (3.56% and 5.19% at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively) for the remaining $9.3 million. The $9.3 million debenture may be redeemed prior to the 2033 maturity date upon the occurrence of a special event, and the $21.7 million debenture may be redeemed prior to 2033 at our option.
Other borrowings
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we initiated a credit line in the amount of $20.0 million (1.75% + 1 month LIBOR in effect 2 business days prior to reprice date) and borrowed $15.0 million against the line to fund the cash consideration paid in connection with the Farmers National transaction. An additional $5.0 million remains available for the Company to draw. This line of credit has a term of one year, maturing on February 21, 2021.
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Liquidity and capital resources
Bank liquidity management
We are expected to maintain adequate liquidity at the Bank to meet the cash flow requirements of clients who may be either depositors wishing to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs. Our Liquidity and Interest Rate Risk Policy is intended to cause the Bank to maintain adequate liquidity and, therefore, enhance our ability to raise funds to support asset growth, meet deposit withdrawals and lending needs, maintain reserve requirements and otherwise sustain our operations. We accomplish this through management of the maturities of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. We believe that our present position is adequate to meet our current and future liquidity needs.
We continuously monitor our liquidity position to ensure that assets and liabilities are managed in a manner that will meet all of our short-term and long-term cash requirements. We manage our liquidity position to meet the daily cash flow needs of clients, while maintaining an appropriate balance between assets and liabilities to meet the return on investment objectives of our shareholders. We also monitor our liquidity requirements in light of interest rate trends, changes in the economy and the scheduled maturity and interest rate sensitivity of the investment and loan portfolios and deposits.
As a result of the COVID–19 pandemic, we have taken steps to ensure adequate liquidity and access to funding sources. To date, we have not seen significant pressure on liquidity or sources of funding as a result of COVID–19 and have maintained higher than typical levels of liquidity in cash and cash equivalents to allow for flexibility.
As part of our liquidity management strategy, we also focus on minimizing our costs of liquidity and attempt to decrease these costs by growing our noninterest-bearing and other low-cost deposits, while replacing higher cost funding sources including time deposits and borrowed funds. While we do not control the types of deposit instruments our clients choose, we do influence those choices with the rates and the deposit specials we offer.
Our investment portfolio is another alternative for meeting liquidity needs. These assets generally have readily available markets that offer conversions to cash as needed. Securities within our investment portfolio are also used to secure certain deposit types and short-term borrowings. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, securities with a carrying value of $475.6 million and $373.7 million, respectively, were pledged to secure government, public, trust and other deposits and as collateral for short-term borrowings, letters of credit and derivative instruments. Additionally, we have FHLB line of credit to secure public funds totaling $75.0 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Additional sources of liquidity include federal funds purchased, FHLB borrowings, and lines of credit. Interest is charged at the prevailing market rate on federal funds purchased and FHLB advances. Funds and advances obtained from the FHLB are used primarily to meet day to day liquidity needs, particularly when the cost of such borrowing compares favorably to the rates that we would be required to pay to attract deposits. There were no outstanding overnight cash management advances ("CMAs") at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the balance of our outstanding additional long-term advances with the FHLB were $150.0 million. The remaining balance available with the FHLB was $524.7 million and $435.6 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We also maintain lines of credit with other commercial banks totaling $305.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. These are unsecured, uncommitted lines of credit typically maturing at various times within the next twelve months. There were no borrowings against the lines at June 30, 2020 and at December 31, 2019.
Holding company liquidity management
The Company is a corporation separate and apart from the Bank and, therefore, it must provide for its own liquidity. The Company’s main source of funding is dividends declared and paid to it by the Bank. Statutory and regulatory limitations exist that affect the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company. Management believes that these limitations will not impact the Company’s ability to meet its ongoing short-term cash obligations. For additional information regarding dividend restrictions, see the “Item 1. Business - Supervision and regulation,” "Item 1A. Risk Factors - Risks related to our business" and " Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities - Dividend Policy," each of which is set forth in our Annual Report.
Due to state banking laws, the Bank may not declare dividends in any calendar year in an amount exceeding the total of its net income for that year combined with its retained net income of the preceding two years, without the prior approval of the Tennessee Department of Financial Institutions ("TDFI"). Based upon this regulation, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $188.7 million and $223.7 million of the Bank’s retained earnings were available for the payment of dividends without such prior approval. In addition, dividends paid by the Bank to the Company would be prohibited if the effect thereof would cause the Bank’s capital to be reduced below applicable minimum capital requirements. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the board approved a quarterly dividend from the Bank to the holding company amounting to approximately $5.3 million that did not require approval from the TDFI. Subsequent to June 30, 2020, the board approved a dividend from the Bank to the holding company amounting to approximately $37.5 million that
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did not require approval from the TDFI. No cash dividends from the Bank to the Company were paid during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company declared and paid dividends of $0.09 per share, or $3.0 million, and $0.18 per share, or $5.8 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company declared and paid dividends of $0.08 per share, or $2.6 million, and $0.16 per share, or $5.1 million, respectively. Subsequent to June 30, 2020, the Company declared a quarterly dividend in the amount of $0.09 per share, payable on September 2, 2020 to stockholders of record as of August 19, 2020, following the anticipated closing of the Franklin merger.
The Company is party to a registration rights agreement with its former majority shareholder entered into in connection with the 2016 IPO, under which the Company is responsible for payment of expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions) relating to sales to the public by the shareholder of shares of the Company's common stock beneficially owned by him. Such expenses include registration fees, legal and accounting fees, and printing costs payable by the Company and expensed when incurred. No such expenses were incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2020 or 2019.
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company obtained a line of credit for $20.0 million, of which $15.0 million is borrowed to fund the cash consideration paid in connection with the Farmers National acquisition.
Capital management and regulatory capital requirements
Our capital management consists of providing adequate equity to support our current and future operations. We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies, including the TDFI, Federal Reserve and the FDIC. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements may prompt certain actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Our capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components of capital, risk weightings and other factors.

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The Federal Reserve and the FDIC have issued guidelines governing the levels of capital that banks must maintain. Those guidelines specify capital tiers, which include the classifications set forth in the following table. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we exceeded all capital ratio requirements under prompt corrective action and other regulatory requirements, as detailed in the table below: 
 Actual
Required for capital
adequacy purposes(1)
To be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provision
(dollars in thousands)AmountRatio
(%)		AmountRatio
(%)		AmountRatio
(%)
June 30, 2020      
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)
FB Financial Corporation$735,555  13.4 %$439,137  8.0 %N/AN/A
FirstBank$742,321  13.5 %$439,894  8.0 %$549,867  10.0 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
FB Financial Corporation$666,090  12.1 %$330,293  6.0 %N/AN/A
FirstBank$672,856  12.3 %$328,222  6.0 %$437,630  8.0 %
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)
FB Financial Corporation$666,090  9.7 %$274,676  4.0 %N/AN/A
FirstBank$672,856  9.7 %$277,466  4.0 %$346,833  5.0 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1)      
FB Financial Corporation$636,090  11.6 %$246,759  4.5 %N/AN/A
FirstBank$672,856  12.3 %$246,167  4.5 %$355,574  6.5 %
December 31, 2019
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)
FB Financial Corporation$633,549  12.2 %$415,442  8.0 %N/AN/A
FirstBank$623,432  12.1 %$412,186  8.0 %$515,233  10.0 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
FB Financial Corporation$602,410  11.6 %$311,591  6.0 %N/AN/A
FirstBank$592,293  11.5 %$309,022  6.0 %$412,030  8.0 %
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets)
FB Financial Corporation$602,410  10.1 %$238,578  4.0 %N/AN/A
FirstBank$592,293  9.9 %$239,310  4.0 %$299,138  5.0 %
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1)
FB Financial Corporation$572,410  11.1 %$232,058  4.5 %N/AN/A
FirstBank$592,293  11.5 %$231,767  4.5 %$334,774  6.5 %
(1) Minimum ratios presented exclude the capital conservation buffer.
We also have outstanding junior subordinated debentures with a carrying value of $30.0 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, which are included in our Tier 1 capital.
The Federal Reserve Board issued rules in March 2005 providing stricter quantitative limits on the amount of securities that, similar to our junior subordinated debentures, are includable in Tier 1 capital. This guidance, which became fully effective in March 2009, did not impact the amount of debentures we include in Tier 1 capital. While our existing junior subordinated debentures are unaffected and are included in our Tier 1 capital, the Dodd-Frank Act specifies that any such securities issued after May 19, 2010 may not be included in Tier 1 capital.
In December 2018, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC approved a final rule to address changes to credit loss accounting under GAAP, including banking organizations’ implementation of CECL. The final rule provides banking organizations the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects on regulatory capital that may result from the adoption of the new accounting standard. In March 2020, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC announced an interim final rule to delay the estimated impact on regulatory capital stemming from the implementation of CECL. The interim final rule maintains the three-year transition option in the previous rule and provides banks the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period (five-year transition option). The Company adopted the capital transition relief over the permissible five-year period.
As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank and Company met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. Also, as of September 30, 2019, the date of the most recent FDIC examination, the Bank was well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.
Capital Expenditures
As of June 30, 2020, we had capital commitments of approximately $1.5 million to be paid over the next twelve months.
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Shareholders’ equity
Our total shareholders’ equity was $805.2 million at June 30, 2020 and $762.3 million, at December 31, 2019. Book value per share was $25.08 at June 30, 2020 and $24.56 at December 31, 2019. The growth in shareholders’ equity was attributable to earnings retention and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income partially offset by a cumulative effective adjustment of $25.0 million on January 1, 2020 for the adoption of ASU 2016-13 and to a lesser extent, declared dividends and activity related to equity-based compensation.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which in accordance with GAAP, are not included as part of our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit, standby and commercial letters of credit, and commitments to purchase loans, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. For further information, see Note 10, "Commitments and contingencies" in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.
ITEM 3 — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest rate sensitivity
Our market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in the normal course of lending and deposit-taking activities. Management believes that our ability to successfully respond to changes in interest rates will have a significant impact on our financial results. To that end, management actively monitors and manages our interest rate risk exposure.
The Asset Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”), which is authorized by our board of directors, monitors our interest rate sensitivity and makes decisions relating to that process. The ALCO’s goal is to structure our asset/liability composition to maximize net interest income while managing interest rate risk so as to minimize the adverse impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income and capital in either a rising or declining interest rate environment. Profitability is affected by fluctuations in interest rates. A sudden and substantial change in interest rates may adversely impact our earnings because the interest rates borne by assets and liabilities do not change at the same speed, to the same extent or on the same basis.
We monitor the impact of changes in interest rates on our net interest income and economic value of equity (“EVE”) using rate shock analysis. Net interest income simulations measure the short-term earnings exposure from changes in market rates of interest in a rigorous and explicit fashion. Our current financial position is combined with assumptions regarding future business to calculate net interest income under varying hypothetical rate scenarios. EVE measures our long-term earnings exposure from changes in market rates of interest. EVE is defined as the present value of assets minus the present value of liabilities at a point in time. A decrease in EVE due to a specified rate change indicates a decline in the long-term earnings capacity of the balance sheet assuming that the rate change remains in affect over the life of the current balance sheet. For purposes of calculating EVE, a zero percent floor is assumed on discount factors.

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The following analysis depicts the estimated impact on net interest income and EVE of immediate changes in interest rates at the specified levels for the periods presented:
Percentage change in:
Change in interest rates
Net interest income(1)
 Year 1 Year 2
 June 30,December 31,June 30,December 31,
(in basis points)2020201920202019
+40048.7 %8.4 %64.8 %9.7 %
+30036.4 %6.4 %48.2 %7.6 %
+20024.2 %4.4 %32.3 %5.4 %
+10012.2 %2.2 %16.2 %2.9 %
-100(12.2)%(4.9)%(18.6)%(6.6)%
-200(23.2)%(8.5)%(35.33)%(11.6)%
 Percentage change in:
Change in interest rates
Economic value of equity(2)
 June 30,December 31,
(in basis points)20202019
+40020.9 %(3.8)%
+30016.7 %(2.4)%
+20012.6 %(1.0)%
+1007.5 %(0.1)%
-100(0.7)%(4.7)%
-2009.0 %(14.5)%
(1)The percentage change represents the projected net interest income for 12 months and 24 months on a flat balance sheet in a stable interest rate environment versus the projected net income in the various rate scenarios.
(2)The percentage change in this column represents our EVE in a stable interest rate environment versus EVE in the various rate scenarios.
The results for the net interest income simulations as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 resulted in an asset sensitive position. The primary influence of our asset sensitivity is the floating rate structure in many of our loans held for investment as well as the composition of our liabilities which is primarily core deposits. Non-interest bearing deposits continue be a strong source of funding which also increases asset sensitivity. Beta assumptions on loans were constant during both periods while deposits were modified to better reflect historical deposit change behavior. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented monetary stimulus from the Federal Reserve, which included, but was not limited to, a 150 basis point decrease in the federal funds target rate. While our variable rate loan portfolio is indexed to market rates, deposits typically adjust at a percentage of the overall movement in market rates, resulting in margin compression. Index floors in our variable rate loans and aggressive deposit pricing should mitigate some of this pressure in the near term.
The preceding measures assume no change in the size or asset/liability compositions of the balance sheet. Thus, the measures do not reflect the actions the ALCO may undertake in response to such changes in interest rates. The scenarios assume instantaneous movements in interest rates in increments of 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points. As interest rates are adjusted over a period of time, it is our strategy to proactively change the volume and mix of our balance sheet in order to mitigate our interest rate risk. The computation of the prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes requires numerous assumptions regarding characteristics of new business and the behavior of existing positions. These business assumptions are based upon our experience, business plans and published industry experience. Key assumptions employed in the model include asset prepayment speeds, competitive factors, the relative price sensitivity of certain assets and liabilities and the expected life of non-maturity deposits. Because these assumptions are inherently uncertain, actual results may differ from simulated results.
We may utilize derivative financial instruments as part of an ongoing effort to mitigate interest rate risk exposure to interest rate fluctuations and facilitate the needs of our customers.
The Company enters into derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments to help its commercial customers manage their exposure to interest rate fluctuations. To mitigate the interest rate risk associated with customer contracts, the Company enters into an offsetting derivative contract. The Company manages its credit risk, or potential risk of default by its commercial customers through credit limit approval and monitoring procedures.
The Company has entered into interest rate swap contracts to hedge interest rate exposure on short term liabilities, as well as interest rate swap contracts to hedge interest rate exposure on subordinated debentures. These interest rate swaps are all accounted for as cash flow hedges, with the Company receiving a variable rate of interest and paying a fixed rate of interest.
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The Company enters into rate lock commitments and forward loan sales contracts as part of our ongoing efforts to mitigate our interest rate risk exposure inherent in our mortgage pipeline and held for sale portfolio. Under the interest rate lock commitments, interest rates for a mortgage loan are locked in with the client for a period of time, typically 30-90 days. Once an interest rate lock commitment is entered into with a client, we also enter into a forward commitment to sell the residential mortgage loan to secondary market investors. Forward loan sale contracts are contracts for delayed sale and delivery of mortgage loans to a counter party. We agree to deliver on a specified future date, a specified instrument, at a specified price or yield. The credit risk inherent to us arises from the potential inability of counterparties to meet the terms of their contracts. In the event of non-acceptance by the counterparty, we would be subject to the credit and inherent (or market) risk of the loans retained.
Additionally, the Company enters into forward commitments, options and futures contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments, which serve as economic hedges of the change in fair value of its MSRs.
For more information about our derivative financial instruments, see Note 11, “Derivative Instruments,” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements. 
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Report was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other members of the Company’s senior management. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is: (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure; and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
The Company does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
PART II—Other Information
ITEM 1—LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Various legal proceedings to which we or our subsidiaries are party arise from time to time in the normal course of business. As of the date of this Report, there are no material pending legal proceedings to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party or of which any of our or our subsidiaries’ properties are subject.

ITEM 1A—RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, with the exception of:

The COVID-19 pandemic (“COVID-19”) had and is likely to continue to have an adverse affect, possibly materially, on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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COVID-19 presents a unique and exceptional risk to FirstBank and the banking industry overall. The pandemic has created economic and financial disruptions that have adversely affected, and are likely to continue to adversely affect, our business, results of operation, and financial condition. Due to the unpredictability of COVID-19, it is impossible to determine the extent to which the Company's business, results of operations, and financial condition will continue to be impacted. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively affect our business, results of operation, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic on our associates, customers, communities, vendors, and other financial institutions, and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic.
Federal, state, and local governments have implemented a variety of measures to manage the public health effects of COVID-19, including restrictions on travel, ordering the closure of non-essential businesses, and implementing required social distancing measures and mandatory stay at home orders. Collectively, these measures, together with voluntary changes in behavior, have led to a substantial decrease in economic activity and a dramatic increase in unemployment, particularly in sectors such as retail, hospitality, travel, and healthcare, among others. Governmental bodies have also enacted and are expected to continue to enact and implement laws designed to stabilize the economy and provide relief to businesses and individuals to mitigate the consequences of COVID-19 and the policies restricting the operation of businesses and the movement of individuals. In response to the pandemic, the Federal Reserve has reduced the benchmark federal funds rate to a target range of 0% to 0.25%, and the yields on 10 and 30-year treasury notes have declined to historic lows. The effectiveness of these efforts is uncertain, and we cannot predict future developments, including how long the outbreak and related restrictions will last, which geographical regions may be particularly affected, or what other government responses may occur.
Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the pandemic and its impact on the US and local economies, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the outbreak on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including the extent to which the coronavirus can be controlled and abated and when and how the economy may be reopened. As the result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related adverse local and national economic consequences, we may be subject to the following risks, among others, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, results of operation, and financial condition:
•the likelihood that our customers will become delinquent on their loans or other obligations to us, which, in turn, would result in a higher level of non-performing loans and net charge-offs.
•there may continue to be a decrease in the demand for some of our products and services, which will make it difficult to grow assets and income;
•if the economy is unable to substantially reopen and high levels of unemployment continue for an extended period, loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charges and reduced income;
•collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase;
•if borrowers experience financial difficulties beyond forbearance periods, we must increase our allowance for loan losses, which will adversely affect net income;
•the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments;
•as the result of the decline in the Federal Reserve’s target federal funds rate to near 0%, the yield on our assets may decline more than the cost of our interest-bearing liabilities, which would reduce our net interest margin and net income;
•a material decrease in net income could result in a decrease in the amount or a cancellation of our quarterly cash dividend;
•we rely on third party vendors for critical services and the unavailability one or more of these services due to the pandemic could have an adverse effect on our operations;
•federal, state, or local governments create inconsistent, conflicting, contradictory, or moot, policies that disrupt financial markets or our business strategies;
•as a result of the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the national, regional and/or local economies may experience a recession, unusual inflation, or other atypical economical event;
•our employees, officers, or directors may become infected with or otherwise incapacitated because of COVID-19;
•beginning in March 2020, most of our nonessential employees began working remotely from home, and this unprecedented increase in our remote workforce poses an enhanced risk to operations, including potential impacts on financial controls and/or a loss of employee engagement and productivity, which could impact financial results and the operations of the Bank;
•the increase in the number of employees working remotely throughout the economy also subjects us, our customers, and our vendors to additional cybersecurity risk as cybercriminals attempt to exploit vulnerabilities, compromise business emails, and generate phishing attacks during this time; and
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•our participation in the Paycheck Protection Program and/or other government stimulus lending programs may create a risk to the bank if we implement these stimulus programs incorrectly or untimely, which could harm our customers or our reputation.
You should also review our Risk Factors discussion in Item 1A of our 2019 Form 10-K for information regarding other factors that have and are likely to continue to affect our business and financial performance as a result of the pandemic.
ITEM 2—UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table provides information about repurchases of common stock by the Company during the quarter ended June 30, 2020: 
Period(a)
Total number of shares purchased		(b)
Average price paid per share		(c)
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs		(d)
Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
April 1 - April 30, 2020—  —  —  $25,000,000  
May 1 - May 31, 2020—  —  —  25,000,000  
June 1 - June 30, 2020—  —  —  25,000,000  
Total—  —  —  25,000,000  
The Company's stock repurchase plan, which was first approved by its board of directors and announced on October 22, 2018, was amended on March 22, 2019 to provide that the Company may purchase up to $25 million in shares of its common stock during the year ending December 31, 2019, and up to another $25 million in shares during the year ending December 31, 2020. To date, the Company has not repurchased any shares of common stock under the plan.
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ITEM 6—EXHIBITS
The exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference (as stated therein) as part of this Report.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number Description
2.1
3.1
3.2
4.1
31.1
31.2
32.1
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
*Filed herewith.
**Furnished herewith.
†
Represents a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement.

101

Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 FB Financial Corporation
  
 /s/ Michael M. Mettee
August 7, 2020
Michael M. Mettee
Interim Chief Financial Officer
/s/ Lisa M. Smiley
August 7, 2020
Lisa M. Smiley
Principal Accounting Officer



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